From 1ed4dc554e6a931a24c07831e42ea224a7fb65c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Selenium CI Bot <selenium-ci@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Aug 2021 08:46:34 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Updating IEDriver link [deploy site]

Fixes https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/issues/9600 ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675
---
 documentation/de/404.html                                 | 2 +-
 documentation/de/categories/index.html                    | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/contributing/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../driver_specific_capabilities/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html | 8 ++++----
 documentation/de/front_matter/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/getting_started/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/getting_started/quick/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../de/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/grid_3/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/grid_4/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 .../de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../avoid_sharing_state/index.html                        | 6 +++---
 .../consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html                | 6 +++---
 .../domain_specific_language/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../fresh_browser_per_test/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../generating_application_state/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../improved_reporting/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../de/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../mock_external_services/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../page_object_models/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../test_independency/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/index.html                               | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/index.json                               | 2 +-
 .../de/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/introduction/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../de/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html             | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/legacy_docs/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/remote_webdriver/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/selenium_installation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../installing_selenium_libraries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../installing_standalone_server/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/sitemap.xml                              | 2 +-
 .../de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/support_packages/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html       | 6 +++---
 .../de/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../working_with_select_elements/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/tags/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html           | 6 +++---
 .../de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html          | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/index.html            | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/waits/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/index.html      | 6 +++---
 .../de/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/de/worst_practices/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../de/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../de/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../de/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/404.html                                 | 2 +-
 documentation/en/categories/index.html                    | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/contributing/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../driver_specific_capabilities/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html | 8 ++++----
 documentation/en/front_matter/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/getting_started/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/getting_started/quick/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../en/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/grid_3/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/grid_4/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 .../en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../avoid_sharing_state/index.html                        | 6 +++---
 .../consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html                | 6 +++---
 .../domain_specific_language/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../fresh_browser_per_test/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../generating_application_state/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../improved_reporting/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../en/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../mock_external_services/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../page_object_models/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../test_independency/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/index.html                               | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/index.json                               | 2 +-
 .../en/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/introduction/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../en/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html             | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/legacy_docs/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/remote_webdriver/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/selenium_installation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../installing_selenium_libraries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../installing_standalone_server/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/sitemap.xml                              | 2 +-
 .../en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/support_packages/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html       | 6 +++---
 .../en/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../working_with_select_elements/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/tags/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html           | 6 +++---
 .../en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html          | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/index.html            | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/waits/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/index.html      | 6 +++---
 .../en/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/en/worst_practices/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../en/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../en/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../en/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/404.html                                 | 2 +-
 documentation/es/categories/index.html                    | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/contributing/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../driver_specific_capabilities/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html | 8 ++++----
 documentation/es/front_matter/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/getting_started/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/getting_started/quick/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../es/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/grid_3/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html        | 6 +++---
 .../grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/grid_4/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html    | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 .../es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../avoid_sharing_state/index.html                        | 6 +++---
 .../consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html                | 6 +++---
 .../domain_specific_language/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../fresh_browser_per_test/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../generating_application_state/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../improved_reporting/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../es/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../mock_external_services/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../page_object_models/index.html                         | 6 +++---
 .../test_independency/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/index.html                               | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/index.json                               | 2 +-
 .../es/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/introduction/index.html                  | 6 +++---
 .../es/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html             | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/legacy_docs/index.html                   | 6 +++---
 .../legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html | 6 +++---
 .../es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html      | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html       | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/remote_webdriver/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html   | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/selenium_installation/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../installing_selenium_libraries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../installing_standalone_server/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html              | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/sitemap.xml                              | 2 +-
 .../es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/support_packages/index.html              | 6 +++---
 .../mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html       | 6 +++---
 .../es/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../working_with_select_elements/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/tags/index.html                          | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html           | 6 +++---
 .../es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html          | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/index.html                     | 6 +++---
 .../js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html        | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/index.html            | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html   | 6 +++---
 .../es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/waits/index.html               | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/index.html         | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/index.html      | 6 +++---
 .../es/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html            | 6 +++---
 .../es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html     | 6 +++---
 documentation/es/worst_practices/index.html               | 6 +++---
 .../es/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../es/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html     | 6 +++---
 .../es/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html         | 6 +++---
 .../worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html  | 6 +++---
 documentation/fr/404.html                                 | 2 +-
 documentation/fr/categories/index.html                    | 6 +++---
 documentation/fr/contributing/index.html                  | 6 +++---
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 .../driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html  | 6 +++---
 .../fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html | 8 ++++----
 documentation/fr/front_matter/index.html                  | 6 +++---
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 .../fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html          | 6 +++---
 .../third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html            | 6 +++---
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 .../generating_application_state/index.html               | 6 +++---
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 .../working_with_select_elements/index.html               | 6 +++---
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 documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html           | 6 +++---
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diff --git a/documentation/de/404.html b/documentation/de/404.html
index de573fd73a38..e1e4525f77d6 100644
--- a/documentation/de/404.html
+++ b/documentation/de/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Fehler</h1><p></p><p>Huch. Diese Seite scheint nicht zu existieren ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de>Gehe zur Homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Fehler</h1><p></p><p>Huch. Diese Seite scheint nicht zu existieren ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de>Gehe zur Homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/categories/index.html b/documentation/de/categories/index.html
index 066ccb25ad9b..5790d5041c40 100644
--- a/documentation/de/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/contributing/index.html b/documentation/de/contributing/index.html
index 1390ff7f1bbc..99dfac5f3691 100644
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Mitwirken bei der Selenium Website & Dokumentation :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239576></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@
 integrate it on the repository&rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a
 linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase
 your branch history.</p><h2 id=communication>Communication</h2><p>All details on how to communicate with the project contributors
-and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/contributing/>“Mitwirken bei der Selenium Website & Dokumentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/contributing/>“Mitwirken bei der Selenium Website & Dokumentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239576></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239576></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239576></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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index 7c71498c5505..0427bf61776c 100644
--- a/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239576></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -663,5 +663,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver spezifische Capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Allgemeine capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver spezifische Capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Allgemeine capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index 1334c7f45966..4a22d1201e51 100644
--- a/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Eigenheiten der Driver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Eigenheiten der Driver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=eigenheiten-der-driver>Eigenheiten der Driver</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Eigenheiten der Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Rasterendpunkte><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Allgemeine capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Eigenheiten der Driver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=eigenheiten-der-driver>Eigenheiten der Driver</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Eigenheiten der Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Rasterendpunkte><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Allgemeine capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index af0e67c2f084..7247f41b4ca3 100644
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+++ b/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231145></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Allgemeine capabilities :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239576 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239576></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -150,5 +150,5 @@
 strikte Methode für Eingabefelder die das Tag <em>input type=file</em> haben
 angewandt wird. Die strike Methode ist standardmäßig nicht aktiv.
 Das Verhalten hat sich disbezüglich geändert wenn die <em>Element Send Keys</em>
-Funktion auf versteckte Dateiuploads Kontrollfelder angewandt wird.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Allgemeine capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Eigenheiten der Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver spezifische Capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Funktion auf versteckte Dateiuploads Kontrollfelder angewandt wird.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Allgemeine capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Eigenheiten der Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver spezifische Capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239576></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239576></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239576></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239576 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239576></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index d54f53af64f6..07883a79c46d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239576></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239576></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1288,5 +1288,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright und Unterstützung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/ title=Hinweise><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographische Richtlinien" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright und Unterstützung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/ title=Hinweise><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographische Richtlinien" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/de/front_matter/index.html
index cc3ff49b15c3..9d8b7eb1d143 100644
--- a/documentation/de/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Hinweise :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Hinweise</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=hinweise>Hinweise</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/>“Hinweise”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver Server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Hinweise</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=hinweise>Hinweise</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/>“Hinweise”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver Server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 5fec7b42d087..82c6214f9add 100644
--- a/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231145></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Typographische Richtlinien :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -110,5 +110,5 @@
 jederzeit eingefügt werden sodass einzelne Inhalte getrennt werden.</p><p>Dadurch können diffs (Vergleiche zwischen zwei Dateien) sehr leicht
 gelesen und verglichen werden, vor allem dann wenn man git als
 Unterstützungwerkzeug verwendet.</p><p>Wir bestehen jedoch nicht darauf das alle Mitwirkenden dies auch
-anwenden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographische Richtlinien”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+anwenden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographische Richtlinien”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright und Unterstützung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/de/getting_started/index.html
index 1bea260b42a8..4ffa3e93e7e0 100644
--- a/documentation/de/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Erste Schritte :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link 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-die ersten Schritte zu bewältigen.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurzeinführung</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>“Erste Schritte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/ title="Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+die ersten Schritte zu bewältigen.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurzeinführung</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>“Erste Schritte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/ title="Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/index.html
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--- a/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@
 Das Starten der Tests findet lokal statt,
 die automatische Ausführung serverseitig.</p><p>Sollen erstellte WebDriver-Tests in mehreren
 Browsern und Betriebssystemen ausgeführt werden,
-kann dafür <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/>Grid</a></em> genutzt werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>“Kurze Einführung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/ title=Einführung style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+kann dafür <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/>Grid</a></em> genutzt werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>“Kurze Einführung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/ title=Einführung style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 0e9427e1a20f..708a5430ede8 100644
--- a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231145></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Browsers :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/>Erste Schritte mit WebDriver</a> > Browsers</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#endverbraucher-browser>Endverbraucher Browser</a></li><li><a href=#spezielle-browser>Spezielle Browser</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Browsers</h1><h2 id=endverbraucher-browser>Endverbraucher Browser</h2><p>Folgende Browser werden offiziell vom Selenium Framework unterstützt:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Wartungsverantwortlich</th><th>Unterstützte Versionen</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>Alle Versionen</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 und neuer</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 und neuer</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 und neuer</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 und neuer</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 und neuer</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=spezielle-browser>Spezielle Browser</h2><p>Es gibt einige spezielle Browsers die üblicherweise nur im Zuge von
 Projektentwicklungen eingesetzt werden.
 Diese Browser können auch für automationszwecke genutzt werden,
-für folgende Browser werden unterstützt:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver Name</th><th>Verwendungszweck</th><th>Wartungsverantwortlich</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser Emulator gewartet von Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Erste Schritte mit WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+für folgende Browser werden unterstützt:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver Name</th><th>Verwendungszweck</th><th>Wartungsverantwortlich</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser Emulator gewartet von Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Erste Schritte mit WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index 23ba56a9dab8..43bedfc62774 100644
--- a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Erste Schritte mit WebDriver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
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@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 Browserbackends einheitlich und browser- als auch plattform-unabhängig
 zu automatisieren.</p><p>Weitere Details zu den drivers können unter
 <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Eigenheiten</a>
-aufgerufen werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Erste Schritte mit WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Standalone Server installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+aufgerufen werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Erste Schritte mit WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Standalone Server installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index edd326f7c3f5..06871af88d75 100644
--- a/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 lizenziert sind. Einige dieser Plugins sind unter anderen freien oder Opensource-Lizenzen
 veröffentlicht wurden. Manche sind auch unter einer propritären Lizenz veröffentlicht.
 Jegliche Fragen über Plugins oder deren Lizenzen müssen an den verantwortlichen Hersteller
-gerichtet werden.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Neuerste Version</th><th>Änderungshistorie</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+gerichtet werden.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Neuerste Version</th><th>Änderungshistorie</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 69af642f3b53..dfb6bc94f635 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231145></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231145></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Komponenten :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes.
 A node on Windows might have the capability of
 offering Internet Explorer as a browser option,
-whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Aufsetzen eines Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Aufsetzen eines Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 288e26e042f5..23d69592f855 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Einsatz eines Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Einsatz eines Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index a96884c5f40f..de59f0d16c8d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -225,5 +225,5 @@
 both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found
 within the <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>
 repository.</p><h3 id=prerequisite>Prerequisite</h3><p>The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working.
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Aufsetzen eines Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Aufsetzen eines Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 615e2a78da46..b755a4083e0f 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Erweiterte Funktionen :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Erweiterte Funktionen</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Erweiterte Funktionen</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Diese Seite wird von Englisch
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-up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Erweiterte Funktionen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=Konfigurationshilfe><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Beobachtbarkeit style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Erweiterte Funktionen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=Konfigurationshilfe><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Beobachtbarkeit style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 192c46711ce7..89d8fdc6cb91 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Beobachtbarkeit :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231145 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@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Beobachtbarkeit”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Erweiterte Funktionen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Beobachtbarkeit”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Erweiterte Funktionen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
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--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Komponenten :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=Aufsetzen style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=Aufsetzen style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 9371b3632066..0bbc40f02e0f 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231145></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231145></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Konfigurationshilfe :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Konfigurationshilfe”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Komponenten konfigurieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Erweiterte Funktionen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Konfigurationshilfe”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Komponenten konfigurieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Erweiterte Funktionen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 9496350edab4..f42bc220fa93 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Komponenten konfigurieren :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite
 zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Komponenten konfigurieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=Aufsetzen><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=Konfigurationshilfe style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Komponenten konfigurieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=Aufsetzen><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=Konfigurationshilfe style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index 167505264b1b..0dec8b65d871 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>GraphQL querying support :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -184,5 +184,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Beobachtbarkeit><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Rasterendpunkte style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Beobachtbarkeit><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Rasterendpunkte style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index ec36b9615380..472a99ca5203 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Rasterendpunkte :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Rasterendpunkte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Eigenheiten der Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Rasterendpunkte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Eigenheiten der Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/index.html
index cc397c41dbfc..d9088da916c2 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase
 the previous version had.</p><p>Grid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order
 to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.</p><p>To get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set
-up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Aufsetzen eines Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Aufsetzen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Komponenten konfigurieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Aufsetzen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Komponenten><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Komponenten konfigurieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/index.html
index e1c5cbec1dd6..785aeed5fff3 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link Suche"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link Suche"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 44c3dcd2d76e..7bf09ee4014d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Einsatz eines Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231145></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231145></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231145></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231145 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231145></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Einsatz eines Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index 65c071fade74..6b5967965b30 100644
--- a/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Einsatz eines Grid :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@
 parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.</p><p>Grid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow
 multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as
 this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and
-support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Einsatz eines Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Einsatz eines Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index 2eca3dc14706..46fadc56cb6a 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests
 pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.</p></li><li><p>Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another
 test e.g. invalid order records.</p></li><li><p>Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation
-and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Detailiertes Reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Unabhängige Tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Detailiertes Reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Unabhängige Tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index 0f34fa4f4854..b1dba1b6328b 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -155,5 +155,5 @@
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Unabhängige Tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Neuer Browser pro Test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Unabhängige Tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Neuer Browser pro Test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 2b5156708e32..617947fadcd3 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
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@@ -154,5 +154,5 @@
 done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things
 the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests
 should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go
-about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domänenspezifische Sprache”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="'Page object' Modell"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domänenspezifische Sprache”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="'Page object' Modell"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 1efc32bb325b..77fb3d575899 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Neuer Browser pro Test :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 sollte zumindest ein neuer WebDriver für jeden Test instanziert werden.
 Firefox sollte den WebDriver mit einem definierten Profil gestartet werden.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Neuer Browser pro Test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/ title="Wie man es nicht machen sollte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Neuer Browser pro Test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/ title="Wie man es nicht machen sollte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index a604a218e3cb..8985901e36ca 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a
 cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for
 testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously,
-existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domänenspezifische Sprache"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mocken von externen Services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domänenspezifische Sprache"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mocken von externen Services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index ed70d6e4a66f..437e883aae03 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 Continuous Integration (CI) Umgebung wie Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc.
 zu importieren.
 Folgend ein paar Links zu weiterführenden Informationen zu den
-Reports für unterschiedliche Programmiersprachen.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Detailiertes Reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mocken von externen Services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Reports für unterschiedliche Programmiersprachen.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Detailiertes Reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mocken von externen Services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Anleitungen und Empfehlungen :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 erleichtern. Allerdings kann Selenium nicht dabei helfen gut aufgebaute Testsuiten
 zu schreiben. In diesem Kapitel haben wir Ratschläge, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen
 zusammengefasst, zur funktionalen Automatisierung von Webseiten.</p><p>Dieses Kapitel verwendet viele bewährte Software-Patterns die sich für viele
-Selenium Nutzer als erfolgreich erwiesen haben.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Anleitungen und Empfehlungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver Client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="'Page object' Modell" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Selenium Nutzer als erfolgreich erwiesen haben.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Anleitungen und Empfehlungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver Client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="'Page object' Modell" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index bb659809c8b1..63c742d5c566 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/>Anleitungen und Empfehlungen</a> > Mocken von externen Services</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Mocken von externen Services</h1><p><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Diese Seite wird von Englisch
 auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite
 zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div>Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve
-the speed and stability of your tests.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Mocken von externen Services”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Detailiertes Reporting" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+the speed and stability of your tests.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Mocken von externen Services”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Detailiertes Reporting" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
index 4801abcf027e..cb8b11fe3ac6 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>'Page object' Modell :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231146 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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>'Page object' Modell :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -238,5 +238,5 @@
 beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the
 concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As
 was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the
-reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“'Page object' Modell”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Anleitungen und Empfehlungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domänenspezifische Sprache" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“'Page object' Modell”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Anleitungen und Empfehlungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domänenspezifische Sprache" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index f615368acaa8..2bd8abee3457 100644
--- a/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Unabhängige Tests :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the
 other test after publishing.</p><p>Instead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off
 within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However,
-for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Unabhängige Tests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Unabhängige Tests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/index.html b/documentation/de/index.html
index 3c5508d1354f..39ef9233ed12 100644
--- a/documentation/de/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 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16.7a.32.32.0 01-.47.0l-5.36-5.53a.32.32.0 010-.4l1.77-2.27a.32.32.0 01.52.0l3 3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -230,5 +230,5 @@
 Du solltest mit der <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung</a> fortsetzen
 um die Installation zu verstehen und um Selenium erfolgreich einzusetzen, Testsets in größeren
 Umfang einzusetzen auf vielen verschiedenen Browsern und unterschiedlichen Betriebssystemen.</p><h2 id=erste-schritte>Erste Schritte</h2><p>Wenn Selenium für Dich Neuland ist, haben wir hier ein paar Quellen die Dir weiterhelfen
-möglichst schnell beginnen zu können.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+möglichst schnell beginnen zu können.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/index.json b/documentation/de/index.json
index acbc100a08b6..0e1570adb7bc 100644
--- a/documentation/de/index.json
+++ b/documentation/de/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"&#39;Page object&#39; Modell","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Allgemeine capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um eine neue Sitzung mit dem Selenium WebDriver zu erstellen, ist es notwendig das die Grundlegenden capabilites zur Verfügung gestellt werden.\nDas Zielsystem benutzt dabei die gleichen Einstellungen in den capabilities um eine Sitzung zu erstellen und ermöglich Details dieser Sitzung abzufragen.\nWebDriver stellt capabilites zur Verfügung und jeder Adapter sollte diese Implementierung unterstützen. Folgende capabilites werden von WebDriver unterstützt:\nbrowserName: Diese Capability wird verwendet um den browserName für eine Sitzung zu definieren. Ist der Browser auf dem Zielsystem nicht installiert, schlägt die Erstellung der Sitzung fehl.\nbrowserVersion: Diese capability ist optional, sie dient dazu die Version des Webbrowsers am Zielsystem zu definieren. Wird versucht eine Sitzung z.B. mit Chrome in der Version 75 zu initialisieren, auf dem lediglich Version 80 installiert ist, wird dies fehlschlagen.\nStrategien das Websitenladehaltens betreffend (pageLoadingStrategy) Standarmäßig wartet Selenium bis eine Seite vollständig geladen ist wenn zu einer neuen Seiten via URL navigiert wird. Dies funktioniert wunderbar für Anfänger, kann jedoch lange Wartezeiten verursachen, für Webseiten die mehrere Drittanbieter Ressourcen beinhalten. Dies kann jedoch in einem solchen Fall beschleunigt werden, wenn nicht die Standardstrategie verwendet wird. Jedoch können dadurch die Tests instabil werden, da Elemente auf der Website sowohl die Position, als auch die Größe, während des Ladens verändern können.\nDie definierte Wartestrategie prüft den document.readyState wie in der Tabelle angeführt:\n   Strategie Status Bemerkung     normal komplett Standardwert, wartet bis alle Ressourcen geladen wurden   eager interaktiv DOM Zugriff ist bereit, allerdings können andere Elemente wie Bilder noch unvollständig geladen sein   none beliebig Blockiert den WebDriver gar nicht    platformName Dient zur Definition des Betriebssystems am Zielsystem. Wird die capability abgefragt erhält man den Namen des Betriebssystems.\nAuf cloud-basierten Systemen wird mittels platformName das Betriebssystem des Zielsystems definiert.\nacceptInsecureCerts Diese capability legt fest ob abgelaufene oder ungültige TLS Certificate verwendet werden benutzt werden können.\nWenn die capability den Wert false gesetzt hat, wird ein insecure certificate error als Rückgabewert geliefert falls Domain Zertifikatsprobleme auftauchen. Ist der Wert auf true gesetzt, werden ungültige Zertifikate vom Webbrowser akzeptiert.\nAllen selbstsignierten Zertifikaten werden standardmässig vertraut mit dieser capability. Ist die capability acceptInsecureCerts gesetzt, hat dies für die gesamte Sitzung Auswirkungen.\nSitzungstimeouts (Session timeouts) Einer WebDriver session ist ein bestimmtes session timeout Intervall zugeordnet, während diesem kann der Benutzer kontrollieren ob Scripts ausgeführen werden oder Informationen vom Webbrowser empfangen werden sollen.\nJedes Session Timeout is mittels einer Kombination der folgenden unterschiedlichen timeouts definiert:\nScript Timeout: Spezifiziert wann die Ausführung eines Scriptes im aktuellen Browserkontext abgebrochen werden soll. Standardmäßig ist das Timeout auf 30 Sekunden festgelegt und wird festgelegt sobald eine neue Sitzung des WebDrivers erstellt wird.\nSeitenlade Timeout: Damit wird die Zeitspanne festgelegt in dem die Webseite geladen werden muss im aktuellen Webbrowser Kontext. Der Standardwert liegt bei 300 Sekunden und wird beim Erstellen einer WebDriver Sitzung festgelegt. Wird das festgelegte Zeitfenster überschritten wird das Script mit einer TimeoutException gestoppt.\nImpliziertes Wait Timeout Spezifiziert die Zeitspanne die gewartet wird um bei der implizierten Suche nach Elementen. Der Standard Wert ist 0 und wird festgelegt bei der Initialisierung des WebDrivers.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Legt den Status der aktullen Sitzung fest user prompt handler. Standardwert ist dismiss and notify state (=Verwerfen und Status melden)\nunhandledPromptBehaviour Definiert welche Aktion wenn eine Anfrage auf dem Zielsystem eine Aktion erfordert. Dies wird mittels unhandledPromptBehavior capability definiert und hat einen der folgenden Stati:\n dismiss (=verwerfen) accept (=akzeptieren) dismiss and notify (=verwerfen und benachrichtigen) accept and notify (=akzeptieren und benachrichtigen) ignore (=ignorieren)  setWindowRect Mit Hilfe dieses Kommandos wird die Größe und die Position des Webbrowserfensters verändert. Der Befehl agiert als setter für getWindowRect und hat als Parameter breite, höhe, x, y als optionale Parameter.\nWährend der Automatisierung, wird der aktuelle Webbrowserkontext mit Status des Fensters assoziert, welcher die Sichtbarkeit des Webbrowserfensters beschreibt. Folgende Statis des Fensters gibt es:\n maximized (= maximiert) minimized (= minimiert) normal fullscreen (=Vollbild)  Allerdings kann das festlegen der Breite oder Höhe des Fensters nicht garantieren das dieses die exakte Größe aufweist. Grund dafür ist, dass manche driver es nicht ermöglichen Größenänderungen für einzelne Pixel vorzunehmen. Dadurch können auch Ungenauigkeiten beim Abrufen der Fensterdetails mit getWindowRect auftreten, wenn diese Werte zuvor gesetzt wurden.\nstrictFileInteractability Mit dieser neuen Capability kann festgelegt werden ob die strikte Methode für Eingabefelder die das Tag input type=file haben angewandt wird. Die strike Methode ist standardmäßig nicht aktiv. Das Verhalten hat sich disbezüglich geändert wenn die Element Send Keys Funktion auf versteckte Dateiuploads Kontrollfelder angewandt wird.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Bibliotheken installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Zu Beginn ist es notwendig das die Selenium Bindings für Dein Automationsprojekt installiert werden. Der Installationsprozess ist von der gewählten Programmiersprache abhängig.\nJava Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für Java kann mit Hilfe von Maven erfolgen. Füge in Deinem Projekt in die pom.xml die selenium-java dependecy hinzu.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Mit der selenium-java dependency ist es möglich Tests laufen zu lassen in allen von Selenium unterstützen Browsern. Falls Du Test nur in einem spezifischen Browser ausführen möchtest, ist es möglich auch nur die dependecy für den gewählten Browser in der pom.xml hinzuzufügen.\nWenn Du zum Beispiel Tests nur in Firefox ausführen möchtest, füge folgende dependecy in die pom.xml hinzu:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Analog wenn Du die Tests nur in Chrome ausführen möchtest, musst Du folgende dependecy hinzufügen:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken for Phython can mittels pip erfolgen:\npip install selenium Alternativ kannst Du den PyPI Quellcode (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) downloaden und diesen mittels steup.py installieren:\npython setup.py install C# Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für C# kann mittels NuGet erfolgen:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Die Selenium Bibliotheken für Ruby können mittels gem installiert werden:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für JavaScript kann mit npm durchgeführt werden:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Da es noch keine Implementierung für Kotlin gibt, müssen die Java Bibliothken verwendet werden, diese können analg zu Java mittels maven eingebunden werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Endverbraucher Browser Folgende Browser werden offiziell vom Selenium Framework unterstützt:\n   Browser Wartungsverantwortlich Unterstützte Versionen     Chrome Chromium Alle Versionen   Firefox Mozilla 54 und neuer   Edge Microsoft 84 und neuer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 und neuer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 und neuer   Safari Apple 10 und neuer    Spezielle Browser Es gibt einige spezielle Browsers die üblicherweise nur im Zuge von Projektentwicklungen eingesetzt werden. Diese Browser können auch für automationszwecke genutzt werden, für folgende Browser werden unterstützt:\n   Driver Name Verwendungszweck Wartungsverantwortlich     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser Emulator gewartet von Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n CAPTCHA, short for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try! There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:\n Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright und Unterstützung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Die Dokumentation von Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nDiese Dokumentation wurde mit größter Sorgfalt erstellt, so vollständig und genau wie möglich. Jedoch kann keine Garantie für dessen Vollständigkeit übernommen werden. Alle bereitgestellten Informationen erfolgen ohne Gewähr. Die Autoren und der Herausgeber übernehmen keine Haftung oder Verantwortung gegenüber Personen oder Organisationen im Bezug auf entstehende Verluste oder Schäden die aus den Informationen dieser Website. 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flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @andreastt197 commits  @selenium-ci105 commits  @diemol54 commits  @hazmeister30 commits  @santiycr27 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @lukeis21 commits  @harsha50917 commits  @ddavison16 commits  @davehunt12 commits  @manoj978812 commits  @orieken12 commits  @djangofan12 commits  @liushilive8 commits  @User2534897 commits  @jimholmes6 commits  @imba-tjd6 commits  @mmerrell6 commits  @shs96c6 commits  @picimako5 commits  @vijay445 commits  @cambiph5 commits  @nvonop4 commits  @rivlinp4 commits  @sheg4 commits  @bizob28284 commits  @detro3 commits  @Ardesco3 commits  @TheTestLynx3 commits  @boris7792 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @juperala2 commits  @lmtierney2 commits  @systemboogie2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @sri852 commits  @hoanluu2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  @paul-barton2 commits  @adithyab941 commits  @alenros1 commits  @p0deje1 commits  @AJ-721 commits  @abotalov1 commits  @bhardin1 commits  @chamiz1 commits  @dennybiasiolli1 commits  @donhuvy1 commits  @bongosway1 commits  @nicegraham1 commits  @f97gujo1 commits  @austenjt1 commits  @kmcgon1 commits  @MartinDelille1 commits  @michael-coleman1 commits  @misiekofski1 commits  @MilanMasek1 commits  @rakib-amin1 commits  @NRezek1 commits  @nikai3d1 commits  @OndraM1 commits  @sourabhkt1 commits  @whhone1 commits  @yarix1 commits  @ZbigniewZabost1 commits  @agmen1 commits  @hking-shutterfly1 commits  @jimevans1 commits  @9484624481 commits  @marilyn1 commits  @riccione1 commits  @tungla1 commits  @zeljkofilipin1 commits   Drittanbieter Software die vom Selenium Dokumentationsprojekt genutzt wird:    Software Version License     Hugo v0.66.0 Apache 2.0   Hugo Learn Theme v2.5.0 MIT   Code Tabs Style \u0026mdash; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium steuert Webbrowsers Selenium , ist vieles, aber im Kern ist es eine Sammlung von Werkzeugen um Webbrowser zu automatisieren. Es nutzt die besten Mechanismen die verfügbar sind um Browserinstanzen zu steuern und Benutzereingaben zu simulieren.\nEs ermöglicht Aktionen von Benutzern zu simulieren; Texteingaben, Auswahl von Optionen in Drop-Downs, aktivieren von Checkboxen und anklicken von Links auf Webseiten. Es ermöglicht auch viele andere Möglichkeiten wie zum Beispiel Mausbewegungen, beliebige JavaScript Codeausführungen und vieles mehr.\nIn erster Linie wird Selenium für Front-End Testen von Websiten verwendet. Selenium ist im Grunde eine \u0026lsquo;user agent\u0026rsquo; Bibliothek. Es stehen Schnittstellen zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen mit anderen Bibliotheken zu kommunizieren um Deinen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden.\nEin Interface für sämtliche Anforderungen Ein Leitsatz des Projektes ist es eine Schnittstelle zur Verfügung zu stellen um alle (relevanten) Browser zu unterstützen. Webbrowser sind sehr komplexe und hoch entwickelte Applikationen. Das Ausführen von Aktionen funktioniert in jedem Browser anders, auch wenn der sichtbare Teil der Aktionen bei allen gleich aussieht. Obwohl Texte mit der gleichen Schriftart gerendert werden, Bilder an der gleichen Stelle dargestellt werden und Links auf die gleichen Ziele verweisen. Was im Hintergrund passiert ist so unterschiedlich wie Tag und Nacht. Selenium \u0026ldquo;abstrahiert\u0026rdquo; diese Unterschiede und verbirgt diese Details und Feinheiten vor der Person die den Programmcode schreibt. Dadurch wird ermöglicht Programmcode zu schreiben der einen komplexen Workflow abbildet und dann auf Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome und allen anderen unterstützen Browsern lauffähig sind.\nWerkzeuge und Support Dieser minimalistische Designansatz verleiht Selenium die Vielseitigkeit, um als Komponenten in größeren Applikationen eingesetzt zu werden. Weitere Werkzeuge die unter der Schirmherrschaft von Selenium stehen bieten Werkzeuge um grid of browsers zu erstellen. Somit können Tests auf unterschiedlichen Browsern und unterschiedlichen Betriebssystemen verteilt auf mehrere Rechner ausgeführt werden.\nStell Dir vor mehrere Computer in Deinem Serverraum oder Datencenter starten gleichzeitig ihre Browser, klicken den Link zu Deiner Webseite, Formulare und Tabellen; Testen Deine Applikation rund um die Uhr. Auf Grund des simplen Programminterface welches für die meist genutzten Programmiersprachen zur Verfügung gestellt wird, können diese Tests unermüdlich parallel laufen und falls Fehler auftreten werden diese gemeldet.\nUm dieses Ziel zu erreichen ist es unser Ziel, Dich dahingehend mit Werkzeugen und Dokumentation zu unterstützen um nicht nur den Browser zu steuern, sondern auch damit Du ein solches skalierendes Grid einfach in Betrieb nehmen kannst.\nWer benutzt Selenium Viele große Firmen auf der ganzen Welt verwenden Selenium um ihre Browsertests zu realisieren, oft nachdem jahrelanger Aufwand für propritäre Werkzeuge aufgewendet wurde. Mit der wachsenden Popularität sind auch die Anforderungen und Herausforderungen gestiegen.\nDie Komplexität von Webseiten nimmt ständig zu und neue Technologien werden zu diesen fortlaufend hinzugefügt. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es wenn möglich Schritt zu halten mit der Entwicklung des Web. Da dies ein Opensource Projekt ist, ist es abhängig von all den Freiwilligen die in Ihrer Freizeit das Projekt unterstützen.\nEin weiteres Ziel des Projektes ist es, weitere Freiwillige zu ermutigen sich aktiv an den Projekt zu beteiligen, die Community zu stärken, so dass das Projekt mit neuen Technologien Schritt halten kann. Auf diese Weise kann es weiterhin als eine der führenden Plattformen für funktionale Testautomatisierung etabliert werden.\nGeschichte 2014 wurde Selenium 1 veröffentlich, mit dem Ziel, die Dauer zu verkürzen, die benötigt wird, konsistentes Verhalten der Benutzeroberfläche einer Webapplikation zu prüfen. Es wurden verfügbaren Werkzeuge benutzt, und realisiert wurde dies mit Hilfe von JavaScript, welches auf der zu testenden Webseite eingefügt wurde, um Benutzereingaben zu simulieren.\nJavaScript ist eine gutes Werkzeug um sich die Eigenschaften des DOM näher zu betrachten, die sonst nur schwer möglich sind, jedoch eignet es sich nicht dazu um realistisches Verhalten von Benutzereingaben zu simulieren, vor allem wenn Tastatur oder Maus verwendet werden sollen.\nSeitdem ist Selenium stark gewachsen und hat sich weiterentwickelt, in ein Werkzeug das von vielen —wenn nicht sogar von den meisten—der größten Organisationen weltweit verwendet wird. Selenium hat sich von einem selbstgebastelten Testautomatisierungswerkzeug, das bei Thoughtworks entwickelt wurde, für einen ganz speziellen Anwendungsfall zur de facto Bibliothek für Browserautomation entwickelt, weltweit.\nSo wie Selenium RC die damals zur Verfügung stehenden Werkzeuge nutze, führt Selenium WebDriver die Tradition fort, indem die Verantwortung für den Teil der Browserinteraktion an die Hersteller dieser übergeben wird. In jüngster Vergangenheit hat sich daraus der W3C Standardisierungsprozess abgeleitet, mit dem Ziel das die WebDriver Komponenten in Selenium in eine du jour Steuerungsbibliothek für Useragents wandelt.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Erklärung der Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um eine Testsuite mit Hilfe des WebDrivers zu erstellen, ist es notwendig verschiedeneste Komponenten des WebDrivers zu verstehen und richtig einzusetzten. Wie bei fast allen in der Softwareentwicklung, gibt es viele Lösungsmöglichkeiten um eine Idee umzusetzten. Folgend ein paar Begriffsdefinitionen die in der Beschreibung genutzt werden.\nBegriffsdefinitionen  API: Application Programming Interface (= Programmschnittstelle). Beschreibt eine Sammlung von Kommandos, die verwendet werden um den WebDriver zu konfigurieren. Bibliothek: (= Libary) Ein Modul welches die APIs und den erforderlichen Programmcode beinhaltet, der notwendig ist für die Implementierung der Schnittstellen. Die Bibliotheken sind programmiersprachenspezifisch, z.B. .jar Dateien für Java, .dll Dateien für .NET, etc. Driver: Der Driver ist verantwortlich für das Steuern des Browsers. Die meisten WebDriver werden von den Browserherstellern selbst erstellt. Driver sind die ausführen Module die auf dem gleichen System ausgeführt werden auf denen der Browser gestartet wird, nicht auf den Systemen auf denen die Testsuiten laufen. (Natürlich kann das auch auf dem gleichen System ausgeführt werden.) Bemerkung: Manche bezeichnen den Driver als Proxy. Framework: Eine zusätzliche Bibliothek die als Unterstützung für WebDriver Suites dient. Diese Bibliotheken entsprechen Testframeworks sowie JUnit oder NUnit. Weiters existieren Frameworks die mit naürlicher Sprache Anforderungen beschreiben wie z.B. Cucumber oder Robotium. Frameworks können auch für Tätigkeiten wie z.B. Konfiguration des Testsystems, für Datenmanipulationen, als Testorakel, etc. verwendet werden.  Die einzelnen Komponenten im Detail Der WebDriver kommuniziert mit dem Browser zumindest mit Hilfe des Drivers. Die Kommunikation erfolgt bidirektional: Der WebDriver sendet die Kommandos an den Browser, mit Hilfe des Drivers und erhält Informationen zurück über den gleichen Weg.\nDer Driver is browserspezifisch, z.B. der ChromeDriver ist für Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, der GeckoDriver für Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. verantwortlich. Der Driver wird auf dem selben System wie der Browser ausgeführt. Dies kann aber muss nicht das gleiche System sein, auf dem die Tests ausgeführt werden.\nDas einfache Beispiel weiter oben zeigt eine direkte Kommunikation. Die Kommunikation zum Browser kann auch über eine remote Verbindung mit einem Selenium Server oder einem RemoteWebDriver erfolgen. Der RemoteWebDriver läuft am selben System wie der Driver und der Browser.\nDie remote Kommunikation kann ebenfalls mit Hilfe eines Selenium Servers oder einem Selenium Grid realisiert werden. Beide Möglichkeiten kommunizieren mit dem driver auf dem Zielsystem (=host).\nEinbinden eines Frameworks Der WebDriver hat einen einzigen Job: Kommunikation mit dem Browser mittels WebDriver, egal welche der oben beschriebenen Wege genutzt wird. WebDriver selbst hat keine Testfunktionen: Dieser kann nicht Werte vergleichen, feststellen ob ein Test ok ist oder fehlschlägt und er besitzt keine Funktionen bezüglich Reporting oder kennt auch nicht die Angenommen/Wenn/Dann Grammatik.\nDas ist der Punkt an dem verschiedenste Frameworks ins Spiel kommen. Zumindest ist es notwendig ein Testframework für die entsprechende Programmiersprache zu verwenden wie z.B. NUnit für .NET, JUnit für Java, RSpec für Ruby, etc.\nDas Testframework ist verwantwortlich für die Ausführung des WebDrivers und der entsprechenden Schritte in den Tests. Eine schematische Darstellung ist in der folgenden Grafik zu finden.\nFrameworks oder Tools die natürliche Sprache verwenden wie z.B. Cucucmber können in ein solches Testframework eingebunden werden wie in der Grafik dargestellt ist, oder sie können eine eigene Implementierung anbieten und ein anderes Testframework wrappen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/","title":"Erste Schritte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Erste Schritte Falls Du Anfänger bist haben wir hier einige Hilfeseiten die Dir helfen die ersten Schritte zu bewältigen.\n Kurzeinführung  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Konfigurationshilfe","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/","title":"Kurze Einführung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium ist nicht ein einzelnes Tool oder eine API, es besteht aus mehreren Tools\nWebDriver Startest Du mit dem automatisieren von Websiten, dann wirst Du die WebDriver APIs verwenden. WebDriver verwendet die von den Browsern Herstellern zur Verfügung gestellten APIs um den Browser zu steuern und Test auszuführen. Die Ausführung simuliert einen echten Benutzer. Da der WebDriver eigenständig ist und nicht mit der Applikation kompiliert werden muss, handelt es sich um eine minimal invasive Methode. Es kann exakt die Applikation getestet werden die später veröffentlicht wird.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment = Entwicklungsumgebung) ist ein Werkzeug um Seleniumtests zu erstellen. Es ist eine einfach zu handhabende Erweiterung für Chrome und Firefox und in der Regel ist dies die effizienteste Weg um Testfälle zu erstellen. Benutzerinteraktionen werden aufgezeichnet mit Hilfe von bestehenden Selenium Befehlen. Diese werden mit den entsprechenden Parametern versehen. Das ist nicht nur zeitsparend sondern auch ein guter Weg um sich mit der Seleniumsyntax vertraut zu machen.\nGrid Mit Selenium Grid können Tests auf verschiedenen Maschinen auf unterschiedlichen Plattformen ausgeführt werden. Das Starten der Tests findet lokal statt, die automatische Ausführung serverseitig.\nSollen erstellte WebDriver-Tests in mehreren Browsern und Betriebssystemen ausgeführt werden, kann dafür Grid genutzt werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding javascript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n  Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Arbeiten mit Farben","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vielleicht möchten Sie im Rahmen Ihrer Tests die Farbe von etwas überprüfen. Das Problem ist, dass die Farbdefinitionen im Web nicht einheitlich sind. Wäre es nicht schön, wenn es einen einfachen Vergleich gäbe eine HEX-Darstellung einer Farbe mit einer RGB-Darstellung einer Farbe, oder eine RGBA-Darstellung einer Farbe mit der einer HSLA-Darstellung einer Farbe?\nMach dir keine Sorgen. Es gibt eine Lösung: die Color Klasse!\nZuerst müssen Sie die Klasse importieren:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Sie können nun mit dem Erstellen von Farbobjekten beginnen. Jedes Farbobjekt muss aus einem string erstellt werden der deine Farbe repräsentiert. Unterstützte Farbdarstellungen sind:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Die Color-Klasse unterstützt auch alle Basisfarbdefinitionen die spezifiziert sind in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Manchmal geben Browser den Farbwert \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; zurück wenn für ein Element keine Farbe festgelegt wurde. Die Color-Klasse unterstützt dies auch:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Sie können jetzt ein Element sicher abfragen um seine Farbe/Hintergrundfarbe zu erhalten, Mit dem Wissen, dass jede Antwort korrekt geparst wird und in ein gültiges Color-Objekt umgewandelt wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Anschließend können Sie Farbobjekte direkt vergleichen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nOder Sie können die Farbe in eines der folgenden Formate konvertieren und eine statische Validierung durchführen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Farben sind kein Problem mehr.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Aufsetzen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Aufsetzen eines Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Beobachtbarkeit","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Dateidownloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domänenspezifische Sprache","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver spezifische Capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definerte Capabilities in den FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions ist die neue Methode um Capabilities für den Firefoxbrowser zu definieren und sollte bevorzugt verwendet werden statt den DesiredCapabilities and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Erstellen eines benutzerdefinierten Profils Wie hier demonstriert ist es möglich ein benutzerdefiniertes Profil für Firefox zu erstellen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer Timeout betreffend Dateiupload Unter Umständen kann es vorkommen das der Internet Explorer in ein Timout läuft während der Dateiupload-Dialog geöffnet wird. Der IEDriver hat ein standardmässiges Timeout von 1000ms, jedoch dieses kann erhöht werden indem die capability mit dem Namen fileUploadDialogTimeout definiert wird.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Ist die Capability auf true gesetzt, wird der Cache, Browser History and Cookies für alle laufenden Instanzen des InternetExplorer inklusive aller die manuell oder vom WebDriver gestartet werden. Standardmäßig ist der Wert mit false vorbelegt.\nDie Verwendung dieser Capability führt zu Performanceeinbußen während des starten des Browsers, da der driver wartet bis der Cache geleert wird bevor der InternetExplorer gestartet wird.\nEs wird ein Wert vom Typ Boolean erwartet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting Der InternetExplorer erwartet das das Browser Zoomlevel auf 100% eingestellt ist, andernfalls wird eine Fehlermeldung (=Exception) ausgelöst. Dieses Standardverhalten kann deaktiviert werden in dem die Einstellung ignoreZoomSetting auf true gesetzt wird.\nDie Capability erwartet einen Booleanwert als Parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Legt fest ob die Prüfung des Protected Mode beim Starten einer neuen IE Sitzung übersprungen werden soll.\nDer driver löst eine Exception aus falls der Proteced Mode nicht definiert wurde oder nicht für alle Umgebungen gleich ist.\nWenn diese capability auf true gesetzt wird, können Tests instabil werden, bzw. kann der Browser abstürzen oder nicht reagieren. Diese Einstellung ist nicht zu bevorzugen und sollte nur als zweite Wahl genutzt werden. Mit Sicherheit sollte der Protected Mode für jede Zone immer manuell definiert werden. Falls jemand diese Einstellung nutzt kann kein umfassender Support garantiert werden.\nDie capability erwartet einen Booleanwert als Parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent Ist diese capability auf true gesetzt, werden alle Diagnosemeldungen des IEDriverServer unterdrückt.\nAls Parameter wird ein Booleanwert erwartet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Der Internet Explorer akzeptiert eine Reihe von Kommandozeilenparameter die die Fehlersuche erleichtern und um den Browser zu konfigurieren.\nFolgend sind einige der Kommandozeilenparameter angeführt\n  -private : Wird genutzt um den IE im Inkognitomodus zu starten. Diese Option wird ab IE Version 8 unterstützt.\n  -k : Startet den Internet Explorer im Kiosk Modus.\nDer Browser öffnet sich mit maximerten Fenster, indem die Navigationsleiste, das Adressfeld und die Statusbar verborgen sind.\n  -extoff : Startet den IE ohne Addons. Diese Option wird verwendet um Problemen mit Browser Addons vorzubeugen. Dies wird ab Version 7 unterstützt.\n  Bemerkung: forceCreateProcessApi sollte aktiviert werden damit die Kommandozeilenparameter unterstützt werden.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forciert beim Starten des Internet Explorers die Verwendung der CreateProcess API. Standardwert ist false (=deaktiviert).\nAb IE Version 8 ist für diese Einstellung es notwendig den \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; Wert auf 0 zu setzen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver Vorraussetzungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mit Hilfe des WebDrivers unterstützt Selenium alle wichtigen Webbrowser wie Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera und Safari. Wenn möglich wird der Browser mit Hilfe des integrierten Support für Automation gesteuert, nicht für alle Browser existiert diese Möglichkeit der externe Steuerung.\nDas Ziel von WebDriver ist es Interaktionen eines echten Benutzers so gut wie möglich mit dem Browser zu simulieren. Die unterschiedlichen Browser unterstützen dies in unterschiedlicher Weise. Mehr Details zu den unterschiedlichen Eigenheiten der Driver sind unter Eigenheiten der Driver zu finden.\nAlle Browser haben ein gemeinsames Interface um den Browser zu steuern, sie unterscheiden sich etwas beim Erstellen einer Browsersession. Die Driver-Implementierungen werden von Dritten bereitgestellt, daher sind diese nicht in Selenium enthalten.\nInstanzierung des Drivers, Profilmanagement und verschiedene spezifische Browser Einstellungen sind Beispiele für Parameter die unterschiedliche Werte haben können, abhängig von dem verwendeten Browser. Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt die Anforderungen, die notwendig sind, um die unterschiedlichen Browser zu starten.\nHinzufügen der ausführbaren Programme zum PATH Die meisten Driver benötigen ein eignes ausführbares Programm für Selenium um mit dem Browser zu kommunizieren. Eine Möglichkeit ist es, manuell festzulegen in welchem Ordner sich die ausführbaren Driver-Dateien befinden bevor der WebDriver gestartet wird, allerdings schränkt das die Portabilität ein, da sich die Dateien dann auf jedem Rechner im gleichen Ordner befinden müssen. Alternativ kann man die diese Dateien auch im Repository des Testcodes ablegen.\nWird der Ordner der die WebDriver Programme enthält dem Systempfad hinzugefügt, ist es für Selenium möglich die Driver Dateien zu finden ohne das im Testcode der exakte Ordner angegeben werden muss.\n Erstelle ein Verzeichnis in dem die ausführbaren Dateien (executeables) abgelegt werden wie z.B. C:\\WebDriver\\bin oder /opt/WebDriver/bin Füge das Verzeichnis der PATH - Variable hinzu:  Unter Windows - Öffne die Eingabeaufforderung als Administrator und führe folgenden Befehl aus um den Ordnerpfad dauerhaft der PATH Variable für alle Benutzer des Rechners hinzuzufügen:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Unter macOS und Linux führe in einem Terminal folgenden Befehl aus:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Nun können die Änderungen getestet werden. Schließe alle geöffneten Eingabebeaufforderungen bzw. Terminals und öffnen dieses erneut. Tippe nun den Namen eines Drivers, der zuvor in dem Ordner abgelegt wurden z.B.:\nchromedriver   Wenn der \u0026lsquo;PATH\u0026rsquo; korrekt konfiguriert ist, dann sollte eine ähnliche Meldung auf der Konsole wie folgt aussehen:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Mit Hilfe von Ctrl+C beendest Du den Driver und erlangst wieder Kontrolle über das Terminal.\nReferenzen    Browser Unterstützte Betriebssysteme Wartung Download Fehlerticketsystem     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan und neuere Apple Integriert Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Um Chrome oder Chromium zu steuern, muss der chromedriver downgeloaded werden und in einem Ordner gespeichert werden der sich im Systempfad befindet.\nUnter Linux oder macOS, muss die PATH Umgebungsvariable angepasst werden. Mit folgendem Kommando können die alle Ordner die der PATH-Variable bereits hinzugefügt wurden angezeigt werden (getrennt durch Beistriche):\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Um den chromedriver dem PATH hinzuzufügen, falls dies noch nicht geschehen ist, beachte das der Ordner dem PATH hinzugefügt werden muss. Der folgende Befehl fügt der PATH Umgebungsvariable den aktuellen Ordnerpfad hinzu (nach dem Doppelpunkt):\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Nachdem der chromedriver dem PATH hinzugefügt wurde ist es möglich das chromedriver Programm von jedem Ordner des Rechners zu starten. Um eine Chrome/Chromium Session zu instanzieren können folgende Codezeilen genutzt werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Zur Erinnerung: es ist notwendig chromedriver dem PATH hinzuzufügen, dies geschiet mit folgendem Befehl:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     Der chromedriver ist implementiert als WebDriver Remote Server, somit wird dem Browsers mitgeteilt welche Aktionen auszuführen sind, indem die interne Automationsschnittstelle bereitgestellt wird.\nFirefox Als Selenium 3 gestartet ist, hat Mozilla die Implementierung des Firefox Drivers mit dem geckodriver übernommen. Der neue Driver für Firefox wird geckodriver genannt und funktioniert ab Firefox Version 48. Da der Firefox WebDriver noch immer in Entwicklung ist, wird er laufend verbessert.\nDie aktuelle Standardmethode um Firefox zu starten ist mit Hilfe des geckodrivers, daher erfolgt die Instanzierung gleich wie mit Selenium 2.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Falls bevorzugt kann der Ordnerpfad statt mit Hilfe der PATH-Variable mit folgenden Programmzeilen definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Es ist auch möglich den Parameter via Kommandozeile zu übergeben:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Aktuell ist es möglich den älteren Firefox Driver zu nutzen, dieser ist hat mehr Funktionen, dafür ist es notwendig eine ältere Version von Firefox mit der Version 47.0.1 oder 45 ESR zu installieren. Weiters ist es notwendig die Eigenschaft marionette auf false zu setzen. Neuere Versionen von Firefox sind nicht kompatibel.\nEdge Edge ist Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s aktuellster Browser, der in Windows 10 und Server 2016 inkludiert ist. Updates für Edge sind in den Updates für Windows inkludiert, somit ist es notwendig den entsprechenden Driver downzuloaden, der kompatibel ist mit der installierten Windows Version (mit passender Buildnummer). Die Edge Entwickler Website] beinhaltet Links zu allen verfügbaren Edgedrivern. Bugs die den Edgedriver betreffen können bei Microsoft eingemeldet werden. Um Tests mit dem Edge laufen zu lassen ohne ein installiertes Windows 10 auf dem eigenen Rechner zu haben, bietet Microsoft freie VMs an, um den Edge Browser zu testen Edge VM Website.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Falls der Edge Driver nicht via PATH verfügbar ist, kann der Pfad auch mit Hilfe des Programmcodes definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Der Internet Explorer war Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s Standardbrowser bis Windows 10, trotzdem ist er ebenfalls in Windows 10 inkludiert. Der Internet Explorer Driver ist der einzige Driver der vom Selenium Projekt mit Releases versorgt wird Microsoft considers current. Ältere Releases können weiterhin funktionieren, werden jedoch offiziell nicht weiter unterstützt.\nDas Selenium-Projekt stellt die Driver für 32-bit und 64-bit Versionen des Internet Explorer zur Verfügung, es gibt jedoch einige Einschränkungen mit dem Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 mit dem 64-bit Driver, jeodch funktioniert die 32-bit Version des Drivers weiterhin. Zu Beachten ist, dass die Einstellungen im Benutzerprofil des aktuell eingeloggten Benutzers gespeichert werden. Weiters sind ein paar zusätzliche Einstellungen notwendig.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Falls der Internet Explorer Driver nicht im PATH vorhanden ist, kann dieser mittels Programmcode definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft bietet auch einen WebDriver für Internet Explorer 11 für Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1 an. Dieser wurde seit 2014 nicht mehr aktualisiert und basiert auf einer Entwurfsversion der W3 Spezifikation. Jim Evans hat eine exzellente Beschreibung über die Microsoft Implementierung verfasst.\nOpera Aktuelle Versionen des Operabrowsers basieren auf der Chromiumengine und WebDriver unterstützt fortan die nicht quelloffene Version des Opera Chromium Driver, die der PATH Variable hinzugefügt werden kann, oder als Umgebungsvariable.\nDie Instanzierung funktioniert analog zu Firefox und Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra und neuer:\n Führe den folgenden Befehl im Terminal aus und authorisiere die Ausführung beim ersten Mal mit dem Passwort.  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Aktiviere das Entwicklermenü in den Safari Einstellungen Prüfe die Allow Remote Automation Option in dem Entwicklermenü Führe folgenden Befehl im Terminal einmalig aus und authorisiere den WebDriver mit dem Paßwort  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Die Driver Session kann dann wie folgt gestartet werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Wenn eine Automation von Safari auf einem iOS Gerät gewünscht ist dann sollte das Appium Projekt näher betrachtet werden. Während Safari früher auch auf Windows verfügbar war, hat Apple vor längerem den Support dafür eingestellt.\nMock Browser HtmlUnit HtmlUnit ist ein Browser für Java Programmierer ohne Oberfläche. Dieser interpretiert HTML Dokumente und stellt Schnittstellen zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen Seiten aufzurufen, Formulare auszufüllen, Links zu klicken, etc. Er unterstützt auch JavaScript und kann auch mit AJAX Bibliotheken arbeiten indem Chrome, Firefox oder Internet Explorer simuliert wird abhängig welche Konfiguration genutzt wird. Die neue Website ist zu finden unter neuer Link. Der Programmcode wird mit SVN verwaltet.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS ist ein sogenannter headless Browser (ohne grafischer Oberfläche) basierend auf Webkit, eine viel ältere Version wurde von Google Chrome und von Safari genutzt. Auch wenn es früher eine durchaus gute Möglichkeit war sollte PhantomJS nicht mehr genutzt werden. Das Projekt wurde eingestellt und wird nicht mehr gewartet seit dem 5. August 2017. Das Web entwickelt sich ständig weiter, jedoc wird PhantomJS nicht mehr aktualisiert. Die Einstellung erfolgte nachdem Google angekündigt hatte eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen Chrome \u0026ldquo;headless\u0026rdquo; zu starten, die Funktionalität ist auch in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox enthalten.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium kann mit Hilfe von Plugins erweitert werden. Hier sind eine Reihe von Plugins, die von Dritten erstellt und gewartet werden. Für weitere Informationen, wie ein eigenes Plugin erstellt wird, findet man in der Dokumentation.\nBitte beachtet das diese Plugins von dem Selenium Projekt weder, gewartet, unterstützt, gehostet noch empfohlen werden. Weiters wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Plugins die unten aufgelistet sind, möglicherweise nicht unter der Apache-Lizenz v.2.0 lizenziert sind. Einige dieser Plugins sind unter anderen freien oder Opensource-Lizenzen veröffentlicht wurden. Manche sind auch unter einer propritären Lizenz veröffentlicht. Jegliche Fragen über Plugins oder deren Lizenzen müssen an den verantwortlichen Hersteller gerichtet werden.\n   Browser Neuerste Version Änderungshistorie Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/","title":"Einführung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Einführung Selenium ist ein Überbegriff für eine Sammlung von Werkzeugen und Programmbibliotheken die es ermöglichen Webbrowser zu automatisieren.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Einsatz eines Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migration von RC zu WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver Client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um einen remote WebDriver Client zu starten, ist es notwendig eine Verbindung zum Remote WebDriver aufzubauen. Das geschiet, indem eine Verbindung zu einer URL aufgebaut wird, der die Testdurchführung vornimmt. Die gewünschte Konfiguration wird mithilfe der Capabilities (= Einstellungen) definiert. Im folgenden Beispiel wird ein remote WebDriver Objekt instanziert, der mit dem remote Webserver, www.example.com, verbunden wird, um dort die Tests mit einem Firefox Browser auszuführen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Um die Testkonfiguration weiter anzupassen, können weitere Einstellungen hinzugefügt werden.\nBrowser Optionen Angenommen es ist gewünscht Chrome unter Windows XP in der Version 67 zu verwenden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detektor für lokale Dateien Der Detektor erlaubt Dateien vom Client zum remote Server zu übertragen. Es kann z.B. notwendig sein eine Datei in einer Webapplikation hochzuladen. Der remote WebDriver kann automatisch die Datei vom lokalen Rechner zum remote Rechner hochladen, während der Testdurchführung. Dadurch ist es möglich die Datei vom remote Rechner, der die Tests durchführt, hochzuladen. Standardmässig die dies nicht aktiviert, kann jedoch wie folgt aktiviert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Dieser Programmcode, ermöglicht es eine Datei während den Tests hochzuladen, indem der folgende Programmcode verwendet wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Testautomatisierung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographische Richtlinien","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Großschreibung bei Überschriften Im Englischen ist es erwünscht in den Überschriften nur den ersten Buchstaben groß zu schreiben und sich an die typografischen Regeln zu halten. Sinngemäß soll dies auch für die deutsche Übersetzung gelten. Daher sollen in Überschriften Großbuchstaben nur dann verwendet werden wenn es die deutsche Sprache auch vorsieht. Es kann verwirrend sein wenn Eine Sehr Schöne Überschrift Großbuchstaben verwendet die in der Rechtschreibung nicht vorgesehen sind.\nZeilenlänge Wenn der Sourcecode, der in HTML geschrieben wurde, verändert wird, achte bitte darauf das die Zeilenlänge 72 Zeichen nicht überschreitet.\nEinige von uns gehen sogar einen Schritt weiter und halten sich an semantic linefeeds (englische Quelle). Bei diesem Vorgehen wird im HTML Quellcode, welcher nicht von der Öffentlichkeit gelesen wird, an \u0026lsquo;natürlichen Pausen\u0026rsquo; ein Zeilenumbruch eingefügt. Anders formuliert, Sätze werden an natürlichen Pausen umgebrochen. Statt sich mit den Zeilen der einzelnen Abschnitte zu befassen werden diese Nahe des rechten Bildrandes enden, Zeilenumbrüche können jederzeit eingefügt werden sodass einzelne Inhalte getrennt werden.\nDadurch können diffs (Vergleiche zwischen zwei Dateien) sehr leicht gelesen und verglichen werden, vor allem dann wenn man git als Unterstützungwerkzeug verwendet.\nWir bestehen jedoch nicht darauf das alle Mitwirkenden dies auch anwenden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"WebDriver Binaries installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um Tests auszuführen und einen Browser zu steuern ist es notwendig die browserspezifischen WebDriver Binaries zu installieren.\nDownloade die entsprechende WebDriver binary für den Browser den Du verwenden willst und speichere die Datei in Deinem System PFAD.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser Manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Elemente lokalisieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Locating one element Eine der grundlegendsten Techniken, die bei der Verwendung des WebDriver erlernt werden müssen, ist wie man Elemente auf der Webseite findet. WebDriver bietet eine Reihe von verschiedenen Möglichkeiten um Elemente zu finden, darunter die Suche nach einem Element anhand des ID-Attributs:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Wie das Beispiel zeigt, wird die Lokalisierung der Elemente mit dem WebDriver direkt an einer Instanz des WebDriver Objektes durchgeführt. Die findElement(By) Methode liefert ein Objekt des Types ẀebElement.\n WebDriver repräsentiert den Browser WebElement repräsentiert einen bestimmten DOM Knoten (z.B. einen Link, ein Eingabefeld, etc.)  Ab dem Zeitpunkt, ab dem eine Referenz zu einem WebElement \u0026ldquo;gefunden\u0026rdquo; wurde, kann der Suchumfang auf dieses Element eingeschränkt werden. Es können weitere eingegrenzte Suchen auf Basis des ausgewählten Elements durchgeführt werden, indem die gleiche Methode angewandt wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Dies wird ermöglicht weil sowohl der WebDriver als auch das WebElement das Interface SearchContext implementieren. Wir verstehen dies im WebDriver als role-based interface (rollenbasiertes Interface). Dieses Interface ermöglicht um herauszufinden ob eine driver Implementierung ein bestimmtes Feature unterstützt oder nicht. Diese Schnittstellen (Interface) sind klar definiert und versuchen daran festzuhalten, dass es nur eine Verantwortlichkeit dafür gibt. Mehr über den Aufbau und die Verantwortlichkeiten der Driver können hier nachgelesen werden Link zu einer Sektion die noch definiert werden muss\nFolglich untersützt das By Interface zahlreich zusätzliche Suchstrategien. Eine verschachtelte Suche ist nicht die effektivste Methode um die den gewünschten Käse zu finden. Es werden zwei getrennte Befehle an den Browser gesendet. Der erste der den gesamten DOM nach dem Element mit der ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo; sucht, gefolgt von der Suche nach \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; mit einem eingeschränkten Kontext.\nUm die Effektivität zu erhöhen sollte ein präziserer Locator (Identifizierungsstrategie) gewählt werden; WebDriver unterstützt die Suche nach Elementen auch mit Hilfe eines CSS-locators, mit dem es auch möglich ist Kombinationen in einer einzelnen Suche durchzuführen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Finden mehrerer Elemente Angenommen das Dokument in dem wir suchen wollen beinhaltet eine sortierte Liste mit Käsesorten die uns am besten schmecken:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Es steht außer Frage, je mehr Käse desto besser, es wäre aber umständlich jedes Element einzeln abrufen zu müssen. Daher gibt es die Möglichkeit mit findElements(By) mehrere Elemente gleichzeitig zu finden. Diese Methode liefert eine Sammlung (Collection) von WebElementen. Wird nur ein Element gefunden, wird trotzdem eine Sammlung (mit einem Element) retourniert. Wird kein Element gefunden ist die Liste leer.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Strategien der Elementsuche Im WebDriver existieren acht unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten um Elemente zu lokalisieren:\n   Lokator/Suchmethode (locator) Beschreibung     class name Lokalisiert Elemente mit dem gewünschten Klassennamen (Zusammengesetzte Klassennamen sind nicht erlaubt)   css selector Lokalisiert Elemente die dem CSS-Selektor entsprechen   id Lokalisiert Elemente deren ID dem Suchwert entsprechen   name Lokalisiert Elemente die den entsprechenden Wert im NAME Attribut haben   link text Lokalisiert Link-Elemente deren sichtbarer Text dem Suchwert entsprechen   partial link text Lokalisiert Link-Elemente die den Suchwert im sichtbaren Text vorkommt   tag name Lokalisiert Elemente mit den entsprechenden HTML-Tags   xpath Lokalisiert Elemente die auf dem xpath-Selektor entsprechen    Tips zur Verwendung von Selektoren Die bevorzugte Methode um Elemente zu identifizieren ist mit Sicherheit mit Hilfe der HTML IDs. Diese sind eindeutig, konsitent und vorhersehbar, weiters arbeitet diese Methode sehr schnell, da hierbei auf komplizierte DOM Verarbeitungen verzichtet wird.\nWenn eindeutige IDs nicht verfügbar sind, ist ein gut definierter CSS selector die bevorzugte Methode um Elemente zu lokalisieren. XPath-Suchen funktionieren gleich dem CSS-Selektoren, allerdings ist die Syntax komplizierter und schwieriger zu debuggen. Obwohl XPath-Selektoren sehr flexibel sind, sind sie in der Regel nicht von den Browser-Herstellern auf Leistung getestet und sind tendenziell recht langsam.\nSelektorstrategien die linkText oder partialLinkText verwenden haben den Nachteil das diese nur für Link-Elemente angewandt werden können. Weiters werden diese Selektoren intern im WebDriver als XPath-Selektoren aufgelöst.\nDen HTML-Tag als Identifizierungsmerkmal zu verwenden kann gefährlich sein. Meistens sind viele Elemente mit dem gleichen HTML-Tag auf einer Webseite. Eine sinnvolle Verwendung könnte sein, diese Strategie mit der findElements(By) Methode zu verwenden, die eine Sammlung von WebElementen retourniert.\nEmpfohlen wird die Suchen so kompackt und einfach lesbar wie möglich zu halten. Den DOM abzufragen ist eine aufwändige Operation für den WebDriver, und je präziser der Suchbegriff ist, desto besser.\nRelative Suchstrategien Selenium 4 führt relative Locators ein, die zuvor als Friendly Locators bekannt waren. Diese Funktionalität wurde hinzugefügt um Elemente zu finden, die sicht in der Nähe zu anderen Elementen befinden. Folgende relative Locators sind verfügbar:\n above (oberhalb) below (unterhalb) toLeftOf (links) toRightOf (rechts) near (nahe/nächst)  findElement Methode akzeptiert nun eine weitere Möglichkeit withTagName() die einen relativen Locator liefert.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nWie funktionieren die relativen Suchemethoden Selenium verwendet folgende JavaScript Funktion getBoundingClientRect() um das entsprechende Element zu finden. Diese Funktion retourniert Eigenschaften eines Elements wie z.B right, left, bottom und top (links, rechts, oben, unten)\nBetrachten wir das folgende Beispiel um die Funktionalität der relativen Locators besser zu verstehen:\nabove() - oberhalb Liefert das WebElement, welches sich über dem spezifiziertem Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() - unterhalb Findet das WebElement, welches sich unter dem spezifiziertem Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() - links davon Liefert das WebElement, welches sich links vom spezifizierten Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() - rechts davon Liefert das WebElement, das sich rechts des spezifierten Elements befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() - in der Nähe von Liefert das WebElement, welches maximal 50px vom spezifizierten Element entfernt ist.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP Antwortcodes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Komponenten konfigurieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium installieren Die Installation von Selenium unterscheidet sich grundlegend von der Installation kommerzieller Tools. Um Selenium in Deinem Automationsprojekt zu verwenden, ist es notwendig zuerst die entsprechenden Bibliotheken der verwendeten Programmiersprache zu installieren. Weiters benötigst Du die passenden WebDriver Dateien entsprechend des verwendeten Browsers, der für die Automation benötigt, und auf dem die Tests ausgeführt werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Standalone Server installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Wenn Du vorhast Grid zu verwenden, dann solltest Du Dir selenium-server-standalone JAR downloaden. Alle benötigten Komponenten sind via selenium-server verfügbar. Die standalone JAR beinhaltet den Remote Selenium Server als auch die Client-side Implementierungen. Das bedeutet wenn die selenium-server-standalone JAR in Deinem Projekt verwendet wird, dann ist es nicht notwendig selenium-java oder browserspezifische JAR hinzuzufügen.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Testarten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?.\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?.\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once).\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should eventually pass (they should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again, starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on the above TDD, in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then do the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all types of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD, by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to German. Do you speak German? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Alte Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Erste Schritte mit WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Erste Schritte mit WebDriver Selenium unterstützt das Automatisieren aller wichtigsten Webbrowser durch die Verwendung von WebDriver.\nWebDriver ist eine API und ein Protokoll, das eine programmiersprachen unabhängige Schnittstelle definiert um den Webrowser zu steuern. Jeder Browser ist mit einer spezifischen Implementierung des Webdriver ausgestattet, auch driver genannt. Dieser driver ist die Komponente die verantwortlich ist um den Browser fernzusteuern, weiters handabt dieser die Kommunikation zwischen Selenium und dem Webbrowser.\nDiese Trennung wurde bewusst gemacht, um die Verantwortung der browserspezifischen Implementierung in die Hände der Browserhersteller zu legen. Selenium ermöglicht es diese Drittanbieter driver zu verwenden. Weiters werden auch eigene driver zur Verfügung gestellt die durch das Projekt gewartet werden, für den Fall das der Browserhersteller keine zur Verfügung stellt.\nDas Seleniumframework verbindet diese einzelnen Komponenten zu einer benutzerfreundlichen Schnittstelle die es ermöglicht, die verschiedenen Browserbackends einheitlich und browser- als auch plattform-unabhängig zu automatisieren.\nWeitere Details zu den drivers können unter Driver Eigenheiten aufgerufen werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Erweiterte Funktionen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Mausaktionen im Detail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mocken von externen Services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Über diese Dokumentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diese Dokumentation wird so wie auch der Sourcecode von Selenium zu 100% von der Selenium Community gepflegt. Von Anfang an haben zahlreiche Benutzer diese Dokumentation verwendet. Viele haben Sie auch nur für einen sehr kurzen Zeitraum genutzt und haben Zeit investiert um für Neulinge den Einstieg in das Thema zu erleichtern.\nFalls Du einen Fehler in der Dokumentation entdeckst, freuen wir uns wenn Du uns darauf aufmerksam machst. Der beste Weg uns das mitzuteilen ist es einen Issue (engl. Fehler) einzumelden https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues. Bitte überzeuge Dich zuerst mit Hilfe der Suchfunktion ob der Fehler schon eingemeldet wurde oder nicht. Falls nicht, hab keine Scheu diesen einzumelden.\nViele Nutzer der Selenium Community nutzen täglich den #selenium Libera Chat bei Libera.chat. Hier kannst Du Fragen stellen und wenn Dir geholfen wird und Du der Meinung bist das könnte auch für andere Benutzer hilfreich sein, dann solltest Du dies auch anderen zur Verfügung stellen. Wir können die Dokumentation updaten, aber einfacher und schneller geht es natürlich wenn jeder Nutzer mithilft die Dokumentation am Laufenden zu halten, auch wenn Sie nicht Committer sind.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Detailiertes Reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium wurde nicht dafür gemacht, um Berichte über den Status von Testfällen zu erstellen. Ein guter Ansatz ist, die inkludierten Möglichkeiten der Unit-Testframeworks zu nutzen. Die meisten Unit-Testframeworks bieten Möglichkeiten um xUnit oder HTML formatierte Reports zu generieren. xUnit-Reports werden oft verwendet um die Ergebnisse in eine Continuous Integration (CI) Umgebung wie Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. zu importieren. Folgend ein paar Links zu weiterführenden Informationen zu den Reports für unterschiedliche Programmiersprachen.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Rasterendpunkte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver Server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Der Server wird immer auf der Maschine ausgeführt, der den gewünschten Browser installiert hat, der für den Test genutzt werden soll. Der Server kann entweder mittels Eingabebeaufforderung oder mittels Programmcode gestartet werden.\nStarten des Servers über die Eingabebeaufforderung Nachdem selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar heruntergeladen wurde, platzieren Sie die Datei auf dem Rechner mit dem entsprechenden Browser. Führen Sie folgenden Befehl in dem Order aus, der die jar-Datei beinhaltet:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Überlegungen zum Betrieb des Servers Vom aufrufenden Programm wird erwartet, dass jede Session ordnungsgemäß beendet wird, entweder mit Selenium#stop() oder WebDriver#quit.\nDer Selenium-Server speichert die Logs für jede laufende Sitzung im Hauptspeicher, diese werden gelöscht sobald Selenium#stop() oder WebDriver#quit aufgerufen wird. Wenn vergessen wird, die Sitzungen zu schließen, kann dies ein Memoryleak verursachen. Falls extrem lange Testdurchführungen geplant sind, kann es notwendig sein, von Zeit zu Zeit den Server zu stoppen und erneut zu starten (oder den zugewiesenen Speicher mit der jvm Option -Xmx zu erhöhen).\nTimeouts (ab Version 2.21) Der Server hat zwei unterschiedliche Timeouts, die wie folgt festgelegt werden können:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Legt fest wie lange es dem Browser ermöglicht wird zu reagieren (in Sekunden)   timeout  Gibt an wie lange es dem Client erlaubt ist inaktiv zu sein, bevor die Session wieder freigegeben wird. (in Sekunden).    Die Systemeigenschaft (system property) selenium.server.session.timeout wird ab Version 2.21 nicht mehr unterstützt.\nZu Beachten ist, dass das browserTimeout als Backup Timeout Mechanismus gedacht ist, die hauptsächlich in Grid/Server Umgebungen genutzt werden sollten, falls herkömmliche Timeout-Mechanismen scheitern. Dies dient dazu das abgestürzte oder \u0026ldquo;vergessene\u0026rdquo; Prozesse nicht ewig aktiv bleiben und Prozesse geschlossen werden.\nKonfiguration des Servers mit Programmcode Theoretisch muss lediglich das DriverServlet auf eine URL verlinkt werden, es ist jedoch auch möglich, dies in einem schlanken Container (z.B. Jetty) zu verwenden, der vollständig im Code konfiguriert wird.\n Downloade selenium-server.zip und extrahiere die Datei. Füge die JARs dem CLASSPATH hinzu. Erstelle eine eine Klasse mit dem Namen AppServer.  Im folgenden Beispiel wird Jetty verwendet, diesen kann man hier downloaden.\nimport org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Supporter Klassen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Die WebDriver Supporter Klassen werden bereitgestellt um die Wartung des Codes einfacher zu gestalten. Es werden Abstraktionen angeboten die es ermöglichen HTML-Elemente als Domänen-Objekte leichter darzustellen, ebenso Hilfsmethoden um die Verwendung dieser Objekte zu vereinfachen. In diesem Kapitel werden folgende Themen erläutert:\n Locator Strategien Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard  ThreadGuard  Diese Klasse ist nur in den Java-Bindings enthalten\n ThreadGuard prüft ob alle Driver Aufrufe nur von dem Thread getätigt werden, der diesen Driver instanziert hat. Probleme mit Threading können, vor allem bei der parallelen Ausführung, zu mysteriösen Problemen führen, die schwer zu diagnostizieren sind. Die Verwendung dieses Wrappers verhindert Fehler dieser Kategorie und wirft eine Exception falls das Problem auftritt.\nDas folgende Beispiel provoziert einen solchen Fehler:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } Das Ergebnis sieht wie folgt aus:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Im Beispiel ist zu sehen:\n protectedDriver wird im Main-Thread erzeugt Es wird ein Javaobjekt vom Typ Runnable verwendet um einen neuen Prozess zu erzeugen und ein neuer Thread gestartet Beide Threads stürzen ab, weil der Main-Thread keinen protectedDriver in seinem Arbeitsspeicher hat. ThreadGruard.protect wirft eine Exception.  Bemerkung: Das ersetzt nicht die Notwendigkeit ThreadLocal zu verwenden um mehrere Drivers zu koordinieren wenn diese parallel laufen sollen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test Abhängigkeiten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver Der WebDriver steuert einen Browser so, wie es ein Benutzer tun würde, entweder lokal oder auf einem entfernten Rechner unter Verwendung des Selenium Servers. Dies ist ein Meilenstein in der Automatisierung von Browsern.\nSelenium WebDriver gilt als Synonym sowohl für die Programmiersprachimplementierungen als auch für das Steuerprogramm das den Browser steuert. Dies wird allgemein als WebDriver bezeichnet.\nSelenium WebDriver ist eine W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver ist eine einfache und übersichtliche Schnittstelle.\n  WebDriver ist eine kompakte objektorientierte API.\n  WebDriver steuert den Browser effektiv.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Effizienztests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Handling von Cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   // Please raise a PR    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup messages offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver Der WebDriver kann über eine Remoteverbindung genau so verwendet werden wie bei einer lokalen Verbindung. Der Hauptunterschied ist das der remote WebDriver konfiguriert werden muss, sodass die Testdurchführung auf einem anderen Rechner gestartet werden kann.\nDer remote WebDriver besteht aus zwei Komponenten: Einem Client und einem Server. Der Client besteht aus dem WebDriver-Test und der Server ist ein einfaches Java Servlet, welches auf jedem modernen JEE App Server gehostet werden kann.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Anleitungen und Empfehlungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Anleitungen und Empfehlungen Eine Bemerkung zu \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: Wir vermeiden absichtlich die Phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in dieser Dokumentation. Es gibt schlicht keinen Ansatz der für alle Situationen die beste Wahl ist. Wir bevorzugen die Formulierung \u0026ldquo;Anleitungen und Empfehlungen\u0026rdquo;. Wir ermutigen Euch gewissenhaft zu entscheiden welche die besten Ansätze für Euer Projekt sind, nachdem die Dokumentation gelesen wurde.\nFunktionales Testen ist ohnehin schon schwierig genug. Anwendungsstatus, Komplexität und Abhängigkeiten machen das Testen schon schwierig genug. Dazu kommt das der Umgang mit Browsern (insbesondere mit Cross-Browser-Inkompatiblitäten) das Schreiben guter Tests zu einer Herausforderung macht.\nSelenium stellt Werkzeuge zur Verfügung, die die funktionale Benutzerinteraktion erleichtern. Allerdings kann Selenium nicht dabei helfen gut aufgebaute Testsuiten zu schreiben. In diesem Kapitel haben wir Ratschläge, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen zusammengefasst, zur funktionalen Automatisierung von Webseiten.\nDieses Kapitel verwendet viele bewährte Software-Patterns die sich für viele Selenium Nutzer als erfolgreich erwiesen haben.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http Proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ein Proxy-Server fungiert als Zwischenstation für Anfragen zwischen Client und Server. Simpel erklärt werden die Daten über den Proxy zu der gewünschten Internetadresse und wieder retour geleitet.\nEin Proxy Server für die automatisierten Selenium-Skripte kann hilfreich sein bei:\n Aufzeichnen des Netzwerkverkehrs Mocken von Backend-Aufrufen die von der Website abgesetzt werden Zugriff auf die gewünschte Website unter komplexen Netzwerkbedingungen oder strengen Einschränkungen.  Hat man Probleme bei der Verbindung zu einer URL aus einem Unternehmensnetzwerk, deutet das meistens darauf hin, dass es notwendig ist die Verbindung über einen Proxy herzustellen.\nDer Selenium WebDriver stellt die Möglichkeit zur Verfügung um Proxyeinstellungen vorzunehmen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link Suche","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Unabhängige Tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/","title":"Wie man es nicht machen sollte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Wie man es nicht machen sollte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Neuer Browser pro Test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Starte jeden Test mit einem definierten und \u0026ldquo;sauberen\u0026rdquo; Status. Idealerweise wird für jeden Test eine neue virtuelle Maschine gestartet. Sollte das starten einer virtuellen Maschine nicht praktikabel sein, sollte zumindest ein neuer WebDriver für jeden Test instanziert werden. Firefox sollte den WebDriver mit einem definierten Profil gestartet werden.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Webelement","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement repräsentiert ein Element im DOM. WebElemente können ausgehend vom Wurzelknoten (root) gesucht werden oder ausgehend von einem anderen WebElement.\nDie WebDriver API stellt Methoden zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen WebElemente, aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften zu finden wie z.B. ID, Name, Class (CSS-Klasse), Xpath, CSS Selektoren, Text einer Verlinkung, etc.\nElemente finden findElement wird verwendet, um ein WebElement zu finden. Die Funktion liefert als Rückgabewert die Referenz auf ein einzelnes WebElement, dieses kann dann für weitere Aktionen verwendet werden.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Finden einer Liste von Elementen Äquivalent zu \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo; liefert die Funktion findElements eine Liste von WebElementen. Um ein bestimmtes Element aus der Liste zu verwenden, ist es notwendig über die Liste zu iterieren, um eine Aktion an den einzelnen Elementen auszuführen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Finden eines Elements innerhalb anderer Elemente Es ist auch möglich Elemente zu suchen, basierend auf einem existierenden Webelemente, sogenannte \u0026ldquo;Kinder\u0026rdquo; bzw. \u0026ldquo;Nachfahren\u0026rdquo;. Um dies durchzuführen, wird die \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; Methode direkt vom Elternknoten ausgeführt, um nach entsprechenden Kinder-Elementen zu suchen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Finden von mehreren Elementen innerhalb eines anderen Elements findElements wird verwenden um entsprechende WebElemente im Kontext eines Eltern-Elementen zu finden. Um dies durchzuführen wird die \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo;-Methode vom entsprechenden WebElement ausgeführt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Aktives Element Wird verwendet um das Element, das den Fokus hat zu finden oder um es zu verfolgen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Element aktiviert? Die Methode dient dazu, um festzustellen, ob das referenzierte Element prüfen ob es aktiviert oder deaktiviert ist. Der Rückgabewert ist ein Boolean, Wahr wenn das Element aktiv (enabled) ist, andernfalls Falsch.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Element ausgewählt? Die Methode stellt fest of das referenzierte Element ausgewählt (Selected) ist oder nicht. Die Methode wird häufig verwendet mit WebElementen vom Typ Checkbox, Radiobutton, Eingabefelder und anderen Elementen die auswählbare Optionen anbieten.\nDer Rückgabewert ist ein Boolean, Wahr wenn das Element im aktuellen Browserkontext selektiert ist, andernfalls den Wert Falsch.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     TagName des Elements ermitteln Wird verwendet um den TagName des referenzierten Elements, zu ermitteln.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Ermitteln des Elementbereichs (Rect) Wird verwendet um die Dimension und die Koordinaten des entsprechenden Elementes zu ermitteln.\nDer Rückgabewert liefert folgende Werte:\n X-Koordinate des Elementes ausgehend von der linken oberen Ecke Y-Koordinate des Elementes ausgehend von der linken oberen Ecke Höhe des Elementes Breite des Elementes  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Ermitteln von CSS Werten Liefert den Wert einer spezifischen CSS Eigenschaft des entsprechenden Elementes im aktuellen Browserkontext.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Ermitteln des Textes Liefert den Text des spezifischen Elementes.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Eigenheiten der Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eigenheiten der Driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Tastatur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Tastatur repräsentiert Tastaturaktionen. Tastatur \u0026ldquo;Actions\u0026rdquo; werden mit Hilfe eines low-level Interface durchgeführt, dass ein virtualisiertes Eingabegerät für den Webbrowser zur Verfügung stellt.\nsendKeys Die sendKeys-Methode sendet eine Tastensequenz in das DOM Element, selbst wenn eine modifizierte Tastensequenz angegeben wird. Hier ist eine Liste der möglichen Tastenanschläge die vom WebDriver unterstützt wird.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyDown Die keyDown-Methode wird verwendet um Aktionen zu simulieren bei denen eine der modifizierenden Tasten gedrückt wird (STRG, SHIFT, ALT).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); Action keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build(); keydown.perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); IAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build(); keydown.Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform ensure driver.quit end   (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val action = Actions(driver) // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyUp Die keyUp-Methode wird verwendet um das key-up oder loslassen einer modifizieren Tasten (STRG, SHIFT, ALT) zu simulieren.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace HelloSelenium { class HelloSelenium { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store google search box WebElement  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store google search box WebElement  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) val action = Actions(driver) // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     clear Clear löscht den Inhalt von einem veränderbaren Element. Das gilt nur für Elemente die veränderbar und interaktionsfähig sind, sonst liefert Selenium eine Fehlermeldung (ungültiger Elementstatus (= element state) order Element nicht interaktionsfähig (=interactable))\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class clear { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) SearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Clears the entered text SearchInput.clear()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System; namespace SnipetProjectDelete { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.Clear(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) search_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;) # Clears the entered text search_input.clear ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); await searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  await searchInput.clear(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element  val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/","title":"Archivierte Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Archivierte Komponenten Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/","title":"Hinweise","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hinweise "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/","title":"Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt Selenium ist ein Sammlung von Projekten für einige Werkzeuge und Programmbibliotheken die es ermöglichen Webbrowser zu automatisieren.\nSelenium bietet Erweiterungen um Benutzereingaben in Browsern zu simulieren, einen Server um eine vielzahl von Browsern anzusprechen und eine Infrastruktur um die W3C WebDriver Spezifikation welche es ermöglicht die meistgenutzen Browser mit dem gleichen Programmcode zu steuern.\nDas Projekt wird durch viele Freiwillige Unterstützer möglich gemacht, sie haben tausende von Stunden ihrer Freizeit investiert und haben den Programmcode für jeden öffentlich zugänglich gemacht für jeden um diesen zu verwenden und ihn zu verbessern.\nSelenium fördert Disskussionen in Bezug Automation der Webplattform mit Browserhersteller, Ingeneure und Enthusiasten. Jedes Jahr wird vom Projekt eine Konferenz organisiert um Wissen zu vermitteln und die Community zu fördern.\nDas Herzstück von Selenium ist der WebDriver. Es handelt sich um ein Interface um das es ermöglicht Befehle für eine Vielzahl von Browsern auszuführen. Hier ein einfaches Beispiel welche Möglichkeiten geboten werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Sie Dir die Kurzeinführung an um detailierte Informationen zu erhalten was im Hintergrund passiert wenn Du diesen Code ausführst. Du solltest mit der Einführung fortsetzen um die Installation zu verstehen und um Selenium erfolgreich einzusetzen, Testsets in größeren Umfang einzusetzen auf vielen verschiedenen Browsern und unterschiedlichen Betriebssystemen.\nErste Schritte Wenn Selenium für Dich Neuland ist, haben wir hier ein paar Quellen die Dir weiterhelfen möglichst schnell beginnen zu können.\n Kurze Einführung  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/contributing/","title":"Mitwirken bei der Selenium Website &amp; Dokumentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it. The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.de.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"&#39;Page object&#39; Modell","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Allgemeine capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um eine neue Sitzung mit dem Selenium WebDriver zu erstellen, ist es notwendig das die Grundlegenden capabilites zur Verfügung gestellt werden.\nDas Zielsystem benutzt dabei die gleichen Einstellungen in den capabilities um eine Sitzung zu erstellen und ermöglich Details dieser Sitzung abzufragen.\nWebDriver stellt capabilites zur Verfügung und jeder Adapter sollte diese Implementierung unterstützen. Folgende capabilites werden von WebDriver unterstützt:\nbrowserName: Diese Capability wird verwendet um den browserName für eine Sitzung zu definieren. Ist der Browser auf dem Zielsystem nicht installiert, schlägt die Erstellung der Sitzung fehl.\nbrowserVersion: Diese capability ist optional, sie dient dazu die Version des Webbrowsers am Zielsystem zu definieren. Wird versucht eine Sitzung z.B. mit Chrome in der Version 75 zu initialisieren, auf dem lediglich Version 80 installiert ist, wird dies fehlschlagen.\nStrategien das Websitenladehaltens betreffend (pageLoadingStrategy) Standarmäßig wartet Selenium bis eine Seite vollständig geladen ist wenn zu einer neuen Seiten via URL navigiert wird. Dies funktioniert wunderbar für Anfänger, kann jedoch lange Wartezeiten verursachen, für Webseiten die mehrere Drittanbieter Ressourcen beinhalten. Dies kann jedoch in einem solchen Fall beschleunigt werden, wenn nicht die Standardstrategie verwendet wird. Jedoch können dadurch die Tests instabil werden, da Elemente auf der Website sowohl die Position, als auch die Größe, während des Ladens verändern können.\nDie definierte Wartestrategie prüft den document.readyState wie in der Tabelle angeführt:\n   Strategie Status Bemerkung     normal komplett Standardwert, wartet bis alle Ressourcen geladen wurden   eager interaktiv DOM Zugriff ist bereit, allerdings können andere Elemente wie Bilder noch unvollständig geladen sein   none beliebig Blockiert den WebDriver gar nicht    platformName Dient zur Definition des Betriebssystems am Zielsystem. Wird die capability abgefragt erhält man den Namen des Betriebssystems.\nAuf cloud-basierten Systemen wird mittels platformName das Betriebssystem des Zielsystems definiert.\nacceptInsecureCerts Diese capability legt fest ob abgelaufene oder ungültige TLS Certificate verwendet werden benutzt werden können.\nWenn die capability den Wert false gesetzt hat, wird ein insecure certificate error als Rückgabewert geliefert falls Domain Zertifikatsprobleme auftauchen. Ist der Wert auf true gesetzt, werden ungültige Zertifikate vom Webbrowser akzeptiert.\nAllen selbstsignierten Zertifikaten werden standardmässig vertraut mit dieser capability. Ist die capability acceptInsecureCerts gesetzt, hat dies für die gesamte Sitzung Auswirkungen.\nSitzungstimeouts (Session timeouts) Einer WebDriver session ist ein bestimmtes session timeout Intervall zugeordnet, während diesem kann der Benutzer kontrollieren ob Scripts ausgeführen werden oder Informationen vom Webbrowser empfangen werden sollen.\nJedes Session Timeout is mittels einer Kombination der folgenden unterschiedlichen timeouts definiert:\nScript Timeout: Spezifiziert wann die Ausführung eines Scriptes im aktuellen Browserkontext abgebrochen werden soll. Standardmäßig ist das Timeout auf 30 Sekunden festgelegt und wird festgelegt sobald eine neue Sitzung des WebDrivers erstellt wird.\nSeitenlade Timeout: Damit wird die Zeitspanne festgelegt in dem die Webseite geladen werden muss im aktuellen Webbrowser Kontext. Der Standardwert liegt bei 300 Sekunden und wird beim Erstellen einer WebDriver Sitzung festgelegt. Wird das festgelegte Zeitfenster überschritten wird das Script mit einer TimeoutException gestoppt.\nImpliziertes Wait Timeout Spezifiziert die Zeitspanne die gewartet wird um bei der implizierten Suche nach Elementen. Der Standard Wert ist 0 und wird festgelegt bei der Initialisierung des WebDrivers.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Legt den Status der aktullen Sitzung fest user prompt handler. Standardwert ist dismiss and notify state (=Verwerfen und Status melden)\nunhandledPromptBehaviour Definiert welche Aktion wenn eine Anfrage auf dem Zielsystem eine Aktion erfordert. Dies wird mittels unhandledPromptBehavior capability definiert und hat einen der folgenden Stati:\n dismiss (=verwerfen) accept (=akzeptieren) dismiss and notify (=verwerfen und benachrichtigen) accept and notify (=akzeptieren und benachrichtigen) ignore (=ignorieren)  setWindowRect Mit Hilfe dieses Kommandos wird die Größe und die Position des Webbrowserfensters verändert. Der Befehl agiert als setter für getWindowRect und hat als Parameter breite, höhe, x, y als optionale Parameter.\nWährend der Automatisierung, wird der aktuelle Webbrowserkontext mit Status des Fensters assoziert, welcher die Sichtbarkeit des Webbrowserfensters beschreibt. Folgende Statis des Fensters gibt es:\n maximized (= maximiert) minimized (= minimiert) normal fullscreen (=Vollbild)  Allerdings kann das festlegen der Breite oder Höhe des Fensters nicht garantieren das dieses die exakte Größe aufweist. Grund dafür ist, dass manche driver es nicht ermöglichen Größenänderungen für einzelne Pixel vorzunehmen. Dadurch können auch Ungenauigkeiten beim Abrufen der Fensterdetails mit getWindowRect auftreten, wenn diese Werte zuvor gesetzt wurden.\nstrictFileInteractability Mit dieser neuen Capability kann festgelegt werden ob die strikte Methode für Eingabefelder die das Tag input type=file haben angewandt wird. Die strike Methode ist standardmäßig nicht aktiv. Das Verhalten hat sich disbezüglich geändert wenn die Element Send Keys Funktion auf versteckte Dateiuploads Kontrollfelder angewandt wird.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Bibliotheken installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Zu Beginn ist es notwendig das die Selenium Bindings für Dein Automationsprojekt installiert werden. Der Installationsprozess ist von der gewählten Programmiersprache abhängig.\nJava Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für Java kann mit Hilfe von Maven erfolgen. Füge in Deinem Projekt in die pom.xml die selenium-java dependecy hinzu.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Mit der selenium-java dependency ist es möglich Tests laufen zu lassen in allen von Selenium unterstützen Browsern. Falls Du Test nur in einem spezifischen Browser ausführen möchtest, ist es möglich auch nur die dependecy für den gewählten Browser in der pom.xml hinzuzufügen.\nWenn Du zum Beispiel Tests nur in Firefox ausführen möchtest, füge folgende dependecy in die pom.xml hinzu:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Analog wenn Du die Tests nur in Chrome ausführen möchtest, musst Du folgende dependecy hinzufügen:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken for Phython can mittels pip erfolgen:\npip install selenium Alternativ kannst Du den PyPI Quellcode (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) downloaden und diesen mittels steup.py installieren:\npython setup.py install C# Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für C# kann mittels NuGet erfolgen:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Die Selenium Bibliotheken für Ruby können mittels gem installiert werden:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für JavaScript kann mit npm durchgeführt werden:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Da es noch keine Implementierung für Kotlin gibt, müssen die Java Bibliothken verwendet werden, diese können analg zu Java mittels maven eingebunden werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Endverbraucher Browser Folgende Browser werden offiziell vom Selenium Framework unterstützt:\n   Browser Wartungsverantwortlich Unterstützte Versionen     Chrome Chromium Alle Versionen   Firefox Mozilla 54 und neuer   Edge Microsoft 84 und neuer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 und neuer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 und neuer   Safari Apple 10 und neuer    Spezielle Browser Es gibt einige spezielle Browsers die üblicherweise nur im Zuge von Projektentwicklungen eingesetzt werden. Diese Browser können auch für automationszwecke genutzt werden, für folgende Browser werden unterstützt:\n   Driver Name Verwendungszweck Wartungsverantwortlich     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser Emulator gewartet von Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n CAPTCHA, short for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try! There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:\n Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright und Unterstützung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Die Dokumentation von Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nDiese Dokumentation wurde mit größter Sorgfalt erstellt, so vollständig und genau wie möglich. Jedoch kann keine Garantie für dessen Vollständigkeit übernommen werden. Alle bereitgestellten Informationen erfolgen ohne Gewähr. Die Autoren und der Herausgeber übernehmen keine Haftung oder Verantwortung gegenüber Personen oder Organisationen im Bezug auf entstehende Verluste oder Schäden die aus den Informationen dieser Website. Weiters kann keine Patenthaftung zur Verwendung der enthaltenen Informationen übernommen werden.\nUnterstützer Dank ergeht an: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium steuert Webbrowsers Selenium , ist vieles, aber im Kern ist es eine Sammlung von Werkzeugen um Webbrowser zu automatisieren. Es nutzt die besten Mechanismen die verfügbar sind um Browserinstanzen zu steuern und Benutzereingaben zu simulieren.\nEs ermöglicht Aktionen von Benutzern zu simulieren; Texteingaben, Auswahl von Optionen in Drop-Downs, aktivieren von Checkboxen und anklicken von Links auf Webseiten. Es ermöglicht auch viele andere Möglichkeiten wie zum Beispiel Mausbewegungen, beliebige JavaScript Codeausführungen und vieles mehr.\nIn erster Linie wird Selenium für Front-End Testen von Websiten verwendet. Selenium ist im Grunde eine \u0026lsquo;user agent\u0026rsquo; Bibliothek. Es stehen Schnittstellen zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen mit anderen Bibliotheken zu kommunizieren um Deinen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden.\nEin Interface für sämtliche Anforderungen Ein Leitsatz des Projektes ist es eine Schnittstelle zur Verfügung zu stellen um alle (relevanten) Browser zu unterstützen. Webbrowser sind sehr komplexe und hoch entwickelte Applikationen. Das Ausführen von Aktionen funktioniert in jedem Browser anders, auch wenn der sichtbare Teil der Aktionen bei allen gleich aussieht. Obwohl Texte mit der gleichen Schriftart gerendert werden, Bilder an der gleichen Stelle dargestellt werden und Links auf die gleichen Ziele verweisen. Was im Hintergrund passiert ist so unterschiedlich wie Tag und Nacht. Selenium \u0026ldquo;abstrahiert\u0026rdquo; diese Unterschiede und verbirgt diese Details und Feinheiten vor der Person die den Programmcode schreibt. Dadurch wird ermöglicht Programmcode zu schreiben der einen komplexen Workflow abbildet und dann auf Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome und allen anderen unterstützen Browsern lauffähig sind.\nWerkzeuge und Support Dieser minimalistische Designansatz verleiht Selenium die Vielseitigkeit, um als Komponenten in größeren Applikationen eingesetzt zu werden. Weitere Werkzeuge die unter der Schirmherrschaft von Selenium stehen bieten Werkzeuge um grid of browsers zu erstellen. Somit können Tests auf unterschiedlichen Browsern und unterschiedlichen Betriebssystemen verteilt auf mehrere Rechner ausgeführt werden.\nStell Dir vor mehrere Computer in Deinem Serverraum oder Datencenter starten gleichzeitig ihre Browser, klicken den Link zu Deiner Webseite, Formulare und Tabellen; Testen Deine Applikation rund um die Uhr. Auf Grund des simplen Programminterface welches für die meist genutzten Programmiersprachen zur Verfügung gestellt wird, können diese Tests unermüdlich parallel laufen und falls Fehler auftreten werden diese gemeldet.\nUm dieses Ziel zu erreichen ist es unser Ziel, Dich dahingehend mit Werkzeugen und Dokumentation zu unterstützen um nicht nur den Browser zu steuern, sondern auch damit Du ein solches skalierendes Grid einfach in Betrieb nehmen kannst.\nWer benutzt Selenium Viele große Firmen auf der ganzen Welt verwenden Selenium um ihre Browsertests zu realisieren, oft nachdem jahrelanger Aufwand für propritäre Werkzeuge aufgewendet wurde. Mit der wachsenden Popularität sind auch die Anforderungen und Herausforderungen gestiegen.\nDie Komplexität von Webseiten nimmt ständig zu und neue Technologien werden zu diesen fortlaufend hinzugefügt. Ziel dieses Projektes ist es wenn möglich Schritt zu halten mit der Entwicklung des Web. Da dies ein Opensource Projekt ist, ist es abhängig von all den Freiwilligen die in Ihrer Freizeit das Projekt unterstützen.\nEin weiteres Ziel des Projektes ist es, weitere Freiwillige zu ermutigen sich aktiv an den Projekt zu beteiligen, die Community zu stärken, so dass das Projekt mit neuen Technologien Schritt halten kann. Auf diese Weise kann es weiterhin als eine der führenden Plattformen für funktionale Testautomatisierung etabliert werden.\nGeschichte 2014 wurde Selenium 1 veröffentlich, mit dem Ziel, die Dauer zu verkürzen, die benötigt wird, konsistentes Verhalten der Benutzeroberfläche einer Webapplikation zu prüfen. Es wurden verfügbaren Werkzeuge benutzt, und realisiert wurde dies mit Hilfe von JavaScript, welches auf der zu testenden Webseite eingefügt wurde, um Benutzereingaben zu simulieren.\nJavaScript ist eine gutes Werkzeug um sich die Eigenschaften des DOM näher zu betrachten, die sonst nur schwer möglich sind, jedoch eignet es sich nicht dazu um realistisches Verhalten von Benutzereingaben zu simulieren, vor allem wenn Tastatur oder Maus verwendet werden sollen.\nSeitdem ist Selenium stark gewachsen und hat sich weiterentwickelt, in ein Werkzeug das von vielen —wenn nicht sogar von den meisten—der größten Organisationen weltweit verwendet wird. Selenium hat sich von einem selbstgebastelten Testautomatisierungswerkzeug, das bei Thoughtworks entwickelt wurde, für einen ganz speziellen Anwendungsfall zur de facto Bibliothek für Browserautomation entwickelt, weltweit.\nSo wie Selenium RC die damals zur Verfügung stehenden Werkzeuge nutze, führt Selenium WebDriver die Tradition fort, indem die Verantwortung für den Teil der Browserinteraktion an die Hersteller dieser übergeben wird. In jüngster Vergangenheit hat sich daraus der W3C Standardisierungsprozess abgeleitet, mit dem Ziel das die WebDriver Komponenten in Selenium in eine du jour Steuerungsbibliothek für Useragents wandelt.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Erklärung der Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um eine Testsuite mit Hilfe des WebDrivers zu erstellen, ist es notwendig verschiedeneste Komponenten des WebDrivers zu verstehen und richtig einzusetzten. Wie bei fast allen in der Softwareentwicklung, gibt es viele Lösungsmöglichkeiten um eine Idee umzusetzten. Folgend ein paar Begriffsdefinitionen die in der Beschreibung genutzt werden.\nBegriffsdefinitionen  API: Application Programming Interface (= Programmschnittstelle). Beschreibt eine Sammlung von Kommandos, die verwendet werden um den WebDriver zu konfigurieren. Bibliothek: (= Libary) Ein Modul welches die APIs und den erforderlichen Programmcode beinhaltet, der notwendig ist für die Implementierung der Schnittstellen. Die Bibliotheken sind programmiersprachenspezifisch, z.B. .jar Dateien für Java, .dll Dateien für .NET, etc. Driver: Der Driver ist verantwortlich für das Steuern des Browsers. Die meisten WebDriver werden von den Browserherstellern selbst erstellt. Driver sind die ausführen Module die auf dem gleichen System ausgeführt werden auf denen der Browser gestartet wird, nicht auf den Systemen auf denen die Testsuiten laufen. (Natürlich kann das auch auf dem gleichen System ausgeführt werden.) Bemerkung: Manche bezeichnen den Driver als Proxy. Framework: Eine zusätzliche Bibliothek die als Unterstützung für WebDriver Suites dient. Diese Bibliotheken entsprechen Testframeworks sowie JUnit oder NUnit. Weiters existieren Frameworks die mit naürlicher Sprache Anforderungen beschreiben wie z.B. Cucumber oder Robotium. Frameworks können auch für Tätigkeiten wie z.B. Konfiguration des Testsystems, für Datenmanipulationen, als Testorakel, etc. verwendet werden.  Die einzelnen Komponenten im Detail Der WebDriver kommuniziert mit dem Browser zumindest mit Hilfe des Drivers. Die Kommunikation erfolgt bidirektional: Der WebDriver sendet die Kommandos an den Browser, mit Hilfe des Drivers und erhält Informationen zurück über den gleichen Weg.\nDer Driver is browserspezifisch, z.B. der ChromeDriver ist für Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, der GeckoDriver für Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. verantwortlich. Der Driver wird auf dem selben System wie der Browser ausgeführt. Dies kann aber muss nicht das gleiche System sein, auf dem die Tests ausgeführt werden.\nDas einfache Beispiel weiter oben zeigt eine direkte Kommunikation. Die Kommunikation zum Browser kann auch über eine remote Verbindung mit einem Selenium Server oder einem RemoteWebDriver erfolgen. Der RemoteWebDriver läuft am selben System wie der Driver und der Browser.\nDie remote Kommunikation kann ebenfalls mit Hilfe eines Selenium Servers oder einem Selenium Grid realisiert werden. Beide Möglichkeiten kommunizieren mit dem driver auf dem Zielsystem (=host).\nEinbinden eines Frameworks Der WebDriver hat einen einzigen Job: Kommunikation mit dem Browser mittels WebDriver, egal welche der oben beschriebenen Wege genutzt wird. WebDriver selbst hat keine Testfunktionen: Dieser kann nicht Werte vergleichen, feststellen ob ein Test ok ist oder fehlschlägt und er besitzt keine Funktionen bezüglich Reporting oder kennt auch nicht die Angenommen/Wenn/Dann Grammatik.\nDas ist der Punkt an dem verschiedenste Frameworks ins Spiel kommen. Zumindest ist es notwendig ein Testframework für die entsprechende Programmiersprache zu verwenden wie z.B. NUnit für .NET, JUnit für Java, RSpec für Ruby, etc.\nDas Testframework ist verwantwortlich für die Ausführung des WebDrivers und der entsprechenden Schritte in den Tests. Eine schematische Darstellung ist in der folgenden Grafik zu finden.\nFrameworks oder Tools die natürliche Sprache verwenden wie z.B. Cucucmber können in ein solches Testframework eingebunden werden wie in der Grafik dargestellt ist, oder sie können eine eigene Implementierung anbieten und ein anderes Testframework wrappen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/","title":"Erste Schritte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Erste Schritte Falls Du Anfänger bist haben wir hier einige Hilfeseiten die Dir helfen die ersten Schritte zu bewältigen.\n Kurzeinführung  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Konfigurationshilfe","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/","title":"Kurze Einführung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium ist nicht ein einzelnes Tool oder eine API, es besteht aus mehreren Tools\nWebDriver Startest Du mit dem automatisieren von Websiten, dann wirst Du die WebDriver APIs verwenden. WebDriver verwendet die von den Browsern Herstellern zur Verfügung gestellten APIs um den Browser zu steuern und Test auszuführen. Die Ausführung simuliert einen echten Benutzer. Da der WebDriver eigenständig ist und nicht mit der Applikation kompiliert werden muss, handelt es sich um eine minimal invasive Methode. Es kann exakt die Applikation getestet werden die später veröffentlicht wird.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment = Entwicklungsumgebung) ist ein Werkzeug um Seleniumtests zu erstellen. Es ist eine einfach zu handhabende Erweiterung für Chrome und Firefox und in der Regel ist dies die effizienteste Weg um Testfälle zu erstellen. Benutzerinteraktionen werden aufgezeichnet mit Hilfe von bestehenden Selenium Befehlen. Diese werden mit den entsprechenden Parametern versehen. Das ist nicht nur zeitsparend sondern auch ein guter Weg um sich mit der Seleniumsyntax vertraut zu machen.\nGrid Mit Selenium Grid können Tests auf verschiedenen Maschinen auf unterschiedlichen Plattformen ausgeführt werden. Das Starten der Tests findet lokal statt, die automatische Ausführung serverseitig.\nSollen erstellte WebDriver-Tests in mehreren Browsern und Betriebssystemen ausgeführt werden, kann dafür Grid genutzt werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding javascript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Zweck und hauptsächlich genutze Funktionalität","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n  Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Arbeiten mit Farben","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vielleicht möchten Sie im Rahmen Ihrer Tests die Farbe von etwas überprüfen. Das Problem ist, dass die Farbdefinitionen im Web nicht einheitlich sind. Wäre es nicht schön, wenn es einen einfachen Vergleich gäbe eine HEX-Darstellung einer Farbe mit einer RGB-Darstellung einer Farbe, oder eine RGBA-Darstellung einer Farbe mit der einer HSLA-Darstellung einer Farbe?\nMach dir keine Sorgen. Es gibt eine Lösung: die Color Klasse!\nZuerst müssen Sie die Klasse importieren:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Sie können nun mit dem Erstellen von Farbobjekten beginnen. Jedes Farbobjekt muss aus einem string erstellt werden der deine Farbe repräsentiert. Unterstützte Farbdarstellungen sind:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Die Color-Klasse unterstützt auch alle Basisfarbdefinitionen die spezifiziert sind in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Manchmal geben Browser den Farbwert \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; zurück wenn für ein Element keine Farbe festgelegt wurde. Die Color-Klasse unterstützt dies auch:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Sie können jetzt ein Element sicher abfragen um seine Farbe/Hintergrundfarbe zu erhalten, Mit dem Wissen, dass jede Antwort korrekt geparst wird und in ein gültiges Color-Objekt umgewandelt wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Anschließend können Sie Farbobjekte direkt vergleichen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nOder Sie können die Farbe in eines der folgenden Formate konvertieren und eine statische Validierung durchführen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Farben sind kein Problem mehr.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Aufsetzen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Aufsetzen eines Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Beobachtbarkeit","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Dateidownloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domänenspezifische Sprache","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver spezifische Capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definerte Capabilities in den FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions ist die neue Methode um Capabilities für den Firefoxbrowser zu definieren und sollte bevorzugt verwendet werden statt den DesiredCapabilities and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Erstellen eines benutzerdefinierten Profils Wie hier demonstriert ist es möglich ein benutzerdefiniertes Profil für Firefox zu erstellen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer Timeout betreffend Dateiupload Unter Umständen kann es vorkommen das der Internet Explorer in ein Timout läuft während der Dateiupload-Dialog geöffnet wird. Der IEDriver hat ein standardmässiges Timeout von 1000ms, jedoch dieses kann erhöht werden indem die capability mit dem Namen fileUploadDialogTimeout definiert wird.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Ist die Capability auf true gesetzt, wird der Cache, Browser History and Cookies für alle laufenden Instanzen des InternetExplorer inklusive aller die manuell oder vom WebDriver gestartet werden. Standardmäßig ist der Wert mit false vorbelegt.\nDie Verwendung dieser Capability führt zu Performanceeinbußen während des starten des Browsers, da der driver wartet bis der Cache geleert wird bevor der InternetExplorer gestartet wird.\nEs wird ein Wert vom Typ Boolean erwartet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting Der InternetExplorer erwartet das das Browser Zoomlevel auf 100% eingestellt ist, andernfalls wird eine Fehlermeldung (=Exception) ausgelöst. Dieses Standardverhalten kann deaktiviert werden in dem die Einstellung ignoreZoomSetting auf true gesetzt wird.\nDie Capability erwartet einen Booleanwert als Parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Legt fest ob die Prüfung des Protected Mode beim Starten einer neuen IE Sitzung übersprungen werden soll.\nDer driver löst eine Exception aus falls der Proteced Mode nicht definiert wurde oder nicht für alle Umgebungen gleich ist.\nWenn diese capability auf true gesetzt wird, können Tests instabil werden, bzw. kann der Browser abstürzen oder nicht reagieren. Diese Einstellung ist nicht zu bevorzugen und sollte nur als zweite Wahl genutzt werden. Mit Sicherheit sollte der Protected Mode für jede Zone immer manuell definiert werden. Falls jemand diese Einstellung nutzt kann kein umfassender Support garantiert werden.\nDie capability erwartet einen Booleanwert als Parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent Ist diese capability auf true gesetzt, werden alle Diagnosemeldungen des IEDriverServer unterdrückt.\nAls Parameter wird ein Booleanwert erwartet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Der Internet Explorer akzeptiert eine Reihe von Kommandozeilenparameter die die Fehlersuche erleichtern und um den Browser zu konfigurieren.\nFolgend sind einige der Kommandozeilenparameter angeführt\n  -private : Wird genutzt um den IE im Inkognitomodus zu starten. Diese Option wird ab IE Version 8 unterstützt.\n  -k : Startet den Internet Explorer im Kiosk Modus.\nDer Browser öffnet sich mit maximerten Fenster, indem die Navigationsleiste, das Adressfeld und die Statusbar verborgen sind.\n  -extoff : Startet den IE ohne Addons. Diese Option wird verwendet um Problemen mit Browser Addons vorzubeugen. Dies wird ab Version 7 unterstützt.\n  Bemerkung: forceCreateProcessApi sollte aktiviert werden damit die Kommandozeilenparameter unterstützt werden.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forciert beim Starten des Internet Explorers die Verwendung der CreateProcess API. Standardwert ist false (=deaktiviert).\nAb IE Version 8 ist für diese Einstellung es notwendig den \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; Wert auf 0 zu setzen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver Vorraussetzungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mit Hilfe des WebDrivers unterstützt Selenium alle wichtigen Webbrowser wie Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera und Safari. Wenn möglich wird der Browser mit Hilfe des integrierten Support für Automation gesteuert, nicht für alle Browser existiert diese Möglichkeit der externe Steuerung.\nDas Ziel von WebDriver ist es Interaktionen eines echten Benutzers so gut wie möglich mit dem Browser zu simulieren. Die unterschiedlichen Browser unterstützen dies in unterschiedlicher Weise. Mehr Details zu den unterschiedlichen Eigenheiten der Driver sind unter Eigenheiten der Driver zu finden.\nAlle Browser haben ein gemeinsames Interface um den Browser zu steuern, sie unterscheiden sich etwas beim Erstellen einer Browsersession. Die Driver-Implementierungen werden von Dritten bereitgestellt, daher sind diese nicht in Selenium enthalten.\nInstanzierung des Drivers, Profilmanagement und verschiedene spezifische Browser Einstellungen sind Beispiele für Parameter die unterschiedliche Werte haben können, abhängig von dem verwendeten Browser. Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt die Anforderungen, die notwendig sind, um die unterschiedlichen Browser zu starten.\nHinzufügen der ausführbaren Programme zum PATH Die meisten Driver benötigen ein eignes ausführbares Programm für Selenium um mit dem Browser zu kommunizieren. Eine Möglichkeit ist es, manuell festzulegen in welchem Ordner sich die ausführbaren Driver-Dateien befinden bevor der WebDriver gestartet wird, allerdings schränkt das die Portabilität ein, da sich die Dateien dann auf jedem Rechner im gleichen Ordner befinden müssen. Alternativ kann man die diese Dateien auch im Repository des Testcodes ablegen.\nWird der Ordner der die WebDriver Programme enthält dem Systempfad hinzugefügt, ist es für Selenium möglich die Driver Dateien zu finden ohne das im Testcode der exakte Ordner angegeben werden muss.\n Erstelle ein Verzeichnis in dem die ausführbaren Dateien (executeables) abgelegt werden wie z.B. C:\\WebDriver\\bin oder /opt/WebDriver/bin Füge das Verzeichnis der PATH - Variable hinzu:  Unter Windows - Öffne die Eingabeaufforderung als Administrator und führe folgenden Befehl aus um den Ordnerpfad dauerhaft der PATH Variable für alle Benutzer des Rechners hinzuzufügen:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Unter macOS und Linux führe in einem Terminal folgenden Befehl aus:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Nun können die Änderungen getestet werden. Schließe alle geöffneten Eingabebeaufforderungen bzw. Terminals und öffnen dieses erneut. Tippe nun den Namen eines Drivers, der zuvor in dem Ordner abgelegt wurden z.B.:\nchromedriver   Wenn der \u0026lsquo;PATH\u0026rsquo; korrekt konfiguriert ist, dann sollte eine ähnliche Meldung auf der Konsole wie folgt aussehen:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Mit Hilfe von Ctrl+C beendest Du den Driver und erlangst wieder Kontrolle über das Terminal.\nReferenzen    Browser Unterstützte Betriebssysteme Wartung Download Fehlerticketsystem     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan und neuere Apple Integriert Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Um Chrome oder Chromium zu steuern, muss der chromedriver downgeloaded werden und in einem Ordner gespeichert werden der sich im Systempfad befindet.\nUnter Linux oder macOS, muss die PATH Umgebungsvariable angepasst werden. Mit folgendem Kommando können die alle Ordner die der PATH-Variable bereits hinzugefügt wurden angezeigt werden (getrennt durch Beistriche):\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Um den chromedriver dem PATH hinzuzufügen, falls dies noch nicht geschehen ist, beachte das der Ordner dem PATH hinzugefügt werden muss. Der folgende Befehl fügt der PATH Umgebungsvariable den aktuellen Ordnerpfad hinzu (nach dem Doppelpunkt):\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Nachdem der chromedriver dem PATH hinzugefügt wurde ist es möglich das chromedriver Programm von jedem Ordner des Rechners zu starten. Um eine Chrome/Chromium Session zu instanzieren können folgende Codezeilen genutzt werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Zur Erinnerung: es ist notwendig chromedriver dem PATH hinzuzufügen, dies geschiet mit folgendem Befehl:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     Der chromedriver ist implementiert als WebDriver Remote Server, somit wird dem Browsers mitgeteilt welche Aktionen auszuführen sind, indem die interne Automationsschnittstelle bereitgestellt wird.\nFirefox Als Selenium 3 gestartet ist, hat Mozilla die Implementierung des Firefox Drivers mit dem geckodriver übernommen. Der neue Driver für Firefox wird geckodriver genannt und funktioniert ab Firefox Version 48. Da der Firefox WebDriver noch immer in Entwicklung ist, wird er laufend verbessert.\nDie aktuelle Standardmethode um Firefox zu starten ist mit Hilfe des geckodrivers, daher erfolgt die Instanzierung gleich wie mit Selenium 2.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Falls bevorzugt kann der Ordnerpfad statt mit Hilfe der PATH-Variable mit folgenden Programmzeilen definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Es ist auch möglich den Parameter via Kommandozeile zu übergeben:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Aktuell ist es möglich den älteren Firefox Driver zu nutzen, dieser ist hat mehr Funktionen, dafür ist es notwendig eine ältere Version von Firefox mit der Version 47.0.1 oder 45 ESR zu installieren. Weiters ist es notwendig die Eigenschaft marionette auf false zu setzen. Neuere Versionen von Firefox sind nicht kompatibel.\nEdge Edge ist Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s aktuellster Browser, der in Windows 10 und Server 2016 inkludiert ist. Updates für Edge sind in den Updates für Windows inkludiert, somit ist es notwendig den entsprechenden Driver downzuloaden, der kompatibel ist mit der installierten Windows Version (mit passender Buildnummer). Die Edge Entwickler Website] beinhaltet Links zu allen verfügbaren Edgedrivern. Bugs die den Edgedriver betreffen können bei Microsoft eingemeldet werden. Um Tests mit dem Edge laufen zu lassen ohne ein installiertes Windows 10 auf dem eigenen Rechner zu haben, bietet Microsoft freie VMs an, um den Edge Browser zu testen Edge VM Website.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Falls der Edge Driver nicht via PATH verfügbar ist, kann der Pfad auch mit Hilfe des Programmcodes definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Der Internet Explorer war Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s Standardbrowser bis Windows 10, trotzdem ist er ebenfalls in Windows 10 inkludiert. Der Internet Explorer Driver ist der einzige Driver der vom Selenium Projekt mit Releases versorgt wird Microsoft considers current. Ältere Releases können weiterhin funktionieren, werden jedoch offiziell nicht weiter unterstützt.\nDas Selenium-Projekt stellt die Driver für 32-bit und 64-bit Versionen des Internet Explorer zur Verfügung, es gibt jedoch einige Einschränkungen mit dem Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 mit dem 64-bit Driver, jeodch funktioniert die 32-bit Version des Drivers weiterhin. Zu Beachten ist, dass die Einstellungen im Benutzerprofil des aktuell eingeloggten Benutzers gespeichert werden. Weiters sind ein paar zusätzliche Einstellungen notwendig.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Falls der Internet Explorer Driver nicht im PATH vorhanden ist, kann dieser mittels Programmcode definiert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft bietet auch einen WebDriver für Internet Explorer 11 für Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1 an. Dieser wurde seit 2014 nicht mehr aktualisiert und basiert auf einer Entwurfsversion der W3 Spezifikation. Jim Evans hat eine exzellente Beschreibung über die Microsoft Implementierung verfasst.\nOpera Aktuelle Versionen des Operabrowsers basieren auf der Chromiumengine und WebDriver unterstützt fortan die nicht quelloffene Version des Opera Chromium Driver, die der PATH Variable hinzugefügt werden kann, oder als Umgebungsvariable.\nDie Instanzierung funktioniert analog zu Firefox und Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra und neuer:\n Führe den folgenden Befehl im Terminal aus und authorisiere die Ausführung beim ersten Mal mit dem Passwort.  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Aktiviere das Entwicklermenü in den Safari Einstellungen Prüfe die Allow Remote Automation Option in dem Entwicklermenü Führe folgenden Befehl im Terminal einmalig aus und authorisiere den WebDriver mit dem Paßwort  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Die Driver Session kann dann wie folgt gestartet werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Wenn eine Automation von Safari auf einem iOS Gerät gewünscht ist dann sollte das Appium Projekt näher betrachtet werden. Während Safari früher auch auf Windows verfügbar war, hat Apple vor längerem den Support dafür eingestellt.\nMock Browser HtmlUnit HtmlUnit ist ein Browser für Java Programmierer ohne Oberfläche. Dieser interpretiert HTML Dokumente und stellt Schnittstellen zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen Seiten aufzurufen, Formulare auszufüllen, Links zu klicken, etc. Er unterstützt auch JavaScript und kann auch mit AJAX Bibliotheken arbeiten indem Chrome, Firefox oder Internet Explorer simuliert wird abhängig welche Konfiguration genutzt wird. Die neue Website ist zu finden unter neuer Link. Der Programmcode wird mit SVN verwaltet.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS ist ein sogenannter headless Browser (ohne grafischer Oberfläche) basierend auf Webkit, eine viel ältere Version wurde von Google Chrome und von Safari genutzt. Auch wenn es früher eine durchaus gute Möglichkeit war sollte PhantomJS nicht mehr genutzt werden. Das Projekt wurde eingestellt und wird nicht mehr gewartet seit dem 5. August 2017. Das Web entwickelt sich ständig weiter, jedoc wird PhantomJS nicht mehr aktualisiert. Die Einstellung erfolgte nachdem Google angekündigt hatte eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen Chrome \u0026ldquo;headless\u0026rdquo; zu starten, die Funktionalität ist auch in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox enthalten.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium kann mit Hilfe von Plugins erweitert werden. Hier sind eine Reihe von Plugins, die von Dritten erstellt und gewartet werden. Für weitere Informationen, wie ein eigenes Plugin erstellt wird, findet man in der Dokumentation.\nBitte beachtet das diese Plugins von dem Selenium Projekt weder, gewartet, unterstützt, gehostet noch empfohlen werden. Weiters wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Plugins die unten aufgelistet sind, möglicherweise nicht unter der Apache-Lizenz v.2.0 lizenziert sind. Einige dieser Plugins sind unter anderen freien oder Opensource-Lizenzen veröffentlicht wurden. Manche sind auch unter einer propritären Lizenz veröffentlicht. Jegliche Fragen über Plugins oder deren Lizenzen müssen an den verantwortlichen Hersteller gerichtet werden.\n   Browser Neuerste Version Änderungshistorie Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/","title":"Einführung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Einführung Selenium ist ein Überbegriff für eine Sammlung von Werkzeugen und Programmbibliotheken die es ermöglichen Webbrowser zu automatisieren.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Einsatz eines Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migration von RC zu WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver Client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um einen remote WebDriver Client zu starten, ist es notwendig eine Verbindung zum Remote WebDriver aufzubauen. Das geschiet, indem eine Verbindung zu einer URL aufgebaut wird, der die Testdurchführung vornimmt. Die gewünschte Konfiguration wird mithilfe der Capabilities (= Einstellungen) definiert. Im folgenden Beispiel wird ein remote WebDriver Objekt instanziert, der mit dem remote Webserver, www.example.com, verbunden wird, um dort die Tests mit einem Firefox Browser auszuführen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Um die Testkonfiguration weiter anzupassen, können weitere Einstellungen hinzugefügt werden.\nBrowser Optionen Angenommen es ist gewünscht Chrome unter Windows XP in der Version 67 zu verwenden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detektor für lokale Dateien Der Detektor erlaubt Dateien vom Client zum remote Server zu übertragen. Es kann z.B. notwendig sein eine Datei in einer Webapplikation hochzuladen. Der remote WebDriver kann automatisch die Datei vom lokalen Rechner zum remote Rechner hochladen, während der Testdurchführung. Dadurch ist es möglich die Datei vom remote Rechner, der die Tests durchführt, hochzuladen. Standardmässig die dies nicht aktiviert, kann jedoch wie folgt aktiviert werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Dieser Programmcode, ermöglicht es eine Datei während den Tests hochzuladen, indem der folgende Programmcode verwendet wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Testautomatisierung","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographische Richtlinien","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Großschreibung bei Überschriften Im Englischen ist es erwünscht in den Überschriften nur den ersten Buchstaben groß zu schreiben und sich an die typografischen Regeln zu halten. Sinngemäß soll dies auch für die deutsche Übersetzung gelten. Daher sollen in Überschriften Großbuchstaben nur dann verwendet werden wenn es die deutsche Sprache auch vorsieht. Es kann verwirrend sein wenn Eine Sehr Schöne Überschrift Großbuchstaben verwendet die in der Rechtschreibung nicht vorgesehen sind.\nZeilenlänge Wenn der Sourcecode, der in HTML geschrieben wurde, verändert wird, achte bitte darauf das die Zeilenlänge 72 Zeichen nicht überschreitet.\nEinige von uns gehen sogar einen Schritt weiter und halten sich an semantic linefeeds (englische Quelle). Bei diesem Vorgehen wird im HTML Quellcode, welcher nicht von der Öffentlichkeit gelesen wird, an \u0026lsquo;natürlichen Pausen\u0026rsquo; ein Zeilenumbruch eingefügt. Anders formuliert, Sätze werden an natürlichen Pausen umgebrochen. Statt sich mit den Zeilen der einzelnen Abschnitte zu befassen werden diese Nahe des rechten Bildrandes enden, Zeilenumbrüche können jederzeit eingefügt werden sodass einzelne Inhalte getrennt werden.\nDadurch können diffs (Vergleiche zwischen zwei Dateien) sehr leicht gelesen und verglichen werden, vor allem dann wenn man git als Unterstützungwerkzeug verwendet.\nWir bestehen jedoch nicht darauf das alle Mitwirkenden dies auch anwenden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"WebDriver Binaries installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um Tests auszuführen und einen Browser zu steuern ist es notwendig die browserspezifischen WebDriver Binaries zu installieren.\nDownloade die entsprechende WebDriver binary für den Browser den Du verwenden willst und speichere die Datei in Deinem System PFAD.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser Manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Elemente lokalisieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Locating one element Eine der grundlegendsten Techniken, die bei der Verwendung des WebDriver erlernt werden müssen, ist wie man Elemente auf der Webseite findet. WebDriver bietet eine Reihe von verschiedenen Möglichkeiten um Elemente zu finden, darunter die Suche nach einem Element anhand des ID-Attributs:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Wie das Beispiel zeigt, wird die Lokalisierung der Elemente mit dem WebDriver direkt an einer Instanz des WebDriver Objektes durchgeführt. Die findElement(By) Methode liefert ein Objekt des Types ẀebElement.\n WebDriver repräsentiert den Browser WebElement repräsentiert einen bestimmten DOM Knoten (z.B. einen Link, ein Eingabefeld, etc.)  Ab dem Zeitpunkt, ab dem eine Referenz zu einem WebElement \u0026ldquo;gefunden\u0026rdquo; wurde, kann der Suchumfang auf dieses Element eingeschränkt werden. Es können weitere eingegrenzte Suchen auf Basis des ausgewählten Elements durchgeführt werden, indem die gleiche Methode angewandt wird:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Dies wird ermöglicht weil sowohl der WebDriver als auch das WebElement das Interface SearchContext implementieren. Wir verstehen dies im WebDriver als role-based interface (rollenbasiertes Interface). Dieses Interface ermöglicht um herauszufinden ob eine driver Implementierung ein bestimmtes Feature unterstützt oder nicht. Diese Schnittstellen (Interface) sind klar definiert und versuchen daran festzuhalten, dass es nur eine Verantwortlichkeit dafür gibt. Mehr über den Aufbau und die Verantwortlichkeiten der Driver können hier nachgelesen werden Link zu einer Sektion die noch definiert werden muss\nFolglich untersützt das By Interface zahlreich zusätzliche Suchstrategien. Eine verschachtelte Suche ist nicht die effektivste Methode um die den gewünschten Käse zu finden. Es werden zwei getrennte Befehle an den Browser gesendet. Der erste der den gesamten DOM nach dem Element mit der ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo; sucht, gefolgt von der Suche nach \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; mit einem eingeschränkten Kontext.\nUm die Effektivität zu erhöhen sollte ein präziserer Locator (Identifizierungsstrategie) gewählt werden; WebDriver unterstützt die Suche nach Elementen auch mit Hilfe eines CSS-locators, mit dem es auch möglich ist Kombinationen in einer einzelnen Suche durchzuführen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Finden mehrerer Elemente Angenommen das Dokument in dem wir suchen wollen beinhaltet eine sortierte Liste mit Käsesorten die uns am besten schmecken:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Es steht außer Frage, je mehr Käse desto besser, es wäre aber umständlich jedes Element einzeln abrufen zu müssen. Daher gibt es die Möglichkeit mit findElements(By) mehrere Elemente gleichzeitig zu finden. Diese Methode liefert eine Sammlung (Collection) von WebElementen. Wird nur ein Element gefunden, wird trotzdem eine Sammlung (mit einem Element) retourniert. Wird kein Element gefunden ist die Liste leer.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Strategien der Elementsuche Im WebDriver existieren acht unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten um Elemente zu lokalisieren:\n   Lokator/Suchmethode (locator) Beschreibung     class name Lokalisiert Elemente mit dem gewünschten Klassennamen (Zusammengesetzte Klassennamen sind nicht erlaubt)   css selector Lokalisiert Elemente die dem CSS-Selektor entsprechen   id Lokalisiert Elemente deren ID dem Suchwert entsprechen   name Lokalisiert Elemente die den entsprechenden Wert im NAME Attribut haben   link text Lokalisiert Link-Elemente deren sichtbarer Text dem Suchwert entsprechen   partial link text Lokalisiert Link-Elemente die den Suchwert im sichtbaren Text vorkommt   tag name Lokalisiert Elemente mit den entsprechenden HTML-Tags   xpath Lokalisiert Elemente die auf dem xpath-Selektor entsprechen    Tips zur Verwendung von Selektoren Die bevorzugte Methode um Elemente zu identifizieren ist mit Sicherheit mit Hilfe der HTML IDs. Diese sind eindeutig, konsitent und vorhersehbar, weiters arbeitet diese Methode sehr schnell, da hierbei auf komplizierte DOM Verarbeitungen verzichtet wird.\nWenn eindeutige IDs nicht verfügbar sind, ist ein gut definierter CSS selector die bevorzugte Methode um Elemente zu lokalisieren. XPath-Suchen funktionieren gleich dem CSS-Selektoren, allerdings ist die Syntax komplizierter und schwieriger zu debuggen. Obwohl XPath-Selektoren sehr flexibel sind, sind sie in der Regel nicht von den Browser-Herstellern auf Leistung getestet und sind tendenziell recht langsam.\nSelektorstrategien die linkText oder partialLinkText verwenden haben den Nachteil das diese nur für Link-Elemente angewandt werden können. Weiters werden diese Selektoren intern im WebDriver als XPath-Selektoren aufgelöst.\nDen HTML-Tag als Identifizierungsmerkmal zu verwenden kann gefährlich sein. Meistens sind viele Elemente mit dem gleichen HTML-Tag auf einer Webseite. Eine sinnvolle Verwendung könnte sein, diese Strategie mit der findElements(By) Methode zu verwenden, die eine Sammlung von WebElementen retourniert.\nEmpfohlen wird die Suchen so kompackt und einfach lesbar wie möglich zu halten. Den DOM abzufragen ist eine aufwändige Operation für den WebDriver, und je präziser der Suchbegriff ist, desto besser.\nRelative Suchstrategien Selenium 4 führt relative Locators ein, die zuvor als Friendly Locators bekannt waren. Diese Funktionalität wurde hinzugefügt um Elemente zu finden, die sicht in der Nähe zu anderen Elementen befinden. Folgende relative Locators sind verfügbar:\n above (oberhalb) below (unterhalb) toLeftOf (links) toRightOf (rechts) near (nahe/nächst)  findElement Methode akzeptiert nun eine weitere Möglichkeit withTagName() die einen relativen Locator liefert.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nWie funktionieren die relativen Suchemethoden Selenium verwendet folgende JavaScript Funktion getBoundingClientRect() um das entsprechende Element zu finden. Diese Funktion retourniert Eigenschaften eines Elements wie z.B right, left, bottom und top (links, rechts, oben, unten)\nBetrachten wir das folgende Beispiel um die Funktionalität der relativen Locators besser zu verstehen:\nabove() - oberhalb Liefert das WebElement, welches sich über dem spezifiziertem Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() - unterhalb Findet das WebElement, welches sich unter dem spezifiziertem Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() - links davon Liefert das WebElement, welches sich links vom spezifizierten Element befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() - rechts davon Liefert das WebElement, das sich rechts des spezifierten Elements befindet.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() - in der Nähe von Liefert das WebElement, welches maximal 50px vom spezifizierten Element entfernt ist.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Erstellen eines Applikations Zustandes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP Antwortcodes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Komponenten konfigurieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium installieren Die Installation von Selenium unterscheidet sich grundlegend von der Installation kommerzieller Tools. Um Selenium in Deinem Automationsprojekt zu verwenden, ist es notwendig zuerst die entsprechenden Bibliotheken der verwendeten Programmiersprache zu installieren. Weiters benötigst Du die passenden WebDriver Dateien entsprechend des verwendeten Browsers, der für die Automation benötigt, und auf dem die Tests ausgeführt werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Standalone Server installieren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Wenn Du vorhast Grid zu verwenden, dann solltest Du Dir selenium-server-standalone JAR downloaden. Alle benötigten Komponenten sind via selenium-server verfügbar. Die standalone JAR beinhaltet den Remote Selenium Server als auch die Client-side Implementierungen. Das bedeutet wenn die selenium-server-standalone JAR in Deinem Projekt verwendet wird, dann ist es nicht notwendig selenium-java oder browserspezifische JAR hinzuzufügen.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Testarten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?.\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?.\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once).\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should eventually pass (they should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again, starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on the above TDD, in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then do the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all types of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD, by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to German. Do you speak German? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Alte Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Erste Schritte mit WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Erste Schritte mit WebDriver Selenium unterstützt das Automatisieren aller wichtigsten Webbrowser durch die Verwendung von WebDriver.\nWebDriver ist eine API und ein Protokoll, das eine programmiersprachen unabhängige Schnittstelle definiert um den Webrowser zu steuern. Jeder Browser ist mit einer spezifischen Implementierung des Webdriver ausgestattet, auch driver genannt. Dieser driver ist die Komponente die verantwortlich ist um den Browser fernzusteuern, weiters handabt dieser die Kommunikation zwischen Selenium und dem Webbrowser.\nDiese Trennung wurde bewusst gemacht, um die Verantwortung der browserspezifischen Implementierung in die Hände der Browserhersteller zu legen. Selenium ermöglicht es diese Drittanbieter driver zu verwenden. Weiters werden auch eigene driver zur Verfügung gestellt die durch das Projekt gewartet werden, für den Fall das der Browserhersteller keine zur Verfügung stellt.\nDas Seleniumframework verbindet diese einzelnen Komponenten zu einer benutzerfreundlichen Schnittstelle die es ermöglicht, die verschiedenen Browserbackends einheitlich und browser- als auch plattform-unabhängig zu automatisieren.\nWeitere Details zu den drivers können unter Driver Eigenheiten aufgerufen werden.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Erweiterte Funktionen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Mausaktionen im Detail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mocken von externen Services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Über diese Dokumentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diese Dokumentation wird so wie auch der Sourcecode von Selenium zu 100% von der Selenium Community gepflegt. Von Anfang an haben zahlreiche Benutzer diese Dokumentation verwendet. Viele haben Sie auch nur für einen sehr kurzen Zeitraum genutzt und haben Zeit investiert um für Neulinge den Einstieg in das Thema zu erleichtern.\nFalls Du einen Fehler in der Dokumentation entdeckst, freuen wir uns wenn Du uns darauf aufmerksam machst. Der beste Weg uns das mitzuteilen ist es einen Issue (engl. Fehler) einzumelden https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues. Bitte überzeuge Dich zuerst mit Hilfe der Suchfunktion ob der Fehler schon eingemeldet wurde oder nicht. Falls nicht, hab keine Scheu diesen einzumelden.\nViele Nutzer der Selenium Community nutzen täglich den #selenium Libera Chat bei Libera.chat. Hier kannst Du Fragen stellen und wenn Dir geholfen wird und Du der Meinung bist das könnte auch für andere Benutzer hilfreich sein, dann solltest Du dies auch anderen zur Verfügung stellen. Wir können die Dokumentation updaten, aber einfacher und schneller geht es natürlich wenn jeder Nutzer mithilft die Dokumentation am Laufenden zu halten, auch wenn Sie nicht Committer sind.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Detailiertes Reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium wurde nicht dafür gemacht, um Berichte über den Status von Testfällen zu erstellen. Ein guter Ansatz ist, die inkludierten Möglichkeiten der Unit-Testframeworks zu nutzen. Die meisten Unit-Testframeworks bieten Möglichkeiten um xUnit oder HTML formatierte Reports zu generieren. xUnit-Reports werden oft verwendet um die Ergebnisse in eine Continuous Integration (CI) Umgebung wie Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. zu importieren. Folgend ein paar Links zu weiterführenden Informationen zu den Reports für unterschiedliche Programmiersprachen.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Rasterendpunkte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver Server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Der Server wird immer auf der Maschine ausgeführt, der den gewünschten Browser installiert hat, der für den Test genutzt werden soll. Der Server kann entweder mittels Eingabebeaufforderung oder mittels Programmcode gestartet werden.\nStarten des Servers über die Eingabebeaufforderung Nachdem selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar heruntergeladen wurde, platzieren Sie die Datei auf dem Rechner mit dem entsprechenden Browser. Führen Sie folgenden Befehl in dem Order aus, der die jar-Datei beinhaltet:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Überlegungen zum Betrieb des Servers Vom aufrufenden Programm wird erwartet, dass jede Session ordnungsgemäß beendet wird, entweder mit Selenium#stop() oder WebDriver#quit.\nDer Selenium-Server speichert die Logs für jede laufende Sitzung im Hauptspeicher, diese werden gelöscht sobald Selenium#stop() oder WebDriver#quit aufgerufen wird. Wenn vergessen wird, die Sitzungen zu schließen, kann dies ein Memoryleak verursachen. Falls extrem lange Testdurchführungen geplant sind, kann es notwendig sein, von Zeit zu Zeit den Server zu stoppen und erneut zu starten (oder den zugewiesenen Speicher mit der jvm Option -Xmx zu erhöhen).\nTimeouts (ab Version 2.21) Der Server hat zwei unterschiedliche Timeouts, die wie folgt festgelegt werden können:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Legt fest wie lange es dem Browser ermöglicht wird zu reagieren (in Sekunden)   timeout  Gibt an wie lange es dem Client erlaubt ist inaktiv zu sein, bevor die Session wieder freigegeben wird. (in Sekunden).    Die Systemeigenschaft (system property) selenium.server.session.timeout wird ab Version 2.21 nicht mehr unterstützt.\nZu Beachten ist, dass das browserTimeout als Backup Timeout Mechanismus gedacht ist, die hauptsächlich in Grid/Server Umgebungen genutzt werden sollten, falls herkömmliche Timeout-Mechanismen scheitern. Dies dient dazu das abgestürzte oder \u0026ldquo;vergessene\u0026rdquo; Prozesse nicht ewig aktiv bleiben und Prozesse geschlossen werden.\nKonfiguration des Servers mit Programmcode Theoretisch muss lediglich das DriverServlet auf eine URL verlinkt werden, es ist jedoch auch möglich, dies in einem schlanken Container (z.B. Jetty) zu verwenden, der vollständig im Code konfiguriert wird.\n Downloade selenium-server.zip und extrahiere die Datei. Füge die JARs dem CLASSPATH hinzu. Erstelle eine eine Klasse mit dem Namen AppServer.  Im folgenden Beispiel wird Jetty verwendet, diesen kann man hier downloaden.\nimport org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Supporter Klassen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Die WebDriver Supporter Klassen werden bereitgestellt um die Wartung des Codes einfacher zu gestalten. Es werden Abstraktionen angeboten die es ermöglichen HTML-Elemente als Domänen-Objekte leichter darzustellen, ebenso Hilfsmethoden um die Verwendung dieser Objekte zu vereinfachen. In diesem Kapitel werden folgende Themen erläutert:\n Locator Strategien Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard  ThreadGuard  Diese Klasse ist nur in den Java-Bindings enthalten\n ThreadGuard prüft ob alle Driver Aufrufe nur von dem Thread getätigt werden, der diesen Driver instanziert hat. Probleme mit Threading können, vor allem bei der parallelen Ausführung, zu mysteriösen Problemen führen, die schwer zu diagnostizieren sind. Die Verwendung dieses Wrappers verhindert Fehler dieser Kategorie und wirft eine Exception falls das Problem auftritt.\nDas folgende Beispiel provoziert einen solchen Fehler:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } Das Ergebnis sieht wie folgt aus:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Im Beispiel ist zu sehen:\n protectedDriver wird im Main-Thread erzeugt Es wird ein Javaobjekt vom Typ Runnable verwendet um einen neuen Prozess zu erzeugen und ein neuer Thread gestartet Beide Threads stürzen ab, weil der Main-Thread keinen protectedDriver in seinem Arbeitsspeicher hat. ThreadGruard.protect wirft eine Exception.  Bemerkung: Das ersetzt nicht die Notwendigkeit ThreadLocal zu verwenden um mehrere Drivers zu koordinieren wenn diese parallel laufen sollen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test Abhängigkeiten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver Der WebDriver steuert einen Browser so, wie es ein Benutzer tun würde, entweder lokal oder auf einem entfernten Rechner unter Verwendung des Selenium Servers. Dies ist ein Meilenstein in der Automatisierung von Browsern.\nSelenium WebDriver gilt als Synonym sowohl für die Programmiersprachimplementierungen als auch für das Steuerprogramm das den Browser steuert. Dies wird allgemein als WebDriver bezeichnet.\nSelenium WebDriver ist eine W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver ist eine einfache und übersichtliche Schnittstelle.\n  WebDriver ist eine kompakte objektorientierte API.\n  WebDriver steuert den Browser effektiv.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Effizienztests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Handling von Cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   // Please raise a PR    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup messages offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver Der WebDriver kann über eine Remoteverbindung genau so verwendet werden wie bei einer lokalen Verbindung. Der Hauptunterschied ist das der remote WebDriver konfiguriert werden muss, sodass die Testdurchführung auf einem anderen Rechner gestartet werden kann.\nDer remote WebDriver besteht aus zwei Komponenten: Einem Client und einem Server. Der Client besteht aus dem WebDriver-Test und der Server ist ein einfaches Java Servlet, welches auf jedem modernen JEE App Server gehostet werden kann.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Vermeiden von geteilten Testdaten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Anleitungen und Empfehlungen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Anleitungen und Empfehlungen Eine Bemerkung zu \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: Wir vermeiden absichtlich die Phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in dieser Dokumentation. Es gibt schlicht keinen Ansatz der für alle Situationen die beste Wahl ist. Wir bevorzugen die Formulierung \u0026ldquo;Anleitungen und Empfehlungen\u0026rdquo;. Wir ermutigen Euch gewissenhaft zu entscheiden welche die besten Ansätze für Euer Projekt sind, nachdem die Dokumentation gelesen wurde.\nFunktionales Testen ist ohnehin schon schwierig genug. Anwendungsstatus, Komplexität und Abhängigkeiten machen das Testen schon schwierig genug. Dazu kommt das der Umgang mit Browsern (insbesondere mit Cross-Browser-Inkompatiblitäten) das Schreiben guter Tests zu einer Herausforderung macht.\nSelenium stellt Werkzeuge zur Verfügung, die die funktionale Benutzerinteraktion erleichtern. Allerdings kann Selenium nicht dabei helfen gut aufgebaute Testsuiten zu schreiben. In diesem Kapitel haben wir Ratschläge, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen zusammengefasst, zur funktionalen Automatisierung von Webseiten.\nDieses Kapitel verwendet viele bewährte Software-Patterns die sich für viele Selenium Nutzer als erfolgreich erwiesen haben.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http Proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ein Proxy-Server fungiert als Zwischenstation für Anfragen zwischen Client und Server. Simpel erklärt werden die Daten über den Proxy zu der gewünschten Internetadresse und wieder retour geleitet.\nEin Proxy Server für die automatisierten Selenium-Skripte kann hilfreich sein bei:\n Aufzeichnen des Netzwerkverkehrs Mocken von Backend-Aufrufen die von der Website abgesetzt werden Zugriff auf die gewünschte Website unter komplexen Netzwerkbedingungen oder strengen Einschränkungen.  Hat man Probleme bei der Verbindung zu einer URL aus einem Unternehmensnetzwerk, deutet das meistens darauf hin, dass es notwendig ist die Verbindung über einen Proxy herzustellen.\nDer Selenium WebDriver stellt die Möglichkeit zur Verfügung um Proxyeinstellungen vorzunehmen:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link Suche","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Unabhängige Tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/","title":"Wie man es nicht machen sollte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Wie man es nicht machen sollte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Neuer Browser pro Test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Starte jeden Test mit einem definierten und \u0026ldquo;sauberen\u0026rdquo; Status. Idealerweise wird für jeden Test eine neue virtuelle Maschine gestartet. Sollte das starten einer virtuellen Maschine nicht praktikabel sein, sollte zumindest ein neuer WebDriver für jeden Test instanziert werden. Firefox sollte den WebDriver mit einem definierten Profil gestartet werden.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Webelement","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement repräsentiert ein Element im DOM. WebElemente können ausgehend vom Wurzelknoten (root) gesucht werden oder ausgehend von einem anderen WebElement.\nDie WebDriver API stellt Methoden zur Verfügung, die es ermöglichen WebElemente, aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften zu finden wie z.B. ID, Name, Class (CSS-Klasse), Xpath, CSS Selektoren, Text einer Verlinkung, etc.\nElemente finden findElement wird verwendet, um ein WebElement zu finden. Die Funktion liefert als Rückgabewert die Referenz auf ein einzelnes WebElement, dieses kann dann für weitere Aktionen verwendet werden.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Finden einer Liste von Elementen Äquivalent zu \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo; liefert die Funktion findElements eine Liste von WebElementen. Um ein bestimmtes Element aus der Liste zu verwenden, ist es notwendig über die Liste zu iterieren, um eine Aktion an den einzelnen Elementen auszuführen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Finden eines Elements innerhalb anderer Elemente Es ist auch möglich Elemente zu suchen, basierend auf einem existierenden Webelemente, sogenannte \u0026ldquo;Kinder\u0026rdquo; bzw. \u0026ldquo;Nachfahren\u0026rdquo;. Um dies durchzuführen, wird die \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; Methode direkt vom Elternknoten ausgeführt, um nach entsprechenden Kinder-Elementen zu suchen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Finden von mehreren Elementen innerhalb eines anderen Elements findElements wird verwenden um entsprechende WebElemente im Kontext eines Eltern-Elementen zu finden. Um dies durchzuführen wird die \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo;-Methode vom entsprechenden WebElement ausgeführt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Aktives Element Wird verwendet um das Element, das den Fokus hat zu finden oder um es zu verfolgen.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Element aktiviert? Die Methode dient dazu, um festzustellen, ob das referenzierte Element prüfen ob es aktiviert oder deaktiviert ist. Der Rückgabewert ist ein Boolean, Wahr wenn das Element aktiv (enabled) ist, andernfalls Falsch.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Element ausgewählt? Die Methode stellt fest of das referenzierte Element ausgewählt (Selected) ist oder nicht. Die Methode wird häufig verwendet mit WebElementen vom Typ Checkbox, Radiobutton, Eingabefelder und anderen Elementen die auswählbare Optionen anbieten.\nDer Rückgabewert ist ein Boolean, Wahr wenn das Element im aktuellen Browserkontext selektiert ist, andernfalls den Wert Falsch.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     TagName des Elements ermitteln Wird verwendet um den TagName des referenzierten Elements, zu ermitteln.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Ermitteln des Elementbereichs (Rect) Wird verwendet um die Dimension und die Koordinaten des entsprechenden Elementes zu ermitteln.\nDer Rückgabewert liefert folgende Werte:\n X-Koordinate des Elementes ausgehend von der linken oberen Ecke Y-Koordinate des Elementes ausgehend von der linken oberen Ecke Höhe des Elementes Breite des Elementes  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Ermitteln von CSS Werten Liefert den Wert einer spezifischen CSS Eigenschaft des entsprechenden Elementes im aktuellen Browserkontext.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Ermitteln des Textes Liefert den Text des spezifischen Elementes.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Eigenheiten der Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eigenheiten der Driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Tastatur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Tastatur repräsentiert Tastaturaktionen. Tastatur \u0026ldquo;Actions\u0026rdquo; werden mit Hilfe eines low-level Interface durchgeführt, dass ein virtualisiertes Eingabegerät für den Webbrowser zur Verfügung stellt.\nsendKeys Die sendKeys-Methode sendet eine Tastensequenz in das DOM Element, selbst wenn eine modifizierte Tastensequenz angegeben wird. Hier ist eine Liste der möglichen Tastenanschläge die vom WebDriver unterstützt wird.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyDown Die keyDown-Methode wird verwendet um Aktionen zu simulieren bei denen eine der modifizierenden Tasten gedrückt wird (STRG, SHIFT, ALT).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); Action keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build(); keydown.perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); IAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build(); keydown.Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform ensure driver.quit end   (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val action = Actions(driver) // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyUp Die keyUp-Methode wird verwendet um das key-up oder loslassen einer modifizieren Tasten (STRG, SHIFT, ALT) zu simulieren.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace HelloSelenium { class HelloSelenium { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store google search box WebElement  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store google search box WebElement  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) val action = Actions(driver) // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     clear Clear löscht den Inhalt von einem veränderbaren Element. Das gilt nur für Elemente die veränderbar und interaktionsfähig sind, sonst liefert Selenium eine Fehlermeldung (ungültiger Elementstatus (= element state) order Element nicht interaktionsfähig (=interactable))\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class clear { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) SearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Clears the entered text SearchInput.clear()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System; namespace SnipetProjectDelete { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.Clear(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) search_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;) # Clears the entered text search_input.clear ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); await searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  await searchInput.clear(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element  val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/","title":"Archivierte Komponenten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Archivierte Komponenten Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/","title":"Hinweise","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hinweise "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/","title":"Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt Selenium ist ein Sammlung von Projekten für einige Werkzeuge und Programmbibliotheken die es ermöglichen Webbrowser zu automatisieren.\nSelenium bietet Erweiterungen um Benutzereingaben in Browsern zu simulieren, einen Server um eine vielzahl von Browsern anzusprechen und eine Infrastruktur um die W3C WebDriver Spezifikation welche es ermöglicht die meistgenutzen Browser mit dem gleichen Programmcode zu steuern.\nDas Projekt wird durch viele Freiwillige Unterstützer möglich gemacht, sie haben tausende von Stunden ihrer Freizeit investiert und haben den Programmcode für jeden öffentlich zugänglich gemacht für jeden um diesen zu verwenden und ihn zu verbessern.\nSelenium fördert Disskussionen in Bezug Automation der Webplattform mit Browserhersteller, Ingeneure und Enthusiasten. Jedes Jahr wird vom Projekt eine Konferenz organisiert um Wissen zu vermitteln und die Community zu fördern.\nDas Herzstück von Selenium ist der WebDriver. Es handelt sich um ein Interface um das es ermöglicht Befehle für eine Vielzahl von Browsern auszuführen. Hier ein einfaches Beispiel welche Möglichkeiten geboten werden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Sie Dir die Kurzeinführung an um detailierte Informationen zu erhalten was im Hintergrund passiert wenn Du diesen Code ausführst. Du solltest mit der Einführung fortsetzen um die Installation zu verstehen und um Selenium erfolgreich einzusetzen, Testsets in größeren Umfang einzusetzen auf vielen verschiedenen Browsern und unterschiedlichen Betriebssystemen.\nErste Schritte Wenn Selenium für Dich Neuland ist, haben wir hier ein paar Quellen die Dir weiterhelfen möglichst schnell beginnen zu können.\n Kurze Einführung  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/contributing/","title":"Mitwirken bei der Selenium Website &amp; Dokumentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Diese Seite wird von Englisch auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it. The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.de.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 372bae2122ca..4e6adf1152fa 100644
--- a/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Über diese Dokumentation :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Über diese Dokumentation :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 Du dies auch anderen zur Verfügung stellen.
 Wir können die Dokumentation updaten, aber einfacher und schneller geht
 es natürlich wenn jeder Nutzer mithilft die Dokumentation am Laufenden
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diff --git a/documentation/de/introduction/index.html b/documentation/de/introduction/index.html
index 2b7fc791ad42..820995bd62a7 100644
--- a/documentation/de/introduction/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/introduction/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Einführung</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=einführung>Einführung</h1><p>Selenium ist ein Überbegriff für eine Sammlung von Werkzeugen und Programmbibliotheken die es ermöglichen Webbrowser zu automatisieren.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>“Einführung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
index 1902c2b8e257..a2f89f0b1c67 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -443,5 +443,5 @@
 time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more
 effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no
 test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within
-that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Testautomatisierung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=Testarten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Testautomatisierung”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=Testarten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
index 7216c98fbaf2..dfa1d420d042 100644
--- a/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -157,5 +157,5 @@
 Verantwortung für den Teil der Browserinteraktion an die Hersteller dieser übergeben wird.
 In jüngster Vergangenheit hat sich daraus der W3C Standardisierungsprozess abgeleitet, mit
 dem Ziel das die WebDriver Komponenten in Selenium in eine <em>du jour</em> Steuerungsbibliothek
-für Useragents wandelt.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/ title=Einführung><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=Testautomatisierung style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index 34e3455fa5fd..4a9f2750aecf 100644
--- a/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
@@ -143,5 +143,5 @@
 such as <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> or <strong><em>SpecFlow.</em></strong></p><p>A set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process
 even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into
 executable code.
-Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Testarten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=Testautomatisierung><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Über diese Dokumentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Testarten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=Testautomatisierung><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Über diese Dokumentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index 956aab9254d6..0d5be7f8266d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -151,5 +151,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migration von RC zu WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Alte Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migration von RC zu WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Alte Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/index.html
index 18d487de6620..b06f5d517d13 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/legacy_docs/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 auf Deutsch übersetzt. Sprichst Du Deutsch? Hilf uns die Seite
 zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div><h1 id=archivierte-komponenten>Archivierte Komponenten</h1><p>Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium.
 This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated
-components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/>“Archivierte Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/>“Archivierte Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index 7031d509daa5..d2981625236b 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Migration von RC zu WebDriver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231146 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Migration von RC zu WebDriver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -199,5 +199,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Notice how the passed in &ldquo;element&rdquo; variable appears as the first item
 in the JS standard &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; array.</p><h3 id=executing-javascript-doesnt-return-anything>Executing Javascript Doesn&rsquo;t Return Anything</h3><p>WebDriver&rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the &ldquo;return&rdquo; keyword:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>becomes:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migration von RC zu WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migration von RC zu WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index d68cb069d0fe..f86d74984649 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver Server :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -141,5 +141,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver Server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Alte Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/ title=Hinweise style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver Server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Alte Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/front_matter/ title=Hinweise style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index 3a1e9d986c2a..b86964117507 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
-field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Alte Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver Server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Alte Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver Server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index afa508e7fb6c..e16194bef7fc 100644
--- a/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -1006,5 +1006,5 @@
 you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative
 locator that only works in IE.</p><h3 id=error-encountered---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-with-shut-down-of--googlechrome--browser>Error encountered - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=error-encountered-in-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Error encountered in IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker
-AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/ title="Archivierte Komponenten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migration von RC zu WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/ title="Archivierte Komponenten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migration von RC zu WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 3fd2a9df3677..fd0be1e334da 100644
--- a/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 auf einem anderen Rechner gestartet werden kann.</p><p>Der remote WebDriver besteht aus zwei Komponenten: Einem Client und
 einem Server. Der Client besteht aus dem WebDriver-Test und der Server
 ist ein einfaches Java Servlet, welches auf jedem modernen JEE App Server
-gehostet werden kann.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Tastatur><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver Client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+gehostet werden kann.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Tastatur><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver Client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 27300aee25b8..ba465d0b8584 100644
--- a/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver Client :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -381,5 +381,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver Client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Anleitungen und Empfehlungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver Client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Anleitungen und Empfehlungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/index.html b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/index.html
index 59c04e6bd6ea..6ea5dfb51712 100644
--- a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Selenium installieren :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 zu verwenden, ist es notwendig zuerst die entsprechenden Bibliotheken der
 verwendeten Programmiersprache zu installieren. Weiters benötigst Du die passenden
 WebDriver Dateien entsprechend des verwendeten Browsers, der für die Automation
-benötigt, und auf dem die Tests ausgeführt werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/>“Selenium installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Über diese Dokumentation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Bibliotheken installieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
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--- a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>Die Selenium Bibliotheken für Ruby können mittels <em>gem</em> installiert werden:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>Die Installation der Selenium Bibliotheken für JavaScript kann mit npm durchgeführt werden:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Da es noch keine Implementierung für Kotlin gibt, müssen die Java Bibliothken verwendet werden,
-diese können analg zu <a href=#java>Java</a> mittels maven eingebunden werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Bibliotheken installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="WebDriver Binaries installieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+diese können analg zu <a href=#java>Java</a> mittels maven eingebunden werden.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Bibliotheken installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="WebDriver Binaries installieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index d3c573449745..0b3e46f1c678 100644
--- a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Standalone Server installieren :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Standalone Server installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="WebDriver Binaries installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Erste Schritte mit WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Standalone Server installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="WebDriver Binaries installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Erste Schritte mit WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index fb4e3bfc284b..d8a066c07436 100644
--- a/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 die browserspezifischen WebDriver Binaries zu installieren.</p><p>Downloade die entsprechende <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/>WebDriver binary</a>
 für den Browser den Du verwenden willst und speichere die
-Datei in Deinem <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PFAD</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“WebDriver Binaries installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Bibliotheken installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Standalone Server installieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Datei in Deinem <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PFAD</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“WebDriver Binaries installieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Bibliotheken installieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Standalone Server installieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/sitemap.xml b/documentation/de/sitemap.xml
index 5d83aeb9415c..834d05f046e5 100644
--- a/documentation/de/sitemap.xml
+++ b/documentation/de/sitemap.xml
@@ -1 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
index ffe5007e7335..26576663ed83 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Chrome Devtools :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -493,5 +493,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Handling von Cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/ title="Archivierte Komponenten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Handling von Cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/legacy_docs/ title="Archivierte Komponenten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/index.html
index 564ce8651d43..012bdb50e464 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Support packages</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=support-packages>Support packages</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/>“Support packages”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver spezifische Capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Arbeiten mit Farben" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Verlauf löschen</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Bearbeite diese Seite" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.de.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Bearbeite diese Seite</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/>Das Selenium Browser Automations Projekt</a> > Support packages</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=support-packages>Support packages</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/>“Support packages”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver spezifische Capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Arbeiten mit Farben" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index cd090956e197..1cdc889ece9a 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Mausaktionen im Detail :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -1196,5 +1196,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Mausaktionen im Detail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Handling von Cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Mausaktionen im Detail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Handling von Cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 8da6a60430e7..1a177b7792bf 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Arbeiten mit Farben :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231146 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -326,5 +326,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Farben sind kein Problem mehr.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Arbeiten mit Farben”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Farben sind kein Problem mehr.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Arbeiten mit Farben”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index b5b618f6626e..3c05a97e6c37 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Handling von Cookies :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -778,5 +778,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Handling von Cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mausaktionen im Detail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Handling von Cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mausaktionen im Detail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index cd77b0154694..94a617985fc6 100644
--- a/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -396,5 +396,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Arbeiten mit Farben"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mausaktionen im Detail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Arbeiten mit Auswahlelementen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Arbeiten mit Farben"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mausaktionen im Detail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/tags/index.html b/documentation/de/tags/index.html
index 8fd40a45b2e6..046fe396d48a 100644
--- a/documentation/de/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 76815be1c08a..1c4ee166717b 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver Bidi APIs :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239577 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Elemente lokalisieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Elemente lokalisieren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239577></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239577></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239577></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239577></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 31490b75a127..36989859fe54 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239577 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239577></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239577></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239577></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -1445,5 +1445,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode29 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser Manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver Vorraussetzungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Elemente lokalisieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser Manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver Vorraussetzungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Elemente lokalisieren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index f48fc6f40db1..cde69e471c72 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driver Vorraussetzungen :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231146 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
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@@ -627,5 +627,5 @@
 nicht mehr gewartet <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>seit dem 5. August 2017</a>.
 Das Web entwickelt sich ständig weiter, jedoc wird PhantomJS nicht mehr aktualisiert.
 Die Einstellung erfolgte nachdem Google angekündigt hatte eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen Chrome
-&ldquo;headless&rdquo; zu starten, die Funktionalität ist auch in Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox enthalten.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver Vorraussetzungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Erklärung der Komponenten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser Manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+&ldquo;headless&rdquo; zu starten, die Funktionalität ist auch in Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox enthalten.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver Vorraussetzungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Erklärung der Komponenten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser Manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index 17b83b69bf65..cebfa825329a 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Http Proxies :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -207,5 +207,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http Proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http Proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/index.html
index e95759676a53..d3afdde8e042 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 Selenium Servers. Dies ist ein Meilenstein in der Automatisierung von Browsern.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver gilt als Synonym sowohl für die
 Programmiersprachimplementierungen als auch für das Steuerprogramm das
 den Browser steuert. Dies wird allgemein als <em>WebDriver</em> bezeichnet.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver ist eine <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>W3C Recommendation</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver ist eine einfache und
-übersichtliche Schnittstelle.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver ist eine kompakte objektorientierte API.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver steuert den Browser effektiv.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Erklärung der Komponenten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+übersichtliche Schnittstelle.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver ist eine kompakte objektorientierte API.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver steuert den Browser effektiv.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driverimplementierungen anderer Anbieter und Plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Erklärung der Komponenten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index e86c981a549d..66207b958b03 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Supporter Klassen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http Proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Supporter Klassen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http Proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index 0b719b6afd06..2b56ecf0bbdd 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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@@ -583,5 +583,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/>“Tastatur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/ title=Webelement><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/>“Tastatur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/ title=Webelement><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index 522618876952..d25e1bfa3135 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Elemente lokalisieren :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -458,5 +458,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Elemente lokalisieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser Manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Elemente lokalisieren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser Manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 4b55ea28763b..0eb89d9a3807 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -405,5 +405,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http Proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/ title=Webelement style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http Proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/ title=Webelement style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 0c6b0abed85c..06c594d2e181 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/support_classes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 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@@ -126,5 +126,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Im Beispiel ist zu sehen:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> wird im Main-Thread erzeugt</li><li>Es wird ein Javaobjekt vom Typ <code>Runnable</code> verwendet um einen neuen
 Prozess zu erzeugen und ein neuer <code>Thread</code> gestartet</li><li>Beide <code>Threads</code> stürzen ab, weil der Main-Thread keinen
 <code>protectedDriver</code> in seinem Arbeitsspeicher hat.</li><li><code>ThreadGruard.protect</code> wirft eine Exception.</li></ul><h4 id=bemerkung>Bemerkung:</h4><p>Das ersetzt nicht die Notwendigkeit <code>ThreadLocal</code> zu verwenden um mehrere Drivers
-zu koordinieren wenn diese parallel laufen sollen.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/>“Supporter Klassen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+zu koordinieren wenn diese parallel laufen sollen.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/>“Supporter Klassen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript-Warnungen, Fragen und Bestätigungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index d5e915d9796a..e170c74c532c 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 der folgenden Grafik zu finden.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="Test framework"></p><p>Frameworks oder Tools die natürliche Sprache verwenden wie z.B. Cucucmber
 können in ein solches Testframework eingebunden werden wie in der Grafik
 dargestellt ist, oder sie können eine eigene Implementierung anbieten
-und ein anderes Testframework wrappen.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Erklärung der Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver Vorraussetzungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231146></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231146></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231146></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231146></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+und ein anderes Testframework wrappen.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Erklärung der Komponenten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver Vorraussetzungen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/index.html
index a677b1a89972..262ffdd0266b 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Waits :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/waits/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -524,5 +524,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Supporter Klassen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Supporter Klassen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index 6c3fe368e1c5..6a2a0651513d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231146 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231146></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231146></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231146></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Webelement :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -958,5 +958,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/>“Webelement”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Tastatur style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/web_element/>“Webelement”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Strategien beim Laden von Webseiten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Tastatur style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index b868d16b5622..2ef66f6bb53d 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 zu übersetzen indem Du uns einen Pull Reqeust schickst!</p></div>CAPTCHA, short for <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em>,
 is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try!
-There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment</li><li>Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/ title="Wie man es nicht machen sollte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment</li><li>Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/ title="Wie man es nicht machen sollte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index c54ad48301bb..d5ed82013afa 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Dateidownloads :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Suchen...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 Instead, find the link using Selenium
 (and any required cookies)
 and pass it to a HTTP request library like
-<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Dateidownloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP Antwortcodes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Dateidownloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP Antwortcodes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index 73c2a40837c3..97f2b905a27e 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -111,5 +111,5 @@
 <a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C conformant</a>
 also annotate the <code>navigator</code> object
 with a <code>WebDriver</code> property
-so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP Antwortcodes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test Abhängigkeiten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP Antwortcodes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test Abhängigkeiten" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index c1c8f103c155..4f0ee0e91b8f 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231147></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -131,5 +131,5 @@
 Additionally, not every browser
 makes the response codes available to WebDriver,
 so opting to use a proxy
-allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP Antwortcodes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=Dateidownloads><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP Antwortcodes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=Dateidownloads><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, Email und Facebook Logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/index.html
index 995b0f336931..1e3cf1c539b0 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index 6e58508b3beb..14e1cdb4c0c2 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 or using a library such as BeautifulSoup
 since these methods do not rely
 on creating a browser and navigating to a page.
-You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link Suche”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=Effizienztests><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link Suche”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=Effizienztests><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 4bd0826a26fd..d56741fe017f 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
+<!doctype html><html lang=de class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Effizienztests :: Dokumentation für Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -126,5 +126,5 @@
 There are performance testing tools available
 that can do this job already,
 that provide reporting and analysis,
-and can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Effizienztests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test Abhängigkeiten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link Suche" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Effizienztests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test Abhängigkeiten"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link Suche" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index e33c2bdb2319..701e7dc2cbd7 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 46d63d23362a..37f48254f150 100644
--- a/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/de";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/ title="Erste Schritte" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/>Erste Schritte
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/getting_started/quick/ title="Kurze Einführung" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/getting_started/quick/>Kurze Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/ title=Einführung class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/>Einführung
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Das Seleniumprojekt und die Tools
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our
 Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.</p><p>There are few options to get around 2FA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can
 use those user credentials in the automation.</li><li>Disable 2FA in your test environment.</li><li>Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our
-test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=Dateidownloads style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=Dateidownloads style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/en/404.html b/documentation/en/404.html
index c65f23b4b63f..733d7bf37993 100644
--- a/documentation/en/404.html
+++ b/documentation/en/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Woops. Looks like this page doesn't exist ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en>Go to homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Woops. Looks like this page doesn't exist ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en>Go to homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/en/categories/index.html b/documentation/en/categories/index.html
index 901e8415b703..71429aba3c1b 100644
--- a/documentation/en/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/contributing/index.html b/documentation/en/contributing/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/en/contributing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -176,5 +176,5 @@
 integrate it on the repository&rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a
 linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase
 your branch history.</p><h2 id=communication>Communication</h2><p>All details on how to communicate with the project contributors
-and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index dd886bcdbd21..10c6c6eeaa15 100644
--- a/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driver specific capabilities :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -660,5 +660,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specific capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specific capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index 40bde100725f..a582500c0af5 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Driver idiosyncrasies</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=driver-idiosyncrasies>Driver idiosyncrasies</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Driver idiosyncrasies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Grid endpoints"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Driver idiosyncrasies</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=driver-idiosyncrasies>Driver idiosyncrasies</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Driver idiosyncrasies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Grid endpoints"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index a5b92fd5e952..13fe262d322c 100644
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+++ b/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -146,5 +146,5 @@
 may not match the values set in the browser.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks
 should be applied to <em>input type=file</em> elements. As strict interactability
 checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour
-when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index c1a710a443ff..06d7a05d1e87 100644
--- a/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Copyright and attributions :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1290,5 +1290,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/en/front_matter/index.html
index 12186c898a2c..7118ced21593 100644
--- a/documentation/en/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Front matter :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>日本語</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Front matter</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=front-matter>Front matter</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/>“Front matter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 43a2cea44d88..cc879497f49f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@
 linefeeds can be added anywhere
 that there is a break between ideas.</p><p>This can make diffs very easy to read
 when collaborating through git,
-but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/en/getting_started/index.html
index 0c30afb42a16..e6067d3aad28 100644
--- a/documentation/en/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class="dd-item
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Getting started</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=getting-started>Getting started</h1><p>If you are new to Selenium,
 we have a few resources that can help you
-get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>“Getting started”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/ title="The Selenium Browser Automation Project"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>“Getting started”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/ title="The Selenium Browser Automation Project"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/index.html
index 282e6409508b..d1052096ba89 100644
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Quick tour :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/getting_started/quick/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -110,5 +110,5 @@
 executed by the remote end.</p><p>After the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face
 the need of running your tests on multiple browser and
 operating system combinations.
-This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>“Quick tour”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>“Quick tour”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index ba5e3c255e2f..4947d78a9d2d 100644
--- a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/>Getting started with WebDriver</a> > Browsers</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#consumer-browsers>Consumer browsers</a></li><li><a href=#specialized-browsers>Specialized browsers</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Browsers</h1><h2 id=consumer-browsers>Consumer browsers</h2><p>The Selenium framework officially supports the following browsers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Maintainer</th><th>Versions Supported</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>All versions</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 and newer</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 and newer</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 and newer</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 and newer</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 and newer</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=specialized-browsers>Specialized browsers</h2><p>There is also a set of specialized browsers out there
 typically used in development environments.
 We can make use of some of these browsers for automation purposes also,
-and Selenium ties in support for the following specialized drivers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver Name</th><th>Purpose</th><th>Maintainer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Getting started with WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Third party drivers and plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and Selenium ties in support for the following specialized drivers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver Name</th><th>Purpose</th><th>Maintainer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Getting started with WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Third party drivers and plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index cfcaa42335ce..d210bbc5bb99 100644
--- a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Getting started with WebDriver :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@
 through a user-facing interface that enables the different browser backends
 to be used transparently,
 enabling cross-browser and cross-platform automation.</p><p>More details about drivers can be found in
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Idiosyncrasies</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Getting started with WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Idiosyncrasies</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Getting started with WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index e554f2718a04..c1e613969fc4 100644
--- a/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Third party drivers and plugins :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 Some of the plugins are available under another free and open source software
 license; others are only available under a proprietary license. Any questions
 about plugins and their license of distribution need to be raised with their
-respective developer(s).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Third party drivers and plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+respective developer(s).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Third party drivers and plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index d62e034bb3d2..81028ed50098 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231147></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes.
 A node on Windows might have the capability of
 offering Internet Explorer as a browser option,
-whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/index.html
index b8959920fb29..bb0e323d4446 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 25e12f025cfd..0202578e8892 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Setting up your own :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -223,5 +223,5 @@
 both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found
 within the <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>
 repository.</p><h3 id=prerequisite>Prerequisite</h3><p>The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working.
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index b58a1070398a..451dcc0c7306 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 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+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Advanced Features”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config help"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -145,5 +145,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observability”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observability”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 0c00e200bc09..951d4b883a97 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Components :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>New Session Queuer</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index f0fbe007fbfb..38b22a708936 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Config help :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Config help :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Config help”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuring Components"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Config help”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuring Components"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index f5b71d018b0d..861015b6ef1f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Configuring Components :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Configuring Components</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configuring Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config help" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configuring Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config help" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index f82a0d38f8b5..e851afa3a0f9 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -182,5 +182,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Grid endpoints" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Grid endpoints" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 0cd72e2390b4..bbc5424923fb 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -130,5 +130,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Grid endpoints”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Grid endpoints”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a> > Grid 4</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase
 the previous version had.</p><p>Grid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order
 to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.</p><p>To get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set
-up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuring Components" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuring Components" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/index.html
index 0eaa06f8bee9..6a1d986f79d1 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index a003e1be0029..bd65461a4b89 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a> > Purposes and main functionalities</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Purposes and main functionalities</h1><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Purposes and main functionalities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>Grid</a> > Purposes and main functionalities</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Purposes and main functionalities</h1><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Purposes and main functionalities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index a289323522f1..bba46698faba 100644
--- a/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>When to use Grid :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@
 parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.</p><p>Grid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow
 multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as
 this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and
-support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index 8ebfc17eebe6..e00a2851d8f3 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests
 pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.</p></li><li><p>Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another
 test e.g. invalid order records.</p></li><li><p>Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation
-and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index ef61cfdeb103..824d3596c060 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -153,5 +153,5 @@
     <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 36b3330c0abb..9272784b2cff 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Domain specific language :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -152,5 +152,5 @@
 done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things
 the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests
 should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go
-about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 398f03aabd38..eca02a64d9d5 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 at least start a new WebDriver for each test.
 For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index e6a8019b0576..9f3c187199d3 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Generating application state :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a
 cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for
 testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously,
-existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index 66d998577f8f..c114be06617e 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Improved reporting :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit
 reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration
 (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links
-for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
index cc6b82eec8cf..0c6525a77927 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Guidelines and recommendations :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations
 on how to approach functional web page automation.</p><p>This chapter records software design patterns popular
 amongst many of the users of Selenium
-that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index db350206d794..b3dcc33629f8 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -236,5 +236,5 @@
 beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the
 concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As
 was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the
-reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index 7de971e4191e..93f7ce87714f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the
 other test after publishing.</p><p>Instead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off
 within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However,
-for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/index.html b/documentation/en/index.html
index 46cc2f47856e..eca5a2e28229 100644
--- a/documentation/en/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>The Selenium Browser Automation Project :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -235,5 +235,5 @@
 in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers,
 on several different operating systems.</p><h2 id=getting-started>Getting started</h2><p>If you are new to Selenium,
 we have a few resources that can help you
-get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/index.json b/documentation/en/index.json
index 3b7d3f76689f..216698be4f4f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/index.json
+++ b/documentation/en/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Consumer browsers The Selenium framework officially supports the following browsers:\n   Browser Maintainer Versions Supported     Chrome Chromium All versions   Firefox Mozilla 54 and newer   Edge Microsoft 84 and newer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 and newer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 and newer   Safari Apple 10 and newer    Specialized browsers There is also a set of specialized browsers out there typically used in development environments. We can make use of some of these browsers for automation purposes also, and Selenium ties in support for the following specialized drivers:\n   Driver Name Purpose Maintainer     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, short for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try! There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:\n Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the New Session Queuer, which will add it to the New Session Queue. The New Session Queuer will trigger an event through the Event Bus. The Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled) will receive the event and poll the New Session Queuer to get the new session request. If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nNew Session Queuer, New Session Queue The New Session Queuer is the only component which can communicate with the New Session Queue. It handles all queue operations like add to manipulate the queue. It has configurable parameters for setting the request timeout and request retry interval.\nThe New Session Queuer receives the new session request from the Router and adds it to the queue. The queuer waits until it receives the response for the request. If the request times out, the request is rejected immediately and not added to the queue.\nUpon successfully adding the request to the queue, Event Bus triggers an event. The Distributor picks up this event and polls the queue. It now attempts to create a session.\nIf the requested capabilities do not exist in any of the registered Nodes, then the request is rejected immediately and the client receives a response.\nIf the requested capabilities match the capabilities of any of Node slots, Distributor attempts to get the available slot. If all the slots are busy, the Distributor will ask the queuer to add the request to the front of the queue. The Distributor receives the request again after the request retry interval. It will attempt retries until the request is successful or has timed out. If request times out while retrying or adding to the front of the queue its rejected.\nAfter getting an available slot and session creation, the Distributor passes the new session response to the New Session Queuer via the Event Bus. The New Session Queuer will respond to the client when it receives the event.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map New Session Queuer Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Config help","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/","title":"Getting started","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installing Selenium libraries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"First you need to install the Selenium bindings for your automation project. The installation process for libraries depends on the language you choose to use.\nJava Installation of Selenium libraries for Java can be done using Maven. Add the selenium-java dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; The selenium-java dependency supports running your automation project with all Selenium supported browsers. If you want to run tests only in a specific browser, you can add the dependency for that browser in your pom.xml file. For example, you should add following dependency in your pom.xml file to run your tests only in Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; In a similar manner, if you want to run tests only in Chrome, you should add the following dependency:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Installation of Selenium libraries for Python can be done using pip:\npip install selenium Alternatively you can download the PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) and install it using setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# Installation of Selenium libraries for C# can be done using NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Due to missing native language bindings for Kotlin, you have to use the Java Bindings, e.g. with maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Purposes and main functionalities","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/","title":"Quick tour","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is not just one tool or API but it composes many tools.\nWebDriver If you are beginning with desktop website or mobile website test automation, then you are going to be using WebDriver APIs. WebDriver uses browser automation APIs provided by browser vendors to control browser and run tests. This is as if a real user is operating the browser. Since WebDriver does not require its API to be compiled with application code, it is not intrusive. Hence, you are testing the same application which you push live.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Chrome and Firefox extension and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It records the users\u0026rsquo; actions in the browser for you, using existing Selenium commands, with parameters defined by the context of that element. This is not only a time-saver but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nGrid Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end. The remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: When navigating to a new page via URL, by default Selenium will wait until the page has fully loaded before responding. This works well for beginners, but can cause long wait times on pages that load a large number of third party resources. Using a non default strategy can make test execution faster in cases like this, but can also introduce flakiness where elements on the page change position as elements load in and change size.\nThe page load strategy queries the document.readyState as described in the table below:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Used by default, waits for all resources to download   eager interactive DOM access is ready, but other resources like images may still be loading   none Any Does not block WebDriver at all    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"The Selenium project and tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controls web browsers Selenium is many things but at its core, it is a toolset for web browser automation that uses the best techniques available to remotely control browser instances and emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser.\nIt allows users to simulate common activities performed by end-users; entering text into fields, selecting drop-down values and checking boxes, and clicking links in documents. It also provides many other controls such as mouse movement, arbitrary JavaScript execution, and much more.\nAlthough used primarily for front-end testing of websites, Selenium is at its core a browser user agent library. The interfaces are ubiquitous to their application, which encourages composition with other libraries to suit your purpose.\nOne interface to rule them all One of the project\u0026rsquo;s guiding principles is to support a common interface for all (major) browser technologies. Web browsers are incredibly complex, highly engineered applications, performing their operations in completely different ways but which frequently look the same while doing so. Even though the text is rendered in the same fonts, the images are displayed in the same place and the links take you to the same destination. What is happening underneath is as different as night and day. Selenium “abstracts” these differences, hiding their details and intricacies from the person writing the code. This allows you to write several lines of code to perform a complicated workflow, but these same lines will execute on Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, and all other supported browsers.\nTools and support Selenium\u0026rsquo;s minimalist design approach gives it the versatility to be included as a component in bigger applications. The surrounding infrastructure provided under the Selenium umbrella gives you the tools to put together your grid of browsers so tests can be run on different browsers and multiple operating systems across a range of machines.\nImagine a bank of computers in your server room or data center all firing up browsers at the same time hitting your site\u0026rsquo;s links, forms, and tables—testing your application 24 hours a day. Through the simple programming interface provided for the most common languages, these tests will run tirelessly in parallel, reporting back to you when errors occur.\nIt is an aim to help make this a reality for you, by providing users with tools and documentation to not only control browsers but to make it easy to scale and deploy such grids.\nWho uses Selenium Many of the most important companies in the world have adopted Selenium for their browser-based testing, often replacing years-long efforts involving other proprietary tools. As it has grown in popularity, so have its requirements and challenges multiplied.\nAs the web becomes more complicated and new technologies are added to websites, it\u0026rsquo;s the mission of this project to keep up with them where possible. Being an open source project, this support is provided through the generous donation of time from many volunteers, every one of which has a “day job”.\nAnother mission of the project is to encourage more volunteers to partake in this effort, and build a strong community so that the project can continue to keep up with emerging technologies and remain a dominant platform for functional test automation.\nHistory When Selenium 1 was released in 2004, it was out of the necessity to reduce time spent manually verifying consistent behaviour in the front-end of a web application. It made use of what tools were available at the time and relied heavily on the injection of JavaScript to the web page under test to emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction.\nWhilst JavaScript is a good tool to let you introspect the properties of the DOM and to do certain client-side observations that you would otherwise not be able to do, it falls short on the ability to naturally replicate a user\u0026rsquo;s interactions as if the mouse and keyboard are being used.\nSince then, Selenium has grown and matured a lot, into a tool widely used by many—if not most—of the largest organisations around the world. Selenium has gone from a homebrewed test automation toolkit developed at Thoughtworks for a niché audience and a specific use case, to the world\u0026rsquo;s de facto browser automation library.\nJust as Selenium RC made use of the tools of the trade available at the time, Selenium WebDriver drives that tradition on by taking the browser interaction part to the browser vendor\u0026rsquo;s home turf and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations. Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium into the du jour remote control library for user agents.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Understanding the components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Building a test suite using WebDriver will require you to understand and effectively use a number of different components. As with everything in software, different people use different terms for the same idea. Below is a breakdown of how terms are used in this description.\nTerminology  API: Application Programming Interface. This is the set of \u0026ldquo;commands\u0026rdquo; you use to manipulate WebDriver. Library: A code module which contains the APIs and the code necessary to implement them. Libraries are specific to each language binding, eg .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, etc. Driver: Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself, not on the system executing the test suite. (Although those may be the same system.) NOTE: Some people refer to the drivers as proxies. Framework: An additional library used as a support for WebDriver suites. These frameworks may be test frameworks such as JUnit or NUnit. They may also be frameworks supporting natural language features such as Cucumber or Robotium. Frameworks may also be written and used for things such as manipulating or configuring the system under test, data creation, test oracles, etc.  The Parts and Pieces At its minimum, WebDriver talks to a browser through a driver. Communication is two way: WebDriver passes commands to the browser through the driver, and receives information back via the same route.\nThe driver is specific to the browser, such as ChromeDriver for Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, GeckoDriver for Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. The driver runs on the same system as the browser. This may, or may not be, the same system where the tests themselves are executing.\nThis simple example above is direct communication. Communication to the browser may also be remote communication through Selenium Server or RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver runs on the same system as the driver and the browser.\nRemote communication can also take place using Selenium Server or Selenium Grid, both of which in turn talk to the driver on the host system\nWhere Frameworks fit in WebDriver has one job and one job only: communicate with the browser via any of the methods above. WebDriver does not know a thing about testing: it does not know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly does not know a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.\nThis is where various frameworks come in to play. At a minimum you will need a test framework that matches the language bindings, e.g. NUnit for .NET, JUnit for Java, RSpec for Ruby, etc.\nThe test framework is responsible for running and executing your WebDriver and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin to the following image.\nNatural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework entirely in their own implementation.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver requirements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Through WebDriver, Selenium supports all major browsers on the market such as Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari. Where possible, WebDriver drives the browser using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in support for automation, although not all browsers have official support for remote control.\nWebDriver\u0026rsquo;s aim is to emulate a real user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser as closely as possible. This is possible at varying levels in different browsers. For more details on the different driver idiosyncrasies, please see Driver Idiosyncrasies.\nEven though all the drivers share a single user-facing interface for controlling the browser, they have slightly different ways of setting up browser sessions. Since many of the driver implementations are provided by third parties, they are not included in the standard Selenium distribution.\nDriver instantiation, profile management, and various browser specific settings are examples of parameters that have different requirements depending on the browser. This section explains the basic requirements for getting you started with the different browsers.\nAdding Executables to your PATH Most drivers require an extra executable for Selenium to communicate with the browser. You can manually specify where the executable lives before starting WebDriver, but this can make your tests less portable as the executables will need to be in the same place on every machine, or include the executable within your test code repository.\nBy adding a folder containing WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s binaries to your system\u0026rsquo;s path, Selenium will be able to locate the additional binaries without requiring your test code to locate the exact location of the driver.\n Create a directory to place the executables in, like C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin Add the directory to your PATH:  On Windows - Open a command prompt as administrator and run the following command to permanently add the directory to your path for all users on your machine:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Bash users on macOS and Linux - In a terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   You are now ready to test your changes. Close all open command prompts and open a new one. Type out the name of one of the binaries in the folder you created in the previous step, e.g.:\nchromedriver   If your PATH is configured correctly, you will see some output relating to the startup of the driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. You can regain control of your command prompt by pressing Ctrl+C\nQuick reference    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome To drive Chrome or Chromium, you have to download chromedriver and put it in a folder that is on your system\u0026rsquo;s path.\nOn Linux or macOS, this means modifying the PATH environmental variable. You can see what directories, separated by a colon, make up your system\u0026rsquo;s path by executing the following command:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin To include chromedriver on the path, if it is not already, make sure you include the chromedriver binary\u0026rsquo;s parent directory. The following line will set the PATH environmental variable its current content, plus an additional path added after the colon:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; When chromedriver is available on your path, you should be able to execute the chromedriver executable from any directory.\nTo instantiate a Chrome/Chromium session, you can do the following:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     The chromedriver is implemented as a WebDriver remote server that instructs the browser what to do by exposing Chrome\u0026rsquo;s internal automation proxy interface.\nFirefox Starting with Selenium 3, Mozilla has taken over implementation of Firefox Driver, with geckodriver. The new driver for Firefox is called geckodriver and works with Firefox 48 and newer. Since the Firefox WebDriver is under development, the newer the Firefox version the better the support.\nAs geckodriver is the new default way of launching Firefox, you can instantiate Firefox in the same way as Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     If you prefer not to set geckodriver\u0026rsquo;s location using PATH, set the geckodriver binary location programmatically:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     It is also possible to set the property at run time:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver It is currently possible to revert to the older, more feature complete Firefox driver, by installing Firefox 47.0.1 or 45 ESR and specifying a desired capability of marionette as false. Later releases of Firefox are no longer compatible.\nEdge Edge is Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s newest browser, included with Windows 10 and Server 2016. Updates to Edge are bundled with major Windows updates, so you will need to download a binary which matches the build number of your currently installed build of Windows. The Edge Developer site contains links to all the available binaries. Bugs against the EdgeDriver implementation can be raised with Microsoft. If you would like to run tests against Edge, but are not running Windows 10, Microsoft offer free VMs for testers on the Edge Developer site.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     If Edge driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer was Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s default browser until Windows 10, although it is still included in Windows 10. Internet Explorer Driver is the only driver The Selenium project aims to support the same releases Microsoft considers current. Older releases may work, but will be unsupported.\nWhile the Selenium project provides binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer, there are some limitations with Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 with the 64-bit driver, but using the 32-bit driver continues to work well. It should be noted that as Internet Explorer preferences are saved against the logged in user\u0026rsquo;s account, some additional setup is required.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     If Internet Explorer driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft also offer a WebDriver binary for Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1. It has not been updated since 2014 and is based on a draft version of the W3 specification. Jim Evans has an excellent writeup on Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s implementation.\nOpera Current releases of Opera are built on top of the Chromium engine, and WebDriver is now supported via the closed-source Opera Chromium Driver, which can be added to your PATH or as a system property.\nInstantiating a driver session is similar to Firefox and Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Enable the Developer menu from Safari preferences Check the Allow Remote Automation option from with the Develop menu Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ You can then start a driver session using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Those looking to automate Safari on iOS should look to the Appium project. Whilst Safari was previously available for Windows, Apple has long since dropped support, making it a poor choice of test platform.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HtmlUnit is a \u0026ldquo;GUI-Less browser for Java programs\u0026rdquo;. It models HTML documents and provides an API that allows you to invoke pages, fill out forms, click links, etc. It has JavaScript support and is able to work with AJAX libraries, simulating Chrome, Firefox or Internet Explorer depending on the configuration used. It has been moved to a new location. The source is maintained on svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is a headless browser based on Webkit, albeit a version much older than that used by Google Chrome or Safari. Whilst historically a popular choice, it would now be wise to avoid PhantomJS. The project has been unmaintained since the 5th of August 2017, so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated. This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly, something also now offered by Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specific capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Define Capabilities using FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is the new way to define capabilities for the Firefox browser and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile It is possible to create a custom profile for Firefox as demonstrated below.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout In some environments, Internet Explorer may timeout when opening the File Upload dialog. IEDriver has a default timeout of 1000ms, but you can increase the timeout using the fileUploadDialogTimeout capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"File downloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installing WebDriver binaries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To execute your project and control the browser you need to have browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.\nDownload the WebDriver binary supported by your browser and place it in the System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observability","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"On test automation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve also added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Third party drivers and plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium can be extended through the use of plugins. Here are a number of plugins created and maintained by third parties. For more information on how to create your own plugin or have it listed, consult the docs.\nPlease note that these plugins are not supported, maintained, hosted, or endorsed by the Selenium project. In addition, be advised that the plugins listed below are not necessarily licensed under the Apache License v.2.0. Some of the plugins are available under another free and open source software license; others are only available under a proprietary license. Any questions about plugins and their license of distribution need to be raised with their respective developer(s).\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser.\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configuring Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP response codes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installing Standalone server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"If you plan to use Grid then you should download the selenium-server-standalone JAR file. All the components are available via selenium-server. The standalone JAR contains everything, including the remote Selenium server and the client-side bindings. This means that if you use the selenium-server-standalone jar in your project, you do not have to add selenium-java or a browser specific jar.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Locating elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Locating one element One of the most fundamental techniques to learn when using WebDriver is how to find elements on the page. WebDriver offers a number of built-in selector types, amongst them finding an element by its ID attribute:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     As seen in the example, locating elements in WebDriver is done on the WebDriver instance object. The findElement(By) method returns another fundamental object type, the WebElement.\n WebDriver represents the browser WebElement represents a particular DOM node (a control, e.g. a link or input field, etc.)  Once you have a reference to a web element that\u0026rsquo;s been “found”, you can narrow the scope of your search by using the same call on that object instance:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     You can do this because both the WebDriver and WebElement types implement the SearchContext interface. In WebDriver, this is known as a role-based interface. Role-based interfaces allow you to determine whether a particular driver implementation supports a given feature. These interfaces are clearly defined and try to adhere to having only a single role of responsibility. You can read more about WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s design and what roles are supported in which drivers in the Some Other Section Which Must Be Named.\nConsequently, the By interface used above also supports a number of additional locator strategies. A nested lookup might not be the most effective cheese location strategy since it requires two separate commands to be issued to the browser; first searching the DOM for an element with ID “cheese”, then a search for “cheddar” in a narrowed context.\nTo improve the performance slightly, we should try to use a more specific locator: WebDriver supports looking up elements by CSS locators, allowing us to combine the two previous locators into one search:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Locating multiple elements It is possible that the document we are working with may turn out to have an ordered list of the cheese we like the best:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Since more cheese is undisputably better, and it would be cumbersome to have to retrieve each of the items individually, a superior technique for retrieving cheese is to make use of the pluralized version findElements(By). This method returns a collection of web elements. If only one element is found, it will still return a collection (of one element). If no element matches the locator, an empty list will be returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element selection strategies There are eight different built-in element location strategies in WebDriver:\n   Locator Description     class name Locates elements whose class name contains the search value (compound class names are not permitted)   css selector Locates elements matching a CSS selector   id Locates elements whose ID attribute matches the search value   name Locates elements whose NAME attribute matches the search value   link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   partial link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text contains the search value. If multiple elements are matching, only the first one will be selected.   tag name Locates elements whose tag name matches the search value   xpath Locates elements matching an XPath expression    Tips on using selectors In general, if HTML IDs are available, unique, and consistently predictable, they are the preferred method for locating an element on a page. They tend to work very quickly, and forego much processing that comes with complicated DOM traversals.\nIf unique IDs are unavailable, a well-written CSS selector is the preferred method of locating an element. XPath works as well as CSS selectors, but the syntax is complicated and frequently difficult to debug. Though XPath selectors are very flexible, they are typically not performance tested by browser vendors and tend to be quite slow.\nSelection strategies based on linkText and partialLinkText have drawbacks in that they only work on link elements. Additionally, they call down to XPath selectors internally in WebDriver.\nTag name can be a dangerous way to locate elements. There are frequently multiple elements of the same tag present on the page. This is mostly useful when calling the findElements(By) method which returns a collection of elements.\nThe recommendation is to keep your locators as compact and readable as possible. Asking WebDriver to traverse the DOM structure is an expensive operation, and the more you can narrow the scope of your search, the better.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium Installation Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types of testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what it\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once).\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should eventually pass (they should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again, starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on the above TDD, in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then do the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all types of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD, by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"About this documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"These docs, like the code itself, are maintained 100% by volunteers within the Selenium community. Many have been using it since its inception, but many more have only been using it for a short while, and have given their time to help improve the onboarding experience for new users.\nIf there is an issue with the documentation, we want to know! The best way to communicate an issue is to visit https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues and search to see whether or not the issue has been filed already. If not, feel free to open one!\nMany members of the community are present at the #selenium Libera chat at Libera.chat. Feel free to drop in and ask questions and if you get help which you think could be of use within these documents, be sure to add your contribution! We can update these documents, but it is much easier for everyone when we get contributions from outside the normal committers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Advanced Features","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Getting started with WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started with WebDriver Selenium supports automation of all the major browsers in the market through the use of WebDriver. WebDriver is an API and protocol that defines a language-neutral interface for controlling the behaviour of web browsers. Each browser is backed by a specific WebDriver implementation, called a driver. The driver is the component responsible for delegating down to the browser, and handles communication to and from Selenium and the browser.\nThis separation is part of a conscious effort to have browser vendors take responsibility for the implementation for their browsers. Selenium makes use of these third party drivers where possible, but also provides its own drivers maintained by the project for the cases when this is not a reality.\nThe Selenium framework ties all of these pieces together through a user-facing interface that enables the different browser backends to be used transparently, enabling cross-browser and cross-platform automation.\nMore details about drivers can be found in Driver Idiosyncrasies.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email and Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Mouse actions in detail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Grid endpoints","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it is also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty, configured entirely in code.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, we are using Jetty, so you will need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test dependency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver drives a browser natively, as a user would, either locally or on a remote machine using the Selenium server, marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.\nSelenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code. This is commonly referred to as just WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver is a W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver is designed as a simple and more concise programming interface.\n  WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.\n  It drives the browser effectively.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup messages offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Performance testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver You can use WebDriver remotely the same way you would use it locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.\nA remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests between a client and a server. In simple, the traffic flows through the proxy server on its way to the address you requested and back.\nA proxy server for automation scripts with Selenium could be helpful for:\n Capture network traffic Mock backend calls made by the website Access the required website under complex network topologies or strict corporate restrictions/policies.  If you are in a corporate environment, and a browser fails to connect to a URL, this is most likely because the environment needs a proxy to be accessed.\nSelenium WebDriver provides a way to proxy settings:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link spidering","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/","title":"Worst practices","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome DevTools Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver idiosyncrasies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Driver idiosyncrasies "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/","title":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\nIt provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers, a distribution server for scaling browser allocation, and the infrastructure for implementations of the W3C WebDriver specification that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers.\nThis project is made possible by volunteer contributors who have put in thousands of hours of their own time, and made the source code freely available for anyone to use, enjoy, and improve.\nSelenium brings together browser vendors, engineers, and enthusiasts to further an open discussion around automation of the web platform. The project organises an annual conference to teach and nurture the community.\nAt the core of Selenium is WebDriver, an interface to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers. Here is one of the simplest instructions you can make:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     See the Quick Tour for a full explanation of what goes on behind the scenes when you run this code. You should continue on to the narrative documentation to understand how you can install and successfully use Selenium as a test automation tool, and scaling simple tests like this to run in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers, on several different operating systems.\nGetting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "}]
\ No newline at end of file
+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Consumer browsers The Selenium framework officially supports the following browsers:\n   Browser Maintainer Versions Supported     Chrome Chromium All versions   Firefox Mozilla 54 and newer   Edge Microsoft 84 and newer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 and newer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 and newer   Safari Apple 10 and newer    Specialized browsers There is also a set of specialized browsers out there typically used in development environments. We can make use of some of these browsers for automation purposes also, and Selenium ties in support for the following specialized drivers:\n   Driver Name Purpose Maintainer     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, short for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try! There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:\n Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the New Session Queuer, which will add it to the New Session Queue. The New Session Queuer will trigger an event through the Event Bus. The Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled) will receive the event and poll the New Session Queuer to get the new session request. If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nNew Session Queuer, New Session Queue The New Session Queuer is the only component which can communicate with the New Session Queue. It handles all queue operations like add to manipulate the queue. It has configurable parameters for setting the request timeout and request retry interval.\nThe New Session Queuer receives the new session request from the Router and adds it to the queue. The queuer waits until it receives the response for the request. If the request times out, the request is rejected immediately and not added to the queue.\nUpon successfully adding the request to the queue, Event Bus triggers an event. The Distributor picks up this event and polls the queue. It now attempts to create a session.\nIf the requested capabilities do not exist in any of the registered Nodes, then the request is rejected immediately and the client receives a response.\nIf the requested capabilities match the capabilities of any of Node slots, Distributor attempts to get the available slot. If all the slots are busy, the Distributor will ask the queuer to add the request to the front of the queue. The Distributor receives the request again after the request retry interval. It will attempt retries until the request is successful or has timed out. If request times out while retrying or adding to the front of the queue its rejected.\nAfter getting an available slot and session creation, the Distributor passes the new session response to the New Session Queuer via the Event Bus. The New Session Queuer will respond to the client when it receives the event.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map New Session Queuer Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Config help","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @corevo2445 commits  @tourdedave610 commits  @baimao843788 commits  @Jongkeun51 commits  @petermouse36 commits  @LinYunWen36 commits  @zavelevsky34 commits  @xdennisx15 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @raju24912 commits  @dependabot[bot]11 commits  @dvd9006 commits  @manoj97883 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @zewa6663 commits  @diemol2 commits  @lukeis2 commits  @Meir0172 commits  @toshiya2 commits  @marknoble2 commits  @amitzur1 commits  @aplorenzen1 commits  @p26351 commits  @avoid3d1 commits  @sotayamashita1 commits  @samitbadle1 commits  @swes11171 commits  @vivrichards6001 commits  @bolasblack1 commits  @peter-kehl1 commits   Docker Selenium .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/","title":"Getting started","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installing Selenium libraries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"First you need to install the Selenium bindings for your automation project. The installation process for libraries depends on the language you choose to use.\nJava Installation of Selenium libraries for Java can be done using Maven. Add the selenium-java dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; The selenium-java dependency supports running your automation project with all Selenium supported browsers. If you want to run tests only in a specific browser, you can add the dependency for that browser in your pom.xml file. For example, you should add following dependency in your pom.xml file to run your tests only in Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; In a similar manner, if you want to run tests only in Chrome, you should add the following dependency:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Installation of Selenium libraries for Python can be done using pip:\npip install selenium Alternatively you can download the PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) and install it using setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# Installation of Selenium libraries for C# can be done using NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Due to missing native language bindings for Kotlin, you have to use the Java Bindings, e.g. with maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Purposes and main functionalities","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/","title":"Quick tour","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is not just one tool or API but it composes many tools.\nWebDriver If you are beginning with desktop website or mobile website test automation, then you are going to be using WebDriver APIs. WebDriver uses browser automation APIs provided by browser vendors to control browser and run tests. This is as if a real user is operating the browser. Since WebDriver does not require its API to be compiled with application code, it is not intrusive. Hence, you are testing the same application which you push live.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Chrome and Firefox extension and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It records the users\u0026rsquo; actions in the browser for you, using existing Selenium commands, with parameters defined by the context of that element. This is not only a time-saver but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nGrid Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end. The remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: When navigating to a new page via URL, by default Selenium will wait until the page has fully loaded before responding. This works well for beginners, but can cause long wait times on pages that load a large number of third party resources. Using a non default strategy can make test execution faster in cases like this, but can also introduce flakiness where elements on the page change position as elements load in and change size.\nThe page load strategy queries the document.readyState as described in the table below:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Used by default, waits for all resources to download   eager interactive DOM access is ready, but other resources like images may still be loading   none Any Does not block WebDriver at all    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"The Selenium project and tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controls web browsers Selenium is many things but at its core, it is a toolset for web browser automation that uses the best techniques available to remotely control browser instances and emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser.\nIt allows users to simulate common activities performed by end-users; entering text into fields, selecting drop-down values and checking boxes, and clicking links in documents. It also provides many other controls such as mouse movement, arbitrary JavaScript execution, and much more.\nAlthough used primarily for front-end testing of websites, Selenium is at its core a browser user agent library. The interfaces are ubiquitous to their application, which encourages composition with other libraries to suit your purpose.\nOne interface to rule them all One of the project\u0026rsquo;s guiding principles is to support a common interface for all (major) browser technologies. Web browsers are incredibly complex, highly engineered applications, performing their operations in completely different ways but which frequently look the same while doing so. Even though the text is rendered in the same fonts, the images are displayed in the same place and the links take you to the same destination. What is happening underneath is as different as night and day. Selenium “abstracts” these differences, hiding their details and intricacies from the person writing the code. This allows you to write several lines of code to perform a complicated workflow, but these same lines will execute on Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, and all other supported browsers.\nTools and support Selenium\u0026rsquo;s minimalist design approach gives it the versatility to be included as a component in bigger applications. The surrounding infrastructure provided under the Selenium umbrella gives you the tools to put together your grid of browsers so tests can be run on different browsers and multiple operating systems across a range of machines.\nImagine a bank of computers in your server room or data center all firing up browsers at the same time hitting your site\u0026rsquo;s links, forms, and tables—testing your application 24 hours a day. Through the simple programming interface provided for the most common languages, these tests will run tirelessly in parallel, reporting back to you when errors occur.\nIt is an aim to help make this a reality for you, by providing users with tools and documentation to not only control browsers but to make it easy to scale and deploy such grids.\nWho uses Selenium Many of the most important companies in the world have adopted Selenium for their browser-based testing, often replacing years-long efforts involving other proprietary tools. As it has grown in popularity, so have its requirements and challenges multiplied.\nAs the web becomes more complicated and new technologies are added to websites, it\u0026rsquo;s the mission of this project to keep up with them where possible. Being an open source project, this support is provided through the generous donation of time from many volunteers, every one of which has a “day job”.\nAnother mission of the project is to encourage more volunteers to partake in this effort, and build a strong community so that the project can continue to keep up with emerging technologies and remain a dominant platform for functional test automation.\nHistory When Selenium 1 was released in 2004, it was out of the necessity to reduce time spent manually verifying consistent behaviour in the front-end of a web application. It made use of what tools were available at the time and relied heavily on the injection of JavaScript to the web page under test to emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction.\nWhilst JavaScript is a good tool to let you introspect the properties of the DOM and to do certain client-side observations that you would otherwise not be able to do, it falls short on the ability to naturally replicate a user\u0026rsquo;s interactions as if the mouse and keyboard are being used.\nSince then, Selenium has grown and matured a lot, into a tool widely used by many—if not most—of the largest organisations around the world. Selenium has gone from a homebrewed test automation toolkit developed at Thoughtworks for a niché audience and a specific use case, to the world\u0026rsquo;s de facto browser automation library.\nJust as Selenium RC made use of the tools of the trade available at the time, Selenium WebDriver drives that tradition on by taking the browser interaction part to the browser vendor\u0026rsquo;s home turf and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations. Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium into the du jour remote control library for user agents.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Understanding the components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Building a test suite using WebDriver will require you to understand and effectively use a number of different components. As with everything in software, different people use different terms for the same idea. Below is a breakdown of how terms are used in this description.\nTerminology  API: Application Programming Interface. This is the set of \u0026ldquo;commands\u0026rdquo; you use to manipulate WebDriver. Library: A code module which contains the APIs and the code necessary to implement them. Libraries are specific to each language binding, eg .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, etc. Driver: Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself, not on the system executing the test suite. (Although those may be the same system.) NOTE: Some people refer to the drivers as proxies. Framework: An additional library used as a support for WebDriver suites. These frameworks may be test frameworks such as JUnit or NUnit. They may also be frameworks supporting natural language features such as Cucumber or Robotium. Frameworks may also be written and used for things such as manipulating or configuring the system under test, data creation, test oracles, etc.  The Parts and Pieces At its minimum, WebDriver talks to a browser through a driver. Communication is two way: WebDriver passes commands to the browser through the driver, and receives information back via the same route.\nThe driver is specific to the browser, such as ChromeDriver for Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, GeckoDriver for Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. The driver runs on the same system as the browser. This may, or may not be, the same system where the tests themselves are executing.\nThis simple example above is direct communication. Communication to the browser may also be remote communication through Selenium Server or RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver runs on the same system as the driver and the browser.\nRemote communication can also take place using Selenium Server or Selenium Grid, both of which in turn talk to the driver on the host system\nWhere Frameworks fit in WebDriver has one job and one job only: communicate with the browser via any of the methods above. WebDriver does not know a thing about testing: it does not know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly does not know a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.\nThis is where various frameworks come in to play. At a minimum you will need a test framework that matches the language bindings, e.g. NUnit for .NET, JUnit for Java, RSpec for Ruby, etc.\nThe test framework is responsible for running and executing your WebDriver and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin to the following image.\nNatural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework entirely in their own implementation.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver requirements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Through WebDriver, Selenium supports all major browsers on the market such as Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari. Where possible, WebDriver drives the browser using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in support for automation, although not all browsers have official support for remote control.\nWebDriver\u0026rsquo;s aim is to emulate a real user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser as closely as possible. This is possible at varying levels in different browsers. For more details on the different driver idiosyncrasies, please see Driver Idiosyncrasies.\nEven though all the drivers share a single user-facing interface for controlling the browser, they have slightly different ways of setting up browser sessions. Since many of the driver implementations are provided by third parties, they are not included in the standard Selenium distribution.\nDriver instantiation, profile management, and various browser specific settings are examples of parameters that have different requirements depending on the browser. This section explains the basic requirements for getting you started with the different browsers.\nAdding Executables to your PATH Most drivers require an extra executable for Selenium to communicate with the browser. You can manually specify where the executable lives before starting WebDriver, but this can make your tests less portable as the executables will need to be in the same place on every machine, or include the executable within your test code repository.\nBy adding a folder containing WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s binaries to your system\u0026rsquo;s path, Selenium will be able to locate the additional binaries without requiring your test code to locate the exact location of the driver.\n Create a directory to place the executables in, like C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin Add the directory to your PATH:  On Windows - Open a command prompt as administrator and run the following command to permanently add the directory to your path for all users on your machine:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Bash users on macOS and Linux - In a terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   You are now ready to test your changes. Close all open command prompts and open a new one. Type out the name of one of the binaries in the folder you created in the previous step, e.g.:\nchromedriver   If your PATH is configured correctly, you will see some output relating to the startup of the driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. You can regain control of your command prompt by pressing Ctrl+C\nQuick reference    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome To drive Chrome or Chromium, you have to download chromedriver and put it in a folder that is on your system\u0026rsquo;s path.\nOn Linux or macOS, this means modifying the PATH environmental variable. You can see what directories, separated by a colon, make up your system\u0026rsquo;s path by executing the following command:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin To include chromedriver on the path, if it is not already, make sure you include the chromedriver binary\u0026rsquo;s parent directory. The following line will set the PATH environmental variable its current content, plus an additional path added after the colon:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; When chromedriver is available on your path, you should be able to execute the chromedriver executable from any directory.\nTo instantiate a Chrome/Chromium session, you can do the following:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     The chromedriver is implemented as a WebDriver remote server that instructs the browser what to do by exposing Chrome\u0026rsquo;s internal automation proxy interface.\nFirefox Starting with Selenium 3, Mozilla has taken over implementation of Firefox Driver, with geckodriver. The new driver for Firefox is called geckodriver and works with Firefox 48 and newer. Since the Firefox WebDriver is under development, the newer the Firefox version the better the support.\nAs geckodriver is the new default way of launching Firefox, you can instantiate Firefox in the same way as Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     If you prefer not to set geckodriver\u0026rsquo;s location using PATH, set the geckodriver binary location programmatically:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     It is also possible to set the property at run time:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver It is currently possible to revert to the older, more feature complete Firefox driver, by installing Firefox 47.0.1 or 45 ESR and specifying a desired capability of marionette as false. Later releases of Firefox are no longer compatible.\nEdge Edge is Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s newest browser, included with Windows 10 and Server 2016. Updates to Edge are bundled with major Windows updates, so you will need to download a binary which matches the build number of your currently installed build of Windows. The Edge Developer site contains links to all the available binaries. Bugs against the EdgeDriver implementation can be raised with Microsoft. If you would like to run tests against Edge, but are not running Windows 10, Microsoft offer free VMs for testers on the Edge Developer site.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     If Edge driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer was Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s default browser until Windows 10, although it is still included in Windows 10. Internet Explorer Driver is the only driver The Selenium project aims to support the same releases Microsoft considers current. Older releases may work, but will be unsupported.\nWhile the Selenium project provides binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer, there are some limitations with Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 with the 64-bit driver, but using the 32-bit driver continues to work well. It should be noted that as Internet Explorer preferences are saved against the logged in user\u0026rsquo;s account, some additional setup is required.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     If Internet Explorer driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft also offer a WebDriver binary for Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1. It has not been updated since 2014 and is based on a draft version of the W3 specification. Jim Evans has an excellent writeup on Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s implementation.\nOpera Current releases of Opera are built on top of the Chromium engine, and WebDriver is now supported via the closed-source Opera Chromium Driver, which can be added to your PATH or as a system property.\nInstantiating a driver session is similar to Firefox and Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Enable the Developer menu from Safari preferences Check the Allow Remote Automation option from with the Develop menu Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ You can then start a driver session using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Those looking to automate Safari on iOS should look to the Appium project. Whilst Safari was previously available for Windows, Apple has long since dropped support, making it a poor choice of test platform.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HtmlUnit is a \u0026ldquo;GUI-Less browser for Java programs\u0026rdquo;. It models HTML documents and provides an API that allows you to invoke pages, fill out forms, click links, etc. It has JavaScript support and is able to work with AJAX libraries, simulating Chrome, Firefox or Internet Explorer depending on the configuration used. It has been moved to a new location. The source is maintained on svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is a headless browser based on Webkit, albeit a version much older than that used by Google Chrome or Safari. Whilst historically a popular choice, it would now be wise to avoid PhantomJS. The project has been unmaintained since the 5th of August 2017, so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated. This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly, something also now offered by Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specific capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Define Capabilities using FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is the new way to define capabilities for the Firefox browser and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile It is possible to create a custom profile for Firefox as demonstrated below.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout In some environments, Internet Explorer may timeout when opening the File Upload dialog. IEDriver has a default timeout of 1000ms, but you can increase the timeout using the fileUploadDialogTimeout capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"File downloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installing WebDriver binaries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To execute your project and control the browser you need to have browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.\nDownload the WebDriver binary supported by your browser and place it in the System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observability","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"On test automation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve also added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Third party drivers and plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium can be extended through the use of plugins. Here are a number of plugins created and maintained by third parties. For more information on how to create your own plugin or have it listed, consult the docs.\nPlease note that these plugins are not supported, maintained, hosted, or endorsed by the Selenium project. In addition, be advised that the plugins listed below are not necessarily licensed under the Apache License v.2.0. Some of the plugins are available under another free and open source software license; others are only available under a proprietary license. Any questions about plugins and their license of distribution need to be raised with their respective developer(s).\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser.\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configuring Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP response codes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user. This is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installing Standalone server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"If you plan to use Grid then you should download the selenium-server-standalone JAR file. All the components are available via selenium-server. The standalone JAR contains everything, including the remote Selenium server and the client-side bindings. This means that if you use the selenium-server-standalone jar in your project, you do not have to add selenium-java or a browser specific jar.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Locating elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Locating one element One of the most fundamental techniques to learn when using WebDriver is how to find elements on the page. WebDriver offers a number of built-in selector types, amongst them finding an element by its ID attribute:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     As seen in the example, locating elements in WebDriver is done on the WebDriver instance object. The findElement(By) method returns another fundamental object type, the WebElement.\n WebDriver represents the browser WebElement represents a particular DOM node (a control, e.g. a link or input field, etc.)  Once you have a reference to a web element that\u0026rsquo;s been “found”, you can narrow the scope of your search by using the same call on that object instance:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     You can do this because both the WebDriver and WebElement types implement the SearchContext interface. In WebDriver, this is known as a role-based interface. Role-based interfaces allow you to determine whether a particular driver implementation supports a given feature. These interfaces are clearly defined and try to adhere to having only a single role of responsibility. You can read more about WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s design and what roles are supported in which drivers in the Some Other Section Which Must Be Named.\nConsequently, the By interface used above also supports a number of additional locator strategies. A nested lookup might not be the most effective cheese location strategy since it requires two separate commands to be issued to the browser; first searching the DOM for an element with ID “cheese”, then a search for “cheddar” in a narrowed context.\nTo improve the performance slightly, we should try to use a more specific locator: WebDriver supports looking up elements by CSS locators, allowing us to combine the two previous locators into one search:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Locating multiple elements It is possible that the document we are working with may turn out to have an ordered list of the cheese we like the best:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Since more cheese is undisputably better, and it would be cumbersome to have to retrieve each of the items individually, a superior technique for retrieving cheese is to make use of the pluralized version findElements(By). This method returns a collection of web elements. If only one element is found, it will still return a collection (of one element). If no element matches the locator, an empty list will be returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element selection strategies There are eight different built-in element location strategies in WebDriver:\n   Locator Description     class name Locates elements whose class name contains the search value (compound class names are not permitted)   css selector Locates elements matching a CSS selector   id Locates elements whose ID attribute matches the search value   name Locates elements whose NAME attribute matches the search value   link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   partial link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text contains the search value. If multiple elements are matching, only the first one will be selected.   tag name Locates elements whose tag name matches the search value   xpath Locates elements matching an XPath expression    Tips on using selectors In general, if HTML IDs are available, unique, and consistently predictable, they are the preferred method for locating an element on a page. They tend to work very quickly, and forego much processing that comes with complicated DOM traversals.\nIf unique IDs are unavailable, a well-written CSS selector is the preferred method of locating an element. XPath works as well as CSS selectors, but the syntax is complicated and frequently difficult to debug. Though XPath selectors are very flexible, they are typically not performance tested by browser vendors and tend to be quite slow.\nSelection strategies based on linkText and partialLinkText have drawbacks in that they only work on link elements. Additionally, they call down to XPath selectors internally in WebDriver.\nTag name can be a dangerous way to locate elements. There are frequently multiple elements of the same tag present on the page. This is mostly useful when calling the findElements(By) method which returns a collection of elements.\nThe recommendation is to keep your locators as compact and readable as possible. Asking WebDriver to traverse the DOM structure is an expensive operation, and the more you can narrow the scope of your search, the better.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium Installation Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types of testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what it\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once).\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should eventually pass (they should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again, starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on the above TDD, in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then do the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all types of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD, by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"About this documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"These docs, like the code itself, are maintained 100% by volunteers within the Selenium community. Many have been using it since its inception, but many more have only been using it for a short while, and have given their time to help improve the onboarding experience for new users.\nIf there is an issue with the documentation, we want to know! The best way to communicate an issue is to visit https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues and search to see whether or not the issue has been filed already. If not, feel free to open one!\nMany members of the community are present at the #selenium Libera chat at Libera.chat. Feel free to drop in and ask questions and if you get help which you think could be of use within these documents, be sure to add your contribution! We can update these documents, but it is much easier for everyone when we get contributions from outside the normal committers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Advanced Features","tags":[],"description":"","content":"To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Getting started with WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started with WebDriver Selenium supports automation of all the major browsers in the market through the use of WebDriver. WebDriver is an API and protocol that defines a language-neutral interface for controlling the behaviour of web browsers. Each browser is backed by a specific WebDriver implementation, called a driver. The driver is the component responsible for delegating down to the browser, and handles communication to and from Selenium and the browser.\nThis separation is part of a conscious effort to have browser vendors take responsibility for the implementation for their browsers. Selenium makes use of these third party drivers where possible, but also provides its own drivers maintained by the project for the cases when this is not a reality.\nThe Selenium framework ties all of these pieces together through a user-facing interface that enables the different browser backends to be used transparently, enabling cross-browser and cross-platform automation.\nMore details about drivers can be found in Driver Idiosyncrasies.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email and Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change, whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Mouse actions in detail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Grid endpoints","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it is also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty, configured entirely in code.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, we are using Jetty, so you will need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test dependency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver drives a browser natively, as a user would, either locally or on a remote machine using the Selenium server, marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.\nSelenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code. This is commonly referred to as just WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver is a W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver is designed as a simple and more concise programming interface.\n  WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.\n  It drives the browser effectively.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup messages offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Performance testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable, but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript), in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, that provide reporting and analysis, and can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver You can use WebDriver remotely the same way you would use it locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.\nA remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests between a client and a server. In simple, the traffic flows through the proxy server on its way to the address you requested and back.\nA proxy server for automation scripts with Selenium could be helpful for:\n Capture network traffic Mock backend calls made by the website Access the required website under complex network topologies or strict corporate restrictions/policies.  If you are in a corporate environment, and a browser fails to connect to a URL, this is most likely because the environment needs a proxy to be accessed.\nSelenium WebDriver provides a way to proxy settings:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link spidering","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice. Not because it cannot be done, but because WebDriver is definitely not the most ideal tool for this. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds, up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods do not rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/","title":"Worst practices","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome DevTools Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver idiosyncrasies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Driver idiosyncrasies "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/","title":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project","tags":[],"description":"","content":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\nIt provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers, a distribution server for scaling browser allocation, and the infrastructure for implementations of the W3C WebDriver specification that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers.\nThis project is made possible by volunteer contributors who have put in thousands of hours of their own time, and made the source code freely available for anyone to use, enjoy, and improve.\nSelenium brings together browser vendors, engineers, and enthusiasts to further an open discussion around automation of the web platform. The project organises an annual conference to teach and nurture the community.\nAt the core of Selenium is WebDriver, an interface to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers. Here is one of the simplest instructions you can make:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     See the Quick Tour for a full explanation of what goes on behind the scenes when you run this code. You should continue on to the narrative documentation to understand how you can install and successfully use Selenium as a test automation tool, and scaling simple tests like this to run in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers, on several different operating systems.\nGetting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "}]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 0dd40abb317c..74df1dd4b4f2 100644
--- a/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>About this documentation :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 be sure to add your contribution!
 We can update these documents,
 but it is much easier for everyone when we get contributions
-from outside the normal committers.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“About this documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+from outside the normal committers.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“About this documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/introduction/index.html b/documentation/en/introduction/index.html
index b4e549d0ea87..fe13474d5e1f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/introduction/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/introduction/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Introduction :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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-and support the automation of web browsers.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>“Introduction”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and support the automation of web browsers.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>“Introduction”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -441,5 +441,5 @@
 time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more
 effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no
 test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within
-that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/>“On test automation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/>“On test automation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -161,5 +161,5 @@
 and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations.
 Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process
 where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium
-into the <em>du jour</em> remote control library for user agents.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“The Selenium project and tools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+into the <em>du jour</em> remote control library for user agents.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“The Selenium project and tools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index 8c565ccaca27..82ab0931ee98 100644
--- a/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -141,5 +141,5 @@
 such as <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> or <strong><em>SpecFlow.</em></strong></p><p>A set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process
 even faster by directly transforming the BDD specifications into
 executable code.
-Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types of testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types of testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index 4bf38db4500b..81f72a982354 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239578></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -149,5 +149,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/index.html
index 60457791e800..0c5c212c68ad 100644
--- a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Legacy :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated
-components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -197,5 +197,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Notice how the passed in &ldquo;element&rdquo; variable appears as the first item
 in the JS standard &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; array.</p><h3 id=executing-javascript-doesnt-return-anything>Executing Javascript Doesn&rsquo;t Return Anything</h3><p>WebDriver&rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the &ldquo;return&rdquo; keyword:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>becomes:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 4700ef19b041..4b716c2fb760 100644
--- a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231147></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239578></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239578></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239578></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239578 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239578></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
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@@ -831,5 +831,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 2e35cc5625b1..572bf58473e4 100644
--- a/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239578></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239578></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -1004,5 +1004,5 @@
 you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative
 locator that only works in IE.</p><h3 id=error-encountered---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-with-shut-down-of--googlechrome--browser>Error encountered - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=error-encountered-in-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Error encountered in IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker
-AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 061255d8a4a6..7b34fcd8ec5d 100644
--- a/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/remote_webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be
 configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.</p><p>A remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a
 server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a
-Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 31787c752c14..ff0909c6da7f 100644
--- a/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -379,5 +379,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Selenium installation :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/_index.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Selenium installation</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=selenium-installation>Selenium Installation</h1><p>Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools.
 To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language
 bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need
-WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/>“Selenium installation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/>“Selenium installation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
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--- a/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Installing Selenium libraries :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Due to missing native language bindings for Kotlin, you have to use the Java Bindings, e.g. with maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installing Selenium libraries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Due to missing native language bindings for Kotlin, you have to use the Java Bindings, e.g. with maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installing Selenium libraries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index 5d884e88424d..184cffdeabb7 100644
--- a/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installing Standalone server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Getting started with WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installing Standalone server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Getting started with WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/>Selenium installation</a> > Installing WebDriver binaries</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Installing WebDriver binaries</h1><p>To execute your project and control the browser you need to have
 browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.</p><p>Download the <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/>WebDriver binary</a>
 supported by your browser and place it in the
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“Installing WebDriver binaries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“Installing WebDriver binaries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -491,5 +491,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/index.html
index b351f8356a87..20c81d34082a 100644
--- a/documentation/en/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/support_packages/index.html
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diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index f82cc073e466..8af9cddf467d 100644
--- a/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -1196,5 +1196,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Mouse actions in detail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Mouse actions in detail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 871a6cae166a..2dc8e5e8f352 100644
--- a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231147></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231147></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with colours :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 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012.12.0A.93.93.0 01102.75 10.52zm-.8 2.85h1.58V26.11h-1.58z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M110.81 26.34l-3.14-3.47V13.37h1.58v9a3.16 3.16.0 00.48 2 1.92 1.92.0 001.59.6 6.83 6.83.0 002.48-.48q1.25-.48 2.59-1.14V13.37H118V26.11h-1.32l-.12-1.58h-.09l-1.73.81q-.74.34-1.38.57a7.9 7.9.0 01-1.23.33A7.34 7.34.0 01110.81 26.34z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M122.18 13.37h1.3l.14 1.49h.09a19.53 19.53.0 012.58-1.31 5.51 5.51.0 012-.41 2.83 2.83.0 013 1.77h.12q.8-.5 1.45-.83a12.61 12.61.0 011.2-.54 6.17 6.17.0 011-.31 5.18 5.18.0 011-.09 3.3 3.3.0 012.45.84 3.63 3.63.0 01.83 2.63v9.51h-1.56v-9a2.9 2.9.0 00-.55-2 2.21 2.21.0 00-1.69-.59 5.14 5.14.0 00-1.78.38A14.45 14.45.0 00131.6 16v10.1H130v-9a2.9 2.9.0 00-.55-2 2.21 2.21.0 00-1.69-.59 5.24 5.24.0 00-1.86.4A14 14 0 00123.76 16V26.11h-1.58z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M21.45 21.51a2.49 2.49.0 00-2.55 2.21.08.08.0 00.08.1h4.95a.08.08.0 00.08-.09A2.41 2.41.0 0021.45 21.51z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M32.06 4.91 21.56 16.7a.32.32.0 01-.47.0l-5.36-5.53a.32.32.0 010-.4l1.77-2.27a.32.32.0 01.52.0l3 3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -326,5 +326,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index eab9e000ed11..fe2bfe598182 100644
--- a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with cookies :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231147></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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@@ -804,5 +804,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mouse actions in detail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mouse actions in detail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 66783238290a..0764f7668727 100644
--- a/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with select elements :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -394,5 +394,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mouse actions in detail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Mouse actions in detail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/tags/index.html b/documentation/en/tags/index.html
index a06b06a68d72..2ca34e877704 100644
--- a/documentation/en/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 60fc3683cedc..6d5d06c53c2d 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231147></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver Bidi APIs :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -196,5 +196,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Locating elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231147></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231147></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231147></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231147 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231147></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Locating elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index c2de8a1884d5..6868b64a69e0 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Browser manipulation :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -1443,5 +1443,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode28 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Locating elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Locating elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 5fc06e058907..6d546305b40a 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driver requirements :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -623,5 +623,5 @@
 <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>since the 5th of August 2017</a>,
 so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated.
 This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly,
-something also now offered by Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver requirements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the components"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+something also now offered by Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver requirements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the components"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index f1256cfe69b5..53a56c4929ca 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Http proxies :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -207,5 +207,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/index.html
index 18c32ce83275..98ee4af06fd3 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings
 and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code.
 This is commonly referred to as just <em>WebDriver</em>.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver is a <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>W3C Recommendation</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver is designed as a simple
-and more concise programming interface.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.</p></li><li><p>It drives the browser effectively.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Third party drivers and plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the components" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and more concise programming interface.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.</p></li><li><p>It drives the browser effectively.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Third party drivers and plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the components" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index 30f89401f361..fb1334c56b4b 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -388,5 +388,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index 740e4aa359bd..cbf45f7ea559 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Keyboard :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -579,5 +579,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index e1422693dd3b..065422b84059 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Locating elements :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -453,5 +453,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Locating elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Locating elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 0af5900c168a..ca7bdde934f5 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Page loading strategy :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -405,5 +405,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 4c1325b4b01f..aa979d576b54 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Support classes :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231148 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@@ -121,5 +121,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index fac99af03790..e2c4682b0423 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Understanding the components :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin
 to the following image.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="Test framework"></p><p>Natural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that
 Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework
-entirely in their own implementation.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Understanding the components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+entirely in their own implementation.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Understanding the components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/index.html
index 2c31005ab667..c3bf15898ad7 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Waits :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
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@@ -522,5 +522,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index 1f82d81aab2e..6ff125a3cecc 100644
--- a/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web element :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -954,5 +954,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index fc1c8ede89cb..af8c817bd31e 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.en.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/>Worst practices</a> > Captchas</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Captchas</h1><p>CAPTCHA, short for <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em>,
 is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so do not try!
-There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment</li><li>Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable CAPTCHAs in your test environment</li><li>Add a hook to allow tests to bypass the CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index 6d6c228347a8..a30db02552ec 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>File downloads :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 Instead, find the link using Selenium
 (and any required cookies)
 and pass it to a HTTP request library like
-<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“File downloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“File downloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index d91c3a1a95d0..450ee7e9afa6 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail, email and Facebook logins :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 <a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C conformant</a>
 also annotate the <code>navigator</code> object
 with a <code>WebDriver</code> property
-so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email and Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email and Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 9d04eecf0cf3..ef6be717e1c8 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>HTTP response codes :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@
 Additionally, not every browser
 makes the response codes available to WebDriver,
 so opting to use a proxy
-allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP response codes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP response codes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/index.html
index 37f4532c3c41..af60d809ccb3 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index a72916c48631..4c7b02de51ac 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 or using a library such as BeautifulSoup
 since these methods do not rely
 on creating a browser and navigating to a page.
-You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link spidering”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link spidering”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 54d532b96d0a..e8b7b9bcc405 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
+<!doctype html><html lang=en class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Performance testing :: Documentation for Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 There are performance testing tools available
 that can do this job already,
 that provide reporting and analysis,
-and can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Performance testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Performance testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index a3b531000c9a..c395a2e20d6b 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in <strong>any</strong> order,
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+and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“Test dependency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index d18a87bb7cb4..11991812eb75 100644
--- a/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/en";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/ title="Getting started" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/>Getting started
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/getting_started/quick/ title="Quick tour" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our
 Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.</p><p>There are few options to get around 2FA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can
 use those user credentials in the automation.</li><li>Disable 2FA in your test environment.</li><li>Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our
-test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/404.html b/documentation/es/404.html
index bc18a0b4646c..e4e7a415c0ae 100644
--- a/documentation/es/404.html
+++ b/documentation/es/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Ups. Parece que la página no existe ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es>Ir al inicio</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Ups. Parece que la página no existe ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es>Ir al inicio</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/es/categories/index.html b/documentation/es/categories/index.html
index 935176765ef0..fa6968d2750a 100644
--- a/documentation/es/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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diff --git a/documentation/es/contributing/index.html b/documentation/es/contributing/index.html
index 320bb3caa0aa..246900392f6b 100644
--- a/documentation/es/contributing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/contributing/index.html
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@
 integrate it on the repository&rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a
 linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase
 your branch history.</p><h2 id=communication>Communication</h2><p>All details on how to communicate with the project contributors
-and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index 266e72096b9a..813eba569a10 100644
--- a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -661,5 +661,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Capacidades específicas de los Drivers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/ title="Paquetes de soporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Capacidades específicas de los Drivers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/ title="Paquetes de soporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index bd4121c81160..816f897f5207 100644
--- a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
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diff --git a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index ae974708aa58..905637017a46 100644
--- a/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -148,5 +148,5 @@
 may not match the values set in the browser.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks
 should be applied to <em>input type=file</em> elements. As strict interactability
 checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour
-when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Comportamientos del controlador"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capacidades específicas de los Drivers" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Comportamientos del controlador"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capacidades específicas de los Drivers" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index 86fb0ac926c1..af78cb86a66b 100644
--- a/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1292,5 +1292,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Derechos de autor y atribuciones”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/ title="Texto preliminar"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Convenciones tipográficas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Derechos de autor y atribuciones”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/ title="Texto preliminar"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Convenciones tipográficas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/es/front_matter/index.html
index 4e9f6492d509..d419e1927fd6 100644
--- a/documentation/es/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 35ce355789e8..b09c0c84c195 100644
--- a/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 linefeeds can be added anywhere
 that there is a break between ideas.</p><p>This can make diffs very easy to read
 when collaborating through git,
-but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Convenciones tipográficas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Derechos de autor y atribuciones"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Derechos de autor y atribuciones" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Convenciones tipográficas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Derechos de autor y atribuciones"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Derechos de autor y atribuciones" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/es/getting_started/index.html
index 4139c60370e6..108b60d30411 100644
--- a/documentation/es/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/getting_started/index.html
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/getting_started/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
 parent
 active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
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-recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>“Empezando”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/ title="Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>“Empezando”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/ title="Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/index.html
index f495d463127f..6b22f3312d7a 100644
--- a/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 casos de prueba se realiza en la parte local, y cuando los casos de prueba se
 hayan disparado, automáticamente serán ejecutados en la parte remota.</p><p>Poco después del desarrollo de las pruebas de <em>WebDriver</em>, es posible que deba ejecutar sus
 pruebas en múltiples combinaciones de navegador y sistema operativo. Aquí es donde
-<em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>Grid</a></em> viene al rescate.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>“Guía rápida”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/ title=Introducción style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>Grid</a></em> viene al rescate.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>“Guía rápida”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/ title=Introducción style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 8702bf9e36ba..0908794f3524 100644
--- a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/>Iniciando con WebDriver</a> > Navegadores</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#navegadores-para-el-consumidor>Navegadores para el consumidor</a></li><li><a href=#navegadores-especializados>Navegadores especializados</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Navegadores</h1><h2 id=navegadores-para-el-consumidor>Navegadores para el consumidor</h2><p>El framework de Selenium soporta oficialmente los siguientes navegadores:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Navegador</th><th>Mantenedor</th><th>Versiones Soportadas</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>Todas las Versiones</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 y más recientes</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 y más recientes</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 y más recientes</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 y más recientes</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 y más recientes</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=navegadores-especializados>Navegadores especializados</h2><p>También hay un conjunto de navegadores especializados
 utilizados típicamente en entornos de desarrollo.
 Podemos utilizar algunos de estos navegadores para fines de automatización,
-y Selenium proporciona apoyo a los siguientes controladores especializados:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nombre del Controlador</th><th>Prepósito</th><th>Mantenedor</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulador de navegador headless respaldado por Rhino</td><td>Proyecto Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Iniciando con WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Navegadores de terceros y plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+y Selenium proporciona apoyo a los siguientes controladores especializados:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nombre del Controlador</th><th>Prepósito</th><th>Mantenedor</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulador de navegador headless respaldado por Rhino</td><td>Proyecto Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Iniciando con WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Navegadores de terceros y plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index b9f0e9bc9d96..3c981b51f0a6 100644
--- a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 los diferentes backends de los navegadores sean utilizados de forma
 transparente, permitiendo la automatización cruzada entre navegadores
 y plataformas diferentes.</p><p>Se pueden encontrar más detalles sobre los controladores en
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Idiosincrasias del controlador</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Iniciando con WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Instalación del servidor Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Idiosincrasias del controlador</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Iniciando con WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Instalación del servidor Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index 5e2bbb85c7e0..9d5749c780c7 100644
--- a/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 libre y de código abierto.
 Otros solo están disponibles bajo una licencia patentada. Cualquier pregunta
 acerca de los plugins y su licencia de distribución deben plantearse con sus
-respectivo(s) desarrollador(es).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Navegador</th><th>Más reciente</th><th>Registro de cambios</th><th>Seguimiento de Incidentes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>más reciente</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>registro de cambios</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>más reciente</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>registro de cambios</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>más reciente</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>más reciente</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Incorporado</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Navegadores de terceros y plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+respectivo(s) desarrollador(es).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Navegador</th><th>Más reciente</th><th>Registro de cambios</th><th>Seguimiento de Incidentes</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>más reciente</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>registro de cambios</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>más reciente</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>registro de cambios</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>más reciente</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>más reciente</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Incorporado</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>seguimiento de incidentes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Navegadores de terceros y plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index bab062af2757..ec3ca89d3059 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 operativo o disponer de la misma selección de navegadores que el hub u otros
 nodos.
 Un nodo en Windows podría tener la capacidad de ofrecer Internet Explorer como
-opción del navegador mientras que esto no podría ser posible en Linux o Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+opción del navegador mientras que esto no podría ser posible en Linux o Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 20f708cd1b9e..5a3b580fc827 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 Permite resolver un subconjunto de problemas comunes de delegación y distribución,
 pero, por ejemplo, no administrará su infraestructura y podría no satisfacer sus
 necesidades personales.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Cuando usar el Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Cuando usar el Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 33b6a0f409cb..b6c15b9e1dde 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -221,5 +221,5 @@
 disponibles para los navegadores Firefox y Chrome. Todos los detalles de como
 abastecer un Grid se encuentran en
 <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>.</p><h3 id=prerequisitos>Prerequisitos</h3><p>El único requisito para ejecutar el Grid es tener Docker instalado y funcionando.
-Puedes descargar Docker <a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>en este enlace</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando tu propio Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Puedes descargar Docker <a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>en este enlace</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando tu propio Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index fe3afb5682b5..27f7e95c512e 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Características avanzadas</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Características avanzadas</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
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+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Características avanzadas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Ayuda de configuración"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilidad style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 440b2e15fc57..0cd9c01ea895 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Observabilidad :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observabilidad”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Características avanzadas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observabilidad”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Características avanzadas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 0168e8482121..bd376e20a1d1 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Componentes :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 9bf2df15b37e..b05f07236371 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Ayuda de configuración”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configurar componentest"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Características avanzadas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Ayuda de configuración”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configurar componentest"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Características avanzadas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 7271f6eff3c8..d2acc7615a69 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Configurar componentest :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configurar componentest”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Ayuda de configuración" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configurar componentest”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Ayuda de configuración" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index fb22d0ba051f..9846f196204d 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 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@@ -184,5 +184,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilidad><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Puntos finales de cuadrícula" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilidad><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Puntos finales de cuadrícula" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 3935921f0bc2..7ec1f8518001 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Puntos finales de cuadrícula”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Comportamientos del controlador" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Puntos finales de cuadrícula”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Comportamientos del controlador" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/index.html
index ee939aa9fca6..516120769866 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>日本語</option>
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 English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> es una nueva implementación y no comparte el código base que versiones anteriores tenían.</p><p>Grid 4 pretende sacar ventaja de un cierto número de nuevas tecnologías para facilitar la escalada mientras que permiten ejecución en local.</p><p>Para tener todos los detalles de los componentes de Grid 4, entender como funciona, y como instalar la tuya propia, por favor busca a través de las secciones a continuación.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> es una nueva implementación y no comparte el código base que versiones anteriores tenían.</p><p>Grid 4 pretende sacar ventaja de un cierto número de nuevas tecnologías para facilitar la escalada mientras que permiten ejecución en local.</p><p>Para tener todos los detalles de los componentes de Grid 4, entender como funciona, y como instalar la tuya propia, por favor busca a través de las secciones a continuación.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando tu propio Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 98f7dbeefa88..78409e22d913 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando tu propio Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configurar componentest" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando tu propio Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configurar componentest" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/index.html
index 024b34fef5a8..02c6477757b2 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Rastreo de enlaces"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos y funcionalidades principales" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Rastreo de enlaces"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos y funcionalidades principales" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 7cfb90046d94..fad93fecff93 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>Grid</a> > Objetivos y funcionalidades principales</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Objetivos y funcionalidades principales</h1><ul><li>Punto de entrada centralizado para todos los tests</li><li>Gestión y control de los nodos / entornos donde se ejecutan los navegadores</li><li>Escalado</li><li>Ejecución de los tests en paralelo</li><li>Testing cruzado entre diferentes sistemas operativos</li><li>Balanceo de carga</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Objetivos y funcionalidades principales”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Cuando usar el Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/>Grid</a> > Objetivos y funcionalidades principales</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Objetivos y funcionalidades principales</h1><ul><li>Punto de entrada centralizado para todos los tests</li><li>Gestión y control de los nodos / entornos donde se ejecutan los navegadores</li><li>Escalado</li><li>Ejecución de los tests en paralelo</li><li>Testing cruzado entre diferentes sistemas operativos</li><li>Balanceo de carga</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Objetivos y funcionalidades principales”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Cuando usar el Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index a3a44d468a33..bcd17ef295d4 100644
--- a/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 ejecución de la suite.</p><p>El Grid es muy flexible. Estos dos ejemplos pueden ser combinados para permitir
 múltiples instancias de cada tipo de navegador y versión. Configuraciones de este
 tipo permiten proveer una paralelización para completar las ejecuciones mas
-rápidamente y soportar múltiples tipos de navegadores y versiones simultáneamente.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Cuando usar el Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos y funcionalidades principales"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index 889145567b98..c3ad510a5a50 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 inesperado.</p></li><li><p>Limpia los datos obsoletos en la aplicación que podrían ser
 recogidos por otra prueba p. ej. registros de pedidos inválidos.</p></li><li><p>Crear una nueva instancia de WebDriver por prueba. Esto ayuda
 a garantizar el aislamiento de la prueba y simplifica la
-paralelización.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Evitar compartir estados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Mejores reportes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independencia en las pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+paralelización.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Evitar compartir estados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Mejores reportes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independencia en las pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index c1dcf019ce5b..4b536b33ab66 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -153,5 +153,5 @@
     <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considerar el uso de un API fluída”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independencia en las pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considerar el uso de un API fluída”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independencia en las pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 6632df3b963c..6affe3ff9b40 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -156,5 +156,5 @@
 Tus scripts de prueba deben leerse como una lista de cosas
 el usuario quiere HACER, y las cosas que quiere SABER. Las pruebas
 no deben preocuparse por CÓMO la IU requiere que vayas
-al respecto.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Lenguaje de dominio específico”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generar el estado de la aplicación" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+al respecto.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Lenguaje de dominio específico”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generar el estado de la aplicación" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 9af21670d314..49e8baca032c 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 al menos inicia un nuevo WebDriver para cada prueba.
 Para Firefox, inicia un WebDriver con su perfil conocido.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerar el uso de un API fluída"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/ title="Malas prácticas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerar el uso de un API fluída"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/ title="Malas prácticas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index 88fdfe3dd1a0..07decb0c48e0 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 para iniciar sesión y establecer un cookie). Además, crear
 métodos para precargar datos para las pruebas no deben
 realizarse con Selenium. Como se mencionó previamente, las API
-existentes se deben aprovechar para crear datos para el AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application Under Test (aplicación bajo prueba)</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generar el estado de la aplicación”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Lenguaje de dominio específico"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock de servicios externos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+existentes se deben aprovechar para crear datos para el AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application Under Test (aplicación bajo prueba)</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generar el estado de la aplicación”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Lenguaje de dominio específico"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock de servicios externos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index 0522fc6f7077..5576cdf7c4ee 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Mejores reportes :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 xUnit son populares para importar resultados a una
 integración continua (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc.
 Aquí hay algunos enlaces para obtener más información sobre la
-generación de los reportes para varios lenguajes.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Mejores reportes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock de servicios externos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evitar compartir estados" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+generación de los reportes para varios lenguajes.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Mejores reportes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock de servicios externos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evitar compartir estados" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
index e98ee8dc249f..f6ae3d859a37 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 pautas y recomendaciones sobre cómo abordar la automatización
 funcional de páginas web.</p><p>Este capítulo registra los patrones de diseño de software
 populares entre muchos de los usuarios de Selenium que han
-demostrado tener éxito a lo largo de los años.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guías y recomendaciones”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="WebDriver remoto - cliente"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+demostrado tener éxito a lo largo de los años.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guías y recomendaciones”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="WebDriver remoto - cliente"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 7b597507c08c..f1fdee2b6e24 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 mejorará en gran medida la velocidad y la estabilidad
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+de tus pruebas.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Mock de servicios externos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generar el estado de la aplicación"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Mejores reportes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -250,5 +250,5 @@
 presentar los conceptos para que el lector tome conciencia de
 algunas de las cosas que se pueden hacer. Como fue mencionado
 anteriormente, muchos han blogueado sobre este tema y alentamos
-lector para buscar blogs sobre estos temas.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Modelos de objetos de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guías y recomendaciones"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Lenguaje de dominio específico" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+lector para buscar blogs sobre estos temas.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Modelos de objetos de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guías y recomendaciones"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Lenguaje de dominio específico" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index 2a4916bfb639..1043dbfbdfae 100644
--- a/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Independencia en las pruebas :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 de la publicación.</p><p>En cambio, puedes crear un contenido auxiliar que se puede
 activar y desactivar dentro de la prueba afectada y úsarla para
 validar el módulo. Sin embargo, para la creación de contenido,
-aún puedes tener una prueba por separado.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Independencia en las pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evitar compartir estados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerar el uso de un API fluída" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+aún puedes tener una prueba por separado.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Independencia en las pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evitar compartir estados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerar el uso de un API fluída" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/index.html b/documentation/es/index.html
index dd685853b360..8dcf53b22d60 100644
--- a/documentation/es/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -234,5 +234,5 @@
 y usar correctamente Selenium como herramienta de automatización de pruebas, y como se
 puede escalar pruebas simples como el ejemplo anterior, en grandes entornos con múltiples
 navegadores en diferentes sistemas operativos.</p><h2 id=empezando>Empezando</h2><p>Si eres nuevo con Selenium, tenemos una serie de
-recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Ayuda de configuración","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA es la abreviatura de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart o en español Prueba de Turing Completamente Automática y Pública para diferenciar Ordenadores de Humanos, está explícitamente diseñado para prevenir la automatización, ¡así que no intentes automatizarlo!\nExisten dos estrategias principales para evitar los CAPTCHAs:\n Deshabilitar los CAPTCHAs en tus entornos de pruebas. Agrega un parámetro que permita que las pruebas hagan un baipás.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Ejerce como mediador y administrador Acepta peticiones para ejecutar los tests Recoge instrucciones de los clientes y las ejecuta de forma remota en los nodos Gestiona los hilos  El Hub es un punto central donde se envian todos tus tests. Cada Selenium Grid consiste en exactamente un hub. El hub necesita ser accesible desde la perspectiva de los clientes (ej. Servidor de la CI, maquina del desarrollador) El hub se conectará a uno o mas nodos a los que los tests serán delegados.\nNodos  Donde se ubican los navegadores Se registra a si mismo en el hub y le comunica sus capacidades Recibe las peticiones desde el hub las ejecuta  Los nodos son diferentes instancias de Selenium que ejecutarán los tests en sistemas informáticos individuales. Puedes haber muchos nodos en un grid. Las maquinas que contienen los nodos no necesitan estar bajo el mismo sistema operativo o disponer de la misma selección de navegadores que el hub u otros nodos. Un nodo en Windows podría tener la capacidad de ofrecer Internet Explorer como opción del navegador mientras que esto no podría ser posible en Linux o Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Derechos de autor y atribuciones","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controla los navegadores web Selenium significa muchas cosas pero en su núcleo, es un conjunto de herramientas para la automatización de navegadores web que utiliza las mejores técnicas disponibles para controlar remotamente las instancias de los navegadores y emular la interacción del usuario con el navegador.\nPermite a los usuarios simular interacciones básicas realizadas por los usuarios finales; insertando texto en los campos, seleccionando valores de menús desplegables y casillas de verificación, y haciendo clics en los enlaces de los documentos. También provee muchos otros controles tales como el movimiento del mouse, la ejecución arbitraria de JavaScript, y mucho más.\nA pesar de que es usado principalmente para pruebas de front-end de sitios webs, Selenium es en esencia una librería de agente de usuario para el navegador. Las interfaces son ubicuas a su aplicación, lo que fomenta la composición con otras librerías para adaptarse a su propósito.\nUna interfaz para gobernarlos a todos Uno de los principios fundamentales del proyecto es permitir una interfaz común para todas las tecnologías de los (principales) navegadores. Los navegadores web son aplicaciones increíblemente complejas y de mucha ingeniería, realizando operaciones completamente diferentes pero que usualmente se ven iguales al hacerlo. Aunque el texto se presente con las mismas fuentes, las imágenes se muestren en el mismo lugar y los enlaces te llevan al mismo destino. Lo que sucede por debajo es tan diferente como la noche y el día. Selenium abstrae estas diferencias, ocultando sus detalles y complejidades a la persona que escribe el código. Esto le permite escribir varias líneas de código para realizar un flujo de trabajo complicado, pero estas mismas líneas se ejecutarán en Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome y los demás navegadores compatibles.\nHerramientas y soporte El diseño minimalista de Selenium le da la versatilidad para que se pueda incluir como un componente en otras aplicaciones. La infraestructura proporcionada debajo del catálogo de Selenium te da las herramientas para que puedas ensamblar tu grid de navegadores de modo que tus pruebas se puedan ejecutar en diferentes navegadores a través de diferente sistemas operativos y plataformas.\nImagina un banco de computadores en tu sala de servidores o en un centro de datos, todos ejecutando navegadores al mismo tiempo e interactuando con los enlaces en tu sitio web, formularios, y tablas—probando tu aplicación 24 horas al día. A través de la sencilla interfaz de programación proporcionada para los lenguajes más comunes, estas pruebas se ejecutarán incansablemente en paralelo, reportando cuando ocurran errores.\nEs un objetivo ayudar a que esto sea una realidad para ti, proporcionando a los usuarios herramientas y documentación para controlar no solo los navegadores pero también para facilitar la escalabilidad e implementación de tales grids.\nQuien utiliza Selenium Muchas de las empresas más importantes del mundo han adoptado Selenium para sus pruebas basadas en navegador, a menudo reemplazando esfuerzos de años que involucran otras herramientas propietarias. A medida que ha crecido en popularidad, también se han multiplicado sus requisitos y desafíos.\nA medida que la web se vuelve más complicada y se agregan nuevas tecnologías a los sitios web, la misión de este proyecto es mantenerse al día con ellos siempre que sea posible. Siendo un proyecto de código abierto, este apoyo se sustenta a través de la donación generosa de tiempo de muchos voluntarios, cada uno de los cuales tiene un \u0026ldquo;trabajo diurno\u0026rdquo;.\nOtra misión del proyecto es alentar a más voluntarios a participar en este esfuerzo, y construir una comunidad fuerte para que el proyecto pueda seguir el ritmo de las tecnologías emergentes y seguir siendo una plataforma dominante para la automatización de pruebas funcionales.\nHistoria Cuando Selenium 1 fue lanzado en el año 2004, surgió por la necesidad de reducir el tiempo dedicado a verificar manualmente el comportamiento consistente en el front-end de una aplicación web. Hizo uso de las herramientas disponibles en ese momento y confió en gran medida en la inyección de JavaScript en la página web bajo prueba para emular la interacción de un usuario.\nSi bien JavaScript es una buena herramienta para permitirte la introspección de las propiedades del DOM y para hacer ciertas observaciones del lado del cliente que de otro modo no se podría hacer, se queda corto en la capacidad de replicar naturalmente las interacciones de un usuario como usar el mouse y el teclado.\nDesde entonces, Selenium ha crecido y ha madurado bastante, convirtiéndose en una herramienta ampliamente utilizada por muchas—o sino por la mayoría— de las organizaciones más grandes del mundo. Selenium ha pasado de ser de un kit de herramientas de automatización de pruebas de fabricación casera desarrollado en Thoughtworks para un público específico y un caso de uso específico, a la librería de facto de automatización de navegadores del mundo.\nAsí como Selenium RC hizo uso de las herramientas de oficio disponibles en ese momento, Selenium WebDriver impulsa esta tradición al llevar la parte de la interacción del navegador al territorio del proveedor del mismo y pedirles que se responsabilicen de las implementaciones de back-end orientadas al navegador. Recientemente este esfuerzo se ha convertido en un proceso de estandarización del W3C donde el objetivo es convertir el componente WebDriver en Selenium en la librería de control remoto du jour para agentes de usuario.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/","title":"Empezando","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Empezando Si eres nuevo con Selenium, tenemos una serie de recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Entendiendo los componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Construir una suite de test usando WebDriver requerirá que entiendas y uses de forma efectiva diferentes componentes. Como con todo en el desarrollo de software, la gente usa diferentes términos para la misma idea. A continuación hay un desglose de cómo los términos son usados en esa descripción.\nTerminología  API: Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones. Es un conjunto de \u0026ldquo;comandos\u0026rdquo; que se utilizan para manipular el WebDriver. Library: Un módulo de código que contiene las APIs y el código necesario para implementarlos. Las librerías son específicas para cada lenguaje, por ejemplo ficheros .jar en Java, ficheros .dll para .NET, etc. Driver: El responsable de controlar el navegador actual. La mayoría de los drivers son creados por los vendors del navegador. Los Drivers son generalmente módulos ejecutables que corren en el sistema con el propio navegador, no en el sistema ejecutando la suite de test. (Aunque esos pueden ser el mismo sistema.) NOTE: Algunas personas se refieren a los drivers como proxies. Framework: Una librería adicional usada como un soporte para la suites de WebDriver. Estos frameworks pueden ser test frameworks como JUnit o NUnit. También pueden ser frameworks soportando lenguaje natural como Cucumber o Robotium. Los frameworks también pueden ser escritos y usados para cosas como la manipulación o configuración del sistema bajo la prueba, creación de datos, test oracles, etc  Las Partes y las Piezas Como mínimo, el WebDriver habla con un navegador a través del driver. La comunicación es bidireccional: el WebDriver pasa comandos al navegador a través del driver, y recibe la información de vuelta por la misma ruta.\nEl driver es específico para el navegador, como es ChromeDriver para Chrome/Chromium de Google, GeckoDriver para Mozilla Firefox, etc. El driver corre en el mismo sistema que el browser. Esto puede, o no puede ser, el mismo sistema donde los tests se están ejecutando.\nEste simple ejemplo anterior es de comunicación directa. La comunicación con el navegador puede ser remota a través de Selenium Server o RemoteWebdriver. Éste último corre en el mismo sistema que el driver y el browser.\nLa comunicación remota puede también hacerse usando Selenium Server o Selenium Grid, ambos a su vez hablan con el driver en el sistema anfitrión.\nDónde encaja el Framework El WebDriver tiene un trabajo y solo un trabajo: comunicarse con el navegador a través de uno de los métodos nombrados. El WebDriver no tiene que saber nada sobre testing: no sabe cómo comparar cosas, asegurar un pass o fail, y ciertamente no sabe nada acerca de reportes o sobre la gramática Given/When/Then.\nAquí es donde varios frameworks entran en juego. Como mínimo necesitarás un framework de test que compare los enlaces de idiomas, por ejempolo NUnit para .NET, JUnit para Java, RSpec para Ruby, etc.\nEl framework de test es responsable de correr y ejecutar tu WebDriver y los pasos de tus tests. Como tal, puedes pensar que se parece a la siguiente imagen.\nLos frameworks o herramientas de lenguage natural como Cucumber pueden existir como parte de la caja de Test Framework de la figura de arriba, o envolver totalmente el Test Framework en su propia implementación.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/","title":"Guía rápida","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no es solo una herramienta o API, sino que compone muchas herramientas.\nWebDriver Si está comenzando con la automatización de pruebas de sitios web de escritorio, entonces va a utilizar las API de WebDriver. WebDriver utiliza las API de automatización del navegador proporcionadas por los desarrolladores de los navegadores para controlar el navegador y ejecutar pruebas. Esto es como si un usuario real estuviera manipulando el navegador. Dado que el WebDriver no requiere que su API se compile con el código de la aplicación que va a probar, no es de naturaleza intrusiva. Por lo tanto, está probando la misma aplicación que está en vivo.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) es la herramienta que usas para desarrollar tus casos de prueba con Selenium. Es una extensión para Chrome y Firefox muy sencilla de usar y es generalmente la forma mas eficiente de desarrollar casos de prueba. Esta graba las acciones del usuario en el navegador, usando los comandos existentes en Selenium, con parámetros definidos por el contexto de cada elemento. No solo sirve para ahorrar tiempo sino que también es una forma excelente de aprender la sintaxis de scripts de Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid te permite ejecutar casos de prueba en diferentes maquinas a través de diferentes plataformas. La gestión que desencadena las ejecuciones de los casos de prueba se realiza en la parte local, y cuando los casos de prueba se hayan disparado, automáticamente serán ejecutados en la parte remota.\nPoco después del desarrollo de las pruebas de WebDriver, es posible que deba ejecutar sus pruebas en múltiples combinaciones de navegador y sistema operativo. Aquí es donde Grid viene al rescate.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Instalando las librerías de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primero debes instalar las librerías de enlace Selenium para tu proyecto de automatización. El proceso de instalación de las librerías depende del lenguaje que elijas usar.\nJava La instalación de las librerías Selenium para Java se puede hacer usando Maven. Agrega la dependencia de selenium-java en el pom.xml de tu proyecto:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; La dependencia selenium-java permite la ejecución de tu proyecto de automatización en todos los navegadores compatibles con Selenium. Si quieres ejecutar pruebas en un navegador en específico, puedes agregar la dependencia para ese navegador en el archivo pom.xml. Por ejemplo, debes agregar la siguiente dependencia en tu archivo pom.xml para ejecutar tus pruebas solamente en Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De igual manera, si quieres ejecutar las pruebas solamente en Chrome, debes agregar la siguiente dependencia:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python La instalación de las librerías de Selenium en Python se puede hacer usando pip:\npip install selenium Alternativamente, puedes descargar el archivo fuente PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) e instalarlo usando setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para C# se puede hacer usando NuGet:\n# Usando el manejador de paquetess Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # o usando el CLI de .Net dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para Ruby se puede hacer usando gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para JavaScript se puede hacer usando npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Debido a la falta de librerías de enlace de idioma nativas para Kotlin, debe usar las de Java, p. ej. con Maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Modelos de objetos de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Page Object (objeto de página) es un patrón de diseño que se ha vuelto popular en la automatización de pruebas para mejorar el mantenimiento de las pruebas y reducir la duplicación de código. Un objeto de página es un clase orientada a objetos que sirve como interfaz para una página de tu AUT. Las pruebas luego usan los métodos de esta clase de objeto de página cuando lo necesitan para interactuar con la interfaz de usuario de esa página. El beneficio es que si la interfaz de usuario cambia para la página, las pruebas en sí mismas no necesitan cambiar, solo el código dentro del objeto de página necesita cambiar. Posteriormente, todos los cambios para soportar esa nueva interfaz de usuario están ubicados en un solo lugar.\nEl patrón de diseño de objetos de página ofrece las siguientes ventajas:\n Existe una separación clara entre el código de prueba y el código específico de la página, como localizadores (o su uso si está utilizando un mapa de interfaz de usuario) y diseño. Existe un único repositorio para los servicios u operaciones que ofrece la página en lugar de tener estos servicios dispersos a lo largo de las pruebas.  En ambos casos, esto permite cualquier modificación requerida debido a cambios en la interfaz de usuario puedan hacerse en un solo lugar. Puedes encontrar buena información sobre esta técnica en numerosos blogs, ya que este \u0026ldquo;patrón de diseño de prueba\u0026rdquo; se está utilizando ampliamente. Nosotros animamos al lector que desea saber más a buscar blogs en Internet al respecto.\nMuchos han escrito sobre este patrón de diseño y pueden proporcionar consejos útiles más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Para empezar, sin embargo, ilustraremos objetos de página con un ejemplo simple.\nPrimero, considere un ejemplo, típico de la automatización de pruebas, que no utiliza un objeto de página:\n/*** * Prueba de la funcionalidad de inicio de sesión */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // ingresa los datos de inicio de sesión en la página de inicio de sesión  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verifica que la etiqueta h1 tiene el valor \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; después de iniciar sesión  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Hay dos problemas con este enfoque.\n No hay separación entre el método de prueba y los localizadores del AUT (ID en este ejemplo); ambos están entrelazados en un solo método. Si la UI del AUT cambia sus identificadores, diseño o cómo se ingresa y procesa un inicio de sesión, la prueba en sí debe cambiar. Los localizadores de ID se distribuirían en múltiples pruebas, en todas las pruebas que debían usar esta página de inicio de sesión.  Aplicando las técnicas de objeto de página, este ejemplo podría reescribirse como en el siguiente ejemplo de un objeto de página para una página de inicio de sesión.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * El objeto de página encapsula la página de inicio de sesión. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Inicia sesión como un usuario válido * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } y el objeto de página para una página de inicio podría verse así.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * El objeto de página encapsula la página de inicio */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hola userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Encapsulación de página para administrar la funcionalidad del perfil  return new HomePage(driver); } /* Mas métodos que ofrecen los servicios representados por la página de inicio del usuario registrado. Estos métodos a su vez podrían devolver más objetos de página, por ejemplo hacer clic en el botón Redactar correo podría devolver el objeto de clase ComposeMail */ } Entonces, la prueba de inicio de sesión usaría estos dos objetos de página de la siguiente manera.\n/*** * Prueba de la funcionalidad de inicio de sesión de pruebas */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Hay mucha flexibilidad en cómo se pueden diseñar los objetos de página, pero hay algunas reglas básicas para obtener la mantenibilidad deseada de tu código de prueba.\nLos objetos de página en sí mismos nunca deben hacer verificaciones o afirmaciones. Esto es parte de tu prueba y siempre debe estar dentro del código de la prueba, nunca en una página objeto. El objeto de página contendrá la representación de la página, y el servicios que proporciona la página a través de métodos, pero ningún código relacionado con lo que se está probado debe estar dentro del objeto de la página.\nHay una verificación única que puede y debe estar dentro del objeto de página y eso es para verificar que la página, y posiblemente elementos críticos en la página, se cargaron correctamente. Esta verificación debe hacerse mientras se instancia el objeto de la página. En los ejemplos anteriores, tanto SignInPage como los constructores de HomePage verifican que la página esperada esté disponible y lista para las solicitudes de la prueba.\nUn objeto de página no necesariamente necesita representar una página completa. El patrón de diseño de objetos de pagina podría usarse para representar componentes en una página. Si la página en el AUT tiene múltiples componentes, puede mejorar la mantenibilidad si hay un objeto de página separado para cada componente.\nExisten otros patrones de diseño que también pueden usarse en las pruebas. Algunos usan un Page Factory para crear instancias de sus objetos de página. Discutir todo esto es más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Aquí, simplemente queremos presentar los conceptos para que el lector tome conciencia de algunas de las cosas que se pueden hacer. Como fue mencionado anteriormente, muchos han blogueado sobre este tema y alentamos lector para buscar blogs sobre estos temas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navegadores para el consumidor El framework de Selenium soporta oficialmente los siguientes navegadores:\n   Navegador Mantenedor Versiones Soportadas     Chrome Chromium Todas las Versiones   Firefox Mozilla 54 y más recientes   Edge Microsoft 84 y más recientes   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 y más recientes   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 y más recientes   Safari Apple 10 y más recientes    Navegadores especializados También hay un conjunto de navegadores especializados utilizados típicamente en entornos de desarrollo. Podemos utilizar algunos de estos navegadores para fines de automatización, y Selenium proporciona apoyo a los siguientes controladores especializados:\n   Nombre del Controlador Prepósito Mantenedor     HtmlUnitDriver Emulador de navegador headless respaldado por Rhino Proyecto Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objetivos y funcionalidades principales","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Punto de entrada centralizado para todos los tests Gestión y control de los nodos / entornos donde se ejecutan los navegadores Escalado Ejecución de los tests en paralelo Testing cruzado entre diferentes sistemas operativos Balanceo de carga  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introducción Selenium RC fue el principal proyecto de Selenium durante mucho tiempo, antes de que la union de WebDriver/Selenium resultaran en Selenium 2, una herramienta más poderosa. Vale la pena resaltar que Selenium 1 ya no es soportado.\nComo funciona Selenium RC Primero, describiremos cómo funcionan los componentes de Selenium RC y el papel que desempeña cada uno en la ejecución tus scripts de prueba.\nComponentes de RC Los componentes de Selenium RC son:\n El servidor Selenium que inicia y finaliza navegadores, interpreta y ejecuta los comandos Selenese pasados del programa de prueba, y actúa como un proxy HTTP, interceptando y verificando los mensajes HTTP pasados entre el navegador y el AUT. Librerías de clientes que proporcionan la interfaz entre cada lenguaje de programación y Selenium RC Server.  Aquí hay un diagrama simplificado de la arquitectura:\nEl diagrama muestra que las librerías del cliente se comunican con el el servidor pasando cada comando Selenium para su ejecución. Entonces el servidor pasa el comando Selenium al navegador utilizando los comandos JavaScript de Selenium-Core. El navegador, utilizando su intérprete de JavaScript, ejecuta el comando Selenium. Esta ejecuta la acción o verificación de Selenese que especificas en tu script de prueba.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server recibe comandos de Selenium de tu programa de prueba, los interpreta e informa a tu programa los resultados de ejecutar esas pruebas.\nEl servidor RC agrupa Selenium Core y automáticamente lo inyecta en el navegador. Esto ocurre cuando tu programa de prueba abre el navegador (utilizando una función del API de la librería del cliente). Selenium-Core es un programa de JavaScript, en realidad un conjunto de funciones JavaScript que interpretan y ejecutan comandos Selenese utilizando el intérprete de JavaScript incorporado en el navegador.\nEl servidor recibe los comandos Selenese de tu programa de prueba utilizando simples solicitudes HTTP GET/POST. Esto significa que puedes usar cualquier lenguaje de programación que pueda enviar solicitudes HTTP para automatizar pruebas de Selenium en el navegador.\nLibrerías de Clientes Las librerías del cliente proporcionan el soporte de programación que te permiten ejecutar comandos Selenium desde un programa de tu propio diseño. Hay una librería cliente diferente para cada lenguaje compatible. Una librería cliente de Selenium proporciona una interfaz de programación (API), es decir, un conjunto de funciones, que ejecuta comandos de Selenium desde tu propio programa. Dentro de cada interfaz, hay una función de programación que soporta cada comando de Selenese.\nLa librería del cliente toma un comando Selenese y lo pasa al servidor Selenium para procesar una acción o prueba específica contra la aplicación bajo prueba (AUT). La librería del cliente también recibe el resultado de ese comando y lo devuelve a tu programa. Tu programa puede recibir el resultado y almacenarlo en una variable del programa e informarlo como un éxito o un fracaso, o posiblemente tomar medidas correctivas si fue un error inesperado.\nEntonces, para crear un programa de prueba, simplemente escribe un programa que ejecute un conjunto de comandos de Selenium utilizando una API de la librería del cliente. Y, opcionalmente, si ya tienes un script de prueba Selenese creado en Selenium-IDE, puedes generar el código Selenium RC. Selenium-IDE puede traducir (utilizando los elementos del menú Exportar) tus comandos Selenium en las llamadas a la función API de un cliente-controlador. Consulta el capítulo Selenium-IDE para obtener información específica sobre la exportación de código RC de Selenium-IDE.\nInstalación La instalación es más bien un nombre inapropiado para Selenium. Selenium tiene un conjunto de librerías disponibles en el lenguaje de programación que elijas. Puedes descargarlos desde la pagina de descarga.\nUna vez que hayas elegido un lenguaje para trabajar, simplemente necesitas:\n Instalar el servidor Selenium RC. Configurar un proyecto de programación utilizando un controlador de cliente específico del lenguaje.  Instalando Selenium Server El servidor Selenium RC es simplemente un archivo Java jar (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), que no requiere una instalación especial. Simplemente descargando el archivo zip y extrayendo el servidor en el directorio deseado es suficiente.\nEjecutando Selenium Server Antes de comenzar cualquier prueba, debes iniciar el servidor. Ve al directorio donde se encuentra el servidor de Selenium RC y ejecuta lo siguiente desde una consola línea de comandos.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Esto se puede simplificar creando un archivo ejecutable batch o shell (.bat en Windows y .sh en Linux) que contiene el comando anterior. Luego haz un acceso directo a ese ejecutable en tu escritorio y simplemente haz doble clic en el icono para iniciar el servidor.\nPara que el servidor se ejecute, necesitarás Java instalado y la variable de entorno PATH configurada correctamente para ejecutarla desde la consola. Puedes verificar que tienes Java instalado correctamente ejecutando lo siguiente en una consola\njava -version Si obtienes un número de versión (que debe ser 1.5 o posterior), estás listo para comenzar a usar Selenium RC.\nUtilizando el controlador de cliente Java  Descarga el zip del controlador del cliente Java de Selenium desde SeleniumHQ página de descargas. Extrae el archivo selenium-java-.jar Abra tu IDE de Java deseado (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Crea un proyecto java. Agregaa los archivos selenium-java-.jar a tu proyecto como referencias. Agrega a tu classpath de proyecto el archivo selenium-java-jar. Desde Selenium-IDE, exporta un script a un archivo Java e inclúyelo en tu proyecto Java, o escribe tu prueba de Selenium en Java usando la API selenium-java-client. La API se presenta más adelante en este capítulo. Puedes usar JUnit o TestNg para ejecutar tu prueba, o puedes escribir tu propio programa main() simple. Estos conceptos son explicados más adelante en esta sección. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba desde el IDE de Java o desde la línea de comandos.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del proyecto de prueba Java, consulta las secciones del Apéndice: Configuración de Selenium RC con Eclipse y Configuración de Selenium RC con IntelliJ.\nUtilizando el controlador de cliente Python  Instala Selenium via PIP, las instrucciones están en SeleniumHQ pagina de descargas Escribe tu prueba de Selenium en Python o exporta un script de Selenium-IDE a un archivo de Python. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba desde una consola o tu IDE de Python.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente Python, consulte el Apéndice: Configuración del controlador del cliente Python.\nUtlizando el Controlador de Cliente .NET  Descarga Selenium RC desde SeleniumHQ página de descargas Extrae la carpeta Descargua e instala NUnit (Nota: Puedes usar NUnit como tu motor de prueba. Si aún no estás familiarizado con NUnit, también puedes escribir una función main() simple para ejecutar tus pruebas; sin embargo, NUnit es muy útil como motor de prueba). Abre tu IDE .Net deseado (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Crea una biblioteca de clases (.dll) Agrega referencias a las siguientes DLL: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll y ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Escribe tu prueba de Selenium en un lenguaje .Net (C #, VB.Net), o exporta un script de Selenium-IDE a un archivo C# y copia este código en el archivo de clase acabas de crear. Escribe tu propio programa main() simple o puedes incluir NUnit en tu proyecto para ejecutar tu prueba. Estos conceptos se explican más adelante en este capítulo. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola Ejecuta tu prueba desde el IDE, desde la GUI de NUnit o desde la línea de comandos.  Para obtener detalles específicos sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente .NET con Visual Studio, consulte el apéndice Configuración del controlador del cliente .NET\nUtilizando el Controlador de Cliente Ruby  Si aún no tiene RubyGems, instálalo desde RubyForge. Ejecuta gem install selenium-client En la parte superior de tu script de prueba, agrega require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Escribe tu script de prueba usando cualquier arnés de prueba Ruby (por ejemplo, Test::Unit Mini::Test o RSpec). Ejecuta el servidor Selenium RC desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba de la misma manera que ejecutarías cualquier otro script de Ruby.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente Ruby, consulta la Documentación de Selenium-Client_\nDe Selenese a un Programa La tarea principal para usar Selenium RC es convertir tu Selenese en un lenguaje de programación. En esta sección, proporcionamos varios ejemplos lenguaje-específico diferentes.\nMuestra de un Script de prueba Comencemos con un ejemplo de un script de prueba de Selenese. Imagina grabar la siguiente prueba con Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Nota: este ejemplo funcionaría con la página de búsqueda de Google http://www.google.com\nSelenese Como Código de Programación Aquí está el script de prueba exportado (a través de Selenium-IDE) a cada uno de los lenguajes de programación soportados. Si tienes al menos un conocimiento básico de un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos, comprenderás cómo Selenium ejecuta comandos Selenese leyendo uno de estos ejemplos. Para ver un ejemplo en un lenguaje específico, seleccione uno de estos botones.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end En la siguiente sección explicaremos cómo construir un programa de prueba usando el código generado.\nProgramando Tu Prueba Ahora ilustraremos cómo programar tus propias pruebas usando ejemplos en cada uno de las lenguajes de programación compatibles. Hay esencialmente dos tareas:\n Generar tu script a un lenguaje de programación desde Selenium-IDE, opcionalmente modificando el resultado. Escribir un programa principal muy simple que ejecute el código generado.  Opcionalmente, puedes adoptar una plataforma de prueba como JUnit o TestNG para Java, o NUnit para .NET si estás utilizando uno de esos lenguajes.\nAquí, mostramos ejemplos específicos del lenguaje. Las API específicas del lenguaje tienden a diferir uno de otro, por lo que encontrarás una explicación separada para cada uno.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Para Java, las personas utilizan JUnit o TestNG como plataforma de prueba. Algunos entornos de desarrollo como Eclipse tienen soporte directo para estos a través de complementos. Esto lo hace aún más fácil. Enseñar JUnit o TestNG está más allá del alcance de este documento, sin embargo, los materiales se pueden encontrar en línea y hay publicaciones disponibles. Si ya eres una \u0026ldquo;tienda de Java\u0026rdquo;, es probable que tus desarrolladores lo hagan ya tengan algo de experiencia con uno de estos frameworks de prueba.\nProbablemente desees cambiar el nombre de la clase de prueba de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; a algo de tu propia elección. Además, deberás cambiar los parámetros abrir-navegador en la declaración:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); El código generado por Selenium-IDE se verá así. Este ejemplo tiene comentarios agregados manualmente para mayor claridad.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# El .NET Client Driver funciona con Microsoft.NET. Se puede usar con cualquier framework de prueba .NET como NUnit o Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE asume que usará NUnit como framework de prueba. Puedes ver esto en el código generado a continuación. Incluye la declaración using para NUnit junto con los atributos de NUnit correspondientes que identifican el rol de cada función miembro de la clase de prueba.\nProbablemente desees cambiar el nombre de la clase de prueba de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; a algo de tu propia elección. Además, deberás cambiar los parámetros abrir-navegador en la declaración:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); El codigo generado se vera similar a esto.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Puedes permitir que NUnit gestione la ejecución de tus pruebas. O, alternativamente, puedes escribir un simple programa main() que crea una instancia del objeto de prueba y ejecuta cada uno de los tres métodos, SetupTest(), TheNewTest() y TeardownTest() a su vez.\nPython Pyunit es el framework de prueba para usar en Python.\nLa estructura de una prueba básica es:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Las versiones anteriores (anteriores a 2.0) de Selenium-IDE generan código Ruby que requiere el antiguo gem de Selenium. Por lo tanto, es recomendable actualizar cualquier script Ruby generado por IDE de la siguiente manera:\n  En la línea 1, cambia require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; a require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  En la línea 11, cambia Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new a Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  Probablemente también quieras cambiar el nombre de la clase a algo más informativo que \u0026ldquo;Sin título\u0026rdquo;, y cambiar el nombre del método de prueba a algo diferente de \u0026ldquo;test_untitled\u0026rdquo;.\nAquí hay un ejemplo simple creado al modificar el código Ruby generado por Selenium IDE, como se describió anteriormente.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP Los miembros del equipo de documentación. no han utilizado Selenium RC con Perl o PHP. Si estás utilizando Selenium RC con cualquiera de estos dos lenguajes, póngase en contacto con el equipo de documentación (consulta el capítulo sobre contribuciones). Nos encantaría incluir algunos ejemplos tuyos y de tus experiencias, para apoyar a los usuarios de Perl y PHP.\nAprendiendo el API La API de Selenium RC utiliza convenciones de nomenclatura suponiendo que entiendes a Selenese, gran parte de la interfaz se explicará por sí misma. Aquí, sin embargo, explicamos los aspectos más críticos y posiblemente menos obvios.\nIniciando el Navegador CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Cada uno de estos ejemplos abre el navegador y representa ese navegador asignando una \u0026ldquo;instancia del navegador\u0026rdquo; a una variable de programa. Esta variable de programa se utiliza entonces para llamar a los métodos desde el navegador. Estos métodos ejecutan los comandos de Selenium, es decir, comandos como open o type o verify.\nLos parámetros necesarios al crear la instancia del navegador son:\n  host Especifica la dirección IP de la computadora donde se encuentra el servidor. Por lo general, esta es la misma máquina donde se ejecuta el cliente, por lo que en este caso se pasa localhost. En algunos clientes, este es un parámetro opcional.\n  port Especifica el socket TCP/IP donde el servidor está escuchando y esperando que el cliente establezca una conexión. Esto también es opcional en algunos controladores de clientes.\n  browser El navegador en el que deseas ejecutar las pruebas. Este es un parámetro requerido.\n  url La url base de la aplicación bajo prueba. Esto es requerido por todos las librerías de cliente y es información integral para iniciar la comunicación navegador-proxy-AUT.\n  Ten en cuenta que algunas de las librerías de cliente requieren que el navegador se inicie explícitamente llamando a su método start().\nEjecutando Comandos Una vez que tienes el navegador inicializado y asignado a una variable (generalmente llamada \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo;) puedes hacer que ejecute comandos Selenese llamando los métodos respectivos de la variable del navegador. Por ejemplo, para llamar al método type del objeto Selenium:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) En segundo plano, el navegador realmente realizará una operación type, esencialmente idéntica a la entrada de un usuario escribiendo en el navegador, utilizando el localizador y la cadena que especificaste durante la llamada al método.\nReportando Resultados Selenium RC no tiene su propio mecanismo para reportar resultados. Más bien, te permite crear tus reportes personalizados según tus necesidades utilizando las funciones de tu lenguaje de programación elegido. Eso es genial, pero ¿y si simplemente quieres algo rápido que ya está hecho para ti? A menudo, una librería existente o un framework de prueba puede satisfacer tus necesidades más rápido que desarrollar tu propio código de reportes de prueba.\nHerramientas de Reportes del Framework de Prueba Los frameworks de prueba están disponibles para muchos lenguajes de programación. Estos, junto con su función principal de proporcionar un motor de prueba flexible para ejecutar tus pruebas, tambien incluyen código de librerías para reportar resultados. Por ejemplo, Java tiene dos frameworks de prueba de uso común, JUnit y TestNG. .NET también tiene el suyo, NUnit.\nAquí no enseñaremos los frameworks por sí mismos; eso está más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Simplemente presentaremos las características del framework que se relacionan con Selenium junto con algunas técnicas que puedes aplicar. Hay buenos libros disponibles sobre estos frameworks prueba junto con su información en internet.\nLibrerías de Reportes de Pruebas También están disponibles las librerías de terceros creadas específicamente para generar los reportes de las pruebas en el lenguaje de programación elegido. Estos a menudo sportan una variedad de formatos como HTML o PDF.\nCuál Es El Mejor Enfoque? La mayoría de las personas cuando son nuevas en los frameworks de prueba comenzarán con las funciones de reporteria integradas en el framework. A partir de ahí, la mayoría examinará las librerías disponibles, ya que requiere menos tiempo que desarrollar una propia. Cuando comiences a usar Selenium, sin duda comenzarás a poner tus propias \u0026ldquo;declaraciones impresas\u0026rdquo; para reportar sobre el progreso. Eso puede llevarte gradualmente a desarrollar tus propios reportes, posiblemente en paralelo al uso de una librería o framework de prueba. De todos modos, después de la curva de aprendizaje inicial, naturalmente desarrollarás lo que funciona mejor para tu propia situación.\nEjemplos de Reportes de Pruebas Para ilustrarlte, te guiaremos a algunas herramientas específicas en algunos de los lenguajes soportados por Selenium. Los que se enumeran aquí son de uso común y los autores de esta guía los han usado ampliamente (y, por lo tanto, los recomiendan).\nReportes de Pruebas en Java   Si los casos de prueba de Selenium se desarrollan utilizando JUnit, se puede utilizar JUnit Report para generar reportes de prueba.\n  Si los casos de prueba de Selenium se desarrollan usando TestNG, entonces no se necesita ninguna tarea externa para generar reportes de prueba. El framework de TestNG genera un reporte HTML que enumera los detalles de las pruebas.\n  ReportNG es un complemento de reportes HTML para el framework de TestNG. Está destinado a reemplazar el reporte HTML predeterminado de TestNG. ReportNG proporciona una vista simple y codificada por colores de los resultados de las pruebas.\n  Registrar los Comandos Selenese  Logging Selenium se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de todos los comandos de Selenese en tu prueba junto con el resultado exitoso o no de cada uno. Logging Selenium extiende el controlador del cliente Java para agregar esta capacidad de registro de Selenese.  Reportes de Pruebas para Python  Al utilizar Python Client Driver, HTMLTestRunner se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de prueba.  Reportes de Pruebas para Ruby  Si el framework RSpec se utiliza para escribir los casos de prueba de Selenium en Ruby, entonces su reporte HTML se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de prueba.  Agregando Sabor a Tus Pruebas Ahora llegaremos a la razón de por que utilizar Selenium RC, agregando lógica de programación a tus pruebas. Es lo mismo que para cualquier programa. El flujo del programa se controla mediante declaraciones de condición e iteración. Además, puedes reportar la información de progreso mediante I/O. En esta sección mostraremos algunos ejemplos de cómo las construcciones del lenguaje de programación se pueden combinar con Selenium para resolver problemas comunes en las pruebas.\nEncontrarás que a medida que transicionas de pruebas simples como la existencia de elementos en una página, a pruebas de funcionalidad dinámica que involucran múltiples páginas web y datos variables, que vas a necesitar la lógica de programación para verificar los resultados esperados. Básicamente, Selenium-IDE no soporta declaraciones estándar de iteracion y de condición. Puede hacer algunas condiciones incrustando JavaScript en los parámetros Selenese, sin embargo la iteración es imposible, y la mayoría de las condiciones serán mucho más fáciles en un lenguaje de programación. Además, es posible que necesites manejo de excepciones para errores de recuperación. Por esta y otras razones, hemos escrito esta sección para ilustrar el uso de técnicas comunes de programación para brindarte mayor \u0026lsquo;poder de verificación\u0026rsquo; en tus pruebas automatizadas.\nLos ejemplos en esta sección están escritos en C # y Java, aunque el código es simple y se puede adaptar fácilmente otros lenguajes soportados. Si tienes algún conocimiento básico de un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos no deberías tener dificultades para comprender esta sección.\nIteración La iteración es una de las cosas más comunes que las personas necesitan hacer en sus pruebas. Por ejemplo, es posible que desees ejecutar una búsqueda varias veces. O tal vez para verificar los resultados de las pruebas debs procesar un \u0026ldquo;conjunto de resultados\u0026rdquo; retornado por una base de datos.\nUtilizando el mismo ejemplo anterior de la búsqueda en Google, vamos a verificar los resultados de la búsqueda de Selenium. Esta prueba podría usar Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     El código se ha repetido para ejecutar 3 veces los mismos pasos. Pero varias copias del mismo código no es una buena práctica de programacion ya que es más difícil de mantener. Al usar un lenguaje de programación, podemos iterar sobre los resultados de las búsquedas para obtener una solución más flexible y fácil de mantener.\nEn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Declaraciones de Condición Para ilustrar el uso de condiciones en las pruebas comenzaremos con un ejemplo. Un problema común encontrado al ejecutar las pruebas de Selenium ocurre cuando un elemento esperado no está disponible en la página. Por ejemplo, al ejecutar la siguiente línea:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); Si el elemento \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; no está en la pagina entonces se lanza una excepción:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found Esto puede hacer que tu prueba sea abortada. Para algunas pruebas eso es lo que quieres. Pero a menudo eso no es deseable ya que tu script de prueba tiene que ejecutar posteriormente muchas otras pruebas.\nUn mejor enfoque es validar primero si el elemento está realmente presente y luego tomar alternativas cuando no lo está. Observemos esto utilizando Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } La ventaja de este enfoque es que continua con la ejecución de la prueba, incluso si algunos elementos de la interfaz de usuario no están disponibles en la página.\nEjecutando JavaScript Desde tus Pruebas JavaScript es muy útil para utilizar una aplicación que no es directamente compatible con Selenium. El método getEval de Selenium API se puede utilizar para ejecutar JavaScript desde Selenium RC.\nConsidera una aplicación que tiene casillas de verificación sin identificadores estáticos. En este caso, uno podría evaluar JavaScript desde Selenium RC para obtener los identificadores de todas las casillas de verificación y luego utilizarles.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } Para contar el número de imágenes en una página:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Recuerde usar un objeto window en caso de expresiones DOM ya que por defecto se hace referencia a la ventana de Selenium, no a la ventana de prueba.\nOpciones del Servidor Cuando se inicia el servidor,se pueden utilizar opciones de línea de comando para cambiar el comportamiento predeterminado del servidor.\nRecuerda, el servidor se inicia ejecutando lo siguiente.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h Verás una lista de todas las opciones que puedes utilizar con el servidor y un breve descripción de cada una. Las descripciones proporcionadas no siempre serán suficientes, así que hemos proporcionado explicaciones para algunas de las opciones más importantes.\nConfiguración del Proxy Si tu AUT está detrás de un proxy HTTP que requiere autenticación, entonces deberías configurar http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser y http.proxyPassword usando el siguiente comando.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Modo Multi-Window Si estás utilizando Selenium 1.0, probablemente puedas omitir esta sección, ya que el modo de ventanas múltiples es el comportamiento predeterminado. Sin embargo, antes de la versión 1.0, Selenium ejecutaba la aplicación bajo prueba en un sub-marco como se muestra aquí:\nAlgunas aplicaciones no se ejecutaban correctamente en un sub-marcoo y debían ser cargadas en el marco superior de la ventana. La opción modo de ventana múltiple permitia al AUT ejecutarse en una ventana separada en lugar de en el marco predeterminado donde entonces podía tener el marco superior requerido.\nPara versiones anteriores de Selenium, debes especificar explícitamente el modo de ventanas múltiples con la siguiente opción:\n-multiwindow A partir de Selenium RC 1.0, si deseas ejecutar tu prueba dentro de un marco único (es decir, utilizando el estándar para versiones anteriores de Selenium) puedes indicar esto al servidor Selenium utilizando la opción\n-singlewindow Especificando el Perfil de Firefox Firefox no ejecutará dos instancias simultáneamente a menos que especifiques un perfil separado para cada instancia. Selenium RC 1.0 y posteriores se ejecutan en un perfil separado automáticamente, por lo que si estás utilizando Selenium 1.0, probablemente puedes omitir esta sección. Sin embargo, si estás utilizando una versión anterior de Selenium o si necesitas usar un perfil específico para tus pruebas (como agregar un certificado https o tener algunos complementos instalados), necesitas especificar explícitamente el perfil.\nPrimero, para crear un perfil separado de Firefox, sigue este procedimiento. Abre el menú Inicio de Windows, seleccione \u0026ldquo;Ejecutar\u0026rdquo;, luego escriba e ingrese uno de los siguientes:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Crea el nuevo perfil utilizando el cuadro de diálogo. Luego, cuando ejecutes Selenium Server, especificale que use este nuevo perfil de Firefox con la opción de línea de comandos del servidor -firefoxProfileTemplate y especifique la ruta del perfil utilizando el nombre del archivo y la ruta del directorio.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;ruta del perfil\u0026#34; Advertencia: Asegúrate de poner tu perfil en una nueva carpeta separada de la predeterminada. La herramienta de administrador de perfiles de Firefox eliminará todos los archivos de una carpeta si eliminas un perfil, independientemente de si son archivos de perfil o no.\nPuedes encontrar más información sobre los perfiles de Firefox en la Base de conocimiento de Mozilla\nEjecuta Selenese Directamente Dentro del Servidor Utilizando -htmlSuite Puedes ejecutar archivos html de Selenese directamente dentro del servidor Selenium pasando el archivo html a la línea de comandso del servidor. Por ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; Esto iniciará automáticamente tu suite HTML, ejecutará todas las pruebas y guardará un bonito reporte HTML con los resultados.\nNota: Al usar esta opción, el servidor comenzará las pruebas y esperará un número especificado de segundos a que la prueba se complete; si la prueba no se completa dentro de ese período de tiempo, el comando saldrá con un código distinto de cero y no se generará ningún reporte de resultados.\nEsta línea de comandos es muy larga, así que ten cuidado cuando la escribas. Ten en cuenta que esto requiere que pases una suite HTML Selenese, no una sola prueba. También ten en cuenta que la opción -htmlSuite es incompatible con -interactive No puedes ejecutar ambas al mismo tiempo.\nRegistros de Selenium Server Registros del Lado del servidor Al iniciar el servidor de Selenium, la opción -log puede usarse para grabar informaciónes valiosas de depuración reportadas por el servidor Selenium a un archivo de texto.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log Este archivo de registro es más detallado que los registros de consola estándar(incluye mensajes de registro de nivel DEBUG). El archivo de registro también incluye el nombre del registrador y la ID del número del hilo que registró el mensaje. Por ejemplo:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW El formato del mensaje es\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE Este mensaje puede ser de multiples lineas.\nRegistros del Lado del Navegador JavaScript en el lado del navegador (Selenium Core) también registra mensajes importantes; en muchos casos, estos pueden ser más útiles para el usuario final que los registros normales de Selenium Server. Para acceder a los registros del lado del navegador, pase el argumento -browserSideLog al servidor Selenium.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog debe combinarse con el argumento -log, para registrar browserSideLogs (así como todos los demás mensajes de registro de nivel DEBUG) en un archivo.\nEspecificando la Ruta a un Navegador Específico Puede especificarle a Selenium RC una ruta a un navegador específico. Esto es útil si tienes diferentes versiones del mismo navegador y deseas utilizar una en específico. Además, esto se utiliza para permitir que tus pruebas se ejecuten en un navegador no directamente apoyado por Selenium RC. Al especificar el modo de ejecución, use el especificador *custom seguido de la ruta completa al ejecutable del navegador:\n*custom \u0026lt;ruta al navegador\u0026gt; Arquitectura de Selenium RC Nota: Este tema trata de explicar la implementación técnica detrás de Selenium RC. No es fundamental para un usuario de Selenium saber esto, pero podría ser útil para comprender algunos de los problemas que pueda encontrar en el futuro.\nPara comprender en detalle cómo funciona Selenium RC Server y por qué utiliza la inyección proxy y modos aumentados de privilegios, primero debes entender la politica del mismo origen_.\nLa Política del Mismo Origen La principal restricción que enfrenta Selenium es la politica del mismo origen. Todos los navegadores en el mercado aplican esta restricción de seguridad y su objetivo es asegurar que el contenido de un sitio nunca sera accesible por un script desde otro sitio. La Política del Mismo Origen dicta que cualquier código cargado dentro de un navegador solo puede operar dentro del dominio de ese sitio web. No puede realizar funciones en otro sitio web. Entonces, por ejemplo, si el navegador carga el código JavaScript cuando carga www.mysite.com, no puede ejecutar ese código cargado contra www.mysite2.com, incluso si ese es otro de tus sitios. Si esto fuera posible, un script colocado en cualquier sitio web que abras podría leer información sobre tu cuenta bancaria si tuviera la página de la cuenta abierta en otra pestaña. Esto se llama XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nPara trabajar dentro de esta política, Selenium-Core (y sus comandos JavaScript que hacen que ocurra toda la magia) debe colocarse en el mismo origen que la Aplicación Bajo prueba (misma URL).\nHistóricamente, Selenium-Core estaba limitado por este problema ya que se implementó en JavaScript Sin embargo, Selenium RC no está restringido por la Política del Mismo Origen. Su uso de Selenium Server como proxy evita este problema. Esencialmente, le dice al navegador quq está trabajando en un único sitio web \u0026ldquo;falso\u0026rdquo; que el servidor proporciona.\nNota: Puedes encontrar información adicional sobre este tema en paginas Wikipedia sobre la Política del mismo origen y XSS.\nInyección de Proxy El primer método utilizado por Selenium para evitar la Política del Mismo Origen fue la Inyección de Proxy. En el modo de inyección de proxy, el servidor Selenium actúa como un proxy HTTP configurado por el cliente1, que se encuentra entre el navegador y la aplicación bajo prueba 2. Luego enmascara el AUT bajo una URL ficticia (incrustando Selenium- Core y el conjunto de pruebas y entregandolas como si vinieran del mismo origen).\nAquí hay un diagrama arquitectónico.\nCuando comienza un conjunto de pruebas en tu lenguaje favorito, sucede lo siguiente:\n El cliente/controlador establece una conexión con el servidor selenium-RC. El servidor Selenium RC inicia un navegador (o reutiliza uno antiguo) con una URL que inyecta el JavaScript de Selenium-Core en la página webcargada por el navegador. El controlador de cliente pasa un comando Selenese al servidor. El servidor interpreta el comando y luego activa la ejecucion JavaScript correspondiente para ejecutar ese comando dentro del navegador. Selenium-Core indica al navegador que actúe según esa primera instrucción, normalmente abriendo una página del AUT. El navegador recibe la solicitud abierta y solicita el contenido proxy HTTP para que lo use el navegador). El servidor Selenium RC se comunica con el servidor web solicitando la página y una vez lo recibe, envía la página al navegador enmascarando el origen para buscar como si la página viniera del mismo servidor que Selenium-Core (esto permite a Selenium-Core cumplir con la Política del mismo origen). El navegador recibe la página web y la muestra en el marco/ventana reservada para ello.  Navegadores con Privilegios Aumentados Este flujo de trabajo en este método es muy similar a la Inyección de Proxy pero la principal diferencia es que los navegadores se inician en un modo especial llamado Privilegios Aumentados, que permite a los sitios web hacer cosas que normalmente no están permitidas (como hacer XSS_ o llenar entradas de carga de archivos y cosas bastante útiles para Selenium). Al usar estos modos de navegador, Selenium Core puede abrir directamente el AUT y leer/interactúar con su contenido sin tener que pasar todo el AUT a través del servidor Selenium RC.\nAquí hay un diagrama arquitectónico.\nCuando comienza un conjunto de pruebas en tu lenguaje favorito, sucede lo siguiente:\n El cliente/controlador establece una conexión con el servidor Selenium-RC. El servidor Selenium RC inicia un navegador (o reutiliza uno antiguo) conuna URL eso cargará Selenium-Core en la página web. Selenium-Core obtiene la primera instrucción del cliente/controlador (a través de otra solicitud HTTP realizada al servidor Selenium RC) Selenium-Core actúa en esa primera instrucción, generalmente abriendo una página del AUT. El navegador recibe la solicitud de apertura y le pide al servidor web página. Una vez que el navegador recibe la página web, la muestra en el marco/ventana reservada para ello.  Manejo de HTTPS y Ventanas Emergentes de Seguridad Muchas aplicaciones cambian de HTTP a usar HTTPS cuando necesitan enviar información encriptada como contraseñas o informaciónes de tarjetas de crédito. Esto es común con muchas de las aplicaciones web actuales. Selenium RC apoya esto.\nPara garantizar que el sitio HTTPS sea genuino, el navegador necesitará un certificado de seguridad .De lo contrario, cuando el navegador acceda al AUT usando HTTPS, lo hará suponiendo que la aplicación no es \u0026ldquo;confiable\u0026rdquo;. Cuando esto ocurre, el navegador muestra ventanas emergentes de seguridad, y estas ventanas emergentes no se pueden cerrar con Selenium RC.\nCuando se trata de HTTPS en una prueba de Selenium RC, debes usar un modo de ejecución que lo admita y maneje el certificado de seguridad por ti. Especificas el modo de ejecución cuando tu programa de prueba inicializa Selenium.\nEn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 y posteriores, utiliza *firefox o *iexplore para el modo de ejecución. En versiones anteriores, incluida Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, utiliza *chrome o *iehta, para el modo de ejecución. Con estos modos de ejecución, no necesitarás instalar ningun certificado de seguridad especial; Selenium RC lo manejará por ti.\nEn la versión 1.0, los modos de ejecución *firefox o *iexplore son recomendados. Sin embargo, hay modos de ejecución adicionales de *iexploreproxy y *firefoxproxy. Estos se proporcionan solo para compatibilidad con versiones anteriores, y no deben usarse a menos que lo requieran los programas de prueba heredados. Su uso lo presentará limitaciones con el manejo del certificado de seguridad y con la ejecución de varias ventanas si tu aplicación abre ventanas adicionales del navegador.\nEn versiones anteriores de Selenium RC, *chrome o *iehta eran los modos de ejecución que soportaban HTTPS y el manejo de ventanas de seguridad emergentes. Estos fueron considerados modos ‘experimentales aunque se volvieron bastante estables y muchas personas los usaron. Si estas usando Selenium 1.0 no necesitas, y no debes usar, estos modos de ejecución más antiguos.\nCertificados de Seguridad Explicados Normalmente, tu navegador confiará en la aplicación que está probando instalando un certificado de seguridad que ya posee. Puedes verificar esto en las opciones de tu navegador o en las propiedades de Internet (si no conoces el certificado de seguridad de tu AUT, consulta al administrador del sistema). Cuando Selenium carga tu navegador, inyecta código para interceptar mensajes entre el navegador y el servidor. El navegador ahora piensa el software no confiable está tratando de parecerse a su aplicación. Responde alertándote con ventanas emergentes.\nPara evitar esto, Selenium RC, (nuevamente cuando se utiliza un modo de ejecución que permite esto) instalará su propio certificado de seguridad, temporalmente, en tu máquina cliente en un lugar donde el navegador pueda acceder a ella. Esto engaña al navegador haciendole creer que está accediendo a un sitio diferente de su AUT y suprime efectivamente las ventanas emergentes.\nOtro método utilizado con versiones anteriores de Selenium era instalar el certificado de seguridad de Cybervillians incluido con tu instalación de Selenium. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los usuarios ya no deberían de necesitar hacer esto; si estas ejecutando Selenium RC en modo de inyección proxy, es posible que debas instalar explícitamente este certificado de seguridad.\nSoportando Navegadores y Configuraciones de Navegador Adicionales La API de Selenium permite la ejecución en múltiples navegadores además de Internet Explorer y Mozilla Firefox. Consulta el sitio web https://selenium.dev para ver los navegadores compatibles. Además, cuando un navegador no es directamente compatible, aún puede ejecutar tus pruebas de Selenium en un navegador de tu elección usando el modo de ejecución \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; (es decir, en lugar de *firefox o *iexplore) cuando tu aplicación de prueba inicia el navegador. Con esto,pasas la ruta a los navegadores ejecutables dentro de la llamada al API. Esto también se puede hacer desde el Servidor en modo interactivo.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Ejecución de Pruebas con Diferentes Configuraciones de Navegador Normalmente, Selenium RC configura automáticamente el navegador, pero si inicias el navegador que utilizando modo de ejecución \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;, puedes forzar a Selenium RC a iniciar el navegador tal cual, sin usar una configuración automática.\nPor ejemplo, puedes iniciar Firefox con una configuración personalizada como esta:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Ten en cuenta que al iniciar el navegador de esta manera, debes configurar el navegador para que use el servidor Selenium como un proxy. Normalmente esto solo significa abrir las preferencias del navegador y especificar \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; como un proxy HTTP, pero las instrucciones para esto pueden diferir radicalmente de un navegador a otro. Consulte la documentación de tu navegador para más detalles.\nTen en cuenta que los navegadores Mozilla pueden variar en cómo se inician y se detienen. Es posible que sea necesario configurar la variable de entorno MOZ_NO_REMOTE para hacer que los navegadores Mozilla se comporten un poco más previsiblemente. Los usuarios de Unix deben evitar iniciar el navegador usando un script de shell; generalmente es mejor usar el ejecutable binario (por ejemplo, firefox-bin) directamente.\nSolucionando Problemas Comunes Al comenzar con Selenium RC, potencialmente hay algunos problemas que comúnmente se pueden encontrar. Aquí los presentamos junto con sus soluciones .\nIncapaz de Conectarse al Servidor Cuando tu programa de prueba no puede conectarse al servidor Selenium, Selenium lanza una excepción en tu programa de prueba. Debería mostrar este mensaje o uno similar:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) Si ves un mensaje como este, asegúrate de haber iniciado Selenium Server. Si es asi, entonces hay un problema con la conectividad entre la Librería Selenium Client y el servidor Selenium.\nAl comenzar con Selenium RC, la mayoría de las personas comienzan ejecutando su programa de prueba (con una Librería Cliente de Selenium) y el servidor Selenium en la misma máquina. Para hacer esto utiliza \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; como parámetro de conexión. Recomendamos comenzar de esta manera, ya que reduce la influencia de posibles problemas de red ya que estás empezando. Asumiendo que tu sistema operativo tiene una red típica y la configuración de TCP/IP debería tener poca dificultad. En verdad, mucha gente elige ejecutar las pruebas de esta manera.\nSin embargo, si desea ejecutar Selenium Server en una máquina remota, la conectividad debería estar bien suponiendo que tenga una conectividad TCP/IP válida entre las dos máquinas.\nSi tiene dificultades para conectarse, puedes usar herramientas de red comunes como ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc. para garantizar que tenga una conexión de red. Si no estás familiarizado con estos, el administrador del sistema puede ayudarte.\nIncapaz de Cargar el Navegador Ok, no es un mensaje de error amigable, lo siento, pero si el servidor Selenium no puede cargar el navegador es probable que veas este error.\n(500) Internal Server Error Esto podria ser causado por\n Firefox (anterior a Selenium 1.0) no puede iniciarse porque el navegador ya está abierto y no espicificaste un perfil separado. Consulte la sección sobre perfiles de Firefox en Opciones del Servidor. El modo de ejecución que está utilizando no coincide con ningún navegador en su máquina. Comprueba los parámetros que pasó a Selenium cuando tu programa abre el navegador. Espicificaste la ruta al navegador explícitamente (usando \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; -ver arriba) pero la ruta es incorrecta. Verifique que la ruta sea correcta.Tambien comprueba el grupo de usuarios para asegurarte de que no haya ningun problema conocids con tu navegador y los parámetros \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;.  Selenium no Puede Encontrar el AUT Si tu programa de prueba inicia el navegador con éxito, pero el navegador no muestra el sitio web que está probando, la causa más probable es que tu programa de prueba no está utilizando la URL correcta.\nEsto puede suceder fácilmente. Cuando uitlizas Selenium-IDE para exportar tu script, este inserta una URL ficticia. Debes cambiar manualmente la URL a la correcta para que tu aplicación sea probada.\nFirefox Rechazó Apagarse Mientras Preparaba un Perfil Esto ocurre con mayor frecuencia cuando ejecutas tu programa de pruebas de Selenium RC contra Firefox, pero ya tienes una sesión del navegador Firefox ejecutándose y no especificaste un perfil separado cuando inició el servidor Selenium. El error del programa de prueba se parece a esto:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Aqui está el error completo del servidor:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock Para resolver esto, ve a la sección Especificando el Perfil de Firefox\nProblemas de Versionamiento Asegúrate de que tu versión de Selenium sea compatible con la versión de tu navegador. Por ejemplo, Selenium RC 0.92 no es compatible con Firefox 3. A veces puedes ser afortunado (Yo lo era). Pero no olvides comprobar qué las versiones del navegador son compatibles con la versión de Selenium que estás utilizando. Cuando estes en duda, utiliza la última versión de lanzamiento de Selenium con la versión más utilizada de su navegador\nMensaje de Error: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; Iniciando el Servidor Este error dice que no estás utilizando una versión correcta de Java. El servidor Selenium requiere Java 1.5 ó superior.\nPara verificar tu versión de Java, ejecuta esto desde la línea de comandos.\njava -version Deberias ver un mensaje mostrando la version de Java.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) Si ves un número de versión inferior, es posible que debas actualizar el JRE, o simplemente necesitas agregarlo a tu variable de entorno PATH.\nError 404 ejecutando el comando getNewBrowserSession Si recibes un error 404 al intentar abrir una página en \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, entonces debe ser porque el Selenium Server no se configuró correctamente como proxy. El directorio “selenium-server” no existe en google.com; solo parece existir cuando el proxy es debidamente configurado. La configuración del proxy depende en gran medida de cómo es lanzado el navegador con Firefox, iexplore, Opera o custom.\n  iexplore: si el navegador se inicia usando *iexplore, podrías tener un problema con la configuración del proxy de Internet Explorer. Selenium Server intenta configurar la configuración global del proxy en el Panel de Control de Opciones de Internet. Debes asegurarte de que estén correctamente configurados cuando Selenium Server inicia el navegador. Intenta mirar en tu panel de control de Opciones de Internet. Haz clic en la pestaña \u0026ldquo;Conexiones\u0026rdquo; y haz clic en \u0026ldquo;Configuración de LAN\u0026rdquo;.\n Si necesitas usar un proxy para acceder a la aplicación que deseas probar, deberás iniciar Selenium Server con \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; consulta la Configuración de proxy_ para obtener más detalles. También puedes intentar configurar tu proxy manualmente y luego iniciar el navegador con *custom, o con el lanzador de navegadores *iehta.    custom: cuando se usa *custom, debes configurar el proxy correctamente (manualmente), de lo contrario, obtendrás un error 404. Verifica que hayas configuraste tus ajustes de proxy correctamente. Para verificar si se ha configurado el proxy correctamente intenta configurar intencionalmente el navegador de manera incorrecta. Intenta configurar el navegador para utilizar el nombre de host del servidor proxy incorrecto o el puerto incorrecto. Si configuraste correctamente la configuración del proxy incorrecto del navegador, entonces el navegador no podrá conectarse a Internet, lo que es una de las formas de asegurarse de que uno está ajustando las configuraciones relevantes.\n  Para otros navegadores (*firefox, *opera) automáticamente codificamos el proxy por ti, por lo que no hay problemas conocidos con esta funcionalidad. Si encuentras errores 404 y has seguido cuidadosamente esta guía del usuario publica tus resultados en el grupo de usuarios para obtener ayuda de la comunidad de usuarios.\n  Error Permiso Denegado La razón más común para este error es que tu sesión intenta violar la política del mismo origen al cruzar los límites del dominio (por ejemplo, accede a una página desde http://dominio1 y luego accede a una página desde http://dominio2) o al cambiar de protocolos (pasar de http://dominioX a https:// dominioX).\nEste error también puede ocurrir cuando JavaScript intenta encontrar objetos de la IU que aún no están disponibles (antes de que la página haya cargado completamente), o ya no están disponibles (después de que la página ha comenzado a descargarse). Esto se encuentra con mayor frecuencia con páginas AJAX que trabajan con secciones de una página o subtramas que se cargan y/o recargan independientemente de la página.\nEste error puede ser intermitente. A menudo es imposible reproducir el problema con un depurador porque el problema surge por condiciones de carrera que no son reproducibles cuando la sobrecarga del depurador se agrega al sistema. Problemas de permisos están cubiertos con algún detalle en el tutorial. Lee la sección sobre la La Politica del Mismo Origen_, y tambien la sección Inyección de proxy_ cuidadosamente.\nManejo de Ventanas Emergentes del Navegador Hay varios tipos de \u0026ldquo;ventanas emergentes\u0026rdquo; que puedse obtener durante una prueba de Selenium. Es posible que no puedas cerrar estas ventanas emergentes ejecutando comandos de Selenium si son iniciados por el navegador y no por tu AUT. Puedes necesitar saber cómo gestionarlos. Cada tipo de ventana emergente debe abordarse de manera diferente.\n  Diálogos de autenticación básica HTTP: estos diálogos solicitan un nombre de usuario/contraseña para iniciar sesión en el sitio. Para iniciar sesión en un sitio que requiere autenticación HTTP básica, use un nombre de usuario y contraseña en la URL, como esta descrito en RFC 1738_, así: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  Advertencias del certificado SSL: Selenium RC intenta falsificar automáticamente los certificados SSL cuando está habilitado como proxy; ver más sobre esto en la sección sobre HTTPS. Si tu navegador está configurado correctamente, nunca deberías ver las advertencias del certificado SSL, pero es posible que debas configursr tu navegador para confiar en nuestra autoridad peligrosa de certificado SSL \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo;. Nuevamente, consulte la sección HTTPS para saber cómo hacer esto.\n  cuadros de diálogo de alerta/confirmación/aviso modal de JavaScript: Selenium intenta ocultarte esos diálogos (reemplazando window.alert, window.confirm y window.prompt) para que no detengan la ejecución de tu página. Si ves una ventana de alerta emergente, probablemente se deba a que se disparó durante el proceso de carga de la página, que suele ser demasiado pronto para que podamos proteger la página. Selenese contiene comandos para afirmar o verificar alertas y ventanas emergentes de confirmación. Ver las secciones sobre estos temas en el Capítulo 4.\n  En Linux, ¿por qué no se cierra la sesión de mi navegador Firefox? En Unix/Linux debes invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directamente, así que asegúrate de que el ejecutable está en la ruta. Si ejecutas Firefox a través de un script de shell, cuando llega el momento de matar el navegador Selenium RC matará el script de shell, dejando el navegador en ejecución. Puedes especificar la ruta a firefox-bin directamente, de esta forma.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome no funciona con un perfil personalizado Verifica el folder del perfil Firefox -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comenta esta linea de esta forma: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; e intenta de nuevo.\nEstá bien cargar una ventana emergente personalizada mientras se carga la página principal (es decir, antes de que se ejecute la función JavaScript window.onload() de la página principal)? No. Selenium depende de los interceptores para determinar los nombres de las ventanas a medida que se cargan. Estos interceptores funcionan mejor en la captura de nuevas ventanas si las ventanas se cargan DESPUÉS la función onload(). Selenium pueda que no reconozca ventanas cargadas antes de la función onload.\nFirefox en Linux En Unix/Linux, las versiones de Selenium anteriores a la 1.0 necesitaban invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directamente, por lo que si estás utilizando una versión anterior, asegúrate de que el ejecutable verdadero está en la ruta.\nEn la mayoría de las distribuciones de Linux, el verdadero firefox-bin se encuentra en:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Donde x.x.x es el número de la versión que tiene actualmente. Entonces, para agregar esa ruta a la ruta del usuario, deberás agregar lo siguiente a tu archivo .bashrc:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; Si es necesario, puedes especificar la ruta a firefox-bin directamente en tu prueba, de esta forma:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE y Atributos de Estilo Si estás ejecutando tus pruebas en Internet Explorer y no puedes localizar elementos que usan tu atributo style. Por ejemplo:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] Esto funcionaría perfectamente en Firefox, Opera o Safari pero no con IE. IE interpreta las teclas en @style como mayúsculas. Entonces, incluso si el código fuente está en minúsculas, debes usar:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] Esto es un problema si tu prueba está diseñada para funcionar en múltiples navegadores, pero puedes codificar fácilmente tu prueba para detectar la situación y probar el localizador alternativo que solo funciona en IE.\nError encontrado - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; con el apagado del navegador *googlechrome Para evitar este error, debes iniciar el navegador con una opción que deshabilite las mismas verificaciones de políticas de origen:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encontrado en IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; Para evitar este error, debes configurar el navegador: desactiva el bloqueador de ventanas emergentes Y desmarque la opción \u0026lsquo;Habilitar modo protegido\u0026rsquo; en Herramientas \u0026raquo; Opciones \u0026raquo; Seguridad.\n  El proxy es una tercera persona situada en el medio que pasa la pelota entre las dos partes. Actúa como un \u0026ldquo;servidor web\u0026rdquo; que entrega el AUT al navegador. Ser un proxy le da al Selenium Server la capacidad de \u0026ldquo;mentir\u0026rdquo; sobre la URL real del AUT. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n El navegador se inicia con un perfil de configuración que establece localhost:4444 como el proxy HTTP, es por eso que cualquier solicitud HTTP que haga el navegador pasará a través del servidor Selenium y la respuesta pasará a través de él y no desde el servidor real. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Con el fin de crear una nueva sesión del WebDriver de Selenium, la parte local debe proveer las capacidades(capabilities) básicas a la parte remota. La parte remota usa el mismo conjunto de capacidades para crear una sesión y describir las funcionalidades de la sesión actual.\nEl WebDriver proporciona unas capacidades que cada parte remota debe apoyar en su implementación. Las siguientes capacidades son las que el WebDriver soporta:\nbrowserName: Esta capacidad es usada para fijar el browserName(nombre del navegador) para una sesión dada. Si el navegador especificado no esta instado en la parte remota, la creación la sesión fallará.\nbrowserVersion: Esta capacidad es opcional, es usada para fijar la versión disponible del navegador en la parte remota. Por ejemplo, si preguntamos por una versión 75 de Chrome en un sistema que solo tiene instalada la versión 80 instalada, la creación de la sesión fallará.\npageLoadStrategy: Cuando navegamos a una nueva pagina vía URL, por defecto Selenium esperará hasta que la pagina este cargada completamente antes de responder. Esto funciona bien para principiantes, pero puede causar largos tiempos de espera en paginas que cargan una gran cantidad de recursos externos. Usando alguna de las estrategias que no están especificadas por defecto puedes hacer que tus tests se ejecuten mas rápidamente pero también podrías llegar a introducir problemas de fiabilidad donde los elementos de la pagina cambian de posición según estos elementos van cargando.\nLa estrategia de carga de las paginas consulta el atributo document.readyState como se describe en la tabla siguiente:\n   Estrategia Estado Atributo Ready Notas     normal complete Usado por defecto, espera a que todos los recursos se descarguen   eager interactive Acceso al DOM esta listo, pero los otros recursos como imágenes pueden estar cargando   none Any No bloquea al WebDriver en absoluto    platformName Esto es usado para identificar el sistema operativo en la parte remota, buscar la capacidad platformName devuelve el sistema operativo.\nEn proveedores basados en la nube, fijar la capacidad platformName permite definir el sistema operativo de la parte remota.\nacceptInsecureCerts Esta capacidad comprueba si un certificado TLS ha vencido o es invalido esta siendo usado para navegar durante una sesión.\nSi esta capacidad esta fijada a false, un error de certificado inseguro sera devuelto cuando la navegación encuentre cualquier dominio con problemas de certificado. Si se fija a true, los certificados inválidos serán confiados por el navegador\nTodos los certificados auto-firmados serán confiables por esta capacidad por defecto. Una vez. Una vez fijado la capacidad acceptInsecureCerts tendrá efecto durante la sesión entera.\nTimeouts de sesión Una sesión del WebDriver es impuesta con un cierto intervalo de timeout de sesión durante el cual el usuario puede controlar el comportamiento de ejecutar scripts o recuperar información del navegador.\nCada timeout de sesión es configurado con una combinación diferente de timeouts como se describe a continuación:\nTimeout de script (Script Timeout): Especifica cuando interrumpir un script en ejecución en el contexto actual del navegador. Por defecto esta configurado a 30,000 cuando una nueva sesión es creada por el WebDriver.\nTimeout de tiempo de carga (Page Load Timeout): Especifica el intervalo de tiempo en el cual una pagina de web necesita ser cargada en el contexto actual del navegador. El timeout por defecto es de 300,000 para las nuevas sesiones creadas por el WebDriver. Si el tiempo de carga excede el limite marcado, el script será parado por una excepción del tipo TimeoutException.\nTimeout de esperas implicitas (Implicit Wait Timeout): Esto especifica el tiempo de espera para la estrategia de localización de elementos implicita. Por defecto el timeout es de 0, este es impuesto cuando se crea una nueva sesión a través del WebDriver.\nGestionar el comportamiento de las popups Prompt (unhandledPromptBehavior) Especifica la forma en la que el usuario puede manejar las popups prompt (user prompt handler) en la sesión actual. El valor predeterminado es dismiss and notify state\nManejo de las popups Prompt (User Prompt Handler) Esto define que acción se debe tomar cuando aparece una ventana prompt en la parte remota. Es definida por la capacidad unhandledPromptBehavior y tiene los siguientes estados:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Capacidades específicas de los Drivers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Define las capacidades usando FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions es la nueva forma de definir capacidades para el navegador Firefox y debe de ser usado de manera general antes que DesriredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Fijando un perfil a medida Es posible crear perfiles a medida para Firefox, como se puede ver a continuación.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer Timeout ventana de selección de archivos (fileUploadDialogTimeout) En algunos entornos, Internet Explorer puede devolver un timeout cuando se abra una ventana de selección de archivos (file upload dialog). Por defecto el IEDriver tiene un timeout de 1000ms, pero puedes incrementarlo usando la capacidad fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando tu propio Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para usar Selenium Grid, necesitas mantener tu propia infraestructura para los nodos. Como esto puede suponer un engorro y suponer un gran esfuerzo de tiempo, muchas organizaciones usan proveedores de IaaS (Infraestructura como servicio) como Amazon EC2 y Google Compute para proveer esta infraestructura.\nOtras opciones incluyen usar proveedores como Sauce Labs or Testing Bot los cuales proveen Selenium Grid como servicio en la nueve. Ciertamente, también es posible ejecutar los nodos en tu propio hardware. Esta capitulo abordara en detalle la opción de ejecutar tu propio Grid completo con su propia infraestructura de nodos.\nInicio rápido Este ejemplo te enseñará como poner en marcha el Grid Hub de Selenium 2 y registrar un nodo WebDriver y un nodo heredado de Selenium 1 RC. También te enseñaremos como llamar al Grid desde Java. El hub y los nodos se muestran aquí ejecutándose en la misma maquina, pero por supuesto puedes copiar selenium-server-standalone en múltiples maquinas.\nEl paquete de selenium-server-standalone incluye el hub, el WebDriver y el servidor RC heredado necesarios para ejecutar el Grid, ant ya no es necesario. Puedes descargar selenium-server-standalone.jar desde https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nPaso 1: Iniciar el Hub El Hub es el punto central que recibirá las peticiones de los tests y las distribuirá a los nodos adecuados. La distribución se hace en función capacidades, esto significa que un test que necesite un conjunto de capacidades solo sera distribuido a los nodos que ofrezcan ese conjunto o subconjunto de capacidades.\nDebido a que las capacidades deseadas de una prueba son justo lo que el nombre implica deseadas, el hub no garantiza que se localice un nodo que coincida completamente con el conjunto de capacidades deseadas.\nAbre una ventana de navegación y navega hasta el directorio donde tienes copiado el archivo selenium-server-standalone.jar. Puedes iniciar el hub pasandole el parámetro -role hub al servidor standalone.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub El hub escuchará al puerto 4444 por defecto. Puedes ver el estado del hub abriendo una ventana del navegador y navegando a http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPara cambiar el puerto por defecto, puedes añadir el parámetro opcional -port asignándole un valor entero que representará el puerto a escuchar cuando se ejecute el comando. Ademas todas las otras opciones que puedes observar en el archivo de configuración JSON (mostrado a continuación) son posibles parámetros vía linea de comandos.\nCiertamente puedes trabajar solo con el comando simple que se muestra arriba, pero si necesitases una configuración mas avanzada podrías especificarla en un archivo de configuración JSON para configurar el hub con su arranque. Puedes hacerlo tal que así.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug A continuación puedes ver un ejemplo de un archivo hubConfig.json. Iremos mas en detalle sobre como proveer archivos de configuración a los nodos en el paso 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Paso 2: Iniciar los nodos Independientemente de si quieres ejecutar un Grid con una nueva funcionalidad del WebDriver, un Grid con funcionalidades de Selenium 1 RC, o ambas al mismo tiempo se usa el mismo archivo selenium-server-standalone.jar para arrancar los nodos.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Si no se especifica un puerto a través del parámetro -port se elegirá un puerto libre. Puedes ejecutar múltiples nodos en una maquina pero si lo haces tienes que tener en cuenta los recursos de memoria de tus sistemas y de los problemas con las capturas de pantalla si tus tests las realizan.\nConfiguración de un nodo con opciones Como hemos mencionado, para disponer de compatibilidad con las versiones anteriores los roles \u0026ldquo;wd\u0026rdquo; y \u0026ldquo;rc\u0026rdquo; todavía son un subconjunto valido del rol en los \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo;. Pero estos roles limitan el tipo de conexiones remotas a sus correspondientes APIs, mientras que el rol \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo; permite conexiones remotas a ambos el RC y al WebDriver.\nPasar propiedades de la JVM (como usar el parámetro -D antes del argumento -jar) vía linea de comando permitirá a las nodos recoger y propagar estos parámetros.\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfigurando un nodo via JSON Tambien se pueden ejecutar nodos que hayan sido configurados via archivos de configuración JSON.\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json Este es un ejemplo de archivo nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Una nota sobre el parametro -host:\nPara ambos el hub y el nodo, si no se especifica el parámetro -host se usará por defecto la IP 0.0.0.0. Este se unirá a todos los interfaces IPv4 públicos (sin loopback) de la maquina. Si tienes alguna configuración de red especial o algún componente que utilice interfaces de red extra es recomendado fijar el parámetro -host con un valor que permita que el hub o los nodos sean accesibles desde maquinas diferentes.\nEspecificando el puerto El puerto TCP/IP por defecto usado por el hub es el 4444. Si necesitas cambiar el puerto por favor usa las configuraciones mencionadas arriba.\nSolución de problemas Usando un archivo log Para resolución de problemas avanzados puedes especificar un archivo de log que almacene los mensajes del sistema. Lanza el Grid de Selenium o el nodo con el argumento -log. A continuación dispone de un ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Usa tu editor de texto favorito para abrir el archivo de log (log.txt en el ejemplo) para encontrar los logs de \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; si tienes problemas.\nUsando el argumento -debug También puedes usar el argumento -debug para imprimir los logs de debug en la consola. Lanza el Grid de Selenium o el nodo con el argumento -debug. A continuación dispone de un ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Advertencia El Grid de Selenium debe estar protegido contra accesos externos mediante el uso apropiado de permisos de firewall.\nFallar a la hora de proteger el Grid puede resultar en uno o mas de los siguientes problemas:\n Proveer acceso abierto a tu infraestructura del Grid. Permitir a terceros el acceso a aplicaciones web y archivos interno. Permitir a terceros ejecutar tus ejecutables.  Puedes visitar el blog Detectify el cual te puede aportar mas información sobre los peligros de exponer tu grid públicamente. Aquí puedes visitar el articulo Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nSelenium Docker Docker provee una forma conveniente de aprovisionar y escalar la infraestructura de Selenium Grid en unidades conocidas como contenedores. Los contenedores son unidades estandarizadas de software que contienen todo lo necesario para ejecutar la aplicación deseada, incluidas todas las dependencias, en un entorno confiable y regenerable en diferentes sistemas.\nEl proyecto de Selenium mantiene un conjunto de imágenes Docker las cuales puedes descargar y ejecutar para tener un Grid funcionando rápidamente. Los nodos están disponibles para los navegadores Firefox y Chrome. Todos los detalles de como abastecer un Grid se encuentran en Docker Selenium.\nPrerequisitos El único requisito para ejecutar el Grid es tener Docker instalado y funcionando. Puedes descargar Docker en este enlace.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando tu propio Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Convenciones tipográficas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Cuando usar el Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generalmente hablando, hay dos razones por las cuales podrías querer usar el Grid.\n Para ejecutar tus tests contra múltiples navegadores, múltiples versiones de navegadores y múltiples navegadores bajo diferentes sistemas operativos. Para reducir el tiempo que tarda en completarse la ejecución de tu suite de test.  El Grid se usa para acelerar la ejecución de los test usando múltiples maquinas para ejecutarlos en paralelo. Por ejemplo, si tienes una suite con 100 tests, pero configuras el Grid para soportar cuatro maquinas diferentes (ya sean maquinas virtuales o maquinas separadas físicamente) para ejecutar los tests, tu suite completará la ejecución en aproximadamente una cuarta parte del tiempo que habría tardado si se hubiesen ejecutado de manera secuencial en una sola maquina. Para suites de test grandes y suites de larga duración, como aquellas que realizan gran cantidad de validaciones de datos, puede suponer un gran ahorro de tiempo. Algunas suites de test pueden llegar tardar horas en ejecutarse. Otra razón puede ser acortar el tiempo de espera para recibir los resultados de los tests cuando los desarrolladores suben el código de su aplicación a los entornos de pruebas . Cada vez mas equipos de software practican metodologías de desarrollo software Agile en las cuales es necesario tener feedback tan rápido como sea posible en lugar de esperar durante toda la noche para que los tests finalicen su ejecución.\nEl Grid también es usado para soportar múltiples ejecuciones de test contra múltiples entornos, especialmente, contra diferentes navegadores al mismo tiempo. Por ejemplo, un Grid de maquinas virtuales puede ser configurado con cada una soportando un navegador diferente, estos navegadores pueden ser aquellos que la aplicación deba soportar. Así, la maquina uno tiene Internet Explorer 8, la maquina dos Internet Explorer 9, la maquina tres la ultima versión de Chrome y la maquina cuatro la ultima versión de Firefox. Cuando la suite de test es ejecutada, el Grid de Selenium recibe cada combinación de test-navegador y asigna la ejecución al navegador requerido.\nAdicionalmente, uno puede tener en el Grid los mismos navegadores, tipos y versiones. Por ejemplo podría tener en el Grid cuatro maquinas cada una ejecutando tres instancias de Firefox 70, permitiendo así tener una granja de servidores (en cierto sentido) de instancias de Firefox. De esta manera cuando se ejecute la suite, cada test es pasado al Grid el cual lo asignará a la siguiente instancia de Firefox disponible. De esta forma se obtendrían los resultados en los cuales doce tests se habrán estado ejecutando todos a mismo tiempo en paralelo, reduciendo así significativamente el tiempo que se requiere en completar la ejecución de la suite.\nEl Grid es muy flexible. Estos dos ejemplos pueden ser combinados para permitir múltiples instancias de cada tipo de navegador y versión. Configuraciones de este tipo permiten proveer una paralelización para completar las ejecuciones mas rápidamente y soportar múltiples tipos de navegadores y versiones simultáneamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Descarga de archivos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mientras que es posible empezar una descarga haciendo clic en el enlace, con el navegador que este siendo controlado por Selenium, el API no expone el progreso de la descarga, haciéndolo poco ideal para probar la descarga de archivos. Esto es debido a que descargar archivos no es considerado un aspecto importante de la emulación de las interacciones de los usuarios con las plataformas web. En lugar de ello, se recomienda encontrar el enlace con Selenium (y cualquier Cookie requerida) y pasarselo a una librería que permita hacer peticiones HTTP como libcurl.\nEl HtmlUnit driver puede descargar archivos adjuntos accediendo a ellos como flujos de entrada mediante la implementación de la interfaz AttachmentHandler. El AttachmentHandler se puede agregar al HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Instalando los binarios de WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para ejecutar tu proyecto y controlar el navegador, debes tener instalados los binarios de WebDriver específicos para el navegador.\nDescarga el binario de WebDriver soportado por tu navegador y colócalo en el PATH del sistema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/","title":"Introducción","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introducción Selenium es un proyecto que alberga un catálogo de herramientas y librerías que permiten y sustentan la automatización de navegadores web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Lenguaje de dominio específico","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un lenguaje de dominio específico (DSL) es un sistema que proporciona al usuario un medio expresivo para resolver un problema. Permite a un usuario interactuar con el sistema en sus términos, no solo en jerga del programador.\nA tus usuarios, en general, no les importa cómo se ve su sitio. Ellos no se preocupan por la decoración, animaciones o gráficos. Ellos desean utilizar tu sistema para impulsar a sus nuevos empleados a través del proceso con mínima dificultad; quieren reservar un viaje a Alaska; quieren configurar y comprar unicornios con descuento. Tu trabajo como el probador debe acercarse lo más que pueda a \u0026ldquo;capturar\u0026rdquo; esta mentalidad. Con eso en mente, nos propusimos \u0026ldquo;modelar\u0026rdquo; la aplicación con que estas trabajando, de modo que los scripts de prueba (el único proxy pre-lanzamiento del usuario ) \u0026ldquo;hablen\u0026rdquo; por, y representen al usuario.\nCon Selenium, el DSL generalmente se representa por métodos, escritos para hacer la API simple y legible: permiten un informe entre desarrolladores y partes interesadas (usuarios, dueños de producto, especialistas en inteligencia de negocios, etc).\nBeneficios  Legible: Las partes interesadas del negocio pueden entenderlo. Escribible: Fácil de escribir, evita duplicaciones innecesarias. Extensible: Se puede agregar funcionalidad (razonablemente) sin romper los contratos y la funcionalidad existente. Mantenible: Al dejar los detalles de implementación fuera de casos de prueba, está bien aislado contra cambios en el AUT*.  Java Aquí hay un ejemplo de un método DSL razonable en Java. En aras de la brevedad, se supone que el objeto driver está predefinido y disponible para el método.\n/** * Toma un nombre de usuario y una contraseña, completa los campos y hace clic en \u0026#34;iniciar sesión\u0026#34;. * @return Una instancia de AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Completa el campo de contraseña. El localizador que estamos usando es \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, y deberíamos  // tenerlo definido en otra parte de la clase.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Haz clic en el botón de inicio de sesión, que tiene el id \u0026#34;enviar\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Crea y devuelve una nueva instancia de AccountPage (a través del PageFactory  // incorporado a Selenium).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Este método abstrae completamente los conceptos de campos de entrada, botones, clics e incluso páginas de tu código de prueba. Usando este enfoque, todo lo que un probador tiene que hacer es llamar a este método. Esto da una ventaja de mantenimiento: si los campos de inicio de sesión alguna vez cambian, solo tendrías que cambiar este método, no tus pruebas.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Ahora que hemos iniciado sesión, haz otras cosas, ya que utilizamos un DSL para admitir  // nuestros probadore, es tan fácil como elegir entre los métodos disponibles.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Ten en cuenta que todavía no nos hemos referido a un botón o control web en ninguna parte de este  // script... } Vale la pena repetirlo: uno de tus objetivos principales debe ser escribir un API que permite que tus pruebas aborden el problema en cuestión, y NO el problema de la interfaz de usuario. La interfaz de usuario es una preocupación secundaria para tus usuarios: no les importa la interfaz de usuario, solo quieren obtener su trabajo hecho. Tus scripts de prueba deben leerse como una lista de cosas el usuario quiere HACER, y las cosas que quiere SABER. Las pruebas no deben preocuparse por CÓMO la IU requiere que vayas al respecto.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrando de RC a WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cómo migrar a Selenium WebDriver Una pregunta común al adoptar Selenium 2 es qué seria lo correcto al agregar nuevas pruebas a un conjunto existente de pruebas?. Los usuarios que son nuevos al framework pueden comenzar utilizando las nuevas API de WebDriver para escribir sus pruebas. ¿Pero qué pasa con los usuarios que ya tienen suites de pruebas existentes? Esta guía es diseñada para demostrar cómo migrar tus pruebas existentes a las nuevas APIs, permitiendo que todas las pruebas nuevas se escriban usando las nuevas características ofrecidas por WebDriver.\nEl método presentado aquí describe una migración gradual al WebDriver API sin necesidad de volver a trabajar todo en un solo esfuerzo masivo. Esto significa que te puedes permitir más tiempo para migrar tus pruebas existentes, lo que puede facilitarte decidir dónde dirigir tu esfuerzo.\nEsta guía está escrita usando Java, porque tiene el mejor soporte para hacer la migración. A medida que proporcionemos mejores herramientas para otros lenguajes, esta guía se ampliará para incluir esos lenguajes.\nPor qué migrar a WebDriver Mover un conjunto de pruebas de una API a otra requiere una enorme cantidad de esfuerzo. ¿Por qué tu y tu equipo considerarían hacer este movimiento? Estas son algunas razones por las que deberían considerar migrar sus pruebas de Selenium para usar WebDriver.\n API más pequeña y compacta. La API de WebDriver está más orientada a objetos que la API original de Selenium RC. Esto puede hacer que sea más fácil trabajar con él. Mejor emulación de las interacciones del usuario. Donde sea posible, WebDriver hace uso de eventos nativos para interactuar con una página web. Esto imita más de cerca la forma en que tus usuarios trabajan con tu sitio y tus aplicaciones. Adicionalmente, WebDriver ofrece las API avanzadas de interacciones de usuario que te permiten modelar interacciones complejas con tu sitio. Soporte por proveedores de navegador. Opera, Mozilla y Google son todos participantes activos en el desarrollo de WebDriver, y cada uno tiene ingenieros trabajando para mejorar el framework. A menudo, esto significa que el soporte para WebDriver está integrado en el navegador: tus pruebas se ejecutan tan rápido y tan estables como sea posible.  Antes de empezar Para que el proceso de migración sea lo menos doloroso posible, asegúrate de que todas tus pruebas se ejecuten correctamente con la última versión de Selenium. Esto puede sonar obvio, ¡pero es mejor decirlo!\nEmpezando El primer paso al comenzar la migración es cambiar la forma de obtener tu instancia de Selenium. Cuando se usa Selenium RC, esto se hace así:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Esto debería ser reemplazado de la siguiente manera:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Próximos pasos Una vez que tus pruebas se ejecutan sin errores, la siguiente etapa es migrar el código de prueba real para usar las API de WebDriver. Dependiendo de qué tan bien abstraído este tu código, esto podría ser un proceso corto o largo. En cualquier caso, el enfoque es el mismo y se puede resumir simplemente: modifique el código para usar la nueva API cuando vayas a editarlo.\nSi necesitas extraer la implementación subyacente de WebDriver de en la instancia de Selenium, simplemente puedes hacer un casteo a WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Esto te permite continuar pasando la instancia de Selenium normalmente, pero desenvuelve la instancia de WebDriver según sea necesario.\nEn algún momento, tu código base utilizará principalmente las API más nuevas. En este punto, puedes voltear la relación, utilizando WebDriver para instanciar una instancia de Selenium según sea necesario:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problemas Comunes Afortunadamente, no eres la primera persona en pasar por esta migración, Aquí hay algunos problemas comunes que otros han encontrado y cómo resolverlos.\nHacer clic y escribir es más completo Un patrón común en una prueba de Selenium RC es ver algo como:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Esto se basa en el hecho de que \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simplemente reemplaza el contenido del elemento identificado sin disparar todos los eventos que normalmente serian disparados si un usuario interactúa con la página. Las invocaciones directas finales de \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; hace que los manejadores JS se activen como se esperaba.\nCuando se usa WebDriverBackedSelenium, el resultado de completar el formulario en el campo sería \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: ¡no es lo que esperarías! La razón de esto es que WebDriver emula con mayor precisión el comportamiento del usuario y, por lo tanto, estaría disparando eventos todo el tiempo.\nEste mismo hecho a veces puede provocar que la carga de una página se dispare antes de lo que lo haría en una prueba de Selenium 1. Se puede decir que esto ha sucedido si WebDriver lanza un \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo;.\nWaitForPageToLoad retorna demasiado pronto Descubrir cuándo se completa la carga de una página es un negocio complicado. Acaso nos referimos a \u0026ldquo;cuando se dispara el evento de carga\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cuando todas las solicitudes de AJAX están completas\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cuando no hay tráfico de red\u0026rdquo;,\u0026ldquo;cuando document.readyState ha cambiado\u0026rdquo; o algo completamente diferente?\nWebDriver intenta simular el comportamiento original de Selenium, pero esto no siempre funciona perfectamente por varias razones. La razón más común es que es difícil saber la diferencia entre una carga de página que aún no ha comenzado, y un carga de página completada entre llamadas de métodos. Esto a veces significa que el control se ha retornado a tu prueba antes de que la página finalice (¡o incluso comience!) su carga.\nLa solución a esto es esperar algo específico. Comúnmente, esto podría ser el elemento con el que deseas interactuar, o que alguna variable de Javascript se establezca en un valor específico. Un ejemplo sería:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Donde \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; se implementa como:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Esto puede parecer complejo, pero es casi todo el codigo boiler-plate. Lo único interesante es que la \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; se evaluará repetidamente hasta que el método \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; retorne algo que no sea \u0026ldquo;nulo\u0026rdquo; ni Boolean.FALSE.\nPor supuesto, agregar todas estas llamadas de \u0026ldquo;espera\u0026rdquo; puede saturar tu código. Si ese es el caso, y tus necesidades son simples, considera usar las esperas implícitas:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Al hacer esto, cada vez que se localiza un elemento, si el elemento no está presente, la localización se vuelve a intentar hasta que esté presente o hasta que hayan transcurrido 30 segundos.\nEncontrar Por Xpath O CSS Selectores No Siempre Funciona, Pero Lo Hace en Selenium 1 En Selenium 1, era común que xpath usara una librería incluida en lugar de utilizar las capacidades del navegador en sí. WebDriver siempre usará los métodos nativos del navegador a menos que no haya alternativa. Eso significa que expresiones xpath complejas pueden romperse en algunos navegadores.\nLos selectores CSS en Selenium 1 se implementaron utilizando la librería Sizzle. Esta implementa un superconjunto de la especificación CSS Selector, y no siempre está claro dónde has cruzado la línea. Si estás utilizando WebDriverBackedSelenium y utilizas un localizador Sizzle en lugar de un selector CSS para encontrar elementos, se registrara una advertencia en la consola. Vale la pena tomarse el tiempo para encontrar estas ocurrencias, particularmente si las pruebas fallan por no poder encontrar elementos.\nNo hay Browserbot Selenium RC se basó en Selenium Core, por lo tanto, cuando ejecutó Javascript, pudo acceder a partes de Selenium Core para facilitar las cosas. Como WebDriver no se basa en Selenium Core, esto ya no es posible. ¿Cómo puedes saber si está usando Selenium Core? ¡Sencillo! Solo mira si tus llamadas \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; o similares están usando \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; o \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; en el Javascript evaluado.\nEs posible que esté utilizando el browserbot para obtener un identificador de la ventana actual o el documento de la prueba. Afortunadamente, WebDriver siempre evalúa JS en el contexto de la ventana actual, por lo que puede usar \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; o \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directamente.\nAlternativamente, puedes estar usando el browserbot para localizar elementos. En WebDriver, la forma para hacer esto es localizar primero el elemento, y luego pasarlo como argumento al Javascript. Así:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); resulta en:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Observa cómo la variable \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; pasada aparece como el primer elemento en la matriz de \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; estándar de JS.\nEjecutar Javascript no retorna nada JavascriptExecutor de WebDriver envolverá todo JS y lo evaluará como una expresión anónima. Esto significa que debes usar la tecla \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo;\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); resulta en:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Navegadores de terceros y plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium se puede extender mediante el uso de plugins. Aquí hay una serie de plugins creados y mantenidos por terceros. Para más información sobre cómo crear tu propio plugin o tenerlo en la lista, consulta la documentación.\nTen en cuenta que estos plugins no son compatibles, mantenidos, alojados o avalados por el proyecto Selenium. Además, ten en cuenta que los plugins enumerados a continuación no necesariamente están licenciados bajo la licencia de Apache v.2.0. Algunos de los plugins están disponibles bajo otra licencia de software libre y de código abierto. Otros solo están disponibles bajo una licencia patentada. Cualquier pregunta acerca de los plugins y su licencia de distribución deben plantearse con sus respectivo(s) desarrollador(es).\n   Navegador Más reciente Registro de cambios Seguimiento de Incidentes     Mozilla GeckoDriver más reciente registro de cambios seguimiento de incidentes   Google Chrome Driver más reciente registro de cambios seguimiento de incidentes   Opera más reciente - seguimiento de incidentes   Microsoft Edge Driver más reciente - seguimiento de incidentes   SafariDriver Incorporado - seguimiento de incidentes    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observabilidad","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Requerimientos de los controladores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A través del WebDriver, Selenium es capaz de soportar los navegadores mas usados en el mercado como Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera y Safari. WebDriver maneja los navegadores, cuando es posible, apoyándose en las propias funciones que el navegador incorpora para la automatización.\nLa finalidad del WebDriver es emular las interacciones de los usuarios reales. Esto es posible en diversos niveles en diferentes navegadores. Para mas detalles sobre las diferentes comportamientos de los controladores, ver Comportamientos del controlador.\nAunque todos los controladores comparten una única interfaz orientada al usuario para manejar los navegadores, todos ellos tienen diferentes formas de establecer las sesiones. Ya que muchas de estas implementaciones son realizadas por terceras personas y no están incluidas en la distribución estándar de Selenium.\nLa instanciación del controlador, el tratamiento de perfiles y algunos ajustes específicos de cada navegador son ejemplos de parámetros que tienen diferentes requisitos dependiendo del navegador.\nEsta sección explica los requisitos básicos para comenzar a trabajar con diferentes navegadores.\nAñadiendo los ejecutables al PATH del sistema La gran mayoría de controladores necesitan de un ejecutable extra para que Selenium pueda comunicarse con el navegador. Puedes especificar manualmente donde esta ubicado el ejecutable antes lanzar el WebDriver, pero esto hará que tus tests sean menos portables, ya que los ejecutables necesitan estar en el mismo lugar en todas las maquinas, o que este incluido en el repositorio.\nAñadir una carpeta que contenga los binarios del WebDriver a tu sistema, permitirá a Selenium localizar los binarios necesarios adicionales sin la necesidad de tener que incluir en el código de los tests la ruta exacta.\n Crea un directorio para almacenar los ejecutables en el, como C:\\WebDriver\\bin o /opt/WebDriver/bin Añade el directorio al PATH del sistema:  En Windows - Abre una terminal de comando como administrador y ejecuta el siguiente comando para añadir permanentemente el directorio a tu PATH para todos los usuarios de tu maquina:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  En macOS y Linux ejecutar el siguiente comando en una terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Ahora puedes probar los cambios. Para ello cierra todas las terminales de comando y abre una nueva Escribe el nombre de uno de los binarios que has añadido en la carpeta en el paso previo. p. ej.:\nchromedriver   Si tu PATH ha sido configurado correctamente, verás una salida relacionada con la puesta en marcha del controlador:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Puedes recuperar el control de la consola de comandos pulsando Ctrl + C\nReferencia Rápida    Navegador SO Soportados Mantenido por Descargas Issues     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Descargas Incidentes   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Descargas Incidentes   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Descargas Incidentes   Internet Explorer Windows Proyecto de Selenium Descargas Incidentes   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Integrado Incidentes   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Descargas Incidentes    Chromium/Chrome Para controlar Chrome o Chromium, tienes que descargar chromedriver y almacenarlo en una carpeta que esté en el PATH del sistema.\nEn Linux y en macOS esto significa que tienes que modificar la variable de entorno PATH.\nPuedes ver que directorios están incluidos en esta variable, los directorios se separan mediante dos puntos.\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Para incluir el chromedriver en el PATH si no lo estuviera, hay que asegurarse que incluimos la ruta donde se almacena el binario del chromedriver. Recuerda que puedes fijar la ruta al ejecutable del chromedriver usando la siguiente linea, esto te permitirá añadir el contenido actual del PATH mas una ruta adicional después de los dos puntos:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Cuando el chromedriver este en el PATH este podrá ser ejecutado desde cualquier directorio. Para instanciar una sesión de Chrome/Chromium puedes hacer lo siguiente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Recuerda que tienes que fijar la ruta al ejecutable del chromedriver. Lo puedes hacer de la siguiente forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     El chromedriver esta implementado como un servidor remoto el cual expone la interfaz del proxy para la automatización de chrome, enseñando asi al navegador que hacer.\nFirefox Con la salida de Selenium 3, Mozilla se ha encargado de la implementación del controlador de Firefox, a través del geckodriver. Este nuevo controlador se llama geckodriver y funciona a partir de la versión 48 de Firefox. Como este controlador sigue en desarrollo, cuanto mas nueva sea la versión de Firefox mas respaldo tendrá por parte de Mozilla.\nComo geckodriver es la nueva forma por defecto de lanzar Firefox, puedes instanciar Firefox de la misma forma en Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Si no quisieras fijar la ruta del geckodriver en el PATH, puedes fijar la ruta del ejecutable como propiedad del sistema:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     En ciertos lenguajes de programación también es posible fijar la propiedad en tiempo de ejecución:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Actualmente también es posible revertir al controlador antiguo de Firefox, el cual es un controlador mas completo, instalando la versión 47.0.1 o 45 ESR y especificando la capacidad deseada del controlador marionette como false. Las ultimas versiones de Firefox ya no son compatibles con este controlador.\nEdge Edge es el navegador mas nuevo de Microsoft, incluido en Windows 10 y Microsoft Server 2016. Las actualizaciones de Edge están incluidas en las actualizaciones principales de Windows, es por eso que necesitaras descargar el binario que coincida con la versión que tengas en ese momento instalada de Windows. La web de desarrolladores de Edge contiene los enlaces a todos los binarios disponibles.\nLos bugs de la implementación del EdgeDriver se pueden encontrar en Microsoft.\nSi deseas lanzar los tests contra Edge pero tu sistema operativo no es Windows 10, Microsoft ofrece maquinas virtuales en la web de desarrolladores de Edge.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Como gestor de contexto: from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Si el controlador de Edge no esta presente en el PATH, puedes añadirlo con el siguiente comando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer era el navegador por defecto hasta la salida de Windows 10, aunque todavía esta incluido en Windows 10. El controlador de Internet Explorer es el único que Selenium tiene como objetivo admitir las mismas versiones que Microsoft considera como actuales. Las versiones anteriores pueden funcionar pero no serán mantenidas.\nA pesar de que Selenium proporciona los binarios para las versiones de 32 y 64 bits de Internet Explorer existen algunas limitaciones respecto a las versiones 10 y 11 para el controlador de 64-bits, en cambio el controlador de 32-bits funciona correctamente. Hay que tener en cuenta que las preferencias de Internet Explorer se guardan en la cuenta del usuario conectado, ademas es necesario realizar configuraciones adicionales\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Si el controlador de Internet Explorer no esta presente en el PATH, puedes añadirlo usando la siguiente linea:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft tambien ofrece un binario para Internet Explorer 11 en Windows 7 y 8.1. El cual no ha sido actualizado desde 2014 y está basado en una versión preeliminar de la especificación del W3C. Jim Evans hizo un informe excelente sobre la implementación del controlador.\nOpera Las versiones actuales de Opera están construidas con el motor de Chromium, y WebDriver ahora es soportado a través del controlador de código propietario de Opera el cual puede ser añadido al PATH o configurado como propiedad del sistema.\nInstanciar una sesión del controlador es similar a como se hace el Firefox y Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari Para las versiones High Sierra y superiores:\n Al Lanzar el siguiente comando desde la terminal por primera vez se debe escribir la contraseña para autorizar al WebDriver  safaridriver --enable Para El Capitan y Sierra:\n Activar el menú desarrollador desde las preferencias de Safari Seleccionar la opción Permitir automatización desde el menú del desarrollador Ejecutar el siguiente comando desde la terminal y escribir la contraseña para autorizar al WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Una vez realizar podrás comenzar una sesión usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Aquellos que busquen automatizar Safari en iOS deberían echarle un vistazo al proyecto de Appium Aunque antes Safari estuviera disponible en Windows, Apple hace tiempo que dejo de mantenerlo, convirtiendo así a Windows en una pobre elección para la automatización de pruebas sobre Safari\nNavegadores simulados HtmlUnit HtmlUnit es un navegador sin interfaz grafica para programas basados en Java. Modela documentos HTML y proporciona un API que permite invocar las paginas, rellanar formularios, hacer clic en enlaces, etc. Soporta JavaScript y es capaz de funcionar con librerías AJAX, simulando Chrome, Firefox o Internet Explorer dependiendo de la configuración usada. Se ha migrado a una nueva web. El código fuente es mantenido con de snv.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is un navegador sin interfaz grafica basado en Webkit, aunque la versión en la que se basa es mucho mas antigua que las usadas por Chrome o Safari. A pesar de que históricamente ha sido una elección popular actualmente no es una elección muy sabia. Ya que el proyecto esta sin soporte desde el 5 de gosto, cuando Google anunció que Chrome tendría la capacidad de ser un navegador sin interfaz grafica, algo que también ha ofrecido Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Sobre automatización de pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primero, pregúntate si realmente necesitas o no usar un navegador. Lo más probable es que, en algún momento, si estás trabajando en una aplicación web compleja, necesitarás abrir un navegador y realmente probarlo.\nSin embargo, las pruebas funcionales de usuario final, como las pruebas de Selenium son caras de ejecutar. Además, normalmente requieren que una infraestructura considerable este disponible para estas ejecutarse de manera efectiva. Es una buena regla preguntarse siempre si lo que se quiere probar se puede hacer usando enfoques de prueba más livianos como las pruebas unitarias o con un enfoque de bajo nivel.\nUna vez que hayas tomado la determinación de que estás en el negocio de hacer pruebas en el navegador, y que tengas tu ambiente de Selenium listo para empezar a escribir pruebas, generalmente realizaras alguna combinación de estos tres pasos:\n Preparar los datos Realizar un conjunto discreto de acciones Evaluar los resultados  Querrás mantener estos pasos tan cortos como sea posible; una o dos operaciones deberían ser suficientes la mayor parte del tiempo. La automatización del navegador tiene la reputación de ser \u0026ldquo;frágil\u0026rdquo;, pero en realidad, esto se debe a que los usuarios suelen exigirle demasiado. En capítulos posteriores, volveremos a las técnicas que puedes utilizar para mitigar problemas aparentemente intermitentes en las pruebas, en particular como superar race conditions entre el navegador y WebDriver.\nManteniendo tus pruebas cortas y usando el navegador web solo cuando no tienes absolutamente ninguna alternativa, Puedes tener muchas pruebas con fragilidades muy mínimas.\nUna clara ventaja de las pruebas de Selenium es su capacidad inherente para probar todos los componentes de la aplicación, desde el backend hasta el frontend, desde la perspectiva del usuario. En otras palabras, aunque las pruebas funcionales pueden ser caras de ejecutar, también abarcan a la vez grandes porciones críticas para el negocio.\nRequisitos de pruebas Como se mencionó anteriormente, las pruebas de Selenium pueden ser costosas de ejecutar. Hasta qué punto, dependerá del navegador en el que estás ejecutando las pruebas, pero históricamente el comportamiento de los navegadores ha variado tanto que a menudo ha sido un objetivo claro realizar pruebas cruzadas contra múltiples navegadores.\nSelenium te permite ejecutar las mismas instrucciones en múltiples navegadores en múltiples sistemas operativos, pero la enumeración de todos los navegadores posibles, sus diferentes versiones y los muchos sistemas operativos en los que se ejecutan se convertirá rápidamente en una misión no trivial.\nIniciemos con un ejemplo Larry ha escrito un sitio web que le permite a los usuarios ordenar unicornios personalizados.\nEl flujo de trabajo principal (que llamaremos el \u0026ldquo;camino feliz\u0026rdquo;) es algo como esto:\n Crea una cuenta Configura el unicornio Agrégalo al carrito de compras Envialo a caja y realiza el pago Dar feedback sobre el unicornio  Sería tentador escribir un gran script de Selenium para realizar todas estas operaciones, muchos lo intentarán. ¡Resiste la tentación! Hacerlo dará como resultado una prueba que a) toma mucho tiempo, b) estará sujeta a algunos problemas comunes relacionados con los problemas de tiempo de representación de la página, y c) es tal que si falla, no te dará un método conciso y \u0026ldquo;fácil de ver\u0026rdquo; para diagnosticar lo que salió mal.\nLa estrategia preferida para probar este escenario sería dividirlo en una serie de pruebas rápidas e independientes, cada una de las cuales tenga una \u0026ldquo;razón\u0026rdquo; para existir.\nSupongamos que deseas probar el segundo paso: Configurando tu unicornio. Realizará las siguientes acciones:\n Crea una cuenta Configura el unicornio  Ten en cuenta que nos estamos saltando el resto de los pasos, probaremos el resto del flujo en otros casos de prueba pequeños y discretos, después de que hayamos terminado con este.\nPara comenzar, debes crear una cuenta. Aquí tienes que tomar algunas decisiones:\n ¿Quieres usar una cuenta existente? ¿Quieres crear una nueva cuenta? ¿Hay alguna propiedad especial de dicho usuario que deba ser tomado en cuenta antes de que comience la configuración?  Independientemente de cómo respondas esta pregunta, la solución es hacer que forme parte del paso de \u0026ldquo;preparar los datos\u0026rdquo; de la prueba. Si Larry ha expuesto una API que te permite a ti (o cualquier persona) crear y actualizar cuentas de usuario, asegúrate de usar eso para responder esta pregunta. Si es posible, debes iniciar el navegador solo después de tener un usuario \u0026ldquo;en la mano\u0026rdquo;, cuyas credenciales pueden iniciar sesión.\nSi cada prueba para cada flujo de trabajo comienza con la creación de una cuenta de usuario, se agregarán muchos segundos a la ejecución de cada prueba. Llamar a una API y hablar con una base de datos son operaciones \u0026ldquo;sin cabeza\u0026rdquo; rápidas, que no requieren el costoso proceso de abrir un navegador, navegar a las páginas correctas, hacer clic y esperar que se envíen los formularios, etc.\nIdealmente, puedes abordar esta fase de configuración en una sola línea de código, que se ejecutará antes de que se inicie cualquier navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, # pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen # privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico # la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas # conocerlos. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #Este método se define en otro lugar. # Inicia sesión como este usuario. # Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que # el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite # realizar acciones de AccountPage account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, # pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen # privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico # la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas # conocerlos. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #Este método se define en otro lugar. # Inicia sesión como este usuario. # Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que # el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite # realizar acciones de AccountPage account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Como puedes imaginar, la UserFactory puede ampliarse para proporcionar métodos como createAdminUser() y createUserWithPayment(). El punto es, que estas dos líneas de código no te distraigan del propósito final de esta prueba: configurar un unicornio.\nLas complejidades del Modelo Page Object serán discutidas en capítulos posteriores, pero introduciremos el concepto aquí:\nTus pruebas deben estar compuestas de acciones, realizadas desde el punto de vista del usuario, dentro del contexto de las páginas en el sitio web. Estas páginas se almacenan como objetos, que contendrán información específica sobre cómo está compuesta la página web y cómo se realizan las acciones– muy poco de lo que cual debería preocuparte como probador.\n¿Qué tipo de unicornio quieres? Es posible que desees rosa, pero no necesariamente. El morado es muy popular últimamente. ¿Ella necesita gafas de sol? ¿Tatuajes de estrellas? Estas elecciones, aunque difíciles, son tu principal preocupación como probador: debes asegurarte de que tu centro de distribución de pedidos envíe el unicornio correcto a la persona correcta, y eso comienza con estas elecciones.\nObserva que en ninguna parte de este párrafo hablamos de botones, campos, menús desplegables, botones de opción o formularios web. ¡Tampoco deberían tus pruebas! Debes escribir tu código como el usuario que intenta resolver su problema. Aquí hay una forma de hacerlo (continuando con el ejemplo anterior):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. # Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa # con el navegador de ninguna manera. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al # lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; # nos llevará allí. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a # su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles # completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. # Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa # con el navegador de ninguna manera. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, Unicor sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al # lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; # nos llevará allí. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a # su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles # completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar.. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí.. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Ahora que has configurado tu unicornio, debes avanzar al paso 3: asegurarte de que realmente funcionó.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto # Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar # con los campos en la página. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;);   # El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto # Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar # con los campos en la página. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#39;   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;);   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Ten en cuenta que el probador aún no ha hecho nada más que hablar de unicornios en este código\u0026ndash; nada de botones, nada de localizadores, nada de controles del navegador. Este método de modelar la aplicación te permite mantener estos comandos de nivel-de-prueba en su lugar y sin cambios, incluso si Larry decide la próxima semana que ya no le gusta Ruby-on-Rails y decide volver a implementar todo el sitio en las últimas librerías de enlace de Haskell con un front-end de Fortran.\nLos objetos de tu página requerirán un pequeño mantenimiento para poder cumplir con el rediseño del sitio, pero estas pruebas seguirán siendo iguales. Tomando este diseño básico, querrás continuar con tus flujos de trabajo con la menor cantidad posible de pasos orientados al navegador. Tu próximo flujo de trabajo implicará agregar un unicornio al carrito de compras. Probablemente querrás muchas iteraciones de esta prueba para asegurarte de que el carrito mantiene su estado correctamente: ¿Hay más de un unicornio en el carrito antes de comenzar? ¿Cuántos pueden caber en el carrito de compras? Si crea más de uno con el mismo nombre y/o características, ¿se romperá? ¿Conservará solo el existente o agregará otro?\nCada vez que te mueves por el flujo de trabajo, deseas evitar tener que crear una cuenta, iniciar sesión como usuario y configurar el unicornio. Idealmente, podrás crear una cuenta y preconfigurar un unicornio a través de la API o de la base de datos. Luego, todo lo que tienes que hacer es iniciar sesión como usuario, ubicar Sparkles, y agrégarla al carrito.\n¿Automatizar o no automatizar? Es la automatización siempre ventajosa? Cuando uno debería decidir automatizar casos de prueba?\nNo siempre es ventajoso automatizar casos de prueba. Hay veces que las pruebas manuales pueden ser mas apropiadas. Por ejemplo, si la interface de usuario de la aplicación va a cambiar considerablemente en el futuro, entonces no habria que reescribir ninguna automatizacion. Tambien, algunas veces simplemente no hay tiempo suficiente para construir la automatización de las pruebas. A corto plazo, las pruebas manuales pueden ser mas efectivas. Si una aplicación tiene una fecha limite muy ajustada, actualmente no hay ningún tipo de automatización de pruebas, y es imperativo que las pruebas se realicen dentro de la fecha limite, entonces las pruebas es la mejor solución.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Trabajando con colores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"En algunas ocasiones es posible que sea necesario querer validar el color de algo como parte de tus tests; el problema es que las definiciones de color en la web no son constantes. ¿No estaría bien que existiese una forma sencilla de comparar una representación de color HEX con una representación de color RGB, o una representación de color RGBA con una representación de color HSLA?\nNo te preocupes. Hay una solución para esto, la clase Color\nLo primero de todo, necesitaras importar la clase:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Ahora puedes empezar a crear objetos de la clase Color. Cada objeto necesita ser creado a partir de la representación de una cadena de texto de tu color.\nLas representaciones de colores soportadas son:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     La clase Color también soporta todas las definiciones base de colores especificadas en http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     En muchas ocasiones los navegadores devolverán un valor de color de transparente si no se ha establecido color en el elemento. La clase Color también soporta esto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Ahora puedes consultar de forma segura un elemento para obtener su color/color de fondo sabiendo que cualquier respuesta sera correctamente parseada y convertida en un objeto Color valido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Puedes comparar objetos de Color directamente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     También puedes convertir un color en uno de los siguientes formatos y después realizar una validación estática:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Con todo esto los colores ya no serán un problema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"WebDriver remoto - cliente","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para ejecutar un cliente de WebDriver remoto, primero debemos conectarnos a RemoteWebDriver. Hacemos esto apuntando la URL a la dirección del servidor que ejecuta nuestras pruebas. Para personalizar nuestra configuración, establecemos las capabilities deseadas. A continuación se muestra un ejemplo de la, instanciación de un objeto WebDriver remoto apuntando a nuestro servidor web remoto, www.example.com, ejecutando nuestras pruebas en Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Para personalizar aún más nuestra configuración de prueba, podemos agregar otras capabilities deseadas.\nOpciones del navegador Por ejemplo, supón que deseas ejecutar Chrome en Windows XP, usando Chrome versión 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detector de archivos local El Local File Detector permite la transferencia de archivos desde la máquina del cliente al servidor remoto. Por ejemplo, si una prueba necesita cargar un archivo a una aplicación web, un WebDriver remoto puede transferir automáticamente el archivo de la máquina local al servidor web remoto durante tiempo de ejecución. Esto permite que el archivo se cargue desde la máquina remota ejecutando la prueba. No está habilitado de forma predeterminada y puede habilitarse en de la siguiente manera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Una vez que se definido el código anterior, puedes cargar un archivo en tu prueba de la siguiente manera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configurar componentest","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Códigos de respuesta HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para algunas configuraciones de navegadores en Selenium RC, Selenium actuaba como proxy entre el navegador y el sitio web que iba a ser automatizado. Esto significaba que todo el trafico que pasaba a través de Selenium podía ser capturado o manipulado. El método captureNetworkTraffic() pretendía capturar todo el trafico de red entre el navegador y el sitio que estaba siendo automatizado, incluyendo los códigos de respuestas HTTP.\nEl WebDriver de Selenium parte de una aproximación completamente diferente respecto a la automatización de los navegadores, prefiriendo así actuar mas como un usuario y esto se representa en la forma en la que escribes los tests con el WebDriver. Para los tests funcionales automatizados comprobar el código de respuesta no es un detalle particularmente importante en un test fallido, los pasos que se han realizado lo son mucho mas.\nEl navegador siempre representará el código de estado de respuesta HTTP, imagina por ejemplo una pagina de error para los códigos 404 o 500. Un forma simple de hacer fallar el test cuando encuentras una de estas paginas de error es validar los títulos de las paginas o algún contenido de confianza (ej. la etiqueta \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) después de que se haya cargado cada pagina. Si estas usando un modelo basado en el patrón page object puedes incluir esta validación en el constructor de la clase o en puntos similares donde se espere la carga de una pagina. En algunas ocasiones el código de respuesta HTTP puede llegar a ser representado en la pagina de error en el navegador e incluso podrías usar el WebDriver para leerlo y facilitar la depuración en tus tests.\nComprobar la pagina web es la linea de trabajo ideal del WebDriver representando y validando así la vista de los usuarios de los sitios web.\nSi aun así necesitases una forma de capturar los códigos de respuesta HTTP una forma avanzada es replicar el comportamiento de Selenium RC usando un proxy. El API del WebDriver provee la habilidad de configurar un proxy para un navegador, existen una gran cantidad de proxies que te permiten programaticamente manipular los contenidos de las peticiones enviadas y recibidas desde los servidores web. Usar un proxy te permite decidir como actuar frente a redirecciones. Ademas, no todos los navegadores hacen que los códigos de respuesta estén disponibles para el WebDriver, es por eso que optar por un proxy te permitirá disponer de una solución común para todos los navegadores.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generar el estado de la aplicación","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no debe usarse para preparar un caso de prueba. Todas las acciones repetitivas y los preparativos para un caso de prueba deben realizarse a través de otros métodos. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de las IU web tienen autenticación (por ejemplo, un formulario de inicio de sesión). Eliminar el inicio de sesión a través del navegador web antes de cada prueba mejora tanto la velocidad como la estabilidad de la prueba. Un método debe ser creado para obtener acceso al AUT* (por ejemplo, usando una API para iniciar sesión y establecer un cookie). Además, crear métodos para precargar datos para las pruebas no deben realizarse con Selenium. Como se mencionó previamente, las API existentes se deben aprovechar para crear datos para el AUT*.\n*AUT: Application Under Test (aplicación bajo prueba)\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid es un servidor inteligente que efectúa de proxy que permite a los tests de Selenium enrutar sus comandos hacia instancias remotas de navegadores web. La intención de esto es proporcionar una forma sencilla de ejecutar los tests en paralelo en múltiple maquinas.\nCon Selenium Grid un servidor actúa como el centro de actividad (hub) encargado de enrutar los comandos de los tests en formato JSON hacia uno o mas nodos registrados en el Grid. Los tests contactan con el hub para obtener acceso a las instancias remotas de los navegadores.\nSelenium Grid te permite ejecutar los tests en paralelo en múltiples maquinas y también te permite gestionar diferentes versiones de navegadores y diferentes configuraciones de navegadores de manera centralizada (en lugar de hacerlo de manera individual en cada test)\nSelenium Grid no es una solución mágica para todos tus problemas. Permite resolver un subconjunto de problemas comunes de delegación y distribución, pero, por ejemplo, no administrará su infraestructura y podría no satisfacer sus necesidades personales.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner te permite ejecutar Test Suites desde una línea de comando. Las suites de prueba son exportaciones HTML de Selenium IDE o herramientas de compatibles.\nInformación común  Combinaciónes de versiones de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner importan. Puede haber una matriz de compatibilidad de software en alguna parte. selenium-html-runner solo ejecuta Test Suites (no Test Cases - por ejemplo, una exportación desde Monitis Transaction Monitor). Asegurate que cumples con esto. Para usuarios de Linux sin INTERFAZ: debes iniciar html-runner con pantalla virtual (buscar xvfb)  Ejemplo en un ambiente Linux Instala / descarga los siguientes paquetes de software:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Ejemplo de Test Suite:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Como ejecutar headless (sin interfaz visual) selenium-html-runner Ahora, la parte más importante, un ejemplo de cómo ejecutar el selenium-html-runner! Tu experiencia puede variar según combinaciones de las versiones del software - geckodriver / FF / html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/","title":"Instalación de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Instalación de Selenium La configuración de Selenium es bastante diferente de la configuración de otras herramientas comerciales. Para usar Selenium en tu proyecto de automatización, necesitas instalar las librerías de enlace de tu lenguaje de preferencia. Además necesitarás los binarios de WebDriver para los navegadores en los que deseas automatizar y ejecutar pruebas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Instalación del servidor Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Si planeas usar Grid debes descargar el fichero selenium-server-standalone JAR. Todos los componentes están disponibles a través de selenium-server. El standalone JAR contiene todo, incluso el servidor remoto de Selenium y los enlaces del lado del cliente. Ésto quiere decir que si usas el selenium-server-standalone jar en tu proyecto, no tienes que añadir selenium-java o un jar de navegador específico.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localizando elementos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localizando un elemento Una de las técnicas más fundamentales para aprender al usar WebDriver es cómo encontrar elementos en la página. WebDriver ofrece varios tipos de selectores integrados, entre ellos encontrar un elemento por su atributo ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Como se ve en el ejemplo, localizar elementos en WebDriver se realiza en la instancia del objeto WebDriver. El método findElement(By) devuelve otro tipo de objeto fundamental, el WebElement.\n WebDriver representa el navegador WebElement representa un nodo particular del DOM (un control, por ejemplo un enlace o campo de entrada, etc.)  Una vez que tengas una referencia a un elemento web que se ha \u0026ldquo;encontrado\u0026rdquo;, puedes reducir el alcance de tu búsqueda utilizando la misma llamada en la instancia de ese objeto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Puedes hacer esto porque los tipos WebDriver y WebElement implementan la interfaz SearchContext. En WebDriver, esto se conoce como interfaz basada en roles. Las interfaces basadas en roles te permiten determinar si la implementación del controlador admite una característica dada. Estas interfaces están claramente definidas y tratan de cumplir con tener un solo rol de responsabilidad. Puede leer más sobre el diseño de WebDriver y qué roles son compatibles con qué controladores en Otra sección.\nEn consecuencia, la interfaz By utilizada anteriormente también permite una serie de estrategias adicionales de localización. Una búsqueda anidada podría no ser la estrategia mas efectiva para localizar cheese ya que requiere dos comandos que se emitirán al navegador; primero buscando en el DOM un elemento con ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo;, luego una búsqueda de \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; en un contexto reducido.\nPara mejorar ligeramente el rendimiento, deberíamos intentar utilizar un localizador más específico: WebDriver permite buscar elementos por localizadores CSS, lo que nos permite combinar los dos localizadores anteriores en una sola búsqueda:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localizando múltiples elementos Es posible que el documento con el que estamos trabajando contenga una lista ordenada del queso que más nos gusta:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Dado que más queso es indiscutiblemente mejor, y sería engorroso tener que recuperar cada uno de los elementos individualmente, una técnica superior para recuperar cheese es hacer uso de la versión pluralizada findElements(By). Este método devuelve una colección de elementos web. Si solo se encuentra un elemento, aún devolverá una colección (de un elemento). Si ningún elemento coincide con el localizador, se devolverá la lista vacía. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))    \nEstrategias de localización de elementos Hay ocho estrategias diferentes de ubicación de elementos integradas en WebDriver:\n   Localizador Descripción     class name Localiza elementos en el que el nombre de su clase contiene el valor de la búsqueda (no se permiten nombres de clase compuestos)   css selector Localiza elementos que coinciden con un selector CSS   id Localiza elementos cuyo atributo ID coincide con el valor de la búsqueda   name Localiza elementos cuyo atributo NAME coincide con el valor de la búsqueda   link text Localiza elementos de anclaje cuyo texto visible coincide con el valor de búsqueda   partial link text Localiza elementos de anclaje cuyo texto visible coincide con el valor de búsqueda. Si varios elementos coinciden, solo se seleccionará el primero.   tag name Localiza elementos cuyo nombre de etiqueta (tagName) coincide con el valor de búsqueda   xpath Localiza elementos que coinciden con una expresión XPath    Consejos sobre el uso de selectores En general, si los ID del HTML están disponibles, son únicos y consistentemente predecibles, son el método preferido para ubicar un elemento en una página. Tienden a trabajar muy rápido y renuncian al mucho procesamiento que viene con recorridos DOM complicados.\nSi las ID únicas no están disponibles, un selector CSS bien escrito es el método preferido para localizar un elemento. XPath funciona tan bien como los selectores CSS, pero la sintaxis es complicada y con frecuencia difícil de depurar. Aunque los selectores XPath son muy flexibles, generalmente su desempeño no es probado por lo proveedores de navegadores y tienden a ser bastante lentos.\nLas estrategias de selección basadas en enlaces de texto y enlaces de texto parciales tienen el inconveniente en que solo funcionan en elementos de enlace. Además, internamente en WebDriver llaman a los selectores XPath.\nEl nombre de la etiqueta puede ser una forma peligrosa de localizar elementos. Existen frecuentemente múltiples elementos con la misma etiqueta presentes en la página. Esto es mayormente útil cuando se llama al método findElements(By) que devuelve una colección de elementos.\nLa recomendación es mantener tus localizadores tan compactos y legibles como sea posible. Pedirle a WebDriver que atraviese la estructura del DOM es una operación costosa, y cuanto más se pueda reducir el alcance de tu búsqueda, mejor.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulación de Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby no esta instalado por defecto en Windows. Puedes descargar la ultima versión y ejecutar el instalador. Puedes dejar todos los parámetros de configuración con los valores por defecto excepto el parámetro Add Ruby executables to your PATH de la pantalla de Installation Destination and Optional Tasks. Para manejar cualquier navegador tienes que instalar la gema de Ruby selenium-webdriver. Para instalarla abre una consola de comando y ejecuta el siguiente comando.\ngem install selenium-webdriver O si usas Bundler añade esta linea al Gemfile de tu aplicación:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; Y después ejecuta el siguiente comando en el terminal:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer viene instalado por defecto en Windows, por lo que no es necesario realizar ninguna instalación. Para manejar Internet Explorer en Windows tienes que descargar la ultima versión del driver de Internet Explorer y añadirlo a un directorio que este incluido en el PATH del sistema. Para saber que directorios están incluidos en el PATH escribe el comando echo %PATH% en el terminal.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem Por ejemplo el directorio C:\\Ruby200\\bin parece un buen lugar. Descomprime el archivo IEDriverServer y mueve el ejecutable IEDriverServer.exe a esta carpeta.\nLas lineas que se muestran a continuación deberían abrir una nueva ventana de Internet Explorer.\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Manejo de los navegadores web Navegar hacia La primera cosa que querrás hacer después de levantar un navegador es abrir una pagina web. Esto se puede lograr en una sola linea:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Forma adecuada driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Forma extensa driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   //Forma adecuada driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; //Forma extensa driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Forma adecuada driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Forma extensa driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Obtener la URL actual Puedes leer la URL actual desde la barra de direcciones del navegador usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Retroceder Presionando el botón de retroceder del navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Avanzar Presionando el botón de avanzar del navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Actualizar Recargando la pagina actual:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Obtener el título Puedes leer el título de la pagina actual desde el navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Ventanas y pestañas Obtener el controlador de ventanas El WebDriver no hace distinción entre ventanas y pestañas. Si tu sitio web abre una nueva pestaña o ventana, Selenium te permitirá trabajar con ella usando un controlador de ventanas. Cada ventana tiene un identificador único el cual persiste en una sola sesión. Puedes obtener el controlador de la ventana de la ventana actual usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Cambiar entre ventanas o pestañas Haciendo clic en un enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana cambiará el foco a la nueva ventana o pestaña en la pantalla, pero el WebDriver no sabrá que ventana el sistema operativo considera activa. Para trabajar con la nueva ventana necesitaras cambiar a ella. Si solo tienes dos ventanas o pestañas abiertas y sabes en cual empezaste, por proceso de eliminación, puede recorrer las ventanas o pestañas que ve el WebDriver y cambiar a una de ellas que no sea la original.\nSin embargo Selenium 4 proporciona una nueva API NewWindow  la cual crea una nueva pestaña o ventana y automáticamente cambia a ella.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Almacena el ID de la ventana original String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Instancia el driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Abre la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Configura una espera para despues wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Almacena el ID de la ventana original original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Espera a que la nueva ventana carge su contenido wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Almacena el ID de la ventana original original_window = driver.window_handle #Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Espera a que la nueva ventana carge su contenido wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Crea una nueva ventana o pestaña y cambia a ella Crea una nueva ventana o pestaña y cambia el foco de la pantalla a la nueva ventana o pestaña. No necesitas cambiar el controlador para poder trabajar sobre la nueva ventana o pestaña. Si tienes mas de dos ventanas o pestañas abiertas diferentes de la nueva puedes recorrerlas y cambiar a la que no sea la original.\nNota: Esta funcionalidad es específica de Selenium 4 y versiones posteriores. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Nota: El API new_window en Ruby solo abre una nueva pestaña o ventana pero no # cambiará el controlador automáticamente, el usuario tiene forzar el cambio a # la nueva pestaña o ventana # Abre una nueva pestaña driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Abre una nueva ventana driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)    \nCerrando una ventana o pestaña Cuando hayas acabado con una ventana o una pestaña y no sea la única ventana o pestaña abierta en el navegador, debes cerrarla y cambiar el controlador de vuelta a la ventana o pestaña que usabas con anterioridad. Asumiendo que has seguido los ejemplos de código de la sección anterior dispondrás de una ventana almacenada en una variable. Si le añades el siguiente código obtendrás un ejemplo:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close() #Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.Close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close #Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña await driver.close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close() //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Si te olvidas de cambiar el controlador de vuelta a otra ventana después de cerrarla dejará al WebDriver ejecutando una ventana o pestaña cerrada, esto devolverá la excepción No Such Window Exception. Debes de cambiar el controlador de vuelta a una ventana o pestaña valida para continuar la ejecución.\nSaliendo del navegador al final de una sesión Cuando hayas acabado una sesión del navegador debes llamar al método salir en lugar de cerrar:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Salir hará:  Cerrará todas las ventanas y pestañas asociadas a esa sesión del WebDriver. Cerrará el proceso de navegador. Cerrará el proceso en segundo plano del driver. Notificará al Grid de Selenium que el navegador ya no esta en uso y que puede ser usado por otra sesión del Grid de Selenium.    Un fallo en la llamada del método salir dejará procesos corriendo en segundo plano y puertos abiertos en tu maquina lo que podría llevar a problemas en un futuro.\nAlgunos frameworks de pruebas ofrecen métodos y anotaciones a las cuales puedes llamar para salir de una sesión al finalizar las pruebas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Ejemplo usando JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # Ejemplo usando unittest # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Ejemplo usando UnitTesting de Visual Studio https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # Ejemplo usando UnitTest # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Ejemplo usando Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Ejemplo usando JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     Si no estas ejecutando el WebDriver en un contexto que no es de tests, puedes considerar el usar try / finally los cuales son soportadas por la gran mayoría de lenguajes de programacion de esta manera cuando aparezca una excepción la sesión del WebDriver saldrá correctamente.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #Código del WebDriver aquí... finally: driver.quit()   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #Código del WebDriver aquí... ensure driver.quit end   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.quit() }     El WebDriver de Python ahora es soportado como gestor de contexto, lo que permite ser usado con la palabra clave with para que automáticamente se cierre al final de la ejecución.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Codigo del WebDriver aqui... # El WebDriver saldrá automaticamente despues de la indentacion Frames e Iframes El uso de frames esta desaprobado, estos se basaban en construir sitios desde múltiples documentos en el mismo dominio. Es poco probable que trabajes con esto a menos que estés desarrollando una aplicación web previa a la versión de HTML5. Los iframes te permiten la inserción de un documento desde un dominio diferente y aun son usados de manera común.\nSi necesitas trabajar con iframes o frames, el WebDriver te permite hacerlo de la misma forma. Considera un iframe que contiene un botón. Si inspeccionamos el elemento usando las herramientas de desarrollo del navegador podríamos ver lo siguiente:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; Si no fuera por el iframe haríamos clic en el botón de una forma como esta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Esto no funcionará driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Esto no funcionará driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Esto no funcionará driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Esto no funcionará driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Esto no funcionará await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Esto no funcionará driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Sin embargo, como no existirían botones fuera del iframe obtendríamos una excepción del tipo no such element. Esto ocurriría por que Selenium solo esta al tanto de los elementos en los niveles superiores del documento. Para interactuar con el botón primero necesitaremos cambiar el foco al iframe, de una forma similar a lo que ocurría con las ventanas y pestañas. El WebDriver ofrece tres formas de cambiar el foco a un iframe.\nUsando un WebElement Cambiar usando un WebElement es la forma mas flexible de todas. Puedes encontrar el iframe usando tu selector preferido y después cambiar el foco a el.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Almacena el elemento web WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Almacena el elemento web iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Almacena el elemento web IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Almacena el elemento web iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Almacena el elemento web const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Cambia el foco al iframe await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Almacena el elemento web val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando el nombre o el ID Si tu iframe o frame dispone de un atributo id o un nombre estos pueden ser usados para ello. Si los nombres o el id no fuesen únicos en la pagina este método cambiará el foco al primer iframe o frame que encuentre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Usando el ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //O usando el atributo nombre driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Usando el ID driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Usando el ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //O usando el atributo nombre driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Usando el ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   //Usando el ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // O usando el atributo nombre await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Usando el ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //O usando el atributo nombre driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Por indice También es posible usar el indice del iframe para cambiar el foco a el, los indices pueden ser consultados utilizando la query de JavaScript window.frames.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # Cambia el foco al segundo frame iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # Cambia el foco al iframe seleccionado driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   //Cambia el foco al segundo frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Saliendo de un frame Para salir de un iframe o un frame y volver el foco al contenido original:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switch_to.default_content   // Vuelve al nivel superior await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Manejo de las ventanas La resolución de las pantallas puede impactar en como tu aplicación se renderiza es por eso que el WebDriver provee de mecanismos para mover y cambiar el tamaño de la ventana del navegador.\nObtener el tamaño de la ventana Obtiene el tamaño de la ventana del navegador en pixeles.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Fija el tamaño de la ventana Recupera la ventana y fija el tamaño de esta. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nObten la posicion de la ventana Obtiene la posiciones de las coordernadas en el sistema arriba izquierda de la ventana del navegador. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Accede a cada dimensión individualmente x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y    \nFija la posición de la ventana Mueve la ventana a la posición deseada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximizar la ventana Maximiza la ventana. Para la gran mayoría de sistemas operativos, la ventana rellenará la pantalla, sin bloquear los menús propios y barras de herramientas de los sistemas operativos.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimizar la ventana Minimiza la ventana del actual contexto del navegador. El comportamiento exacto de este comando es especifico individualmente de cada gestor de ventanas.\nMinimizar la ventana típicamente oculta la ventana en la bandeja del sistema.\nNota: Esta funcionalidad es específica de Selenium 4 y versiones posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Modo pantalla completa Llena la pantalla completamente, similar a presionar la tecla F11 en la gran mayoria de navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Tipos de pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pruebas de aceptación Este tipo de prueba se realiza para determinar si una funcionalidad o un sistema cumple con las expectativas y requerimientos del cliente. Este tipo de pruebas generalmente implican la cooperación o retroalimentación del cliente, siendo una actividad de validación que responde la pregunta:\n ¿Estamos construyendo el producto correcto?.\n Para aplicaciones web, la automatización de esta prueba se puede hacer directamente con Selenium simulando el comportamiento esperado del usuario. Esta simulación podría hacerse mediante grabación/ reproducción o mediante los diferentes lenguajes soportados como se explica en esta documentación. Nota: Las pruebas de aceptación son un subtipo de pruebas funcionales, a lo que algunas personas también podrían referirse.\nPruebas funcionales Este tipo de prueba se realiza para determinar si una funcionalidad o sistema funciona correctamente y sin problemas. Se comprueba el sistema en diferentes niveles para garantizar que todos los escenarios están cubiertos y que el sistema hace lo que se supone que debe de hacer. Es una actividad de verificación que responde la pregunta:\n ¿Estamos construyendo el producto correctamente?.\n Para aplicaciones web, la automatización de esta prueba puede ser hecha directamente con Selenium simulando los retornos esperados. Esta simulación podría hacerse mediante grabación/reproducción o mediante los diferentes lenguajes soportados como se explica en esta documentación.\nPruebas de rendimiento Como su nombre indica, se realizan pruebas de rendimiento para medir qué tan bien está funcionando una aplicación.\nHay dos subtipos principales para las pruebas de rendimiento:\nPruebas de carga La prueba de carga se realiza para verificar qué tan bien la aplicación funciona bajo diferentes cargas definidas ( generalmente un número particular de usuarios conectados a la vez).\nPruebas de estrés Se realizan pruebas de estrés para verificar qué tan bien la aplicación funciona bajo estrés (o por encima de la carga máxima soportada).\nEn general, las pruebas de rendimiento se realizan ejecutando algunas pruebas de Selenium que simulan diferentes usuarios golpeando una función particular en la aplicación web y obteniendo algunas medidas significativas.\nEn general, esto lo hacen otras herramientas que obtienen las métricas. Una de esas herramientas es JMeter.\nPara una aplicación web, los detalles a medir incluyen rendimiento, latencia, pérdida de datos, tiempos de carga de componentes individuales\u0026hellip;\nNota 1: Todos los navegadores tienen una pestaña de rendimiento en su sección de herramientas para desarrolladores (accesible presionando F12)\nNota 2: es un subtipo de pruebas no funcionales ya que esto generalmente se mide por sistema y no por función/funcionalidad.\nPruebas de regresión Esta prueba generalmente se realiza después de un cambio, corrección o adición de funcionalidad.\nPara garantizar que el cambio no ha roto ninguna de las funcionalidades existentes, algunas pruebas ya ejecutadas se ejecutan nuevamente.\nEl conjunto de pruebas ejecutadas nuevamente puede ser total o parcial, y puede incluir varios tipos diferentes, dependiendo del equipo de desarrollo y la aplicación.\nDesarrollo guiado por pruebas (TDD) En lugar de un tipo de prueba per se, TDD es una metodología iterativa de desarrollo en la que las pruebas guían el diseño de una funcionalidad.\nCada ciclo comienza creando un conjunto de pruebas unitarias que la funcionalidad debería pasar finalmente (deberían fallar la primera vez que se ejecuta).\nDespués de esto, se lleva a cabo el desarrollo para pasar las pruebas. Las pruebas se ejecutan nuevamente, comenzando otro ciclo y este proceso continúa hasta que todas las pruebas pasen.\nEl objetivo es acelerar el desarrollo de una aplicación basado en el hecho de que los defectos son menos costosos cuanto más antes se encuentran.\nDesarrollo guiado por comportamiento (BDD) BDD es también una metodología de desarrollo iterativo basado en el TDD anterior, en el que el objetivo es involucrar todas las partes en el desarrollo de una aplicación.\nCada ciclo comienza creando algunas especificaciones (que deberían fallar). Luego creando las pruebas unitarias fallidas (que también deberían fallar) y luego hacer el desarrollo.\nEste ciclo se repite hasta que pasan todos los tipos de pruebas.\nPara realizar esto, se usa un lenguaje de especificación. Debe ser simple y entendible por todas las partes, estándar y explícito. La mayoría de las herramientas usan Gherkin como este lenguaje.\nEl objetivo es poder detectar aún más errores que TDD, apuntando también a posibles errores de aceptación y a facilitar la comunicación entre las partes.\nActualmente hay un conjunto de herramientas disponibles para escribir las especificaciones y relacionarlas con funciones de código, como Cucumber o SpecFlow.\nUn conjunto de herramientas se han construido encima de Selenium para realizar este proceso aún más rápido al transformar directamente las especificaciones de BDD en código ejecutable. Algunas de estas son JBehave, Capybara y Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Trabajando con elementos select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A la hora de seleccionar elementos puede ser necesario código repetitivo para poder ser automatizado. Para reducir esto y hacer tus test mas limpios, existe un clase Select en los paquetes de soporte de Selenium. Para usarla, necesitarás importarla de la siguiente forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Una vez importado, ya podrás crear un objeto Select usando un WebElement que referencie a un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     El objeto Select te proporcionará una serie de comandos que te permitirán interactuar con los elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Lo primero de todo, existen diferentes formas de seleccionar una opción de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Existen tres formas de seleccionar la primera opción del ejemplo que se muestra arriba.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.select_by_index(1) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     Puedes revisar que opciones están seleccionadas usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Devuelve una Lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Devuelve una Lista de [WebElements] con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Devuelve un Array de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Devuelve una Lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Tambien existe una forma de obtener que elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; contiene un \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Devuelve una lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Devuelve una lista de [WebElements] que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; all_available_options = select_object.options   // Devuelve una IList de \u0026lt;IWebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Devuelve un array de [WebElements] que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Devuelve una lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     A la hora de deseleccionar elementos dispones de cuatro opciones:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados select_object.deselect_all()   // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.deselectAll()     Finalmente, existen algunos elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; que te permiten seleccionar mas de una opción. Puedes comprobar si tu elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; es uno de estos usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Acciones del ratón en detalle","tags":[],"description":"","content":"El ratón representa eventos del ratón. Las acciones del ratón son realizadas a través de una interfaz de bajo nivel la cual nos permite introducir acciones de dispositivos virtualizados al navegador web.\nclickAndHold Moverá el ratón al elemento y hará clic (sin soltar) en medio del elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Este método en primer lugar realiza un movimiento del ratón a la localización del elemento y realiza un clic contextual (clic derecho) en el elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Moverá el ratón al elemento y realizará un clic doble en medio del elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Este método mueve el ratón en medio del elemento dado. El elemento ademas es desplazado hacia la vista al realizar la acción.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: Este método mueve el ratón desde su posición actual (o desde 0,0) hasta un desplazamiento dado. Si las coordenadas están fuera de la vista de la ventana, entonces el ratón terminará fuera de la ventana del navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Este método en primer lugar realiza una acción click-and-hold en el elemento de origen, después lo mueve a la localización del elemento de destino y por ultimo suelta el clic.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Guarda \u0026#39;source_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de origen source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Guarda \u0026#39;target_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de destino target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Este metodo en primer lugar realiza un click-and-hold en el elemento origen, mueve el ratón al desplacamiento dado y luego suelta el raton.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Guarda \u0026#39;source_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de origen source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Guarda \u0026#39;target_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Esta acción suelta el botón izquierdo del ratón. Si se le pasa un WebElement, soltará el botón izquierdo del ratón en el elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() # Realiza la acción release webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Realiza la acción release driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Realiza la acción release  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) //Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Acerca de esta documentación","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Estos documentos, como el código en sí, son mantenidos al 100% por voluntarios dentro de la comunidad de Selenium. Muchos lo han estado usando desde su inicio, pero muchos más lo han estado usando desde hace poco y han dado su tiempo para ayudar a mejorar la experiencia de iniciación para los nuevos usuarios.\nSi hay un problema con la documentación, ¡queremos saberlo! La mejor manera de comunicar un problema es visitar https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues y buscar para ver si el problema ya se ha archivado o no. Si no, ¡no dudes en abrir uno!\nMuchos miembros de la comunidad frecuentan el canal Libera #selenium en Libera.chat. ¡No dude en venir y hacer preguntas y si obtiene ayuda que cree que podría ser útil en estos documentos, asegúrese de agregar su contribución! Podemos actualizar estos documentos, pero es mucho más fácil para todos cuando recibimos contribuciones de fuera de los encargados normales.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por múltiples razones, autenticarse en sitios como Gmail y Facebook usando el WebDriver no esta recomendado. Aparte de estar en contra de los términos y condiciones de estos sitios (te expones a que te cierren la cuenta), es un proceso lento y poco fiable.\nLa practica ideal respecto a estos los sitios de emails es usar las APIs que ofrecen, en el caso de Facebook usar las herramientas para desarrolladores las cuales exponen un API para crear cuentas de prueba, amigos, etc. A pesar de que usar un API puede parecer como un esfuerzo extra, lo recuperarás en velocidad, fiabilidad y estabilidad. Ademas el API tiene muy pocas probabilidades de cambiar mientras que las paginas web y los elementos HTML cambian frecuentemente y requieren actualizar tu framework de pruebas constantemente.\nAutenticarse en sitios de terceros usando el WebDriver en cualquier punto de tus tests incrementa el riesgo de que tus pruebas fallen debido a que aumenta la duración de estas. Por regla general cuanto mas largos sean los tests mas frágiles y poco fiables son.\nLas implementaciones del WebDriver que son conformes al W3C también marcan el objecto navigator con la propiedad WebDriver para que los ataques de denegación de servicio (DoS) puedan ser mitigados.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Características avanzadas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/","title":"Esperas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generalmente se puede decir que WebDriver posee una API de bloqueo. Porque es una biblioteca fuera-de-proceso que instruye al navegador qué hacer, y debido a que la plataforma web tiene una naturaleza intrínsecamente asíncrona, WebDriver no rastrea el estado activo y en tiempo real del DOM. Esto viene con algunos desafíos que discutiremos aquí.\nPor experiencia la mayoría de las intermitencias que surgen del uso de Selenium y WebDriver están conectadas a condiciones de carrera que ocurren entre el navegador y las instrucciones del usuario. Un ejemplo podría ser que el usuario indique al navegador que navegue a una página, luego cuando intentas encontrar un elemento obtienes el error no existe tal elemento.\nConsidera el siguiente documento:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; Las instrucciones de WebDriver pueden parecer lo suficientemente inocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Obtén y almacena el texto del párrafo search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     El problema aquí es que la estrategia de carga de página predeterminada utilizada en WebDriver escucha a que el document.readyState cambie a \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; antes de retornar de la llamada a navigate. Debido a que el elemento p se agregó después de que el documento haya cargado por completo, este script de WebDriver podría ser intermitente. \u0026ldquo;Podría\u0026rdquo; ser intermitente porque no se pueden hacer garantías sobre elementos o eventos que se disparan de forma asíncrona sin esperar —o bloquear— explícitamente esos eventos.\nAfortunadamente, utilizando el conjunto normal de instrucciones disponibles en la interfaz WebElement tales como —WebElement.click y WebElement.sendKeys— que son garantizados para ser síncronos, esto es que las llamadas a funciones no retornaran (o el callback no se activará en los lenguajes de estilo callback) hasta que el comando se haya completado en el navegador. Las API avanzadas de interacción del usuario, Keyboard y Mouse, son excepciones ya que están explícitamente pensadas como comandos asíncronos \u0026ldquo;Haz lo que digo\u0026rdquo;.\nEsperar es hacer que la ejecución automatizada de la tarea transcurra una cierta cantidad de tiempo antes de continuar con el siguiente paso.\nPara superar el problema de las condiciones de carrera. entre el navegador y tu script de WebDriver, la mayoría de los clientes de Selenium se entregan con un paquete wait. Al emplear una espera, está utilizando lo que comúnmente se conoce como una explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Las esperas explícitas están disponibles para los clientes de lenguajes imperativos y procedimentales de Selenium. Permiten que tu código detenga la ejecución del programa, o congelar el hilo, hasta que la condición que le pases se resuelva. La condición se llama con cierta frecuencia, hasta que transcurra el tiempo de espera. Esto significa que mientras la condición retorne un valor falso, seguirá intentando y esperando.\nDado que las esperas explícitas te permiten esperar a que ocurra una condición, hacen una buena combinación para sincronizar el estado entre el navegador y su DOM, y tu script de WebDriver.\nPara remediar nuestro conjunto anterior de instrucciones con errores, podríamos esperar a que la llamada findElement espere hasta que el elemento agregado dinámicamente desde el script se haya agregado al DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Inicializa y espera hasta que se haga clic en el element(link): tiempo de espera en 10 segundos WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Imprime en pantalla el primer resultado System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Inicializa y espera hasta que se haga clic en el element(link): tiempo de espera en 10 segundos val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Imprime en pantalla el primer resultado println(firstResult.text)     Pasamos la condición como referencia de la función que wait ejecutará repetidamente hasta que su valor de retorno sea verdadero. Un valor de retorno \u0026ldquo;verdadero\u0026rdquo; es todo lo que se evalúa como booleano verdadero en el lenguaje en cuestión, como una cadena de caracteres, un número, un booleano, un objeto (incluido un WebElement), o una secuencia o lista poblada (no vacía). Eso significa que una lista vacía se evalúa como falsa. Cuando la condición es verdadera y se cancela el bloqueo de espera, el valor de retorno de la condición se convierte en el valor de retorno de la espera.\nCon este conocimiento, y debido a que la utilidad de espera ignora por defecto los errores no such element, podemos refactorizar nuestras instrucciones para hacerlas mas concisas:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     En este ejemplo, pasamos una función anónima (pero también podríamos definirlo explícitamente como lo hicimos anteriormente para que pueda reutilizarse). El primer y único argumento que se pasa a nuestra condición siempre es una referencia a nuestro objeto controlador, WebDriver. En un entorno multiproceso, debes tener cuidado operando en la referencia del controlador pasada a la condición en lugar de la referencia al controlador en el ámbito externo.\nDebido a que la espera se tragará los errores no such element que se generan cuando no se encuentra el elemento, la condición volverá a intentar hasta que se encuentre el elemento. Luego tomará el valor de retorno, un WebElement, y lo pasara nuevamente a nuestro script.\nSi la condición falla, p.ej. nunca se alcanza un valor de retorno verdadero para la condición, la espera arrojará/generará un error/excepción llamado timeout error.\nOptions La condición de espera se puede personalizar para satisfacer tus necesidades. A veces es innecesario esperar completamente el tiempo de espera predeterminado, ya que la penalización por no alcanzar una condición exitosa puede ser costosa.\nLa espera te permite pasar un argumento para anular el tiempo de espera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Porque es una ocurrencia bastante común tener que sincronizar el DOM y tus instrucciones, La mayoría de los clientes también vienen con un conjunto de condiciones esperadas predefinidas. Como podría ser obvio por el nombre, son condiciones predefinidas para operaciones frecuentes de espera.\nLas condiciones disponibles varían en las diferentes librerias enlace de los lenguajes, pero esta es una lista no exhaustiva de algunos:\n alert is present (la alerta esta presente) element exists (el elemento existe) element is visible (el elemento es visible) title contains (el titulo contiene) title is (el titulo es) element staleness (estancamiento del elemento) visible text (texto visible)  Puedes consultar la documentación de las API para las librerias de enlace de cada cliente para encontrar una lista exhaustiva de las expected conditions:\n La clase de Java org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions La clase dePython selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions En .NET el tipo OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait Hay un segundo tipo de espera que es distinto de esperas explícitas llamada implicit wait. Al esperar implícitamente, WebDriver sondea el DOM por una cierta duración al intentar encontrar cualquier elemento. Esto puede ser útil cuando ciertos elementos en la página web no están disponibles de inmediato y necesitan algo de tiempo para cargarse.\nEsperar implicitamente que aparezcan elementos está deshabilitado de forma predeterminada y deberá habilitarse manualmente por sesión. Mezclar esperas explícitas y esperas implícitas causará consecuencias no deseadas, es decir, esperara el máximo de tiempo incluso si el elemento está disponible o la condición es verdadera.\nAdvertencia: No mezcles esperas implícitas y explícitas. Hacerlo puede causar tiempos de espera impredecibles. Por ejemplo, establecer una espera implícita de 10 segundos y una espera explícita de 15 segundos podría provocar que ocurra un timeout después de 20 segundos.\nUna espera implícita es decirle a WebDriver que sondee el DOM durante un cierto período de tiempo al intentar encontrar un elemento o elementos si no están disponibles de inmediato. La configuración predeterminada es 0, lo que significa deshabilitado. Una vez establecido, la espera implícita se establece por el tiempo de vida de la sesión.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Aplica un tiempo de espera timeout por 10 segundos await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait La instancia de FluentWait define la cantidad máxima de tiempo para esperar por una condición, así como la frecuencia con la que verificar dicha condición.\nLos usuarios pueden configurar la espera para ignorar tipos específicos de excepciones mientras esperan, como NoSuchElementException cuando buscan un elemento en la página.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Esperando 30 segundos a que un elemento este presente en la página, verificando // si está presente una vez cada 5 segundos  Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Esperando 30 segundos a que un elemento este presente en la página, chequeando  // si está presente una vez cada 5 segundos  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 es una nueva implementación y no comparte el código base que versiones anteriores tenían.\nGrid 4 pretende sacar ventaja de un cierto número de nuevas tecnologías para facilitar la escalada mientras que permiten ejecución en local.\nPara tener todos los detalles de los componentes de Grid 4, entender como funciona, y como instalar la tuya propia, por favor busca a través de las secciones a continuación.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Iniciando con WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Iniciando con WebDriver Selenium permite la automatización de todos los principales navegadores del mercado mediante el uso de WebDriver. WebDriver es una API y un protocolo que define una interfaz de idioma neutral para controlar el comportamiento de los navegadores web. Cada navegador está respaldado por una implementación específica de WebDriver, llamada controlador. El controlador es el componente responsable de delegar en el navegador, y maneja la comunicación hacia y desde Selenium y el navegador.\nEsta separación es parte de un esfuerzo consciente para hacer que los proveedores de navegadores asuman la responsabilidad de la implementación para sus navegadores. Selenium utiliza estos controladores de terceros cuando es posible, pero también proporciona sus propios controladores mantenidos por el proyecto para los casos en que esto no es una realidad.\nEl framework de Selenium unifica todas estas piezas a través de una interfaz orientada al usuario que habilita que los diferentes backends de los navegadores sean utilizados de forma transparente, permitiendo la automatización cruzada entre navegadores y plataformas diferentes.\nSe pueden encontrar más detalles sobre los controladores en Idiosincrasias del controlador.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock de servicios externos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminar las dependencias de servicios externos mejorará en gran medida la velocidad y la estabilidad de tus pruebas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Clases de apoyo","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Las clases de soporte de WebDriver son proporcionadas para simplificar el mantenimiento de tu código. Proporcionan una buena abstracción para modelar mas fácilmente elementos HTML como objetos de dominio, también proporcionando métodos de ayuda para hacer que el uso de tales objetos sea fácil de razonar. Aprenderemos acerca de:\n Estrategias de localizacion Eventos LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Iniciemos:\nThreadGuard  Esta clase solo esta disponible en la librería de enlace de Java\n ThreadGuard comprueba que se llama a un controlador solo desde el mismo hilo que lo creó. Los problemas de subprocesos, especialmente cuando se ejecutan pruebas en paralelo, pueden tener errores misteriosos y difícil de diagnosticar. El uso de este contenedor evita esta categoría de errores y generará una excepción cuando ocurran.\nEl siguiente ejemplo simula un choque de hilos:\npublic class DriverClash { //El hilo (thread) main (id 1) creó este controlador  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) llama al mismo controlador causando el choque  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } El resultado se muestra a continuación:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Como puede verse en el ejemplo:\n protectedDriver Será creado en el hilo Main. Utilizamos Java Runnable para iniciar un nuevo proceso y un nuevo Thread para ejecutar el proceso. Ambos Thread chocarán porque el Thread principal no tiene protectedDriver en su memoria. ThreadGuard.protect lanzará una excepción.  Nota: Esto no reemplaza la necesidad de usar ThreadLocal para administrar los controladores cuando se ejecutan en paralelo.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dependencia entre pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Una idea muy común y equivocada sobre la automatización de pruebas es en lo que respecta al orden de los tests. Tus tests deberían ser capaces de ejecutarse sin tener en cuenta el orden y no depender los unos de los otros para poder finalizarse satisfactoriamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Mejores reportes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no está diseñado para informar sobre el estado de los casos de prueba ejecutados. Aprovechando las capacidades de reporte incorporadas en la mayoría de los frameworks de pruebas unitarias es un buen comienzo. La mayoría de los frameworks de pruebas unitarias tienen utilidades que pueden generar reportes con formato xUnit o HTML. Los reportes xUnit son populares para importar resultados a una integración continua (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Aquí hay algunos enlaces para obtener más información sobre la generación de los reportes para varios lenguajes.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Puntos finales de cuadrícula","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver controla un navegador de forma nativa, como lo haría un usuario, ya sea localmente o en una máquina remota utilizando el servidor Selenium, marca un salto adelante en términos de automatización de navegadores.\nSelenium WebDriver se refiere tanto a los enlaces de lenguajes como también a las implementaciones individuales del código controlador del navegador. Esto se conoce comúnmente solo como WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver es una Recomendación W3C\n  WebDriver está diseñado como una interfaz de programación simple y más concisa.\n  WebDriver es una API compacta orientada a objetos.\n  Controla el navegador de manera efectiva.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"WebDriver remoto - servidor","tags":[],"description":"","content":"El servidor siempre se ejecutará en la máquina con el navegador que deseas probar. El servidor se puede usar desde la línea de comandos o mediante configuración de código.\nIniciar el servidor desde la línea de comando Una vez que hayas descargado selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, colócalo en la computadora con el navegador que deseas probar. Entonces, desde el directorio con el jar, ejecuta lo siguiente:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Consideraciones para ejecutar el servidor Se espera que quien inicie la sesión termine cada sesión correctamente, llamando ya sea Selenium#stop() o WebDriver#quit.\nEl servidor de Selenium mantiene registros en memoria para cada sesión en curso, que se borran cuando se invoca Selenium#stop() o WebDriver#quit. Si olvidas finalizar estas sesiones, tu servidor puede perder memoria. Si mantienes sesiones extremadamente largas, probablemente necesitarás detener/salir de vez en cuando (o también aumentar la memoria con la opción -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (desde la version 2.21) El servidor tiene dos timeouts diferentes, que se pueden configurar de la siguiente manera:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controla cuánto tiempo se permite colgar el navegador (valor en segundos).   timeout  Controla cuánto tiempo se permite que el cliente se vaya antes de reclamar la sesión (valor en segundos).    La propiedad del sistema selenium.server.session.timeout ya no es compatible a partir de 2.21.\nTen en cuenta que el browserTimeout está pensado como un mecanismo de timeout de respaldo cuando falla el mecanismo de timeout ordinario, que debe usarse principalmente en entornos de red/servidor para garantizar que los procesos bloqueados/perdidos no permanezcan por mucho tiempo,contaminando el entorno de ejecución.\nConfiguración del servidor de manera programática En teoría, el proceso es tan simple como mapear el DriverServlet a una URL, pero también es posible alojar la página desde en un contenedor ligero, como Jetty configurado completamente en código. Pasos para hacer esto a continuación.\n Descargar selenium-server.zip y descomprimirlos Poner los JAR en el CLASSPATH Crear una nueva clase llamada AppServer. Estoy usando Jetty, por lo que deberás descargar eso también:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver proporciona una API para trabajar con los tres tipos nativos de mensajes emergentes ofrecidos por JavaScript. Estas ventanas emergentes están diseñadas por el navegador y ofrecen personalización limitada.\nAlertas El más simple de estos se conoce como alerta, que muestra unmensaje personalizado y un solo botón que descarta la alerta, etiquetado en la mayoría de los navegadores como OK. También se puede descartar en la mayoría de los navegadores presionando el botón de cerrar, pero esto siempre hará lo mismo que el presionar botón OK. Esto es una alerta de ejemplo.\nWebDriver puede obtener el texto de la ventana emergente y aceptar o descartar estas alertas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable String text = alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable text = alert.text # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable string text = alert.Text; // Presiona el botón OK alert.Accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la aler driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alertta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable alert_text = alert.text # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón OK await alert.accept(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable val text = alert.getText() // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()     Confirm Un cuadro de confirmación es similar a una alerta, excepto que el usuario también puede elegir cancelar el mensaje. Esto es un confirm de ejemplo.\nEste ejemplo también muestra un enfoque diferente para almacenar una alerta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla String text = alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable text = alert.text # Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla string text = alert.Text; // Presiona el botón cancelar alert.Dismiss();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alertta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable alert_text = alert.text # Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón cancelar await alert.dismiss(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Almacena la alerta en una variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla val text = alert.text //Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss()     Prompt Los prompts son similares a los cuadros de confirmación, excepto que también incluyen una entrada de texto. Similar a trabajar con elementos de los formularios, puedes usar el sendKeys de WebDriver para completar una respuesta. Esto reemplazará completamente el texto por defecto. Al presionar el botón cancelar esto hará que no se envie ningún texto. Esto es un prompt de ejemplo.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Inserta tu mensaje alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla alert = Alert(driver) # Inserta tu mensaje alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Inserta tu mensaje alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK alert.Accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alerta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Inserta tu mensaje alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Inserta tu mensaje await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK await alert.accept(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Inserta tu mensaje alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Evitar compartir estados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aunque se menciona en varios lugares, vale la pena mencionarlo nuevamente. Asegurate de que las pruebas estén aisladas unas de otras.\n  No compartas datos de prueba. Imagina varias pruebas en la que cada una consulta a la base de datos para pedidos válidos antes de elegir uno para realizar una acción. Si dos pruebas eligen el mismo pedido es probable que obtengas un comportamiento inesperado.\n  Limpia los datos obsoletos en la aplicación que podrían ser recogidos por otra prueba p. ej. registros de pedidos inválidos.\n  Crear una nueva instancia de WebDriver por prueba. Esto ayuda a garantizar el aislamiento de la prueba y simplifica la paralelización.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Pruebas de rendimiento","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Las pruebas de rendimiento usando Selenium y el WebDriver generalmente no son aconsejables. No porque Selenium sea incapaz de ello si no porque no esta optimizado para ello y es poco probable que se obtengan buenos resultados.\nPuede parecer ideal realizar pruebas de rendimiento desde el contexto de un usuario pero una suite de tests del WebDriver esta sujeta a demasiados puntos fragiles tanto internamente como externamente los cuales están fuera de nuestro control. Por ejemplo, la velocidad de puesta en marcha de los navegadores, la velocidad de los servidores HTTP, las respuestas servidores externos que alojan JavaScript o CSS, y la propia penalización debida a la instrumentación de la propia implementación del WebDriver. Cualquier cambio en alguno de estos puntos causará una variación en los resultados. Es difícil separar la diferencia entre el rendimiento de tu sitio web y el rendimiento de tus recursos externos, y también es difícil de definir el impacto negativo en el rendimiento debido al uso del WebDriver en el navegador especialmente si estas inyectando scripts.\nOtra de las principales atracciones es el \u0026ldquo;ahorrarse tiempo\u0026rdquo; llevando a cabo las pruebas funcionales y de rendimiento al mismo tiempo. Sin embargo los tests funcionales y de rendimiento tienen objetivos totalmente opuestos. A la hora de probar funcionalidades, debemos de ser pacientes y esperar a que finalice la carga esto enturbiará los resultados de las pruebas de rendimiento y viceversa.\nPara mejorar el rendimiento de tu pagina web, necesitarás ser capaz de analizar el rendimiento general, independientemente de las diferencias entre entornos, de identificar malas practicas en el código, de descomponer el rendimiento de de los diferentes recursos (ej. CSS en JavaScript) con el fin de saber donde mejorar. Existen herramientas de pruebas de rendimiento disponibles que ya pueden hacer este trabajo y las cuales pueden proveer de informes y análisis que incluso pueden hacer sugerencias de mejora.\nEste es un ejemplo de un paquete (de código libre) que se puede usar, JMeter.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Trabajando con las cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Una cookie es una pequeña pieza de datos que es enviada desde el sitio web y es almacenada en el ordenador. Las cookies son usadas principalmente para reconocer al usuario y cargar la información almacenada.\nEl API de WebDriver proporciona una forma de interactuar con las cookies a través de métodos incorporados como:\nAñadir una Cookie Este método es usado para añadir una cookie al contexto actual del navegador. Este método solo acepta un conjunto de objetos JSON serializables definidos. En este enlace  esta la lista de claves valor JSON que son aceptadas.\nLo primero de todo, necesitas estar en el dominio para el que la cookie es valida. Si intentas añadir un conjunto de cookies preestablecidas antes de empezar a interactuar con el sitio web y la pagina de inicio es muy pesada o tarda demasiado en cargar una alternativa es encontrar una pagina mas pequeña en el sitio (típicamente la pagina del error 404 es liviana ej. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Obtener una cookie por nombre Devuelve la información de la cookie serializada que concuerda con el nombre de la cookie entre todas las cookies asociadas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade una cookie en el dominio actual  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Obtener todas las cookies Devuelve la información serializada de las cookies de manera satisfactoria para el contexto actual del navegador. Si el navegador no esta disponible devolverá un error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade varias cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Borrado de una Cookie Borra la información de la cookie que coincida con el nombre de la cookie proporcionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java tambien proporciona una forma de borrar cookies pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador. */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .Net tambien proporciona una forma de borrar cookies  // pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador.  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Muestra todas las cookies disponibles  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // Borra una cookie pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }R     Borra todas las Cookies Borra todas las cookies del contexto actual del navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Borra todas las cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Borra todas las cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Borra todas las cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Borra todas las cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Borra todas las cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Borra todas las cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     El Atributo Same-Site cookie Este atributo permite al usuario enseñar a los navegadores a controlar que cookies son mandadas junto con las peticiones iniciadas por servicios externos. Esto introducido con la intención de prevenir ataques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) El atributo Same-Site acepta dos parámetros como instrucciones:\nEstricto: Cuando el atributo sameSite esta fijado como Strict (estricto en español), la cookie no será enviada junto a las peticiones iniciadas por paginas web externas.\nLaxo: Cuando el atributo sameSite se fija como Lax (Laxo en español), la cookie será enviada junto con la petición GET iniciada por paginas web externas.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade la cookie en el contexto actual del navegador con el parámetro  # sameSite como \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (o) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade la cookie en el contexto actual del navegador con el parámetro  // sameSite como \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (o) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver remoto Puedes usar WebDriver de forma remota de la misma manera que lo usarías localmente. La principal diferencia es que un WebDriver remoto debe ser configurado para que pueda ejecutar tus pruebas en una máquina diferente.\nUn WebDriver remoto se compone de dos piezas: un cliente y un servidor. El cliente es tu prueba de WebDriver y el servidor es simplemente un servlet Java, que se puede alojar en cualquier servidor moderno de aplicaciones JEE.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guías y recomendaciones","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Guías y recomendaciones Una nota sobre \u0026ldquo;Mejores prácticas\u0026rdquo;: hemos evitado intencionalmente la frase \u0026ldquo;Mejores Prácticas\u0026rdquo; en esta documentación. Ningún enfoque funciona para todas las situaciones. Preferimos la idea de \u0026ldquo;Directrices y recomendaciones\u0026rdquo;. Te alentamos a leer a través de estos y decidir cuidadosamente cuales enfoques funcionarían para ti en tu entorno particular.\nLas pruebas funcionales son difíciles de realizar por muchas razones. Como si el estado de la aplicación, la complejidad y las dependencias no dificultaran las pruebas, tratar con navegadores (especialmente con incompatibilidades entre navegadores) hace que escribir buenas pruebas sea un desafío.\nSelenium proporciona herramientas para facilitar la interacción funcional del usuario, pero no le ayuda a escribir conjuntos de pruebas bien diseñados. En este capítulo ofrecemos consejos, pautas y recomendaciones sobre cómo abordar la automatización funcional de páginas web.\nEste capítulo registra los patrones de diseño de software populares entre muchos de los usuarios de Selenium que han demostrado tener éxito a lo largo de los años.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Independencia en las pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Escribe cada prueba como su propia unidad. Escribe las pruebas de una manera que no dependan de otras pruebas para completarse:\nDigamos que hay un sistema de gestión de contenido con el que puedes crear algún contenido personalizado que luego después publicar aparece en tu sitio web como un módulo, y puede llevar algún tiempo sincronizar entre el CMS y y la aplicación.\nUna forma incorrecta de probar tu módulo es que el contenido está creado y publicado en una prueba y luego verificando el módulo en otra prueba. Esta no es factible ya que el contenido puede no estar disponible de inmediato para otra prueba después de la publicación.\nEn cambio, puedes crear un contenido auxiliar que se puede activar y desactivar dentro de la prueba afectada y úsarla para validar el módulo. Sin embargo, para la creación de contenido, aún puedes tener una prueba por separado.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxies Http","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un servidor proxy actúa como intermediario para solicitudes entre un cliente y un servidor. En forma simple, el tráfico fluye a través del servidor proxy en camino a la dirección solicitada y de regreso.\nUn servidor proxy para scripts de automatización con Selenium podría ser útil para:\n Captura el tráfico de la red Simular llamadas de backend realizadas por el sitio web Accede al sitio web requerido bajo topologías de red complejas o restricciones/políticas corporativas estrictas.  Si te encuentras en un entorno corporativo, y un navegador no puede conectarse a una URL, esto es muy probablemente porque el ambiente necesita un proxy para acceder.\nSelenium WebDriver proporciona una via para configurar el proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Rastreo de enlaces","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Usando WebDriver para arañar una web a través de enlaces no es una práctica recomendada, no porque no se pueda hacer, pero porque definitivamente no es la herramienta más ideal. WebDriver necesita tiempo para iniciarse, y puede tomar varios de segundos hasta un minuto dependiendo de cómo se escriba tu prueba, solo para llegar a la página y atravesar el DOM.\nEn lugar de usar WebDriver para esto, podrías ahorrar un montón de tiempo ejecutando un comando curl, o usando una librería como BeautifulSoup ya que estos métodos no se basan en crear un navegador y navegar a una página. Estás ahorrando toneladas de tiempo al no utilizar WebDriver para esta tarea.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considerar el uso de un API fluída","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler acuñó el término \u0026ldquo;API fluido\u0026rdquo;. Selenium ya implementa algo como esto en su clase FluentWait, que se entiende como una alternativa a la clase estándar Wait. Puedes habilitar el patrón de diseño Fluent API en tu objeto de página y luego consulta la página de búsqueda de Google con un fragmento de código como este:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); La clase de objeto de página de Google con este comportamiento fluido podría verse así:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // Si load() falla, se llama a isLoaded() hasta que la página termine de cargarse  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Inicializa los WebElements en la pagina  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Estrategia de carga de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Define la estrategia de carga de la página en la sesión actual. Por defecto, cuando Selenium WebDriver carga una página, sigue la pageLoadStrategy normal. Siempre se recomienda detener la descarga de más recursos adicionales (como imágenes, css, js) cuando la carga de la página lleva mucho tiempo.\nLa propiedad document.readyState de un documento describe el estado de carga del documento actual. Por defecto, WebDriver esperará responder a una llamada driver.get() (o) driver.navigate().to() hasta que el estado de documento listo esté completo\nEn aplicaciones SPA (como Angular, React, Ember) una vez que el contenido dinámico ya está cargado (es decir, una vez que el estado de pageLoadStrategy es COMPLETO), hacer clic en un enlace o realizar alguna acción dentro de la página no hará una nueva solicitud al servidor ya que el contenido se carga dinámicamente en el lado del cliente sin una actualización de la página.\nLas aplicaciones de SPA pueden cargar muchas vistas dinámicamente sin ninguna solicitud del servidor, por lo que pageLoadStrategy siempre mostrará el estado \u0026lsquo;COMPLETO\u0026rsquo; hasta que hagamos un nuevo driver.get() y driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy permite los siguientes valores:\nnormal Esto hará que Selenium WebDriver espere a que se cargue toda la página. Cuando se establece en normal, Selenium WebDriver espera hasta que se dispare el evento load y sea retornado.\nPor defecto normal se establece en el navegador si no se proporciona ninguno.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Esto hará que Selenium WebDriver espere hasta que el documento HTML inicial se haya cargado y analizado por completo, y descarta la carga de hojas de estilo, imágenes y sub marcos.\nCuando se establece en eager, Selenium WebDriver espera hasta que se dispare el evento DOMContentLoaded y sea retornado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Cuando se establece en none Selenium WebDriver solo espera hasta que se descargue la página inicial.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/","title":"Malas prácticas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Malas prácticas "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Elemento web","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement representa un elemento del DOM. Los WebElements se pueden encontrar buscando desde la raíz del documento utilizando una instancia de WebDriver o buscando en otra WebElement.\nEl API WebDriver proporciona métodos integrados para encontrar los elementos web que son basados en diferentes propiedades como ID, Nombre, Clase, XPath, Selectores CSS, Texto de enlace, etc.\nFind Element Se utiliza para encontrar un elemento y devuelve la primera referencia única de WebElement que coincide, que puede usarse para acciones futuras con el elemento\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Ejecuta una acción utilizando WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ // Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Ejecuta una acción utilizando WebElemen await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar a \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, pero devuelve una lista de elementos web coincidentes. Para usar un WebElement particular de la lista, debes recorrerla lista de elementos para realizar acciones con el elemento seleccionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navega a la Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element desde Element Se utiliza para encontrar un elemento hijo dentro del contexto del elemento padre. Para lograr esto, el WebElement primario se encadena con \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; para acceder a elementos secundarios.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Obtén y almacena el elemento DOM `\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;` search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Obtén el elemento de caja de búsqueda del elemento `form` search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Ejecuta una acción usando WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Obtén y alamacena el elemento DOM `\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;` let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Obtén el elemento de caja de búsqueda del elemento `form` let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Ejecuta una acción usando WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements desde Element Se utiliza para encontrar una lista de elementos hijos dentro del contexto del elemento padre. Para lograr esto, el WebElement primario se encadena con \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo;para acceder a elementos secundarios.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element Se utiliza para rastrear (o) encontrar el elemento DOM que tiene el foco en el contexto de navegación actual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled Este método se utiliza para comprobar si el elemento conectado está habilitado o deshabilitado en una página web. Devuelve un valor booleano, True si el elemento conectado es habilitado en el contexto de navegación actual, de lo contrario, devuelve false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comienza cada prueba desde un estado limpio conocido. Idealmente, ejecuta una nueva máquina virtual para cada prueba. Si ejecutar una nueva máquina virtual no es práctico, al menos inicia un nuevo WebDriver para cada prueba. Para Firefox, inicia un WebDriver con su perfil conocido.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Comportamientos del controlador","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comportamientos del controlador "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Teclado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard representa un evento del teclado. Las acciones del teclado se realizan mediante el uso de una interfaz de bajo nivel que nos permite proporcionar entradas de un dispositivo virtualizado al navegador web.\nsendKeys El sendKeys escribe una secuencia de teclas en el elemento del DOM incluso si se encuentra una secuencia de teclas modificadoras. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown KeyDown se usa para simular la acción de presionar una tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp KeyUp se usa para simular la acción de liberar (o) desbloqueo de una tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Borra el contenido de un elemento editable. Esto solo se aplica a los elementos que son editables e interactuables, de lo contrario, Selenium devuelve el error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Borra el texto ingresado\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;t\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Borra el texto ingresado\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/","title":"Paquetes de soporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Paquetes de soporte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy En esta sección puedes encontrar toda la documentación relacionada con los componentes legacy (heredados) de Selenium. Esto está destinado a mantenerse únicamente por razones históricas y no como un incentivo para utilizar componentes en desuso.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/","title":"Texto preliminar","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Texto preliminar "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/","title":"Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores Selenium es un proyecto que alberga un abanico de herramientas y librerías que permiten y apoyan la automatización de navegadores web.\nProporciona extensiones que permiten emular las interacciones que realizan los usuarios con los navegadores, un servidor que permite distribuir la asignación de navegadores de forma escalable, y la infraestructura necesaria para las implementaciones de la especificación del WebDriver del W3C, el cual permite escribir código intercambiable para los navegadores web mas usados.\nEste proyecto es posible gracias a los colaboradores voluntarios, los cuales han dedicado miles de horas de su propio tiempo haciendo así que el código fuente esté disponible de manera gratuita para que cualquiera pueda usarlo, disfrutarlo y mejorarlo.\nSelenium conecta a proveedores de navegadores web, ingenieros y entusiastas para promover un debate abierto sobre la automatización de plataformas web. El proyecto organiza una conferencia anual con el fin de enseñar y nutrir a la comunidad.\nEl corazón de Selenium es el WebDriver, una interfaz que permite escribir conjuntos de instrucciones que se pueden ejecutar de manera indistinta en muchos navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Añade el texto \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; y efectúa la acción de la tecla \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Puedes ver este tour rápido para una explicación completa de lo que sucede entre bastidores cuando se ejecuta el código. Es recomendable continuar con el planteamiento que ofrece esta documentación para entender como se puede instalar y usar correctamente Selenium como herramienta de automatización de pruebas, y como se puede escalar pruebas simples como el ejemplo anterior, en grandes entornos con múltiples navegadores en diferentes sistemas operativos.\nEmpezando Si eres nuevo con Selenium, tenemos una serie de recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Ayuda de configuración","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA es la abreviatura de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart o en español Prueba de Turing Completamente Automática y Pública para diferenciar Ordenadores de Humanos, está explícitamente diseñado para prevenir la automatización, ¡así que no intentes automatizarlo!\nExisten dos estrategias principales para evitar los CAPTCHAs:\n Deshabilitar los CAPTCHAs en tus entornos de pruebas. Agrega un parámetro que permita que las pruebas hagan un baipás.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Ejerce como mediador y administrador Acepta peticiones para ejecutar los tests Recoge instrucciones de los clientes y las ejecuta de forma remota en los nodos Gestiona los hilos  El Hub es un punto central donde se envian todos tus tests. Cada Selenium Grid consiste en exactamente un hub. El hub necesita ser accesible desde la perspectiva de los clientes (ej. Servidor de la CI, maquina del desarrollador) El hub se conectará a uno o mas nodos a los que los tests serán delegados.\nNodos  Donde se ubican los navegadores Se registra a si mismo en el hub y le comunica sus capacidades Recibe las peticiones desde el hub las ejecuta  Los nodos son diferentes instancias de Selenium que ejecutarán los tests en sistemas informáticos individuales. Puedes haber muchos nodos en un grid. Las maquinas que contienen los nodos no necesitan estar bajo el mismo sistema operativo o disponer de la misma selección de navegadores que el hub u otros nodos. Un nodo en Windows podría tener la capacidad de ofrecer Internet Explorer como opción del navegador mientras que esto no podría ser posible en Linux o Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Derechos de autor y atribuciones","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controla los navegadores web Selenium significa muchas cosas pero en su núcleo, es un conjunto de herramientas para la automatización de navegadores web que utiliza las mejores técnicas disponibles para controlar remotamente las instancias de los navegadores y emular la interacción del usuario con el navegador.\nPermite a los usuarios simular interacciones básicas realizadas por los usuarios finales; insertando texto en los campos, seleccionando valores de menús desplegables y casillas de verificación, y haciendo clics en los enlaces de los documentos. También provee muchos otros controles tales como el movimiento del mouse, la ejecución arbitraria de JavaScript, y mucho más.\nA pesar de que es usado principalmente para pruebas de front-end de sitios webs, Selenium es en esencia una librería de agente de usuario para el navegador. Las interfaces son ubicuas a su aplicación, lo que fomenta la composición con otras librerías para adaptarse a su propósito.\nUna interfaz para gobernarlos a todos Uno de los principios fundamentales del proyecto es permitir una interfaz común para todas las tecnologías de los (principales) navegadores. Los navegadores web son aplicaciones increíblemente complejas y de mucha ingeniería, realizando operaciones completamente diferentes pero que usualmente se ven iguales al hacerlo. Aunque el texto se presente con las mismas fuentes, las imágenes se muestren en el mismo lugar y los enlaces te llevan al mismo destino. Lo que sucede por debajo es tan diferente como la noche y el día. Selenium abstrae estas diferencias, ocultando sus detalles y complejidades a la persona que escribe el código. Esto le permite escribir varias líneas de código para realizar un flujo de trabajo complicado, pero estas mismas líneas se ejecutarán en Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome y los demás navegadores compatibles.\nHerramientas y soporte El diseño minimalista de Selenium le da la versatilidad para que se pueda incluir como un componente en otras aplicaciones. La infraestructura proporcionada debajo del catálogo de Selenium te da las herramientas para que puedas ensamblar tu grid de navegadores de modo que tus pruebas se puedan ejecutar en diferentes navegadores a través de diferente sistemas operativos y plataformas.\nImagina un banco de computadores en tu sala de servidores o en un centro de datos, todos ejecutando navegadores al mismo tiempo e interactuando con los enlaces en tu sitio web, formularios, y tablas—probando tu aplicación 24 horas al día. A través de la sencilla interfaz de programación proporcionada para los lenguajes más comunes, estas pruebas se ejecutarán incansablemente en paralelo, reportando cuando ocurran errores.\nEs un objetivo ayudar a que esto sea una realidad para ti, proporcionando a los usuarios herramientas y documentación para controlar no solo los navegadores pero también para facilitar la escalabilidad e implementación de tales grids.\nQuien utiliza Selenium Muchas de las empresas más importantes del mundo han adoptado Selenium para sus pruebas basadas en navegador, a menudo reemplazando esfuerzos de años que involucran otras herramientas propietarias. A medida que ha crecido en popularidad, también se han multiplicado sus requisitos y desafíos.\nA medida que la web se vuelve más complicada y se agregan nuevas tecnologías a los sitios web, la misión de este proyecto es mantenerse al día con ellos siempre que sea posible. Siendo un proyecto de código abierto, este apoyo se sustenta a través de la donación generosa de tiempo de muchos voluntarios, cada uno de los cuales tiene un \u0026ldquo;trabajo diurno\u0026rdquo;.\nOtra misión del proyecto es alentar a más voluntarios a participar en este esfuerzo, y construir una comunidad fuerte para que el proyecto pueda seguir el ritmo de las tecnologías emergentes y seguir siendo una plataforma dominante para la automatización de pruebas funcionales.\nHistoria Cuando Selenium 1 fue lanzado en el año 2004, surgió por la necesidad de reducir el tiempo dedicado a verificar manualmente el comportamiento consistente en el front-end de una aplicación web. Hizo uso de las herramientas disponibles en ese momento y confió en gran medida en la inyección de JavaScript en la página web bajo prueba para emular la interacción de un usuario.\nSi bien JavaScript es una buena herramienta para permitirte la introspección de las propiedades del DOM y para hacer ciertas observaciones del lado del cliente que de otro modo no se podría hacer, se queda corto en la capacidad de replicar naturalmente las interacciones de un usuario como usar el mouse y el teclado.\nDesde entonces, Selenium ha crecido y ha madurado bastante, convirtiéndose en una herramienta ampliamente utilizada por muchas—o sino por la mayoría— de las organizaciones más grandes del mundo. Selenium ha pasado de ser de un kit de herramientas de automatización de pruebas de fabricación casera desarrollado en Thoughtworks para un público específico y un caso de uso específico, a la librería de facto de automatización de navegadores del mundo.\nAsí como Selenium RC hizo uso de las herramientas de oficio disponibles en ese momento, Selenium WebDriver impulsa esta tradición al llevar la parte de la interacción del navegador al territorio del proveedor del mismo y pedirles que se responsabilicen de las implementaciones de back-end orientadas al navegador. Recientemente este esfuerzo se ha convertido en un proceso de estandarización del W3C donde el objetivo es convertir el componente WebDriver en Selenium en la librería de control remoto du jour para agentes de usuario.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/","title":"Empezando","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Empezando Si eres nuevo con Selenium, tenemos una serie de recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Entendiendo los componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Construir una suite de test usando WebDriver requerirá que entiendas y uses de forma efectiva diferentes componentes. Como con todo en el desarrollo de software, la gente usa diferentes términos para la misma idea. A continuación hay un desglose de cómo los términos son usados en esa descripción.\nTerminología  API: Interfaz de Programación de Aplicaciones. Es un conjunto de \u0026ldquo;comandos\u0026rdquo; que se utilizan para manipular el WebDriver. Library: Un módulo de código que contiene las APIs y el código necesario para implementarlos. Las librerías son específicas para cada lenguaje, por ejemplo ficheros .jar en Java, ficheros .dll para .NET, etc. Driver: El responsable de controlar el navegador actual. La mayoría de los drivers son creados por los vendors del navegador. Los Drivers son generalmente módulos ejecutables que corren en el sistema con el propio navegador, no en el sistema ejecutando la suite de test. (Aunque esos pueden ser el mismo sistema.) NOTE: Algunas personas se refieren a los drivers como proxies. Framework: Una librería adicional usada como un soporte para la suites de WebDriver. Estos frameworks pueden ser test frameworks como JUnit o NUnit. También pueden ser frameworks soportando lenguaje natural como Cucumber o Robotium. Los frameworks también pueden ser escritos y usados para cosas como la manipulación o configuración del sistema bajo la prueba, creación de datos, test oracles, etc  Las Partes y las Piezas Como mínimo, el WebDriver habla con un navegador a través del driver. La comunicación es bidireccional: el WebDriver pasa comandos al navegador a través del driver, y recibe la información de vuelta por la misma ruta.\nEl driver es específico para el navegador, como es ChromeDriver para Chrome/Chromium de Google, GeckoDriver para Mozilla Firefox, etc. El driver corre en el mismo sistema que el browser. Esto puede, o no puede ser, el mismo sistema donde los tests se están ejecutando.\nEste simple ejemplo anterior es de comunicación directa. La comunicación con el navegador puede ser remota a través de Selenium Server o RemoteWebdriver. Éste último corre en el mismo sistema que el driver y el browser.\nLa comunicación remota puede también hacerse usando Selenium Server o Selenium Grid, ambos a su vez hablan con el driver en el sistema anfitrión.\nDónde encaja el Framework El WebDriver tiene un trabajo y solo un trabajo: comunicarse con el navegador a través de uno de los métodos nombrados. El WebDriver no tiene que saber nada sobre testing: no sabe cómo comparar cosas, asegurar un pass o fail, y ciertamente no sabe nada acerca de reportes o sobre la gramática Given/When/Then.\nAquí es donde varios frameworks entran en juego. Como mínimo necesitarás un framework de test que compare los enlaces de idiomas, por ejempolo NUnit para .NET, JUnit para Java, RSpec para Ruby, etc.\nEl framework de test es responsable de correr y ejecutar tu WebDriver y los pasos de tus tests. Como tal, puedes pensar que se parece a la siguiente imagen.\nLos frameworks o herramientas de lenguage natural como Cucumber pueden existir como parte de la caja de Test Framework de la figura de arriba, o envolver totalmente el Test Framework en su propia implementación.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/","title":"Guía rápida","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no es solo una herramienta o API, sino que compone muchas herramientas.\nWebDriver Si está comenzando con la automatización de pruebas de sitios web de escritorio, entonces va a utilizar las API de WebDriver. WebDriver utiliza las API de automatización del navegador proporcionadas por los desarrolladores de los navegadores para controlar el navegador y ejecutar pruebas. Esto es como si un usuario real estuviera manipulando el navegador. Dado que el WebDriver no requiere que su API se compile con el código de la aplicación que va a probar, no es de naturaleza intrusiva. Por lo tanto, está probando la misma aplicación que está en vivo.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) es la herramienta que usas para desarrollar tus casos de prueba con Selenium. Es una extensión para Chrome y Firefox muy sencilla de usar y es generalmente la forma mas eficiente de desarrollar casos de prueba. Esta graba las acciones del usuario en el navegador, usando los comandos existentes en Selenium, con parámetros definidos por el contexto de cada elemento. No solo sirve para ahorrar tiempo sino que también es una forma excelente de aprender la sintaxis de scripts de Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid te permite ejecutar casos de prueba en diferentes maquinas a través de diferentes plataformas. La gestión que desencadena las ejecuciones de los casos de prueba se realiza en la parte local, y cuando los casos de prueba se hayan disparado, automáticamente serán ejecutados en la parte remota.\nPoco después del desarrollo de las pruebas de WebDriver, es posible que deba ejecutar sus pruebas en múltiples combinaciones de navegador y sistema operativo. Aquí es donde Grid viene al rescate.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Instalando las librerías de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primero debes instalar las librerías de enlace Selenium para tu proyecto de automatización. El proceso de instalación de las librerías depende del lenguaje que elijas usar.\nJava La instalación de las librerías Selenium para Java se puede hacer usando Maven. Agrega la dependencia de selenium-java en el pom.xml de tu proyecto:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; La dependencia selenium-java permite la ejecución de tu proyecto de automatización en todos los navegadores compatibles con Selenium. Si quieres ejecutar pruebas en un navegador en específico, puedes agregar la dependencia para ese navegador en el archivo pom.xml. Por ejemplo, debes agregar la siguiente dependencia en tu archivo pom.xml para ejecutar tus pruebas solamente en Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De igual manera, si quieres ejecutar las pruebas solamente en Chrome, debes agregar la siguiente dependencia:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python La instalación de las librerías de Selenium en Python se puede hacer usando pip:\npip install selenium Alternativamente, puedes descargar el archivo fuente PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) e instalarlo usando setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para C# se puede hacer usando NuGet:\n# Usando el manejador de paquetess Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # o usando el CLI de .Net dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para Ruby se puede hacer usando gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para JavaScript se puede hacer usando npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Debido a la falta de librerías de enlace de idioma nativas para Kotlin, debe usar las de Java, p. ej. con Maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Modelos de objetos de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Page Object (objeto de página) es un patrón de diseño que se ha vuelto popular en la automatización de pruebas para mejorar el mantenimiento de las pruebas y reducir la duplicación de código. Un objeto de página es un clase orientada a objetos que sirve como interfaz para una página de tu AUT. Las pruebas luego usan los métodos de esta clase de objeto de página cuando lo necesitan para interactuar con la interfaz de usuario de esa página. El beneficio es que si la interfaz de usuario cambia para la página, las pruebas en sí mismas no necesitan cambiar, solo el código dentro del objeto de página necesita cambiar. Posteriormente, todos los cambios para soportar esa nueva interfaz de usuario están ubicados en un solo lugar.\nEl patrón de diseño de objetos de página ofrece las siguientes ventajas:\n Existe una separación clara entre el código de prueba y el código específico de la página, como localizadores (o su uso si está utilizando un mapa de interfaz de usuario) y diseño. Existe un único repositorio para los servicios u operaciones que ofrece la página en lugar de tener estos servicios dispersos a lo largo de las pruebas.  En ambos casos, esto permite cualquier modificación requerida debido a cambios en la interfaz de usuario puedan hacerse en un solo lugar. Puedes encontrar buena información sobre esta técnica en numerosos blogs, ya que este \u0026ldquo;patrón de diseño de prueba\u0026rdquo; se está utilizando ampliamente. Nosotros animamos al lector que desea saber más a buscar blogs en Internet al respecto.\nMuchos han escrito sobre este patrón de diseño y pueden proporcionar consejos útiles más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Para empezar, sin embargo, ilustraremos objetos de página con un ejemplo simple.\nPrimero, considere un ejemplo, típico de la automatización de pruebas, que no utiliza un objeto de página:\n/*** * Prueba de la funcionalidad de inicio de sesión */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // ingresa los datos de inicio de sesión en la página de inicio de sesión  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verifica que la etiqueta h1 tiene el valor \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; después de iniciar sesión  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Hay dos problemas con este enfoque.\n No hay separación entre el método de prueba y los localizadores del AUT (ID en este ejemplo); ambos están entrelazados en un solo método. Si la UI del AUT cambia sus identificadores, diseño o cómo se ingresa y procesa un inicio de sesión, la prueba en sí debe cambiar. Los localizadores de ID se distribuirían en múltiples pruebas, en todas las pruebas que debían usar esta página de inicio de sesión.  Aplicando las técnicas de objeto de página, este ejemplo podría reescribirse como en el siguiente ejemplo de un objeto de página para una página de inicio de sesión.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * El objeto de página encapsula la página de inicio de sesión. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Inicia sesión como un usuario válido * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } y el objeto de página para una página de inicio podría verse así.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * El objeto de página encapsula la página de inicio */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hola userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Encapsulación de página para administrar la funcionalidad del perfil  return new HomePage(driver); } /* Mas métodos que ofrecen los servicios representados por la página de inicio del usuario registrado. Estos métodos a su vez podrían devolver más objetos de página, por ejemplo hacer clic en el botón Redactar correo podría devolver el objeto de clase ComposeMail */ } Entonces, la prueba de inicio de sesión usaría estos dos objetos de página de la siguiente manera.\n/*** * Prueba de la funcionalidad de inicio de sesión de pruebas */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Hay mucha flexibilidad en cómo se pueden diseñar los objetos de página, pero hay algunas reglas básicas para obtener la mantenibilidad deseada de tu código de prueba.\nLos objetos de página en sí mismos nunca deben hacer verificaciones o afirmaciones. Esto es parte de tu prueba y siempre debe estar dentro del código de la prueba, nunca en una página objeto. El objeto de página contendrá la representación de la página, y el servicios que proporciona la página a través de métodos, pero ningún código relacionado con lo que se está probado debe estar dentro del objeto de la página.\nHay una verificación única que puede y debe estar dentro del objeto de página y eso es para verificar que la página, y posiblemente elementos críticos en la página, se cargaron correctamente. Esta verificación debe hacerse mientras se instancia el objeto de la página. En los ejemplos anteriores, tanto SignInPage como los constructores de HomePage verifican que la página esperada esté disponible y lista para las solicitudes de la prueba.\nUn objeto de página no necesariamente necesita representar una página completa. El patrón de diseño de objetos de pagina podría usarse para representar componentes en una página. Si la página en el AUT tiene múltiples componentes, puede mejorar la mantenibilidad si hay un objeto de página separado para cada componente.\nExisten otros patrones de diseño que también pueden usarse en las pruebas. Algunos usan un Page Factory para crear instancias de sus objetos de página. Discutir todo esto es más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Aquí, simplemente queremos presentar los conceptos para que el lector tome conciencia de algunas de las cosas que se pueden hacer. Como fue mencionado anteriormente, muchos han blogueado sobre este tema y alentamos lector para buscar blogs sobre estos temas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navegadores para el consumidor El framework de Selenium soporta oficialmente los siguientes navegadores:\n   Navegador Mantenedor Versiones Soportadas     Chrome Chromium Todas las Versiones   Firefox Mozilla 54 y más recientes   Edge Microsoft 84 y más recientes   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 y más recientes   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 y más recientes   Safari Apple 10 y más recientes    Navegadores especializados También hay un conjunto de navegadores especializados utilizados típicamente en entornos de desarrollo. Podemos utilizar algunos de estos navegadores para fines de automatización, y Selenium proporciona apoyo a los siguientes controladores especializados:\n   Nombre del Controlador Prepósito Mantenedor     HtmlUnitDriver Emulador de navegador headless respaldado por Rhino Proyecto Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objetivos y funcionalidades principales","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Punto de entrada centralizado para todos los tests Gestión y control de los nodos / entornos donde se ejecutan los navegadores Escalado Ejecución de los tests en paralelo Testing cruzado entre diferentes sistemas operativos Balanceo de carga  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introducción Selenium RC fue el principal proyecto de Selenium durante mucho tiempo, antes de que la union de WebDriver/Selenium resultaran en Selenium 2, una herramienta más poderosa. Vale la pena resaltar que Selenium 1 ya no es soportado.\nComo funciona Selenium RC Primero, describiremos cómo funcionan los componentes de Selenium RC y el papel que desempeña cada uno en la ejecución tus scripts de prueba.\nComponentes de RC Los componentes de Selenium RC son:\n El servidor Selenium que inicia y finaliza navegadores, interpreta y ejecuta los comandos Selenese pasados del programa de prueba, y actúa como un proxy HTTP, interceptando y verificando los mensajes HTTP pasados entre el navegador y el AUT. Librerías de clientes que proporcionan la interfaz entre cada lenguaje de programación y Selenium RC Server.  Aquí hay un diagrama simplificado de la arquitectura:\nEl diagrama muestra que las librerías del cliente se comunican con el el servidor pasando cada comando Selenium para su ejecución. Entonces el servidor pasa el comando Selenium al navegador utilizando los comandos JavaScript de Selenium-Core. El navegador, utilizando su intérprete de JavaScript, ejecuta el comando Selenium. Esta ejecuta la acción o verificación de Selenese que especificas en tu script de prueba.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server recibe comandos de Selenium de tu programa de prueba, los interpreta e informa a tu programa los resultados de ejecutar esas pruebas.\nEl servidor RC agrupa Selenium Core y automáticamente lo inyecta en el navegador. Esto ocurre cuando tu programa de prueba abre el navegador (utilizando una función del API de la librería del cliente). Selenium-Core es un programa de JavaScript, en realidad un conjunto de funciones JavaScript que interpretan y ejecutan comandos Selenese utilizando el intérprete de JavaScript incorporado en el navegador.\nEl servidor recibe los comandos Selenese de tu programa de prueba utilizando simples solicitudes HTTP GET/POST. Esto significa que puedes usar cualquier lenguaje de programación que pueda enviar solicitudes HTTP para automatizar pruebas de Selenium en el navegador.\nLibrerías de Clientes Las librerías del cliente proporcionan el soporte de programación que te permiten ejecutar comandos Selenium desde un programa de tu propio diseño. Hay una librería cliente diferente para cada lenguaje compatible. Una librería cliente de Selenium proporciona una interfaz de programación (API), es decir, un conjunto de funciones, que ejecuta comandos de Selenium desde tu propio programa. Dentro de cada interfaz, hay una función de programación que soporta cada comando de Selenese.\nLa librería del cliente toma un comando Selenese y lo pasa al servidor Selenium para procesar una acción o prueba específica contra la aplicación bajo prueba (AUT). La librería del cliente también recibe el resultado de ese comando y lo devuelve a tu programa. Tu programa puede recibir el resultado y almacenarlo en una variable del programa e informarlo como un éxito o un fracaso, o posiblemente tomar medidas correctivas si fue un error inesperado.\nEntonces, para crear un programa de prueba, simplemente escribe un programa que ejecute un conjunto de comandos de Selenium utilizando una API de la librería del cliente. Y, opcionalmente, si ya tienes un script de prueba Selenese creado en Selenium-IDE, puedes generar el código Selenium RC. Selenium-IDE puede traducir (utilizando los elementos del menú Exportar) tus comandos Selenium en las llamadas a la función API de un cliente-controlador. Consulta el capítulo Selenium-IDE para obtener información específica sobre la exportación de código RC de Selenium-IDE.\nInstalación La instalación es más bien un nombre inapropiado para Selenium. Selenium tiene un conjunto de librerías disponibles en el lenguaje de programación que elijas. Puedes descargarlos desde la pagina de descarga.\nUna vez que hayas elegido un lenguaje para trabajar, simplemente necesitas:\n Instalar el servidor Selenium RC. Configurar un proyecto de programación utilizando un controlador de cliente específico del lenguaje.  Instalando Selenium Server El servidor Selenium RC es simplemente un archivo Java jar (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), que no requiere una instalación especial. Simplemente descargando el archivo zip y extrayendo el servidor en el directorio deseado es suficiente.\nEjecutando Selenium Server Antes de comenzar cualquier prueba, debes iniciar el servidor. Ve al directorio donde se encuentra el servidor de Selenium RC y ejecuta lo siguiente desde una consola línea de comandos.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Esto se puede simplificar creando un archivo ejecutable batch o shell (.bat en Windows y .sh en Linux) que contiene el comando anterior. Luego haz un acceso directo a ese ejecutable en tu escritorio y simplemente haz doble clic en el icono para iniciar el servidor.\nPara que el servidor se ejecute, necesitarás Java instalado y la variable de entorno PATH configurada correctamente para ejecutarla desde la consola. Puedes verificar que tienes Java instalado correctamente ejecutando lo siguiente en una consola\njava -version Si obtienes un número de versión (que debe ser 1.5 o posterior), estás listo para comenzar a usar Selenium RC.\nUtilizando el controlador de cliente Java  Descarga el zip del controlador del cliente Java de Selenium desde SeleniumHQ página de descargas. Extrae el archivo selenium-java-.jar Abra tu IDE de Java deseado (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Crea un proyecto java. Agregaa los archivos selenium-java-.jar a tu proyecto como referencias. Agrega a tu classpath de proyecto el archivo selenium-java-jar. Desde Selenium-IDE, exporta un script a un archivo Java e inclúyelo en tu proyecto Java, o escribe tu prueba de Selenium en Java usando la API selenium-java-client. La API se presenta más adelante en este capítulo. Puedes usar JUnit o TestNg para ejecutar tu prueba, o puedes escribir tu propio programa main() simple. Estos conceptos son explicados más adelante en esta sección. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba desde el IDE de Java o desde la línea de comandos.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del proyecto de prueba Java, consulta las secciones del Apéndice: Configuración de Selenium RC con Eclipse y Configuración de Selenium RC con IntelliJ.\nUtilizando el controlador de cliente Python  Instala Selenium via PIP, las instrucciones están en SeleniumHQ pagina de descargas Escribe tu prueba de Selenium en Python o exporta un script de Selenium-IDE a un archivo de Python. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba desde una consola o tu IDE de Python.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente Python, consulte el Apéndice: Configuración del controlador del cliente Python.\nUtlizando el Controlador de Cliente .NET  Descarga Selenium RC desde SeleniumHQ página de descargas Extrae la carpeta Descargua e instala NUnit (Nota: Puedes usar NUnit como tu motor de prueba. Si aún no estás familiarizado con NUnit, también puedes escribir una función main() simple para ejecutar tus pruebas; sin embargo, NUnit es muy útil como motor de prueba). Abre tu IDE .Net deseado (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Crea una biblioteca de clases (.dll) Agrega referencias a las siguientes DLL: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll y ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Escribe tu prueba de Selenium en un lenguaje .Net (C #, VB.Net), o exporta un script de Selenium-IDE a un archivo C# y copia este código en el archivo de clase acabas de crear. Escribe tu propio programa main() simple o puedes incluir NUnit en tu proyecto para ejecutar tu prueba. Estos conceptos se explican más adelante en este capítulo. Ejecuta el servidor Selenium desde la consola Ejecuta tu prueba desde el IDE, desde la GUI de NUnit o desde la línea de comandos.  Para obtener detalles específicos sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente .NET con Visual Studio, consulte el apéndice Configuración del controlador del cliente .NET\nUtilizando el Controlador de Cliente Ruby  Si aún no tiene RubyGems, instálalo desde RubyForge. Ejecuta gem install selenium-client En la parte superior de tu script de prueba, agrega require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Escribe tu script de prueba usando cualquier arnés de prueba Ruby (por ejemplo, Test::Unit Mini::Test o RSpec). Ejecuta el servidor Selenium RC desde la consola. Ejecuta tu prueba de la misma manera que ejecutarías cualquier otro script de Ruby.  Para obtener detalles sobre la configuración del controlador del cliente Ruby, consulta la Documentación de Selenium-Client_\nDe Selenese a un Programa La tarea principal para usar Selenium RC es convertir tu Selenese en un lenguaje de programación. En esta sección, proporcionamos varios ejemplos lenguaje-específico diferentes.\nMuestra de un Script de prueba Comencemos con un ejemplo de un script de prueba de Selenese. Imagina grabar la siguiente prueba con Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Nota: este ejemplo funcionaría con la página de búsqueda de Google http://www.google.com\nSelenese Como Código de Programación Aquí está el script de prueba exportado (a través de Selenium-IDE) a cada uno de los lenguajes de programación soportados. Si tienes al menos un conocimiento básico de un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos, comprenderás cómo Selenium ejecuta comandos Selenese leyendo uno de estos ejemplos. Para ver un ejemplo en un lenguaje específico, seleccione uno de estos botones.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end En la siguiente sección explicaremos cómo construir un programa de prueba usando el código generado.\nProgramando Tu Prueba Ahora ilustraremos cómo programar tus propias pruebas usando ejemplos en cada uno de las lenguajes de programación compatibles. Hay esencialmente dos tareas:\n Generar tu script a un lenguaje de programación desde Selenium-IDE, opcionalmente modificando el resultado. Escribir un programa principal muy simple que ejecute el código generado.  Opcionalmente, puedes adoptar una plataforma de prueba como JUnit o TestNG para Java, o NUnit para .NET si estás utilizando uno de esos lenguajes.\nAquí, mostramos ejemplos específicos del lenguaje. Las API específicas del lenguaje tienden a diferir uno de otro, por lo que encontrarás una explicación separada para cada uno.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Para Java, las personas utilizan JUnit o TestNG como plataforma de prueba. Algunos entornos de desarrollo como Eclipse tienen soporte directo para estos a través de complementos. Esto lo hace aún más fácil. Enseñar JUnit o TestNG está más allá del alcance de este documento, sin embargo, los materiales se pueden encontrar en línea y hay publicaciones disponibles. Si ya eres una \u0026ldquo;tienda de Java\u0026rdquo;, es probable que tus desarrolladores lo hagan ya tengan algo de experiencia con uno de estos frameworks de prueba.\nProbablemente desees cambiar el nombre de la clase de prueba de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; a algo de tu propia elección. Además, deberás cambiar los parámetros abrir-navegador en la declaración:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); El código generado por Selenium-IDE se verá así. Este ejemplo tiene comentarios agregados manualmente para mayor claridad.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# El .NET Client Driver funciona con Microsoft.NET. Se puede usar con cualquier framework de prueba .NET como NUnit o Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE asume que usará NUnit como framework de prueba. Puedes ver esto en el código generado a continuación. Incluye la declaración using para NUnit junto con los atributos de NUnit correspondientes que identifican el rol de cada función miembro de la clase de prueba.\nProbablemente desees cambiar el nombre de la clase de prueba de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; a algo de tu propia elección. Además, deberás cambiar los parámetros abrir-navegador en la declaración:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); El codigo generado se vera similar a esto.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Puedes permitir que NUnit gestione la ejecución de tus pruebas. O, alternativamente, puedes escribir un simple programa main() que crea una instancia del objeto de prueba y ejecuta cada uno de los tres métodos, SetupTest(), TheNewTest() y TeardownTest() a su vez.\nPython Pyunit es el framework de prueba para usar en Python.\nLa estructura de una prueba básica es:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Las versiones anteriores (anteriores a 2.0) de Selenium-IDE generan código Ruby que requiere el antiguo gem de Selenium. Por lo tanto, es recomendable actualizar cualquier script Ruby generado por IDE de la siguiente manera:\n  En la línea 1, cambia require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; a require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  En la línea 11, cambia Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new a Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  Probablemente también quieras cambiar el nombre de la clase a algo más informativo que \u0026ldquo;Sin título\u0026rdquo;, y cambiar el nombre del método de prueba a algo diferente de \u0026ldquo;test_untitled\u0026rdquo;.\nAquí hay un ejemplo simple creado al modificar el código Ruby generado por Selenium IDE, como se describió anteriormente.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP Los miembros del equipo de documentación. no han utilizado Selenium RC con Perl o PHP. Si estás utilizando Selenium RC con cualquiera de estos dos lenguajes, póngase en contacto con el equipo de documentación (consulta el capítulo sobre contribuciones). Nos encantaría incluir algunos ejemplos tuyos y de tus experiencias, para apoyar a los usuarios de Perl y PHP.\nAprendiendo el API La API de Selenium RC utiliza convenciones de nomenclatura suponiendo que entiendes a Selenese, gran parte de la interfaz se explicará por sí misma. Aquí, sin embargo, explicamos los aspectos más críticos y posiblemente menos obvios.\nIniciando el Navegador CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Cada uno de estos ejemplos abre el navegador y representa ese navegador asignando una \u0026ldquo;instancia del navegador\u0026rdquo; a una variable de programa. Esta variable de programa se utiliza entonces para llamar a los métodos desde el navegador. Estos métodos ejecutan los comandos de Selenium, es decir, comandos como open o type o verify.\nLos parámetros necesarios al crear la instancia del navegador son:\n  host Especifica la dirección IP de la computadora donde se encuentra el servidor. Por lo general, esta es la misma máquina donde se ejecuta el cliente, por lo que en este caso se pasa localhost. En algunos clientes, este es un parámetro opcional.\n  port Especifica el socket TCP/IP donde el servidor está escuchando y esperando que el cliente establezca una conexión. Esto también es opcional en algunos controladores de clientes.\n  browser El navegador en el que deseas ejecutar las pruebas. Este es un parámetro requerido.\n  url La url base de la aplicación bajo prueba. Esto es requerido por todos las librerías de cliente y es información integral para iniciar la comunicación navegador-proxy-AUT.\n  Ten en cuenta que algunas de las librerías de cliente requieren que el navegador se inicie explícitamente llamando a su método start().\nEjecutando Comandos Una vez que tienes el navegador inicializado y asignado a una variable (generalmente llamada \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo;) puedes hacer que ejecute comandos Selenese llamando los métodos respectivos de la variable del navegador. Por ejemplo, para llamar al método type del objeto Selenium:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) En segundo plano, el navegador realmente realizará una operación type, esencialmente idéntica a la entrada de un usuario escribiendo en el navegador, utilizando el localizador y la cadena que especificaste durante la llamada al método.\nReportando Resultados Selenium RC no tiene su propio mecanismo para reportar resultados. Más bien, te permite crear tus reportes personalizados según tus necesidades utilizando las funciones de tu lenguaje de programación elegido. Eso es genial, pero ¿y si simplemente quieres algo rápido que ya está hecho para ti? A menudo, una librería existente o un framework de prueba puede satisfacer tus necesidades más rápido que desarrollar tu propio código de reportes de prueba.\nHerramientas de Reportes del Framework de Prueba Los frameworks de prueba están disponibles para muchos lenguajes de programación. Estos, junto con su función principal de proporcionar un motor de prueba flexible para ejecutar tus pruebas, tambien incluyen código de librerías para reportar resultados. Por ejemplo, Java tiene dos frameworks de prueba de uso común, JUnit y TestNG. .NET también tiene el suyo, NUnit.\nAquí no enseñaremos los frameworks por sí mismos; eso está más allá del alcance de esta guía del usuario. Simplemente presentaremos las características del framework que se relacionan con Selenium junto con algunas técnicas que puedes aplicar. Hay buenos libros disponibles sobre estos frameworks prueba junto con su información en internet.\nLibrerías de Reportes de Pruebas También están disponibles las librerías de terceros creadas específicamente para generar los reportes de las pruebas en el lenguaje de programación elegido. Estos a menudo sportan una variedad de formatos como HTML o PDF.\nCuál Es El Mejor Enfoque? La mayoría de las personas cuando son nuevas en los frameworks de prueba comenzarán con las funciones de reporteria integradas en el framework. A partir de ahí, la mayoría examinará las librerías disponibles, ya que requiere menos tiempo que desarrollar una propia. Cuando comiences a usar Selenium, sin duda comenzarás a poner tus propias \u0026ldquo;declaraciones impresas\u0026rdquo; para reportar sobre el progreso. Eso puede llevarte gradualmente a desarrollar tus propios reportes, posiblemente en paralelo al uso de una librería o framework de prueba. De todos modos, después de la curva de aprendizaje inicial, naturalmente desarrollarás lo que funciona mejor para tu propia situación.\nEjemplos de Reportes de Pruebas Para ilustrarlte, te guiaremos a algunas herramientas específicas en algunos de los lenguajes soportados por Selenium. Los que se enumeran aquí son de uso común y los autores de esta guía los han usado ampliamente (y, por lo tanto, los recomiendan).\nReportes de Pruebas en Java   Si los casos de prueba de Selenium se desarrollan utilizando JUnit, se puede utilizar JUnit Report para generar reportes de prueba.\n  Si los casos de prueba de Selenium se desarrollan usando TestNG, entonces no se necesita ninguna tarea externa para generar reportes de prueba. El framework de TestNG genera un reporte HTML que enumera los detalles de las pruebas.\n  ReportNG es un complemento de reportes HTML para el framework de TestNG. Está destinado a reemplazar el reporte HTML predeterminado de TestNG. ReportNG proporciona una vista simple y codificada por colores de los resultados de las pruebas.\n  Registrar los Comandos Selenese  Logging Selenium se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de todos los comandos de Selenese en tu prueba junto con el resultado exitoso o no de cada uno. Logging Selenium extiende el controlador del cliente Java para agregar esta capacidad de registro de Selenese.  Reportes de Pruebas para Python  Al utilizar Python Client Driver, HTMLTestRunner se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de prueba.  Reportes de Pruebas para Ruby  Si el framework RSpec se utiliza para escribir los casos de prueba de Selenium en Ruby, entonces su reporte HTML se puede utilizar para generar un reporte de prueba.  Agregando Sabor a Tus Pruebas Ahora llegaremos a la razón de por que utilizar Selenium RC, agregando lógica de programación a tus pruebas. Es lo mismo que para cualquier programa. El flujo del programa se controla mediante declaraciones de condición e iteración. Además, puedes reportar la información de progreso mediante I/O. En esta sección mostraremos algunos ejemplos de cómo las construcciones del lenguaje de programación se pueden combinar con Selenium para resolver problemas comunes en las pruebas.\nEncontrarás que a medida que transicionas de pruebas simples como la existencia de elementos en una página, a pruebas de funcionalidad dinámica que involucran múltiples páginas web y datos variables, que vas a necesitar la lógica de programación para verificar los resultados esperados. Básicamente, Selenium-IDE no soporta declaraciones estándar de iteracion y de condición. Puede hacer algunas condiciones incrustando JavaScript en los parámetros Selenese, sin embargo la iteración es imposible, y la mayoría de las condiciones serán mucho más fáciles en un lenguaje de programación. Además, es posible que necesites manejo de excepciones para errores de recuperación. Por esta y otras razones, hemos escrito esta sección para ilustrar el uso de técnicas comunes de programación para brindarte mayor \u0026lsquo;poder de verificación\u0026rsquo; en tus pruebas automatizadas.\nLos ejemplos en esta sección están escritos en C # y Java, aunque el código es simple y se puede adaptar fácilmente otros lenguajes soportados. Si tienes algún conocimiento básico de un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos no deberías tener dificultades para comprender esta sección.\nIteración La iteración es una de las cosas más comunes que las personas necesitan hacer en sus pruebas. Por ejemplo, es posible que desees ejecutar una búsqueda varias veces. O tal vez para verificar los resultados de las pruebas debs procesar un \u0026ldquo;conjunto de resultados\u0026rdquo; retornado por una base de datos.\nUtilizando el mismo ejemplo anterior de la búsqueda en Google, vamos a verificar los resultados de la búsqueda de Selenium. Esta prueba podría usar Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     El código se ha repetido para ejecutar 3 veces los mismos pasos. Pero varias copias del mismo código no es una buena práctica de programacion ya que es más difícil de mantener. Al usar un lenguaje de programación, podemos iterar sobre los resultados de las búsquedas para obtener una solución más flexible y fácil de mantener.\nEn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Declaraciones de Condición Para ilustrar el uso de condiciones en las pruebas comenzaremos con un ejemplo. Un problema común encontrado al ejecutar las pruebas de Selenium ocurre cuando un elemento esperado no está disponible en la página. Por ejemplo, al ejecutar la siguiente línea:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); Si el elemento \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; no está en la pagina entonces se lanza una excepción:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found Esto puede hacer que tu prueba sea abortada. Para algunas pruebas eso es lo que quieres. Pero a menudo eso no es deseable ya que tu script de prueba tiene que ejecutar posteriormente muchas otras pruebas.\nUn mejor enfoque es validar primero si el elemento está realmente presente y luego tomar alternativas cuando no lo está. Observemos esto utilizando Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } La ventaja de este enfoque es que continua con la ejecución de la prueba, incluso si algunos elementos de la interfaz de usuario no están disponibles en la página.\nEjecutando JavaScript Desde tus Pruebas JavaScript es muy útil para utilizar una aplicación que no es directamente compatible con Selenium. El método getEval de Selenium API se puede utilizar para ejecutar JavaScript desde Selenium RC.\nConsidera una aplicación que tiene casillas de verificación sin identificadores estáticos. En este caso, uno podría evaluar JavaScript desde Selenium RC para obtener los identificadores de todas las casillas de verificación y luego utilizarles.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } Para contar el número de imágenes en una página:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Recuerde usar un objeto window en caso de expresiones DOM ya que por defecto se hace referencia a la ventana de Selenium, no a la ventana de prueba.\nOpciones del Servidor Cuando se inicia el servidor,se pueden utilizar opciones de línea de comando para cambiar el comportamiento predeterminado del servidor.\nRecuerda, el servidor se inicia ejecutando lo siguiente.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h Verás una lista de todas las opciones que puedes utilizar con el servidor y un breve descripción de cada una. Las descripciones proporcionadas no siempre serán suficientes, así que hemos proporcionado explicaciones para algunas de las opciones más importantes.\nConfiguración del Proxy Si tu AUT está detrás de un proxy HTTP que requiere autenticación, entonces deberías configurar http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser y http.proxyPassword usando el siguiente comando.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Modo Multi-Window Si estás utilizando Selenium 1.0, probablemente puedas omitir esta sección, ya que el modo de ventanas múltiples es el comportamiento predeterminado. Sin embargo, antes de la versión 1.0, Selenium ejecutaba la aplicación bajo prueba en un sub-marco como se muestra aquí:\nAlgunas aplicaciones no se ejecutaban correctamente en un sub-marcoo y debían ser cargadas en el marco superior de la ventana. La opción modo de ventana múltiple permitia al AUT ejecutarse en una ventana separada en lugar de en el marco predeterminado donde entonces podía tener el marco superior requerido.\nPara versiones anteriores de Selenium, debes especificar explícitamente el modo de ventanas múltiples con la siguiente opción:\n-multiwindow A partir de Selenium RC 1.0, si deseas ejecutar tu prueba dentro de un marco único (es decir, utilizando el estándar para versiones anteriores de Selenium) puedes indicar esto al servidor Selenium utilizando la opción\n-singlewindow Especificando el Perfil de Firefox Firefox no ejecutará dos instancias simultáneamente a menos que especifiques un perfil separado para cada instancia. Selenium RC 1.0 y posteriores se ejecutan en un perfil separado automáticamente, por lo que si estás utilizando Selenium 1.0, probablemente puedes omitir esta sección. Sin embargo, si estás utilizando una versión anterior de Selenium o si necesitas usar un perfil específico para tus pruebas (como agregar un certificado https o tener algunos complementos instalados), necesitas especificar explícitamente el perfil.\nPrimero, para crear un perfil separado de Firefox, sigue este procedimiento. Abre el menú Inicio de Windows, seleccione \u0026ldquo;Ejecutar\u0026rdquo;, luego escriba e ingrese uno de los siguientes:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Crea el nuevo perfil utilizando el cuadro de diálogo. Luego, cuando ejecutes Selenium Server, especificale que use este nuevo perfil de Firefox con la opción de línea de comandos del servidor -firefoxProfileTemplate y especifique la ruta del perfil utilizando el nombre del archivo y la ruta del directorio.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;ruta del perfil\u0026#34; Advertencia: Asegúrate de poner tu perfil en una nueva carpeta separada de la predeterminada. La herramienta de administrador de perfiles de Firefox eliminará todos los archivos de una carpeta si eliminas un perfil, independientemente de si son archivos de perfil o no.\nPuedes encontrar más información sobre los perfiles de Firefox en la Base de conocimiento de Mozilla\nEjecuta Selenese Directamente Dentro del Servidor Utilizando -htmlSuite Puedes ejecutar archivos html de Selenese directamente dentro del servidor Selenium pasando el archivo html a la línea de comandso del servidor. Por ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; Esto iniciará automáticamente tu suite HTML, ejecutará todas las pruebas y guardará un bonito reporte HTML con los resultados.\nNota: Al usar esta opción, el servidor comenzará las pruebas y esperará un número especificado de segundos a que la prueba se complete; si la prueba no se completa dentro de ese período de tiempo, el comando saldrá con un código distinto de cero y no se generará ningún reporte de resultados.\nEsta línea de comandos es muy larga, así que ten cuidado cuando la escribas. Ten en cuenta que esto requiere que pases una suite HTML Selenese, no una sola prueba. También ten en cuenta que la opción -htmlSuite es incompatible con -interactive No puedes ejecutar ambas al mismo tiempo.\nRegistros de Selenium Server Registros del Lado del servidor Al iniciar el servidor de Selenium, la opción -log puede usarse para grabar informaciónes valiosas de depuración reportadas por el servidor Selenium a un archivo de texto.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log Este archivo de registro es más detallado que los registros de consola estándar(incluye mensajes de registro de nivel DEBUG). El archivo de registro también incluye el nombre del registrador y la ID del número del hilo que registró el mensaje. Por ejemplo:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW El formato del mensaje es\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE Este mensaje puede ser de multiples lineas.\nRegistros del Lado del Navegador JavaScript en el lado del navegador (Selenium Core) también registra mensajes importantes; en muchos casos, estos pueden ser más útiles para el usuario final que los registros normales de Selenium Server. Para acceder a los registros del lado del navegador, pase el argumento -browserSideLog al servidor Selenium.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog debe combinarse con el argumento -log, para registrar browserSideLogs (así como todos los demás mensajes de registro de nivel DEBUG) en un archivo.\nEspecificando la Ruta a un Navegador Específico Puede especificarle a Selenium RC una ruta a un navegador específico. Esto es útil si tienes diferentes versiones del mismo navegador y deseas utilizar una en específico. Además, esto se utiliza para permitir que tus pruebas se ejecuten en un navegador no directamente apoyado por Selenium RC. Al especificar el modo de ejecución, use el especificador *custom seguido de la ruta completa al ejecutable del navegador:\n*custom \u0026lt;ruta al navegador\u0026gt; Arquitectura de Selenium RC Nota: Este tema trata de explicar la implementación técnica detrás de Selenium RC. No es fundamental para un usuario de Selenium saber esto, pero podría ser útil para comprender algunos de los problemas que pueda encontrar en el futuro.\nPara comprender en detalle cómo funciona Selenium RC Server y por qué utiliza la inyección proxy y modos aumentados de privilegios, primero debes entender la politica del mismo origen_.\nLa Política del Mismo Origen La principal restricción que enfrenta Selenium es la politica del mismo origen. Todos los navegadores en el mercado aplican esta restricción de seguridad y su objetivo es asegurar que el contenido de un sitio nunca sera accesible por un script desde otro sitio. La Política del Mismo Origen dicta que cualquier código cargado dentro de un navegador solo puede operar dentro del dominio de ese sitio web. No puede realizar funciones en otro sitio web. Entonces, por ejemplo, si el navegador carga el código JavaScript cuando carga www.mysite.com, no puede ejecutar ese código cargado contra www.mysite2.com, incluso si ese es otro de tus sitios. Si esto fuera posible, un script colocado en cualquier sitio web que abras podría leer información sobre tu cuenta bancaria si tuviera la página de la cuenta abierta en otra pestaña. Esto se llama XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nPara trabajar dentro de esta política, Selenium-Core (y sus comandos JavaScript que hacen que ocurra toda la magia) debe colocarse en el mismo origen que la Aplicación Bajo prueba (misma URL).\nHistóricamente, Selenium-Core estaba limitado por este problema ya que se implementó en JavaScript Sin embargo, Selenium RC no está restringido por la Política del Mismo Origen. Su uso de Selenium Server como proxy evita este problema. Esencialmente, le dice al navegador quq está trabajando en un único sitio web \u0026ldquo;falso\u0026rdquo; que el servidor proporciona.\nNota: Puedes encontrar información adicional sobre este tema en paginas Wikipedia sobre la Política del mismo origen y XSS.\nInyección de Proxy El primer método utilizado por Selenium para evitar la Política del Mismo Origen fue la Inyección de Proxy. En el modo de inyección de proxy, el servidor Selenium actúa como un proxy HTTP configurado por el cliente1, que se encuentra entre el navegador y la aplicación bajo prueba 2. Luego enmascara el AUT bajo una URL ficticia (incrustando Selenium- Core y el conjunto de pruebas y entregandolas como si vinieran del mismo origen).\nAquí hay un diagrama arquitectónico.\nCuando comienza un conjunto de pruebas en tu lenguaje favorito, sucede lo siguiente:\n El cliente/controlador establece una conexión con el servidor selenium-RC. El servidor Selenium RC inicia un navegador (o reutiliza uno antiguo) con una URL que inyecta el JavaScript de Selenium-Core en la página webcargada por el navegador. El controlador de cliente pasa un comando Selenese al servidor. El servidor interpreta el comando y luego activa la ejecucion JavaScript correspondiente para ejecutar ese comando dentro del navegador. Selenium-Core indica al navegador que actúe según esa primera instrucción, normalmente abriendo una página del AUT. El navegador recibe la solicitud abierta y solicita el contenido proxy HTTP para que lo use el navegador). El servidor Selenium RC se comunica con el servidor web solicitando la página y una vez lo recibe, envía la página al navegador enmascarando el origen para buscar como si la página viniera del mismo servidor que Selenium-Core (esto permite a Selenium-Core cumplir con la Política del mismo origen). El navegador recibe la página web y la muestra en el marco/ventana reservada para ello.  Navegadores con Privilegios Aumentados Este flujo de trabajo en este método es muy similar a la Inyección de Proxy pero la principal diferencia es que los navegadores se inician en un modo especial llamado Privilegios Aumentados, que permite a los sitios web hacer cosas que normalmente no están permitidas (como hacer XSS_ o llenar entradas de carga de archivos y cosas bastante útiles para Selenium). Al usar estos modos de navegador, Selenium Core puede abrir directamente el AUT y leer/interactúar con su contenido sin tener que pasar todo el AUT a través del servidor Selenium RC.\nAquí hay un diagrama arquitectónico.\nCuando comienza un conjunto de pruebas en tu lenguaje favorito, sucede lo siguiente:\n El cliente/controlador establece una conexión con el servidor Selenium-RC. El servidor Selenium RC inicia un navegador (o reutiliza uno antiguo) conuna URL eso cargará Selenium-Core en la página web. Selenium-Core obtiene la primera instrucción del cliente/controlador (a través de otra solicitud HTTP realizada al servidor Selenium RC) Selenium-Core actúa en esa primera instrucción, generalmente abriendo una página del AUT. El navegador recibe la solicitud de apertura y le pide al servidor web página. Una vez que el navegador recibe la página web, la muestra en el marco/ventana reservada para ello.  Manejo de HTTPS y Ventanas Emergentes de Seguridad Muchas aplicaciones cambian de HTTP a usar HTTPS cuando necesitan enviar información encriptada como contraseñas o informaciónes de tarjetas de crédito. Esto es común con muchas de las aplicaciones web actuales. Selenium RC apoya esto.\nPara garantizar que el sitio HTTPS sea genuino, el navegador necesitará un certificado de seguridad .De lo contrario, cuando el navegador acceda al AUT usando HTTPS, lo hará suponiendo que la aplicación no es \u0026ldquo;confiable\u0026rdquo;. Cuando esto ocurre, el navegador muestra ventanas emergentes de seguridad, y estas ventanas emergentes no se pueden cerrar con Selenium RC.\nCuando se trata de HTTPS en una prueba de Selenium RC, debes usar un modo de ejecución que lo admita y maneje el certificado de seguridad por ti. Especificas el modo de ejecución cuando tu programa de prueba inicializa Selenium.\nEn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 y posteriores, utiliza *firefox o *iexplore para el modo de ejecución. En versiones anteriores, incluida Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, utiliza *chrome o *iehta, para el modo de ejecución. Con estos modos de ejecución, no necesitarás instalar ningun certificado de seguridad especial; Selenium RC lo manejará por ti.\nEn la versión 1.0, los modos de ejecución *firefox o *iexplore son recomendados. Sin embargo, hay modos de ejecución adicionales de *iexploreproxy y *firefoxproxy. Estos se proporcionan solo para compatibilidad con versiones anteriores, y no deben usarse a menos que lo requieran los programas de prueba heredados. Su uso lo presentará limitaciones con el manejo del certificado de seguridad y con la ejecución de varias ventanas si tu aplicación abre ventanas adicionales del navegador.\nEn versiones anteriores de Selenium RC, *chrome o *iehta eran los modos de ejecución que soportaban HTTPS y el manejo de ventanas de seguridad emergentes. Estos fueron considerados modos ‘experimentales aunque se volvieron bastante estables y muchas personas los usaron. Si estas usando Selenium 1.0 no necesitas, y no debes usar, estos modos de ejecución más antiguos.\nCertificados de Seguridad Explicados Normalmente, tu navegador confiará en la aplicación que está probando instalando un certificado de seguridad que ya posee. Puedes verificar esto en las opciones de tu navegador o en las propiedades de Internet (si no conoces el certificado de seguridad de tu AUT, consulta al administrador del sistema). Cuando Selenium carga tu navegador, inyecta código para interceptar mensajes entre el navegador y el servidor. El navegador ahora piensa el software no confiable está tratando de parecerse a su aplicación. Responde alertándote con ventanas emergentes.\nPara evitar esto, Selenium RC, (nuevamente cuando se utiliza un modo de ejecución que permite esto) instalará su propio certificado de seguridad, temporalmente, en tu máquina cliente en un lugar donde el navegador pueda acceder a ella. Esto engaña al navegador haciendole creer que está accediendo a un sitio diferente de su AUT y suprime efectivamente las ventanas emergentes.\nOtro método utilizado con versiones anteriores de Selenium era instalar el certificado de seguridad de Cybervillians incluido con tu instalación de Selenium. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los usuarios ya no deberían de necesitar hacer esto; si estas ejecutando Selenium RC en modo de inyección proxy, es posible que debas instalar explícitamente este certificado de seguridad.\nSoportando Navegadores y Configuraciones de Navegador Adicionales La API de Selenium permite la ejecución en múltiples navegadores además de Internet Explorer y Mozilla Firefox. Consulta el sitio web https://selenium.dev para ver los navegadores compatibles. Además, cuando un navegador no es directamente compatible, aún puede ejecutar tus pruebas de Selenium en un navegador de tu elección usando el modo de ejecución \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; (es decir, en lugar de *firefox o *iexplore) cuando tu aplicación de prueba inicia el navegador. Con esto,pasas la ruta a los navegadores ejecutables dentro de la llamada al API. Esto también se puede hacer desde el Servidor en modo interactivo.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Ejecución de Pruebas con Diferentes Configuraciones de Navegador Normalmente, Selenium RC configura automáticamente el navegador, pero si inicias el navegador que utilizando modo de ejecución \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;, puedes forzar a Selenium RC a iniciar el navegador tal cual, sin usar una configuración automática.\nPor ejemplo, puedes iniciar Firefox con una configuración personalizada como esta:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Ten en cuenta que al iniciar el navegador de esta manera, debes configurar el navegador para que use el servidor Selenium como un proxy. Normalmente esto solo significa abrir las preferencias del navegador y especificar \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; como un proxy HTTP, pero las instrucciones para esto pueden diferir radicalmente de un navegador a otro. Consulte la documentación de tu navegador para más detalles.\nTen en cuenta que los navegadores Mozilla pueden variar en cómo se inician y se detienen. Es posible que sea necesario configurar la variable de entorno MOZ_NO_REMOTE para hacer que los navegadores Mozilla se comporten un poco más previsiblemente. Los usuarios de Unix deben evitar iniciar el navegador usando un script de shell; generalmente es mejor usar el ejecutable binario (por ejemplo, firefox-bin) directamente.\nSolucionando Problemas Comunes Al comenzar con Selenium RC, potencialmente hay algunos problemas que comúnmente se pueden encontrar. Aquí los presentamos junto con sus soluciones .\nIncapaz de Conectarse al Servidor Cuando tu programa de prueba no puede conectarse al servidor Selenium, Selenium lanza una excepción en tu programa de prueba. Debería mostrar este mensaje o uno similar:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) Si ves un mensaje como este, asegúrate de haber iniciado Selenium Server. Si es asi, entonces hay un problema con la conectividad entre la Librería Selenium Client y el servidor Selenium.\nAl comenzar con Selenium RC, la mayoría de las personas comienzan ejecutando su programa de prueba (con una Librería Cliente de Selenium) y el servidor Selenium en la misma máquina. Para hacer esto utiliza \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; como parámetro de conexión. Recomendamos comenzar de esta manera, ya que reduce la influencia de posibles problemas de red ya que estás empezando. Asumiendo que tu sistema operativo tiene una red típica y la configuración de TCP/IP debería tener poca dificultad. En verdad, mucha gente elige ejecutar las pruebas de esta manera.\nSin embargo, si desea ejecutar Selenium Server en una máquina remota, la conectividad debería estar bien suponiendo que tenga una conectividad TCP/IP válida entre las dos máquinas.\nSi tiene dificultades para conectarse, puedes usar herramientas de red comunes como ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc. para garantizar que tenga una conexión de red. Si no estás familiarizado con estos, el administrador del sistema puede ayudarte.\nIncapaz de Cargar el Navegador Ok, no es un mensaje de error amigable, lo siento, pero si el servidor Selenium no puede cargar el navegador es probable que veas este error.\n(500) Internal Server Error Esto podria ser causado por\n Firefox (anterior a Selenium 1.0) no puede iniciarse porque el navegador ya está abierto y no espicificaste un perfil separado. Consulte la sección sobre perfiles de Firefox en Opciones del Servidor. El modo de ejecución que está utilizando no coincide con ningún navegador en su máquina. Comprueba los parámetros que pasó a Selenium cuando tu programa abre el navegador. Espicificaste la ruta al navegador explícitamente (usando \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; -ver arriba) pero la ruta es incorrecta. Verifique que la ruta sea correcta.Tambien comprueba el grupo de usuarios para asegurarte de que no haya ningun problema conocids con tu navegador y los parámetros \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;.  Selenium no Puede Encontrar el AUT Si tu programa de prueba inicia el navegador con éxito, pero el navegador no muestra el sitio web que está probando, la causa más probable es que tu programa de prueba no está utilizando la URL correcta.\nEsto puede suceder fácilmente. Cuando uitlizas Selenium-IDE para exportar tu script, este inserta una URL ficticia. Debes cambiar manualmente la URL a la correcta para que tu aplicación sea probada.\nFirefox Rechazó Apagarse Mientras Preparaba un Perfil Esto ocurre con mayor frecuencia cuando ejecutas tu programa de pruebas de Selenium RC contra Firefox, pero ya tienes una sesión del navegador Firefox ejecutándose y no especificaste un perfil separado cuando inició el servidor Selenium. El error del programa de prueba se parece a esto:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Aqui está el error completo del servidor:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock Para resolver esto, ve a la sección Especificando el Perfil de Firefox\nProblemas de Versionamiento Asegúrate de que tu versión de Selenium sea compatible con la versión de tu navegador. Por ejemplo, Selenium RC 0.92 no es compatible con Firefox 3. A veces puedes ser afortunado (Yo lo era). Pero no olvides comprobar qué las versiones del navegador son compatibles con la versión de Selenium que estás utilizando. Cuando estes en duda, utiliza la última versión de lanzamiento de Selenium con la versión más utilizada de su navegador\nMensaje de Error: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; Iniciando el Servidor Este error dice que no estás utilizando una versión correcta de Java. El servidor Selenium requiere Java 1.5 ó superior.\nPara verificar tu versión de Java, ejecuta esto desde la línea de comandos.\njava -version Deberias ver un mensaje mostrando la version de Java.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) Si ves un número de versión inferior, es posible que debas actualizar el JRE, o simplemente necesitas agregarlo a tu variable de entorno PATH.\nError 404 ejecutando el comando getNewBrowserSession Si recibes un error 404 al intentar abrir una página en \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, entonces debe ser porque el Selenium Server no se configuró correctamente como proxy. El directorio “selenium-server” no existe en google.com; solo parece existir cuando el proxy es debidamente configurado. La configuración del proxy depende en gran medida de cómo es lanzado el navegador con Firefox, iexplore, Opera o custom.\n  iexplore: si el navegador se inicia usando *iexplore, podrías tener un problema con la configuración del proxy de Internet Explorer. Selenium Server intenta configurar la configuración global del proxy en el Panel de Control de Opciones de Internet. Debes asegurarte de que estén correctamente configurados cuando Selenium Server inicia el navegador. Intenta mirar en tu panel de control de Opciones de Internet. Haz clic en la pestaña \u0026ldquo;Conexiones\u0026rdquo; y haz clic en \u0026ldquo;Configuración de LAN\u0026rdquo;.\n Si necesitas usar un proxy para acceder a la aplicación que deseas probar, deberás iniciar Selenium Server con \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; consulta la Configuración de proxy_ para obtener más detalles. También puedes intentar configurar tu proxy manualmente y luego iniciar el navegador con *custom, o con el lanzador de navegadores *iehta.    custom: cuando se usa *custom, debes configurar el proxy correctamente (manualmente), de lo contrario, obtendrás un error 404. Verifica que hayas configuraste tus ajustes de proxy correctamente. Para verificar si se ha configurado el proxy correctamente intenta configurar intencionalmente el navegador de manera incorrecta. Intenta configurar el navegador para utilizar el nombre de host del servidor proxy incorrecto o el puerto incorrecto. Si configuraste correctamente la configuración del proxy incorrecto del navegador, entonces el navegador no podrá conectarse a Internet, lo que es una de las formas de asegurarse de que uno está ajustando las configuraciones relevantes.\n  Para otros navegadores (*firefox, *opera) automáticamente codificamos el proxy por ti, por lo que no hay problemas conocidos con esta funcionalidad. Si encuentras errores 404 y has seguido cuidadosamente esta guía del usuario publica tus resultados en el grupo de usuarios para obtener ayuda de la comunidad de usuarios.\n  Error Permiso Denegado La razón más común para este error es que tu sesión intenta violar la política del mismo origen al cruzar los límites del dominio (por ejemplo, accede a una página desde http://dominio1 y luego accede a una página desde http://dominio2) o al cambiar de protocolos (pasar de http://dominioX a https:// dominioX).\nEste error también puede ocurrir cuando JavaScript intenta encontrar objetos de la IU que aún no están disponibles (antes de que la página haya cargado completamente), o ya no están disponibles (después de que la página ha comenzado a descargarse). Esto se encuentra con mayor frecuencia con páginas AJAX que trabajan con secciones de una página o subtramas que se cargan y/o recargan independientemente de la página.\nEste error puede ser intermitente. A menudo es imposible reproducir el problema con un depurador porque el problema surge por condiciones de carrera que no son reproducibles cuando la sobrecarga del depurador se agrega al sistema. Problemas de permisos están cubiertos con algún detalle en el tutorial. Lee la sección sobre la La Politica del Mismo Origen_, y tambien la sección Inyección de proxy_ cuidadosamente.\nManejo de Ventanas Emergentes del Navegador Hay varios tipos de \u0026ldquo;ventanas emergentes\u0026rdquo; que puedse obtener durante una prueba de Selenium. Es posible que no puedas cerrar estas ventanas emergentes ejecutando comandos de Selenium si son iniciados por el navegador y no por tu AUT. Puedes necesitar saber cómo gestionarlos. Cada tipo de ventana emergente debe abordarse de manera diferente.\n  Diálogos de autenticación básica HTTP: estos diálogos solicitan un nombre de usuario/contraseña para iniciar sesión en el sitio. Para iniciar sesión en un sitio que requiere autenticación HTTP básica, use un nombre de usuario y contraseña en la URL, como esta descrito en RFC 1738_, así: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  Advertencias del certificado SSL: Selenium RC intenta falsificar automáticamente los certificados SSL cuando está habilitado como proxy; ver más sobre esto en la sección sobre HTTPS. Si tu navegador está configurado correctamente, nunca deberías ver las advertencias del certificado SSL, pero es posible que debas configursr tu navegador para confiar en nuestra autoridad peligrosa de certificado SSL \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo;. Nuevamente, consulte la sección HTTPS para saber cómo hacer esto.\n  cuadros de diálogo de alerta/confirmación/aviso modal de JavaScript: Selenium intenta ocultarte esos diálogos (reemplazando window.alert, window.confirm y window.prompt) para que no detengan la ejecución de tu página. Si ves una ventana de alerta emergente, probablemente se deba a que se disparó durante el proceso de carga de la página, que suele ser demasiado pronto para que podamos proteger la página. Selenese contiene comandos para afirmar o verificar alertas y ventanas emergentes de confirmación. Ver las secciones sobre estos temas en el Capítulo 4.\n  En Linux, ¿por qué no se cierra la sesión de mi navegador Firefox? En Unix/Linux debes invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directamente, así que asegúrate de que el ejecutable está en la ruta. Si ejecutas Firefox a través de un script de shell, cuando llega el momento de matar el navegador Selenium RC matará el script de shell, dejando el navegador en ejecución. Puedes especificar la ruta a firefox-bin directamente, de esta forma.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome no funciona con un perfil personalizado Verifica el folder del perfil Firefox -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comenta esta linea de esta forma: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; e intenta de nuevo.\nEstá bien cargar una ventana emergente personalizada mientras se carga la página principal (es decir, antes de que se ejecute la función JavaScript window.onload() de la página principal)? No. Selenium depende de los interceptores para determinar los nombres de las ventanas a medida que se cargan. Estos interceptores funcionan mejor en la captura de nuevas ventanas si las ventanas se cargan DESPUÉS la función onload(). Selenium pueda que no reconozca ventanas cargadas antes de la función onload.\nFirefox en Linux En Unix/Linux, las versiones de Selenium anteriores a la 1.0 necesitaban invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directamente, por lo que si estás utilizando una versión anterior, asegúrate de que el ejecutable verdadero está en la ruta.\nEn la mayoría de las distribuciones de Linux, el verdadero firefox-bin se encuentra en:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Donde x.x.x es el número de la versión que tiene actualmente. Entonces, para agregar esa ruta a la ruta del usuario, deberás agregar lo siguiente a tu archivo .bashrc:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; Si es necesario, puedes especificar la ruta a firefox-bin directamente en tu prueba, de esta forma:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE y Atributos de Estilo Si estás ejecutando tus pruebas en Internet Explorer y no puedes localizar elementos que usan tu atributo style. Por ejemplo:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] Esto funcionaría perfectamente en Firefox, Opera o Safari pero no con IE. IE interpreta las teclas en @style como mayúsculas. Entonces, incluso si el código fuente está en minúsculas, debes usar:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] Esto es un problema si tu prueba está diseñada para funcionar en múltiples navegadores, pero puedes codificar fácilmente tu prueba para detectar la situación y probar el localizador alternativo que solo funciona en IE.\nError encontrado - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; con el apagado del navegador *googlechrome Para evitar este error, debes iniciar el navegador con una opción que deshabilite las mismas verificaciones de políticas de origen:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encontrado en IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; Para evitar este error, debes configurar el navegador: desactiva el bloqueador de ventanas emergentes Y desmarque la opción \u0026lsquo;Habilitar modo protegido\u0026rsquo; en Herramientas \u0026raquo; Opciones \u0026raquo; Seguridad.\n  El proxy es una tercera persona situada en el medio que pasa la pelota entre las dos partes. Actúa como un \u0026ldquo;servidor web\u0026rdquo; que entrega el AUT al navegador. Ser un proxy le da al Selenium Server la capacidad de \u0026ldquo;mentir\u0026rdquo; sobre la URL real del AUT. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n El navegador se inicia con un perfil de configuración que establece localhost:4444 como el proxy HTTP, es por eso que cualquier solicitud HTTP que haga el navegador pasará a través del servidor Selenium y la respuesta pasará a través de él y no desde el servidor real. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Con el fin de crear una nueva sesión del WebDriver de Selenium, la parte local debe proveer las capacidades(capabilities) básicas a la parte remota. La parte remota usa el mismo conjunto de capacidades para crear una sesión y describir las funcionalidades de la sesión actual.\nEl WebDriver proporciona unas capacidades que cada parte remota debe apoyar en su implementación. Las siguientes capacidades son las que el WebDriver soporta:\nbrowserName: Esta capacidad es usada para fijar el browserName(nombre del navegador) para una sesión dada. Si el navegador especificado no esta instado en la parte remota, la creación la sesión fallará.\nbrowserVersion: Esta capacidad es opcional, es usada para fijar la versión disponible del navegador en la parte remota. Por ejemplo, si preguntamos por una versión 75 de Chrome en un sistema que solo tiene instalada la versión 80 instalada, la creación de la sesión fallará.\npageLoadStrategy: Cuando navegamos a una nueva pagina vía URL, por defecto Selenium esperará hasta que la pagina este cargada completamente antes de responder. Esto funciona bien para principiantes, pero puede causar largos tiempos de espera en paginas que cargan una gran cantidad de recursos externos. Usando alguna de las estrategias que no están especificadas por defecto puedes hacer que tus tests se ejecuten mas rápidamente pero también podrías llegar a introducir problemas de fiabilidad donde los elementos de la pagina cambian de posición según estos elementos van cargando.\nLa estrategia de carga de las paginas consulta el atributo document.readyState como se describe en la tabla siguiente:\n   Estrategia Estado Atributo Ready Notas     normal complete Usado por defecto, espera a que todos los recursos se descarguen   eager interactive Acceso al DOM esta listo, pero los otros recursos como imágenes pueden estar cargando   none Any No bloquea al WebDriver en absoluto    platformName Esto es usado para identificar el sistema operativo en la parte remota, buscar la capacidad platformName devuelve el sistema operativo.\nEn proveedores basados en la nube, fijar la capacidad platformName permite definir el sistema operativo de la parte remota.\nacceptInsecureCerts Esta capacidad comprueba si un certificado TLS ha vencido o es invalido esta siendo usado para navegar durante una sesión.\nSi esta capacidad esta fijada a false, un error de certificado inseguro sera devuelto cuando la navegación encuentre cualquier dominio con problemas de certificado. Si se fija a true, los certificados inválidos serán confiados por el navegador\nTodos los certificados auto-firmados serán confiables por esta capacidad por defecto. Una vez. Una vez fijado la capacidad acceptInsecureCerts tendrá efecto durante la sesión entera.\nTimeouts de sesión Una sesión del WebDriver es impuesta con un cierto intervalo de timeout de sesión durante el cual el usuario puede controlar el comportamiento de ejecutar scripts o recuperar información del navegador.\nCada timeout de sesión es configurado con una combinación diferente de timeouts como se describe a continuación:\nTimeout de script (Script Timeout): Especifica cuando interrumpir un script en ejecución en el contexto actual del navegador. Por defecto esta configurado a 30,000 cuando una nueva sesión es creada por el WebDriver.\nTimeout de tiempo de carga (Page Load Timeout): Especifica el intervalo de tiempo en el cual una pagina de web necesita ser cargada en el contexto actual del navegador. El timeout por defecto es de 300,000 para las nuevas sesiones creadas por el WebDriver. Si el tiempo de carga excede el limite marcado, el script será parado por una excepción del tipo TimeoutException.\nTimeout de esperas implicitas (Implicit Wait Timeout): Esto especifica el tiempo de espera para la estrategia de localización de elementos implicita. Por defecto el timeout es de 0, este es impuesto cuando se crea una nueva sesión a través del WebDriver.\nGestionar el comportamiento de las popups Prompt (unhandledPromptBehavior) Especifica la forma en la que el usuario puede manejar las popups prompt (user prompt handler) en la sesión actual. El valor predeterminado es dismiss and notify state\nManejo de las popups Prompt (User Prompt Handler) Esto define que acción se debe tomar cuando aparece una ventana prompt en la parte remota. Es definida por la capacidad unhandledPromptBehavior y tiene los siguientes estados:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Capacidades específicas de los Drivers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Define las capacidades usando FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions es la nueva forma de definir capacidades para el navegador Firefox y debe de ser usado de manera general antes que DesriredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Fijando un perfil a medida Es posible crear perfiles a medida para Firefox, como se puede ver a continuación.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer Timeout ventana de selección de archivos (fileUploadDialogTimeout) En algunos entornos, Internet Explorer puede devolver un timeout cuando se abra una ventana de selección de archivos (file upload dialog). Por defecto el IEDriver tiene un timeout de 1000ms, pero puedes incrementarlo usando la capacidad fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando tu propio Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para usar Selenium Grid, necesitas mantener tu propia infraestructura para los nodos. Como esto puede suponer un engorro y suponer un gran esfuerzo de tiempo, muchas organizaciones usan proveedores de IaaS (Infraestructura como servicio) como Amazon EC2 y Google Compute para proveer esta infraestructura.\nOtras opciones incluyen usar proveedores como Sauce Labs or Testing Bot los cuales proveen Selenium Grid como servicio en la nueve. Ciertamente, también es posible ejecutar los nodos en tu propio hardware. Esta capitulo abordara en detalle la opción de ejecutar tu propio Grid completo con su propia infraestructura de nodos.\nInicio rápido Este ejemplo te enseñará como poner en marcha el Grid Hub de Selenium 2 y registrar un nodo WebDriver y un nodo heredado de Selenium 1 RC. También te enseñaremos como llamar al Grid desde Java. El hub y los nodos se muestran aquí ejecutándose en la misma maquina, pero por supuesto puedes copiar selenium-server-standalone en múltiples maquinas.\nEl paquete de selenium-server-standalone incluye el hub, el WebDriver y el servidor RC heredado necesarios para ejecutar el Grid, ant ya no es necesario. Puedes descargar selenium-server-standalone.jar desde https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nPaso 1: Iniciar el Hub El Hub es el punto central que recibirá las peticiones de los tests y las distribuirá a los nodos adecuados. La distribución se hace en función capacidades, esto significa que un test que necesite un conjunto de capacidades solo sera distribuido a los nodos que ofrezcan ese conjunto o subconjunto de capacidades.\nDebido a que las capacidades deseadas de una prueba son justo lo que el nombre implica deseadas, el hub no garantiza que se localice un nodo que coincida completamente con el conjunto de capacidades deseadas.\nAbre una ventana de navegación y navega hasta el directorio donde tienes copiado el archivo selenium-server-standalone.jar. Puedes iniciar el hub pasandole el parámetro -role hub al servidor standalone.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub El hub escuchará al puerto 4444 por defecto. Puedes ver el estado del hub abriendo una ventana del navegador y navegando a http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPara cambiar el puerto por defecto, puedes añadir el parámetro opcional -port asignándole un valor entero que representará el puerto a escuchar cuando se ejecute el comando. Ademas todas las otras opciones que puedes observar en el archivo de configuración JSON (mostrado a continuación) son posibles parámetros vía linea de comandos.\nCiertamente puedes trabajar solo con el comando simple que se muestra arriba, pero si necesitases una configuración mas avanzada podrías especificarla en un archivo de configuración JSON para configurar el hub con su arranque. Puedes hacerlo tal que así.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug A continuación puedes ver un ejemplo de un archivo hubConfig.json. Iremos mas en detalle sobre como proveer archivos de configuración a los nodos en el paso 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Paso 2: Iniciar los nodos Independientemente de si quieres ejecutar un Grid con una nueva funcionalidad del WebDriver, un Grid con funcionalidades de Selenium 1 RC, o ambas al mismo tiempo se usa el mismo archivo selenium-server-standalone.jar para arrancar los nodos.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Si no se especifica un puerto a través del parámetro -port se elegirá un puerto libre. Puedes ejecutar múltiples nodos en una maquina pero si lo haces tienes que tener en cuenta los recursos de memoria de tus sistemas y de los problemas con las capturas de pantalla si tus tests las realizan.\nConfiguración de un nodo con opciones Como hemos mencionado, para disponer de compatibilidad con las versiones anteriores los roles \u0026ldquo;wd\u0026rdquo; y \u0026ldquo;rc\u0026rdquo; todavía son un subconjunto valido del rol en los \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo;. Pero estos roles limitan el tipo de conexiones remotas a sus correspondientes APIs, mientras que el rol \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo; permite conexiones remotas a ambos el RC y al WebDriver.\nPasar propiedades de la JVM (como usar el parámetro -D antes del argumento -jar) vía linea de comando permitirá a las nodos recoger y propagar estos parámetros.\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfigurando un nodo via JSON Tambien se pueden ejecutar nodos que hayan sido configurados via archivos de configuración JSON.\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json Este es un ejemplo de archivo nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Una nota sobre el parametro -host:\nPara ambos el hub y el nodo, si no se especifica el parámetro -host se usará por defecto la IP 0.0.0.0. Este se unirá a todos los interfaces IPv4 públicos (sin loopback) de la maquina. Si tienes alguna configuración de red especial o algún componente que utilice interfaces de red extra es recomendado fijar el parámetro -host con un valor que permita que el hub o los nodos sean accesibles desde maquinas diferentes.\nEspecificando el puerto El puerto TCP/IP por defecto usado por el hub es el 4444. Si necesitas cambiar el puerto por favor usa las configuraciones mencionadas arriba.\nSolución de problemas Usando un archivo log Para resolución de problemas avanzados puedes especificar un archivo de log que almacene los mensajes del sistema. Lanza el Grid de Selenium o el nodo con el argumento -log. A continuación dispone de un ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Usa tu editor de texto favorito para abrir el archivo de log (log.txt en el ejemplo) para encontrar los logs de \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; si tienes problemas.\nUsando el argumento -debug También puedes usar el argumento -debug para imprimir los logs de debug en la consola. Lanza el Grid de Selenium o el nodo con el argumento -debug. A continuación dispone de un ejemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Advertencia El Grid de Selenium debe estar protegido contra accesos externos mediante el uso apropiado de permisos de firewall.\nFallar a la hora de proteger el Grid puede resultar en uno o mas de los siguientes problemas:\n Proveer acceso abierto a tu infraestructura del Grid. Permitir a terceros el acceso a aplicaciones web y archivos interno. Permitir a terceros ejecutar tus ejecutables.  Puedes visitar el blog Detectify el cual te puede aportar mas información sobre los peligros de exponer tu grid públicamente. Aquí puedes visitar el articulo Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nSelenium Docker Docker provee una forma conveniente de aprovisionar y escalar la infraestructura de Selenium Grid en unidades conocidas como contenedores. Los contenedores son unidades estandarizadas de software que contienen todo lo necesario para ejecutar la aplicación deseada, incluidas todas las dependencias, en un entorno confiable y regenerable en diferentes sistemas.\nEl proyecto de Selenium mantiene un conjunto de imágenes Docker las cuales puedes descargar y ejecutar para tener un Grid funcionando rápidamente. Los nodos están disponibles para los navegadores Firefox y Chrome. Todos los detalles de como abastecer un Grid se encuentran en Docker Selenium.\nPrerequisitos El único requisito para ejecutar el Grid es tener Docker instalado y funcionando. Puedes descargar Docker en este enlace.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando tu propio Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Convenciones tipográficas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Cuando usar el Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generalmente hablando, hay dos razones por las cuales podrías querer usar el Grid.\n Para ejecutar tus tests contra múltiples navegadores, múltiples versiones de navegadores y múltiples navegadores bajo diferentes sistemas operativos. Para reducir el tiempo que tarda en completarse la ejecución de tu suite de test.  El Grid se usa para acelerar la ejecución de los test usando múltiples maquinas para ejecutarlos en paralelo. Por ejemplo, si tienes una suite con 100 tests, pero configuras el Grid para soportar cuatro maquinas diferentes (ya sean maquinas virtuales o maquinas separadas físicamente) para ejecutar los tests, tu suite completará la ejecución en aproximadamente una cuarta parte del tiempo que habría tardado si se hubiesen ejecutado de manera secuencial en una sola maquina. Para suites de test grandes y suites de larga duración, como aquellas que realizan gran cantidad de validaciones de datos, puede suponer un gran ahorro de tiempo. Algunas suites de test pueden llegar tardar horas en ejecutarse. Otra razón puede ser acortar el tiempo de espera para recibir los resultados de los tests cuando los desarrolladores suben el código de su aplicación a los entornos de pruebas . Cada vez mas equipos de software practican metodologías de desarrollo software Agile en las cuales es necesario tener feedback tan rápido como sea posible en lugar de esperar durante toda la noche para que los tests finalicen su ejecución.\nEl Grid también es usado para soportar múltiples ejecuciones de test contra múltiples entornos, especialmente, contra diferentes navegadores al mismo tiempo. Por ejemplo, un Grid de maquinas virtuales puede ser configurado con cada una soportando un navegador diferente, estos navegadores pueden ser aquellos que la aplicación deba soportar. Así, la maquina uno tiene Internet Explorer 8, la maquina dos Internet Explorer 9, la maquina tres la ultima versión de Chrome y la maquina cuatro la ultima versión de Firefox. Cuando la suite de test es ejecutada, el Grid de Selenium recibe cada combinación de test-navegador y asigna la ejecución al navegador requerido.\nAdicionalmente, uno puede tener en el Grid los mismos navegadores, tipos y versiones. Por ejemplo podría tener en el Grid cuatro maquinas cada una ejecutando tres instancias de Firefox 70, permitiendo así tener una granja de servidores (en cierto sentido) de instancias de Firefox. De esta manera cuando se ejecute la suite, cada test es pasado al Grid el cual lo asignará a la siguiente instancia de Firefox disponible. De esta forma se obtendrían los resultados en los cuales doce tests se habrán estado ejecutando todos a mismo tiempo en paralelo, reduciendo así significativamente el tiempo que se requiere en completar la ejecución de la suite.\nEl Grid es muy flexible. Estos dos ejemplos pueden ser combinados para permitir múltiples instancias de cada tipo de navegador y versión. Configuraciones de este tipo permiten proveer una paralelización para completar las ejecuciones mas rápidamente y soportar múltiples tipos de navegadores y versiones simultáneamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Descarga de archivos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mientras que es posible empezar una descarga haciendo clic en el enlace, con el navegador que este siendo controlado por Selenium, el API no expone el progreso de la descarga, haciéndolo poco ideal para probar la descarga de archivos. Esto es debido a que descargar archivos no es considerado un aspecto importante de la emulación de las interacciones de los usuarios con las plataformas web. En lugar de ello, se recomienda encontrar el enlace con Selenium (y cualquier Cookie requerida) y pasarselo a una librería que permita hacer peticiones HTTP como libcurl.\nEl HtmlUnit driver puede descargar archivos adjuntos accediendo a ellos como flujos de entrada mediante la implementación de la interfaz AttachmentHandler. El AttachmentHandler se puede agregar al HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Instalando los binarios de WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para ejecutar tu proyecto y controlar el navegador, debes tener instalados los binarios de WebDriver específicos para el navegador.\nDescarga el binario de WebDriver soportado por tu navegador y colócalo en el PATH del sistema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/","title":"Introducción","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introducción Selenium es un proyecto que alberga un catálogo de herramientas y librerías que permiten y sustentan la automatización de navegadores web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Lenguaje de dominio específico","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un lenguaje de dominio específico (DSL) es un sistema que proporciona al usuario un medio expresivo para resolver un problema. Permite a un usuario interactuar con el sistema en sus términos, no solo en jerga del programador.\nA tus usuarios, en general, no les importa cómo se ve su sitio. Ellos no se preocupan por la decoración, animaciones o gráficos. Ellos desean utilizar tu sistema para impulsar a sus nuevos empleados a través del proceso con mínima dificultad; quieren reservar un viaje a Alaska; quieren configurar y comprar unicornios con descuento. Tu trabajo como el probador debe acercarse lo más que pueda a \u0026ldquo;capturar\u0026rdquo; esta mentalidad. Con eso en mente, nos propusimos \u0026ldquo;modelar\u0026rdquo; la aplicación con que estas trabajando, de modo que los scripts de prueba (el único proxy pre-lanzamiento del usuario ) \u0026ldquo;hablen\u0026rdquo; por, y representen al usuario.\nCon Selenium, el DSL generalmente se representa por métodos, escritos para hacer la API simple y legible: permiten un informe entre desarrolladores y partes interesadas (usuarios, dueños de producto, especialistas en inteligencia de negocios, etc).\nBeneficios  Legible: Las partes interesadas del negocio pueden entenderlo. Escribible: Fácil de escribir, evita duplicaciones innecesarias. Extensible: Se puede agregar funcionalidad (razonablemente) sin romper los contratos y la funcionalidad existente. Mantenible: Al dejar los detalles de implementación fuera de casos de prueba, está bien aislado contra cambios en el AUT*.  Java Aquí hay un ejemplo de un método DSL razonable en Java. En aras de la brevedad, se supone que el objeto driver está predefinido y disponible para el método.\n/** * Toma un nombre de usuario y una contraseña, completa los campos y hace clic en \u0026#34;iniciar sesión\u0026#34;. * @return Una instancia de AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Completa el campo de contraseña. El localizador que estamos usando es \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, y deberíamos  // tenerlo definido en otra parte de la clase.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Haz clic en el botón de inicio de sesión, que tiene el id \u0026#34;enviar\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Crea y devuelve una nueva instancia de AccountPage (a través del PageFactory  // incorporado a Selenium).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Este método abstrae completamente los conceptos de campos de entrada, botones, clics e incluso páginas de tu código de prueba. Usando este enfoque, todo lo que un probador tiene que hacer es llamar a este método. Esto da una ventaja de mantenimiento: si los campos de inicio de sesión alguna vez cambian, solo tendrías que cambiar este método, no tus pruebas.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Ahora que hemos iniciado sesión, haz otras cosas, ya que utilizamos un DSL para admitir  // nuestros probadore, es tan fácil como elegir entre los métodos disponibles.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Ten en cuenta que todavía no nos hemos referido a un botón o control web en ninguna parte de este  // script... } Vale la pena repetirlo: uno de tus objetivos principales debe ser escribir un API que permite que tus pruebas aborden el problema en cuestión, y NO el problema de la interfaz de usuario. La interfaz de usuario es una preocupación secundaria para tus usuarios: no les importa la interfaz de usuario, solo quieren obtener su trabajo hecho. Tus scripts de prueba deben leerse como una lista de cosas el usuario quiere HACER, y las cosas que quiere SABER. Las pruebas no deben preocuparse por CÓMO la IU requiere que vayas al respecto.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrando de RC a WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cómo migrar a Selenium WebDriver Una pregunta común al adoptar Selenium 2 es qué seria lo correcto al agregar nuevas pruebas a un conjunto existente de pruebas?. Los usuarios que son nuevos al framework pueden comenzar utilizando las nuevas API de WebDriver para escribir sus pruebas. ¿Pero qué pasa con los usuarios que ya tienen suites de pruebas existentes? Esta guía es diseñada para demostrar cómo migrar tus pruebas existentes a las nuevas APIs, permitiendo que todas las pruebas nuevas se escriban usando las nuevas características ofrecidas por WebDriver.\nEl método presentado aquí describe una migración gradual al WebDriver API sin necesidad de volver a trabajar todo en un solo esfuerzo masivo. Esto significa que te puedes permitir más tiempo para migrar tus pruebas existentes, lo que puede facilitarte decidir dónde dirigir tu esfuerzo.\nEsta guía está escrita usando Java, porque tiene el mejor soporte para hacer la migración. A medida que proporcionemos mejores herramientas para otros lenguajes, esta guía se ampliará para incluir esos lenguajes.\nPor qué migrar a WebDriver Mover un conjunto de pruebas de una API a otra requiere una enorme cantidad de esfuerzo. ¿Por qué tu y tu equipo considerarían hacer este movimiento? Estas son algunas razones por las que deberían considerar migrar sus pruebas de Selenium para usar WebDriver.\n API más pequeña y compacta. La API de WebDriver está más orientada a objetos que la API original de Selenium RC. Esto puede hacer que sea más fácil trabajar con él. Mejor emulación de las interacciones del usuario. Donde sea posible, WebDriver hace uso de eventos nativos para interactuar con una página web. Esto imita más de cerca la forma en que tus usuarios trabajan con tu sitio y tus aplicaciones. Adicionalmente, WebDriver ofrece las API avanzadas de interacciones de usuario que te permiten modelar interacciones complejas con tu sitio. Soporte por proveedores de navegador. Opera, Mozilla y Google son todos participantes activos en el desarrollo de WebDriver, y cada uno tiene ingenieros trabajando para mejorar el framework. A menudo, esto significa que el soporte para WebDriver está integrado en el navegador: tus pruebas se ejecutan tan rápido y tan estables como sea posible.  Antes de empezar Para que el proceso de migración sea lo menos doloroso posible, asegúrate de que todas tus pruebas se ejecuten correctamente con la última versión de Selenium. Esto puede sonar obvio, ¡pero es mejor decirlo!\nEmpezando El primer paso al comenzar la migración es cambiar la forma de obtener tu instancia de Selenium. Cuando se usa Selenium RC, esto se hace así:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Esto debería ser reemplazado de la siguiente manera:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Próximos pasos Una vez que tus pruebas se ejecutan sin errores, la siguiente etapa es migrar el código de prueba real para usar las API de WebDriver. Dependiendo de qué tan bien abstraído este tu código, esto podría ser un proceso corto o largo. En cualquier caso, el enfoque es el mismo y se puede resumir simplemente: modifique el código para usar la nueva API cuando vayas a editarlo.\nSi necesitas extraer la implementación subyacente de WebDriver de en la instancia de Selenium, simplemente puedes hacer un casteo a WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Esto te permite continuar pasando la instancia de Selenium normalmente, pero desenvuelve la instancia de WebDriver según sea necesario.\nEn algún momento, tu código base utilizará principalmente las API más nuevas. En este punto, puedes voltear la relación, utilizando WebDriver para instanciar una instancia de Selenium según sea necesario:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problemas Comunes Afortunadamente, no eres la primera persona en pasar por esta migración, Aquí hay algunos problemas comunes que otros han encontrado y cómo resolverlos.\nHacer clic y escribir es más completo Un patrón común en una prueba de Selenium RC es ver algo como:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Esto se basa en el hecho de que \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simplemente reemplaza el contenido del elemento identificado sin disparar todos los eventos que normalmente serian disparados si un usuario interactúa con la página. Las invocaciones directas finales de \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; hace que los manejadores JS se activen como se esperaba.\nCuando se usa WebDriverBackedSelenium, el resultado de completar el formulario en el campo sería \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: ¡no es lo que esperarías! La razón de esto es que WebDriver emula con mayor precisión el comportamiento del usuario y, por lo tanto, estaría disparando eventos todo el tiempo.\nEste mismo hecho a veces puede provocar que la carga de una página se dispare antes de lo que lo haría en una prueba de Selenium 1. Se puede decir que esto ha sucedido si WebDriver lanza un \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo;.\nWaitForPageToLoad retorna demasiado pronto Descubrir cuándo se completa la carga de una página es un negocio complicado. Acaso nos referimos a \u0026ldquo;cuando se dispara el evento de carga\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cuando todas las solicitudes de AJAX están completas\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;cuando no hay tráfico de red\u0026rdquo;,\u0026ldquo;cuando document.readyState ha cambiado\u0026rdquo; o algo completamente diferente?\nWebDriver intenta simular el comportamiento original de Selenium, pero esto no siempre funciona perfectamente por varias razones. La razón más común es que es difícil saber la diferencia entre una carga de página que aún no ha comenzado, y un carga de página completada entre llamadas de métodos. Esto a veces significa que el control se ha retornado a tu prueba antes de que la página finalice (¡o incluso comience!) su carga.\nLa solución a esto es esperar algo específico. Comúnmente, esto podría ser el elemento con el que deseas interactuar, o que alguna variable de Javascript se establezca en un valor específico. Un ejemplo sería:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Donde \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; se implementa como:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Esto puede parecer complejo, pero es casi todo el codigo boiler-plate. Lo único interesante es que la \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; se evaluará repetidamente hasta que el método \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; retorne algo que no sea \u0026ldquo;nulo\u0026rdquo; ni Boolean.FALSE.\nPor supuesto, agregar todas estas llamadas de \u0026ldquo;espera\u0026rdquo; puede saturar tu código. Si ese es el caso, y tus necesidades son simples, considera usar las esperas implícitas:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Al hacer esto, cada vez que se localiza un elemento, si el elemento no está presente, la localización se vuelve a intentar hasta que esté presente o hasta que hayan transcurrido 30 segundos.\nEncontrar Por Xpath O CSS Selectores No Siempre Funciona, Pero Lo Hace en Selenium 1 En Selenium 1, era común que xpath usara una librería incluida en lugar de utilizar las capacidades del navegador en sí. WebDriver siempre usará los métodos nativos del navegador a menos que no haya alternativa. Eso significa que expresiones xpath complejas pueden romperse en algunos navegadores.\nLos selectores CSS en Selenium 1 se implementaron utilizando la librería Sizzle. Esta implementa un superconjunto de la especificación CSS Selector, y no siempre está claro dónde has cruzado la línea. Si estás utilizando WebDriverBackedSelenium y utilizas un localizador Sizzle en lugar de un selector CSS para encontrar elementos, se registrara una advertencia en la consola. Vale la pena tomarse el tiempo para encontrar estas ocurrencias, particularmente si las pruebas fallan por no poder encontrar elementos.\nNo hay Browserbot Selenium RC se basó en Selenium Core, por lo tanto, cuando ejecutó Javascript, pudo acceder a partes de Selenium Core para facilitar las cosas. Como WebDriver no se basa en Selenium Core, esto ya no es posible. ¿Cómo puedes saber si está usando Selenium Core? ¡Sencillo! Solo mira si tus llamadas \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; o similares están usando \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; o \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; en el Javascript evaluado.\nEs posible que esté utilizando el browserbot para obtener un identificador de la ventana actual o el documento de la prueba. Afortunadamente, WebDriver siempre evalúa JS en el contexto de la ventana actual, por lo que puede usar \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; o \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directamente.\nAlternativamente, puedes estar usando el browserbot para localizar elementos. En WebDriver, la forma para hacer esto es localizar primero el elemento, y luego pasarlo como argumento al Javascript. Así:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); resulta en:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Observa cómo la variable \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; pasada aparece como el primer elemento en la matriz de \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; estándar de JS.\nEjecutar Javascript no retorna nada JavascriptExecutor de WebDriver envolverá todo JS y lo evaluará como una expresión anónima. Esto significa que debes usar la tecla \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo;\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); resulta en:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Navegadores de terceros y plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium se puede extender mediante el uso de plugins. Aquí hay una serie de plugins creados y mantenidos por terceros. Para más información sobre cómo crear tu propio plugin o tenerlo en la lista, consulta la documentación.\nTen en cuenta que estos plugins no son compatibles, mantenidos, alojados o avalados por el proyecto Selenium. Además, ten en cuenta que los plugins enumerados a continuación no necesariamente están licenciados bajo la licencia de Apache v.2.0. Algunos de los plugins están disponibles bajo otra licencia de software libre y de código abierto. Otros solo están disponibles bajo una licencia patentada. Cualquier pregunta acerca de los plugins y su licencia de distribución deben plantearse con sus respectivo(s) desarrollador(es).\n   Navegador Más reciente Registro de cambios Seguimiento de Incidentes     Mozilla GeckoDriver más reciente registro de cambios seguimiento de incidentes   Google Chrome Driver más reciente registro de cambios seguimiento de incidentes   Opera más reciente - seguimiento de incidentes   Microsoft Edge Driver más reciente - seguimiento de incidentes   SafariDriver Incorporado - seguimiento de incidentes    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observabilidad","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Requerimientos de los controladores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A través del WebDriver, Selenium es capaz de soportar los navegadores mas usados en el mercado como Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera y Safari. WebDriver maneja los navegadores, cuando es posible, apoyándose en las propias funciones que el navegador incorpora para la automatización.\nLa finalidad del WebDriver es emular las interacciones de los usuarios reales. Esto es posible en diversos niveles en diferentes navegadores. Para mas detalles sobre las diferentes comportamientos de los controladores, ver Comportamientos del controlador.\nAunque todos los controladores comparten una única interfaz orientada al usuario para manejar los navegadores, todos ellos tienen diferentes formas de establecer las sesiones. Ya que muchas de estas implementaciones son realizadas por terceras personas y no están incluidas en la distribución estándar de Selenium.\nLa instanciación del controlador, el tratamiento de perfiles y algunos ajustes específicos de cada navegador son ejemplos de parámetros que tienen diferentes requisitos dependiendo del navegador.\nEsta sección explica los requisitos básicos para comenzar a trabajar con diferentes navegadores.\nAñadiendo los ejecutables al PATH del sistema La gran mayoría de controladores necesitan de un ejecutable extra para que Selenium pueda comunicarse con el navegador. Puedes especificar manualmente donde esta ubicado el ejecutable antes lanzar el WebDriver, pero esto hará que tus tests sean menos portables, ya que los ejecutables necesitan estar en el mismo lugar en todas las maquinas, o que este incluido en el repositorio.\nAñadir una carpeta que contenga los binarios del WebDriver a tu sistema, permitirá a Selenium localizar los binarios necesarios adicionales sin la necesidad de tener que incluir en el código de los tests la ruta exacta.\n Crea un directorio para almacenar los ejecutables en el, como C:\\WebDriver\\bin o /opt/WebDriver/bin Añade el directorio al PATH del sistema:  En Windows - Abre una terminal de comando como administrador y ejecuta el siguiente comando para añadir permanentemente el directorio a tu PATH para todos los usuarios de tu maquina:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  En macOS y Linux ejecutar el siguiente comando en una terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Ahora puedes probar los cambios. Para ello cierra todas las terminales de comando y abre una nueva Escribe el nombre de uno de los binarios que has añadido en la carpeta en el paso previo. p. ej.:\nchromedriver   Si tu PATH ha sido configurado correctamente, verás una salida relacionada con la puesta en marcha del controlador:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Puedes recuperar el control de la consola de comandos pulsando Ctrl + C\nReferencia Rápida    Navegador SO Soportados Mantenido por Descargas Issues     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Descargas Incidentes   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Descargas Incidentes   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Descargas Incidentes   Internet Explorer Windows Proyecto de Selenium Descargas Incidentes   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Integrado Incidentes   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Descargas Incidentes    Chromium/Chrome Para controlar Chrome o Chromium, tienes que descargar chromedriver y almacenarlo en una carpeta que esté en el PATH del sistema.\nEn Linux y en macOS esto significa que tienes que modificar la variable de entorno PATH.\nPuedes ver que directorios están incluidos en esta variable, los directorios se separan mediante dos puntos.\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Para incluir el chromedriver en el PATH si no lo estuviera, hay que asegurarse que incluimos la ruta donde se almacena el binario del chromedriver. Recuerda que puedes fijar la ruta al ejecutable del chromedriver usando la siguiente linea, esto te permitirá añadir el contenido actual del PATH mas una ruta adicional después de los dos puntos:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Cuando el chromedriver este en el PATH este podrá ser ejecutado desde cualquier directorio. Para instanciar una sesión de Chrome/Chromium puedes hacer lo siguiente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Recuerda que tienes que fijar la ruta al ejecutable del chromedriver. Lo puedes hacer de la siguiente forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     El chromedriver esta implementado como un servidor remoto el cual expone la interfaz del proxy para la automatización de chrome, enseñando asi al navegador que hacer.\nFirefox Con la salida de Selenium 3, Mozilla se ha encargado de la implementación del controlador de Firefox, a través del geckodriver. Este nuevo controlador se llama geckodriver y funciona a partir de la versión 48 de Firefox. Como este controlador sigue en desarrollo, cuanto mas nueva sea la versión de Firefox mas respaldo tendrá por parte de Mozilla.\nComo geckodriver es la nueva forma por defecto de lanzar Firefox, puedes instanciar Firefox de la misma forma en Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Si no quisieras fijar la ruta del geckodriver en el PATH, puedes fijar la ruta del ejecutable como propiedad del sistema:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     En ciertos lenguajes de programación también es posible fijar la propiedad en tiempo de ejecución:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Actualmente también es posible revertir al controlador antiguo de Firefox, el cual es un controlador mas completo, instalando la versión 47.0.1 o 45 ESR y especificando la capacidad deseada del controlador marionette como false. Las ultimas versiones de Firefox ya no son compatibles con este controlador.\nEdge Edge es el navegador mas nuevo de Microsoft, incluido en Windows 10 y Microsoft Server 2016. Las actualizaciones de Edge están incluidas en las actualizaciones principales de Windows, es por eso que necesitaras descargar el binario que coincida con la versión que tengas en ese momento instalada de Windows. La web de desarrolladores de Edge contiene los enlaces a todos los binarios disponibles.\nLos bugs de la implementación del EdgeDriver se pueden encontrar en Microsoft.\nSi deseas lanzar los tests contra Edge pero tu sistema operativo no es Windows 10, Microsoft ofrece maquinas virtuales en la web de desarrolladores de Edge.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Como gestor de contexto: from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Si el controlador de Edge no esta presente en el PATH, puedes añadirlo con el siguiente comando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer era el navegador por defecto hasta la salida de Windows 10, aunque todavía esta incluido en Windows 10. El controlador de Internet Explorer es el único que Selenium tiene como objetivo admitir las mismas versiones que Microsoft considera como actuales. Las versiones anteriores pueden funcionar pero no serán mantenidas.\nA pesar de que Selenium proporciona los binarios para las versiones de 32 y 64 bits de Internet Explorer existen algunas limitaciones respecto a las versiones 10 y 11 para el controlador de 64-bits, en cambio el controlador de 32-bits funciona correctamente. Hay que tener en cuenta que las preferencias de Internet Explorer se guardan en la cuenta del usuario conectado, ademas es necesario realizar configuraciones adicionales\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Si el controlador de Internet Explorer no esta presente en el PATH, puedes añadirlo usando la siguiente linea:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft tambien ofrece un binario para Internet Explorer 11 en Windows 7 y 8.1. El cual no ha sido actualizado desde 2014 y está basado en una versión preeliminar de la especificación del W3C. Jim Evans hizo un informe excelente sobre la implementación del controlador.\nOpera Las versiones actuales de Opera están construidas con el motor de Chromium, y WebDriver ahora es soportado a través del controlador de código propietario de Opera el cual puede ser añadido al PATH o configurado como propiedad del sistema.\nInstanciar una sesión del controlador es similar a como se hace el Firefox y Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari Para las versiones High Sierra y superiores:\n Al Lanzar el siguiente comando desde la terminal por primera vez se debe escribir la contraseña para autorizar al WebDriver  safaridriver --enable Para El Capitan y Sierra:\n Activar el menú desarrollador desde las preferencias de Safari Seleccionar la opción Permitir automatización desde el menú del desarrollador Ejecutar el siguiente comando desde la terminal y escribir la contraseña para autorizar al WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Una vez realizar podrás comenzar una sesión usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Asignación simple from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Como gestor de contexto from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #El código con este nivel de tabulación   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Aquellos que busquen automatizar Safari en iOS deberían echarle un vistazo al proyecto de Appium Aunque antes Safari estuviera disponible en Windows, Apple hace tiempo que dejo de mantenerlo, convirtiendo así a Windows en una pobre elección para la automatización de pruebas sobre Safari\nNavegadores simulados HtmlUnit HtmlUnit es un navegador sin interfaz grafica para programas basados en Java. Modela documentos HTML y proporciona un API que permite invocar las paginas, rellanar formularios, hacer clic en enlaces, etc. Soporta JavaScript y es capaz de funcionar con librerías AJAX, simulando Chrome, Firefox o Internet Explorer dependiendo de la configuración usada. Se ha migrado a una nueva web. El código fuente es mantenido con de snv.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is un navegador sin interfaz grafica basado en Webkit, aunque la versión en la que se basa es mucho mas antigua que las usadas por Chrome o Safari. A pesar de que históricamente ha sido una elección popular actualmente no es una elección muy sabia. Ya que el proyecto esta sin soporte desde el 5 de gosto, cuando Google anunció que Chrome tendría la capacidad de ser un navegador sin interfaz grafica, algo que también ha ofrecido Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Sobre automatización de pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primero, pregúntate si realmente necesitas o no usar un navegador. Lo más probable es que, en algún momento, si estás trabajando en una aplicación web compleja, necesitarás abrir un navegador y realmente probarlo.\nSin embargo, las pruebas funcionales de usuario final, como las pruebas de Selenium son caras de ejecutar. Además, normalmente requieren que una infraestructura considerable este disponible para estas ejecutarse de manera efectiva. Es una buena regla preguntarse siempre si lo que se quiere probar se puede hacer usando enfoques de prueba más livianos como las pruebas unitarias o con un enfoque de bajo nivel.\nUna vez que hayas tomado la determinación de que estás en el negocio de hacer pruebas en el navegador, y que tengas tu ambiente de Selenium listo para empezar a escribir pruebas, generalmente realizaras alguna combinación de estos tres pasos:\n Preparar los datos Realizar un conjunto discreto de acciones Evaluar los resultados  Querrás mantener estos pasos tan cortos como sea posible; una o dos operaciones deberían ser suficientes la mayor parte del tiempo. La automatización del navegador tiene la reputación de ser \u0026ldquo;frágil\u0026rdquo;, pero en realidad, esto se debe a que los usuarios suelen exigirle demasiado. En capítulos posteriores, volveremos a las técnicas que puedes utilizar para mitigar problemas aparentemente intermitentes en las pruebas, en particular como superar race conditions entre el navegador y WebDriver.\nManteniendo tus pruebas cortas y usando el navegador web solo cuando no tienes absolutamente ninguna alternativa, Puedes tener muchas pruebas con fragilidades muy mínimas.\nUna clara ventaja de las pruebas de Selenium es su capacidad inherente para probar todos los componentes de la aplicación, desde el backend hasta el frontend, desde la perspectiva del usuario. En otras palabras, aunque las pruebas funcionales pueden ser caras de ejecutar, también abarcan a la vez grandes porciones críticas para el negocio.\nRequisitos de pruebas Como se mencionó anteriormente, las pruebas de Selenium pueden ser costosas de ejecutar. Hasta qué punto, dependerá del navegador en el que estás ejecutando las pruebas, pero históricamente el comportamiento de los navegadores ha variado tanto que a menudo ha sido un objetivo claro realizar pruebas cruzadas contra múltiples navegadores.\nSelenium te permite ejecutar las mismas instrucciones en múltiples navegadores en múltiples sistemas operativos, pero la enumeración de todos los navegadores posibles, sus diferentes versiones y los muchos sistemas operativos en los que se ejecutan se convertirá rápidamente en una misión no trivial.\nIniciemos con un ejemplo Larry ha escrito un sitio web que le permite a los usuarios ordenar unicornios personalizados.\nEl flujo de trabajo principal (que llamaremos el \u0026ldquo;camino feliz\u0026rdquo;) es algo como esto:\n Crea una cuenta Configura el unicornio Agrégalo al carrito de compras Envialo a caja y realiza el pago Dar feedback sobre el unicornio  Sería tentador escribir un gran script de Selenium para realizar todas estas operaciones, muchos lo intentarán. ¡Resiste la tentación! Hacerlo dará como resultado una prueba que a) toma mucho tiempo, b) estará sujeta a algunos problemas comunes relacionados con los problemas de tiempo de representación de la página, y c) es tal que si falla, no te dará un método conciso y \u0026ldquo;fácil de ver\u0026rdquo; para diagnosticar lo que salió mal.\nLa estrategia preferida para probar este escenario sería dividirlo en una serie de pruebas rápidas e independientes, cada una de las cuales tenga una \u0026ldquo;razón\u0026rdquo; para existir.\nSupongamos que deseas probar el segundo paso: Configurando tu unicornio. Realizará las siguientes acciones:\n Crea una cuenta Configura el unicornio  Ten en cuenta que nos estamos saltando el resto de los pasos, probaremos el resto del flujo en otros casos de prueba pequeños y discretos, después de que hayamos terminado con este.\nPara comenzar, debes crear una cuenta. Aquí tienes que tomar algunas decisiones:\n ¿Quieres usar una cuenta existente? ¿Quieres crear una nueva cuenta? ¿Hay alguna propiedad especial de dicho usuario que deba ser tomado en cuenta antes de que comience la configuración?  Independientemente de cómo respondas esta pregunta, la solución es hacer que forme parte del paso de \u0026ldquo;preparar los datos\u0026rdquo; de la prueba. Si Larry ha expuesto una API que te permite a ti (o cualquier persona) crear y actualizar cuentas de usuario, asegúrate de usar eso para responder esta pregunta. Si es posible, debes iniciar el navegador solo después de tener un usuario \u0026ldquo;en la mano\u0026rdquo;, cuyas credenciales pueden iniciar sesión.\nSi cada prueba para cada flujo de trabajo comienza con la creación de una cuenta de usuario, se agregarán muchos segundos a la ejecución de cada prueba. Llamar a una API y hablar con una base de datos son operaciones \u0026ldquo;sin cabeza\u0026rdquo; rápidas, que no requieren el costoso proceso de abrir un navegador, navegar a las páginas correctas, hacer clic y esperar que se envíen los formularios, etc.\nIdealmente, puedes abordar esta fase de configuración en una sola línea de código, que se ejecutará antes de que se inicie cualquier navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, # pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen # privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico # la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas # conocerlos. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #Este método se define en otro lugar. # Inicia sesión como este usuario. # Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que # el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite # realizar acciones de AccountPage account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, # pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen # privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico # la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas # conocerlos. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #Este método se define en otro lugar. # Inicia sesión como este usuario. # Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que # el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite # realizar acciones de AccountPage account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Crea un usuario que tenga permisos de solo lectura--ellos pueden configurar un unicornio, // pero no tienen configurada la información de pago, ni tienen // privilegios administrativos. En el momento en que se crea el usuario, su correo electrónico // la dirección y la contraseña se generan aleatoriamente--ni siquiera necesitas // conocerlos. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //Este método se define en otro lugar.  // Inicia sesión como este usuario. // Iniciar sesión en este sitio te lleva a tu página personal \u0026#34;Mi cuenta\u0026#34;, por lo que // el método loginAs devuelve el objeto AccountPage, lo que le permite // realizar acciones de AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Como puedes imaginar, la UserFactory puede ampliarse para proporcionar métodos como createAdminUser() y createUserWithPayment(). El punto es, que estas dos líneas de código no te distraigan del propósito final de esta prueba: configurar un unicornio.\nLas complejidades del Modelo Page Object serán discutidas en capítulos posteriores, pero introduciremos el concepto aquí:\nTus pruebas deben estar compuestas de acciones, realizadas desde el punto de vista del usuario, dentro del contexto de las páginas en el sitio web. Estas páginas se almacenan como objetos, que contendrán información específica sobre cómo está compuesta la página web y cómo se realizan las acciones– muy poco de lo que cual debería preocuparte como probador.\n¿Qué tipo de unicornio quieres? Es posible que desees rosa, pero no necesariamente. El morado es muy popular últimamente. ¿Ella necesita gafas de sol? ¿Tatuajes de estrellas? Estas elecciones, aunque difíciles, son tu principal preocupación como probador: debes asegurarte de que tu centro de distribución de pedidos envíe el unicornio correcto a la persona correcta, y eso comienza con estas elecciones.\nObserva que en ninguna parte de este párrafo hablamos de botones, campos, menús desplegables, botones de opción o formularios web. ¡Tampoco deberían tus pruebas! Debes escribir tu código como el usuario que intenta resolver su problema. Aquí hay una forma de hacerlo (continuando con el ejemplo anterior):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. # Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa # con el navegador de ninguna manera. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al # lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; # nos llevará allí. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a # su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles # completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. # Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa # con el navegador de ninguna manera. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, Unicor sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al # lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; # nos llevará allí. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a # su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles # completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí. var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar.. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // El Unicornio es un Objeto de nivel superior--tiene atributos, que se establecen aquí. // Esto solo almacena los valores; no llena ningún formulario web ni interactúa // con el navegador de ninguna manera. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Dado que ya estamos \u0026#34;en\u0026#34; la página de la cuenta, tenemos que usarla para acceder al // lugar especifico donde configuras unicornios. Llamar al método \u0026#34;Agregar unicornio\u0026#34; // nos llevará allí.. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Ahora que estamos en la página AddUnicornPage, pasaremos el objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; a // su método createUnicorn(). Este método tomará los atributos de Sparkles, // completara el formulario y hará clic en enviar. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Ahora que has configurado tu unicornio, debes avanzar al paso 3: asegurarte de que realmente funcionó.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto # Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar # con los campos en la página. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;);   # El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto # Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar # con los campos en la página. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#39;   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;);   // El método exist() de UnicornConfirmationPage tomará el objeto // Sparkles--una especificación de los atributos que deseas ver, y los va a comparar // con los campos en la página. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles debe haberse creado, con todos los atributos intactos\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Ten en cuenta que el probador aún no ha hecho nada más que hablar de unicornios en este código\u0026ndash; nada de botones, nada de localizadores, nada de controles del navegador. Este método de modelar la aplicación te permite mantener estos comandos de nivel-de-prueba en su lugar y sin cambios, incluso si Larry decide la próxima semana que ya no le gusta Ruby-on-Rails y decide volver a implementar todo el sitio en las últimas librerías de enlace de Haskell con un front-end de Fortran.\nLos objetos de tu página requerirán un pequeño mantenimiento para poder cumplir con el rediseño del sitio, pero estas pruebas seguirán siendo iguales. Tomando este diseño básico, querrás continuar con tus flujos de trabajo con la menor cantidad posible de pasos orientados al navegador. Tu próximo flujo de trabajo implicará agregar un unicornio al carrito de compras. Probablemente querrás muchas iteraciones de esta prueba para asegurarte de que el carrito mantiene su estado correctamente: ¿Hay más de un unicornio en el carrito antes de comenzar? ¿Cuántos pueden caber en el carrito de compras? Si crea más de uno con el mismo nombre y/o características, ¿se romperá? ¿Conservará solo el existente o agregará otro?\nCada vez que te mueves por el flujo de trabajo, deseas evitar tener que crear una cuenta, iniciar sesión como usuario y configurar el unicornio. Idealmente, podrás crear una cuenta y preconfigurar un unicornio a través de la API o de la base de datos. Luego, todo lo que tienes que hacer es iniciar sesión como usuario, ubicar Sparkles, y agrégarla al carrito.\n¿Automatizar o no automatizar? Es la automatización siempre ventajosa? Cuando uno debería decidir automatizar casos de prueba?\nNo siempre es ventajoso automatizar casos de prueba. Hay veces que las pruebas manuales pueden ser mas apropiadas. Por ejemplo, si la interface de usuario de la aplicación va a cambiar considerablemente en el futuro, entonces no habria que reescribir ninguna automatizacion. Tambien, algunas veces simplemente no hay tiempo suficiente para construir la automatización de las pruebas. A corto plazo, las pruebas manuales pueden ser mas efectivas. Si una aplicación tiene una fecha limite muy ajustada, actualmente no hay ningún tipo de automatización de pruebas, y es imperativo que las pruebas se realicen dentro de la fecha limite, entonces las pruebas es la mejor solución.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Trabajando con colores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"En algunas ocasiones es posible que sea necesario querer validar el color de algo como parte de tus tests; el problema es que las definiciones de color en la web no son constantes. ¿No estaría bien que existiese una forma sencilla de comparar una representación de color HEX con una representación de color RGB, o una representación de color RGBA con una representación de color HSLA?\nNo te preocupes. Hay una solución para esto, la clase Color\nLo primero de todo, necesitaras importar la clase:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Ahora puedes empezar a crear objetos de la clase Color. Cada objeto necesita ser creado a partir de la representación de una cadena de texto de tu color.\nLas representaciones de colores soportadas son:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     La clase Color también soporta todas las definiciones base de colores especificadas en http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     En muchas ocasiones los navegadores devolverán un valor de color de transparente si no se ha establecido color en el elemento. La clase Color también soporta esto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Ahora puedes consultar de forma segura un elemento para obtener su color/color de fondo sabiendo que cualquier respuesta sera correctamente parseada y convertida en un objeto Color valido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Puedes comparar objetos de Color directamente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     También puedes convertir un color en uno de los siguientes formatos y después realizar una validación estática:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // No disponemos del ejemplo de código en C# aun - Ayudanos a ello abriendo un PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Con todo esto los colores ya no serán un problema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"WebDriver remoto - cliente","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para ejecutar un cliente de WebDriver remoto, primero debemos conectarnos a RemoteWebDriver. Hacemos esto apuntando la URL a la dirección del servidor que ejecuta nuestras pruebas. Para personalizar nuestra configuración, establecemos las capabilities deseadas. A continuación se muestra un ejemplo de la, instanciación de un objeto WebDriver remoto apuntando a nuestro servidor web remoto, www.example.com, ejecutando nuestras pruebas en Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Para personalizar aún más nuestra configuración de prueba, podemos agregar otras capabilities deseadas.\nOpciones del navegador Por ejemplo, supón que deseas ejecutar Chrome en Windows XP, usando Chrome versión 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detector de archivos local El Local File Detector permite la transferencia de archivos desde la máquina del cliente al servidor remoto. Por ejemplo, si una prueba necesita cargar un archivo a una aplicación web, un WebDriver remoto puede transferir automáticamente el archivo de la máquina local al servidor web remoto durante tiempo de ejecución. Esto permite que el archivo se cargue desde la máquina remota ejecutando la prueba. No está habilitado de forma predeterminada y puede habilitarse en de la siguiente manera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Una vez que se definido el código anterior, puedes cargar un archivo en tu prueba de la siguiente manera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configurar componentest","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Códigos de respuesta HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para algunas configuraciones de navegadores en Selenium RC, Selenium actuaba como proxy entre el navegador y el sitio web que iba a ser automatizado. Esto significaba que todo el trafico que pasaba a través de Selenium podía ser capturado o manipulado. El método captureNetworkTraffic() pretendía capturar todo el trafico de red entre el navegador y el sitio que estaba siendo automatizado, incluyendo los códigos de respuestas HTTP.\nEl WebDriver de Selenium parte de una aproximación completamente diferente respecto a la automatización de los navegadores, prefiriendo así actuar mas como un usuario y esto se representa en la forma en la que escribes los tests con el WebDriver. Para los tests funcionales automatizados comprobar el código de respuesta no es un detalle particularmente importante en un test fallido, los pasos que se han realizado lo son mucho mas.\nEl navegador siempre representará el código de estado de respuesta HTTP, imagina por ejemplo una pagina de error para los códigos 404 o 500. Un forma simple de hacer fallar el test cuando encuentras una de estas paginas de error es validar los títulos de las paginas o algún contenido de confianza (ej. la etiqueta \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) después de que se haya cargado cada pagina. Si estas usando un modelo basado en el patrón page object puedes incluir esta validación en el constructor de la clase o en puntos similares donde se espere la carga de una pagina. En algunas ocasiones el código de respuesta HTTP puede llegar a ser representado en la pagina de error en el navegador e incluso podrías usar el WebDriver para leerlo y facilitar la depuración en tus tests.\nComprobar la pagina web es la linea de trabajo ideal del WebDriver representando y validando así la vista de los usuarios de los sitios web.\nSi aun así necesitases una forma de capturar los códigos de respuesta HTTP una forma avanzada es replicar el comportamiento de Selenium RC usando un proxy. El API del WebDriver provee la habilidad de configurar un proxy para un navegador, existen una gran cantidad de proxies que te permiten programaticamente manipular los contenidos de las peticiones enviadas y recibidas desde los servidores web. Usar un proxy te permite decidir como actuar frente a redirecciones. Ademas, no todos los navegadores hacen que los códigos de respuesta estén disponibles para el WebDriver, es por eso que optar por un proxy te permitirá disponer de una solución común para todos los navegadores.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generar el estado de la aplicación","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no debe usarse para preparar un caso de prueba. Todas las acciones repetitivas y los preparativos para un caso de prueba deben realizarse a través de otros métodos. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de las IU web tienen autenticación (por ejemplo, un formulario de inicio de sesión). Eliminar el inicio de sesión a través del navegador web antes de cada prueba mejora tanto la velocidad como la estabilidad de la prueba. Un método debe ser creado para obtener acceso al AUT* (por ejemplo, usando una API para iniciar sesión y establecer un cookie). Además, crear métodos para precargar datos para las pruebas no deben realizarse con Selenium. Como se mencionó previamente, las API existentes se deben aprovechar para crear datos para el AUT*.\n*AUT: Application Under Test (aplicación bajo prueba)\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid es un servidor inteligente que efectúa de proxy que permite a los tests de Selenium enrutar sus comandos hacia instancias remotas de navegadores web. La intención de esto es proporcionar una forma sencilla de ejecutar los tests en paralelo en múltiple maquinas.\nCon Selenium Grid un servidor actúa como el centro de actividad (hub) encargado de enrutar los comandos de los tests en formato JSON hacia uno o mas nodos registrados en el Grid. Los tests contactan con el hub para obtener acceso a las instancias remotas de los navegadores.\nSelenium Grid te permite ejecutar los tests en paralelo en múltiples maquinas y también te permite gestionar diferentes versiones de navegadores y diferentes configuraciones de navegadores de manera centralizada (en lugar de hacerlo de manera individual en cada test)\nSelenium Grid no es una solución mágica para todos tus problemas. Permite resolver un subconjunto de problemas comunes de delegación y distribución, pero, por ejemplo, no administrará su infraestructura y podría no satisfacer sus necesidades personales.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner te permite ejecutar Test Suites desde una línea de comando. Las suites de prueba son exportaciones HTML de Selenium IDE o herramientas de compatibles.\nInformación común  Combinaciónes de versiones de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner importan. Puede haber una matriz de compatibilidad de software en alguna parte. selenium-html-runner solo ejecuta Test Suites (no Test Cases - por ejemplo, una exportación desde Monitis Transaction Monitor). Asegurate que cumples con esto. Para usuarios de Linux sin INTERFAZ: debes iniciar html-runner con pantalla virtual (buscar xvfb)  Ejemplo en un ambiente Linux Instala / descarga los siguientes paquetes de software:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Ejemplo de Test Suite:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Como ejecutar headless (sin interfaz visual) selenium-html-runner Ahora, la parte más importante, un ejemplo de cómo ejecutar el selenium-html-runner! Tu experiencia puede variar según combinaciones de las versiones del software - geckodriver / FF / html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/","title":"Instalación de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Instalación de Selenium La configuración de Selenium es bastante diferente de la configuración de otras herramientas comerciales. Para usar Selenium en tu proyecto de automatización, necesitas instalar las librerías de enlace de tu lenguaje de preferencia. Además necesitarás los binarios de WebDriver para los navegadores en los que deseas automatizar y ejecutar pruebas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Instalación del servidor Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Si planeas usar Grid debes descargar el fichero selenium-server-standalone JAR. Todos los componentes están disponibles a través de selenium-server. El standalone JAR contiene todo, incluso el servidor remoto de Selenium y los enlaces del lado del cliente. Ésto quiere decir que si usas el selenium-server-standalone jar en tu proyecto, no tienes que añadir selenium-java o un jar de navegador específico.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localizando elementos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localizando un elemento Una de las técnicas más fundamentales para aprender al usar WebDriver es cómo encontrar elementos en la página. WebDriver ofrece varios tipos de selectores integrados, entre ellos encontrar un elemento por su atributo ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Como se ve en el ejemplo, localizar elementos en WebDriver se realiza en la instancia del objeto WebDriver. El método findElement(By) devuelve otro tipo de objeto fundamental, el WebElement.\n WebDriver representa el navegador WebElement representa un nodo particular del DOM (un control, por ejemplo un enlace o campo de entrada, etc.)  Una vez que tengas una referencia a un elemento web que se ha \u0026ldquo;encontrado\u0026rdquo;, puedes reducir el alcance de tu búsqueda utilizando la misma llamada en la instancia de ese objeto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Puedes hacer esto porque los tipos WebDriver y WebElement implementan la interfaz SearchContext. En WebDriver, esto se conoce como interfaz basada en roles. Las interfaces basadas en roles te permiten determinar si la implementación del controlador admite una característica dada. Estas interfaces están claramente definidas y tratan de cumplir con tener un solo rol de responsabilidad. Puede leer más sobre el diseño de WebDriver y qué roles son compatibles con qué controladores en Otra sección.\nEn consecuencia, la interfaz By utilizada anteriormente también permite una serie de estrategias adicionales de localización. Una búsqueda anidada podría no ser la estrategia mas efectiva para localizar cheese ya que requiere dos comandos que se emitirán al navegador; primero buscando en el DOM un elemento con ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo;, luego una búsqueda de \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; en un contexto reducido.\nPara mejorar ligeramente el rendimiento, deberíamos intentar utilizar un localizador más específico: WebDriver permite buscar elementos por localizadores CSS, lo que nos permite combinar los dos localizadores anteriores en una sola búsqueda:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localizando múltiples elementos Es posible que el documento con el que estamos trabajando contenga una lista ordenada del queso que más nos gusta:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Dado que más queso es indiscutiblemente mejor, y sería engorroso tener que recuperar cada uno de los elementos individualmente, una técnica superior para recuperar cheese es hacer uso de la versión pluralizada findElements(By). Este método devuelve una colección de elementos web. Si solo se encuentra un elemento, aún devolverá una colección (de un elemento). Si ningún elemento coincide con el localizador, se devolverá la lista vacía. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))    \nEstrategias de localización de elementos Hay ocho estrategias diferentes de ubicación de elementos integradas en WebDriver:\n   Localizador Descripción     class name Localiza elementos en el que el nombre de su clase contiene el valor de la búsqueda (no se permiten nombres de clase compuestos)   css selector Localiza elementos que coinciden con un selector CSS   id Localiza elementos cuyo atributo ID coincide con el valor de la búsqueda   name Localiza elementos cuyo atributo NAME coincide con el valor de la búsqueda   link text Localiza elementos de anclaje cuyo texto visible coincide con el valor de búsqueda   partial link text Localiza elementos de anclaje cuyo texto visible coincide con el valor de búsqueda. Si varios elementos coinciden, solo se seleccionará el primero.   tag name Localiza elementos cuyo nombre de etiqueta (tagName) coincide con el valor de búsqueda   xpath Localiza elementos que coinciden con una expresión XPath    Consejos sobre el uso de selectores En general, si los ID del HTML están disponibles, son únicos y consistentemente predecibles, son el método preferido para ubicar un elemento en una página. Tienden a trabajar muy rápido y renuncian al mucho procesamiento que viene con recorridos DOM complicados.\nSi las ID únicas no están disponibles, un selector CSS bien escrito es el método preferido para localizar un elemento. XPath funciona tan bien como los selectores CSS, pero la sintaxis es complicada y con frecuencia difícil de depurar. Aunque los selectores XPath son muy flexibles, generalmente su desempeño no es probado por lo proveedores de navegadores y tienden a ser bastante lentos.\nLas estrategias de selección basadas en enlaces de texto y enlaces de texto parciales tienen el inconveniente en que solo funcionan en elementos de enlace. Además, internamente en WebDriver llaman a los selectores XPath.\nEl nombre de la etiqueta puede ser una forma peligrosa de localizar elementos. Existen frecuentemente múltiples elementos con la misma etiqueta presentes en la página. Esto es mayormente útil cuando se llama al método findElements(By) que devuelve una colección de elementos.\nLa recomendación es mantener tus localizadores tan compactos y legibles como sea posible. Pedirle a WebDriver que atraviese la estructura del DOM es una operación costosa, y cuanto más se pueda reducir el alcance de tu búsqueda, mejor.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulación de Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby no esta instalado por defecto en Windows. Puedes descargar la ultima versión y ejecutar el instalador. Puedes dejar todos los parámetros de configuración con los valores por defecto excepto el parámetro Add Ruby executables to your PATH de la pantalla de Installation Destination and Optional Tasks. Para manejar cualquier navegador tienes que instalar la gema de Ruby selenium-webdriver. Para instalarla abre una consola de comando y ejecuta el siguiente comando.\ngem install selenium-webdriver O si usas Bundler añade esta linea al Gemfile de tu aplicación:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; Y después ejecuta el siguiente comando en el terminal:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer viene instalado por defecto en Windows, por lo que no es necesario realizar ninguna instalación. Para manejar Internet Explorer en Windows tienes que descargar la ultima versión del driver de Internet Explorer y añadirlo a un directorio que este incluido en el PATH del sistema. Para saber que directorios están incluidos en el PATH escribe el comando echo %PATH% en el terminal.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem Por ejemplo el directorio C:\\Ruby200\\bin parece un buen lugar. Descomprime el archivo IEDriverServer y mueve el ejecutable IEDriverServer.exe a esta carpeta.\nLas lineas que se muestran a continuación deberían abrir una nueva ventana de Internet Explorer.\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Manejo de los navegadores web Navegar hacia La primera cosa que querrás hacer después de levantar un navegador es abrir una pagina web. Esto se puede lograr en una sola linea:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Forma adecuada driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Forma extensa driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   //Forma adecuada driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; //Forma extensa driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Forma adecuada driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Forma extensa driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Obtener la URL actual Puedes leer la URL actual desde la barra de direcciones del navegador usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Retroceder Presionando el botón de retroceder del navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Avanzar Presionando el botón de avanzar del navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Actualizar Recargando la pagina actual:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Obtener el título Puedes leer el título de la pagina actual desde el navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Ventanas y pestañas Obtener el controlador de ventanas El WebDriver no hace distinción entre ventanas y pestañas. Si tu sitio web abre una nueva pestaña o ventana, Selenium te permitirá trabajar con ella usando un controlador de ventanas. Cada ventana tiene un identificador único el cual persiste en una sola sesión. Puedes obtener el controlador de la ventana de la ventana actual usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Cambiar entre ventanas o pestañas Haciendo clic en un enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana cambiará el foco a la nueva ventana o pestaña en la pantalla, pero el WebDriver no sabrá que ventana el sistema operativo considera activa. Para trabajar con la nueva ventana necesitaras cambiar a ella. Si solo tienes dos ventanas o pestañas abiertas y sabes en cual empezaste, por proceso de eliminación, puede recorrer las ventanas o pestañas que ve el WebDriver y cambiar a una de ellas que no sea la original.\nSin embargo Selenium 4 proporciona una nueva API NewWindow  la cual crea una nueva pestaña o ventana y automáticamente cambia a ella.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Almacena el ID de la ventana original String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Instancia el driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Abre la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Configura una espera para despues wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Almacena el ID de la ventana original original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Espera a que la nueva ventana carge su contenido wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Almacena el ID de la ventana original original_window = driver.window_handle #Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Espera a que la nueva ventana carge su contenido wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Almacena el ID de la ventana original val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Comprueba que no existen otras ventanas abiertas previamente assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Haz clic en el enlace el cual abre una nueva ventana driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Espera a la nueva ventana o pestaña wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Recorrelas hasta encontrar el controlador de la nueva ventana for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Espera a que la nueva ventana cargue su contenido wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Crea una nueva ventana o pestaña y cambia a ella Crea una nueva ventana o pestaña y cambia el foco de la pantalla a la nueva ventana o pestaña. No necesitas cambiar el controlador para poder trabajar sobre la nueva ventana o pestaña. Si tienes mas de dos ventanas o pestañas abiertas diferentes de la nueva puedes recorrerlas y cambiar a la que no sea la original.\nNota: Esta funcionalidad es específica de Selenium 4 y versiones posteriores. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Nota: El API new_window en Ruby solo abre una nueva pestaña o ventana pero no # cambiará el controlador automáticamente, el usuario tiene forzar el cambio a # la nueva pestaña o ventana # Abre una nueva pestaña driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Abre una nueva ventana driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Abre una nueva pestaña y cambia el controlador a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Abre una nueva ventana y cambia el controlar a ella driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)    \nCerrando una ventana o pestaña Cuando hayas acabado con una ventana o una pestaña y no sea la única ventana o pestaña abierta en el navegador, debes cerrarla y cambiar el controlador de vuelta a la ventana o pestaña que usabas con anterioridad. Asumiendo que has seguido los ejemplos de código de la sección anterior dispondrás de una ventana almacenada en una variable. Si le añades el siguiente código obtendrás un ejemplo:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close() #Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.Close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close #Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña await driver.close(); //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Cierra una ventana o pestaña driver.close() //Cambia el controlador a la ventana o pestaña original driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Si te olvidas de cambiar el controlador de vuelta a otra ventana después de cerrarla dejará al WebDriver ejecutando una ventana o pestaña cerrada, esto devolverá la excepción No Such Window Exception. Debes de cambiar el controlador de vuelta a una ventana o pestaña valida para continuar la ejecución.\nSaliendo del navegador al final de una sesión Cuando hayas acabado una sesión del navegador debes llamar al método salir en lugar de cerrar:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Salir hará:  Cerrará todas las ventanas y pestañas asociadas a esa sesión del WebDriver. Cerrará el proceso de navegador. Cerrará el proceso en segundo plano del driver. Notificará al Grid de Selenium que el navegador ya no esta en uso y que puede ser usado por otra sesión del Grid de Selenium.    Un fallo en la llamada del método salir dejará procesos corriendo en segundo plano y puertos abiertos en tu maquina lo que podría llevar a problemas en un futuro.\nAlgunos frameworks de pruebas ofrecen métodos y anotaciones a las cuales puedes llamar para salir de una sesión al finalizar las pruebas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Ejemplo usando JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # Ejemplo usando unittest # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Ejemplo usando UnitTesting de Visual Studio https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # Ejemplo usando UnitTest # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Ejemplo usando Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Ejemplo usando JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     Si no estas ejecutando el WebDriver en un contexto que no es de tests, puedes considerar el usar try / finally los cuales son soportadas por la gran mayoría de lenguajes de programacion de esta manera cuando aparezca una excepción la sesión del WebDriver saldrá correctamente.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #Código del WebDriver aquí... finally: driver.quit()   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #Código del WebDriver aquí... ensure driver.quit end   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //Código del WebDriver aquí... } finally { driver.quit() }     El WebDriver de Python ahora es soportado como gestor de contexto, lo que permite ser usado con la palabra clave with para que automáticamente se cierre al final de la ejecución.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Codigo del WebDriver aqui... # El WebDriver saldrá automaticamente despues de la indentacion Frames e Iframes El uso de frames esta desaprobado, estos se basaban en construir sitios desde múltiples documentos en el mismo dominio. Es poco probable que trabajes con esto a menos que estés desarrollando una aplicación web previa a la versión de HTML5. Los iframes te permiten la inserción de un documento desde un dominio diferente y aun son usados de manera común.\nSi necesitas trabajar con iframes o frames, el WebDriver te permite hacerlo de la misma forma. Considera un iframe que contiene un botón. Si inspeccionamos el elemento usando las herramientas de desarrollo del navegador podríamos ver lo siguiente:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; Si no fuera por el iframe haríamos clic en el botón de una forma como esta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Esto no funcionará driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Esto no funcionará driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Esto no funcionará driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Esto no funcionará driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Esto no funcionará await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Esto no funcionará driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Sin embargo, como no existirían botones fuera del iframe obtendríamos una excepción del tipo no such element. Esto ocurriría por que Selenium solo esta al tanto de los elementos en los niveles superiores del documento. Para interactuar con el botón primero necesitaremos cambiar el foco al iframe, de una forma similar a lo que ocurría con las ventanas y pestañas. El WebDriver ofrece tres formas de cambiar el foco a un iframe.\nUsando un WebElement Cambiar usando un WebElement es la forma mas flexible de todas. Puedes encontrar el iframe usando tu selector preferido y después cambiar el foco a el.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Almacena el elemento web WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Almacena el elemento web iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Almacena el elemento web IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Almacena el elemento web iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Almacena el elemento web const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Cambia el foco al iframe await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Almacena el elemento web val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Cambia el foco al iframe driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando el nombre o el ID Si tu iframe o frame dispone de un atributo id o un nombre estos pueden ser usados para ello. Si los nombres o el id no fuesen únicos en la pagina este método cambiará el foco al primer iframe o frame que encuentre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Usando el ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //O usando el atributo nombre driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Usando el ID driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Usando el ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //O usando el atributo nombre driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Usando el ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   //Usando el ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // O usando el atributo nombre await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Usando el ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //O usando el atributo nombre driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Ahora podemos hacer clic en el botón driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Por indice También es posible usar el indice del iframe para cambiar el foco a el, los indices pueden ser consultados utilizando la query de JavaScript window.frames.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # Cambia el foco al segundo frame iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # Cambia el foco al iframe seleccionado driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   //Cambia el foco al segundo frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Cambia el foco al segundo frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Saliendo de un frame Para salir de un iframe o un frame y volver el foco al contenido original:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switch_to.default_content   // Vuelve al nivel superior await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Vuelve al nivel superior driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Manejo de las ventanas La resolución de las pantallas puede impactar en como tu aplicación se renderiza es por eso que el WebDriver provee de mecanismos para mover y cambiar el tamaño de la ventana del navegador.\nObtener el tamaño de la ventana Obtiene el tamaño de la ventana del navegador en pixeles.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Fija el tamaño de la ventana Recupera la ventana y fija el tamaño de esta. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nObten la posicion de la ventana Obtiene la posiciones de las coordernadas en el sistema arriba izquierda de la ventana del navegador. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Accede a cada dimensión individualmente x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Accede a cada dimensión individualmente int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Accede a cada dimensión individualmente x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Accede a cada dimensión individualmente val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // O almacénalas para acceder a ellas mas tarde val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y    \nFija la posición de la ventana Mueve la ventana a la posición deseada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Mueve la ventana arriba izquierda del monitor principal driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximizar la ventana Maximiza la ventana. Para la gran mayoría de sistemas operativos, la ventana rellenará la pantalla, sin bloquear los menús propios y barras de herramientas de los sistemas operativos.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimizar la ventana Minimiza la ventana del actual contexto del navegador. El comportamiento exacto de este comando es especifico individualmente de cada gestor de ventanas.\nMinimizar la ventana típicamente oculta la ventana en la bandeja del sistema.\nNota: Esta funcionalidad es específica de Selenium 4 y versiones posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Modo pantalla completa Llena la pantalla completamente, similar a presionar la tecla F11 en la gran mayoria de navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit(); })();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Tipos de pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pruebas de aceptación Este tipo de prueba se realiza para determinar si una funcionalidad o un sistema cumple con las expectativas y requerimientos del cliente. Este tipo de pruebas generalmente implican la cooperación o retroalimentación del cliente, siendo una actividad de validación que responde la pregunta:\n ¿Estamos construyendo el producto correcto?.\n Para aplicaciones web, la automatización de esta prueba se puede hacer directamente con Selenium simulando el comportamiento esperado del usuario. Esta simulación podría hacerse mediante grabación/ reproducción o mediante los diferentes lenguajes soportados como se explica en esta documentación. Nota: Las pruebas de aceptación son un subtipo de pruebas funcionales, a lo que algunas personas también podrían referirse.\nPruebas funcionales Este tipo de prueba se realiza para determinar si una funcionalidad o sistema funciona correctamente y sin problemas. Se comprueba el sistema en diferentes niveles para garantizar que todos los escenarios están cubiertos y que el sistema hace lo que se supone que debe de hacer. Es una actividad de verificación que responde la pregunta:\n ¿Estamos construyendo el producto correctamente?.\n Para aplicaciones web, la automatización de esta prueba puede ser hecha directamente con Selenium simulando los retornos esperados. Esta simulación podría hacerse mediante grabación/reproducción o mediante los diferentes lenguajes soportados como se explica en esta documentación.\nPruebas de rendimiento Como su nombre indica, se realizan pruebas de rendimiento para medir qué tan bien está funcionando una aplicación.\nHay dos subtipos principales para las pruebas de rendimiento:\nPruebas de carga La prueba de carga se realiza para verificar qué tan bien la aplicación funciona bajo diferentes cargas definidas ( generalmente un número particular de usuarios conectados a la vez).\nPruebas de estrés Se realizan pruebas de estrés para verificar qué tan bien la aplicación funciona bajo estrés (o por encima de la carga máxima soportada).\nEn general, las pruebas de rendimiento se realizan ejecutando algunas pruebas de Selenium que simulan diferentes usuarios golpeando una función particular en la aplicación web y obteniendo algunas medidas significativas.\nEn general, esto lo hacen otras herramientas que obtienen las métricas. Una de esas herramientas es JMeter.\nPara una aplicación web, los detalles a medir incluyen rendimiento, latencia, pérdida de datos, tiempos de carga de componentes individuales\u0026hellip;\nNota 1: Todos los navegadores tienen una pestaña de rendimiento en su sección de herramientas para desarrolladores (accesible presionando F12)\nNota 2: es un subtipo de pruebas no funcionales ya que esto generalmente se mide por sistema y no por función/funcionalidad.\nPruebas de regresión Esta prueba generalmente se realiza después de un cambio, corrección o adición de funcionalidad.\nPara garantizar que el cambio no ha roto ninguna de las funcionalidades existentes, algunas pruebas ya ejecutadas se ejecutan nuevamente.\nEl conjunto de pruebas ejecutadas nuevamente puede ser total o parcial, y puede incluir varios tipos diferentes, dependiendo del equipo de desarrollo y la aplicación.\nDesarrollo guiado por pruebas (TDD) En lugar de un tipo de prueba per se, TDD es una metodología iterativa de desarrollo en la que las pruebas guían el diseño de una funcionalidad.\nCada ciclo comienza creando un conjunto de pruebas unitarias que la funcionalidad debería pasar finalmente (deberían fallar la primera vez que se ejecuta).\nDespués de esto, se lleva a cabo el desarrollo para pasar las pruebas. Las pruebas se ejecutan nuevamente, comenzando otro ciclo y este proceso continúa hasta que todas las pruebas pasen.\nEl objetivo es acelerar el desarrollo de una aplicación basado en el hecho de que los defectos son menos costosos cuanto más antes se encuentran.\nDesarrollo guiado por comportamiento (BDD) BDD es también una metodología de desarrollo iterativo basado en el TDD anterior, en el que el objetivo es involucrar todas las partes en el desarrollo de una aplicación.\nCada ciclo comienza creando algunas especificaciones (que deberían fallar). Luego creando las pruebas unitarias fallidas (que también deberían fallar) y luego hacer el desarrollo.\nEste ciclo se repite hasta que pasan todos los tipos de pruebas.\nPara realizar esto, se usa un lenguaje de especificación. Debe ser simple y entendible por todas las partes, estándar y explícito. La mayoría de las herramientas usan Gherkin como este lenguaje.\nEl objetivo es poder detectar aún más errores que TDD, apuntando también a posibles errores de aceptación y a facilitar la comunicación entre las partes.\nActualmente hay un conjunto de herramientas disponibles para escribir las especificaciones y relacionarlas con funciones de código, como Cucumber o SpecFlow.\nUn conjunto de herramientas se han construido encima de Selenium para realizar este proceso aún más rápido al transformar directamente las especificaciones de BDD en código ejecutable. Algunas de estas son JBehave, Capybara y Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Trabajando con elementos select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A la hora de seleccionar elementos puede ser necesario código repetitivo para poder ser automatizado. Para reducir esto y hacer tus test mas limpios, existe un clase Select en los paquetes de soporte de Selenium. Para usarla, necesitarás importarla de la siguiente forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Una vez importado, ya podrás crear un objeto Select usando un WebElement que referencie a un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     El objeto Select te proporcionará una serie de comandos que te permitirán interactuar con los elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Lo primero de todo, existen diferentes formas de seleccionar una opción de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Existen tres formas de seleccionar la primera opción del ejemplo que se muestra arriba.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.select_by_index(1) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno del elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo value selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Selecciona una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     Puedes revisar que opciones están seleccionadas usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Devuelve una Lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Devuelve una Lista de [WebElements] con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Devuelve un Array de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Devuelve una Lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; con las opciones que han sido seleccionadas val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Devuelve un WebElement que referencia a la primera opción seleccionada que se encontró en el DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Tambien existe una forma de obtener que elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; contiene un \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Devuelve una lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Devuelve una lista de [WebElements] que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; all_available_options = select_object.options   // Devuelve una IList de \u0026lt;IWebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Devuelve un array de [WebElements] que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Devuelve una lista de \u0026lt;WebElements\u0026gt; que contiene las opciones de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     A la hora de deseleccionar elementos dispones de cuatro opciones:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados select_object.deselect_all()   // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el indice interno de un elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en su atributo `value` selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deseleccionar una \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; basándose en el texto que muestra selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deseleccionar todos los elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; que estan seleccionados selectObject.deselectAll()     Finalmente, existen algunos elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; que te permiten seleccionar mas de una opción. Puedes comprobar si tu elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; es uno de estos usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Acciones del ratón en detalle","tags":[],"description":"","content":"El ratón representa eventos del ratón. Las acciones del ratón son realizadas a través de una interfaz de bajo nivel la cual nos permite introducir acciones de dispositivos virtualizados al navegador web.\nclickAndHold Moverá el ratón al elemento y hará clic (sin soltar) en medio del elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción click-and-hold en el elemento  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Este método en primer lugar realiza un movimiento del ratón a la localización del elemento y realiza un clic contextual (clic derecho) en el elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción context-click en el elemento  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Moverá el ratón al elemento y realizará un clic doble en medio del elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39; sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del botón \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción double-click en el elemento  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Este método mueve el ratón en medio del elemento dado. El elemento ademas es desplazado hacia la vista al realizar la acción.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción move hacia el elemento  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: Este método mueve el ratón desde su posición actual (o desde 0,0) hasta un desplazamiento dado. Si las coordenadas están fuera de la vista de la ventana, entonces el ratón terminará fuera de la ventana del navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Guarda el elemento web del enlace \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Captura el desplazamiento de las posiciones x e y del elemento  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción move hacia la posición del desplazamiento  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Este método en primer lugar realiza una acción click-and-hold en el elemento de origen, después lo mueve a la localización del elemento de destino y por ultimo suelta el clic.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Guarda \u0026#39;source_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de origen source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Guarda \u0026#39;target_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de destino target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción dragAndDrop desde el origen hacia el destino  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Este metodo en primer lugar realiza un click-and-hold en el elemento origen, mueve el ratón al desplacamiento dado y luego suelta el raton.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Guarda \u0026#39;source_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de origen source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Guarda \u0026#39;target_ele\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino y obtiene las coordenadas  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Realiza la acción de dragAndDropBy hacia el desplazamiento destino  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Esta acción suelta el botón izquierdo del ratón. Si se le pasa un WebElement, soltará el botón izquierdo del ratón en el elemento dado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() # Realiza la acción release webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Realiza la acción release driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Realiza la acción release  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navega a la URL  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Guarda \u0026#39;sourceEle\u0026#39; como elemento de origen  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) //Guarda \u0026#39;targetEle\u0026#39; como elemento de destino  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Realiza la acción release  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Acerca de esta documentación","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Estos documentos, como el código en sí, son mantenidos al 100% por voluntarios dentro de la comunidad de Selenium. Muchos lo han estado usando desde su inicio, pero muchos más lo han estado usando desde hace poco y han dado su tiempo para ayudar a mejorar la experiencia de iniciación para los nuevos usuarios.\nSi hay un problema con la documentación, ¡queremos saberlo! La mejor manera de comunicar un problema es visitar https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues y buscar para ver si el problema ya se ha archivado o no. Si no, ¡no dudes en abrir uno!\nMuchos miembros de la comunidad frecuentan el canal Libera #selenium en Libera.chat. ¡No dude en venir y hacer preguntas y si obtiene ayuda que cree que podría ser útil en estos documentos, asegúrese de agregar su contribución! Podemos actualizar estos documentos, pero es mucho más fácil para todos cuando recibimos contribuciones de fuera de los encargados normales.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por múltiples razones, autenticarse en sitios como Gmail y Facebook usando el WebDriver no esta recomendado. Aparte de estar en contra de los términos y condiciones de estos sitios (te expones a que te cierren la cuenta), es un proceso lento y poco fiable.\nLa practica ideal respecto a estos los sitios de emails es usar las APIs que ofrecen, en el caso de Facebook usar las herramientas para desarrolladores las cuales exponen un API para crear cuentas de prueba, amigos, etc. A pesar de que usar un API puede parecer como un esfuerzo extra, lo recuperarás en velocidad, fiabilidad y estabilidad. Ademas el API tiene muy pocas probabilidades de cambiar mientras que las paginas web y los elementos HTML cambian frecuentemente y requieren actualizar tu framework de pruebas constantemente.\nAutenticarse en sitios de terceros usando el WebDriver en cualquier punto de tus tests incrementa el riesgo de que tus pruebas fallen debido a que aumenta la duración de estas. Por regla general cuanto mas largos sean los tests mas frágiles y poco fiables son.\nLas implementaciones del WebDriver que son conformes al W3C también marcan el objecto navigator con la propiedad WebDriver para que los ataques de denegación de servicio (DoS) puedan ser mitigados.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Características avanzadas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/","title":"Esperas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Generalmente se puede decir que WebDriver posee una API de bloqueo. Porque es una biblioteca fuera-de-proceso que instruye al navegador qué hacer, y debido a que la plataforma web tiene una naturaleza intrínsecamente asíncrona, WebDriver no rastrea el estado activo y en tiempo real del DOM. Esto viene con algunos desafíos que discutiremos aquí.\nPor experiencia la mayoría de las intermitencias que surgen del uso de Selenium y WebDriver están conectadas a condiciones de carrera que ocurren entre el navegador y las instrucciones del usuario. Un ejemplo podría ser que el usuario indique al navegador que navegue a una página, luego cuando intentas encontrar un elemento obtienes el error no existe tal elemento.\nConsidera el siguiente documento:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; Las instrucciones de WebDriver pueden parecer lo suficientemente inocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Obtén y almacena el texto del párrafo search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     El problema aquí es que la estrategia de carga de página predeterminada utilizada en WebDriver escucha a que el document.readyState cambie a \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; antes de retornar de la llamada a navigate. Debido a que el elemento p se agregó después de que el documento haya cargado por completo, este script de WebDriver podría ser intermitente. \u0026ldquo;Podría\u0026rdquo; ser intermitente porque no se pueden hacer garantías sobre elementos o eventos que se disparan de forma asíncrona sin esperar —o bloquear— explícitamente esos eventos.\nAfortunadamente, utilizando el conjunto normal de instrucciones disponibles en la interfaz WebElement tales como —WebElement.click y WebElement.sendKeys— que son garantizados para ser síncronos, esto es que las llamadas a funciones no retornaran (o el callback no se activará en los lenguajes de estilo callback) hasta que el comando se haya completado en el navegador. Las API avanzadas de interacción del usuario, Keyboard y Mouse, son excepciones ya que están explícitamente pensadas como comandos asíncronos \u0026ldquo;Haz lo que digo\u0026rdquo;.\nEsperar es hacer que la ejecución automatizada de la tarea transcurra una cierta cantidad de tiempo antes de continuar con el siguiente paso.\nPara superar el problema de las condiciones de carrera. entre el navegador y tu script de WebDriver, la mayoría de los clientes de Selenium se entregan con un paquete wait. Al emplear una espera, está utilizando lo que comúnmente se conoce como una explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Las esperas explícitas están disponibles para los clientes de lenguajes imperativos y procedimentales de Selenium. Permiten que tu código detenga la ejecución del programa, o congelar el hilo, hasta que la condición que le pases se resuelva. La condición se llama con cierta frecuencia, hasta que transcurra el tiempo de espera. Esto significa que mientras la condición retorne un valor falso, seguirá intentando y esperando.\nDado que las esperas explícitas te permiten esperar a que ocurra una condición, hacen una buena combinación para sincronizar el estado entre el navegador y su DOM, y tu script de WebDriver.\nPara remediar nuestro conjunto anterior de instrucciones con errores, podríamos esperar a que la llamada findElement espere hasta que el elemento agregado dinámicamente desde el script se haya agregado al DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Inicializa y espera hasta que se haga clic en el element(link): tiempo de espera en 10 segundos WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Imprime en pantalla el primer resultado System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Inicializa y espera hasta que se haga clic en el element(link): tiempo de espera en 10 segundos val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Imprime en pantalla el primer resultado println(firstResult.text)     Pasamos la condición como referencia de la función que wait ejecutará repetidamente hasta que su valor de retorno sea verdadero. Un valor de retorno \u0026ldquo;verdadero\u0026rdquo; es todo lo que se evalúa como booleano verdadero en el lenguaje en cuestión, como una cadena de caracteres, un número, un booleano, un objeto (incluido un WebElement), o una secuencia o lista poblada (no vacía). Eso significa que una lista vacía se evalúa como falsa. Cuando la condición es verdadera y se cancela el bloqueo de espera, el valor de retorno de la condición se convierte en el valor de retorno de la espera.\nCon este conocimiento, y debido a que la utilidad de espera ignora por defecto los errores no such element, podemos refactorizar nuestras instrucciones para hacerlas mas concisas:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     En este ejemplo, pasamos una función anónima (pero también podríamos definirlo explícitamente como lo hicimos anteriormente para que pueda reutilizarse). El primer y único argumento que se pasa a nuestra condición siempre es una referencia a nuestro objeto controlador, WebDriver. En un entorno multiproceso, debes tener cuidado operando en la referencia del controlador pasada a la condición en lugar de la referencia al controlador en el ámbito externo.\nDebido a que la espera se tragará los errores no such element que se generan cuando no se encuentra el elemento, la condición volverá a intentar hasta que se encuentre el elemento. Luego tomará el valor de retorno, un WebElement, y lo pasara nuevamente a nuestro script.\nSi la condición falla, p.ej. nunca se alcanza un valor de retorno verdadero para la condición, la espera arrojará/generará un error/excepción llamado timeout error.\nOptions La condición de espera se puede personalizar para satisfacer tus necesidades. A veces es innecesario esperar completamente el tiempo de espera predeterminado, ya que la penalización por no alcanzar una condición exitosa puede ser costosa.\nLa espera te permite pasar un argumento para anular el tiempo de espera:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Porque es una ocurrencia bastante común tener que sincronizar el DOM y tus instrucciones, La mayoría de los clientes también vienen con un conjunto de condiciones esperadas predefinidas. Como podría ser obvio por el nombre, son condiciones predefinidas para operaciones frecuentes de espera.\nLas condiciones disponibles varían en las diferentes librerias enlace de los lenguajes, pero esta es una lista no exhaustiva de algunos:\n alert is present (la alerta esta presente) element exists (el elemento existe) element is visible (el elemento es visible) title contains (el titulo contiene) title is (el titulo es) element staleness (estancamiento del elemento) visible text (texto visible)  Puedes consultar la documentación de las API para las librerias de enlace de cada cliente para encontrar una lista exhaustiva de las expected conditions:\n La clase de Java org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions La clase dePython selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions En .NET el tipo OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait Hay un segundo tipo de espera que es distinto de esperas explícitas llamada implicit wait. Al esperar implícitamente, WebDriver sondea el DOM por una cierta duración al intentar encontrar cualquier elemento. Esto puede ser útil cuando ciertos elementos en la página web no están disponibles de inmediato y necesitan algo de tiempo para cargarse.\nEsperar implicitamente que aparezcan elementos está deshabilitado de forma predeterminada y deberá habilitarse manualmente por sesión. Mezclar esperas explícitas y esperas implícitas causará consecuencias no deseadas, es decir, esperara el máximo de tiempo incluso si el elemento está disponible o la condición es verdadera.\nAdvertencia: No mezcles esperas implícitas y explícitas. Hacerlo puede causar tiempos de espera impredecibles. Por ejemplo, establecer una espera implícita de 10 segundos y una espera explícita de 15 segundos podría provocar que ocurra un timeout después de 20 segundos.\nUna espera implícita es decirle a WebDriver que sondee el DOM durante un cierto período de tiempo al intentar encontrar un elemento o elementos si no están disponibles de inmediato. La configuración predeterminada es 0, lo que significa deshabilitado. Una vez establecido, la espera implícita se establece por el tiempo de vida de la sesión.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Aplica un tiempo de espera timeout por 10 segundos await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait La instancia de FluentWait define la cantidad máxima de tiempo para esperar por una condición, así como la frecuencia con la que verificar dicha condición.\nLos usuarios pueden configurar la espera para ignorar tipos específicos de excepciones mientras esperan, como NoSuchElementException cuando buscan un elemento en la página.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Esperando 30 segundos a que un elemento este presente en la página, verificando // si está presente una vez cada 5 segundos  Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Esperando 30 segundos a que un elemento este presente en la página, chequeando  // si está presente una vez cada 5 segundos  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 es una nueva implementación y no comparte el código base que versiones anteriores tenían.\nGrid 4 pretende sacar ventaja de un cierto número de nuevas tecnologías para facilitar la escalada mientras que permiten ejecución en local.\nPara tener todos los detalles de los componentes de Grid 4, entender como funciona, y como instalar la tuya propia, por favor busca a través de las secciones a continuación.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Iniciando con WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Iniciando con WebDriver Selenium permite la automatización de todos los principales navegadores del mercado mediante el uso de WebDriver. WebDriver es una API y un protocolo que define una interfaz de idioma neutral para controlar el comportamiento de los navegadores web. Cada navegador está respaldado por una implementación específica de WebDriver, llamada controlador. El controlador es el componente responsable de delegar en el navegador, y maneja la comunicación hacia y desde Selenium y el navegador.\nEsta separación es parte de un esfuerzo consciente para hacer que los proveedores de navegadores asuman la responsabilidad de la implementación para sus navegadores. Selenium utiliza estos controladores de terceros cuando es posible, pero también proporciona sus propios controladores mantenidos por el proyecto para los casos en que esto no es una realidad.\nEl framework de Selenium unifica todas estas piezas a través de una interfaz orientada al usuario que habilita que los diferentes backends de los navegadores sean utilizados de forma transparente, permitiendo la automatización cruzada entre navegadores y plataformas diferentes.\nSe pueden encontrar más detalles sobre los controladores en Idiosincrasias del controlador.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock de servicios externos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminar las dependencias de servicios externos mejorará en gran medida la velocidad y la estabilidad de tus pruebas.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Clases de apoyo","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Las clases de soporte de WebDriver son proporcionadas para simplificar el mantenimiento de tu código. Proporcionan una buena abstracción para modelar mas fácilmente elementos HTML como objetos de dominio, también proporcionando métodos de ayuda para hacer que el uso de tales objetos sea fácil de razonar. Aprenderemos acerca de:\n Estrategias de localizacion Eventos LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Iniciemos:\nThreadGuard  Esta clase solo esta disponible en la librería de enlace de Java\n ThreadGuard comprueba que se llama a un controlador solo desde el mismo hilo que lo creó. Los problemas de subprocesos, especialmente cuando se ejecutan pruebas en paralelo, pueden tener errores misteriosos y difícil de diagnosticar. El uso de este contenedor evita esta categoría de errores y generará una excepción cuando ocurran.\nEl siguiente ejemplo simula un choque de hilos:\npublic class DriverClash { //El hilo (thread) main (id 1) creó este controlador  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) llama al mismo controlador causando el choque  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } El resultado se muestra a continuación:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Como puede verse en el ejemplo:\n protectedDriver Será creado en el hilo Main. Utilizamos Java Runnable para iniciar un nuevo proceso y un nuevo Thread para ejecutar el proceso. Ambos Thread chocarán porque el Thread principal no tiene protectedDriver en su memoria. ThreadGuard.protect lanzará una excepción.  Nota: Esto no reemplaza la necesidad de usar ThreadLocal para administrar los controladores cuando se ejecutan en paralelo.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dependencia entre pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Una idea muy común y equivocada sobre la automatización de pruebas es en lo que respecta al orden de los tests. Tus tests deberían ser capaces de ejecutarse sin tener en cuenta el orden y no depender los unos de los otros para poder finalizarse satisfactoriamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Mejores reportes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium no está diseñado para informar sobre el estado de los casos de prueba ejecutados. Aprovechando las capacidades de reporte incorporadas en la mayoría de los frameworks de pruebas unitarias es un buen comienzo. La mayoría de los frameworks de pruebas unitarias tienen utilidades que pueden generar reportes con formato xUnit o HTML. Los reportes xUnit son populares para importar resultados a una integración continua (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Aquí hay algunos enlaces para obtener más información sobre la generación de los reportes para varios lenguajes.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Puntos finales de cuadrícula","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver controla un navegador de forma nativa, como lo haría un usuario, ya sea localmente o en una máquina remota utilizando el servidor Selenium, marca un salto adelante en términos de automatización de navegadores.\nSelenium WebDriver se refiere tanto a los enlaces de lenguajes como también a las implementaciones individuales del código controlador del navegador. Esto se conoce comúnmente solo como WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver es una Recomendación W3C\n  WebDriver está diseñado como una interfaz de programación simple y más concisa.\n  WebDriver es una API compacta orientada a objetos.\n  Controla el navegador de manera efectiva.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"WebDriver remoto - servidor","tags":[],"description":"","content":"El servidor siempre se ejecutará en la máquina con el navegador que deseas probar. El servidor se puede usar desde la línea de comandos o mediante configuración de código.\nIniciar el servidor desde la línea de comando Una vez que hayas descargado selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, colócalo en la computadora con el navegador que deseas probar. Entonces, desde el directorio con el jar, ejecuta lo siguiente:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Consideraciones para ejecutar el servidor Se espera que quien inicie la sesión termine cada sesión correctamente, llamando ya sea Selenium#stop() o WebDriver#quit.\nEl servidor de Selenium mantiene registros en memoria para cada sesión en curso, que se borran cuando se invoca Selenium#stop() o WebDriver#quit. Si olvidas finalizar estas sesiones, tu servidor puede perder memoria. Si mantienes sesiones extremadamente largas, probablemente necesitarás detener/salir de vez en cuando (o también aumentar la memoria con la opción -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (desde la version 2.21) El servidor tiene dos timeouts diferentes, que se pueden configurar de la siguiente manera:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controla cuánto tiempo se permite colgar el navegador (valor en segundos).   timeout  Controla cuánto tiempo se permite que el cliente se vaya antes de reclamar la sesión (valor en segundos).    La propiedad del sistema selenium.server.session.timeout ya no es compatible a partir de 2.21.\nTen en cuenta que el browserTimeout está pensado como un mecanismo de timeout de respaldo cuando falla el mecanismo de timeout ordinario, que debe usarse principalmente en entornos de red/servidor para garantizar que los procesos bloqueados/perdidos no permanezcan por mucho tiempo,contaminando el entorno de ejecución.\nConfiguración del servidor de manera programática En teoría, el proceso es tan simple como mapear el DriverServlet a una URL, pero también es posible alojar la página desde en un contenedor ligero, como Jetty configurado completamente en código. Pasos para hacer esto a continuación.\n Descargar selenium-server.zip y descomprimirlos Poner los JAR en el CLASSPATH Crear una nueva clase llamada AppServer. Estoy usando Jetty, por lo que deberás descargar eso también:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver proporciona una API para trabajar con los tres tipos nativos de mensajes emergentes ofrecidos por JavaScript. Estas ventanas emergentes están diseñadas por el navegador y ofrecen personalización limitada.\nAlertas El más simple de estos se conoce como alerta, que muestra unmensaje personalizado y un solo botón que descarta la alerta, etiquetado en la mayoría de los navegadores como OK. También se puede descartar en la mayoría de los navegadores presionando el botón de cerrar, pero esto siempre hará lo mismo que el presionar botón OK. Esto es una alerta de ejemplo.\nWebDriver puede obtener el texto de la ventana emergente y aceptar o descartar estas alertas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable String text = alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable text = alert.text # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable string text = alert.Text; // Presiona el botón OK alert.Accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la aler driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alertta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable alert_text = alert.text # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón OK await alert.accept(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable val text = alert.getText() // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()     Confirm Un cuadro de confirmación es similar a una alerta, excepto que el usuario también puede elegir cancelar el mensaje. Esto es un confirm de ejemplo.\nEste ejemplo también muestra un enfoque diferente para almacenar una alerta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla String text = alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable text = alert.text # Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla string text = alert.Text; // Presiona el botón cancelar alert.Dismiss();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alertta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable alert_text = alert.text # Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Almacena el texto de la alerta en una variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); // Presiona el botón cancelar await alert.dismiss(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Almacena la alerta en una variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() // Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla val text = alert.text //Presiona el botón cancelar alert.dismiss()     Prompt Los prompts son similares a los cuadros de confirmación, excepto que también incluyen una entrada de texto. Similar a trabajar con elementos de los formularios, puedes usar el sendKeys de WebDriver para completar una respuesta. Esto reemplazará completamente el texto por defecto. Al presionar el botón cancelar esto hará que no se envie ningún texto. Esto es un prompt de ejemplo.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); // Inserta tu mensaje alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Espera a que se muestre la alerta wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Almacena la alerta en una variable para poder reusarla alert = Alert(driver) # Inserta tu mensaje alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); // Inserta tu mensaje alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK alert.Accept();   # Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Almacena la referencia de la alerta en una variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Inserta tu mensaje alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Presiona el botón OK alert.accept   // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Espera a que se muestre la alerta await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Almacena la alerta en una variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); // Inserta tu mensaje await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); // Presiona el botón OK await alert.accept(); // Nota: Para usar await, el código mostrado arriba debe estar en una función async    // Haz clic en el enlace para activar la alerta driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() // Espera a que se muestre la alerta y almacenala en una variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) // Inserta tu mensaje alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) // Presiona el botón OK alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Evitar compartir estados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aunque se menciona en varios lugares, vale la pena mencionarlo nuevamente. Asegurate de que las pruebas estén aisladas unas de otras.\n  No compartas datos de prueba. Imagina varias pruebas en la que cada una consulta a la base de datos para pedidos válidos antes de elegir uno para realizar una acción. Si dos pruebas eligen el mismo pedido es probable que obtengas un comportamiento inesperado.\n  Limpia los datos obsoletos en la aplicación que podrían ser recogidos por otra prueba p. ej. registros de pedidos inválidos.\n  Crear una nueva instancia de WebDriver por prueba. Esto ayuda a garantizar el aislamiento de la prueba y simplifica la paralelización.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Pruebas de rendimiento","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Las pruebas de rendimiento usando Selenium y el WebDriver generalmente no son aconsejables. No porque Selenium sea incapaz de ello si no porque no esta optimizado para ello y es poco probable que se obtengan buenos resultados.\nPuede parecer ideal realizar pruebas de rendimiento desde el contexto de un usuario pero una suite de tests del WebDriver esta sujeta a demasiados puntos fragiles tanto internamente como externamente los cuales están fuera de nuestro control. Por ejemplo, la velocidad de puesta en marcha de los navegadores, la velocidad de los servidores HTTP, las respuestas servidores externos que alojan JavaScript o CSS, y la propia penalización debida a la instrumentación de la propia implementación del WebDriver. Cualquier cambio en alguno de estos puntos causará una variación en los resultados. Es difícil separar la diferencia entre el rendimiento de tu sitio web y el rendimiento de tus recursos externos, y también es difícil de definir el impacto negativo en el rendimiento debido al uso del WebDriver en el navegador especialmente si estas inyectando scripts.\nOtra de las principales atracciones es el \u0026ldquo;ahorrarse tiempo\u0026rdquo; llevando a cabo las pruebas funcionales y de rendimiento al mismo tiempo. Sin embargo los tests funcionales y de rendimiento tienen objetivos totalmente opuestos. A la hora de probar funcionalidades, debemos de ser pacientes y esperar a que finalice la carga esto enturbiará los resultados de las pruebas de rendimiento y viceversa.\nPara mejorar el rendimiento de tu pagina web, necesitarás ser capaz de analizar el rendimiento general, independientemente de las diferencias entre entornos, de identificar malas practicas en el código, de descomponer el rendimiento de de los diferentes recursos (ej. CSS en JavaScript) con el fin de saber donde mejorar. Existen herramientas de pruebas de rendimiento disponibles que ya pueden hacer este trabajo y las cuales pueden proveer de informes y análisis que incluso pueden hacer sugerencias de mejora.\nEste es un ejemplo de un paquete (de código libre) que se puede usar, JMeter.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Trabajando con las cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Una cookie es una pequeña pieza de datos que es enviada desde el sitio web y es almacenada en el ordenador. Las cookies son usadas principalmente para reconocer al usuario y cargar la información almacenada.\nEl API de WebDriver proporciona una forma de interactuar con las cookies a través de métodos incorporados como:\nAñadir una Cookie Este método es usado para añadir una cookie al contexto actual del navegador. Este método solo acepta un conjunto de objetos JSON serializables definidos. En este enlace  esta la lista de claves valor JSON que son aceptadas.\nLo primero de todo, necesitas estar en el dominio para el que la cookie es valida. Si intentas añadir un conjunto de cookies preestablecidas antes de empezar a interactuar con el sitio web y la pagina de inicio es muy pesada o tarda demasiado en cargar una alternativa es encontrar una pagina mas pequeña en el sitio (típicamente la pagina del error 404 es liviana ej. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Obtener una cookie por nombre Devuelve la información de la cookie serializada que concuerda con el nombre de la cookie entre todas las cookies asociadas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade una cookie al contexto actual del navegador driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade una cookie en el dominio actual  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Obtiene los detalles de la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Obtener todas las cookies Devuelve la información serializada de las cookies de manera satisfactoria para el contexto actual del navegador. Si el navegador no esta disponible devolverá un error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Añade varias cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Obtiene todas las cookies disponibles  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Borrado de una Cookie Borra la información de la cookie que coincida con el nombre de la cookie proporcionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java tambien proporciona una forma de borrar cookies pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador. */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .Net tambien proporciona una forma de borrar cookies  // pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador.  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Muestra todas las cookies disponibles  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // Borra la cookie con el nombre \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // Borra una cookie pasando un objeto cookie del contexto actual del navegador.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }R     Borra todas las Cookies Borra todas las cookies del contexto actual del navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Borra todas las cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navega a la URL driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Borra todas las cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Borra todas las cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Borra todas las cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade varias cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Borra todas las cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Borra todas las cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     El Atributo Same-Site cookie Este atributo permite al usuario enseñar a los navegadores a controlar que cookies son mandadas junto con las peticiones iniciadas por servicios externos. Esto introducido con la intención de prevenir ataques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) El atributo Same-Site acepta dos parámetros como instrucciones:\nEstricto: Cuando el atributo sameSite esta fijado como Strict (estricto en español), la cookie no será enviada junto a las peticiones iniciadas por paginas web externas.\nLaxo: Cuando el atributo sameSite se fija como Lax (Laxo en español), la cookie será enviada junto con la petición GET iniciada por paginas web externas.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Añade la cookie en el contexto actual del navegador con el parámetro  # sameSite como \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (o) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Añade la cookie en el contexto actual del navegador con el parámetro  // sameSite como \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (o) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver remoto Puedes usar WebDriver de forma remota de la misma manera que lo usarías localmente. La principal diferencia es que un WebDriver remoto debe ser configurado para que pueda ejecutar tus pruebas en una máquina diferente.\nUn WebDriver remoto se compone de dos piezas: un cliente y un servidor. El cliente es tu prueba de WebDriver y el servidor es simplemente un servlet Java, que se puede alojar en cualquier servidor moderno de aplicaciones JEE.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guías y recomendaciones","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Guías y recomendaciones Una nota sobre \u0026ldquo;Mejores prácticas\u0026rdquo;: hemos evitado intencionalmente la frase \u0026ldquo;Mejores Prácticas\u0026rdquo; en esta documentación. Ningún enfoque funciona para todas las situaciones. Preferimos la idea de \u0026ldquo;Directrices y recomendaciones\u0026rdquo;. Te alentamos a leer a través de estos y decidir cuidadosamente cuales enfoques funcionarían para ti en tu entorno particular.\nLas pruebas funcionales son difíciles de realizar por muchas razones. Como si el estado de la aplicación, la complejidad y las dependencias no dificultaran las pruebas, tratar con navegadores (especialmente con incompatibilidades entre navegadores) hace que escribir buenas pruebas sea un desafío.\nSelenium proporciona herramientas para facilitar la interacción funcional del usuario, pero no le ayuda a escribir conjuntos de pruebas bien diseñados. En este capítulo ofrecemos consejos, pautas y recomendaciones sobre cómo abordar la automatización funcional de páginas web.\nEste capítulo registra los patrones de diseño de software populares entre muchos de los usuarios de Selenium que han demostrado tener éxito a lo largo de los años.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Independencia en las pruebas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Escribe cada prueba como su propia unidad. Escribe las pruebas de una manera que no dependan de otras pruebas para completarse:\nDigamos que hay un sistema de gestión de contenido con el que puedes crear algún contenido personalizado que luego después publicar aparece en tu sitio web como un módulo, y puede llevar algún tiempo sincronizar entre el CMS y y la aplicación.\nUna forma incorrecta de probar tu módulo es que el contenido está creado y publicado en una prueba y luego verificando el módulo en otra prueba. Esta no es factible ya que el contenido puede no estar disponible de inmediato para otra prueba después de la publicación.\nEn cambio, puedes crear un contenido auxiliar que se puede activar y desactivar dentro de la prueba afectada y úsarla para validar el módulo. Sin embargo, para la creación de contenido, aún puedes tener una prueba por separado.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxies Http","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un servidor proxy actúa como intermediario para solicitudes entre un cliente y un servidor. En forma simple, el tráfico fluye a través del servidor proxy en camino a la dirección solicitada y de regreso.\nUn servidor proxy para scripts de automatización con Selenium podría ser útil para:\n Captura el tráfico de la red Simular llamadas de backend realizadas por el sitio web Accede al sitio web requerido bajo topologías de red complejas o restricciones/políticas corporativas estrictas.  Si te encuentras en un entorno corporativo, y un navegador no puede conectarse a una URL, esto es muy probablemente porque el ambiente necesita un proxy para acceder.\nSelenium WebDriver proporciona una via para configurar el proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Rastreo de enlaces","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Usando WebDriver para arañar una web a través de enlaces no es una práctica recomendada, no porque no se pueda hacer, pero porque definitivamente no es la herramienta más ideal. WebDriver necesita tiempo para iniciarse, y puede tomar varios de segundos hasta un minuto dependiendo de cómo se escriba tu prueba, solo para llegar a la página y atravesar el DOM.\nEn lugar de usar WebDriver para esto, podrías ahorrar un montón de tiempo ejecutando un comando curl, o usando una librería como BeautifulSoup ya que estos métodos no se basan en crear un navegador y navegar a una página. Estás ahorrando toneladas de tiempo al no utilizar WebDriver para esta tarea.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considerar el uso de un API fluída","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler acuñó el término \u0026ldquo;API fluido\u0026rdquo;. Selenium ya implementa algo como esto en su clase FluentWait, que se entiende como una alternativa a la clase estándar Wait. Puedes habilitar el patrón de diseño Fluent API en tu objeto de página y luego consulta la página de búsqueda de Google con un fragmento de código como este:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); La clase de objeto de página de Google con este comportamiento fluido podría verse así:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // Si load() falla, se llama a isLoaded() hasta que la página termine de cargarse  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Inicializa los WebElements en la pagina  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Estrategia de carga de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Define la estrategia de carga de la página en la sesión actual. Por defecto, cuando Selenium WebDriver carga una página, sigue la pageLoadStrategy normal. Siempre se recomienda detener la descarga de más recursos adicionales (como imágenes, css, js) cuando la carga de la página lleva mucho tiempo.\nLa propiedad document.readyState de un documento describe el estado de carga del documento actual. Por defecto, WebDriver esperará responder a una llamada driver.get() (o) driver.navigate().to() hasta que el estado de documento listo esté completo\nEn aplicaciones SPA (como Angular, React, Ember) una vez que el contenido dinámico ya está cargado (es decir, una vez que el estado de pageLoadStrategy es COMPLETO), hacer clic en un enlace o realizar alguna acción dentro de la página no hará una nueva solicitud al servidor ya que el contenido se carga dinámicamente en el lado del cliente sin una actualización de la página.\nLas aplicaciones de SPA pueden cargar muchas vistas dinámicamente sin ninguna solicitud del servidor, por lo que pageLoadStrategy siempre mostrará el estado \u0026lsquo;COMPLETO\u0026rsquo; hasta que hagamos un nuevo driver.get() y driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy permite los siguientes valores:\nnormal Esto hará que Selenium WebDriver espere a que se cargue toda la página. Cuando se establece en normal, Selenium WebDriver espera hasta que se dispare el evento load y sea retornado.\nPor defecto normal se establece en el navegador si no se proporciona ninguno.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Esto hará que Selenium WebDriver espere hasta que el documento HTML inicial se haya cargado y analizado por completo, y descarta la carga de hojas de estilo, imágenes y sub marcos.\nCuando se establece en eager, Selenium WebDriver espera hasta que se dispare el evento DOMContentLoaded y sea retornado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Cuando se establece en none Selenium WebDriver solo espera hasta que se descargue la página inicial.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/","title":"Malas prácticas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Malas prácticas "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Elemento web","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement representa un elemento del DOM. Los WebElements se pueden encontrar buscando desde la raíz del documento utilizando una instancia de WebDriver o buscando en otra WebElement.\nEl API WebDriver proporciona métodos integrados para encontrar los elementos web que son basados en diferentes propiedades como ID, Nombre, Clase, XPath, Selectores CSS, Texto de enlace, etc.\nFind Element Se utiliza para encontrar un elemento y devuelve la primera referencia única de WebElement que coincide, que puede usarse para acciones futuras con el elemento\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Ejecuta una acción utilizando WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ // Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Ejecuta una acción utilizando WebElemen await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Obtén el elemento cuadro de búsqueda del webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; utilizando Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar a \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, pero devuelve una lista de elementos web coincidentes. Para usar un WebElement particular de la lista, debes recorrerla lista de elementos para realizar acciones con el elemento seleccionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navega a la Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navega a la URL  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element desde Element Se utiliza para encontrar un elemento hijo dentro del contexto del elemento padre. Para lograr esto, el WebElement primario se encadena con \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; para acceder a elementos secundarios.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Obtén y almacena el elemento DOM `\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;` search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Obtén el elemento de caja de búsqueda del elemento `form` search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Ejecuta una acción usando WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navega a la URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Obtén y alamacena el elemento DOM `\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;` let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Obtén el elemento de caja de búsqueda del elemento `form` let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Ejecuta una acción usando WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements desde Element Se utiliza para encontrar una lista de elementos hijos dentro del contexto del elemento padre. Para lograr esto, el WebElement primario se encadena con \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo;para acceder a elementos secundarios.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navega a la URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Obten el elemento con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Obtén todos los elementos con el nombre de etiqueta \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element Se utiliza para rastrear (o) encontrar el elemento DOM que tiene el foco en el contexto de navegación actual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navega a la URL  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Obtener el atributo del elemento activo actual  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled Este método se utiliza para comprobar si el elemento conectado está habilitado o deshabilitado en una página web. Devuelve un valor booleano, True si el elemento conectado es habilitado en el contexto de navegación actual, de lo contrario, devuelve false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Nueva instancia del navegador por prueba","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comienza cada prueba desde un estado limpio conocido. Idealmente, ejecuta una nueva máquina virtual para cada prueba. Si ejecutar una nueva máquina virtual no es práctico, al menos inicia un nuevo WebDriver para cada prueba. Para Firefox, inicia un WebDriver con su perfil conocido.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Comportamientos del controlador","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comportamientos del controlador "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Teclado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard representa un evento del teclado. Las acciones del teclado se realizan mediante el uso de una interfaz de bajo nivel que nos permite proporcionar entradas de un dispositivo virtualizado al navegador web.\nsendKeys El sendKeys escribe una secuencia de teclas en el elemento del DOM incluso si se encuentra una secuencia de teclas modificadoras. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown KeyDown se usa para simular la acción de presionar una tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Inserta el texto \u0026#34;Webdriver\u0026#34; y ejecuta la accion del teclado \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Ejecuta la acción ctrl + A (modificador CONTROL + Alfabeto A) para seleccionar la página\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp KeyUp se usa para simular la acción de liberar (o) desbloqueo de una tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Almacena el WebElement del cuadro de búsqueda de Google  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Ingresa el texto \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; con keyDown en la tecla SHIFT y después de keyUp a la tecla SHIFT (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Borra el contenido de un elemento editable. Esto solo se aplica a los elementos que son editables e interactuables, de lo contrario, Selenium devuelve el error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Borra el texto ingresado\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navega a la URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;t\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Borra el texto ingresado\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navega a la URL\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Almacena el elemento \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39;\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Borra el texto ingresado\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/","title":"Paquetes de soporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Paquetes de soporte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy En esta sección puedes encontrar toda la documentación relacionada con los componentes legacy (heredados) de Selenium. Esto está destinado a mantenerse únicamente por razones históricas y no como un incentivo para utilizar componentes en desuso.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/","title":"Texto preliminar","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Texto preliminar "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Spanish. Do you speak Spanish? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/","title":"Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores Selenium es un proyecto que alberga un abanico de herramientas y librerías que permiten y apoyan la automatización de navegadores web.\nProporciona extensiones que permiten emular las interacciones que realizan los usuarios con los navegadores, un servidor que permite distribuir la asignación de navegadores de forma escalable, y la infraestructura necesaria para las implementaciones de la especificación del WebDriver del W3C, el cual permite escribir código intercambiable para los navegadores web mas usados.\nEste proyecto es posible gracias a los colaboradores voluntarios, los cuales han dedicado miles de horas de su propio tiempo haciendo así que el código fuente esté disponible de manera gratuita para que cualquiera pueda usarlo, disfrutarlo y mejorarlo.\nSelenium conecta a proveedores de navegadores web, ingenieros y entusiastas para promover un debate abierto sobre la automatización de plataformas web. El proyecto organiza una conferencia anual con el fin de enseñar y nutrir a la comunidad.\nEl corazón de Selenium es el WebDriver, una interfaz que permite escribir conjuntos de instrucciones que se pueden ejecutar de manera indistinta en muchos navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Añade el texto \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; y efectúa la acción de la tecla \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Puedes ver este tour rápido para una explicación completa de lo que sucede entre bastidores cuando se ejecuta el código. Es recomendable continuar con el planteamiento que ofrece esta documentación para entender como se puede instalar y usar correctamente Selenium como herramienta de automatización de pruebas, y como se puede escalar pruebas simples como el ejemplo anterior, en grandes entornos con múltiples navegadores en diferentes sistemas operativos.\nEmpezando Si eres nuevo con Selenium, tenemos una serie de recursos que te pueden ayudar a ponerte al día de inmediato\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index a687840dc628..4ce9377e8fe3 100644
--- a/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Acerca de esta documentación :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 en <a href=https://libera.chat/>Libera.chat</a>. ¡No dude en venir y hacer preguntas
 y si obtiene ayuda que cree que podría ser útil en estos documentos, asegúrese
 de agregar su contribución! Podemos actualizar estos documentos, pero es mucho
-más fácil para todos cuando recibimos contribuciones de fuera de los encargados normales.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“Acerca de esta documentación”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/ title="Instalación de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+más fácil para todos cuando recibimos contribuciones de fuera de los encargados normales.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“Acerca de esta documentación”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/ title="Instalación de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/introduction/index.html b/documentation/es/introduction/index.html
index 541a73400fb0..ccb6127f3083 100644
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+permiten y sustentan la automatización de navegadores web.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>“Introducción”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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@@ -448,5 +448,5 @@
 aplicación tiene una fecha limite muy ajustada, actualmente no hay
 ningún tipo de automatización de pruebas, y es imperativo que las
 pruebas se realicen dentro de la fecha limite, entonces las pruebas es la
-mejor solución.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Sobre automatización de pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+mejor solución.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Sobre automatización de pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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--- a/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
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@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@
 orientadas al navegador. Recientemente este esfuerzo se ha convertido
 en un proceso de estandarización del W3C donde el objetivo es
 convertir el componente WebDriver en Selenium en la librería de
-control remoto <em>du jour</em> para agentes de usuario.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/ title=Introducción><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automatización de pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+control remoto <em>du jour</em> para agentes de usuario.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/ title=Introducción><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automatización de pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index 67d4490a37a4..f1dac26855bc 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
@@ -149,5 +149,5 @@
 código, como <strong>Cucumber</strong> o <strong><em>SpecFlow.</em></strong></p><p>Un conjunto de herramientas se han construido encima de Selenium para realizar
 este proceso aún más rápido al transformar directamente las
 especificaciones de BDD en código ejecutable. Algunas de estas son
-<strong><em>JBehave, Capybara y Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Tipos de pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automatización de pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Acerca de esta documentación" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<strong><em>JBehave, Capybara y Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Tipos de pruebas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automatización de pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Acerca de esta documentación" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index 928980f21046..b8cf27322b8b 100644
--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>HTML runner :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -148,5 +148,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando de RC a WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando de RC a WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/index.html
index 18960bad4d1e..5ad086cc177a 100644
--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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+Esto está destinado a mantenerse únicamente por razones históricas y no como un incentivo para utilizar componentes en desuso.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
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--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Migrando de RC a WebDriver :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -236,5 +236,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Observa cómo la variable &ldquo;element&rdquo; pasada aparece como el primer elemento
 en la matriz de &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; estándar de JS.</p><h3 id=ejecutar-javascript-no-retorna-nada>Ejecutar Javascript no retorna nada</h3><p>JavascriptExecutor de WebDriver envolverá todo JS y lo evaluará como una expresión anónima. Esto significa que debes usar la tecla &ldquo;return&rdquo;</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>resulta en:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrando de RC a WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrando de RC a WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 962204318f9b..2726c120d440 100644
--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -145,5 +145,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“WebDriver remoto - servidor”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/ title="Texto preliminar" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“WebDriver remoto - servidor”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/front_matter/ title="Texto preliminar" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index 556047efb99f..8df788942f91 100644
--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 84a57708cdde..f56eeea8a0a2 100644
--- a/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -1130,5 +1130,5 @@
 establece localhost:4444 como el proxy HTTP, es por eso que
 cualquier solicitud HTTP que haga el navegador pasará a través
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-desde el servidor real. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando de RC a WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+desde el servidor real. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando de RC a WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 1a8b29e2ae6b..8ffbbe162e12 100644
--- a/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver remoto :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/remote_webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 configurado para que pueda ejecutar tus pruebas en una máquina diferente.</p><p>Un WebDriver remoto se compone de dos piezas: un cliente y un
 servidor. El cliente es tu prueba de WebDriver y el servidor es
 simplemente un servlet Java, que se puede alojar en cualquier
-servidor moderno de aplicaciones JEE.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/>“WebDriver remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="WebDriver remoto - cliente" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+servidor moderno de aplicaciones JEE.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/>“WebDriver remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="WebDriver remoto - cliente" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index fd05f31fd4c0..17f8e4d6e86d 100644
--- a/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -384,5 +384,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“WebDriver remoto - cliente”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guías y recomendaciones" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“WebDriver remoto - cliente”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guías y recomendaciones" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Instalación de Selenium :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 Para usar Selenium en tu proyecto de automatización,
 necesitas instalar las librerías de enlace de tu lenguaje de preferencia.
 Además necesitarás los binarios de WebDriver para los navegadores
-en los que deseas automatizar y ejecutar pruebas.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/>“Instalación de Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Acerca de esta documentación"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Instalando las librerías de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+en los que deseas automatizar y ejecutar pruebas.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/>“Instalación de Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Acerca de esta documentación"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Instalando las librerías de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
index 3791d0495215..1d5d86b2548b 100644
--- a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Instalando las librerías de Selenium :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@
 hacer usando gem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>La instalación de las librerías de Selenium para JavaScript se puede
 hacer usando npm:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Debido a la falta de librerías de enlace de idioma nativas para Kotlin, debe usar las de Java, p. ej. con Maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Instalando las librerías de Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/ title="Instalación de Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando los binarios de WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Debido a la falta de librerías de enlace de idioma nativas para Kotlin, debe usar las de Java, p. ej. con Maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Instalando las librerías de Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/ title="Instalación de Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando los binarios de WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index 0aaaad835c02..4a1c6f288b1d 100644
--- a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Instalación del servidor Standalone :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 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@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Instalación del servidor Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando los binarios de WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Iniciando con WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Instalación del servidor Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando los binarios de WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Iniciando con WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index da44ac7bd5f3..7c122425414a 100644
--- a/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/selenium_installation/>Instalación de Selenium</a> > Instalando los binarios de WebDriver</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Instalando los binarios de WebDriver</h1><p>Para ejecutar tu proyecto y controlar el navegador, debes tener
 instalados los binarios de WebDriver específicos para el navegador.</p><p>Descarga el <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/>binario de WebDriver</a>
 soportado por tu navegador y colócalo en el
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diff --git a/documentation/es/sitemap.xml b/documentation/es/sitemap.xml
index 2af7fdf8bd0b..83aaf7108fc1 100644
--- a/documentation/es/sitemap.xml
+++ b/documentation/es/sitemap.xml
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diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
index bd44134859bc..271108d3c3c1 100644
--- a/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -493,5 +493,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabajando con las cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabajando con las cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/index.html
index 78789b4a2791..d3c87a6398d9 100644
--- a/documentation/es/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > Paquetes de soporte</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=paquetes-de-soporte>Paquetes de soporte</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/>“Paquetes de soporte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capacidades específicas de los Drivers"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabajando con colores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Borrar Historial</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Editar esta página" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.es.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Editar esta página</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/>Selenium, el proyecto para automatizar navegadores</a> > Paquetes de soporte</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=paquetes-de-soporte>Paquetes de soporte</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/>“Paquetes de soporte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capacidades específicas de los Drivers"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabajando con colores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index 02b52c72696c..b3fadd613656 100644
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+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Acciones del ratón en detalle :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -1198,5 +1198,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Acciones del ratón en detalle”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabajando con elementos select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabajando con las cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Acciones del ratón en detalle”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabajando con elementos select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabajando con las cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index c8261faee971..b4245e9f4a35 100644
--- a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabajando con colores :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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@@ -325,5 +325,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Con todo esto los colores ya no serán un problema.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Trabajando con colores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/ title="Paquetes de soporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabajando con elementos select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Con todo esto los colores ya no serán un problema.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Trabajando con colores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/ title="Paquetes de soporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabajando con elementos select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index be6683870f25..ce7d7d136c48 100644
--- a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabajando con las cookies :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -811,5 +811,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Trabajando con las cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Acciones del ratón en detalle"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Trabajando con las cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Acciones del ratón en detalle"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 7918227f2668..d0c47b16183d 100644
--- a/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabajando con elementos select :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
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@@ -397,5 +397,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Trabajando con elementos select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabajando con colores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Acciones del ratón en detalle" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Trabajando con elementos select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabajando con colores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Acciones del ratón en detalle" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/tags/index.html b/documentation/es/tags/index.html
index b9978a5abd01..e22fae97d335 100644
--- a/documentation/es/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 32ef834a93b3..eaa9f039d56e 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulación de Navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulación de Navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 78c85512ffc8..69f6e8fe434b 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -1453,5 +1453,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode29 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulación de Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulación de Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 0078a05419b9..68dc96243ac2 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -622,5 +622,5 @@
 Ya que el proyecto esta sin soporte desde el <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LduNE>5 de
 gosto</a>, cuando Google
 anunció que Chrome tendría la capacidad de ser un navegador sin interfaz grafica,
-algo que también ha ofrecido Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Requerimientos de los controladores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendiendo los componentes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+algo que también ha ofrecido Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Requerimientos de los controladores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendiendo los componentes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index c7f8d39930fa..a4405afe7df0 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -208,5 +208,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxies Http”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estrategia de carga de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxies Http”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estrategia de carga de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/index.html
index 98144c448677..ad38b428b1f7 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 automatización de navegadores.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver se refiere tanto a los enlaces de lenguajes como también
 a las implementaciones individuales del código controlador del
 navegador. Esto se conoce comúnmente solo como <em>WebDriver</em>.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver es una <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>Recomendación W3C</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver está diseñado como una interfaz de programación
-simple y más concisa.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver es una API compacta orientada a objetos.</p></li><li><p>Controla el navegador de manera efectiva.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Navegadores de terceros y plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendiendo los componentes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+simple y más concisa.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver es una API compacta orientada a objetos.</p></li><li><p>Controla el navegador de manera efectiva.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Navegadores de terceros y plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendiendo los componentes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index e4eab0fd2988..c8716fdff56d 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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@@ -396,5 +396,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Presiona el botón OK
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Clases de apoyo"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Clases de apoyo"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index 53a28c8094be..a92d02be9d81 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -585,5 +585,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/>“Teclado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento web"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/>“Teclado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento web"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index 9a15cc3f5048..b02f0eee3410 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Localizando elementos :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -458,5 +458,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localizando elementos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimientos de los controladores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulación de Navegadores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localizando elementos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimientos de los controladores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulación de Navegadores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index af03f579a571..8b58e0b8bbd3 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Estrategia de carga de página :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -408,5 +408,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Estrategia de carga de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento web" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Estrategia de carga de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento web" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 1a9f4a5fc6ff..a99da77c9fc5 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/support_classes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>Como puede verse en el ejemplo:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Será creado en el hilo Main.</li><li>Utilizamos Java <code>Runnable</code> para iniciar un nuevo proceso y un nuevo <code>Thread</code> para ejecutar el proceso.</li><li>Ambos <code>Thread</code> chocarán porque el Thread principal no tiene <code>protectedDriver</code> en su memoria.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lanzará una excepción.</li></ul><h4 id=nota>Nota:</h4><p>Esto no reemplaza la necesidad de usar <code>ThreadLocal</code> para administrar los controladores cuando se ejecutan en paralelo.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/>“Clases de apoyo”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>Como puede verse en el ejemplo:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Será creado en el hilo Main.</li><li>Utilizamos Java <code>Runnable</code> para iniciar un nuevo proceso y un nuevo <code>Thread</code> para ejecutar el proceso.</li><li>Ambos <code>Thread</code> chocarán porque el Thread principal no tiene <code>protectedDriver</code> en su memoria.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lanzará una excepción.</li></ul><h4 id=nota>Nota:</h4><p>Esto no reemplaza la necesidad de usar <code>ThreadLocal</code> para administrar los controladores cuando se ejecutan en paralelo.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/>“Clases de apoyo”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, avisos y confirmaciones de JavaScript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index 661cb743ef3e..fd0c79622aa5 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Entendiendo los componentes :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 y los pasos de tus tests. Como tal, puedes pensar que se parece
 a la siguiente imagen.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="Test framework"></p><p>Los <em>frameworks</em> o herramientas de lenguage natural como Cucumber pueden existir
 como parte de la caja de <em>Test Framework</em> de la figura de arriba, o envolver totalmente
-el <em>Test Framework</em> en su propia implementación.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Entendiendo los componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimientos de los controladores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+el <em>Test Framework</em> en su propia implementación.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Entendiendo los componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimientos de los controladores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/index.html
index e901fc5f7e84..b8d1bb19850f 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Esperas :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/waits/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -539,5 +539,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/>“Esperas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Clases de apoyo" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/waits/>“Esperas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Clases de apoyo" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index d33006b65979..406a30c21825 100644
--- a/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Elemento web :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Elemento web :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -963,5 +963,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/>“Elemento web”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estrategia de carga de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/web_element/>“Elemento web”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estrategia de carga de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index 764b0e2d1b56..10326971e585 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em> o en español <em>Prueba de Turing Completamente
 Automática y Pública para diferenciar Ordenadores de Humanos</em>,
 está explícitamente diseñado para prevenir la automatización, ¡así que no intentes
-automatizarlo!</p><p>Existen dos estrategias principales para evitar los CAPTCHAs:</p><ul><li>Deshabilitar los CAPTCHAs en tus entornos de pruebas.</li><li>Agrega un parámetro que permita que las pruebas hagan un baipás.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/ title="Malas prácticas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+automatizarlo!</p><p>Existen dos estrategias principales para evitar los CAPTCHAs:</p><ul><li>Deshabilitar los CAPTCHAs en tus entornos de pruebas.</li><li>Agrega un parámetro que permita que las pruebas hagan un baipás.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/ title="Malas prácticas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index dde626905020..32b2381900a2 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Descarga de archivos :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 de la emulación de las interacciones de los usuarios con las plataformas web.
 En lugar de ello, se recomienda encontrar el enlace con Selenium (y cualquier
 Cookie requerida) y pasarselo a una librería que permita hacer peticiones HTTP
-como <a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>El <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> puede descargar archivos adjuntos accediendo a ellos como flujos de entrada mediante la implementación de la interfaz <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a>. El AttachmentHandler se puede agregar al <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Descarga de archivos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respuesta HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+como <a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>El <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> puede descargar archivos adjuntos accediendo a ellos como flujos de entrada mediante la implementación de la interfaz <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a>. El AttachmentHandler se puede agregar al <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Descarga de archivos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respuesta HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index 290ee82d8981..fb9392384e02 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239581></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Buscar...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 son.</p><p>Las implementaciones del WebDriver que son
 <a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>conformes al W3C</a>
 también marcan el objecto <code>navigator</code> con la propiedad <code>WebDriver</code> para que los
-ataques de denegación de servicio (<em>DoS</em>) puedan ser mitigados.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respuesta HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependencia entre pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ataques de denegación de servicio (<em>DoS</em>) puedan ser mitigados.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respuesta HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependencia entre pruebas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 6d3624575f5d..f07e9eeec196 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231150></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@
 Usar un proxy te permite decidir como actuar frente a redirecciones.
 Ademas, no todos los navegadores hacen que los códigos de respuesta estén
 disponibles para el WebDriver, es por eso que optar por un proxy te permitirá
-disponer de una solución común para todos los navegadores.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Códigos de respuesta HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Descarga de archivos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+disponer de una solución común para todos los navegadores.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Códigos de respuesta HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Descarga de archivos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Autenticarse con Gmail, email y Facebook" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/index.html
index fb2cf3877ae8..84a07808f9f5 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index caa517c53493..d6c096d11d1e 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 ya que estos métodos no se basan
 en crear un navegador y navegar a una página.
 Estás ahorrando toneladas de tiempo al no utilizar
-WebDriver para esta tarea.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Rastreo de enlaces”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Pruebas de rendimiento"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+WebDriver para esta tarea.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Rastreo de enlaces”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Pruebas de rendimiento"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index e410b27909e8..82b4599e3fa1 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
+<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Pruebas de rendimiento :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -119,5 +119,5 @@
 Existen herramientas de pruebas de rendimiento disponibles que ya pueden hacer
 este trabajo y las cuales pueden proveer de informes y análisis que incluso
 pueden hacer sugerencias de mejora.</p><p>Este es un ejemplo de un paquete (de código libre) que se puede usar,
-<a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Pruebas de rendimiento”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependencia entre pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Rastreo de enlaces" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Pruebas de rendimiento”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependencia entre pruebas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Rastreo de enlaces" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index bdd15448612d..f48e6f4fb420 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=es class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Dependencia entre pruebas :: Documentación de Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 que respecta al orden de los tests. Tus tests deberían ser capaces de ejecutarse
 sin tener en cuenta el orden y no depender los unos de los otros para poder finalizarse
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 9e22dc399a56..6b4eada14b04 100644
--- a/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/es";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/ title=Empezando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/>Empezando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/getting_started/quick/ title="Guía rápida" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/getting_started/quick/>Guía rápida
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/ title=Introducción class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/>Introducción
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>El proyecto Selenium y sus herramientas
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our
 Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.</p><p>There are few options to get around 2FA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can
 use those user credentials in the automation.</li><li>Disable 2FA in your test environment.</li><li>Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our
-test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Descarga de archivos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Descarga de archivos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/404.html b/documentation/fr/404.html
index c451b5b80c98..e13772f9a9f8 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/404.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Erreur</h1><p></p><p>Oups. On dirait que cette page n'existe pas ¯\_(ツ)_/¯</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr>Vers la page d'accueil</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Erreur</h1><p></p><p>Oups. On dirait que cette page n'existe pas ¯\_(ツ)_/¯</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr>Vers la page d'accueil</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/categories/index.html b/documentation/fr/categories/index.html
index fd102eb4ffc6..a61318787e1c 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/categories/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/ selected>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/contributing/index.html b/documentation/fr/contributing/index.html
index b20f1ea8586d..84dc697b1422 100644
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+++ b/documentation/fr/contributing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 l&rsquo;intégrer dans la branche principale du référentiel. Parce que nous aimons garder un
 histoire linéaire sur la branche principale, nous allons normalement écraser et rebaser
 l&rsquo;historique de votre succursale.</p><h2 id=communication>Communication</h2><p>Tous les détails sur la façon de communiquer avec les contributeurs du projet
-et la communauté dans son ensemble se trouve sur <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+et la communauté dans son ensemble se trouve sur <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Site & Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index 4070722a2ec4..34dc5ed5c475 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -674,5 +674,5 @@
     }
 }
 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Capabilities spécifiques du Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Capabilities partagées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/ title="Packages de support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Capabilities spécifiques du Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Capabilities partagées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/ title="Packages de support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/ selected>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Singularités du Driver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=singularités-du-driver>Singularités du Driver</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Singularités du Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Points de terminaison de la grille"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Capabilities partagées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Singularités du Driver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=singularités-du-driver>Singularités du Driver</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Singularités du Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Points de terminaison de la grille"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Capabilities partagées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index 8d89a78bad78..69b4b9e7234c 100644
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@@ -170,5 +170,5 @@
 valeurs définies pour le navigateur.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks
 should be applied to <em>input type=file</em> elements. As strict interactability
 checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour
-when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Capabilities partagées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Singularités du Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capabilities spécifiques du Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Capabilities partagées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Singularités du Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capabilities spécifiques du Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index ac98316edc6a..d7611d681004 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1292,5 +1292,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright et attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Conventions typographique" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright et attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Conventions typographique" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/fr/front_matter/index.html
index a95e5cd12d24..96f78831a162 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Front matter</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
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-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=front-matter>Front matter</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/>“Front matter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Le serveur Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=front-matter>Front matter</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/>“Front matter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Le serveur Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index bbcf2406d62a..be264c93daff 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@
 rupture entre les idées.</p><p>Cela peut rendre les différences très
 faciles à lire lors de la collaboration via git,
 mais ce n&rsquo;est pas quelque chose que
-nous imposons aux contributeurs d&rsquo;utiliser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Conventions typographique”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+nous imposons aux contributeurs d&rsquo;utiliser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Conventions typographique”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright et attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/fr/getting_started/index.html
index 7bab50bfe7bd..e34a43b7553e 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Pour débuter :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Pour débuter</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=pour-débuter>Pour débuter</h1><p>Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous,
 nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui
-pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>“Pour débuter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/ title="Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>“Pour débuter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/ title="Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/index.html
index 2ce628487cc2..8390b3c5b487 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tour rapide :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/getting_started/quick/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 se fait en local, et une fois les tests lancés, ils sont automatiquement
 exécutés sur le serveur distant.</p><p>Après le développement des tests WebDriver, vous pouvez être confronté
 à la nécessité de lancer vos tests sur toutes combinaisons de navigateurs et systèmes d&rsquo;exploitation.
-C&rsquo;est là que <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>Grid</a></em> entre en scène.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>“Tour rapide”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+C&rsquo;est là que <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>Grid</a></em> entre en scène.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>“Tour rapide”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 47840680c4f9..1a698e748647 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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 utilisés typiquement dans des environnements de développement.</p><p>Ils peuvent également être utilisés à des fins d&rsquo;automatisation,
-et Selenium fournit un support pour les navigateurs spécialisés suivants:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nom Driver</th><th>Utilisation</th><th>Mainteneur</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulateur de navigateur headless supproté par Rhino</td><td>Projet Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navigateurs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Débuter avec WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driver tiers et plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+et Selenium fournit un support pour les navigateurs spécialisés suivants:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nom Driver</th><th>Utilisation</th><th>Mainteneur</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulateur de navigateur headless supproté par Rhino</td><td>Projet Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navigateurs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Débuter avec WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driver tiers et plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index 1ea5291aea85..c63a10d2a637 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Débuter avec WebDriver :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 lorsque nécessaire.</p><p>Le framework Selenium relie toutes ces pièces ensembles via une interface
 user-friendly qui permet d&rsquo;utiliser différents navigateurs de manière transparente,
 permettant ainsi l&rsquo;automatisation cross-platform et cross-browser.</p><p>Plus de détail à propos des driver peut être trouvé au chapitre
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Singularités du Driver</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Débuter avec WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installer le serveur Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navigateurs style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Singularités du Driver</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Débuter avec WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installer le serveur Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navigateurs style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index d9acf7db3d8e..b6530657bca7 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
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@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 De plus, soyez avertis que les plugins listés ci-dessous ne sont pas nécessairement sous Apache License v.2.0.
 Certains de ces plugins sont disponibles sous une autre licence libre et gratuite; d&rsquo;autres ne sont disponibles
 que sous licence propriétaire. Toute question à propos de ces plugins et de leur licence de distribution
-doit être évoquée avec leur(s) développeur(s) respectif.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Driver tiers et plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navigateurs><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+doit être évoquée avec leur(s) développeur(s) respectif.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Driver tiers et plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navigateurs><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 66f4db5069ef..7c6abe008de5 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Composant :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 que celle du concentrateur ou des autres nœuds.
 Un nœud sous Windows peut avoir la capacité de
 offrant Internet Explorer comme option de navigateur,
-alors que cela ne serait pas possible sur Linux ou Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Composant”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+alors que cela ne serait pas possible sur Linux ou Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Composant”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 1e00354dd5c8..c32f85a9e009 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@
 de problèmes de délégation et de distribution communs,
 mais ne gèrera par exemple pas votre infrastructure,
 et pourrait ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.</p><p><strong>Veuillez noter que Grid 3 n&rsquo;est plus pris en charge et que le projet Selenium
-recommande d&rsquo;utiliser <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quand utiliser Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommande d&rsquo;utiliser <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quand utiliser Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 99e9622a6195..ee1972fbf846 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -273,5 +273,5 @@
 dans le <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>
 dépôt.</p><h3 id=prérequis>Prérequis</h3><p>La seule exigence pour exécuter une grille
 est d&rsquo;avoir Docker installé et fonctionnel.
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Installer Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Mettre en place votre propre Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Installer Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Mettre en place votre propre Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 6eb882c749fb..ee52011e79a2 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Fonctionnalités avancées</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Fonctionnalités avancées</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set
-up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Fonctionnalités avancées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Aide à la configuration"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilité style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Fonctionnalités avancées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Aide à la configuration"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilité style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index fd186fe14016..b0a429a4db24 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Observabilité :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observabilité”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Fonctionnalités avancées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observabilité”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Fonctionnalités avancées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index a4ec366ee482..632216749be4 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Composant :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Composant”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Composant”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 377c27b8e380..4130f47368ab 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Aide à la configuration”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuration des composants"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Fonctionnalités avancées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Aide à la configuration”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuration des composants"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Fonctionnalités avancées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index d0be8ad77c5d..a9818314d40b 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Configuration des composants :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configuration des composants”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Aide à la configuration" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Configuration des composants”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Aide à la configuration" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index 93f732d523d5..1ceccbd5a172 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 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@@ -184,5 +184,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilité><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Points de terminaison de la grille" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observabilité><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Points de terminaison de la grille" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 065d6fb7c5a1..8ee86b9e3cc4 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Points de terminaison de la grille”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Singularités du Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Points de terminaison de la grille”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Singularités du Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/index.html
index 43357f5a0e9e..187c29508705 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 4 :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 certain nombre de nouvelles technologies afin
 pour faciliter la mise à l'échelle, tout en permettant l&rsquo;exécution locale.</p><p>Pour obtenir tous les détails des composants de Grid 4,
 comprendre comment cela fonctionne et comment définir
-vous possédez, veuillez parcourir les sections ci-dessous.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+vous possédez, veuillez parcourir les sections ci-dessous.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Mettre en place votre propre Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Mettre en place votre propre Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuration des composants" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Mettre en place votre propre Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Composant><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Configuration des composants" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/index.html
index 86745ebc09cb..2ff9b480c9eb 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 mais ne gérera par exemple pas votre infrastructure,
 et peut ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.</p><p><strong>Veuillez noter que Grid 3 n&rsquo;est plus pris
 en charge et le projet Selenium recommande
-d&rsquo;utiliser <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Recherche de liens"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objectifs et fonctionnalitées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+d&rsquo;utiliser <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Recherche de liens"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objectifs et fonctionnalitées" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index d6ab472a3546..39217ba4b6c5 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ selected>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>Grid</a> > Objectifs et fonctionnalitées</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Objectifs et fonctionnalitées</h1><ul><li>Point d&rsquo;entrée central pour tous les tests</li><li>Gestion et contrôle des nœuds / environnement où s&rsquo;exécutent les navigateurs</li><li>Mise à l'échelle</li><li>Exécution de tests en parallèle</li><li>Test multiplateforme</li><li>L'équilibrage de charge</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Objectifs et fonctionnalitées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quand utiliser Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/>Grid</a> > Objectifs et fonctionnalitées</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Objectifs et fonctionnalitées</h1><ul><li>Point d&rsquo;entrée central pour tous les tests</li><li>Gestion et contrôle des nœuds / environnement où s&rsquo;exécutent les navigateurs</li><li>Mise à l'échelle</li><li>Exécution de tests en parallèle</li><li>Test multiplateforme</li><li>L'équilibrage de charge</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Objectifs et fonctionnalitées”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quand utiliser Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index ff01f468210a..ecaa195b5abc 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -134,5 +134,5 @@
 type et version de navigateur. Une configuration telle que cela
 fournirait à la fois une exécution parallèle pour un achèvement
 rapide des tests et prise en charge simultanée de
-plusieurs types et versions de navigateur.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Quand utiliser Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objectifs et fonctionnalitées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+plusieurs types et versions de navigateur.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Quand utiliser Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objectifs et fonctionnalitées"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index 4348690ed977..ec0a8f579b39 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 pour les commandes valides avant d&rsquo;en choisir une pour effectuer une action. Devrait deux tests
 prenez la même commande que vous risquez d&rsquo;obtenir un comportement inattendu.</p></li><li><p>Nettoyez les données périmées dans l&rsquo;application qui pourraient être récupérées par un autre
 test par ex. enregistrements de commande invalides.</p></li><li><p>Créez une nouvelle instance WebDriver par test. Cela permet d&rsquo;assurer l&rsquo;isolement des tests
-et rend la parallélisation plus simple.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Eviter de partager l'état”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Reporting amélioré"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Indépendence des tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+et rend la parallélisation plus simple.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Eviter de partager l'état”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Reporting amélioré"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Indépendence des tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index db98ce018dc9..cc83e6cc6b83 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -153,5 +153,5 @@
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Indépendence des tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Nouveau navigateur par test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Indépendence des tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Nouveau navigateur par test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 3995313e0a8e..5d2fc07c6676 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -152,5 +152,5 @@
 terminé. Vos scripts de test doivent se lire comme une liste de choses à laver
 l&rsquo;utilisateur veut FAIRE et ce qu&rsquo;il veut SAVOIR. Les tests
 ne devrait pas se préoccuper de la façon dont l&rsquo;interface utilisateur vous oblige à aller
-à propos de ça.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Langue spécifique au domaine”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generer l'état de l'application" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+à propos de ça.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Langue spécifique au domaine”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generer l'état de l'application" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 4e28bc2722b9..79239a93cce7 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Nouveau navigateur par test :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 démarrez au moins un nouveau WebDriver pour chaque test.
 Pour Firefox, démarrez un WebDriver avec votre profil connu.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Nouveau navigateur par test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/ title="Mauvaises pratiques" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Nouveau navigateur par test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/ title="Mauvaises pratiques" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index 10e50719c39d..ee40c0fa8980 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 créé pour accéder à l&rsquo;AUT * (par exemple, en utilisant une API pour vous connecter et définir un
 biscuit). En outre, la création de méthodes de préchargement des données pour
 les tests ne doivent pas être effectués avec du sélénium. Comme mentionné précédemment,
-les API existantes doivent être exploitées pour créer des données pour l&rsquo;AUT *.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generer l'état de l'application”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Langue spécifique au domaine"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Bouchonner les appels externes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+les API existantes doivent être exploitées pour créer des données pour l&rsquo;AUT *.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generer l'état de l'application”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Langue spécifique au domaine"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Bouchonner les appels externes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index fabe8a3dedb8..d076b8ac392d 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Reporting amélioré :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 rapports pouvant générer des rapports au format xUnit ou HTML. xUnit
 les rapports sont populaires pour importer des résultats dans une intégration continue
 (CI) comme Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Voici quelques liens
-pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sorties de rapports pour plusieurs langues.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Reporting amélioré”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Bouchonner les appels externes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Eviter de partager l'état" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les sorties de rapports pour plusieurs langues.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Reporting amélioré”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Bouchonner les appels externes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Eviter de partager l'état" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
index cb2b6362a1b0..09c6469d6d9a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Lignes directrices et recommendations :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 Dans ce chapitre, nous proposons des conseils, des directives et des recommandations
 sur la façon d&rsquo;aborder l&rsquo;automatisation fonctionnelle des pages Web.</p><p>Ce chapitre enregistre les modèles de conception de logiciels populaires
 parmi de nombreux utilisateurs de sélénium
-qui ont fait leurs preuves au fil des ans.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Lignes directrices et recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Le client Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+qui ont fait leurs preuves au fil des ans.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Lignes directrices et recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Le client Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 390e81a03478..6846a27121c7 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 externes s&rsquo;améliorera considérablement
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+la vitesse et la stabilité de vos tests.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Bouchonner les appels externes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generer l'état de l'application"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Reporting amélioré" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -230,5 +230,5 @@
 au-delà de la portée de ce guide de l&rsquo;utilisateur. Ici, nous voulons simplement introduire le
 concepts pour sensibiliser le lecteur à certaines des choses qui peuvent être faites. Comme
 a été mentionné plus tôt, beaucoup ont blogué sur ce sujet et nous encourageons
-lecteur pour rechercher des blogs sur ces sujets.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Lignes directrices et recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Langue spécifique au domaine" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+lecteur pour rechercher des blogs sur ces sujets.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Lignes directrices et recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Langue spécifique au domaine" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index 3dab46217c8c..44a5a2601664 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 n&rsquo;est pas réalisable car le contenu peut ne pas être disponible immédiatement pour le
 autre test après publication.</p><p>Au lieu de cela, vous pouvez créer un contenu de stub qui peut être activé et désactivé
 dans le test affecté, et utilisez-le pour valider le module. cependant,
-pour la création de contenu, vous pouvez toujours avoir un test séparé.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Indépendence des tests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Eviter de partager l'état"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+pour la création de contenu, vous pouvez toujours avoir un test séparé.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Indépendence des tests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Eviter de partager l'état"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considerer l'utilisation d'une API fluent" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/index.html b/documentation/fr/index.html
index 14848258adc8..315690cc5640 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/index.html
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001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 .55A11.47 11.47.0 0160.62 26.32zM60.4 14.43q-3.68.0-3.94 4.74h7.15a6.49 6.49.0 00-.78-3.63A2.76 2.76.0 0060.4 14.43z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M68.64 7h1.58V26.11H68.64z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M79.56 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0173.83 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0184 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H75.38a5.4 5.4.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0079.75 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.8 11.8.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 .55A11.47 11.47.0 0179.56 26.32zm-.21-11.89q-3.68.0-3.94 4.74h7.15a6.49 6.49.0 00-.78-3.63A2.76 2.76.0 0079.35 14.43z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M87.51 13.37h1.32l.12 1.49h.12q.94-.45 1.72-.78t1.43-.54a8.42 8.42.0 011.2-.31 6.54 6.54.0 011.1-.09A3.3 3.3.0 0197 14a3.63 3.63.0 01.83 2.63v9.51H96.24v-9a3 3 0 00-.55-2 2.18 2.18.0 00-1.69-.6 7.25 7.25.0 00-2.24.41 20.1 20.1.0 00-2.67 1.12v10H87.51z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M102.75 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -232,5 +232,5 @@
 ainsi que pour mettre à l&rsquo;echelle l&rsquo;exécution de tels tests sur de larges environnements distribués,
 avec de multiples navigateurs et des systèmes d&rsquo;exploitation différents.</p><h2 id=getting-started>Getting started</h2><p>Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous,
 nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui
-pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Aide à la configuration","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Authentication à double facteur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;authentification à double facteur (A2F) est un mécanisme d\u0026rsquo;autorisation dans lequel un mot de passe unique, basé sur le temps (One Time Password - OTP), est généré par un programme externe accessible (souvent mobile) comme \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, etc. ; ou par la réception d\u0026rsquo;un SMS ou courriel pour permettre l\u0026rsquo;authentification.\nAutomatiser ce mécanisme harmonieusement et de manière fluide relève du défi avec Selenium. Il existe quelques moyens pour automatiser ce processus, mais cela impliquerait d\u0026rsquo;ajouter une couche supplémentaire aux tests Selenium et ce ne serait pas sécurisé. Il vaut mieux donc éviter l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de l\u0026rsquo;authentification à double facteur.\nVoici quelques solutions pour contouner la vérification A2F :\n Désactiver la A2F pour certains utilisateurs, dans l\u0026rsquo;environnement de test, afin de pouvoir utiliser leurs identifiants dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation. Désactiver la A2F dans l\u0026rsquo;environnement de test. Désactiver la A2F si la connexion s\u0026rsquo;effectue depuis certaines adresses IP. De cette manière, en renseignant Selenium avec ces adresses IP, il pourra exclure la A2F.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Capabilities partagées","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Afin de créer une nouvelle session par Selenium WebDriver, l\u0026rsquo;extrémité locale doit fournir les capacités de base à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. L\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante utilise le même ensemble de capacités pour créer une session et décrit les fonctionnalités de la session actuelle.\nWebDriver offre des capacités que chaque télécommande fin soutiendra/devrait soutenir la mise en œuvre. Voici les fonctionnalités prises en charge par WebDriver:\nbrowserName: Cette capacité est utilisée pour définir le browserName pour une session donnée. Si le navigateur spécifié n\u0026rsquo;est pas installé sur le extrémité distante, la création de la session échouera\nbrowserVersion: Cette capacité est facultative, elle est utilisée pour définissez la version de navigateur disponible à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. Par exemple, si vous demandez Chrome version 75 sur un système qui n\u0026rsquo;a que 80 installés, la création de session échouera.\npageLoadStrategy: Lors de la navigation vers une nouvelle page via URL, par défaut, Selenium attendra jusqu'à ce que la page soit entièrement chargée avant de répondre. Cela fonctionne bien pour débutants, mais peut entraîner de longs temps d\u0026rsquo;attente sur les pages qui chargent une grande nombre de ressources tierces. L’utilisation d’une stratégie autre que celle par défaut peut tester l\u0026rsquo;exécution plus rapidement dans des cas comme celui-ci, mais peut également introduire une fragilité où les éléments de la page changent de position lorsque les éléments se chargent et changent Taille.\nLa stratégie de chargement de page interroge le document.readyState comme décrit dans le tableau ci-dessous:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Utilisé par défaut, attend le téléchargement de toutes les ressources   eager interactive L\u0026rsquo;accès au DOM est prêt, mais d\u0026rsquo;autres ressources comme les images peuvent encore se charger   none Any Ne bloque pas du tout WebDriver    platformName Cela identifie le système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante, la récupération de platformName renvoie le nom du système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation.\nDans les fournisseurs basés sur le cloud, la définition de platformName définit le système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante.\nacceptInsecureCerts Cette capacité vérifie si un (ou) expiré un certificat TLS non valide est utilisé lors de la navigation pendant une session.\nSi la capacité est définie sur \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;, un erreur de certificat non sécurisé sera retourné car la navigation rencontre n\u0026rsquo;importe quel domaine problèmes de certificat. S\u0026rsquo;il est défini sur true, un certificat non valide sera approuvé par le navigateur.\nTous les certificats auto-signés seront approuvés par cette fonctionnalité par défaut. Une fois définie, la capacité acceptInsecureCerts aura un effet pour toute la session.\nSession timeouts Une session WebDriver est imposée avec un certain délai d'expiration de session intervalle, pendant lequel l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur peut contrôler le comportement d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des scripts ou de récupérer des informations à partir du navigateur.\nChaque délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration de session est configuré avec combinaison de différents timeouts comme décrit ci-dessous:\nScript Timeout: Spécifie quand interrompre un script en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution dans un contexte de navigation actuel. Délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut 30,000 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Spécifie l\u0026rsquo;intervalle de temps dans lequel la page Web doit être chargé dans un contexte de navigation actuel. Le délai d\u0026rsquo;attente par défaut 300,000 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;un une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver. Si les limites de chargement de page un laps de temps donné / par défaut, le script sera arrêté par TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout: Cela spécifie le temps d\u0026rsquo;attente stratégie de localisation implicite des éléments lorsque éléments de localisation. Le délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut 0 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Spécifie l'état du gestionnaire d'invite utilisateur de la session en cours. Par défaut, ignorer et notifier l'état.\nUser Prompt Handler: Cela définit les mesures à prendre lorsqu\u0026rsquo;un rencontres d\u0026rsquo;invite utilisateur à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. Ceci est défini par unhandledPromptBehavior et a les états suivants:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect Cette commande modifie la taille et la position du courant fenêtre contextuelle de navigation. Cette commande agit en tant que setter à la commande getWindowRect qui accepte width, height, x, y comme arguments optional.\nLors de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, le contexte de navigation actuel sera associé avec des états de fenêtre, qui décrivent la visibilité état de la fenêtre du navigateur. Les états des fenêtres sont\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  La définition de Width ou Height ne garantit pas que le résultat la taille de la fenêtre correspondra exactement à celle recherchée. Ceci est dû au fait certains pilotes peuvent ne pas être en mesure de redimensionner par incréments d\u0026rsquo;un pixel. Pour cette raison, la récupération de l'état/des détails de la fenêtre par getWindowRect peut ne pas correspondre également aux valeurs définies pour le navigateur.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, abréviation de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, est explicitement conçu pour empêcher l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, alors n\u0026rsquo;essayez pas! Il existe deux stratégies principales pour contourner les vérifications CAPTCHA:\n Désactivez CAPTCHA dans votre environnement de test Ajoutez un \u0026ldquo;hook\u0026rdquo; pour permettre aux tests de contourner le CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Composant","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermédiaire et gestionnaire Accepte les demandes d\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests Prend les instructions du client et les exécute à distance sur les nœuds Gère les threads  Un Hub est un point central où tous vos tests sont envoyés. Chaque grille de sélénium se compose exactement d\u0026rsquo;un concentrateur. Le hub doit être accessible des clients respectifs (c.-à-d. serveur CI, machine développeur, etc.) Le concentrateur connectera un ou plusieurs nœuds auquel les tests seront délégués.\nNodes  Où vivent les navigateurs S\u0026rsquo;enregistre auprès du hub et communique ses capacités Reçoit les demandes du hub et les exécute  Nodes sont différentes instances de Selenium qui exécutera des tests sur des systèmes informatiques individuels. Il peut y avoir plusieurs nœuds dans une grille. Les machines qui sont des nœuds n\u0026rsquo;ont pas besoin d'être la même plate-forme ou avoir la même sélection de navigateur que celle du concentrateur ou des autres nœuds. Un nœud sous Windows peut avoir la capacité de offrant Internet Explorer comme option de navigateur, alors que cela ne serait pas possible sur Linux ou Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Composant","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Comprendre les composants","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour créer une suite de tests à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver, vous devrez comprendre et utiliser efficacement un certain nombre de composants différents. logiciel, différentes personnes utilisent des termes différents pour la même idée. une ventilation de la façon dont les termes sont utilisés dans cette description.\nTerminologie  API: Interface de programmation d\u0026rsquo;application. Il s\u0026rsquo;agit de l\u0026rsquo;ensemble des \u0026ldquo;commandes\u0026rdquo; vous utilisez pour manipuler WebDriver. Bibliothèque: Un module de code qui contient les API et le code nécessaires Les bibliothèques sont spécifiques à chaque liaison de langue, par exemple .jar fichiers pour Java, fichiers .dll pour .NET, etc. Pilote: Responsable du contrôle du navigateur actuel. sont créés par les fournisseurs de navigateurs eux-mêmes. modules exécutables qui s\u0026rsquo;exécutent sur le système avec le navigateur lui-même, pas sur le système exécutant la suite de tests (bien que ceux-ci puissent être même système.) NOTE: Certaines personnes se réfèrent aux pilotes en tant que proxies. Framework: Une bibliothèque supplémentaire utilisée comme support pour WebDriver Ces cadres peuvent être des cadres de test tels que JUnit ou NUnit. Il peut également s\u0026rsquo;agir de cadres prenant en charge les fonctionnalités du langage naturel telles que comme Cucumber ou Robotium.Frameworks peut également être écrit et utilisé pour des choses telles que la manipulation ou la configuration du système sous test, les données création, test d\u0026rsquo;oracles, etc.  Les pièces et pièces Au minimum, WebDriver communique avec un navigateur via un pilote. est à double sens: WebDriver passe des commandes au navigateur via le pilote, et reçoit des informations via le même itinéraire.\nLe pilote est spécifique au navigateur, tel que ChromeDriver pour Google Chrome / Chrome, GeckoDriver pour Firefox de Mozilla, etc. Le pilote fonctionne sur le même système que le navigateur. Il peut s\u0026rsquo;agir ou non du même système sur lequel les tests eux-mêmes sont en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution.\nCet exemple simple ci-dessus est la communication directe. le navigateur peut également être une communication à distance via Selenium Server ou RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver fonctionne sur le même système que le pilote et le navigateur.\nLa communication à distance peut également avoir lieu à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Selenium Server ou Selenium Grille, qui à son tour parlent au conducteur sur le système hôte\nOù les cadres s\u0026rsquo;intègrent WebDriver a un seul travail et un seul travail: communiquez avec le navigateur via des méthodes ci-dessus.WebDriver ne sait rien du test: il ne sait pas savoir comparer les choses, affirmer réussir ou échouer, et il ne sait certainement pas une chose à propos de la grammaire Reporting ou Given / When / Then.\nC\u0026rsquo;est là que divers frameworks entrent en jeu. Au minimum, vous aurez besoin d\u0026rsquo;un cadre de test qui correspond aux liaisons de langage, par exemple NUnit pour .NET, JUnit pour Java, RSpec pour Ruby, etc.\nLe framework de test est responsable de l\u0026rsquo;exécution et de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de votre WebDriver et les étapes connexes dans vos tests. En tant que tel, vous pouvez penser qu\u0026rsquo;il ressemble à à l\u0026rsquo;image suivante.\nDes cadres / outils en langage naturel tels que le concombre peuvent exister dans le cadre de cette Test Framework cadre dans la figure ci-dessus, ou ils peuvent envelopper le Test Framework entièrement dans leur propre mise en œuvre.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright et attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installer les librairies Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vous devez d\u0026rsquo;abord installer les fixations Selenium pour votre projet d\u0026rsquo;automatisation. Le processus d\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques dépend de la langue que vous choisissez d\u0026rsquo;utiliser.\nJava L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Java peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Maven. Ajoutez la dépendance selenium-java dans votre projet pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; La dépendance selenium-java prend en charge l\u0026rsquo;exécution de votre automatisation projet avec tous les navigateurs pris en charge par Selenium. Si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests uniquement dans un navigateur spécifique, vous pouvez ajouter la dépendance pour ce navigateur dans votre fichier pom.xml. Par exemple, vous devez ajouter la dépendance suivante dans votre pom.xml fichier pour exécuter vos tests uniquement dans Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De la même manière, si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests uniquement dans Chrome, vous devez ajouter la dépendance suivante:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Python peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de pip:\npip install selenium Vous pouvez également télécharger l\u0026rsquo;archive source PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) et installez-le à l\u0026rsquo;aide de setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour C # peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Ruby peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour JavaScript peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Le projet Selenium et les outils","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium contrôle les navigateurs Web Selenium est beaucoup de choses, mais à la base, c\u0026rsquo;est un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur Web qui utilise les meilleures techniques disponibles pour contrôler à distance les instances du navigateur et émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur avec le navigateur.\nIl permet aux utilisateurs de simuler les activités courantes effectuées par les utilisateurs finaux; saisir du texte dans les champs, sélectionner des valeurs déroulantes et cocher des cases, et cliquer sur les liens dans les documents. Il fournit également de nombreux autres contrôles tels que le mouvement de la souris, l\u0026rsquo;exécution arbitraire de JavaScript et bien plus encore.\nBien qu\u0026rsquo;utilisé principalement pour les tests frontaux des sites Web, Selenium est à la base une bibliothèque d\u0026rsquo;agent utilisateur de navigateur. Les interfaces sont omniprésentes à leur application, qui encourage la composition avec d\u0026rsquo;autres bibliothèques en fonction de votre objectif.\nUne interface pour les gouverner tous Un des principes directeurs du projet est de prendre en charge une interface commune pour toutes les (principales) technologies de navigateur. Les navigateurs Web sont des applications incroyablement complexes et hautement conçues, effectuer leurs opérations de manière complètement différente mais qui se ressemblent souvent en le faisant. Même si le texte est rendu dans les mêmes polices, les images sont affichées au même endroit et les liens vous mènent à la même destination. Ce qui se passe en dessous est aussi différent que la nuit et le jour. Le sélénium «résume» ces différences, cacher leurs détails et leurs subtilités à la personne qui écrit le code. Cela vous permet d'écrire plusieurs lignes de code pour effectuer un workflow compliqué, mais ces mêmes lignes s\u0026rsquo;exécuteront sur Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome et tous les autres navigateurs pris en charge.\nOutils et support L\u0026rsquo;approche de conception minimaliste de Selenium lui confère une polyvalence à inclure en tant que composant dans des applications plus importantes. L\u0026rsquo;infrastructure environnante fournie sous l'égide du sélénium vous donne les outils pour assembler votre grille de navigateurs afin que les tests puissent être exécutés sur différents navigateurs et plusieurs systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation sur une gamme de machines.\nImaginez une banque d\u0026rsquo;ordinateurs dans votre salle de serveurs ou votre centre de données allumer tous les navigateurs en même temps frapper les liens, les formulaires de votre site, et tables—tester votre application 24h / 24. Grâce à l\u0026rsquo;interface de programmation simple fournie pour les langues les plus courantes, ces tests se dérouleront sans relâche en parallèle, vous faire rapport en cas d\u0026rsquo;erreur.\nC\u0026rsquo;est un objectif pour aider à en faire une réalité pour vous, en fournissant aux utilisateurs des outils et de la documentation pour non seulement contrôler les navigateurs, mais pour faciliter la mise à l'échelle et le déploiement de telles grilles.\nQui utilise le selenium Beaucoup des entreprises les plus importantes au monde ont adopté Selenium pour leurs tests sur navigateur, remplaçant souvent des efforts de plusieurs années impliquant d\u0026rsquo;autres outils propriétaires. À mesure qu\u0026rsquo;elle gagne en popularité, ses exigences et ses défis se multiplient.\nAlors que le Web devient plus compliqué et de nouvelles technologies sont ajoutées aux sites Web, c\u0026rsquo;est la mission de ce projet de les suivre autant que possible. Être un projet open source, ce soutien est assuré grâce au généreux don de temps de nombreux bénévoles, chacun a un \u0026ldquo;travail de jour\u0026rdquo;.\nUne autre mission du projet est d\u0026rsquo;encourager plus de volontaires pour participer à cet effort, et construire une communauté forte afin que le projet puisse continuer à suivre les technologies émergentes et qui puisse rester une plate-forme dominante pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests fonctionnels.\nHistoire Lorsque Selenium 1 est sorti en 2004, il n'était pas nécessaire de réduire le temps passé vérification manuelle d\u0026rsquo;un comportement cohérent dans le front-end d\u0026rsquo;une application Web. Il a utilisé les outils disponibles à l'époque et s\u0026rsquo;est fortement appuyé sur l\u0026rsquo;injection de JavaScript dans la page Web testée pour émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur.\nBien que JavaScript soit un bon outil pour vous permettre d\u0026rsquo;introspecter les propriétés du DOM et de faire certaines observations côté client que vous ne seriez pas en mesure de faire autrement, il ne répond pas à la capacité de reproduire naturellement les interactions d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur comme si la souris et le clavier étaient utilisés.\nDepuis lors, le selenium a grandi et mûri beaucoup, dans un outil largement utilisé par de nombreux \u0026amp; mdash; sinon la plupart des \u0026amp; mdash; les plus grandes organisations du monde. Selenium est passé d\u0026rsquo;une boîte à outils d\u0026rsquo;automatisation de tests homebrewed développée à Thoughtworks pour un public niché et un cas d\u0026rsquo;utilisation spécifique, à la bibliothèque d\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur de facto du monde.\nTout comme Selenium RC utilisait les outils du commerce disponibles à l'époque, Selenium WebDriver perpétue cette tradition en prenant la partie d\u0026rsquo;interaction du navigateur avec le gazon du vendeur du navigateur et en leur demandant de prendre la responsabilité des implémentations back-end, orientées navigateur. Récemment, ce travail est devenu un processus de normalisation du W3C où l\u0026rsquo;objectif est de transformer le composant WebDriver dans Selenium dans la bibliothèque de contrôle à distance du jeur pour les agents utilisateurs.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navigateurs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navigateurs consommateurs Le framework Selenium supporte officiellement les navigateurs suivants:\n   Navigateur Mainteneur Versions supportées     Chrome Chromium Toutes versions   Firefox Mozilla 54 and plus récentes   Edge Microsoft 84 et plus récentes   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 et plus récentes   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 et plus récentes   Safari Apple 10 et plus récentes    Navigateurs spécialisés Il existe également un ensemble de navigateurs spécialisés, utilisés typiquement dans des environnements de développement.\nIls peuvent également être utilisés à des fins d\u0026rsquo;automatisation, et Selenium fournit un support pour les navigateurs spécialisés suivants:\n   Nom Driver Utilisation Mainteneur     HtmlUnitDriver Emulateur de navigateur headless supproté par Rhino Projet Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objectifs et fonctionnalitées","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Point d\u0026rsquo;entrée central pour tous les tests Gestion et contrôle des nœuds / environnement où s\u0026rsquo;exécutent les navigateurs Mise à l'échelle Exécution de tests en parallèle Test multiplateforme L'équilibrage de charge  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;objet de page est un modèle de conception qui est devenu populaire dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests pour améliorer la maintenance des tests et réduire la duplication de code. Un objet page est un classe orientée objet qui sert d\u0026rsquo;interface à une page de votre AUT. le les tests utilisent ensuite les méthodes de cette classe d\u0026rsquo;objets de page chaque fois qu\u0026rsquo;ils ont besoin de interagir avec l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur de cette page. L\u0026rsquo;avantage est que si l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur change pour la page, les tests eux-mêmes n\u0026rsquo;ont pas besoin de changer, seul le code dans le l\u0026rsquo;objet de page doit changer. Par la suite, tous les changements pour prendre en charge cette nouvelle interface utilisateur sont situés en un seul endroit.\nLe modèle de conception d\u0026rsquo;objet de page offre les avantages suivants:\n Il existe une séparation nette entre le code de test et le code spécifique à la page, tel que les localisateurs (ou leur utilisation si vous utilisez une carte d\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur) et la mise en page. Il existe un référentiel unique pour les services ou opérations proposés par la page plutôt que d\u0026rsquo;avoir ces services dispersés tout au long des tests.  Dans les deux cas, cela permet toutes les modifications requises en raison des modifications de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur à tous être fait en un seul endroit. Vous trouverez des informations utiles sur cette technique sur nombreux blogs car ce «modèle de conception de test» est de plus en plus utilisé. nous encourager le lecteur qui souhaite en savoir plus à rechercher des blogs sur Internet à propos de ce sujet. Beaucoup ont écrit sur ce modèle de conception et peuvent fournir des conseils utiles dépassant le cadre de ce guide de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Pour vous aider à démarrer, cependant, nous allons illustrer les objets de page avec un exemple simple.\nPrenons d\u0026rsquo;abord un exemple, typique de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests, qui n\u0026rsquo;utilise pas de objet page:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Il y a deux problèmes avec cette approche.\n Il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de séparation entre la méthode de test et les localisateurs de l\u0026rsquo;AUT (ID dans cet exemple); les deux sont entrelacés dans une seule méthode. Si l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur de l\u0026rsquo;AUT change ses identifiants, sa disposition ou la manière dont une connexion est entrée et traitée, le test lui-même doit changer. Les localisateurs d\u0026rsquo;ID seraient répartis dans plusieurs tests, dans tous les tests qui devaient utilisez cette page de connexion.  En appliquant les techniques d\u0026rsquo;objet de page, cet exemple pourrait être réécrit comme ceci dans l\u0026rsquo;exemple suivant d\u0026rsquo;un objet de page pour une page de connexion.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } et l\u0026rsquo;objet de page pour une page d\u0026rsquo;accueil pourrait ressembler à ceci.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } Alors maintenant, le test de connexion utiliserait ces deux objets de page comme suit.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Il y a beaucoup de flexibilité dans la façon dont les objets de page peuvent être conçus, mais il existe quelques règles de base pour obtenir la maintenabilité souhaitée de votre code de test.\nLes objets de page eux-mêmes ne doivent jamais faire de vérifications ou d\u0026rsquo;assertions. C\u0026rsquo;est partie de votre test et doit toujours être dans le code du test, jamais dans une page objet. L\u0026rsquo;objet page contiendra la représentation de la page et le services fournis par la page via des méthodes mais aucun code lié à ce qui est testé doit se trouver dans l\u0026rsquo;objet page.\nIl y a une seule vérification qui peut et doit être dans la page objet et qui est de vérifier que la page, et éventuellement les éléments critiques sur la page, ont été chargés correctement. Cette vérification doit être effectuée pendant instancier l\u0026rsquo;objet page. Dans les exemples ci-dessus, SignInPage et Les constructeurs de HomePage vérifient que la page attendue est disponible et prête pour demandes du test.\nUn objet de page n\u0026rsquo;a pas nécessairement besoin de représenter une page entière. La page Le modèle de conception d\u0026rsquo;objet peut être utilisé pour représenter des composants sur une page. Si un La page de l\u0026rsquo;AUT comporte plusieurs composants, elle peut améliorer la maintenabilité si il existe un objet page distinct pour chaque composant.\nIl existe d\u0026rsquo;autres modèles de conception qui peuvent également être utilisés dans les tests. Certains utilisent un Page Factory pour instancier leurs objets de page. Discuter de tout cela est au-delà de la portée de ce guide de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Ici, nous voulons simplement introduire le concepts pour sensibiliser le lecteur à certaines des choses qui peuvent être faites. Comme a été mentionné plus tôt, beaucoup ont blogué sur ce sujet et nous encourageons lecteur pour rechercher des blogs sur ces sujets.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/","title":"Pour débuter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour débuter Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous, nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.\n Tour rapide  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/","title":"Tour rapide","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium n\u0026rsquo;est pas juste un outil ou une API mais est composé de nombreux outils.\nWebDriver Si vous débutez dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de test de site web desktop vous allez utiliser les APIs WebDriver. WebDriver utilise les APIs d\u0026rsquo;automatisation fournies par les distributeurs de navigateur pour les contrôler et exécuter les tests. C\u0026rsquo;est comme si un utilisateur réel utilisait le navigateur. Puisque WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;a pas besoin que ses APIs soient compilées avec le code de l\u0026rsquo;application testée, il est non intrusif par nature. Ainsi vous testez exactement l\u0026rsquo;application qui sera en production.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) est l\u0026rsquo;outil que vous utilisez pour développer vos cas de test Selenium. Il s\u0026rsquo;agit d\u0026rsquo;un Chrome facile à utiliser et l\u0026rsquo;extension Firefox et est généralement le moyen le plus efficace de développer cas de test. Il enregistre pour vous les actions des utilisateurs dans le navigateur, en utilisant commandes Selenium existantes, avec des paramètres définis par le contexte de cet élément. Ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas seulement un gain de temps, mais aussi un excellent moyen d\u0026rsquo;apprentissage de la syntaxe du script Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid vous permet de lancer des tests dans différentes machines et depuis différentes plateformes. Le lancement des tests se fait en local, et une fois les tests lancés, ils sont automatiquement exécutés sur le serveur distant.\nAprès le développement des tests WebDriver, vous pouvez être confronté à la nécessité de lancer vos tests sur toutes combinaisons de navigateurs et systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation. C\u0026rsquo;est là que Grid entre en scène.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"A propos du test automatisé","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Commencez par vous demander si vous avez vraiment besoin ou non d\u0026rsquo;un navigateur. Il est probable qu'à un moment donné, si vous travaillez sur une application Web complexe, vous devrez ouvrir un navigateur et le tester.\nLes tests fonctionnels pour l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur final, tels que les tests au sélénium, sont cependant coûteux à exécuter. En outre, ils nécessitent généralement une infrastructure substantielle être en place pour fonctionner efficacement. C\u0026rsquo;est une bonne règle de toujours se demander si ce que l\u0026rsquo;on veut tester peut être fait en utilisant des approches de test plus légères telles que des tests unitaires ou avec une approche de niveau inférieur.\nUne fois que vous avez déterminé que vous êtes dans le domaine des tests de navigateurs Web, et vous avez votre environnement Selenium prêt à commencer à écrire des tests, vous effectuerez généralement une combinaison de trois étapes:\n Configurer les données Effectuer un ensemble discret d\u0026rsquo;actions Évaluez les résultats  Vous voudrez garder ces étapes aussi courtes que possible; une ou deux opérations devraient suffire la plupart du temps. L\u0026rsquo;automatisation des navigateurs a la réputation d'être \u0026ldquo;feuilletée\u0026rdquo;, mais en réalité, c\u0026rsquo;est parce que les utilisateurs en demandent souvent trop. Dans les chapitres suivants, nous reviendrons sur les techniques que vous pouvez utiliser pour atténuer les problèmes intermittents apparents dans les tests, en particulier sur la façon de surmonter les conditions de course entre le navigateur et WebDriver.\nGarder vos tests courts et en utilisant le navigateur Web uniquement lorsque vous n\u0026rsquo;avez absolument aucune alternative, vous pouvez avoir de nombreuses tâches avec un flocon de neige minimal.\nUn avantage distinct des tests au sélénium est leur capacité inhérente à tester tous les composants de l\u0026rsquo;application, du backend au frontend, du point de vue d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur. En d\u0026rsquo;autres termes, alors que les tests fonctionnels peuvent être coûteux à exécuter, ils englobent également de grandes portions critiques pour l\u0026rsquo;entreprise à la fois.\nExigences de test Comme mentionné précédemment, les tests au sélénium peuvent être coûteux à exécuter. Dans quelle mesure cela dépend du navigateur sur lequel vous exécutez les tests, mais historiquement, le comportement des navigateurs a tellement varié qu\u0026rsquo;il a souvent était un objectif déclaré de contre-tester avec plusieurs navigateurs.\nSelenium vous permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter les mêmes instructions sur plusieurs navigateurs sur plusieurs systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation, mais l'énumération de tous les navigateurs possibles, leurs différentes versions et les nombreux systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation sur lesquels ils s\u0026rsquo;exécutent deviendra rapidement une entreprise non triviale.\nCommençons par un exemple Larry a écrit un site Web qui permet aux utilisateurs de commander leur licornes personnalisées.\nLe flux de travail général (ce que nous appellerons le \u0026ldquo;chemin heureux\u0026rdquo;) est quelque chose comme ça:\n Créer un compte Configurer la licorne Ajoutez-le au panier Vérifiez et payez Donnez votre avis sur la licorne  Il serait tentant d'écrire un grand script Selenium pour effectuer toutes ces opérations, beaucoup essaieront. Résister à la tentation! Cela entraînera un test qui a) prend beaucoup de temps, b) sera soumis à des problèmes courants concernant les problèmes de synchronisation du rendu de page, et c) est telle qu\u0026rsquo;en cas d'échec, il ne vous donnera pas une méthode concise et \u0026ldquo;lisible\u0026rdquo; pour diagnostiquer ce qui a mal tourné.\nLa stratégie préférée pour tester ce scénario serait pour le décomposer en une série de tests indépendants et rapides, chacun a une «raison» d\u0026rsquo;exister.\nImaginons que vous souhaitiez tester la deuxième étape: Configuration de votre licorne. Il effectuera les actions suivantes:\n Créer un compte Configurer une licorne  Notez que nous ignorons le reste de ces étapes, nous testerons le reste du workflow dans d\u0026rsquo;autres petits cas de test discrets après avoir fini avec celui-ci.\nPour commencer, vous devez créer un compte. Vous avez ici quelques choix à faire:\n Voulez-vous utiliser un compte existant? Voulez-vous créer un nouveau compte? Y a-t-il des propriétés spéciales d\u0026rsquo;un tel utilisateur qui doivent être pris en compte avant le début de la configuration?  Quelle que soit la façon dont vous répondez à cette question, la solution consiste à l\u0026rsquo;intégrer à la partie \u0026ldquo;configurer les données\u0026rdquo; du test. Si Larry a exposé une API qui vous permet (ou n\u0026rsquo;importe qui) pour créer et mettre à jour des comptes utilisateurs, assurez-vous de l\u0026rsquo;utiliser pour répondre à cette question. Si possible, vous souhaitez lancer le navigateur uniquement après avoir un utilisateur \u0026ldquo;en main\u0026rdquo;, dont vous pouvez simplement vous connecter avec les informations d\u0026rsquo;identification.\nSi chaque test pour chaque workflow commence par la création d\u0026rsquo;un compte utilisateur, plusieurs secondes seront ajoutées à l\u0026rsquo;exécution de chaque test. Appeler une API et parler à une base de données sont rapides, Opérations \u0026ldquo;sans tête\u0026rdquo; qui ne nécessitent pas le processus coûteux de ouvrir un navigateur, naviguer vers les bonnes pages, cliquer et attendre que les formulaires soient soumis, etc.\nIdéalement, vous pouvez traiter cette phase de configuration en une seule ligne de code, qui s\u0026rsquo;exécutera avant le lancement de tout navigateur:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Comme vous pouvez l\u0026rsquo;imaginer, la UserFactory peut être étendue pour fournir des méthodes telles que createAdminUser () et createUserWithPayment (). Le fait est que ces deux lignes de code ne vous distraient pas du but ultime de ce test: configurer une licorne.\nLes subtilités du modèle d\u0026rsquo;objet de page sera discuté dans les chapitres suivants, mais nous présenterons le concept ici:\nVos tests doivent être composés d\u0026rsquo;actions, réalisée du point de vue de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur, dans le cadre des pages du site. Ces pages sont stockées en tant qu\u0026rsquo;objets, qui contiendra des informations spécifiques sur la composition de la page Web et comment les actions sont effectuées - dont très peu devrait vous concerner en tant que testeur.\nQuel genre de licorne veux-tu? Vous voudrez peut-être du rose, mais pas nécessairement. Le violet a été assez populaire ces derniers temps. A-t-elle besoin de lunettes de soleil? Tatouages ​​étoiles? Ces choix, bien que difficiles, sont votre principale préoccupation en tant que testeur - vous devez vous assurer que votre centre de traitement des commandes envoie la bonne licorne à la bonne personne, et cela commence par ces choix.\nNotez que nulle part dans ce paragraphe nous ne parlons de boutons, des champs, des listes déroulantes, des boutons radio ou des formulaires Web. Vos tests ne devraient pas non plus! Vous voulez écrire votre code comme l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur essayant de résoudre son problème. Voici une façon de procéder (à partir de l\u0026rsquo;exemple précédent):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Maintenant que vous avez configuré votre licorne, vous devez passer à l'étape 3: vous assurer que cela a réellement fonctionné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Notez que le testeur n\u0026rsquo;a toujours rien fait d\u0026rsquo;autre que parler des licornes dans ce code - pas de boutons, pas de localisateurs, pas de commandes de navigateur. Cette méthode de modélisation de l\u0026rsquo;application vous permet de garder ces commandes de niveau test en place et immuables, même si Larry décide la semaine prochaine qu\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;aime plus Ruby-on-Rails et décide de réimplémenter l\u0026rsquo;ensemble du site dans les dernières fixations Haskell avec un frontal Fortran.\nVos objets de page nécessiteront une petite maintenance afin de se conformer à la refonte du site, mais ces tests resteront les mêmes. En prenant cette conception de base, vous souhaiterez continuer à parcourir vos workflows avec le moins d'étapes possibles face au navigateur. Votre prochain workflow impliquera l\u0026rsquo;ajout d\u0026rsquo;une licorne au panier d\u0026rsquo;achat. Vous voudrez probablement de nombreuses itérations de ce test afin de vous assurer que le chariot conserve correctement son état: Y a-t-il plus d\u0026rsquo;une licorne dans le panier avant de commencer? Combien peuvent tenir dans le panier? Si vous en créez plusieurs avec le même nom et / ou les mêmes fonctionnalités, est-ce que cela cassera? Gardera-t-il seulement celui existant ou en ajoutera-t-il un autre?\nChaque fois que vous vous déplacez dans le flux de travail, vous voulez éviter d\u0026rsquo;avoir à créer un compte, connectez-vous en tant qu\u0026rsquo;utilisateur et configurez la licorne. Idéalement, vous pourrez créer un compte et pré-configurer une licorne via l\u0026rsquo;API ou la base de données. Il vous suffit ensuite de vous connecter en tant qu\u0026rsquo;utilisateur, de localiser Sparkles, et l\u0026rsquo;ajouter au panier.\nAutomatiser ou ne pas automatiser? L\u0026rsquo;automatisation est-elle toujours avantageuse? Quand faut-il décider d\u0026rsquo;automatiser le test cas?\nIl n\u0026rsquo;est pas toujours avantageux d\u0026rsquo;automatiser les cas de test. Il y a des moments où des tests manuels peuvent être plus appropriés. Par exemple, si l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur de l\u0026rsquo;application l\u0026rsquo;interface changera considérablement dans un avenir proche, alors toute automatisation pourrait avoir besoin d'être réécrit de toute façon. De plus, parfois, il n\u0026rsquo;y a tout simplement pas assez le temps de construire l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests. À court terme, les tests manuels peuvent être plus efficace. Si une demande a un délai très serré, il n’existe actuellement aucun l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests est disponible, et il est impératif que les tests soient effectués dans les ce délai, puis le test manuel est la meilleure solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Capabilities spécifiques du Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Définir les Capabilities à l\u0026rsquo;aide de \u0026ldquo;FirefoxOptions\u0026rdquo; FirefoxOptions est la nouvelle façon de définir les capacités de Firefox navigateur et doit généralement être utilisé de préférence à DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Définition d\u0026rsquo;un profil personnalisé Il est possible de créer un profil personnalisé pour Firefox comme illustré ci-dessous.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Dans certains environnements, Internet Explorer peut expirer lors de l\u0026rsquo;ouverture du Boîte de dialogue Téléchargement de fichier. IEDriver a un délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut de 1000 ms, mais vous peut augmenter le délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la fonction fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;elle est définie sur true, cette fonctionnalité efface le Cache, Historique du navigateur et cookies pour toutes les instances en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution d\u0026rsquo;InternetExplorer, y compris ceux démarrés manuellement ou par le chauffeur. Par défaut, il est défini sur false.\nL\u0026rsquo;utilisation de cette fonctionnalité entraînera une baisse des performances lancement du navigateur, car le pilote attendra que le cache est effacé avant de lancer le navigateur IE.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting Le pilote InternetExplorer s\u0026rsquo;attend à ce que le niveau de zoom du navigateur soit de 100%, sinon le pilote lèvera une exception. Ce comportement par défaut peut être désactivé en définissant ignoreZoomSetting sur true.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Ignorer la vérification du Protected Mode lors du lancement une nouvelle session IE.\nS\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;est pas défini et que les paramètres du mode protégé ne sont pas les mêmes pour toutes les zones, une exception sera levée par le pilote.\nSi la capabilité est définie sur true, les tests peuvent deviennent irréguliers, ne répondent pas ou les navigateurs peuvent se bloquer. Cependant, c\u0026rsquo;est toujours de loin un deuxième meilleur choix, et le premier choix devrait toujours être de réellement définissez manuellement les paramètres du mode protégé de chaque zone. Si un utilisateur utilise cette propriété, seul un \u0026ldquo;meilleur effort\u0026rdquo; de soutien sera donné.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Conventions typographique","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalisation des titres Il faut éviter la capitalisation du titre, comme A Very Fine Heading, et optez plutôt pour un titre très fin. Capitalisation gratuite ou casse de titre, montrent souvent un malentendu - ou un mépris pour - conventions orthographiques. Nous préférons ce que l\u0026rsquo;on appelle le \u0026ldquo;cas de peine\u0026rdquo;, avec un seul capital initial pour démarrer les en-têtes.\nLongueur de la ligne Lors de la modification de la source de la documentation, qui est écrit en HTML simple, limitez la longueur de vos lignes à environ 72 caractères.\nCertains d\u0026rsquo;entre nous vont encore plus loin et utiliser ce qu\u0026rsquo;on appelle semantic linefeeds, qui est une technique par laquelle les lignes source HTML, qui ne sont pas lus par le public, sont divisés à des \u0026ldquo;ruptures naturelles\u0026rdquo; dans la prose. En d\u0026rsquo;autres termes, les phrases sont divisées aux pauses naturelles entre les clauses. Au lieu de s\u0026rsquo;embêter avec les lignes de chaque paragraphe de sorte qu\u0026rsquo;ils se terminent tous près de la marge droite, les sauts de ligne peuvent être ajoutés n\u0026rsquo;importe où qu\u0026rsquo;il y a une rupture entre les idées.\nCela peut rendre les différences très faciles à lire lors de la collaboration via git, mais ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas quelque chose que nous imposons aux contributeurs d\u0026rsquo;utiliser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Driver tiers et plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium peut être étendu à travers l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de plugins. Vous trouverez ici un certain nombre de plugins créés et maintenus par des tierces parties. Pour de plus amples information sur la création de plugin ou pour en ajouter à la liste, consultez la documentation.\nVeuillez noter que ces plugins ne sont pas supportés, maintenus ou hébergés par le projet Selenium. De plus, soyez avertis que les plugins listés ci-dessous ne sont pas nécessairement sous Apache License v.2.0. Certains de ces plugins sont disponibles sous une autre licence libre et gratuite; d\u0026rsquo;autres ne sont disponibles que sous licence propriétaire. Toute question à propos de ces plugins et de leur licence de distribution doit être évoquée avec leur(s) développeur(s) respectif.\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installer les binaires WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour exécuter votre projet et contrôler le navigateur, vous devez installer des binaires WebDriver spécifiques au navigateur.\nTéléchargez le binaire WebDriver pris en charge par votre navigateur et placez-le dans le CHEMIN système.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium est un projet englobant un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outil et de librairies rendant possible l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de navigateur web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Langue spécifique au domaine","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Une langue spécifique au domaine (DSL) est un système qui fournit à l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur un moyen expressif de résoudre un problème. Il permet à un utilisateur de interagir avec le système à leurs conditions - pas seulement parler de programmeur.\nVos utilisateurs, en général, ne se soucient pas de l\u0026rsquo;apparence de votre site. Ils ne se soucient de la décoration, des animations ou des graphismes. Ils voulez utiliser votre système pour pousser leurs nouveaux employés à travers le processus avec une difficulté minimale; ils veulent réserver un voyage en Alaska; ils veulent configurer et acheter des licornes à prix réduit. Votre travail en tant que testeur doit se rapprocher le plus possible de la «capture» de cet état d\u0026rsquo;esprit. Dans cet esprit, nous avons entrepris de \u0026ldquo;modéliser\u0026rdquo; l\u0026rsquo;application que vous êtes travailler, de telle sorte que les scripts de test (la seule version préliminaire de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur proxy) \u0026ldquo;parler\u0026rdquo; et représenter l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur.\nAvec Selenium, DSL est généralement représenté par des méthodes, écrites pour l\u0026rsquo;API simple et lisible - ils permettent un rapport entre le les développeurs et les parties prenantes (utilisateurs, propriétaires de produits, spécialistes du renseignement, etc.).\nBenefits  Lisible: Les parties prenantes commerciales peuvent le comprendre. Inscriptible: Facile à écrire, évite les doublons inutiles. Extensible: La fonctionnalité peut (raisonnablement) être ajoutée sans rompre les contrats et les fonctionnalités existantes. Maintenable: En laissant les détails de mise en œuvre hors de test cas, vous êtes bien isolé contre les modifications de l\u0026rsquo;AUT*.  Java Voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;une méthode DSL raisonnable en Java. Par souci de concision, il suppose que l\u0026rsquo;objet driver est prédéfini et disponible pour la méthode.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Cette méthode résume complètement les concepts de champs de saisie, des boutons, des clics et même des pages de votre code de test. Utiliser ceci approche, tout ce qu\u0026rsquo;un testeur doit faire est d\u0026rsquo;appeler cette méthode. Cela donne vous un avantage de maintenance: si les champs de connexion ont changé, vous n\u0026rsquo;aurait qu'à changer cette méthode - pas vos tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } Il faut le répéter: l\u0026rsquo;un de vos principaux objectifs devrait être de rédiger un API qui permet à vos tests de répondre le problème à portée de main, et NON le problème de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur. L\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur est une préoccupation secondaire pour votre utilisateurs - ils ne se soucient pas de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur, ils veulent juste obtenir leur emploi terminé. Vos scripts de test doivent se lire comme une liste de choses à laver l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur veut FAIRE et ce qu\u0026rsquo;il veut SAVOIR. Les tests ne devrait pas se préoccuper de la façon dont l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur vous oblige à aller à propos de ça.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Le client Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour exécuter un client WebDriver distant, nous devons d\u0026rsquo;abord nous connecter au RemoteWebDriver. Nous le faisons en pointant l\u0026rsquo;URL vers l\u0026rsquo;adresse du serveur exécutant nos tests. Afin de personnaliser notre configuration, nous avons défini les capacités souhaitées. Voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;instanciation d\u0026rsquo;un objet WebDriver distant pointant vers notre serveur Web distant, www.example.com, exécuter nos tests sur Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Pour personnaliser davantage notre configuration de test, nous pouvons ajouter d\u0026rsquo;autres fonctionnalités souhaitées.\nOptions du navigateur Par exemple, supposons que vous vouliez exécuter Chrome sur Windows XP, en utilisant la version 67 de Chrome:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Détecteur de fichiers local Le détecteur de fichiers local permet le transfert de fichiers depuis le client machine au serveur distant. Par exemple, si un test doit télécharger un fichier vers une application Web, un WebDriver distant peut transférer automatiquement le fichier de la machine locale au serveur Web distant pendant Durée. Cela permet au fichier d'être téléchargé depuis la machine distante exécuter le test. Il n\u0026rsquo;est pas activé par défaut et peut être activé dans de la manière suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Une fois le code ci-dessus défini, vous pouvez télécharger un fichier dans votre test de la manière suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Les pré-requis de WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grâce à WebDriver, Selenium prend en charge tous les principaux navigateurs du marché tels que Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera et Safari. Dans la mesure du possible, WebDriver pilote le navigateur en utilisant la prise en charge intégrée du navigateur pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, bien que tous les navigateurs n\u0026rsquo;aient pas de support officiel pour la télécommande.\nL\u0026rsquo;objectif de WebDriver est d'émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur réel avec le navigateur le plus près possible. Cela est possible à différents niveaux dans différents navigateurs. Pour plus de détails sur les différentes particularités des pilotes, veuillez consulter Idiosyncrasies des pilotes.\nMême si tous les pilotes partagent une seule interface utilisateur pour contrôler le navigateur, ils ont des façons légèrement différentes de configurer des sessions de navigateur. Étant donné que de nombreuses implémentations de pilotes sont fournies par des tiers, ils ne sont pas inclus dans la distribution standard de sélénium.\nInstanciation du pilote, gestion des profils et divers paramètres spécifiques au navigateur sont des exemples de paramètres qui ont des exigences différentes selon le navigateur. Cette section explique les exigences de base pour vous familiariser avec les différents navigateurs.\nAjout d\u0026rsquo;exécutables à votre PATH La plupart des pilotes nécessitent un exécutable supplémentaire pour que Selenium puisse communiquer avec le navigateur. Vous pouvez spécifier manuellement l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l\u0026rsquo;exécutable avant de démarrer WebDriver, mais cela peut rendre vos tests moins portables, car les exécutables devront être au même endroit sur chaque machine, ou inclus dans votre référentiel de code de test.\nEn ajoutant un dossier contenant les binaires de WebDriver à votre système chemin d\u0026rsquo;accès, Selenium pourra localiser les binaires supplémentaires sans nécessitant votre code de test pour localiser l\u0026rsquo;emplacement exact du pilote.\n  Créez un répertoire dans lequel placer les exécutables, comme C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin\n  Ajoutez le répertoire à votre CHEMIN:\n  Sous Windows - Ouvrez une invite de commande en tant qu\u0026rsquo;administrateur et exécutez la commande suivante pour ajouter en permanence le répertoire à votre chemin pour tous les utilisateurs de votre machine:\nsetx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;   Utilisateurs Bash sur macOS et Linux - Dans un terminal:\nexport PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile     Vous êtes maintenant prêt à tester vos modifications. Fermez toutes les invites de commande ouvertes et ouvrez-en une nouvelle. Tapez le nom de l\u0026rsquo;un des binaires dans le dossier que vous avez créé à l'étape précédente, par exemple:\nchromedriver   Si votre PATH est configuré correctement, vous verrez une sortie relative au démarrage du pilote:\nStarting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed.   Vous pouvez reprendre le contrôle de votre invite de commande en appuyant sur  Ctrl + C \nRéférence rapide    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Pour conduire Chrome ou Chromium, vous devez télécharger chromedriver et placez-le dans un dossier qui se trouve sur le chemin de votre système.\nSous Linux ou macOS, cela signifie modifier la variable d\u0026rsquo;environnement PATH. Vous pouvez voir quels répertoires, séparés par deux points, créez le chemin de votre système en exécutant la commande suivante:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Pour inclure chromedriver sur le chemin si ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas déjà fait, assurez-vous d\u0026rsquo;inclure le répertoire parent du binaire chromedriver. La ligne suivante définira la variable d\u0026rsquo;environnement PATH son contenu actuel, plus un chemin supplémentaire ajouté après les deux points:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Lorsque chromedriver est disponible sur votre chemin, vous devriez pouvoir exécuter l\u0026rsquo;exécutable chromedriver à partir de n\u0026rsquo;importe quel répertoire.\nPour instancier une session Chrome / Chromium, vous pouvez procéder comme suit:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas que vous devez définir le chemin d\u0026rsquo;accès à l\u0026rsquo;exécutable chromedriver. Ceci est possible en utilisant la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     Le chromedriver est implémenté en tant que serveur distant WebDriver qu\u0026rsquo;en exposant l\u0026rsquo;interface proxy d\u0026rsquo;automatisation interne de Chrome indique au navigateur quoi faire.\nFirefox Depuis Selenium 3, Mozilla a pris en charge la mise en œuvre de Pilote Firefox, avec geckodriver. Le nouveau pilote pour Firefox s\u0026rsquo;appelle geckodriver et fonctionne avec Firefox 48 et plus récent. Étant donné que Firefox WebDriver est en cours de développement, le plus la version Firefox est récente, meilleur est le support.\nComme geckodriver est la nouvelle façon par défaut de lancer Firefox, vous pouvez instancier Firefox de la même manière que Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Si vous préférez ne pas définir l\u0026rsquo;emplacement du geckodriver à l\u0026rsquo;aide de PATH, définissez l\u0026rsquo;emplacement binaire de geckodriver par programme:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Il est également possible de définir la propriété au moment de l\u0026rsquo;exécution:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Il est actuellement possible de revenir à l\u0026rsquo;ancienne, plus de fonctionnalités complètes Pilote Firefox, en installant Firefox 47.0.1 ou 45 ESR et en spécifiant une capacité souhaitée de marionnette comme false. Les versions ultérieures de Firefox ne sont plus compatibles.\nEdge Edge est le plus récent navigateur de Microsoft, inclus avec Windows 10 et Server 2016. Les mises à jour d\u0026rsquo;Edge sont regroupées avec les principales mises à jour Windows, vous devrez donc télécharger un fichier binaire qui correspond au numéro de version de votre version de Windows actuellement installée. Le site des développeurs Edge contient des liens vers tous les binaires disponibles. Bugs contre EdgeDriver la mise en œuvre peut être augmentée avec Microsoft. Si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests sur Edge, mais que vous n\u0026rsquo;exécutez pas Windows 10, Microsoft offrir des machines virtuelles gratuites aux testeurs sur le site des développeurs Edge.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Si le pilote Edge n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent dans votre chemin, vous pouvez définir le chemin à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer était le navigateur par défaut de Microsoft jusqu'à Windows 10, bien qu\u0026rsquo;il est toujours inclus dans Windows 10. Le pilote Internet Explorer est le seul pilote Le projet Selenium vise à supporter les mêmes versions Microsoft considère actuel. Les versions plus anciennes peuvent fonctionner, mais ne seront pas prises en charge.\nAlors que le projet Selenium fournit des binaires pour les 32 bits et 64 bits versions d\u0026rsquo;Internet Explorer, il y en a limitations avec Internet Explorer 10 et 11 avec le pilote 64 bits, mais en utilisant le 32 bits le conducteur continue de bien fonctionner. Il convient de noter que, comme Internet Explorer les préférences sont enregistrées sur le compte de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur connecté, certaines une configuration supplémentaire est requise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Si le pilote Internet Explorer n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent dans votre chemin, vous pouvez définir le chemin en utilisant la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft propose également un binaire WebDriver pour Internet Explorer 11 sur Windows 7 et 8.1. Il n\u0026rsquo;a pas été mis à jour depuis 2014 et est basé sur une version provisoire du Spécifications W3. Jim Evans a une excellente synthèse sur la mise en œuvre de Microsoft.\nOpera Les versions actuelles d\u0026rsquo;Opera sont construites sur le moteur Chromium, et WebDriver est désormais pris en charge via la source fermée Pilote Opera Chromium, qui peut être ajouté à votre CHEMIN ou en tant que propriété système.\nL\u0026rsquo;instanciation d\u0026rsquo;une session de pilote est similaire à Firefox et Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra et plus tard:\n Exécutez la commande suivante à partir du terminal pour la première l\u0026rsquo;heure et tapez votre mot de passe à l\u0026rsquo;invite pour autoriser WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Activer le menu développeur à partir des préférences de Safari Cochez l\u0026rsquo;option Allow Remote Automation à partir de avec le menu Développer Exécutez la commande suivante à partir du terminal pour la première l\u0026rsquo;heure et tapez votre mot de passe à l\u0026rsquo;invite pour autoriser WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Vous pouvez ensuite démarrer une session de pilote en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Ceux qui cherchent à automatiser Safari sur iOS devraient regarder Projet Appium. Alors que Safari était auparavant disponible pour Windows, Apple a depuis longtemps abandonné le support, ce qui en fait un mauvais choix de plateforme de test.\nNavigateur simulé HtmlUnit HtmlUnit est un \u0026ldquo;navigateur sans interface graphique pour les programmes Java\u0026rdquo;. Il modélise des documents HTML et fournit une API qui vous permet d\u0026rsquo;appeler des pages, de remplir des formulaires, de cliquer sur liens, etc. Il prend en charge JavaScript et est capable de travailler avec les bibliothèques AJAX, simulation de Chrome, Firefox ou Internet Explorer selon la configuration utilisé. Il a été déplacé vers un nouvel emplacement. La source est maintenue sur svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS est un navigateur sans tête basé sur Webkit, bien qu\u0026rsquo;une version beaucoup plus ancienne que celle utilisée par Google Chrome ou Safari. Bien qu\u0026rsquo;historiquement populaire choix, il serait désormais sage d'éviter PhantomJS. Le projet a été non entretenu depuis le 5 août, Ainsi, même si le Web continuera de changer, PhantomJS ne sera pas mis à jour. Ce fut après que Google a annoncé la possibilité d\u0026rsquo;exécuter Chrome sans tête, quelque chose aussi maintenant offert par Firefox de Mozilla.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Mettre en place votre propre Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour utiliser la grille de Selenium, vous devez maintenir votre propre infrastructure pour les nœuds. Comme cela peut être un effort lourd et intense en temps, de nombreuses organisations utilisent des fournisseurs IaaS comme Amazon EC2 et Google Compute pour fournir cette infrastructure.\nD\u0026rsquo;autres options incluent l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de fournisseurs tels que Sauce Labs ou Testing Bot qui fournissent un Selenium Grid en tant que service dans le cloud. Il est certainement possible d\u0026rsquo;exécuter également des nœuds sur votre propre matériel. Ce chapitre abordera en détail l\u0026rsquo;option de faire fonctionner votre propre grille, complet avec sa propre infrastructure de nœuds.\nQuick start Cet exemple vous montrera comment démarrer le Selenium 2 Grid Hub, et enregistrer à la fois un nœud WebDriver et un nœud hérité Selenium 1 RC. Nous vous montrerons également comment appeler la grille depuis Java. Le hub et les nœuds sont montrés ici fonctionnant sur la même machine, mais bien sûr, vous pouvez copier le serveur autonome de Selenium sur plusieurs machines.\nLe package selenium-server-standalone comprend le concentrateur, WebDriver et l\u0026rsquo;héritage RC nécessaires pour exécuter la grille, ant n\u0026rsquo;est plus requis. Vous pouvez télécharger le selenium-server-standalone.jar depuis https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nÉtape 1: démarrez le hub Le Hub est le point central qui recevra les demandes de test et les distribuer aux bons nœuds. La distribution se fait sur la base des capacités, ce qui signifie un test nécessitant un ensemble de capacités ne sera distribué qu\u0026rsquo;aux nœuds offrant cet ensemble ou sous-ensemble de capacités.\nParce que les capacités souhaitées d\u0026rsquo;un test sont exactement ce que son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, desired, le concentrateur ne peut pas garantir qu\u0026rsquo;il localisera un nœud correspondant parfaitement à l\u0026rsquo;ensemble de capacités souhaité.\nOuvrez une invite de commande et accédez au répertoire dans lequel vous avez copié le fichier selenium-server-standalone.jar. Vous démarrez le hub en passant le drapeau -role hub sur le serveur autonome:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nLe concentrateur écoutera le port 4444 par défaut. Vous pouvez afficher l'état du concentrateur en ouvrant une fenêtre de navigateur et en accédant à http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPour modifier le port par défaut, vous pouvez ajouter le drapeau facultatif -port avec un entier représentant le port à écouter lorsque vous exécutez la commande. En outre, toutes les autres options que vous voyez dans le fichier de configuration JSON (voir ci-dessous) sont des drapeaux de ligne de commande possibles.\nVous pouvez certainement vous en tirer avec la simple commande ci-dessus, mais si vous avez besoin d\u0026rsquo;une configuration plus avancée, vous pouvez également spécifier un fichier de configuration au format JSON, pour plus de commodité, pour configurer le concentrateur au démarrage. Vous pouvez le faire comme ceci:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Ci-dessous, vous verrez un exemple de fichier hubConfig.json. Nous verrons plus en détail comment fournir les fichiers de configuration de noeud à l'étape 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Étape 2: démarrez les nœuds Que vous souhaitiez exécuter une grille avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités WebDriver, ou une grille avec la fonctionnalité Selenium 1 RC, Ou les deux à la fois, vous utilisez le même fichier selenium-server-standalone.jar pour démarrer les nœuds:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Si un port n\u0026rsquo;est pas spécifié via l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -port, un port libre sera choisi. Vous pouvez exécuter plusieurs nœuds sur une seule machine mais si vous le faites, vous devez être conscient des ressources mémoire de votre système et des problèmes avec les captures d'écran si vos tests les prennent.\nConfiguration du nœud avec options Comme mentionné, pour une compatibilité ascendante Les rôles \u0026ldquo;wd\u0026rdquo; et \u0026ldquo;rc\u0026rdquo; sont toujours un sous-ensemble valide du rôle \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo;. Mais ces rôles limitent les types de connexions distantes à leur API correspondante, tandis que \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo; permet à la fois les connexions à distance RC et WebDriver.\nPasser les propriétés JVM (en utilisant l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -D avant l\u0026rsquo;argument -jar) sur la ligne de commande, et ceux-ci seront ramassés et propagés aux nœuds:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration de Node avec JSON Vous pouvez également démarrer des nœuds de grille configurés avec un fichier de configuration JSON\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json Et voici un exemple de fichier nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Une note sur le drapeau -host\nPour le concentrateur et le nœud, si l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -host n\u0026rsquo;est pas spécifié, 0.0.0.0 sera utilisé par défaut. Cela se liera à tous les interfaces IPv4 publiques (sans boucle) de la machine. Si vous avez un spécial configuration réseau ou tout composant créant des interfaces réseau supplémentaires, il est conseillé de définir le drapeau -host avec une valeur qui concentrateur/node accessible depuis une autre machine.\nSpécification du port Le port TCP/IP par défaut utilisé par le concentrateur est 4444. Si vous devez changer le port veuillez utiliser les configurations mentionnées ci-dessus.\nDépannage Utilisation du fichier journal Pour un dépannage avancé, vous pouvez spécifier un fichier journal pour enregistrer les messages système. Démarrez le concentrateur ou le nœud Selenium GRID avec l\u0026rsquo;argument -log. Veuillez voir l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessous:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Utilisez votre éditeur de texte préféré pour ouvrir le fichier journal (log.txt dans l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessus) pour trouver Journaux \u0026ldquo;ERREUR\u0026rdquo; si vous rencontrez des problèmes.\nUtilisation de l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug Vous pouvez également utiliser l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug pour imprimer les journaux de débogage sur la console. Démarrez Selenium Grid Hub ou Node avec l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug. S\u0026rsquo;il te plait regarde l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessous:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Attention La grille de Selenium doit être protégée des accès externes à l\u0026rsquo;aide de autorisations de pare-feu.\nLe fait de ne pas protéger votre grille peut entraîner un ou plusieurs des événements suivants:\n Vous fournissez un accès ouvert à votre infrastructure Grid Vous autorisez des tiers à accéder aux applications et fichiers Web internes Vous autorisez des tiers à exécuter des binaires personnalisés  Voir cet article de blog sur Detectify, qui donne une bonne aperçu de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation abusive d\u0026rsquo;une grille exposée publiquement: Ne laissez pas votre grille grande ouverte.\nDocker Selenium Docker fournit un moyen pratique de fournir et dimensionner l\u0026rsquo;infrastructure Selenium Grid dans une unité appelée conteneur. Les conteneurs sont des unités logicielles standardisées qui contiennent tout le nécessaire pour exécuter l\u0026rsquo;application souhaitée, y compris toutes les dépendances, dans un environnement fiable et reproductible sur différentes machines.\nLe projet Selenium gère un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;images Docker que vous pouvez télécharger et exécutez pour obtenir une grille de travail rapidement opérationnelle. Les nœuds sont disponibles pour Firefox et Chrome. Vous trouverez tous les détails sur la configuration d\u0026rsquo;un réseau dans le Docker Selenium dépôt.\nPrérequis La seule exigence pour exécuter une grille est d\u0026rsquo;avoir Docker installé et fonctionnel. Installer Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Mettre en place votre propre Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comment migrer vers Selenium WebDriver Une question fréquente lors de l\u0026rsquo;adoption de Selenium 2 est la bonne chose à faire lors de l\u0026rsquo;ajout de nouveaux tests à un ensemble de tests existant? Utilisateurs nouveaux dans le Le framework peut commencer par utiliser les nouvelles API WebDriver pour écrire leurs tests. Mais qu\u0026rsquo;en est-il des utilisateurs qui ont déjà des suites de tests existants? Ce guide est conçu pour montrer comment migrer vos tests existants vers les nouvelles API, permettant à tous les nouveaux tests d'être écrits en utilisant les nouvelles fonctionnalités offertes par WebDriver.\nLa méthode présentée ici décrit une migration fragmentaire vers le WebDriver API sans avoir à tout retravailler en une seule poussée massive. Ça signifie que vous pouvez accorder plus de temps pour la migration de vos tests existants, qui peut vous aider à décider où dépenser vos efforts.\nCe guide est écrit en utilisant Java, car il a le meilleur support pour faire la migration. Comme nous fournissons de meilleurs outils pour d\u0026rsquo;autres langues, ce guide sera élargi pour inclure ces langues.\nPourquoi migrer vers WebDriver Le déplacement d\u0026rsquo;une suite de tests d\u0026rsquo;une API à une autre API nécessite une énorme quantité d\u0026rsquo;effort. Pourquoi voudriez-vous, vous et votre équipe, envisager cette démarche? Voici quelques raisons pour lesquelles vous devriez envisager de migrer vos tests de Selenium pour utiliser WebDriver.\n API plus petite et compacte. L\u0026rsquo;API de WebDriver est plus orientée objet que le API d\u0026rsquo;origine Selenium RC. Cela peut faciliter le travail avec. Meilleure émulation des interactions utilisateur. Dans la mesure du possible, WebDriver fait utilisation d'événements natifs pour interagir avec une page Web. Cela de plus près imite la façon dont vos utilisateurs travaillent avec votre site et vos applications. En plus, WebDriver propose les API d\u0026rsquo;interaction utilisateur avancées qui vous permettent de modélisez des interactions complexes avec votre site. Prise en charge par les fournisseurs de navigateurs. Opera, Mozilla et Google sont tous actifs participants au développement de WebDriver, et chacun a des ingénieurs travaillant pour améliorer le cadre. Souvent, cela signifie que la prise en charge de WebDriver est intégré dans le navigateur lui-même: vos tests s\u0026rsquo;exécutent aussi rapidement et aussi stable que possible.  Avant de commencer Afin de rendre le processus de migration aussi indolore que possible, faites assurez-vous que tous vos tests fonctionnent correctement avec la dernière version de Selenium. Cela peut sembler évident, mais il vaut mieux le dire!\nCommencer La première étape lors du démarrage de la migration consiste à modifier la façon dont vous obtenez votre instance de Selenium. Lorsque vous utilisez Selenium RC, cela se fait comme suit:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Cela devrait être remplacé comme suit:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Prochaines étapes Une fois vos tests exécutés sans erreur, la prochaine étape consiste à migrer le code de test réel pour utiliser les API WebDriver. Selon la façon dont bien abstrait votre code est, cela peut être un processus court ou long. Dans les deux cas, l\u0026rsquo;approche est la même et peut se résumer simplement: modifier le code pour utiliser la nouvelle API lorsque vous venez de le modifier.\nSi vous devez extraire l\u0026rsquo;implémentation WebDriver sous-jacente de l\u0026rsquo;instance de Selenium, vous pouvez simplement la lancer sur WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Cela vous permet de continuer à transmettre l\u0026rsquo;instance Selenium comme normal, mais pour déballer l\u0026rsquo;instance WebDriver comme requis.\nÀ un moment donné, votre base de code utilisera principalement les nouvelles API. À ce stade, vous pouvez inverser la relation en utilisant WebDriver et instancier une instance de Selenium à la demande:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problèmes communs Heureusement, vous n'êtes pas la première personne à traverser cette migration, voici donc quelques problèmes communs que d\u0026rsquo;autres ont vus, et comment les résoudre.\nCliquer et taper est plus complet Un schéma courant dans un test Selenium RC est de voir quelque chose comme:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Cela repose sur le fait que \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; remplace simplement le contenu du élément identifié sans déclencher également tous les événements qui normalement être renvoyé si un utilisateur interagit avec la page. Les invocations directes finales de \u0026ldquo;clé*\u0026rdquo; provoque le déclenchement des gestionnaires JS comme prévu.\nLors de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriverBackedSelenium, le résultat du remplissage du formulaire serait \u0026ldquo;texttt excitant\u0026rdquo;: pas ce que vous attendez! La raison de cela est que WebDriver émule plus précisément le comportement des utilisateurs, et aura donc a tiré des événements tout au long.\nCe même fait peut parfois déclencher un chargement de page plus tôt qu\u0026rsquo;il ne le ferait faire dans un test de sélénium 1. Vous pouvez dire que cela s\u0026rsquo;est produit si un \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; est levé par WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad revient trop tôt Découvrir quand un chargement de page est terminé est une entreprise délicate. Voulons-nous \u0026ldquo;lorsque l'événement de chargement se déclenche\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;lorsque toutes les requêtes AJAX sont terminées\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;lorsque il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de trafic réseau \u0026ldquo;,\u0026rdquo; lorsque document.readyState a changé \u0026ldquo;ou quelque chose sinon entièrement?\nWebDriver tente de simuler le comportement d\u0026rsquo;origine de Selenium, mais cela ne fonctionnent toujours parfaitement pour diverses raisons. La raison la plus courante est que c\u0026rsquo;est difficile de faire la différence entre un chargement de page n\u0026rsquo;ayant pas encore commencé et un chargement de page terminé entre les appels de méthode. Cela signifie parfois que le contrôle revient à votre test avant que la page ne soit terminée (ou même commencée!) chargement.\nLa solution est d\u0026rsquo;attendre quelque chose de spécifique. Généralement, cela pourrait être pour l'élément avec lequel vous souhaitez interagir ensuite, ou pour une variable Javascript à définir sur une valeur spécifique. Un exemple serait:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Où \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; est implémenté comme:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Cela peut sembler complexe, mais c\u0026rsquo;est presque tout le code de la plaque de la chaudière. Le seul bit intéressant est que le \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; sera évalué à plusieurs reprises jusqu'à ce que la méthode \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; renvoie quelque chose qui n\u0026rsquo;est ni \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; ni Boolean.FALSE.\nBien sûr, l\u0026rsquo;ajout de tous ces appels \u0026ldquo;d\u0026rsquo;attente\u0026rdquo; peut encombrer votre code. Si c\u0026rsquo;est le cas, et vos besoins sont simples, pensez à utiliser les attentes implicites:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); En faisant cela, chaque fois qu\u0026rsquo;un élément est localisé, si l'élément n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent, l\u0026rsquo;emplacement est réessayé jusqu'à ce qu\u0026rsquo;il soit présent ou jusqu'à 30 secondes passé.\nTrouver par XPath ou sélecteurs CSS ne fonctionne pas toujours, mais cela fonctionne avec Selenium 1 Dans Selenium 1, il était courant que xpath utilise une bibliothèque groupée plutôt que les capacités du navigateur lui-même. WebDriver utilisera toujours le natif méthodes de navigateur, sauf s\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas d\u0026rsquo;autre alternative. Cela signifie que xpath complexe les expressions peuvent se briser sur certains navigateurs.\nLes sélecteurs CSS dans Selenium 1 ont été implémentés à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la bibliothèque Sizzle. Cette implémente un surensemble de la spécification CSS Selector, et il n\u0026rsquo;est pas toujours clair où vous avez franchi la ligne. Si vous utilisez WebDriverBackedSelenium et utilisez un Sizzle locator au lieu d\u0026rsquo;un CSS Selector pour trouver des éléments, un avertissement être connecté à la console. Cela vaut la peine de prendre le temps de les chercher, en particulier si les tests échouent faute de pouvoir trouver des éléments.\nIl n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de Browserbot Selenium RC était basé sur Selenium Core, et donc lorsque vous avez exécuté JavaScript, vous pouvez accéder à des morceaux de Selenium Core pour faciliter les choses. Comme WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est pas basé sur Selenium Core, cela n\u0026rsquo;est plus possible. Comment savoir si vous utilisez Selenium Core? Facile! Regardez juste pour voir si vos appels \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; ou similaires utilisent \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; dans le Javascript évalué.\nVous utilisez peut-être le navigateur pour obtenir un descripteur de la fenêtre actuelle ou document du test. Heureusement, WebDriver évalue toujours JS dans le contexte de la fenêtre en cours, vous pouvez donc utiliser directement \u0026ldquo;fenêtre\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;.\nVous pouvez également utiliser le navigateur pour localiser des éléments. Dans WebDriver, l\u0026rsquo;idiome pour ce faire est de localiser d\u0026rsquo;abord l'élément, puis passez cela comme argument au Javascript. Donc:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); devient:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Remarquez comment la variable \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; passée apparaît comme premier élément dans le tableau \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; standard de JS.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything JavascriptExecutor de WebDriver encapsulera tous les JS et l'évaluera comme une expression anonyme. Cela signifie que vous devez utiliser le mot-clé \u0026ldquo;retour\u0026rdquo;:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); devient:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observabilité","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Quand utiliser Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"De manière générale, il existe deux raisons pour lesquelles vous souhaiterez peut-être utiliser Grid.\n Pour exécuter vos tests sur plusieurs navigateurs, plusieurs versions de navigateur, et les navigateurs fonctionnant sur différents systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation. Pour réduire le temps nécessaire à la suite de tests pour terminer une passe de test.  La grille est utilisée pour accélérer l\u0026rsquo;exécution d\u0026rsquo;un test réussi en utilisant plusieurs machines pour exécuter des tests en parallèle. Par exemple, si vous avez une suite de 100 tests, mais vous avez configuré Grid pour prendre en charge 4 machines différentes (VM ou machines physiques distinctes) pour exécuter ces tests, votre suite de tests se terminera en (environ) un quart du temps comme si vous exécutiez vos tests de manière séquentielle sur une seule machine. Pour les grandes suites de tests et les suites de tests de longue durée telles que ceux qui effectuent de grandes quantités de validation des données, cela peut être un gagne-temps. Certaines suites de tests peuvent prendre des heures à s\u0026rsquo;exécuter. Une autre raison de booster la le temps passé à exécuter la suite est de raccourcir le délai d\u0026rsquo;exécution des résultats des tests après le code d\u0026rsquo;enregistrement des développeurs pour l\u0026rsquo;AUT. De plus en plus d'équipes logicielles pratiquant le développement logiciel Agile veulent des commentaires sur les tests aussi possible par opposition à attendre la nuit pour un passage de test de nuit.\nLa grille est également utilisée pour prendre en charge l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests sur plusieurs environnements d\u0026rsquo;exécution environnements, en particulier, contre différents navigateurs en même temps. Pour Par exemple, une \u0026ldquo;grille\u0026rdquo; de machines virtuelles peut être configurée, chacune prenant en charge un navigateur différent que l\u0026rsquo;application à tester doit prendre en charge. Donc, la machine 1 a Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 la dernière Chrome et la machine 4 la dernière version de Firefox. Lorsque la suite de tests est exécutée, Selenium-Grid reçoit chaque combinaison de navigateur de test et attribue chaque test à exécuter sur son navigateur requis.\nDe plus, on peut avoir une grille de tous les mêmes navigateur, type et version. Pour par exemple, on pourrait avoir une grille de 4 machines exécutant chacune 3 instances de Firefox 70, permettant une \u0026ldquo;batterie de serveurs\u0026rdquo; (dans un sens) de Firefox disponible instances. Lorsque la suite s\u0026rsquo;exécute, chaque test est passé à Grid qui attribue le test à la prochaine instance de Firefox disponible. De cette manière, on obtient la réussite du test où, en théorie, 12 tests sont tous en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution en même temps dans parallèle, ce qui réduit considérablement le temps nécessaire pour réussir un test.\nLa grille est très flexible. Ces deux exemples peuvent être combinés pour permettre plusieurs instances de chaque type et version de navigateur. Une configuration telle que cela fournirait à la fois une exécution parallèle pour un achèvement rapide des tests et prise en charge simultanée de plusieurs types et versions de navigateur.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Travailler avec les couleurs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vous voudrez parfois valider la couleur de quelque chose dans le cadre de vos tests; le problème est que les définitions de couleurs sur le Web ne sont pas constantes. Ne serait-ce pas bien s\u0026rsquo;il y avait un moyen facile de comparer une représentation HEX d\u0026rsquo;une couleur avec une représentation RGB d\u0026rsquo;une couleur, ou une représentation RGBA d\u0026rsquo;une couleur avec une représentation HSLA d\u0026rsquo;une couleur?\nNe t\u0026rsquo;inquiètes pas. Il y a une solution: la classe Color!\nTout d\u0026rsquo;abord, vous devrez importer la classe:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Vous pouvez maintenant commencer à créer des objets de couleur. Chaque objet de couleur devra être créé à partir d\u0026rsquo;une représentation sous forme de chaîne de votre couleur. Les représentations de couleurs prises en charge sont:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     La classe Color prend également en charge toutes les définitions de couleurs de base spécifié dans http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Parfois, les navigateurs renvoient une valeur de couleur \u0026ldquo;transparente\u0026rdquo; si aucune couleur n\u0026rsquo;a été définie sur un élément. La classe Color prend également en charge ceci:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Vous pouvez désormais interroger un élément en toute sécurité pour obtenir sa couleur / couleur de fond sachant que toute réponse sera correctement analysée et converti en un objet Color valide:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Vous pouvez ensuite comparer directement les objets de couleur:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Ou vous pouvez convertir la couleur dans l\u0026rsquo;un des formats suivants et effectuer une validation statique:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Les couleurs ne sont plus un problème.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Téléchargement de fichier","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Bien qu\u0026rsquo;il soit possible de démarrer un téléchargement en cliquant sur un lien avec un navigateur sous le contrôle de Selenium, l\u0026rsquo;API n\u0026rsquo;expose pas la progression du téléchargement, ce qui n\u0026rsquo;est pas idéal pour tester les fichiers téléchargés. En effet, le téléchargement de fichiers n\u0026rsquo;est pas considéré comme un aspect important d'émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction des utilisateurs avec la plate-forme Web. À la place, recherchez le lien à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Selenium (et tous les cookies requis) et le passer à une bibliothèque de requêtes HTTP comme libcurl.\n Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Codes réponse HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour certaines configurations de navigateur dans Selenium RC, Selenium a agi comme un proxy entre le navigateur et le site étant automatisé. Cela signifiait que tout le trafic du navigateur passait par Selenium pourrait être capturé ou manipulé. La méthode captureNetworkTraffic() censé capturer tout le trafic réseau entre le navigateur et le site étant automatisé, y compris les codes de réponse HTTP.\nSelenium WebDriver est une approche complètement différente à l\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur, préférant agir plus comme un utilisateur et cela est représenté dans la façon dont vous écrivez des tests avec WebDriver. Dans les tests fonctionnels automatisés, vérification du code d'état n\u0026rsquo;est pas un détail particulièrement important de l'échec d\u0026rsquo;un test; les étapes qui l\u0026rsquo;ont précédé sont plus importantes.\nLe navigateur représentera toujours le code d'état HTTP, imaginez par exemple une page d\u0026rsquo;erreur 404 ou 500. Un moyen simple de \u0026ldquo;échouer rapidement\u0026rdquo; lorsque vous rencontrez l\u0026rsquo;une de ces pages d\u0026rsquo;erreur est de vérifier le titre de la page ou le contenu d\u0026rsquo;un point fiable (par exemple, la balise \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) après chaque chargement de page. Si vous utilisez le modèle d\u0026rsquo;objet de page, vous pouvez inclure cette vérification dans votre constructeur de classe ou un point similaire où le chargement de la page est prévu. Parfois, le code HTTP peut même être représenté dans la page d\u0026rsquo;erreur du navigateur et vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver pour lire ceci et améliorez votre sortie de débogage.\nLa vérification de la page Web elle-même est en ligne avec la pratique idéale de WebDriver de représenter et d\u0026rsquo;affirmer la vision de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur du site Web.\nSi vous insistez, une solution avancée pour capturer les codes d'état HTTP consiste à reproduire le comportement de Selenium RC à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;un proxy. L\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver permet de définir un proxy pour le navigateur, et il existe un certain nombre de procurations qui vous permet de manipuler par programme le contenu des demandes envoyées et reçues du serveur Web. L\u0026rsquo;utilisation d\u0026rsquo;un proxy vous permet de décider comment vous souhaitez répondre aux codes de réponse de redirection. De plus, tous les navigateurs ne sont pas met les codes de réponse à la disposition de WebDriver, donc choisir d\u0026rsquo;utiliser un proxy vous permet d\u0026rsquo;avoir une solution qui fonctionne pour chaque navigateur.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configuration des composants","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generer l&#39;état de l&#39;application","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le sélénium ne doit pas être utilisé pour préparer un cas de test. Tous répétitifs les actions et les préparatifs pour un test élémentaire devraient être effectués par méthodes. Par exemple, la plupart des interfaces utilisateur Web ont une authentification (par exemple, une connexion forme). Éliminer la connexion via un navigateur Web avant chaque test améliorer à la fois la vitesse et la stabilité du test. Une méthode devrait être créé pour accéder à l\u0026rsquo;AUT * (par exemple, en utilisant une API pour vous connecter et définir un biscuit). En outre, la création de méthodes de préchargement des données pour les tests ne doivent pas être effectués avec du sélénium. Comme mentionné précédemment, les API existantes doivent être exploitées pour créer des données pour l\u0026rsquo;AUT *.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid est un serveur proxy intelligent qui permet aux tests Selenium d\u0026rsquo;acheminer des commandes vers des instances de navigateur Web distantes. Son objectif est de fournir un moyen simple d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines.\nAvec Selenium Grid, un serveur fait office de concentrateur qui achemine les commandes de test au format JSON à un ou plusieurs nœuds de grille enregistrés. Les tests contactent le concentrateur pour obtenir l\u0026rsquo;accès aux instances de navigateur distantes. Le concentrateur dispose d\u0026rsquo;une liste de serveurs enregistrés auxquels il donne accès, et permet le contrôle de ces instances.\nSelenium Grid nous permet d\u0026rsquo;effectuer des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines, et pour gérer les différentes versions et configurations de navigateur de manière centralisée (au lieu de dans chaque test individuel).\nLa grille de sélénium n\u0026rsquo;est pas une solution miracle. Il résout un sous-ensemble de problèmes de délégation et de distribution communs, mais ne gèrera par exemple pas votre infrastructure, et pourrait ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.\nVeuillez noter que Grid 3 n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge et que le projet Selenium recommande d\u0026rsquo;utiliser Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/","title":"Installation de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Installation de Selenium La configuration de Selenium est très différente de la configuration d\u0026rsquo;autres outils commerciaux. Pour utiliser Selenium dans votre projet d\u0026rsquo;automatisation, vous devez installer les bibliothèques de liaisons linguistiques pour la langue de votre choix. De plus, vous aurez besoin des fichiers binaires WebDriver pour les navigateurs sur lesquels vous souhaitez automatiser et exécuter le test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installer le serveur Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Si vous prévoyez d\u0026rsquo;utiliser [Grid] (/fr/grid/), vous devez télécharger le [selenium-server-standalone JAR] (https://selenium.dev/downloads/). Tous les composants sont disponibles via selenium-server. Le JAR autonome contient tout, y compris le serveur Selenium distant et les liaisons côté client. Cela signifie que si vous utilisez le la jar selenium-server-standalone dans votre projet, vous n\u0026rsquo;avez pas besoin d\u0026rsquo;ajouter de sélénium-java ou un le jar spécifique au navigateur.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localiser des éléments","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localiser des éléments Une des techniques fondamentales à maîtriser lorsque l\u0026rsquo;on utilise WebDriver consiste à chercher des éléments sur une page. WebDriver offre pour cela un ensemble pré-défini de type de selecteurs, parmi lesquels la recherche d\u0026rsquo;une élément par son attribut ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Comme démontré dans cet exemple, la localisation des éléments à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver se fait via une instance de l\u0026rsquo;objet WebDriver. La méthode findElement(By) retourne un autre type d\u0026rsquo;objet fondamental, un WebElement.\n WebDriver represente la navigateur WebElement represente un noeud particulier du DOM (un lien, un champ texte, etc.)  Un fois que l\u0026rsquo;on a obtenu la référence de l'élément web qui a été \u0026ldquo;trouvé\u0026rdquo;, on peut encore réduire la portée de notre recherche en utilisant le même appel de méthode sur l\u0026rsquo;instance de cet objet:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = fromage.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   fromage = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;) cheddar = fromage.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement fromage = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = fromage.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   fromage = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;) cheddar = fromage.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = fromage.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Nous pouvons faire cela car les types WebDriver et WebElement implémentent tous deux l\u0026rsquo;interface SearchContext. Dans WebDriver, ce principe est connu sous le nom de role-based interface. Les interfaces basées sur le rôle nous permettent de déterminer si une implémentation particulière de driver supporte une fonctionnalité donnée. Ces interfaces sont clairement définies et tente d\u0026rsquo;adhérer au principe de responsabilité unique. Vous pouvez en lire plus sur le design de WebDriver et sur quels drivers supportent quels rôles dans le chapitre Un Autre Chapitre Qui Aura Un Nom.\nPar conséquent, l\u0026rsquo;interface By utilisée précédement fournit également d\u0026rsquo;autres stratégies de localisation. Une recherche imbriquée peut ne pas être la startégie la plus adaptée pour trouver notre cheddar puisqu\u0026rsquo;elle nécessite que deux instructions séparées soient envoyées au navigateur ; tout d\u0026rsquo;abord rechercher un élément ayant pour ID \u0026ldquo;fromage\u0026rdquo;, puis une recherche pour \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; dans ce contexte plus restreint.\nPour améliorer légèrement les performances, nous pourrions essayer un sélecteur (une stratégie de localisation) plus spécifique : WebDriver supporte la localisation d'élément via sélecteur CSS, nous permettant de combiner les deux sélecteurs précédents en un seul:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localiser plusieurs éléments Il est possible que le document web sur lequel nous travaillons dispose d\u0026rsquo;une liste ordonnée de nos fromages préférés:\n\u0026lt;ol id=fromage\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Puisque plus de fromage est sans conteste meilleur, et qu\u0026rsquo;il serait lourd de devoir récupérer chaque item un par un, une technique supérieure est d\u0026rsquo;utiliser la forme plurielle findElements(By). Cette méthode retourne une collection d'éléments web. Si un seul élement a été trouvé, la méthode renverra tout de même une collection (d\u0026rsquo;un seul élément). Si aucun élément ne correspond au sélécteur, la collection retournée sera alors vide.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; pleinDeFromage = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;));   plein_de_fromage = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; pleinDeFromage = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;));   plein_de_fromage = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#fromage li\u0026#39;)   const pleinDeFromage = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#fromage li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Stratégie de sélection des éléments WebDriver possède huit stratégies de localisation pré-définies différentes:\n   Sélecteur Description     class name Localise les éléments dont le nom de la classe contient la valeur recherchée (nom composés non permis)   css selector Localise les éléments correspondant à un sélecteur CSS   id Localise les éléments dont l\u0026rsquo;attribut ID correspond à la valeur recherchée   name Localise les éléments dont l\u0026rsquo;attribut NAME correspond à la valeur recherchée   link text Localise les éléments de type ancre (lien) dont le texte visible correspond à la valeur recherchée   partial link text Localise les éléments de type ancre (lien) dont le texte visible contient la valeur recherchée   tag name Localise les éléments dont le nom de tag correspond à la valeur recherchée   xpath Localise les éléments correspondant à un chemin XPath    Astuces d\u0026rsquo;utilisation des sélecteurs En règle général, si des ID HTML sont disponibles, uniques et prédictibles avec constance, alors il est préférable d\u0026rsquo;utiliser cette stratégie pour la localisation d'élément sur une page. Elle a tendance à être très rapide et évite les longs traitements liés à des traversées complexes du DOM.\nSi des IDs uniques ne sont pas disponibles, un sélecteur CSS bien écrit est la méthode de localisation la plus adaptée. Un sélecteur XPath marchera aussi bien qu\u0026rsquo;un sélecteur CSS, cependant sa syntaxe est plus complexe, et souvent, plus compliquée à débugguer. Même si les sélecteur XPath sont très flexibles, ils sont rarement testés d\u0026rsquo;un point de vue performance par les fournisseurs de navigateur et ont donc tendance à être assez lents.\nLes stratégies basés sur linkText et partialLinkText sont contraingnantes du fait qu\u0026rsquo;elles ne fonctionnent que sur des éléments de type lien hypertexte. De plus, elles sont implémentées au sein de WebDriver via des sélecteurs XPath.\nLe nom de tag est une façon dangereuse de localiser des éléments. Il y a fréquemment de multiples éléments ayant le même tag sur une page. Cette stratégie est principalement utile lorsque utilisée avec la méthode findElements(By), renvoyant une collection des élements.\nAu final, la recommendation est de garder ses sélecteurs aussi compacts et lisibles que possible. Demander à WebDriver de traverser la structure du DOM est une opération très coûteuse, de fait plus le scope de recherche sera restreint, meilleures seront les performances.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulation du navigateur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session The browser process The background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it wasn\u0026rsquo;t for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"Runner HTML","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des Test Suites depuis la ligne de commande. Les Tests Suites sont des exports HTML depuis Selenium IDE ou autre outil compatible.\nInformations générales  Les combinaisons de version de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner sont importantes. Il doit y avoir une matrice de compatibilité quelque part. selenium-html-runner exécute seulement des Test Suites (et non pas des Test Case, comme un export de Monitis Transaction Monitor). Assurez-vous de vous y conformer. Pour les utilisateurs Linux sans affichage - vous devez exécuter html-runner avec un affichage virtuel (cherchez xvfb)  Exemple sur environnement Linux Installer / télécharger les packages suivants:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Example de Test Suite:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Comment exécuter selenium-html-runner en mode headless Pour la partie la plus importante, voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;exécution de selenium-html-runner ! Votre expérience peut varier selon les combinaisons logicielles - versions de geckodriver/FF/html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Travailler avec les éléments select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Certains éléments peuvent nécessiter un peu de code de plaque de chaudière pour automatiser. Pour réduire cela et rendre vos tests plus propres, il existe un Classe Select dans le package de support Selenium. Pour l\u0026rsquo;utiliser, vous aurez besoin de l\u0026rsquo;instruction d\u0026rsquo;importation suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Vous pouvez ensuite créer un objet Select à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;un WebElement qui référence un élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a JavaScript code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     L\u0026rsquo;objet Select va maintenant vous donner une série de commandes qui vous permettent d\u0026rsquo;interagir avec un élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Tout d\u0026rsquo;abord, il existe différentes façons de sélectionner une option de l'élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Il existe trois façons de sélectionner la première option dans l'élément ci-dessus:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     Vous pouvez ensuite vérifier les options sélectionnées en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Ou vous pouvez simplement être intéressé par les éléments  l'élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; contient:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     Si vous souhaitez désélectionner des éléments, vous avez maintenant quatre options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Enfin, certains éléments \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; vous permettent de sélectionner plusieurs options. Vous pouvez savoir si votre élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; en fait partie en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types  de test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Test d\u0026rsquo;acceptation Ce type de test est effectué pour déterminer si une fonctionnalité ou un système répond aux attentes et exigences du client. Ce type de test implique généralement le client la coopération ou la rétroaction, étant une activité de validation qui répond à la question:\n Construisons-nous le produit non?.\n Pour les applications web, l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de ces tests peut se faire directement avec Selenium en simulant le comportement attendu de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Cette simulation peut être effectuée par enregistrement / lecture ou par différentes langues prises en charge comme expliqué dans cette documentation. Remarque: Les tests d\u0026rsquo;acceptation sont un sous-type de tests fonctionnels, auquel certaines personnes pourraient également se référer.\nTest fonctionel Ce type de test est effectué pour déterminer si un fonction ou le système fonctionne correctement sans problèmes. Il vérifie le système à différents niveaux pour garantir que tous les scénarios sont couverts et que le système fait censé faire. C\u0026rsquo;est une activité de vérification qui répond à la question:\n Construisons-nous le produit non?.\n Cela comprend généralement: les tests fonctionnent sans erreur (404, exceptions \u0026hellip;), de manière utilisable (redirections correctes), de manière accessible et correspondant à ses spécifications (voir test d\u0026rsquo;acceptation ci-dessus).\nPour les applications Web, l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de ces tests peut être fait directement avec Selenium en simulant les rendements attendus. Cette simulation peut être effectuée par enregistrement / lecture ou par les différentes langues prises en charge comme expliqué dans cette documentation.\nTest de performance Comme son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, des tests de performances sont effectués pour mesurer la performance d\u0026rsquo;une application.\nIl existe deux sous-types principaux pour les tests de performances:\nLoad testing Des tests de charge sont effectués pour vérifier la l\u0026rsquo;application fonctionne sous différentes charges définies (généralement un nombre particulier d\u0026rsquo;utilisateurs connectés en même temps)\nTests de résistance Des tests de résistance sont effectués pour vérifier que l\u0026rsquo;application fonctionne sous contrainte (ou au-dessus de la charge maximale supportée).\nEn règle générale, les tests de performances sont effectués en exécutant certains Test écrit de sélénium simulant différents utilisateurs frapper une fonction particulière sur l\u0026rsquo;application Web et récupérer des mesures significatives.\nCela se fait généralement par d\u0026rsquo;autres outils qui récupèrent les métriques. Un tel outil est JMeter.\nPour une application Web, les détails à mesurer incluent débit, latence, perte de données, temps de chargement des composants individuels \u0026hellip;\nRemarque 1: tous les navigateurs ont un onglet de performances dans leur section des outils des développeurs (accessible en appuyant sur F12)\nRemarque 2: est un sous-type de tests non fonctionnels car cela est généralement mesuré par système et non par fonction / caractéristique.\nLes tests de régression Ce test est généralement effectué après un changement, un correctif ou un ajout de fonctionnalité.\nPour s\u0026rsquo;assurer que le changement n\u0026rsquo;a rompu aucun des fonctionnalité, certains tests déjà exécutés sont exécutés à nouveau.\nL\u0026rsquo;ensemble des tests réexécutés peut être complet ou partiel et peut inclure plusieurs types différents, selon sur l'équipe d\u0026rsquo;application et de développement.\nDéveloppement piloté par les tests (TDD) Plutôt qu\u0026rsquo;un type de test en soi, le TDD est un itératif méthodologie de développement dans laquelle les tests pilotent la conception d\u0026rsquo;une fonctionnalité.\nChaque cycle commence par la création d\u0026rsquo;un ensemble de tests unitaires qui la fonctionnalité doit réussir (ce qui devrait échouer lors de sa première exécution).\nAprès cela, le développement a lieu pour faire passer les tests. Les tests sont exécutés à nouveau en commençant un autre cycle et ce processus se poursuit jusqu'à ce que tous les tests soient réussis.\nCela vise à accélérer le développement d\u0026rsquo;une application basé sur le fait que les défauts sont moins coûteux plus tôt ils sont trouvés.\nDéveloppement axé sur le comportement (BDD) BDD est également une méthodologie de développement itérative basé sur ci-dessus (TDD) dans lequel le but est d\u0026rsquo;impliquer toutes les parties dans le développement d\u0026rsquo;une application.\nChaque cycle commence par la création de quelques spécifications (qui devrait échouer). Créez ensuite l\u0026rsquo;unité défaillante tests (qui devraient également échouer), puis créer le développement.\nCe cycle est répété jusqu'à ce que tous les types de tests réussissent.\nPour ce faire, un langage de spécification est utilisé. Il doit être compréhensible par toutes les parties et simple, standard et explicite. La plupart des outils utilisent Gherkin comme langue.\nL\u0026rsquo;objectif est de pouvoir détecter encore plus d\u0026rsquo;erreurs que TDD en ciblant les erreurs d\u0026rsquo;acceptation potentielles aussi et rendre la communication entre les parties plus fluide.\nUn ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils est actuellement disponible écrire les spécifications et les associer aux fonctions de code, tels que Concombre ou SpecFlow.\nUn ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils est construit sur Selenium pour rendre ce processus encore plus rapide en transformant directement les spécifications BDD en code exécutable. Certains d\u0026rsquo;entre eux sont JBehave, Capybara et Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"A propos de cette documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cette documentation, tout comme le code lui-même, est maintenue à 100% par des volontaires de la communauté Selenium. Beaucoup font partie des utilisateurs de la première heure, mais encore plus sont des utilisateurs récents, et ont donné de leur temps pour améliorer l\u0026rsquo;accueil des nouveaux utilisateurs.\nSi vous rencontrez un problème avec la documentation, nous souhaitons le savoir ! La meilleure façon de communiquer un problème est de visiter https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues et de vérifier si ce problème a déjà été remonté. Si ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas le cas, n\u0026rsquo;hésitez pas à ouvrir une nouvel issue !\nDe nombreux membre de la communauté fréquentent le canal Libera Libera.chat. N\u0026rsquo;hésitez pas à passer et poser vos questions. Si vous recevez de l\u0026rsquo;aide et pensez que cela devrait faire partie de la documentation, votre contribution sera plus que bienvenue ! Nous pouvons mettre à jour cette documentation, mais c\u0026rsquo;est beaucoup plus facile pour tout le monde lorsque nous recevons des contributions venant de nouvelles personnes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Actions de la souris en détail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"La souris représente un événement de souris. Les actions de la souris sont effectuées en utilisant une interface de bas niveau qui nous permet de fournir une action de saisie de périphérique virtualisé au navigateur Web.\nclickAndHold Il se déplacera vers l'élément et cliquera (sans le relâcher) au milieu de l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Cette méthode effectue tout d\u0026rsquo;abord un déplacement de la souris vers l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l'élément et effectue le clic contextuel (clic droit) sur l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Il se déplacera vers l'élément et effectuera un double-clic au milieu de l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Cette méthode déplace la souris au milieu de l'élément. L'élément défile également dans la vue lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de cette action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset Cette méthode déplace la souris de sa position actuelle (ou 0,0) par le décalage donné. Si les coordonnées sont en dehors de la fenêtre d\u0026rsquo;affichage, la souris se retrouvera en dehors de la fenêtre du navigateur.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Cette méthode effectue tout d\u0026rsquo;abord un clic et un maintien sur l'élément source, se déplace vers l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l'élément cible, puis relâche la souris.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Cette méthode effectue d\u0026rsquo;abord un clic et un maintien sur l'élément source, se déplace vers le décalage donné puis relâche la souris.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Cette action relâche le bouton gauche de la souris enfoncé. Si WebElement est passé, il relâchera le bouton gauche de la souris enfoncé sur l'élément WebElement donné\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Bouchonner les appels externes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L'élimination des dépendances sur les services externes s\u0026rsquo;améliorera considérablement la vitesse et la stabilité de vos tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour plusieurs raisons, la connexion à des sites comme Gmail et Facebook avec l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est pas recommandée. Outre le fait que cette méthode est contraire aux conditions d\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ces sites (et que vous risquez de bloquer ou fermer votre compte), elle est lente et peu fiable.\nLa pratique idéale consiste à utiliser les API proposées par les fournisseurs de messagerie ou, dans le cas de Facebook, le service des outils de développement qui propose une API pour créer des comptes de test, des amis, etc. Bien que l\u0026rsquo;utilisation d\u0026rsquo;une API puisse sembler un peu plus difficile, vous serez récompensé en vitesse, fiabilité et stabilité. L\u0026rsquo;API est également peu susceptible de changer alors que les pages Web et les localisateurs HTML changent souvent et vous oblige à mettre à jour votre framework de test.\nSe connecter à des sites tiers à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver à tout moment de votre test augmente le risque de l'échec de votre test, car cela le rallonge. Une règle générale est que les tests sont longs, plus ils sont plus fragiles et peu fiables.\nLes implémentations WebDriver qui sont conforment aux W3C annotent également l\u0026rsquo;objet navigator avec une propriété WebDriver afin que les attaques par déni de service puissent être atténuées.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Débuter avec WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Débuter avec WebDriver Selenium permet l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des navigateurs les plus courants du marché à travers l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver. WebDriver est une API et un protocole définissant une interface agnostique (non orientée vers un langage spécifique) permettant de controller le comportement des navigateurs web. Chaque navigateur est appuyé par une implémentation spécifique de WebDriver, appelée un driver. Ce driver est le composant responsable de la délégation vers le navigateur, et gère la communication entre Selenium et le navigateur.\nCette séparation fait partie d\u0026rsquo;un effort conscient afin de responsabiliser les fournisseurs de navigateurs quant à l\u0026rsquo;implémentation de ceux-ci. Selenium tire parti de drivers tierces lorsque c\u0026rsquo;est possible, mais fournit également ses propres drivers, maintenus par le projet, lorsque nécessaire.\nLe framework Selenium relie toutes ces pièces ensembles via une interface user-friendly qui permet d\u0026rsquo;utiliser différents navigateurs de manière transparente, permettant ainsi l\u0026rsquo;automatisation cross-platform et cross-browser.\nPlus de détail à propos des driver peut être trouvé au chapitre Singularités du Driver.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Fonctionnalités avancées","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 est une nouvelle implémentation et ne partage pas la base de code la version précédente avait.\nGrid 4 a une approche pour tirer parti d\u0026rsquo;un certain nombre de nouvelles technologies afin pour faciliter la mise à l'échelle, tout en permettant l\u0026rsquo;exécution locale.\nPour obtenir tous les détails des composants de Grid 4, comprendre comment cela fonctionne et comment définir vous possédez, veuillez parcourir les sections ci-dessous.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver peut généralement être considéré comme ayant une API de blocage. Parce que c\u0026rsquo;est une bibliothèque hors processus qui instruit le navigateur à faire, et parce que la plate-forme Web a une nature intrinsèquement asynchrone, WebDriver ne suit pas l'état actif en temps réel du DOM. Cela s\u0026rsquo;accompagne de quelques défis que nous aborderons ici.\nDe l\u0026rsquo;expérience, la plupart des intermittents résultant de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de Selenium et de WebDriver sont liés aux conditions de concurrence qui se produisent entre le navigateur et les instructions de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Un exemple pourrait être que l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur demande au navigateur de naviguer vers une page, obtient alors une erreur no such element lorsque vous essayez de trouver un élément.\nConsidérez le document suivant:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; Les instructions WebDriver peuvent sembler assez innocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Le problème ici est que la valeur par défaut stratégie de chargement de page utilisé dans WebDriver écoute le document.readyState pour passer à \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; avant de revenir de l\u0026rsquo;appel à navigate. Parce que l'élément p est ajouté après le chargement du document, ce script WebDriver peut être intermittent. Elle \u0026ldquo;pourrait\u0026rdquo; être intermittente car aucune garantie ne peut être apportée sur les éléments ou événements qui se déclenchent de manière asynchrone sans attendre ou bloquer explicitement ces événements.\nHeureusement, en utilisant le jeu d\u0026rsquo;instructions normal disponible sur l\u0026rsquo;interface [WebElement] (/fr/webdriver/web_element/) - telle comme WebElement.click et WebElement.sendKeys — sont garantie d'être synchrone, en ce que les appels de fonction ne reviendront pas (ou le rappel ne se déclenchera pas dans les langues de style rappel) jusqu'à ce que la commande soit terminée dans le navigateur. Les API d\u0026rsquo;interaction utilisateur avancées, Keyboard et Mouse, sont des exceptions car ils sont explicitement destinés à \u0026ldquo;Faire ce que je dis\u0026rdquo;, commandes asynchrones.\nL\u0026rsquo;attente, c\u0026rsquo;est l\u0026rsquo;exécution automatisée des tâches s\u0026rsquo;est écoulé un certain temps avant de passer à l'étape suivante.\nPour surmonter le problème des conditions de course entre le navigateur et votre script WebDriver, la plupart des clients Selenium sont livrés avec un package wait. Lorsque vous utilisez une attente, vous utilisez ce qui est communément appelé en tant que explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit Wait sont disponibles pour les clients Selenium pour les langages procéduraux impératifs. Ils permettent à votre code d\u0026rsquo;arrêter l\u0026rsquo;exécution du programme, ou geler le fil, jusqu'à ce que le condition que vous passez, il résout. La condition est appelée avec une certaine fréquence jusqu'à ce que le délai d\u0026rsquo;attente soit écoulé. Cela signifie que tant que la condition renvoie une valeur fausse, il continuera d\u0026rsquo;essayer et d\u0026rsquo;attendre.\nÉtant donné que les attentes explicites vous permettent d\u0026rsquo;attendre qu\u0026rsquo;une condition se produise, ils font un bon ajustement pour synchroniser l'état entre le navigateur et son DOM, et votre script WebDriver.\nPour remédier à notre jeu d\u0026rsquo;instructions de buggy antérieur, nous pourrions utiliser une attente pour avoir l\u0026rsquo;appel findElement attendre que l'élément ajouté dynamiquement du script a été ajouté au DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     On passe la condition comme référence de fonction que le wait s\u0026rsquo;exécutera à plusieurs reprises jusqu'à ce que sa valeur de retour soit véridique. Une valeur de retour \u0026ldquo;véridique\u0026rdquo; est tout ce qui est évalué comme booléen true dans la langue utilisée, comme une chaîne, un nombre, un booléen, un objet (dont un WebElement), ou une séquence ou une liste remplie (non vide). Cela signifie qu\u0026rsquo;une liste vide est évaluée comme fausse. Lorsque la condition est vraie et que l\u0026rsquo;attente de blocage est abandonnée, la valeur de retour de la condition devient la valeur de retour de l\u0026rsquo;attente.\nAvec cette connaissance, et parce que l\u0026rsquo;utilitaire d\u0026rsquo;attente n\u0026rsquo;ignore pas une telle erreur d'élément par défaut, nous pouvons refactoriser nos instructions pour être plus concis:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Dans cet exemple, nous passons une fonction anonyme (mais nous pourrions également le définir explicitement comme nous l\u0026rsquo;avons fait précédemment afin qu\u0026rsquo;il puisse être réutilisé). Le premier et le seul argument qui est passé à notre condition est toujours une référence à notre objet pilote, WebDriver. Dans un environnement multi-thread, vous devez être prudent pour opérer sur la référence du conducteur transmise à la condition plutôt que la référence au pilote dans la portée externe.\nParce que l\u0026rsquo;attente n\u0026rsquo;avalera pas de telles erreurs d'élément qui sont levées lorsque l'élément n\u0026rsquo;est pas trouvé, la condition réessayera jusqu'à ce que l'élément soit trouvé. Ensuite, il prendra la valeur de retour, en tant qu'élément Web, et le transmettre à notre script.\nSi la condition échoue, par exemple. une valeur de retour véridique de la condition n\u0026rsquo;est jamais atteinte, l\u0026rsquo;attente générera / déclenchera une erreur / exception appelée erreur de temporisation.\nOptions La condition d\u0026rsquo;attente peut être personnalisée pour répondre à vos besoins. Parfois, il n\u0026rsquo;est pas nécessaire d\u0026rsquo;attendre toute l'étendue du délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut, car la pénalité pour ne pas avoir réussi peut être chère.\nL\u0026rsquo;attente vous permet de passer un argument pour remplacer le délai:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Parce que c\u0026rsquo;est assez courant d\u0026rsquo;avoir à synchroniser le DOM et vos instructions, la plupart des clients sont également livrés avec un ensemble de expected conditions prédéfinies. Comme son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, ce sont des conditions prédéfinies pour les opérations d\u0026rsquo;attente fréquentes.\nLes conditions disponibles dans les différentes liaisons linguistiques varient, mais ceci est une liste non exhaustive de quelques-uns:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  Vous pouvez vous référer à la documentation de l\u0026rsquo;API pour chaque liaison client pour trouver une liste exhaustive des conditions attendues:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait Il existe un deuxième type d\u0026rsquo;attente distinct de attente explicite appelée implicit wait. En attendant implicitement, WebDriver interroge le DOM pendant une certaine durée lors de la recherche de l'élément any. Cela peut être utile lorsque certains éléments de la page Web ne sont pas disponibles immédiatement et nécessitent un certain temps de chargement.\nAttendre implicitement que les éléments apparaissent est désactivé par défaut et devra être activé manuellement sur une base par session. Mélange attentes explicites et attentes implicites entraînera des conséquences inattendues, à savoir les attentes de sommeil pour le maximum même si l'élément est disponible ou si la condition est vraie.\navertissement: Ne mélangez pas les attentes implicites et explicites. Cela peut entraîner des temps d\u0026rsquo;attente imprévisibles. Par exemple, définir une attente implicite de 10 secondes et une attente explicite de 15 secondes pourrait entraîner un délai d\u0026rsquo;attente après 20 secondes.\nUne attente implicite consiste à dire à WebDriver d\u0026rsquo;interroger le DOM pendant un certain temps lorsque vous essayez de trouver un élément ou des éléments s\u0026rsquo;ils ne sont pas immédiatement disponibles. Le paramètre par défaut est 0, ce qui signifie désactivé. Une fois définie, l\u0026rsquo;attente implicite est définie pour la durée de vie de la session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait L\u0026rsquo;instance FluentWait définit la durée maximale d\u0026rsquo;attente d\u0026rsquo;une condition, ainsi que la fréquence à laquelle vérifier l'état.\nLes utilisateurs peuvent configurer l\u0026rsquo;attente pour ignorer des types spécifiques d\u0026rsquo;exceptions en attendant, comme NoSuchElementException lors de la recherche d\u0026rsquo;un élément sur la page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Classes de support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Les classes de support WebDriver sont fournies pour simplifier la maintenance de votre code.Elles fournissent une belle abstraction pour faciliter la modélisation des éléments HTML en tant qu\u0026rsquo;objets de domaine, ainsi que des méthodes d\u0026rsquo;aide pour rendre l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ces objets facile à raisonner.\n Stratégies de localisation Événements LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Commençons:\nThreadGuard  Cette classe est uniquement disponible dans la liaison Java\n ThreadGuard vérifie qu\u0026rsquo;un pilote est appelé uniquement à partir du même thread qui l\u0026rsquo;a créé. Les problèmes de thread, en particulier lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests en parallèle, peuvent être mystérieux et difficile à diagnostiquer les erreurs. L\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ce wrapper empêche cette catégorie d\u0026rsquo;erreurs et lèvera une exception lorsque cela se produira.\nL\u0026rsquo;exemple suivant simule un choc de threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } Le résultat ci-dessous:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Comme le montre l\u0026rsquo;exemple:\n protectedDriver sera créé dans le thread principal Nous utilisons Java Runnable pour lancer un nouveau processus et un nouveau Thread pour exécuter le processus Les deux Thread s\u0026rsquo;affrontent car le Thread principal n\u0026rsquo;a pas protectedDriver dans sa mémoire. ThreadGuard.protect lèvera une exception.  Remarque: Cela ne remplace pas la nécessité d\u0026rsquo;utiliser ThreadLocal pour gérer les pilotes lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution en parallèle.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dépendance des tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Une courante et fausse idée à propos des tests automatisés concerne la spécificité de l\u0026rsquo;ordre des tests. Vos tests devraient pouvoir s\u0026rsquo;exécuter dans n\u0026rsquo;importe quel ordre, et ne pas compter sur d\u0026rsquo;autres tests pour réussir.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Le serveur Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le serveur fonctionnera toujours sur la machine avec le navigateur que vous souhaitez tester. Le serveur peut être utilisé à partir de la ligne de commande ou via du code configuration.\nDémarrage du serveur à partir de la ligne de commande Une fois que vous avez téléchargé selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, placez-le sur l\u0026rsquo;ordinateur avec le navigateur que vous souhaitez tester. Ensuite, à partir de le répertoire avec le pot, exécutez ce qui suit:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considérations pour exécuter le serveur L’appelant doit terminer correctement chaque session, appelant soit Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit.\nLe \u0026lsquo;Selenium-Server\u0026rsquo; conserve des journaux en mémoire pour chaque session en cours, qui sont effacés lorsque Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit est appelé. Si vous oubliez de mettre fin à ces sessions, votre serveur peut perdre de la mémoire. Si vous gardez des sessions extrêmement longues, vous devrez probablement arrêtez/quittez de temps en temps (ou augmentez la mémoire avec l\u0026rsquo;option -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (à partir de la version 2.21) Le serveur a deux délais d\u0026rsquo;expiration différents, qui peuvent être définis comme suit:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Contrôle la durée pendant laquelle le navigateur est autorisé à se bloquer (valeur en secondes).   timeout  Contrôle la durée pendant laquelle le client est autorisé à partir avant la récupération de la session (valeur en secondes).    La propriété système selenium.server.session.timeout n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge à partir de la version 2.21.\nVeuillez noter que le browserTimeout est conçu comme un mécanisme de temporisation de sauvegarde lorsque le mécanisme de temporisation ordinaire échoue, qui devrait être utilisé principalement dans des environnements de grille/serveur pour garantir que les processus bloqués/perdus ne restent pas trop longtemps, polluant l\u0026rsquo;environnement d\u0026rsquo;exécution.\nConfiguration du serveur par programmation En théorie, le processus est aussi simple que de mapper le DriverServlet à une URL, mais il est également possible d\u0026rsquo;héberger la page dans un format léger conteneur, tel que Jetty configuré entièrement en code. Étapes à suivre pour ce faire suivre.\n Téléchargez selenium-server.zip et décompressez. Placez les JAR sur le CLASSPATH. Créez une nouvelle classe appelée AppServer. Ici, j\u0026rsquo;utilise Jetty, vous devrez donc télécharger cela aussi:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Points de terminaison de la grille","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Reporting amélioré","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le sélénium n\u0026rsquo;est pas conçu pour rendre compte de l'état des cas de test courir. Profitant des capacités de rapport intégrées de l\u0026rsquo;unité les cadres de test sont un bon début. La plupart des cadres de tests unitaires ont rapports pouvant générer des rapports au format xUnit ou HTML. xUnit les rapports sont populaires pour importer des résultats dans une intégration continue (CI) comme Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Voici quelques liens pour plus d\u0026rsquo;informations sur les sorties de rapports pour plusieurs langues.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver pilote un navigateur nativement, comme le ferait un utilisateur, soit localement ou sur une machine distante utilisant le serveur Selenium, marque un bond en avant en termes d\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur.\nSelenium WebDriver fait référence aux deux liaisons de langue et les implémentations du code de contrôle de navigateur individuel. Ceci est communément appelé simplement WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver est une recommandation du W3C\n  WebDriver est conçu comme un simple et une interface de programmation plus concise.\n  WebDriver est une API orientée objet compacte.\n  Il pilote efficacement le navigateur.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver fournit une API pour travailler avec les trois types de messages contextuels natifs proposés par JavaScript. Ces popups sont stylisés par le navigateur et offrent une personnalisation limitée.\nAlerts Le plus simple d\u0026rsquo;entre eux est appelé une alerte, qui montre une message personnalisé, et un seul bouton qui rejette l\u0026rsquo;alerte, étiqueté dans la plupart des navigateurs comme OK. Il peut également être ignoré dans la plupart des navigateurs par en appuyant sur le bouton de fermeture, mais cela fera toujours la même chose que le bouton OK. Voir un exemple d\u0026rsquo;alerte.\nWebDriver peut obtenir le texte de la fenêtre contextuelle et les accepter ou les rejeter alertes.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm Une boîte de confirmation est similaire à une alerte, sauf que l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur peut également choisir pour annuler le message. Voir un échantillon confirme .\nCet exemple montre également une approche différente du stockage d\u0026rsquo;une alerte:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Les invites sont similaires aux cases de confirmation, sauf qu\u0026rsquo;elles incluent également un texte contribution. Comme pour travailler avec des éléments de formulaire, vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver envoyer des clés pour remplir une réponse. Cela remplacera complètement l\u0026rsquo;espace réservé texte. En appuyant sur le bouton Annuler, aucun texte ne sera envoyé. Voir un exemple d\u0026rsquo;invite .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Eviter de partager l&#39;état","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Bien que mentionné à plusieurs endroits, il convient de le mentionner à nouveau. Assurer les tests sont isolés les uns des autres.\n  Ne partagez pas les données de test. Imaginez plusieurs tests qui interrogent chacun la base de données pour les commandes valides avant d\u0026rsquo;en choisir une pour effectuer une action. Devrait deux tests prenez la même commande que vous risquez d\u0026rsquo;obtenir un comportement inattendu.\n  Nettoyez les données périmées dans l\u0026rsquo;application qui pourraient être récupérées par un autre test par ex. enregistrements de commande invalides.\n  Créez une nouvelle instance WebDriver par test. Cela permet d\u0026rsquo;assurer l\u0026rsquo;isolement des tests et rend la parallélisation plus simple.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver Vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver à distance de la même manière que vous l\u0026rsquo;utiliseriez localement. La principale différence est qu’un WebDriver distant doit être configuré pour qu\u0026rsquo;il puisse exécuter vos tests sur une machine distincte.\nUn WebDriver distant est composé de deux éléments: un client et un serveur. Le client est votre test WebDriver et le serveur est simplement un Servlet Java, qui peut être hébergé sur n\u0026rsquo;importe quel serveur d\u0026rsquo;application JEE moderne.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Test de performance","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Test de performances avec Selenium et WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est généralement pas conseillé. Pas parce qu\u0026rsquo;il est incapable mais parce qu\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;est pas optimisé pour le travail et il est peu probable que vous obteniez de bons résultats.\nCela peut sembler idéal pour tester les performances dans le contexte de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur mais une suite de tests WebDriver sont soumis à de nombreux points de fragilité externe et interne qui échappent à votre contrôle; par exemple la vitesse de démarrage du navigateur, vitesse des serveurs HTTP, réponse des serveurs tiers qui hébergent JavaScript ou CSS, et la pénalité d\u0026rsquo;instrumentation de l\u0026rsquo;implémentation WebDriver elle-même. Une variation à ces points entraînera une variation de vos résultats. Il est difficile de séparer la différence entre les performances de votre site web et la performance des ressources externes, et il est également difficile de dire quelle est la pénalité de performance pour utiliser WebDriver dans le navigateur, surtout si vous injectez des scripts.\nL\u0026rsquo;autre attraction potentielle est \u0026ldquo;gagner du temps\u0026rdquo; - effectuer des tests fonctionnels et de performance en même temps. Cependant, les tests fonctionnels et de performance ont des objectifs opposés. Pour tester la fonctionnalité, un testeur peut devoir être patient et attendre le chargement, mais cela obscurcira les résultats des tests de performances et vice versa.\nPour améliorer les performances de votre site Web, vous devrez être en mesure d\u0026rsquo;analyser les performances globales indépendamment des différences d\u0026rsquo;environnement, identifier les mauvaises pratiques de code, ventilation des performances des ressources individuelles (i.e. CSS ou JavaScript) afin de savoir quoi améliorer. Il existe des outils de test de performance disponibles qui peut déjà faire ce travail, et qui fournissent des rapports et des analyses qui peut même faire des suggestions d\u0026rsquo;amélioration.\nExemples de packages (open source) à utiliser: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Travailler avec des cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un cookie est un petit morceau de données qui est envoyé à partir d\u0026rsquo;un site Web et stocké dans votre ordinateur. Les cookies sont principalement utilisés pour reconnaître l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur et charger les informations stockées.\nL\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver fournit un moyen d\u0026rsquo;interagir avec les cookies avec des méthodes intégrées:\nAdd Cookie Il est utilisé pour ajouter un cookie au contexte de navigation actuel. Ajouter un cookie accepte uniquement un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;objets JSON sérialisables définis. Ici  est le lien vers la liste des valeurs de clé JSON acceptées\nTout d\u0026rsquo;abord, vous devez être sur le domaine où le cookie sera valable. Si vous essayez de prédéfinir des cookies avant vous commencez à interagir avec un site et votre page d\u0026rsquo;accueil est grande / prend un certain temps à charger une alternative consiste à trouver une page plus petite sur le site (généralement la page 404 est petite, par exemple. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie Il renvoie les données de cookie sérialisées correspondant au nom du cookie parmi tous les cookies associés.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies Il renvoie des \u0026lsquo;données de cookie sérialisées réussies\u0026rsquo; pour le contexte de navigation actuel. Si le navigateur n\u0026rsquo;est plus disponible, il renvoie une erreur.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie Il supprime les données de cookie correspondant au nom de cookie fourni.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies Il supprime tous les cookies du contexte de navigation actuel.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute Il permet à un utilisateur de demander aux navigateurs de contrôler si les cookies sont envoyés avec la demande initiée par des sites tiers. Il est introduit pour empêcher les attaques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).\nL\u0026rsquo;attribut de cookie du même site accepte deux paramètres comme instructions\nStrict: Lorsque l\u0026rsquo;attribut sameSite est défini sur Strict, le cookie ne sera pas envoyé avec demandes initiées par des sites Web tiers.\nLax: Lorsque vous définissez un attribut sameSite de cookie sur Lax, le cookie sera envoyé avec le GET demande initiée par un site Web tiers.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Indépendence des tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Écrivez chaque test comme sa propre unité. Écrivez les tests d\u0026rsquo;une manière qui ne sera pas dépendant d\u0026rsquo;autres tests pour effectuer:\nDisons qu\u0026rsquo;il existe un système de gestion de contenu avec lequel vous pouvez créer du contenu personnalisé qui apparaît ensuite sur votre site Web sous forme de module après la publication et la synchronisation entre le CMS et le serveur peut prendre un certain temps. application.\nUne mauvaise façon de tester votre module est que le contenu est créé et publié dans un test, puis vérifier le module dans un autre test. Cette n\u0026rsquo;est pas réalisable car le contenu peut ne pas être disponible immédiatement pour le autre test après publication.\nAu lieu de cela, vous pouvez créer un contenu de stub qui peut être activé et désactivé dans le test affecté, et utilisez-le pour valider le module. cependant, pour la création de contenu, vous pouvez toujours avoir un test séparé.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Lignes directrices et recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Lignes directrices et recommandations Une note sur les \u0026ldquo;meilleures pratiques\u0026rdquo;: nous avons intentionnellement évité l\u0026rsquo;expression \u0026ldquo;meilleures Pratiques \u0026ldquo;dans cette documentation. Aucune approche ne fonctionne pour toutes les situations. Nous préférons l\u0026rsquo;idée de \u0026ldquo;Lignes directrices et recommandations\u0026rdquo;. Nous encourageons vous devez les lire et décider de manière réfléchie quelles approches travaillera pour vous dans votre environnement particulier.\nLes tests fonctionnels sont difficiles à obtenir correctement pour de nombreuses raisons. Comme si l'état, la complexité et les dépendances des applications ne rendent pas les tests assez difficiles, gérer les navigateurs (en particulier les incompatibilités entre navigateurs) fait de la rédaction de bons tests un défi.\nSelenium fournit des outils pour faciliter l\u0026rsquo;interaction fonctionnelle des utilisateurs, mais ne vous aide pas à écrire des suites de tests bien conçues. Dans ce chapitre, nous proposons des conseils, des directives et des recommandations sur la façon d\u0026rsquo;aborder l\u0026rsquo;automatisation fonctionnelle des pages Web.\nCe chapitre enregistre les modèles de conception de logiciels populaires parmi de nombreux utilisateurs de sélénium qui ont fait leurs preuves au fil des ans.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxys HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un serveur proxy sert d\u0026rsquo;intermédiaire pour les demandes entre un client et un serveur. En toute simplicité, le trafic circule via le serveur proxy en route vers l\u0026rsquo;adresse vous avez demandé et retour.\nUn serveur proxy pour les scripts d\u0026rsquo;automatisation avec Le Selenium pourrait être utile pour:\n Capturez le trafic réseau Mock backend calls made by the website Accéder au site Web demandé sous un réseau complexe topologies ou restrictions / politiques d\u0026rsquo;entreprise strictes.  Si vous êtes dans un environnement d\u0026rsquo;entreprise et le navigateur ne parvient pas à se connecter à une URL, c\u0026rsquo;est très probablement parce que l\u0026rsquo;environnement a besoin d\u0026rsquo;un proxy à accéder.\nSelenium WebDriver permet d\u0026rsquo;accéder aux paramètres du proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Recherche de liens","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver pour parcourir des liens n\u0026rsquo;est pas une pratique recommandée ; non pas parce que cela ne peut pas être fait, mais parce que ce n\u0026rsquo;est certainement pas l\u0026rsquo;outil le plus idéal. WebDriver a besoin de temps pour démarrer, et peut prendre plusieurs secondes jusqu'à une minute en fonction de la façon dont votre test est écrit, juste pour accéder à la page et parcourir le DOM.\nAu lieu d\u0026rsquo;utiliser WebDriver pour cela, vous pourriez économiser un temps considérable en exécutant une commande curl, ou en utilisant une bibliothèque telle que BeautifulSoup, puisque ces méthodes ne reposent pas sur la création d\u0026rsquo;un navigateur et la navigation vers une page. Ainsi, vous gagnez un temps considérable en n\u0026rsquo;utilisant pas WebDriver pour cette tâche.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considerer l&#39;utilisation d&#39;une API fluent","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler a inventé le terme [\u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;](// www.martinfowler.com/bliki/FluentInterface.html). Sélénium déjà implémente quelque chose comme ça dans leur classe FluentWait, qui est conçu comme une alternative à la classe standard Wait. Vous pouvez activer le modèle de conception de l\u0026rsquo;API Fluent dans votre objet de page puis interrogez la page de recherche Google avec un extrait de code comme celui-ci:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); La classe d\u0026rsquo;objets de page Google avec ce comportement fluide pourrait ressembler à ceci:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/","title":"Mauvaises pratiques","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Stratégie de chargement de la page","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Définit la stratégie de chargement des pages de la session en cours. Par défaut, lorsque Selenium WebDriver charge une page, il suit le normal pageLoadStrategy. Il est toujours recommandé d\u0026rsquo;arrêter le téléchargement de ressources (comme les images, css, js) lorsque le chargement de la page prend beaucoup de temps.\nLa propriété document.readyState d\u0026rsquo;un document décrit l'état de chargement du document actuel. Par défaut, WebDriver ne répondra pas à un driver.get() (ou) driver.navigate().to() appeler jusqu'à ce que l'état prêt du document soit complete\nDans les applications SPA (comme Angular, React, Ember) une fois le contenu dynamique est déjà chargé (c\u0026rsquo;est-à-dire une fois que le statut de pageLoadStrategy est COMPLETE), cliquer sur un lien ou effectuer une action dans la page ne fera pas de nouvelle demande sur le serveur car le contenu est chargé dynamiquement côté client sans actualisation de la page d\u0026rsquo;extraction.\nLes applications SPA peuvent charger de nombreuses vues dynamiquement sans aucune demande de serveur, donc pageLoadStrategy affichera toujours l'état COMPLETE jusqu'à nous faisons un nouveau driver.get() et driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy prend en charge les valeurs suivantes:\nnormal Cela obligera Selenium WebDriver à attendre que la page entière soit chargée. Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est réglé sur normal, Selenium WebDriver attend que le load le feu d'événement est renvoyé.\nPar défaut, normal est défini sur le navigateur si aucun n\u0026rsquo;est fourni.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Cela fera attendre Selenium WebDriver jusqu'à ce que le document HTML initial a été complètement chargé et analysé, et supprime le chargement des feuilles de style, des images et des sous-trames.\nLorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est réglé sur eager, Selenium WebDriver attend jusqu'à Le feu d'événement DOMContentLoaded est renvoyé.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est défini sur none Selenium WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;attend que le téléchargement de la page initiale.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid permet l\u0026rsquo;exécution de scripts WebDriver sur des machines distantes (ou réel) en acheminant les commandes envoyées par le client vers des instances de navigateur distantes. Il vise à fournir un moyen simple d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines.\nSelenium Grid nous permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines, et de gérer les différentes versions et configurations de navigateurs de manière centralisée (au lieu de dans chaque test individuel).\nSelenium Grid n\u0026rsquo;est pas une solution miracle. Il résout un sous-ensemble de problèmes courants de délégation et de distribution, mais ne gérera par exemple pas votre infrastructure, et peut ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.\nVeuillez noter que Grid 3 n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge et le projet Selenium recommande d\u0026rsquo;utiliser Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Nouveau navigateur par test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Commencez chaque test à partir d\u0026rsquo;un état connu propre. Idéalement, faites tourner une nouvelle machine virtuelle pour chaque test. Si la rotation d\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle machine virtuelle n\u0026rsquo;est pas pratique, démarrez au moins un nouveau WebDriver pour chaque test. Pour Firefox, démarrez un WebDriver avec votre profil connu.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement représente un élément DOM. Les WebElements peuvent être trouvés en recherchant racine du document à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;une instance WebDriver ou en recherchant sous une autre WebElement\nL\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver fournit des méthodes intégrées pour trouver les WebElements qui sont basé sur différentes propriétés comme ID, nom, classe, XPath, sélecteurs CSS, texte de lien, etc.\nFind Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher un élément et renvoie une première référence WebElement unique correspondante, qui peut être utilisé pour de futures actions d'élément\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similaire à \u0026ldquo;Rechercher un élément\u0026rdquo;, mais renvoie une liste de WebElements correspondants. Pour utiliser un WebElement particulier de la liste, vous devez parcourir la liste des éléments pour effectuer une action sur l'élément sélectionné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher un élément enfant dans le contexte de l'élément parent. Pour ce faire, le WebElement parent est chaîné avec \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; pour accéder aux éléments enfants\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher la liste des WebElements enfants correspondants dans le contexte de l'élément parent. Pour ce faire, le WebElement parent est chaîné avec \u0026ldquo;findElements\u0026rdquo; pour accéder aux éléments enfants\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element Il est utilisé pour suivre (ou) trouver l'élément DOM qui a le focus dans le contexte de navigation actuel.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Clavier","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le clavier représente un événement KeyBoard. Les actions du clavier sont effectuées à l\u0026rsquo;aide de bas niveau interface qui nous permet de fournir une entrée d\u0026rsquo;appareil virtualisé au navigateur Web.\nsendKeys SendKeys tape une séquence de touches dans l'élément DOM même si une séquence de touches de modification est rencontrée. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown Le keyDown est utilisé pour simuler l\u0026rsquo;action d\u0026rsquo;appuyer sur une touche de modification (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp Le keyUp est utilisé pour simuler l\u0026rsquo;action de relâchement (ou) de relâchement de touche d\u0026rsquo;une touche de modification (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Efface le contenu d\u0026rsquo;un élément modifiable. Ceci n\u0026rsquo;est appliqué qu\u0026rsquo;aux éléments modifiables et interactifs, sinon le sélénium renvoie l\u0026rsquo;erreur (état d'élément invalide (ou) élément non interactif)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Singularités du Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Singularités du Driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/","title":"Packages de support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Packages de support "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy Sous cette section, vous trouverez toute la documentation relative aux composants hérités de Selenium. Ceci est destiné à être conservé uniquement pour des raisons historiques et non comme une incitation à utiliser Composants.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium est un gros projet logiciel, son site et sa documentation sont essentiels comprendre comment les choses fonctionnent et apprendre des moyens efficaces d\u0026rsquo;exploiter son potentiel.\nCe projet contient à la fois le site et la documentation de Selenium. C\u0026rsquo;est un effort continu (qui ne vise aucune version spécifique) pour fournir des informations mises à jour sur la façon d\u0026rsquo;utiliser efficacement le sélénium, impliqués et comment contribuer au sélénium.\nLes contributions vers le site et les documents suivent le processus décrit dans la section ci-dessous sur les contributions. Tu devrais passer du temps vous familiariser avec la documentation en lisant en savoir plus.\nLe projet Selenium accueille les contributions de tous. Il y a un plusieurs façons d\u0026rsquo;aider:\nSignaler un problème Lorsque vous signalez un nouveau problème ou commentez un problème existant, veuillez assurez-vous que les discussions sont liées à des problèmes techniques concrets avec le Logiciel Selenium, son site et / ou sa documentation.\nTous les composants Selenium changent assez rapidement au fil du temps, donc cela peut rendre la documentation obsolète. Si vous trouvez cela être le cas, comme mentionné, ne doutez pas de créer un problème pour cela. Il est également possible que vous sachiez comment mettre à jour documentation, merci de nous envoyer une pull request avec les informations changements.\nSi vous n'êtes pas sûr que ce que vous avez trouvé soit un problème ou non, Si vous n'êtes pas sûr que ce que vous avez trouvé soit un problème ou non, veuillez demander par les canaux de communication décrits à https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions Le projet Selenium accueille de nouveaux contributeurs. Les individus qui font des contributions importantes et précieuses au fil du temps sont faites Committers et donné un accès de validation au projet.\nCe guide vous guidera tout au long du processus de contribution.\nStep 1: Fork Fork le projet sur Github et vérifiez votre copie localement.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dépendances: Hugo Nous utilisons Hugo pour construire et rendre le site et les documents. Pour tout vérifier localement avant même de commettre des modifications, veuillez installez Hugo, familiarisez-vous avec elle et exécutez le serveur local pour rendre le site localement (des instructions détaillées peuvent être trouvées dans le prochaines étapes).\nStep 2: Branch Créez une branche de fonctionnalité et lancez le piratage:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch Nous pratiquons le développement basé sur HEAD, ce qui signifie que tous les changements sont appliqués directement sur le dessus du maître.\nStep 3: Faire des changements Le référentiel contient le site et les documents, qui sont deux Hugo séparés projets. Si vous souhaitez apporter des modifications au site, travaillez sur le répertoire site_source_files. Pour voir un aperçu en direct de vos modifications, exécutez hugo server sur le répertoire racine du site.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server Pour apporter des modifications aux documents, basculez vers le répertoire docs_source_files.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server Les documents sont traduits en plusieurs langues et les traductions sont basées sur le contenu anglais. Lorsque vous modifiez un fichier, assurez-vous de changements dans tous les autres fichiers traduits également. Cela peut différer selon sur le changement, par exemple:\n Si vous ajoutez un exemple de code au fichier browser_manipulation.en.md, ajoutez-le également à browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, et tous les autres fichiers traduits. Si vous trouvez une traduction qui peut être améliorée, ne modifiez que la traduction fichier. Si vous ajoutez une nouvelle traduction linguistique, ajoutez les nouveaux fichiers avec le suffixe approprié. Il n\u0026rsquo;est pas nécessaire de tout traduire pour soumettre un PR, cela peut être fait de manière itérative. N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas de vérifier certaines configurations nécessaires dans le fichier config.toml. Si vous apportez des modifications au texte dans la version anglaise, remplacez la même section dans les fichiers traduits avec votre modification (oui, en anglais), et ajoutez ce qui suit remarquez en haut du fichier.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit Assurez-vous d\u0026rsquo;abord que git connaît votre nom et votre adresse e-mail:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Il est important d'écrire de bons messages de validation. Un message de validation devrait décrire ce qui a changé, pourquoi et les problèmes de référence résolus (si tout). Suivez ces directives lorsque vous en rédigez une:\n La première ligne doit contenir environ 50 caractères ou moins et contenir un brève description du changement. Laissez la deuxième ligne vierge. Enveloppez toutes les autres lignes sur 72 colonnes. Incluez Fixes #N, où N est le numéro de problème du commit corrections, le cas échéant.  Un bon message de validation peut ressembler à ceci:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 La première ligne doit être significative car c\u0026rsquo;est ce que les gens voient lorsqu\u0026rsquo;ils exécutez git shortlog ou git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Utilisez git rebase (et non git merge) pour synchroniser votre travail de temps en temps.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas de exécuter le serveur local, avec cela, vous pouvez être sûr que vos modifications n\u0026rsquo;ont rien cassé.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Accédez à _https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git_ et appuyez sur la Pull Request et remplissez le formulaire. Indiquez s\u0026rsquo;il vous plait que vous avez signé le CLA (voir l'étape 7).\nLes demandes d\u0026rsquo;extraction sont généralement examinées en quelques jours. S\u0026rsquo;il y a commentaires à adresser, appliquez vos modifications dans les nouveaux commits (de préférence fixups) et pousser à la même chose branche.\nStep 8: Integration Lorsque la révision du code est terminée, un committer prendra votre PR et l\u0026rsquo;intégrer dans la branche principale du référentiel. Parce que nous aimons garder un histoire linéaire sur la branche principale, nous allons normalement écraser et rebaser l\u0026rsquo;historique de votre succursale.\nCommunication Tous les détails sur la façon de communiquer avec les contributeurs du projet et la communauté dans son ensemble se trouve sur https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/","title":"Le Projet d&#39;Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le Projet d\u0026rsquo;Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium Selenium est projet englobant un éventail d\u0026rsquo;outils et de librairies permettant l\u0026rsquo;automtisation des navigateurs internet.\nIl fournit des extensions afin d'émuler des interactions utilisateur avec les navigateurs, un serveur de distribution permettant la mise à l'échelle de l\u0026rsquo;allocation de navigateur ainsi que l\u0026rsquo;infrastructure pour l\u0026rsquo;implémentation de la spécification W3C WebDriver permettant l'écriture de code interchangeable pour tous les principaux navigateurs.\nCe projet est rendu possible grâce au contributeurs volontaires ayant investi des milliers d\u0026rsquo;heures de leur temps et rendu le code source disponible librement à quiconque souhaitant l\u0026rsquo;utiliser et l\u0026rsquo;améliorer ou simplement s\u0026rsquo;amuser.\nSelenium rassemble distributeurs de navigateur, ingénieurs et entousiastes pour favoriser une discussion ouverte autour de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de la platerforme web. Le projet organise une conférence annuelle afin d\u0026rsquo;entretenir cette communauté.\nAu coeur de Selenium se trouve WebDriver, une interface permettant d'écrire des instructions pouvant être exécutées indifférement par de nombreux navigateurs. Voici par exemple une des plus simples instructions disponibles:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Suivez le Quick Tour pour une explication complète de ce qu\u0026rsquo;il se passe derrière ces exemples de code. Il est conseillé de poursuivre cette documentation narrative afin de voir comment installer et utiliser Selenium en tant qu\u0026rsquo;outil d\u0026rsquo;automatisation de test, ainsi que pour mettre à l\u0026rsquo;echelle l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tels tests sur de larges environnements distribués, avec de multiples navigateurs et des systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation différents.\nGetting started Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous, nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.\n Tour rapide  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
\ No newline at end of file
+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Aide à la configuration","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Authentication à double facteur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;authentification à double facteur (A2F) est un mécanisme d\u0026rsquo;autorisation dans lequel un mot de passe unique, basé sur le temps (One Time Password - OTP), est généré par un programme externe accessible (souvent mobile) comme \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, etc. ; ou par la réception d\u0026rsquo;un SMS ou courriel pour permettre l\u0026rsquo;authentification.\nAutomatiser ce mécanisme harmonieusement et de manière fluide relève du défi avec Selenium. Il existe quelques moyens pour automatiser ce processus, mais cela impliquerait d\u0026rsquo;ajouter une couche supplémentaire aux tests Selenium et ce ne serait pas sécurisé. Il vaut mieux donc éviter l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de l\u0026rsquo;authentification à double facteur.\nVoici quelques solutions pour contouner la vérification A2F :\n Désactiver la A2F pour certains utilisateurs, dans l\u0026rsquo;environnement de test, afin de pouvoir utiliser leurs identifiants dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation. Désactiver la A2F dans l\u0026rsquo;environnement de test. Désactiver la A2F si la connexion s\u0026rsquo;effectue depuis certaines adresses IP. De cette manière, en renseignant Selenium avec ces adresses IP, il pourra exclure la A2F.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Capabilities partagées","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Afin de créer une nouvelle session par Selenium WebDriver, l\u0026rsquo;extrémité locale doit fournir les capacités de base à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. L\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante utilise le même ensemble de capacités pour créer une session et décrit les fonctionnalités de la session actuelle.\nWebDriver offre des capacités que chaque télécommande fin soutiendra/devrait soutenir la mise en œuvre. Voici les fonctionnalités prises en charge par WebDriver:\nbrowserName: Cette capacité est utilisée pour définir le browserName pour une session donnée. Si le navigateur spécifié n\u0026rsquo;est pas installé sur le extrémité distante, la création de la session échouera\nbrowserVersion: Cette capacité est facultative, elle est utilisée pour définissez la version de navigateur disponible à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. Par exemple, si vous demandez Chrome version 75 sur un système qui n\u0026rsquo;a que 80 installés, la création de session échouera.\npageLoadStrategy: Lors de la navigation vers une nouvelle page via URL, par défaut, Selenium attendra jusqu'à ce que la page soit entièrement chargée avant de répondre. Cela fonctionne bien pour débutants, mais peut entraîner de longs temps d\u0026rsquo;attente sur les pages qui chargent une grande nombre de ressources tierces. L’utilisation d’une stratégie autre que celle par défaut peut tester l\u0026rsquo;exécution plus rapidement dans des cas comme celui-ci, mais peut également introduire une fragilité où les éléments de la page changent de position lorsque les éléments se chargent et changent Taille.\nLa stratégie de chargement de page interroge le document.readyState comme décrit dans le tableau ci-dessous:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Utilisé par défaut, attend le téléchargement de toutes les ressources   eager interactive L\u0026rsquo;accès au DOM est prêt, mais d\u0026rsquo;autres ressources comme les images peuvent encore se charger   none Any Ne bloque pas du tout WebDriver    platformName Cela identifie le système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante, la récupération de platformName renvoie le nom du système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation.\nDans les fournisseurs basés sur le cloud, la définition de platformName définit le système d\u0026rsquo;exploitation à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante.\nacceptInsecureCerts Cette capacité vérifie si un (ou) expiré un certificat TLS non valide est utilisé lors de la navigation pendant une session.\nSi la capacité est définie sur \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;, un erreur de certificat non sécurisé sera retourné car la navigation rencontre n\u0026rsquo;importe quel domaine problèmes de certificat. S\u0026rsquo;il est défini sur true, un certificat non valide sera approuvé par le navigateur.\nTous les certificats auto-signés seront approuvés par cette fonctionnalité par défaut. Une fois définie, la capacité acceptInsecureCerts aura un effet pour toute la session.\nSession timeouts Une session WebDriver est imposée avec un certain délai d'expiration de session intervalle, pendant lequel l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur peut contrôler le comportement d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des scripts ou de récupérer des informations à partir du navigateur.\nChaque délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration de session est configuré avec combinaison de différents timeouts comme décrit ci-dessous:\nScript Timeout: Spécifie quand interrompre un script en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution dans un contexte de navigation actuel. Délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut 30,000 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Spécifie l\u0026rsquo;intervalle de temps dans lequel la page Web doit être chargé dans un contexte de navigation actuel. Le délai d\u0026rsquo;attente par défaut 300,000 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;un une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver. Si les limites de chargement de page un laps de temps donné / par défaut, le script sera arrêté par TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout: Cela spécifie le temps d\u0026rsquo;attente stratégie de localisation implicite des éléments lorsque éléments de localisation. Le délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut 0 est imposé lorsqu\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle session est créée par WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Spécifie l'état du gestionnaire d'invite utilisateur de la session en cours. Par défaut, ignorer et notifier l'état.\nUser Prompt Handler: Cela définit les mesures à prendre lorsqu\u0026rsquo;un rencontres d\u0026rsquo;invite utilisateur à l\u0026rsquo;extrémité distante. Ceci est défini par unhandledPromptBehavior et a les états suivants:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect Cette commande modifie la taille et la position du courant fenêtre contextuelle de navigation. Cette commande agit en tant que setter à la commande getWindowRect qui accepte width, height, x, y comme arguments optional.\nLors de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, le contexte de navigation actuel sera associé avec des états de fenêtre, qui décrivent la visibilité état de la fenêtre du navigateur. Les états des fenêtres sont\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  La définition de Width ou Height ne garantit pas que le résultat la taille de la fenêtre correspondra exactement à celle recherchée. Ceci est dû au fait certains pilotes peuvent ne pas être en mesure de redimensionner par incréments d\u0026rsquo;un pixel. Pour cette raison, la récupération de l'état/des détails de la fenêtre par getWindowRect peut ne pas correspondre également aux valeurs définies pour le navigateur.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, abréviation de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, est explicitement conçu pour empêcher l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, alors n\u0026rsquo;essayez pas! Il existe deux stratégies principales pour contourner les vérifications CAPTCHA:\n Désactivez CAPTCHA dans votre environnement de test Ajoutez un \u0026ldquo;hook\u0026rdquo; pour permettre aux tests de contourner le CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Composant","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermédiaire et gestionnaire Accepte les demandes d\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests Prend les instructions du client et les exécute à distance sur les nœuds Gère les threads  Un Hub est un point central où tous vos tests sont envoyés. Chaque grille de sélénium se compose exactement d\u0026rsquo;un concentrateur. Le hub doit être accessible des clients respectifs (c.-à-d. serveur CI, machine développeur, etc.) Le concentrateur connectera un ou plusieurs nœuds auquel les tests seront délégués.\nNodes  Où vivent les navigateurs S\u0026rsquo;enregistre auprès du hub et communique ses capacités Reçoit les demandes du hub et les exécute  Nodes sont différentes instances de Selenium qui exécutera des tests sur des systèmes informatiques individuels. Il peut y avoir plusieurs nœuds dans une grille. Les machines qui sont des nœuds n\u0026rsquo;ont pas besoin d'être la même plate-forme ou avoir la même sélection de navigateur que celle du concentrateur ou des autres nœuds. Un nœud sous Windows peut avoir la capacité de offrant Internet Explorer comme option de navigateur, alors que cela ne serait pas possible sur Linux ou Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Composant","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Comprendre les composants","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour créer une suite de tests à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver, vous devrez comprendre et utiliser efficacement un certain nombre de composants différents. logiciel, différentes personnes utilisent des termes différents pour la même idée. une ventilation de la façon dont les termes sont utilisés dans cette description.\nTerminologie  API: Interface de programmation d\u0026rsquo;application. Il s\u0026rsquo;agit de l\u0026rsquo;ensemble des \u0026ldquo;commandes\u0026rdquo; vous utilisez pour manipuler WebDriver. Bibliothèque: Un module de code qui contient les API et le code nécessaires Les bibliothèques sont spécifiques à chaque liaison de langue, par exemple .jar fichiers pour Java, fichiers .dll pour .NET, etc. Pilote: Responsable du contrôle du navigateur actuel. sont créés par les fournisseurs de navigateurs eux-mêmes. modules exécutables qui s\u0026rsquo;exécutent sur le système avec le navigateur lui-même, pas sur le système exécutant la suite de tests (bien que ceux-ci puissent être même système.) NOTE: Certaines personnes se réfèrent aux pilotes en tant que proxies. Framework: Une bibliothèque supplémentaire utilisée comme support pour WebDriver Ces cadres peuvent être des cadres de test tels que JUnit ou NUnit. Il peut également s\u0026rsquo;agir de cadres prenant en charge les fonctionnalités du langage naturel telles que comme Cucumber ou Robotium.Frameworks peut également être écrit et utilisé pour des choses telles que la manipulation ou la configuration du système sous test, les données création, test d\u0026rsquo;oracles, etc.  Les pièces et pièces Au minimum, WebDriver communique avec un navigateur via un pilote. est à double sens: WebDriver passe des commandes au navigateur via le pilote, et reçoit des informations via le même itinéraire.\nLe pilote est spécifique au navigateur, tel que ChromeDriver pour Google Chrome / Chrome, GeckoDriver pour Firefox de Mozilla, etc. Le pilote fonctionne sur le même système que le navigateur. Il peut s\u0026rsquo;agir ou non du même système sur lequel les tests eux-mêmes sont en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution.\nCet exemple simple ci-dessus est la communication directe. le navigateur peut également être une communication à distance via Selenium Server ou RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver fonctionne sur le même système que le pilote et le navigateur.\nLa communication à distance peut également avoir lieu à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Selenium Server ou Selenium Grille, qui à son tour parlent au conducteur sur le système hôte\nOù les cadres s\u0026rsquo;intègrent WebDriver a un seul travail et un seul travail: communiquez avec le navigateur via des méthodes ci-dessus.WebDriver ne sait rien du test: il ne sait pas savoir comparer les choses, affirmer réussir ou échouer, et il ne sait certainement pas une chose à propos de la grammaire Reporting ou Given / When / Then.\nC\u0026rsquo;est là que divers frameworks entrent en jeu. Au minimum, vous aurez besoin d\u0026rsquo;un cadre de test qui correspond aux liaisons de langage, par exemple NUnit pour .NET, JUnit pour Java, RSpec pour Ruby, etc.\nLe framework de test est responsable de l\u0026rsquo;exécution et de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de votre WebDriver et les étapes connexes dans vos tests. En tant que tel, vous pouvez penser qu\u0026rsquo;il ressemble à à l\u0026rsquo;image suivante.\nDes cadres / outils en langage naturel tels que le concombre peuvent exister dans le cadre de cette Test Framework cadre dans la figure ci-dessus, ou ils peuvent envelopper le Test Framework entièrement dans leur propre mise en œuvre.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright et attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installer les librairies Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vous devez d\u0026rsquo;abord installer les fixations Selenium pour votre projet d\u0026rsquo;automatisation. Le processus d\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques dépend de la langue que vous choisissez d\u0026rsquo;utiliser.\nJava L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Java peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Maven. Ajoutez la dépendance selenium-java dans votre projet pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; La dépendance selenium-java prend en charge l\u0026rsquo;exécution de votre automatisation projet avec tous les navigateurs pris en charge par Selenium. Si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests uniquement dans un navigateur spécifique, vous pouvez ajouter la dépendance pour ce navigateur dans votre fichier pom.xml. Par exemple, vous devez ajouter la dépendance suivante dans votre pom.xml fichier pour exécuter vos tests uniquement dans Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De la même manière, si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests uniquement dans Chrome, vous devez ajouter la dépendance suivante:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Python peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de pip:\npip install selenium Vous pouvez également télécharger l\u0026rsquo;archive source PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) et installez-le à l\u0026rsquo;aide de setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour C # peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Ruby peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript L\u0026rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour JavaScript peut être effectuée à l\u0026rsquo;aide de npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Le projet Selenium et les outils","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium contrôle les navigateurs Web Selenium est beaucoup de choses, mais à la base, c\u0026rsquo;est un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur Web qui utilise les meilleures techniques disponibles pour contrôler à distance les instances du navigateur et émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur avec le navigateur.\nIl permet aux utilisateurs de simuler les activités courantes effectuées par les utilisateurs finaux; saisir du texte dans les champs, sélectionner des valeurs déroulantes et cocher des cases, et cliquer sur les liens dans les documents. Il fournit également de nombreux autres contrôles tels que le mouvement de la souris, l\u0026rsquo;exécution arbitraire de JavaScript et bien plus encore.\nBien qu\u0026rsquo;utilisé principalement pour les tests frontaux des sites Web, Selenium est à la base une bibliothèque d\u0026rsquo;agent utilisateur de navigateur. Les interfaces sont omniprésentes à leur application, qui encourage la composition avec d\u0026rsquo;autres bibliothèques en fonction de votre objectif.\nUne interface pour les gouverner tous Un des principes directeurs du projet est de prendre en charge une interface commune pour toutes les (principales) technologies de navigateur. Les navigateurs Web sont des applications incroyablement complexes et hautement conçues, effectuer leurs opérations de manière complètement différente mais qui se ressemblent souvent en le faisant. Même si le texte est rendu dans les mêmes polices, les images sont affichées au même endroit et les liens vous mènent à la même destination. Ce qui se passe en dessous est aussi différent que la nuit et le jour. Le sélénium «résume» ces différences, cacher leurs détails et leurs subtilités à la personne qui écrit le code. Cela vous permet d'écrire plusieurs lignes de code pour effectuer un workflow compliqué, mais ces mêmes lignes s\u0026rsquo;exécuteront sur Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome et tous les autres navigateurs pris en charge.\nOutils et support L\u0026rsquo;approche de conception minimaliste de Selenium lui confère une polyvalence à inclure en tant que composant dans des applications plus importantes. L\u0026rsquo;infrastructure environnante fournie sous l'égide du sélénium vous donne les outils pour assembler votre grille de navigateurs afin que les tests puissent être exécutés sur différents navigateurs et plusieurs systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation sur une gamme de machines.\nImaginez une banque d\u0026rsquo;ordinateurs dans votre salle de serveurs ou votre centre de données allumer tous les navigateurs en même temps frapper les liens, les formulaires de votre site, et tables—tester votre application 24h / 24. Grâce à l\u0026rsquo;interface de programmation simple fournie pour les langues les plus courantes, ces tests se dérouleront sans relâche en parallèle, vous faire rapport en cas d\u0026rsquo;erreur.\nC\u0026rsquo;est un objectif pour aider à en faire une réalité pour vous, en fournissant aux utilisateurs des outils et de la documentation pour non seulement contrôler les navigateurs, mais pour faciliter la mise à l'échelle et le déploiement de telles grilles.\nQui utilise le selenium Beaucoup des entreprises les plus importantes au monde ont adopté Selenium pour leurs tests sur navigateur, remplaçant souvent des efforts de plusieurs années impliquant d\u0026rsquo;autres outils propriétaires. À mesure qu\u0026rsquo;elle gagne en popularité, ses exigences et ses défis se multiplient.\nAlors que le Web devient plus compliqué et de nouvelles technologies sont ajoutées aux sites Web, c\u0026rsquo;est la mission de ce projet de les suivre autant que possible. Être un projet open source, ce soutien est assuré grâce au généreux don de temps de nombreux bénévoles, chacun a un \u0026ldquo;travail de jour\u0026rdquo;.\nUne autre mission du projet est d\u0026rsquo;encourager plus de volontaires pour participer à cet effort, et construire une communauté forte afin que le projet puisse continuer à suivre les technologies émergentes et qui puisse rester une plate-forme dominante pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests fonctionnels.\nHistoire Lorsque Selenium 1 est sorti en 2004, il n'était pas nécessaire de réduire le temps passé vérification manuelle d\u0026rsquo;un comportement cohérent dans le front-end d\u0026rsquo;une application Web. Il a utilisé les outils disponibles à l'époque et s\u0026rsquo;est fortement appuyé sur l\u0026rsquo;injection de JavaScript dans la page Web testée pour émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur.\nBien que JavaScript soit un bon outil pour vous permettre d\u0026rsquo;introspecter les propriétés du DOM et de faire certaines observations côté client que vous ne seriez pas en mesure de faire autrement, il ne répond pas à la capacité de reproduire naturellement les interactions d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur comme si la souris et le clavier étaient utilisés.\nDepuis lors, le selenium a grandi et mûri beaucoup, dans un outil largement utilisé par de nombreux \u0026amp; mdash; sinon la plupart des \u0026amp; mdash; les plus grandes organisations du monde. Selenium est passé d\u0026rsquo;une boîte à outils d\u0026rsquo;automatisation de tests homebrewed développée à Thoughtworks pour un public niché et un cas d\u0026rsquo;utilisation spécifique, à la bibliothèque d\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur de facto du monde.\nTout comme Selenium RC utilisait les outils du commerce disponibles à l'époque, Selenium WebDriver perpétue cette tradition en prenant la partie d\u0026rsquo;interaction du navigateur avec le gazon du vendeur du navigateur et en leur demandant de prendre la responsabilité des implémentations back-end, orientées navigateur. Récemment, ce travail est devenu un processus de normalisation du W3C où l\u0026rsquo;objectif est de transformer le composant WebDriver dans Selenium dans la bibliothèque de contrôle à distance du jeur pour les agents utilisateurs.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navigateurs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navigateurs consommateurs Le framework Selenium supporte officiellement les navigateurs suivants:\n   Navigateur Mainteneur Versions supportées     Chrome Chromium Toutes versions   Firefox Mozilla 54 and plus récentes   Edge Microsoft 84 et plus récentes   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 et plus récentes   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 et plus récentes   Safari Apple 10 et plus récentes    Navigateurs spécialisés Il existe également un ensemble de navigateurs spécialisés, utilisés typiquement dans des environnements de développement.\nIls peuvent également être utilisés à des fins d\u0026rsquo;automatisation, et Selenium fournit un support pour les navigateurs spécialisés suivants:\n   Nom Driver Utilisation Mainteneur     HtmlUnitDriver Emulateur de navigateur headless supproté par Rhino Projet Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objectifs et fonctionnalitées","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Point d\u0026rsquo;entrée central pour tous les tests Gestion et contrôle des nœuds / environnement où s\u0026rsquo;exécutent les navigateurs Mise à l'échelle Exécution de tests en parallèle Test multiplateforme L'équilibrage de charge  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;objet de page est un modèle de conception qui est devenu populaire dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests pour améliorer la maintenance des tests et réduire la duplication de code. Un objet page est un classe orientée objet qui sert d\u0026rsquo;interface à une page de votre AUT. le les tests utilisent ensuite les méthodes de cette classe d\u0026rsquo;objets de page chaque fois qu\u0026rsquo;ils ont besoin de interagir avec l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur de cette page. L\u0026rsquo;avantage est que si l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur change pour la page, les tests eux-mêmes n\u0026rsquo;ont pas besoin de changer, seul le code dans le l\u0026rsquo;objet de page doit changer. Par la suite, tous les changements pour prendre en charge cette nouvelle interface utilisateur sont situés en un seul endroit.\nLe modèle de conception d\u0026rsquo;objet de page offre les avantages suivants:\n Il existe une séparation nette entre le code de test et le code spécifique à la page, tel que les localisateurs (ou leur utilisation si vous utilisez une carte d\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur) et la mise en page. Il existe un référentiel unique pour les services ou opérations proposés par la page plutôt que d\u0026rsquo;avoir ces services dispersés tout au long des tests.  Dans les deux cas, cela permet toutes les modifications requises en raison des modifications de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur à tous être fait en un seul endroit. Vous trouverez des informations utiles sur cette technique sur nombreux blogs car ce «modèle de conception de test» est de plus en plus utilisé. nous encourager le lecteur qui souhaite en savoir plus à rechercher des blogs sur Internet à propos de ce sujet. Beaucoup ont écrit sur ce modèle de conception et peuvent fournir des conseils utiles dépassant le cadre de ce guide de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Pour vous aider à démarrer, cependant, nous allons illustrer les objets de page avec un exemple simple.\nPrenons d\u0026rsquo;abord un exemple, typique de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests, qui n\u0026rsquo;utilise pas de objet page:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Il y a deux problèmes avec cette approche.\n Il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de séparation entre la méthode de test et les localisateurs de l\u0026rsquo;AUT (ID dans cet exemple); les deux sont entrelacés dans une seule méthode. Si l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur de l\u0026rsquo;AUT change ses identifiants, sa disposition ou la manière dont une connexion est entrée et traitée, le test lui-même doit changer. Les localisateurs d\u0026rsquo;ID seraient répartis dans plusieurs tests, dans tous les tests qui devaient utilisez cette page de connexion.  En appliquant les techniques d\u0026rsquo;objet de page, cet exemple pourrait être réécrit comme ceci dans l\u0026rsquo;exemple suivant d\u0026rsquo;un objet de page pour une page de connexion.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } et l\u0026rsquo;objet de page pour une page d\u0026rsquo;accueil pourrait ressembler à ceci.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } Alors maintenant, le test de connexion utiliserait ces deux objets de page comme suit.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Il y a beaucoup de flexibilité dans la façon dont les objets de page peuvent être conçus, mais il existe quelques règles de base pour obtenir la maintenabilité souhaitée de votre code de test.\nLes objets de page eux-mêmes ne doivent jamais faire de vérifications ou d\u0026rsquo;assertions. C\u0026rsquo;est partie de votre test et doit toujours être dans le code du test, jamais dans une page objet. L\u0026rsquo;objet page contiendra la représentation de la page et le services fournis par la page via des méthodes mais aucun code lié à ce qui est testé doit se trouver dans l\u0026rsquo;objet page.\nIl y a une seule vérification qui peut et doit être dans la page objet et qui est de vérifier que la page, et éventuellement les éléments critiques sur la page, ont été chargés correctement. Cette vérification doit être effectuée pendant instancier l\u0026rsquo;objet page. Dans les exemples ci-dessus, SignInPage et Les constructeurs de HomePage vérifient que la page attendue est disponible et prête pour demandes du test.\nUn objet de page n\u0026rsquo;a pas nécessairement besoin de représenter une page entière. La page Le modèle de conception d\u0026rsquo;objet peut être utilisé pour représenter des composants sur une page. Si un La page de l\u0026rsquo;AUT comporte plusieurs composants, elle peut améliorer la maintenabilité si il existe un objet page distinct pour chaque composant.\nIl existe d\u0026rsquo;autres modèles de conception qui peuvent également être utilisés dans les tests. Certains utilisent un Page Factory pour instancier leurs objets de page. Discuter de tout cela est au-delà de la portée de ce guide de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Ici, nous voulons simplement introduire le concepts pour sensibiliser le lecteur à certaines des choses qui peuvent être faites. Comme a été mentionné plus tôt, beaucoup ont blogué sur ce sujet et nous encourageons lecteur pour rechercher des blogs sur ces sujets.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/","title":"Pour débuter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour débuter Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous, nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.\n Tour rapide  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/","title":"Tour rapide","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium n\u0026rsquo;est pas juste un outil ou une API mais est composé de nombreux outils.\nWebDriver Si vous débutez dans l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de test de site web desktop vous allez utiliser les APIs WebDriver. WebDriver utilise les APIs d\u0026rsquo;automatisation fournies par les distributeurs de navigateur pour les contrôler et exécuter les tests. C\u0026rsquo;est comme si un utilisateur réel utilisait le navigateur. Puisque WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;a pas besoin que ses APIs soient compilées avec le code de l\u0026rsquo;application testée, il est non intrusif par nature. Ainsi vous testez exactement l\u0026rsquo;application qui sera en production.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) est l\u0026rsquo;outil que vous utilisez pour développer vos cas de test Selenium. Il s\u0026rsquo;agit d\u0026rsquo;un Chrome facile à utiliser et l\u0026rsquo;extension Firefox et est généralement le moyen le plus efficace de développer cas de test. Il enregistre pour vous les actions des utilisateurs dans le navigateur, en utilisant commandes Selenium existantes, avec des paramètres définis par le contexte de cet élément. Ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas seulement un gain de temps, mais aussi un excellent moyen d\u0026rsquo;apprentissage de la syntaxe du script Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid vous permet de lancer des tests dans différentes machines et depuis différentes plateformes. Le lancement des tests se fait en local, et une fois les tests lancés, ils sont automatiquement exécutés sur le serveur distant.\nAprès le développement des tests WebDriver, vous pouvez être confronté à la nécessité de lancer vos tests sur toutes combinaisons de navigateurs et systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation. C\u0026rsquo;est là que Grid entre en scène.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"A propos du test automatisé","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Commencez par vous demander si vous avez vraiment besoin ou non d\u0026rsquo;un navigateur. Il est probable qu'à un moment donné, si vous travaillez sur une application Web complexe, vous devrez ouvrir un navigateur et le tester.\nLes tests fonctionnels pour l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur final, tels que les tests au sélénium, sont cependant coûteux à exécuter. En outre, ils nécessitent généralement une infrastructure substantielle être en place pour fonctionner efficacement. C\u0026rsquo;est une bonne règle de toujours se demander si ce que l\u0026rsquo;on veut tester peut être fait en utilisant des approches de test plus légères telles que des tests unitaires ou avec une approche de niveau inférieur.\nUne fois que vous avez déterminé que vous êtes dans le domaine des tests de navigateurs Web, et vous avez votre environnement Selenium prêt à commencer à écrire des tests, vous effectuerez généralement une combinaison de trois étapes:\n Configurer les données Effectuer un ensemble discret d\u0026rsquo;actions Évaluez les résultats  Vous voudrez garder ces étapes aussi courtes que possible; une ou deux opérations devraient suffire la plupart du temps. L\u0026rsquo;automatisation des navigateurs a la réputation d'être \u0026ldquo;feuilletée\u0026rdquo;, mais en réalité, c\u0026rsquo;est parce que les utilisateurs en demandent souvent trop. Dans les chapitres suivants, nous reviendrons sur les techniques que vous pouvez utiliser pour atténuer les problèmes intermittents apparents dans les tests, en particulier sur la façon de surmonter les conditions de course entre le navigateur et WebDriver.\nGarder vos tests courts et en utilisant le navigateur Web uniquement lorsque vous n\u0026rsquo;avez absolument aucune alternative, vous pouvez avoir de nombreuses tâches avec un flocon de neige minimal.\nUn avantage distinct des tests au sélénium est leur capacité inhérente à tester tous les composants de l\u0026rsquo;application, du backend au frontend, du point de vue d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur. En d\u0026rsquo;autres termes, alors que les tests fonctionnels peuvent être coûteux à exécuter, ils englobent également de grandes portions critiques pour l\u0026rsquo;entreprise à la fois.\nExigences de test Comme mentionné précédemment, les tests au sélénium peuvent être coûteux à exécuter. Dans quelle mesure cela dépend du navigateur sur lequel vous exécutez les tests, mais historiquement, le comportement des navigateurs a tellement varié qu\u0026rsquo;il a souvent était un objectif déclaré de contre-tester avec plusieurs navigateurs.\nSelenium vous permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter les mêmes instructions sur plusieurs navigateurs sur plusieurs systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation, mais l'énumération de tous les navigateurs possibles, leurs différentes versions et les nombreux systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation sur lesquels ils s\u0026rsquo;exécutent deviendra rapidement une entreprise non triviale.\nCommençons par un exemple Larry a écrit un site Web qui permet aux utilisateurs de commander leur licornes personnalisées.\nLe flux de travail général (ce que nous appellerons le \u0026ldquo;chemin heureux\u0026rdquo;) est quelque chose comme ça:\n Créer un compte Configurer la licorne Ajoutez-le au panier Vérifiez et payez Donnez votre avis sur la licorne  Il serait tentant d'écrire un grand script Selenium pour effectuer toutes ces opérations, beaucoup essaieront. Résister à la tentation! Cela entraînera un test qui a) prend beaucoup de temps, b) sera soumis à des problèmes courants concernant les problèmes de synchronisation du rendu de page, et c) est telle qu\u0026rsquo;en cas d'échec, il ne vous donnera pas une méthode concise et \u0026ldquo;lisible\u0026rdquo; pour diagnostiquer ce qui a mal tourné.\nLa stratégie préférée pour tester ce scénario serait pour le décomposer en une série de tests indépendants et rapides, chacun a une «raison» d\u0026rsquo;exister.\nImaginons que vous souhaitiez tester la deuxième étape: Configuration de votre licorne. Il effectuera les actions suivantes:\n Créer un compte Configurer une licorne  Notez que nous ignorons le reste de ces étapes, nous testerons le reste du workflow dans d\u0026rsquo;autres petits cas de test discrets après avoir fini avec celui-ci.\nPour commencer, vous devez créer un compte. Vous avez ici quelques choix à faire:\n Voulez-vous utiliser un compte existant? Voulez-vous créer un nouveau compte? Y a-t-il des propriétés spéciales d\u0026rsquo;un tel utilisateur qui doivent être pris en compte avant le début de la configuration?  Quelle que soit la façon dont vous répondez à cette question, la solution consiste à l\u0026rsquo;intégrer à la partie \u0026ldquo;configurer les données\u0026rdquo; du test. Si Larry a exposé une API qui vous permet (ou n\u0026rsquo;importe qui) pour créer et mettre à jour des comptes utilisateurs, assurez-vous de l\u0026rsquo;utiliser pour répondre à cette question. Si possible, vous souhaitez lancer le navigateur uniquement après avoir un utilisateur \u0026ldquo;en main\u0026rdquo;, dont vous pouvez simplement vous connecter avec les informations d\u0026rsquo;identification.\nSi chaque test pour chaque workflow commence par la création d\u0026rsquo;un compte utilisateur, plusieurs secondes seront ajoutées à l\u0026rsquo;exécution de chaque test. Appeler une API et parler à une base de données sont rapides, Opérations \u0026ldquo;sans tête\u0026rdquo; qui ne nécessitent pas le processus coûteux de ouvrir un navigateur, naviguer vers les bonnes pages, cliquer et attendre que les formulaires soient soumis, etc.\nIdéalement, vous pouvez traiter cette phase de configuration en une seule ligne de code, qui s\u0026rsquo;exécutera avant le lancement de tout navigateur:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Comme vous pouvez l\u0026rsquo;imaginer, la UserFactory peut être étendue pour fournir des méthodes telles que createAdminUser () et createUserWithPayment (). Le fait est que ces deux lignes de code ne vous distraient pas du but ultime de ce test: configurer une licorne.\nLes subtilités du modèle d\u0026rsquo;objet de page sera discuté dans les chapitres suivants, mais nous présenterons le concept ici:\nVos tests doivent être composés d\u0026rsquo;actions, réalisée du point de vue de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur, dans le cadre des pages du site. Ces pages sont stockées en tant qu\u0026rsquo;objets, qui contiendra des informations spécifiques sur la composition de la page Web et comment les actions sont effectuées - dont très peu devrait vous concerner en tant que testeur.\nQuel genre de licorne veux-tu? Vous voudrez peut-être du rose, mais pas nécessairement. Le violet a été assez populaire ces derniers temps. A-t-elle besoin de lunettes de soleil? Tatouages ​​étoiles? Ces choix, bien que difficiles, sont votre principale préoccupation en tant que testeur - vous devez vous assurer que votre centre de traitement des commandes envoie la bonne licorne à la bonne personne, et cela commence par ces choix.\nNotez que nulle part dans ce paragraphe nous ne parlons de boutons, des champs, des listes déroulantes, des boutons radio ou des formulaires Web. Vos tests ne devraient pas non plus! Vous voulez écrire votre code comme l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur essayant de résoudre son problème. Voici une façon de procéder (à partir de l\u0026rsquo;exemple précédent):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Maintenant que vous avez configuré votre licorne, vous devez passer à l'étape 3: vous assurer que cela a réellement fonctionné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Notez que le testeur n\u0026rsquo;a toujours rien fait d\u0026rsquo;autre que parler des licornes dans ce code - pas de boutons, pas de localisateurs, pas de commandes de navigateur. Cette méthode de modélisation de l\u0026rsquo;application vous permet de garder ces commandes de niveau test en place et immuables, même si Larry décide la semaine prochaine qu\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;aime plus Ruby-on-Rails et décide de réimplémenter l\u0026rsquo;ensemble du site dans les dernières fixations Haskell avec un frontal Fortran.\nVos objets de page nécessiteront une petite maintenance afin de se conformer à la refonte du site, mais ces tests resteront les mêmes. En prenant cette conception de base, vous souhaiterez continuer à parcourir vos workflows avec le moins d'étapes possibles face au navigateur. Votre prochain workflow impliquera l\u0026rsquo;ajout d\u0026rsquo;une licorne au panier d\u0026rsquo;achat. Vous voudrez probablement de nombreuses itérations de ce test afin de vous assurer que le chariot conserve correctement son état: Y a-t-il plus d\u0026rsquo;une licorne dans le panier avant de commencer? Combien peuvent tenir dans le panier? Si vous en créez plusieurs avec le même nom et / ou les mêmes fonctionnalités, est-ce que cela cassera? Gardera-t-il seulement celui existant ou en ajoutera-t-il un autre?\nChaque fois que vous vous déplacez dans le flux de travail, vous voulez éviter d\u0026rsquo;avoir à créer un compte, connectez-vous en tant qu\u0026rsquo;utilisateur et configurez la licorne. Idéalement, vous pourrez créer un compte et pré-configurer une licorne via l\u0026rsquo;API ou la base de données. Il vous suffit ensuite de vous connecter en tant qu\u0026rsquo;utilisateur, de localiser Sparkles, et l\u0026rsquo;ajouter au panier.\nAutomatiser ou ne pas automatiser? L\u0026rsquo;automatisation est-elle toujours avantageuse? Quand faut-il décider d\u0026rsquo;automatiser le test cas?\nIl n\u0026rsquo;est pas toujours avantageux d\u0026rsquo;automatiser les cas de test. Il y a des moments où des tests manuels peuvent être plus appropriés. Par exemple, si l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur de l\u0026rsquo;application l\u0026rsquo;interface changera considérablement dans un avenir proche, alors toute automatisation pourrait avoir besoin d'être réécrit de toute façon. De plus, parfois, il n\u0026rsquo;y a tout simplement pas assez le temps de construire l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests. À court terme, les tests manuels peuvent être plus efficace. Si une demande a un délai très serré, il n’existe actuellement aucun l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des tests est disponible, et il est impératif que les tests soient effectués dans les ce délai, puis le test manuel est la meilleure solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Capabilities spécifiques du Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Définir les Capabilities à l\u0026rsquo;aide de \u0026ldquo;FirefoxOptions\u0026rdquo; FirefoxOptions est la nouvelle façon de définir les capacités de Firefox navigateur et doit généralement être utilisé de préférence à DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Définition d\u0026rsquo;un profil personnalisé Il est possible de créer un profil personnalisé pour Firefox comme illustré ci-dessous.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Dans certains environnements, Internet Explorer peut expirer lors de l\u0026rsquo;ouverture du Boîte de dialogue Téléchargement de fichier. IEDriver a un délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut de 1000 ms, mais vous peut augmenter le délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la fonction fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;elle est définie sur true, cette fonctionnalité efface le Cache, Historique du navigateur et cookies pour toutes les instances en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution d\u0026rsquo;InternetExplorer, y compris ceux démarrés manuellement ou par le chauffeur. Par défaut, il est défini sur false.\nL\u0026rsquo;utilisation de cette fonctionnalité entraînera une baisse des performances lancement du navigateur, car le pilote attendra que le cache est effacé avant de lancer le navigateur IE.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting Le pilote InternetExplorer s\u0026rsquo;attend à ce que le niveau de zoom du navigateur soit de 100%, sinon le pilote lèvera une exception. Ce comportement par défaut peut être désactivé en définissant ignoreZoomSetting sur true.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Ignorer la vérification du Protected Mode lors du lancement une nouvelle session IE.\nS\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;est pas défini et que les paramètres du mode protégé ne sont pas les mêmes pour toutes les zones, une exception sera levée par le pilote.\nSi la capabilité est définie sur true, les tests peuvent deviennent irréguliers, ne répondent pas ou les navigateurs peuvent se bloquer. Cependant, c\u0026rsquo;est toujours de loin un deuxième meilleur choix, et le premier choix devrait toujours être de réellement définissez manuellement les paramètres du mode protégé de chaque zone. Si un utilisateur utilise cette propriété, seul un \u0026ldquo;meilleur effort\u0026rdquo; de soutien sera donné.\nCette capacité accepte une valeur booléenne comme paramètre.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Conventions typographique","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalisation des titres Il faut éviter la capitalisation du titre, comme A Very Fine Heading, et optez plutôt pour un titre très fin. Capitalisation gratuite ou casse de titre, montrent souvent un malentendu - ou un mépris pour - conventions orthographiques. Nous préférons ce que l\u0026rsquo;on appelle le \u0026ldquo;cas de peine\u0026rdquo;, avec un seul capital initial pour démarrer les en-têtes.\nLongueur de la ligne Lors de la modification de la source de la documentation, qui est écrit en HTML simple, limitez la longueur de vos lignes à environ 72 caractères.\nCertains d\u0026rsquo;entre nous vont encore plus loin et utiliser ce qu\u0026rsquo;on appelle semantic linefeeds, qui est une technique par laquelle les lignes source HTML, qui ne sont pas lus par le public, sont divisés à des \u0026ldquo;ruptures naturelles\u0026rdquo; dans la prose. En d\u0026rsquo;autres termes, les phrases sont divisées aux pauses naturelles entre les clauses. Au lieu de s\u0026rsquo;embêter avec les lignes de chaque paragraphe de sorte qu\u0026rsquo;ils se terminent tous près de la marge droite, les sauts de ligne peuvent être ajoutés n\u0026rsquo;importe où qu\u0026rsquo;il y a une rupture entre les idées.\nCela peut rendre les différences très faciles à lire lors de la collaboration via git, mais ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas quelque chose que nous imposons aux contributeurs d\u0026rsquo;utiliser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Driver tiers et plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium peut être étendu à travers l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de plugins. Vous trouverez ici un certain nombre de plugins créés et maintenus par des tierces parties. Pour de plus amples information sur la création de plugin ou pour en ajouter à la liste, consultez la documentation.\nVeuillez noter que ces plugins ne sont pas supportés, maintenus ou hébergés par le projet Selenium. De plus, soyez avertis que les plugins listés ci-dessous ne sont pas nécessairement sous Apache License v.2.0. Certains de ces plugins sont disponibles sous une autre licence libre et gratuite; d\u0026rsquo;autres ne sont disponibles que sous licence propriétaire. Toute question à propos de ces plugins et de leur licence de distribution doit être évoquée avec leur(s) développeur(s) respectif.\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installer les binaires WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour exécuter votre projet et contrôler le navigateur, vous devez installer des binaires WebDriver spécifiques au navigateur.\nTéléchargez le binaire WebDriver pris en charge par votre navigateur et placez-le dans le CHEMIN système.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introduction Selenium est un projet englobant un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outil et de librairies rendant possible l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de navigateur web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Langue spécifique au domaine","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Une langue spécifique au domaine (DSL) est un système qui fournit à l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur un moyen expressif de résoudre un problème. Il permet à un utilisateur de interagir avec le système à leurs conditions - pas seulement parler de programmeur.\nVos utilisateurs, en général, ne se soucient pas de l\u0026rsquo;apparence de votre site. Ils ne se soucient de la décoration, des animations ou des graphismes. Ils voulez utiliser votre système pour pousser leurs nouveaux employés à travers le processus avec une difficulté minimale; ils veulent réserver un voyage en Alaska; ils veulent configurer et acheter des licornes à prix réduit. Votre travail en tant que testeur doit se rapprocher le plus possible de la «capture» de cet état d\u0026rsquo;esprit. Dans cet esprit, nous avons entrepris de \u0026ldquo;modéliser\u0026rdquo; l\u0026rsquo;application que vous êtes travailler, de telle sorte que les scripts de test (la seule version préliminaire de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur proxy) \u0026ldquo;parler\u0026rdquo; et représenter l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur.\nAvec Selenium, DSL est généralement représenté par des méthodes, écrites pour l\u0026rsquo;API simple et lisible - ils permettent un rapport entre le les développeurs et les parties prenantes (utilisateurs, propriétaires de produits, spécialistes du renseignement, etc.).\nBenefits  Lisible: Les parties prenantes commerciales peuvent le comprendre. Inscriptible: Facile à écrire, évite les doublons inutiles. Extensible: La fonctionnalité peut (raisonnablement) être ajoutée sans rompre les contrats et les fonctionnalités existantes. Maintenable: En laissant les détails de mise en œuvre hors de test cas, vous êtes bien isolé contre les modifications de l\u0026rsquo;AUT*.  Java Voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;une méthode DSL raisonnable en Java. Par souci de concision, il suppose que l\u0026rsquo;objet driver est prédéfini et disponible pour la méthode.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Cette méthode résume complètement les concepts de champs de saisie, des boutons, des clics et même des pages de votre code de test. Utiliser ceci approche, tout ce qu\u0026rsquo;un testeur doit faire est d\u0026rsquo;appeler cette méthode. Cela donne vous un avantage de maintenance: si les champs de connexion ont changé, vous n\u0026rsquo;aurait qu'à changer cette méthode - pas vos tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } Il faut le répéter: l\u0026rsquo;un de vos principaux objectifs devrait être de rédiger un API qui permet à vos tests de répondre le problème à portée de main, et NON le problème de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur. L\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur est une préoccupation secondaire pour votre utilisateurs - ils ne se soucient pas de l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur, ils veulent juste obtenir leur emploi terminé. Vos scripts de test doivent se lire comme une liste de choses à laver l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur veut FAIRE et ce qu\u0026rsquo;il veut SAVOIR. Les tests ne devrait pas se préoccuper de la façon dont l\u0026rsquo;interface utilisateur vous oblige à aller à propos de ça.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Le client Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour exécuter un client WebDriver distant, nous devons d\u0026rsquo;abord nous connecter au RemoteWebDriver. Nous le faisons en pointant l\u0026rsquo;URL vers l\u0026rsquo;adresse du serveur exécutant nos tests. Afin de personnaliser notre configuration, nous avons défini les capacités souhaitées. Voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;instanciation d\u0026rsquo;un objet WebDriver distant pointant vers notre serveur Web distant, www.example.com, exécuter nos tests sur Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Pour personnaliser davantage notre configuration de test, nous pouvons ajouter d\u0026rsquo;autres fonctionnalités souhaitées.\nOptions du navigateur Par exemple, supposons que vous vouliez exécuter Chrome sur Windows XP, en utilisant la version 67 de Chrome:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Détecteur de fichiers local Le détecteur de fichiers local permet le transfert de fichiers depuis le client machine au serveur distant. Par exemple, si un test doit télécharger un fichier vers une application Web, un WebDriver distant peut transférer automatiquement le fichier de la machine locale au serveur Web distant pendant Durée. Cela permet au fichier d'être téléchargé depuis la machine distante exécuter le test. Il n\u0026rsquo;est pas activé par défaut et peut être activé dans de la manière suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Une fois le code ci-dessus défini, vous pouvez télécharger un fichier dans votre test de la manière suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Les pré-requis de WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grâce à WebDriver, Selenium prend en charge tous les principaux navigateurs du marché tels que Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera et Safari. Dans la mesure du possible, WebDriver pilote le navigateur en utilisant la prise en charge intégrée du navigateur pour l\u0026rsquo;automatisation, bien que tous les navigateurs n\u0026rsquo;aient pas de support officiel pour la télécommande.\nL\u0026rsquo;objectif de WebDriver est d'émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction d\u0026rsquo;un utilisateur réel avec le navigateur le plus près possible. Cela est possible à différents niveaux dans différents navigateurs. Pour plus de détails sur les différentes particularités des pilotes, veuillez consulter Idiosyncrasies des pilotes.\nMême si tous les pilotes partagent une seule interface utilisateur pour contrôler le navigateur, ils ont des façons légèrement différentes de configurer des sessions de navigateur. Étant donné que de nombreuses implémentations de pilotes sont fournies par des tiers, ils ne sont pas inclus dans la distribution standard de sélénium.\nInstanciation du pilote, gestion des profils et divers paramètres spécifiques au navigateur sont des exemples de paramètres qui ont des exigences différentes selon le navigateur. Cette section explique les exigences de base pour vous familiariser avec les différents navigateurs.\nAjout d\u0026rsquo;exécutables à votre PATH La plupart des pilotes nécessitent un exécutable supplémentaire pour que Selenium puisse communiquer avec le navigateur. Vous pouvez spécifier manuellement l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l\u0026rsquo;exécutable avant de démarrer WebDriver, mais cela peut rendre vos tests moins portables, car les exécutables devront être au même endroit sur chaque machine, ou inclus dans votre référentiel de code de test.\nEn ajoutant un dossier contenant les binaires de WebDriver à votre système chemin d\u0026rsquo;accès, Selenium pourra localiser les binaires supplémentaires sans nécessitant votre code de test pour localiser l\u0026rsquo;emplacement exact du pilote.\n  Créez un répertoire dans lequel placer les exécutables, comme C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin\n  Ajoutez le répertoire à votre CHEMIN:\n  Sous Windows - Ouvrez une invite de commande en tant qu\u0026rsquo;administrateur et exécutez la commande suivante pour ajouter en permanence le répertoire à votre chemin pour tous les utilisateurs de votre machine:\nsetx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;   Utilisateurs Bash sur macOS et Linux - Dans un terminal:\nexport PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile     Vous êtes maintenant prêt à tester vos modifications. Fermez toutes les invites de commande ouvertes et ouvrez-en une nouvelle. Tapez le nom de l\u0026rsquo;un des binaires dans le dossier que vous avez créé à l'étape précédente, par exemple:\nchromedriver   Si votre PATH est configuré correctement, vous verrez une sortie relative au démarrage du pilote:\nStarting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed.   Vous pouvez reprendre le contrôle de votre invite de commande en appuyant sur  Ctrl + C \nRéférence rapide    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Pour conduire Chrome ou Chromium, vous devez télécharger chromedriver et placez-le dans un dossier qui se trouve sur le chemin de votre système.\nSous Linux ou macOS, cela signifie modifier la variable d\u0026rsquo;environnement PATH. Vous pouvez voir quels répertoires, séparés par deux points, créez le chemin de votre système en exécutant la commande suivante:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Pour inclure chromedriver sur le chemin si ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas déjà fait, assurez-vous d\u0026rsquo;inclure le répertoire parent du binaire chromedriver. La ligne suivante définira la variable d\u0026rsquo;environnement PATH son contenu actuel, plus un chemin supplémentaire ajouté après les deux points:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Lorsque chromedriver est disponible sur votre chemin, vous devriez pouvoir exécuter l\u0026rsquo;exécutable chromedriver à partir de n\u0026rsquo;importe quel répertoire.\nPour instancier une session Chrome / Chromium, vous pouvez procéder comme suit:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas que vous devez définir le chemin d\u0026rsquo;accès à l\u0026rsquo;exécutable chromedriver. Ceci est possible en utilisant la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     Le chromedriver est implémenté en tant que serveur distant WebDriver qu\u0026rsquo;en exposant l\u0026rsquo;interface proxy d\u0026rsquo;automatisation interne de Chrome indique au navigateur quoi faire.\nFirefox Depuis Selenium 3, Mozilla a pris en charge la mise en œuvre de Pilote Firefox, avec geckodriver. Le nouveau pilote pour Firefox s\u0026rsquo;appelle geckodriver et fonctionne avec Firefox 48 et plus récent. Étant donné que Firefox WebDriver est en cours de développement, le plus la version Firefox est récente, meilleur est le support.\nComme geckodriver est la nouvelle façon par défaut de lancer Firefox, vous pouvez instancier Firefox de la même manière que Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Si vous préférez ne pas définir l\u0026rsquo;emplacement du geckodriver à l\u0026rsquo;aide de PATH, définissez l\u0026rsquo;emplacement binaire de geckodriver par programme:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Il est également possible de définir la propriété au moment de l\u0026rsquo;exécution:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Il est actuellement possible de revenir à l\u0026rsquo;ancienne, plus de fonctionnalités complètes Pilote Firefox, en installant Firefox 47.0.1 ou 45 ESR et en spécifiant une capacité souhaitée de marionnette comme false. Les versions ultérieures de Firefox ne sont plus compatibles.\nEdge Edge est le plus récent navigateur de Microsoft, inclus avec Windows 10 et Server 2016. Les mises à jour d\u0026rsquo;Edge sont regroupées avec les principales mises à jour Windows, vous devrez donc télécharger un fichier binaire qui correspond au numéro de version de votre version de Windows actuellement installée. Le site des développeurs Edge contient des liens vers tous les binaires disponibles. Bugs contre EdgeDriver la mise en œuvre peut être augmentée avec Microsoft. Si vous souhaitez exécuter des tests sur Edge, mais que vous n\u0026rsquo;exécutez pas Windows 10, Microsoft offrir des machines virtuelles gratuites aux testeurs sur le site des développeurs Edge.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Si le pilote Edge n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent dans votre chemin, vous pouvez définir le chemin à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer était le navigateur par défaut de Microsoft jusqu'à Windows 10, bien qu\u0026rsquo;il est toujours inclus dans Windows 10. Le pilote Internet Explorer est le seul pilote Le projet Selenium vise à supporter les mêmes versions Microsoft considère actuel. Les versions plus anciennes peuvent fonctionner, mais ne seront pas prises en charge.\nAlors que le projet Selenium fournit des binaires pour les 32 bits et 64 bits versions d\u0026rsquo;Internet Explorer, il y en a limitations avec Internet Explorer 10 et 11 avec le pilote 64 bits, mais en utilisant le 32 bits le conducteur continue de bien fonctionner. Il convient de noter que, comme Internet Explorer les préférences sont enregistrées sur le compte de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur connecté, certaines une configuration supplémentaire est requise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Si le pilote Internet Explorer n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent dans votre chemin, vous pouvez définir le chemin en utilisant la ligne suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft propose également un binaire WebDriver pour Internet Explorer 11 sur Windows 7 et 8.1. Il n\u0026rsquo;a pas été mis à jour depuis 2014 et est basé sur une version provisoire du Spécifications W3. Jim Evans a une excellente synthèse sur la mise en œuvre de Microsoft.\nOpera Les versions actuelles d\u0026rsquo;Opera sont construites sur le moteur Chromium, et WebDriver est désormais pris en charge via la source fermée Pilote Opera Chromium, qui peut être ajouté à votre CHEMIN ou en tant que propriété système.\nL\u0026rsquo;instanciation d\u0026rsquo;une session de pilote est similaire à Firefox et Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra et plus tard:\n Exécutez la commande suivante à partir du terminal pour la première l\u0026rsquo;heure et tapez votre mot de passe à l\u0026rsquo;invite pour autoriser WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Activer le menu développeur à partir des préférences de Safari Cochez l\u0026rsquo;option Allow Remote Automation à partir de avec le menu Développer Exécutez la commande suivante à partir du terminal pour la première l\u0026rsquo;heure et tapez votre mot de passe à l\u0026rsquo;invite pour autoriser WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Vous pouvez ensuite démarrer une session de pilote en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Ceux qui cherchent à automatiser Safari sur iOS devraient regarder Projet Appium. Alors que Safari était auparavant disponible pour Windows, Apple a depuis longtemps abandonné le support, ce qui en fait un mauvais choix de plateforme de test.\nNavigateur simulé HtmlUnit HtmlUnit est un \u0026ldquo;navigateur sans interface graphique pour les programmes Java\u0026rdquo;. Il modélise des documents HTML et fournit une API qui vous permet d\u0026rsquo;appeler des pages, de remplir des formulaires, de cliquer sur liens, etc. Il prend en charge JavaScript et est capable de travailler avec les bibliothèques AJAX, simulation de Chrome, Firefox ou Internet Explorer selon la configuration utilisé. Il a été déplacé vers un nouvel emplacement. La source est maintenue sur svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS est un navigateur sans tête basé sur Webkit, bien qu\u0026rsquo;une version beaucoup plus ancienne que celle utilisée par Google Chrome ou Safari. Bien qu\u0026rsquo;historiquement populaire choix, il serait désormais sage d'éviter PhantomJS. Le projet a été non entretenu depuis le 5 août, Ainsi, même si le Web continuera de changer, PhantomJS ne sera pas mis à jour. Ce fut après que Google a annoncé la possibilité d\u0026rsquo;exécuter Chrome sans tête, quelque chose aussi maintenant offert par Firefox de Mozilla.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Mettre en place votre propre Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour utiliser la grille de Selenium, vous devez maintenir votre propre infrastructure pour les nœuds. Comme cela peut être un effort lourd et intense en temps, de nombreuses organisations utilisent des fournisseurs IaaS comme Amazon EC2 et Google Compute pour fournir cette infrastructure.\nD\u0026rsquo;autres options incluent l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de fournisseurs tels que Sauce Labs ou Testing Bot qui fournissent un Selenium Grid en tant que service dans le cloud. Il est certainement possible d\u0026rsquo;exécuter également des nœuds sur votre propre matériel. Ce chapitre abordera en détail l\u0026rsquo;option de faire fonctionner votre propre grille, complet avec sa propre infrastructure de nœuds.\nQuick start Cet exemple vous montrera comment démarrer le Selenium 2 Grid Hub, et enregistrer à la fois un nœud WebDriver et un nœud hérité Selenium 1 RC. Nous vous montrerons également comment appeler la grille depuis Java. Le hub et les nœuds sont montrés ici fonctionnant sur la même machine, mais bien sûr, vous pouvez copier le serveur autonome de Selenium sur plusieurs machines.\nLe package selenium-server-standalone comprend le concentrateur, WebDriver et l\u0026rsquo;héritage RC nécessaires pour exécuter la grille, ant n\u0026rsquo;est plus requis. Vous pouvez télécharger le selenium-server-standalone.jar depuis https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nÉtape 1: démarrez le hub Le Hub est le point central qui recevra les demandes de test et les distribuer aux bons nœuds. La distribution se fait sur la base des capacités, ce qui signifie un test nécessitant un ensemble de capacités ne sera distribué qu\u0026rsquo;aux nœuds offrant cet ensemble ou sous-ensemble de capacités.\nParce que les capacités souhaitées d\u0026rsquo;un test sont exactement ce que son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, desired, le concentrateur ne peut pas garantir qu\u0026rsquo;il localisera un nœud correspondant parfaitement à l\u0026rsquo;ensemble de capacités souhaité.\nOuvrez une invite de commande et accédez au répertoire dans lequel vous avez copié le fichier selenium-server-standalone.jar. Vous démarrez le hub en passant le drapeau -role hub sur le serveur autonome:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nLe concentrateur écoutera le port 4444 par défaut. Vous pouvez afficher l'état du concentrateur en ouvrant une fenêtre de navigateur et en accédant à http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPour modifier le port par défaut, vous pouvez ajouter le drapeau facultatif -port avec un entier représentant le port à écouter lorsque vous exécutez la commande. En outre, toutes les autres options que vous voyez dans le fichier de configuration JSON (voir ci-dessous) sont des drapeaux de ligne de commande possibles.\nVous pouvez certainement vous en tirer avec la simple commande ci-dessus, mais si vous avez besoin d\u0026rsquo;une configuration plus avancée, vous pouvez également spécifier un fichier de configuration au format JSON, pour plus de commodité, pour configurer le concentrateur au démarrage. Vous pouvez le faire comme ceci:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Ci-dessous, vous verrez un exemple de fichier hubConfig.json. Nous verrons plus en détail comment fournir les fichiers de configuration de noeud à l'étape 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Étape 2: démarrez les nœuds Que vous souhaitiez exécuter une grille avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités WebDriver, ou une grille avec la fonctionnalité Selenium 1 RC, Ou les deux à la fois, vous utilisez le même fichier selenium-server-standalone.jar pour démarrer les nœuds:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Si un port n\u0026rsquo;est pas spécifié via l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -port, un port libre sera choisi. Vous pouvez exécuter plusieurs nœuds sur une seule machine mais si vous le faites, vous devez être conscient des ressources mémoire de votre système et des problèmes avec les captures d'écran si vos tests les prennent.\nConfiguration du nœud avec options Comme mentionné, pour une compatibilité ascendante Les rôles \u0026ldquo;wd\u0026rdquo; et \u0026ldquo;rc\u0026rdquo; sont toujours un sous-ensemble valide du rôle \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo;. Mais ces rôles limitent les types de connexions distantes à leur API correspondante, tandis que \u0026ldquo;node\u0026rdquo; permet à la fois les connexions à distance RC et WebDriver.\nPasser les propriétés JVM (en utilisant l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -D avant l\u0026rsquo;argument -jar) sur la ligne de commande, et ceux-ci seront ramassés et propagés aux nœuds:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration de Node avec JSON Vous pouvez également démarrer des nœuds de grille configurés avec un fichier de configuration JSON\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json Et voici un exemple de fichier nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Une note sur le drapeau -host\nPour le concentrateur et le nœud, si l\u0026rsquo;indicateur -host n\u0026rsquo;est pas spécifié, 0.0.0.0 sera utilisé par défaut. Cela se liera à tous les interfaces IPv4 publiques (sans boucle) de la machine. Si vous avez un spécial configuration réseau ou tout composant créant des interfaces réseau supplémentaires, il est conseillé de définir le drapeau -host avec une valeur qui concentrateur/node accessible depuis une autre machine.\nSpécification du port Le port TCP/IP par défaut utilisé par le concentrateur est 4444. Si vous devez changer le port veuillez utiliser les configurations mentionnées ci-dessus.\nDépannage Utilisation du fichier journal Pour un dépannage avancé, vous pouvez spécifier un fichier journal pour enregistrer les messages système. Démarrez le concentrateur ou le nœud Selenium GRID avec l\u0026rsquo;argument -log. Veuillez voir l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessous:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Utilisez votre éditeur de texte préféré pour ouvrir le fichier journal (log.txt dans l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessus) pour trouver Journaux \u0026ldquo;ERREUR\u0026rdquo; si vous rencontrez des problèmes.\nUtilisation de l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug Vous pouvez également utiliser l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug pour imprimer les journaux de débogage sur la console. Démarrez Selenium Grid Hub ou Node avec l\u0026rsquo;argument -debug. S\u0026rsquo;il te plait regarde l\u0026rsquo;exemple ci-dessous:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Attention La grille de Selenium doit être protégée des accès externes à l\u0026rsquo;aide de autorisations de pare-feu.\nLe fait de ne pas protéger votre grille peut entraîner un ou plusieurs des événements suivants:\n Vous fournissez un accès ouvert à votre infrastructure Grid Vous autorisez des tiers à accéder aux applications et fichiers Web internes Vous autorisez des tiers à exécuter des binaires personnalisés  Voir cet article de blog sur Detectify, qui donne une bonne aperçu de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation abusive d\u0026rsquo;une grille exposée publiquement: Ne laissez pas votre grille grande ouverte.\nDocker Selenium Docker fournit un moyen pratique de fournir et dimensionner l\u0026rsquo;infrastructure Selenium Grid dans une unité appelée conteneur. Les conteneurs sont des unités logicielles standardisées qui contiennent tout le nécessaire pour exécuter l\u0026rsquo;application souhaitée, y compris toutes les dépendances, dans un environnement fiable et reproductible sur différentes machines.\nLe projet Selenium gère un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;images Docker que vous pouvez télécharger et exécutez pour obtenir une grille de travail rapidement opérationnelle. Les nœuds sont disponibles pour Firefox et Chrome. Vous trouverez tous les détails sur la configuration d\u0026rsquo;un réseau dans le Docker Selenium dépôt.\nPrérequis La seule exigence pour exécuter une grille est d\u0026rsquo;avoir Docker installé et fonctionnel. Installer Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Mettre en place votre propre Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comment migrer vers Selenium WebDriver Une question fréquente lors de l\u0026rsquo;adoption de Selenium 2 est la bonne chose à faire lors de l\u0026rsquo;ajout de nouveaux tests à un ensemble de tests existant? Utilisateurs nouveaux dans le Le framework peut commencer par utiliser les nouvelles API WebDriver pour écrire leurs tests. Mais qu\u0026rsquo;en est-il des utilisateurs qui ont déjà des suites de tests existants? Ce guide est conçu pour montrer comment migrer vos tests existants vers les nouvelles API, permettant à tous les nouveaux tests d'être écrits en utilisant les nouvelles fonctionnalités offertes par WebDriver.\nLa méthode présentée ici décrit une migration fragmentaire vers le WebDriver API sans avoir à tout retravailler en une seule poussée massive. Ça signifie que vous pouvez accorder plus de temps pour la migration de vos tests existants, qui peut vous aider à décider où dépenser vos efforts.\nCe guide est écrit en utilisant Java, car il a le meilleur support pour faire la migration. Comme nous fournissons de meilleurs outils pour d\u0026rsquo;autres langues, ce guide sera élargi pour inclure ces langues.\nPourquoi migrer vers WebDriver Le déplacement d\u0026rsquo;une suite de tests d\u0026rsquo;une API à une autre API nécessite une énorme quantité d\u0026rsquo;effort. Pourquoi voudriez-vous, vous et votre équipe, envisager cette démarche? Voici quelques raisons pour lesquelles vous devriez envisager de migrer vos tests de Selenium pour utiliser WebDriver.\n API plus petite et compacte. L\u0026rsquo;API de WebDriver est plus orientée objet que le API d\u0026rsquo;origine Selenium RC. Cela peut faciliter le travail avec. Meilleure émulation des interactions utilisateur. Dans la mesure du possible, WebDriver fait utilisation d'événements natifs pour interagir avec une page Web. Cela de plus près imite la façon dont vos utilisateurs travaillent avec votre site et vos applications. En plus, WebDriver propose les API d\u0026rsquo;interaction utilisateur avancées qui vous permettent de modélisez des interactions complexes avec votre site. Prise en charge par les fournisseurs de navigateurs. Opera, Mozilla et Google sont tous actifs participants au développement de WebDriver, et chacun a des ingénieurs travaillant pour améliorer le cadre. Souvent, cela signifie que la prise en charge de WebDriver est intégré dans le navigateur lui-même: vos tests s\u0026rsquo;exécutent aussi rapidement et aussi stable que possible.  Avant de commencer Afin de rendre le processus de migration aussi indolore que possible, faites assurez-vous que tous vos tests fonctionnent correctement avec la dernière version de Selenium. Cela peut sembler évident, mais il vaut mieux le dire!\nCommencer La première étape lors du démarrage de la migration consiste à modifier la façon dont vous obtenez votre instance de Selenium. Lorsque vous utilisez Selenium RC, cela se fait comme suit:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Cela devrait être remplacé comme suit:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Prochaines étapes Une fois vos tests exécutés sans erreur, la prochaine étape consiste à migrer le code de test réel pour utiliser les API WebDriver. Selon la façon dont bien abstrait votre code est, cela peut être un processus court ou long. Dans les deux cas, l\u0026rsquo;approche est la même et peut se résumer simplement: modifier le code pour utiliser la nouvelle API lorsque vous venez de le modifier.\nSi vous devez extraire l\u0026rsquo;implémentation WebDriver sous-jacente de l\u0026rsquo;instance de Selenium, vous pouvez simplement la lancer sur WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Cela vous permet de continuer à transmettre l\u0026rsquo;instance Selenium comme normal, mais pour déballer l\u0026rsquo;instance WebDriver comme requis.\nÀ un moment donné, votre base de code utilisera principalement les nouvelles API. À ce stade, vous pouvez inverser la relation en utilisant WebDriver et instancier une instance de Selenium à la demande:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problèmes communs Heureusement, vous n'êtes pas la première personne à traverser cette migration, voici donc quelques problèmes communs que d\u0026rsquo;autres ont vus, et comment les résoudre.\nCliquer et taper est plus complet Un schéma courant dans un test Selenium RC est de voir quelque chose comme:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Cela repose sur le fait que \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; remplace simplement le contenu du élément identifié sans déclencher également tous les événements qui normalement être renvoyé si un utilisateur interagit avec la page. Les invocations directes finales de \u0026ldquo;clé*\u0026rdquo; provoque le déclenchement des gestionnaires JS comme prévu.\nLors de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriverBackedSelenium, le résultat du remplissage du formulaire serait \u0026ldquo;texttt excitant\u0026rdquo;: pas ce que vous attendez! La raison de cela est que WebDriver émule plus précisément le comportement des utilisateurs, et aura donc a tiré des événements tout au long.\nCe même fait peut parfois déclencher un chargement de page plus tôt qu\u0026rsquo;il ne le ferait faire dans un test de sélénium 1. Vous pouvez dire que cela s\u0026rsquo;est produit si un \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; est levé par WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad revient trop tôt Découvrir quand un chargement de page est terminé est une entreprise délicate. Voulons-nous \u0026ldquo;lorsque l'événement de chargement se déclenche\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;lorsque toutes les requêtes AJAX sont terminées\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;lorsque il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de trafic réseau \u0026ldquo;,\u0026rdquo; lorsque document.readyState a changé \u0026ldquo;ou quelque chose sinon entièrement?\nWebDriver tente de simuler le comportement d\u0026rsquo;origine de Selenium, mais cela ne fonctionnent toujours parfaitement pour diverses raisons. La raison la plus courante est que c\u0026rsquo;est difficile de faire la différence entre un chargement de page n\u0026rsquo;ayant pas encore commencé et un chargement de page terminé entre les appels de méthode. Cela signifie parfois que le contrôle revient à votre test avant que la page ne soit terminée (ou même commencée!) chargement.\nLa solution est d\u0026rsquo;attendre quelque chose de spécifique. Généralement, cela pourrait être pour l'élément avec lequel vous souhaitez interagir ensuite, ou pour une variable Javascript à définir sur une valeur spécifique. Un exemple serait:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Où \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; est implémenté comme:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Cela peut sembler complexe, mais c\u0026rsquo;est presque tout le code de la plaque de la chaudière. Le seul bit intéressant est que le \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; sera évalué à plusieurs reprises jusqu'à ce que la méthode \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; renvoie quelque chose qui n\u0026rsquo;est ni \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; ni Boolean.FALSE.\nBien sûr, l\u0026rsquo;ajout de tous ces appels \u0026ldquo;d\u0026rsquo;attente\u0026rdquo; peut encombrer votre code. Si c\u0026rsquo;est le cas, et vos besoins sont simples, pensez à utiliser les attentes implicites:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); En faisant cela, chaque fois qu\u0026rsquo;un élément est localisé, si l'élément n\u0026rsquo;est pas présent, l\u0026rsquo;emplacement est réessayé jusqu'à ce qu\u0026rsquo;il soit présent ou jusqu'à 30 secondes passé.\nTrouver par XPath ou sélecteurs CSS ne fonctionne pas toujours, mais cela fonctionne avec Selenium 1 Dans Selenium 1, il était courant que xpath utilise une bibliothèque groupée plutôt que les capacités du navigateur lui-même. WebDriver utilisera toujours le natif méthodes de navigateur, sauf s\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;y a pas d\u0026rsquo;autre alternative. Cela signifie que xpath complexe les expressions peuvent se briser sur certains navigateurs.\nLes sélecteurs CSS dans Selenium 1 ont été implémentés à l\u0026rsquo;aide de la bibliothèque Sizzle. Cette implémente un surensemble de la spécification CSS Selector, et il n\u0026rsquo;est pas toujours clair où vous avez franchi la ligne. Si vous utilisez WebDriverBackedSelenium et utilisez un Sizzle locator au lieu d\u0026rsquo;un CSS Selector pour trouver des éléments, un avertissement être connecté à la console. Cela vaut la peine de prendre le temps de les chercher, en particulier si les tests échouent faute de pouvoir trouver des éléments.\nIl n\u0026rsquo;y a pas de Browserbot Selenium RC était basé sur Selenium Core, et donc lorsque vous avez exécuté JavaScript, vous pouvez accéder à des morceaux de Selenium Core pour faciliter les choses. Comme WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est pas basé sur Selenium Core, cela n\u0026rsquo;est plus possible. Comment savoir si vous utilisez Selenium Core? Facile! Regardez juste pour voir si vos appels \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; ou similaires utilisent \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; dans le Javascript évalué.\nVous utilisez peut-être le navigateur pour obtenir un descripteur de la fenêtre actuelle ou document du test. Heureusement, WebDriver évalue toujours JS dans le contexte de la fenêtre en cours, vous pouvez donc utiliser directement \u0026ldquo;fenêtre\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;.\nVous pouvez également utiliser le navigateur pour localiser des éléments. Dans WebDriver, l\u0026rsquo;idiome pour ce faire est de localiser d\u0026rsquo;abord l'élément, puis passez cela comme argument au Javascript. Donc:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); devient:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Remarquez comment la variable \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; passée apparaît comme premier élément dans le tableau \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; standard de JS.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything JavascriptExecutor de WebDriver encapsulera tous les JS et l'évaluera comme une expression anonyme. Cela signifie que vous devez utiliser le mot-clé \u0026ldquo;retour\u0026rdquo;:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); devient:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observabilité","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Quand utiliser Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"De manière générale, il existe deux raisons pour lesquelles vous souhaiterez peut-être utiliser Grid.\n Pour exécuter vos tests sur plusieurs navigateurs, plusieurs versions de navigateur, et les navigateurs fonctionnant sur différents systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation. Pour réduire le temps nécessaire à la suite de tests pour terminer une passe de test.  La grille est utilisée pour accélérer l\u0026rsquo;exécution d\u0026rsquo;un test réussi en utilisant plusieurs machines pour exécuter des tests en parallèle. Par exemple, si vous avez une suite de 100 tests, mais vous avez configuré Grid pour prendre en charge 4 machines différentes (VM ou machines physiques distinctes) pour exécuter ces tests, votre suite de tests se terminera en (environ) un quart du temps comme si vous exécutiez vos tests de manière séquentielle sur une seule machine. Pour les grandes suites de tests et les suites de tests de longue durée telles que ceux qui effectuent de grandes quantités de validation des données, cela peut être un gagne-temps. Certaines suites de tests peuvent prendre des heures à s\u0026rsquo;exécuter. Une autre raison de booster la le temps passé à exécuter la suite est de raccourcir le délai d\u0026rsquo;exécution des résultats des tests après le code d\u0026rsquo;enregistrement des développeurs pour l\u0026rsquo;AUT. De plus en plus d'équipes logicielles pratiquant le développement logiciel Agile veulent des commentaires sur les tests aussi possible par opposition à attendre la nuit pour un passage de test de nuit.\nLa grille est également utilisée pour prendre en charge l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests sur plusieurs environnements d\u0026rsquo;exécution environnements, en particulier, contre différents navigateurs en même temps. Pour Par exemple, une \u0026ldquo;grille\u0026rdquo; de machines virtuelles peut être configurée, chacune prenant en charge un navigateur différent que l\u0026rsquo;application à tester doit prendre en charge. Donc, la machine 1 a Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 la dernière Chrome et la machine 4 la dernière version de Firefox. Lorsque la suite de tests est exécutée, Selenium-Grid reçoit chaque combinaison de navigateur de test et attribue chaque test à exécuter sur son navigateur requis.\nDe plus, on peut avoir une grille de tous les mêmes navigateur, type et version. Pour par exemple, on pourrait avoir une grille de 4 machines exécutant chacune 3 instances de Firefox 70, permettant une \u0026ldquo;batterie de serveurs\u0026rdquo; (dans un sens) de Firefox disponible instances. Lorsque la suite s\u0026rsquo;exécute, chaque test est passé à Grid qui attribue le test à la prochaine instance de Firefox disponible. De cette manière, on obtient la réussite du test où, en théorie, 12 tests sont tous en cours d\u0026rsquo;exécution en même temps dans parallèle, ce qui réduit considérablement le temps nécessaire pour réussir un test.\nLa grille est très flexible. Ces deux exemples peuvent être combinés pour permettre plusieurs instances de chaque type et version de navigateur. Une configuration telle que cela fournirait à la fois une exécution parallèle pour un achèvement rapide des tests et prise en charge simultanée de plusieurs types et versions de navigateur.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Travailler avec les couleurs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Vous voudrez parfois valider la couleur de quelque chose dans le cadre de vos tests; le problème est que les définitions de couleurs sur le Web ne sont pas constantes. Ne serait-ce pas bien s\u0026rsquo;il y avait un moyen facile de comparer une représentation HEX d\u0026rsquo;une couleur avec une représentation RGB d\u0026rsquo;une couleur, ou une représentation RGBA d\u0026rsquo;une couleur avec une représentation HSLA d\u0026rsquo;une couleur?\nNe t\u0026rsquo;inquiètes pas. Il y a une solution: la classe Color!\nTout d\u0026rsquo;abord, vous devrez importer la classe:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Vous pouvez maintenant commencer à créer des objets de couleur. Chaque objet de couleur devra être créé à partir d\u0026rsquo;une représentation sous forme de chaîne de votre couleur. Les représentations de couleurs prises en charge sont:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     La classe Color prend également en charge toutes les définitions de couleurs de base spécifié dans http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Parfois, les navigateurs renvoient une valeur de couleur \u0026ldquo;transparente\u0026rdquo; si aucune couleur n\u0026rsquo;a été définie sur un élément. La classe Color prend également en charge ceci:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Vous pouvez désormais interroger un élément en toute sécurité pour obtenir sa couleur / couleur de fond sachant que toute réponse sera correctement analysée et converti en un objet Color valide:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Vous pouvez ensuite comparer directement les objets de couleur:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Ou vous pouvez convertir la couleur dans l\u0026rsquo;un des formats suivants et effectuer une validation statique:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Les couleurs ne sont plus un problème.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Téléchargement de fichier","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Bien qu\u0026rsquo;il soit possible de démarrer un téléchargement en cliquant sur un lien avec un navigateur sous le contrôle de Selenium, l\u0026rsquo;API n\u0026rsquo;expose pas la progression du téléchargement, ce qui n\u0026rsquo;est pas idéal pour tester les fichiers téléchargés. En effet, le téléchargement de fichiers n\u0026rsquo;est pas considéré comme un aspect important d'émuler l\u0026rsquo;interaction des utilisateurs avec la plate-forme Web. À la place, recherchez le lien à l\u0026rsquo;aide de Selenium (et tous les cookies requis) et le passer à une bibliothèque de requêtes HTTP comme libcurl.\n Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Codes réponse HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour certaines configurations de navigateur dans Selenium RC, Selenium a agi comme un proxy entre le navigateur et le site étant automatisé. Cela signifiait que tout le trafic du navigateur passait par Selenium pourrait être capturé ou manipulé. La méthode captureNetworkTraffic() censé capturer tout le trafic réseau entre le navigateur et le site étant automatisé, y compris les codes de réponse HTTP.\nSelenium WebDriver est une approche complètement différente à l\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur, préférant agir plus comme un utilisateur et cela est représenté dans la façon dont vous écrivez des tests avec WebDriver. Dans les tests fonctionnels automatisés, vérification du code d'état n\u0026rsquo;est pas un détail particulièrement important de l'échec d\u0026rsquo;un test; les étapes qui l\u0026rsquo;ont précédé sont plus importantes.\nLe navigateur représentera toujours le code d'état HTTP, imaginez par exemple une page d\u0026rsquo;erreur 404 ou 500. Un moyen simple de \u0026ldquo;échouer rapidement\u0026rdquo; lorsque vous rencontrez l\u0026rsquo;une de ces pages d\u0026rsquo;erreur est de vérifier le titre de la page ou le contenu d\u0026rsquo;un point fiable (par exemple, la balise \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) après chaque chargement de page. Si vous utilisez le modèle d\u0026rsquo;objet de page, vous pouvez inclure cette vérification dans votre constructeur de classe ou un point similaire où le chargement de la page est prévu. Parfois, le code HTTP peut même être représenté dans la page d\u0026rsquo;erreur du navigateur et vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver pour lire ceci et améliorez votre sortie de débogage.\nLa vérification de la page Web elle-même est en ligne avec la pratique idéale de WebDriver de représenter et d\u0026rsquo;affirmer la vision de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur du site Web.\nSi vous insistez, une solution avancée pour capturer les codes d'état HTTP consiste à reproduire le comportement de Selenium RC à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;un proxy. L\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver permet de définir un proxy pour le navigateur, et il existe un certain nombre de procurations qui vous permet de manipuler par programme le contenu des demandes envoyées et reçues du serveur Web. L\u0026rsquo;utilisation d\u0026rsquo;un proxy vous permet de décider comment vous souhaitez répondre aux codes de réponse de redirection. De plus, tous les navigateurs ne sont pas met les codes de réponse à la disposition de WebDriver, donc choisir d\u0026rsquo;utiliser un proxy vous permet d\u0026rsquo;avoir une solution qui fonctionne pour chaque navigateur.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Configuration des composants","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generer l&#39;état de l&#39;application","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le sélénium ne doit pas être utilisé pour préparer un cas de test. Tous répétitifs les actions et les préparatifs pour un test élémentaire devraient être effectués par méthodes. Par exemple, la plupart des interfaces utilisateur Web ont une authentification (par exemple, une connexion forme). Éliminer la connexion via un navigateur Web avant chaque test améliorer à la fois la vitesse et la stabilité du test. Une méthode devrait être créé pour accéder à l\u0026rsquo;AUT * (par exemple, en utilisant une API pour vous connecter et définir un biscuit). En outre, la création de méthodes de préchargement des données pour les tests ne doivent pas être effectués avec du sélénium. Comme mentionné précédemment, les API existantes doivent être exploitées pour créer des données pour l\u0026rsquo;AUT *.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid est un serveur proxy intelligent qui permet aux tests Selenium d\u0026rsquo;acheminer des commandes vers des instances de navigateur Web distantes. Son objectif est de fournir un moyen simple d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines.\nAvec Selenium Grid, un serveur fait office de concentrateur qui achemine les commandes de test au format JSON à un ou plusieurs nœuds de grille enregistrés. Les tests contactent le concentrateur pour obtenir l\u0026rsquo;accès aux instances de navigateur distantes. Le concentrateur dispose d\u0026rsquo;une liste de serveurs enregistrés auxquels il donne accès, et permet le contrôle de ces instances.\nSelenium Grid nous permet d\u0026rsquo;effectuer des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines, et pour gérer les différentes versions et configurations de navigateur de manière centralisée (au lieu de dans chaque test individuel).\nLa grille de sélénium n\u0026rsquo;est pas une solution miracle. Il résout un sous-ensemble de problèmes de délégation et de distribution communs, mais ne gèrera par exemple pas votre infrastructure, et pourrait ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.\nVeuillez noter que Grid 3 n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge et que le projet Selenium recommande d\u0026rsquo;utiliser Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/","title":"Installation de Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Installation de Selenium La configuration de Selenium est très différente de la configuration d\u0026rsquo;autres outils commerciaux. Pour utiliser Selenium dans votre projet d\u0026rsquo;automatisation, vous devez installer les bibliothèques de liaisons linguistiques pour la langue de votre choix. De plus, vous aurez besoin des fichiers binaires WebDriver pour les navigateurs sur lesquels vous souhaitez automatiser et exécuter le test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installer le serveur Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Si vous prévoyez d\u0026rsquo;utiliser [Grid] (/fr/grid/), vous devez télécharger le [selenium-server-standalone JAR] (https://selenium.dev/downloads/). Tous les composants sont disponibles via selenium-server. Le JAR autonome contient tout, y compris le serveur Selenium distant et les liaisons côté client. Cela signifie que si vous utilisez le la jar selenium-server-standalone dans votre projet, vous n\u0026rsquo;avez pas besoin d\u0026rsquo;ajouter de sélénium-java ou un le jar spécifique au navigateur.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localiser des éléments","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localiser des éléments Une des techniques fondamentales à maîtriser lorsque l\u0026rsquo;on utilise WebDriver consiste à chercher des éléments sur une page. WebDriver offre pour cela un ensemble pré-défini de type de selecteurs, parmi lesquels la recherche d\u0026rsquo;une élément par son attribut ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Comme démontré dans cet exemple, la localisation des éléments à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver se fait via une instance de l\u0026rsquo;objet WebDriver. La méthode findElement(By) retourne un autre type d\u0026rsquo;objet fondamental, un WebElement.\n WebDriver represente la navigateur WebElement represente un noeud particulier du DOM (un lien, un champ texte, etc.)  Un fois que l\u0026rsquo;on a obtenu la référence de l'élément web qui a été \u0026ldquo;trouvé\u0026rdquo;, on peut encore réduire la portée de notre recherche en utilisant le même appel de méthode sur l\u0026rsquo;instance de cet objet:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = fromage.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   fromage = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;) cheddar = fromage.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement fromage = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;fromage\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = fromage.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   fromage = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;) cheddar = fromage.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const fromage = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;fromage\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = fromage.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Nous pouvons faire cela car les types WebDriver et WebElement implémentent tous deux l\u0026rsquo;interface SearchContext. Dans WebDriver, ce principe est connu sous le nom de role-based interface. Les interfaces basées sur le rôle nous permettent de déterminer si une implémentation particulière de driver supporte une fonctionnalité donnée. Ces interfaces sont clairement définies et tente d\u0026rsquo;adhérer au principe de responsabilité unique. Vous pouvez en lire plus sur le design de WebDriver et sur quels drivers supportent quels rôles dans le chapitre Un Autre Chapitre Qui Aura Un Nom.\nPar conséquent, l\u0026rsquo;interface By utilisée précédement fournit également d\u0026rsquo;autres stratégies de localisation. Une recherche imbriquée peut ne pas être la startégie la plus adaptée pour trouver notre cheddar puisqu\u0026rsquo;elle nécessite que deux instructions séparées soient envoyées au navigateur ; tout d\u0026rsquo;abord rechercher un élément ayant pour ID \u0026ldquo;fromage\u0026rdquo;, puis une recherche pour \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; dans ce contexte plus restreint.\nPour améliorer légèrement les performances, nous pourrions essayer un sélecteur (une stratégie de localisation) plus spécifique : WebDriver supporte la localisation d'élément via sélecteur CSS, nous permettant de combiner les deux sélecteurs précédents en un seul:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#fromage #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localiser plusieurs éléments Il est possible que le document web sur lequel nous travaillons dispose d\u0026rsquo;une liste ordonnée de nos fromages préférés:\n\u0026lt;ol id=fromage\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Puisque plus de fromage est sans conteste meilleur, et qu\u0026rsquo;il serait lourd de devoir récupérer chaque item un par un, une technique supérieure est d\u0026rsquo;utiliser la forme plurielle findElements(By). Cette méthode retourne une collection d'éléments web. Si un seul élement a été trouvé, la méthode renverra tout de même une collection (d\u0026rsquo;un seul élément). Si aucun élément ne correspond au sélécteur, la collection retournée sera alors vide.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; pleinDeFromage = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;));   plein_de_fromage = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; pleinDeFromage = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#fromage li\u0026#34;));   plein_de_fromage = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#fromage li\u0026#39;)   const pleinDeFromage = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#fromage li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Stratégie de sélection des éléments WebDriver possède huit stratégies de localisation pré-définies différentes:\n   Sélecteur Description     class name Localise les éléments dont le nom de la classe contient la valeur recherchée (nom composés non permis)   css selector Localise les éléments correspondant à un sélecteur CSS   id Localise les éléments dont l\u0026rsquo;attribut ID correspond à la valeur recherchée   name Localise les éléments dont l\u0026rsquo;attribut NAME correspond à la valeur recherchée   link text Localise les éléments de type ancre (lien) dont le texte visible correspond à la valeur recherchée   partial link text Localise les éléments de type ancre (lien) dont le texte visible contient la valeur recherchée   tag name Localise les éléments dont le nom de tag correspond à la valeur recherchée   xpath Localise les éléments correspondant à un chemin XPath    Astuces d\u0026rsquo;utilisation des sélecteurs En règle général, si des ID HTML sont disponibles, uniques et prédictibles avec constance, alors il est préférable d\u0026rsquo;utiliser cette stratégie pour la localisation d'élément sur une page. Elle a tendance à être très rapide et évite les longs traitements liés à des traversées complexes du DOM.\nSi des IDs uniques ne sont pas disponibles, un sélecteur CSS bien écrit est la méthode de localisation la plus adaptée. Un sélecteur XPath marchera aussi bien qu\u0026rsquo;un sélecteur CSS, cependant sa syntaxe est plus complexe, et souvent, plus compliquée à débugguer. Même si les sélecteur XPath sont très flexibles, ils sont rarement testés d\u0026rsquo;un point de vue performance par les fournisseurs de navigateur et ont donc tendance à être assez lents.\nLes stratégies basés sur linkText et partialLinkText sont contraingnantes du fait qu\u0026rsquo;elles ne fonctionnent que sur des éléments de type lien hypertexte. De plus, elles sont implémentées au sein de WebDriver via des sélecteurs XPath.\nLe nom de tag est une façon dangereuse de localiser des éléments. Il y a fréquemment de multiples éléments ayant le même tag sur une page. Cette stratégie est principalement utile lorsque utilisée avec la méthode findElements(By), renvoyant une collection des élements.\nAu final, la recommendation est de garder ses sélecteurs aussi compacts et lisibles que possible. Demander à WebDriver de traverser la structure du DOM est une opération très coûteuse, de fait plus le scope de recherche sera restreint, meilleures seront les performances.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulation du navigateur","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session The browser process The background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it wasn\u0026rsquo;t for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"Runner HTML","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des Test Suites depuis la ligne de commande. Les Tests Suites sont des exports HTML depuis Selenium IDE ou autre outil compatible.\nInformations générales  Les combinaisons de version de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner sont importantes. Il doit y avoir une matrice de compatibilité quelque part. selenium-html-runner exécute seulement des Test Suites (et non pas des Test Case, comme un export de Monitis Transaction Monitor). Assurez-vous de vous y conformer. Pour les utilisateurs Linux sans affichage - vous devez exécuter html-runner avec un affichage virtuel (cherchez xvfb)  Exemple sur environnement Linux Installer / télécharger les packages suivants:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Example de Test Suite:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Comment exécuter selenium-html-runner en mode headless Pour la partie la plus importante, voici un exemple d\u0026rsquo;exécution de selenium-html-runner ! Votre expérience peut varier selon les combinaisons logicielles - versions de geckodriver/FF/html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Travailler avec les éléments select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Certains éléments peuvent nécessiter un peu de code de plaque de chaudière pour automatiser. Pour réduire cela et rendre vos tests plus propres, il existe un Classe Select dans le package de support Selenium. Pour l\u0026rsquo;utiliser, vous aurez besoin de l\u0026rsquo;instruction d\u0026rsquo;importation suivante:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Vous pouvez ensuite créer un objet Select à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;un WebElement qui référence un élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a JavaScript code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     L\u0026rsquo;objet Select va maintenant vous donner une série de commandes qui vous permettent d\u0026rsquo;interagir avec un élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Tout d\u0026rsquo;abord, il existe différentes façons de sélectionner une option de l'élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Il existe trois façons de sélectionner la première option dans l'élément ci-dessus:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     Vous pouvez ensuite vérifier les options sélectionnées en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Ou vous pouvez simplement être intéressé par les éléments  l'élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; contient:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     Si vous souhaitez désélectionner des éléments, vous avez maintenant quatre options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Enfin, certains éléments \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; vous permettent de sélectionner plusieurs options. Vous pouvez savoir si votre élément \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; en fait partie en utilisant:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types  de test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Test d\u0026rsquo;acceptation Ce type de test est effectué pour déterminer si une fonctionnalité ou un système répond aux attentes et exigences du client. Ce type de test implique généralement le client la coopération ou la rétroaction, étant une activité de validation qui répond à la question:\n Construisons-nous le produit non?.\n Pour les applications web, l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de ces tests peut se faire directement avec Selenium en simulant le comportement attendu de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Cette simulation peut être effectuée par enregistrement / lecture ou par différentes langues prises en charge comme expliqué dans cette documentation. Remarque: Les tests d\u0026rsquo;acceptation sont un sous-type de tests fonctionnels, auquel certaines personnes pourraient également se référer.\nTest fonctionel Ce type de test est effectué pour déterminer si un fonction ou le système fonctionne correctement sans problèmes. Il vérifie le système à différents niveaux pour garantir que tous les scénarios sont couverts et que le système fait censé faire. C\u0026rsquo;est une activité de vérification qui répond à la question:\n Construisons-nous le produit non?.\n Cela comprend généralement: les tests fonctionnent sans erreur (404, exceptions \u0026hellip;), de manière utilisable (redirections correctes), de manière accessible et correspondant à ses spécifications (voir test d\u0026rsquo;acceptation ci-dessus).\nPour les applications Web, l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de ces tests peut être fait directement avec Selenium en simulant les rendements attendus. Cette simulation peut être effectuée par enregistrement / lecture ou par les différentes langues prises en charge comme expliqué dans cette documentation.\nTest de performance Comme son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, des tests de performances sont effectués pour mesurer la performance d\u0026rsquo;une application.\nIl existe deux sous-types principaux pour les tests de performances:\nLoad testing Des tests de charge sont effectués pour vérifier la l\u0026rsquo;application fonctionne sous différentes charges définies (généralement un nombre particulier d\u0026rsquo;utilisateurs connectés en même temps)\nTests de résistance Des tests de résistance sont effectués pour vérifier que l\u0026rsquo;application fonctionne sous contrainte (ou au-dessus de la charge maximale supportée).\nEn règle générale, les tests de performances sont effectués en exécutant certains Test écrit de sélénium simulant différents utilisateurs frapper une fonction particulière sur l\u0026rsquo;application Web et récupérer des mesures significatives.\nCela se fait généralement par d\u0026rsquo;autres outils qui récupèrent les métriques. Un tel outil est JMeter.\nPour une application Web, les détails à mesurer incluent débit, latence, perte de données, temps de chargement des composants individuels \u0026hellip;\nRemarque 1: tous les navigateurs ont un onglet de performances dans leur section des outils des développeurs (accessible en appuyant sur F12)\nRemarque 2: est un sous-type de tests non fonctionnels car cela est généralement mesuré par système et non par fonction / caractéristique.\nLes tests de régression Ce test est généralement effectué après un changement, un correctif ou un ajout de fonctionnalité.\nPour s\u0026rsquo;assurer que le changement n\u0026rsquo;a rompu aucun des fonctionnalité, certains tests déjà exécutés sont exécutés à nouveau.\nL\u0026rsquo;ensemble des tests réexécutés peut être complet ou partiel et peut inclure plusieurs types différents, selon sur l'équipe d\u0026rsquo;application et de développement.\nDéveloppement piloté par les tests (TDD) Plutôt qu\u0026rsquo;un type de test en soi, le TDD est un itératif méthodologie de développement dans laquelle les tests pilotent la conception d\u0026rsquo;une fonctionnalité.\nChaque cycle commence par la création d\u0026rsquo;un ensemble de tests unitaires qui la fonctionnalité doit réussir (ce qui devrait échouer lors de sa première exécution).\nAprès cela, le développement a lieu pour faire passer les tests. Les tests sont exécutés à nouveau en commençant un autre cycle et ce processus se poursuit jusqu'à ce que tous les tests soient réussis.\nCela vise à accélérer le développement d\u0026rsquo;une application basé sur le fait que les défauts sont moins coûteux plus tôt ils sont trouvés.\nDéveloppement axé sur le comportement (BDD) BDD est également une méthodologie de développement itérative basé sur ci-dessus (TDD) dans lequel le but est d\u0026rsquo;impliquer toutes les parties dans le développement d\u0026rsquo;une application.\nChaque cycle commence par la création de quelques spécifications (qui devrait échouer). Créez ensuite l\u0026rsquo;unité défaillante tests (qui devraient également échouer), puis créer le développement.\nCe cycle est répété jusqu'à ce que tous les types de tests réussissent.\nPour ce faire, un langage de spécification est utilisé. Il doit être compréhensible par toutes les parties et simple, standard et explicite. La plupart des outils utilisent Gherkin comme langue.\nL\u0026rsquo;objectif est de pouvoir détecter encore plus d\u0026rsquo;erreurs que TDD en ciblant les erreurs d\u0026rsquo;acceptation potentielles aussi et rendre la communication entre les parties plus fluide.\nUn ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils est actuellement disponible écrire les spécifications et les associer aux fonctions de code, tels que Concombre ou SpecFlow.\nUn ensemble d\u0026rsquo;outils est construit sur Selenium pour rendre ce processus encore plus rapide en transformant directement les spécifications BDD en code exécutable. Certains d\u0026rsquo;entre eux sont JBehave, Capybara et Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"A propos de cette documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cette documentation, tout comme le code lui-même, est maintenue à 100% par des volontaires de la communauté Selenium. Beaucoup font partie des utilisateurs de la première heure, mais encore plus sont des utilisateurs récents, et ont donné de leur temps pour améliorer l\u0026rsquo;accueil des nouveaux utilisateurs.\nSi vous rencontrez un problème avec la documentation, nous souhaitons le savoir ! La meilleure façon de communiquer un problème est de visiter https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues et de vérifier si ce problème a déjà été remonté. Si ce n\u0026rsquo;est pas le cas, n\u0026rsquo;hésitez pas à ouvrir une nouvel issue !\nDe nombreux membre de la communauté fréquentent le canal Libera Libera.chat. N\u0026rsquo;hésitez pas à passer et poser vos questions. Si vous recevez de l\u0026rsquo;aide et pensez que cela devrait faire partie de la documentation, votre contribution sera plus que bienvenue ! Nous pouvons mettre à jour cette documentation, mais c\u0026rsquo;est beaucoup plus facile pour tout le monde lorsque nous recevons des contributions venant de nouvelles personnes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Actions de la souris en détail","tags":[],"description":"","content":"La souris représente un événement de souris. Les actions de la souris sont effectuées en utilisant une interface de bas niveau qui nous permet de fournir une action de saisie de périphérique virtualisé au navigateur Web.\nclickAndHold Il se déplacera vers l'élément et cliquera (sans le relâcher) au milieu de l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Cette méthode effectue tout d\u0026rsquo;abord un déplacement de la souris vers l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l'élément et effectue le clic contextuel (clic droit) sur l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Il se déplacera vers l'élément et effectuera un double-clic au milieu de l'élément donné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Cette méthode déplace la souris au milieu de l'élément. L'élément défile également dans la vue lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de cette action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset Cette méthode déplace la souris de sa position actuelle (ou 0,0) par le décalage donné. Si les coordonnées sont en dehors de la fenêtre d\u0026rsquo;affichage, la souris se retrouvera en dehors de la fenêtre du navigateur.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Cette méthode effectue tout d\u0026rsquo;abord un clic et un maintien sur l'élément source, se déplace vers l\u0026rsquo;emplacement de l'élément cible, puis relâche la souris.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Cette méthode effectue d\u0026rsquo;abord un clic et un maintien sur l'élément source, se déplace vers le décalage donné puis relâche la souris.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Cette action relâche le bouton gauche de la souris enfoncé. Si WebElement est passé, il relâchera le bouton gauche de la souris enfoncé sur l'élément WebElement donné\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Bouchonner les appels externes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L'élimination des dépendances sur les services externes s\u0026rsquo;améliorera considérablement la vitesse et la stabilité de vos tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pour plusieurs raisons, la connexion à des sites comme Gmail et Facebook avec l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est pas recommandée. Outre le fait que cette méthode est contraire aux conditions d\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ces sites (et que vous risquez de bloquer ou fermer votre compte), elle est lente et peu fiable.\nLa pratique idéale consiste à utiliser les API proposées par les fournisseurs de messagerie ou, dans le cas de Facebook, le service des outils de développement qui propose une API pour créer des comptes de test, des amis, etc. Bien que l\u0026rsquo;utilisation d\u0026rsquo;une API puisse sembler un peu plus difficile, vous serez récompensé en vitesse, fiabilité et stabilité. L\u0026rsquo;API est également peu susceptible de changer alors que les pages Web et les localisateurs HTML changent souvent et vous oblige à mettre à jour votre framework de test.\nSe connecter à des sites tiers à l\u0026rsquo;aide de WebDriver à tout moment de votre test augmente le risque de l'échec de votre test, car cela le rallonge. Une règle générale est que les tests sont longs, plus ils sont plus fragiles et peu fiables.\nLes implémentations WebDriver qui sont conforment aux W3C annotent également l\u0026rsquo;objet navigator avec une propriété WebDriver afin que les attaques par déni de service puissent être atténuées.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Débuter avec WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Débuter avec WebDriver Selenium permet l\u0026rsquo;automatisation des navigateurs les plus courants du marché à travers l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver. WebDriver est une API et un protocole définissant une interface agnostique (non orientée vers un langage spécifique) permettant de controller le comportement des navigateurs web. Chaque navigateur est appuyé par une implémentation spécifique de WebDriver, appelée un driver. Ce driver est le composant responsable de la délégation vers le navigateur, et gère la communication entre Selenium et le navigateur.\nCette séparation fait partie d\u0026rsquo;un effort conscient afin de responsabiliser les fournisseurs de navigateurs quant à l\u0026rsquo;implémentation de ceux-ci. Selenium tire parti de drivers tierces lorsque c\u0026rsquo;est possible, mais fournit également ses propres drivers, maintenus par le projet, lorsque nécessaire.\nLe framework Selenium relie toutes ces pièces ensembles via une interface user-friendly qui permet d\u0026rsquo;utiliser différents navigateurs de manière transparente, permettant ainsi l\u0026rsquo;automatisation cross-platform et cross-browser.\nPlus de détail à propos des driver peut être trouvé au chapitre Singularités du Driver.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Fonctionnalités avancées","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 est une nouvelle implémentation et ne partage pas la base de code la version précédente avait.\nGrid 4 a une approche pour tirer parti d\u0026rsquo;un certain nombre de nouvelles technologies afin pour faciliter la mise à l'échelle, tout en permettant l\u0026rsquo;exécution locale.\nPour obtenir tous les détails des composants de Grid 4, comprendre comment cela fonctionne et comment définir vous possédez, veuillez parcourir les sections ci-dessous.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver peut généralement être considéré comme ayant une API de blocage. Parce que c\u0026rsquo;est une bibliothèque hors processus qui instruit le navigateur à faire, et parce que la plate-forme Web a une nature intrinsèquement asynchrone, WebDriver ne suit pas l'état actif en temps réel du DOM. Cela s\u0026rsquo;accompagne de quelques défis que nous aborderons ici.\nDe l\u0026rsquo;expérience, la plupart des intermittents résultant de l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de Selenium et de WebDriver sont liés aux conditions de concurrence qui se produisent entre le navigateur et les instructions de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur. Un exemple pourrait être que l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur demande au navigateur de naviguer vers une page, obtient alors une erreur no such element lorsque vous essayez de trouver un élément.\nConsidérez le document suivant:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; Les instructions WebDriver peuvent sembler assez innocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Le problème ici est que la valeur par défaut stratégie de chargement de page utilisé dans WebDriver écoute le document.readyState pour passer à \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; avant de revenir de l\u0026rsquo;appel à navigate. Parce que l'élément p est ajouté après le chargement du document, ce script WebDriver peut être intermittent. Elle \u0026ldquo;pourrait\u0026rdquo; être intermittente car aucune garantie ne peut être apportée sur les éléments ou événements qui se déclenchent de manière asynchrone sans attendre ou bloquer explicitement ces événements.\nHeureusement, en utilisant le jeu d\u0026rsquo;instructions normal disponible sur l\u0026rsquo;interface [WebElement] (/fr/webdriver/web_element/) - telle comme WebElement.click et WebElement.sendKeys — sont garantie d'être synchrone, en ce que les appels de fonction ne reviendront pas (ou le rappel ne se déclenchera pas dans les langues de style rappel) jusqu'à ce que la commande soit terminée dans le navigateur. Les API d\u0026rsquo;interaction utilisateur avancées, Keyboard et Mouse, sont des exceptions car ils sont explicitement destinés à \u0026ldquo;Faire ce que je dis\u0026rdquo;, commandes asynchrones.\nL\u0026rsquo;attente, c\u0026rsquo;est l\u0026rsquo;exécution automatisée des tâches s\u0026rsquo;est écoulé un certain temps avant de passer à l'étape suivante.\nPour surmonter le problème des conditions de course entre le navigateur et votre script WebDriver, la plupart des clients Selenium sont livrés avec un package wait. Lorsque vous utilisez une attente, vous utilisez ce qui est communément appelé en tant que explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit Wait sont disponibles pour les clients Selenium pour les langages procéduraux impératifs. Ils permettent à votre code d\u0026rsquo;arrêter l\u0026rsquo;exécution du programme, ou geler le fil, jusqu'à ce que le condition que vous passez, il résout. La condition est appelée avec une certaine fréquence jusqu'à ce que le délai d\u0026rsquo;attente soit écoulé. Cela signifie que tant que la condition renvoie une valeur fausse, il continuera d\u0026rsquo;essayer et d\u0026rsquo;attendre.\nÉtant donné que les attentes explicites vous permettent d\u0026rsquo;attendre qu\u0026rsquo;une condition se produise, ils font un bon ajustement pour synchroniser l'état entre le navigateur et son DOM, et votre script WebDriver.\nPour remédier à notre jeu d\u0026rsquo;instructions de buggy antérieur, nous pourrions utiliser une attente pour avoir l\u0026rsquo;appel findElement attendre que l'élément ajouté dynamiquement du script a été ajouté au DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     On passe la condition comme référence de fonction que le wait s\u0026rsquo;exécutera à plusieurs reprises jusqu'à ce que sa valeur de retour soit véridique. Une valeur de retour \u0026ldquo;véridique\u0026rdquo; est tout ce qui est évalué comme booléen true dans la langue utilisée, comme une chaîne, un nombre, un booléen, un objet (dont un WebElement), ou une séquence ou une liste remplie (non vide). Cela signifie qu\u0026rsquo;une liste vide est évaluée comme fausse. Lorsque la condition est vraie et que l\u0026rsquo;attente de blocage est abandonnée, la valeur de retour de la condition devient la valeur de retour de l\u0026rsquo;attente.\nAvec cette connaissance, et parce que l\u0026rsquo;utilitaire d\u0026rsquo;attente n\u0026rsquo;ignore pas une telle erreur d'élément par défaut, nous pouvons refactoriser nos instructions pour être plus concis:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Dans cet exemple, nous passons une fonction anonyme (mais nous pourrions également le définir explicitement comme nous l\u0026rsquo;avons fait précédemment afin qu\u0026rsquo;il puisse être réutilisé). Le premier et le seul argument qui est passé à notre condition est toujours une référence à notre objet pilote, WebDriver. Dans un environnement multi-thread, vous devez être prudent pour opérer sur la référence du conducteur transmise à la condition plutôt que la référence au pilote dans la portée externe.\nParce que l\u0026rsquo;attente n\u0026rsquo;avalera pas de telles erreurs d'élément qui sont levées lorsque l'élément n\u0026rsquo;est pas trouvé, la condition réessayera jusqu'à ce que l'élément soit trouvé. Ensuite, il prendra la valeur de retour, en tant qu'élément Web, et le transmettre à notre script.\nSi la condition échoue, par exemple. une valeur de retour véridique de la condition n\u0026rsquo;est jamais atteinte, l\u0026rsquo;attente générera / déclenchera une erreur / exception appelée erreur de temporisation.\nOptions La condition d\u0026rsquo;attente peut être personnalisée pour répondre à vos besoins. Parfois, il n\u0026rsquo;est pas nécessaire d\u0026rsquo;attendre toute l'étendue du délai d\u0026rsquo;expiration par défaut, car la pénalité pour ne pas avoir réussi peut être chère.\nL\u0026rsquo;attente vous permet de passer un argument pour remplacer le délai:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Parce que c\u0026rsquo;est assez courant d\u0026rsquo;avoir à synchroniser le DOM et vos instructions, la plupart des clients sont également livrés avec un ensemble de expected conditions prédéfinies. Comme son nom l\u0026rsquo;indique, ce sont des conditions prédéfinies pour les opérations d\u0026rsquo;attente fréquentes.\nLes conditions disponibles dans les différentes liaisons linguistiques varient, mais ceci est une liste non exhaustive de quelques-uns:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  Vous pouvez vous référer à la documentation de l\u0026rsquo;API pour chaque liaison client pour trouver une liste exhaustive des conditions attendues:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait Il existe un deuxième type d\u0026rsquo;attente distinct de attente explicite appelée implicit wait. En attendant implicitement, WebDriver interroge le DOM pendant une certaine durée lors de la recherche de l'élément any. Cela peut être utile lorsque certains éléments de la page Web ne sont pas disponibles immédiatement et nécessitent un certain temps de chargement.\nAttendre implicitement que les éléments apparaissent est désactivé par défaut et devra être activé manuellement sur une base par session. Mélange attentes explicites et attentes implicites entraînera des conséquences inattendues, à savoir les attentes de sommeil pour le maximum même si l'élément est disponible ou si la condition est vraie.\navertissement: Ne mélangez pas les attentes implicites et explicites. Cela peut entraîner des temps d\u0026rsquo;attente imprévisibles. Par exemple, définir une attente implicite de 10 secondes et une attente explicite de 15 secondes pourrait entraîner un délai d\u0026rsquo;attente après 20 secondes.\nUne attente implicite consiste à dire à WebDriver d\u0026rsquo;interroger le DOM pendant un certain temps lorsque vous essayez de trouver un élément ou des éléments s\u0026rsquo;ils ne sont pas immédiatement disponibles. Le paramètre par défaut est 0, ce qui signifie désactivé. Une fois définie, l\u0026rsquo;attente implicite est définie pour la durée de vie de la session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait L\u0026rsquo;instance FluentWait définit la durée maximale d\u0026rsquo;attente d\u0026rsquo;une condition, ainsi que la fréquence à laquelle vérifier l'état.\nLes utilisateurs peuvent configurer l\u0026rsquo;attente pour ignorer des types spécifiques d\u0026rsquo;exceptions en attendant, comme NoSuchElementException lors de la recherche d\u0026rsquo;un élément sur la page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Classes de support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Les classes de support WebDriver sont fournies pour simplifier la maintenance de votre code.Elles fournissent une belle abstraction pour faciliter la modélisation des éléments HTML en tant qu\u0026rsquo;objets de domaine, ainsi que des méthodes d\u0026rsquo;aide pour rendre l\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ces objets facile à raisonner.\n Stratégies de localisation Événements LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Commençons:\nThreadGuard  Cette classe est uniquement disponible dans la liaison Java\n ThreadGuard vérifie qu\u0026rsquo;un pilote est appelé uniquement à partir du même thread qui l\u0026rsquo;a créé. Les problèmes de thread, en particulier lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tests en parallèle, peuvent être mystérieux et difficile à diagnostiquer les erreurs. L\u0026rsquo;utilisation de ce wrapper empêche cette catégorie d\u0026rsquo;erreurs et lèvera une exception lorsque cela se produira.\nL\u0026rsquo;exemple suivant simule un choc de threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } Le résultat ci-dessous:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Comme le montre l\u0026rsquo;exemple:\n protectedDriver sera créé dans le thread principal Nous utilisons Java Runnable pour lancer un nouveau processus et un nouveau Thread pour exécuter le processus Les deux Thread s\u0026rsquo;affrontent car le Thread principal n\u0026rsquo;a pas protectedDriver dans sa mémoire. ThreadGuard.protect lèvera une exception.  Remarque: Cela ne remplace pas la nécessité d\u0026rsquo;utiliser ThreadLocal pour gérer les pilotes lors de l\u0026rsquo;exécution en parallèle.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dépendance des tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Une courante et fausse idée à propos des tests automatisés concerne la spécificité de l\u0026rsquo;ordre des tests. Vos tests devraient pouvoir s\u0026rsquo;exécuter dans n\u0026rsquo;importe quel ordre, et ne pas compter sur d\u0026rsquo;autres tests pour réussir.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Le serveur Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le serveur fonctionnera toujours sur la machine avec le navigateur que vous souhaitez tester. Le serveur peut être utilisé à partir de la ligne de commande ou via du code configuration.\nDémarrage du serveur à partir de la ligne de commande Une fois que vous avez téléchargé selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, placez-le sur l\u0026rsquo;ordinateur avec le navigateur que vous souhaitez tester. Ensuite, à partir de le répertoire avec le pot, exécutez ce qui suit:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considérations pour exécuter le serveur L’appelant doit terminer correctement chaque session, appelant soit Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit.\nLe \u0026lsquo;Selenium-Server\u0026rsquo; conserve des journaux en mémoire pour chaque session en cours, qui sont effacés lorsque Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit est appelé. Si vous oubliez de mettre fin à ces sessions, votre serveur peut perdre de la mémoire. Si vous gardez des sessions extrêmement longues, vous devrez probablement arrêtez/quittez de temps en temps (ou augmentez la mémoire avec l\u0026rsquo;option -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (à partir de la version 2.21) Le serveur a deux délais d\u0026rsquo;expiration différents, qui peuvent être définis comme suit:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Contrôle la durée pendant laquelle le navigateur est autorisé à se bloquer (valeur en secondes).   timeout  Contrôle la durée pendant laquelle le client est autorisé à partir avant la récupération de la session (valeur en secondes).    La propriété système selenium.server.session.timeout n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge à partir de la version 2.21.\nVeuillez noter que le browserTimeout est conçu comme un mécanisme de temporisation de sauvegarde lorsque le mécanisme de temporisation ordinaire échoue, qui devrait être utilisé principalement dans des environnements de grille/serveur pour garantir que les processus bloqués/perdus ne restent pas trop longtemps, polluant l\u0026rsquo;environnement d\u0026rsquo;exécution.\nConfiguration du serveur par programmation En théorie, le processus est aussi simple que de mapper le DriverServlet à une URL, mais il est également possible d\u0026rsquo;héberger la page dans un format léger conteneur, tel que Jetty configuré entièrement en code. Étapes à suivre pour ce faire suivre.\n Téléchargez selenium-server.zip et décompressez. Placez les JAR sur le CLASSPATH. Créez une nouvelle classe appelée AppServer. Ici, j\u0026rsquo;utilise Jetty, vous devrez donc télécharger cela aussi:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Points de terminaison de la grille","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Reporting amélioré","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le sélénium n\u0026rsquo;est pas conçu pour rendre compte de l'état des cas de test courir. Profitant des capacités de rapport intégrées de l\u0026rsquo;unité les cadres de test sont un bon début. La plupart des cadres de tests unitaires ont rapports pouvant générer des rapports au format xUnit ou HTML. xUnit les rapports sont populaires pour importer des résultats dans une intégration continue (CI) comme Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Voici quelques liens pour plus d\u0026rsquo;informations sur les sorties de rapports pour plusieurs langues.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver pilote un navigateur nativement, comme le ferait un utilisateur, soit localement ou sur une machine distante utilisant le serveur Selenium, marque un bond en avant en termes d\u0026rsquo;automatisation du navigateur.\nSelenium WebDriver fait référence aux deux liaisons de langue et les implémentations du code de contrôle de navigateur individuel. Ceci est communément appelé simplement WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver est une recommandation du W3C\n  WebDriver est conçu comme un simple et une interface de programmation plus concise.\n  WebDriver est une API orientée objet compacte.\n  Il pilote efficacement le navigateur.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver fournit une API pour travailler avec les trois types de messages contextuels natifs proposés par JavaScript. Ces popups sont stylisés par le navigateur et offrent une personnalisation limitée.\nAlerts Le plus simple d\u0026rsquo;entre eux est appelé une alerte, qui montre une message personnalisé, et un seul bouton qui rejette l\u0026rsquo;alerte, étiqueté dans la plupart des navigateurs comme OK. Il peut également être ignoré dans la plupart des navigateurs par en appuyant sur le bouton de fermeture, mais cela fera toujours la même chose que le bouton OK. Voir un exemple d\u0026rsquo;alerte.\nWebDriver peut obtenir le texte de la fenêtre contextuelle et les accepter ou les rejeter alertes.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm Une boîte de confirmation est similaire à une alerte, sauf que l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur peut également choisir pour annuler le message. Voir un échantillon confirme .\nCet exemple montre également une approche différente du stockage d\u0026rsquo;une alerte:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Les invites sont similaires aux cases de confirmation, sauf qu\u0026rsquo;elles incluent également un texte contribution. Comme pour travailler avec des éléments de formulaire, vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver envoyer des clés pour remplir une réponse. Cela remplacera complètement l\u0026rsquo;espace réservé texte. En appuyant sur le bouton Annuler, aucun texte ne sera envoyé. Voir un exemple d\u0026rsquo;invite .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Eviter de partager l&#39;état","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Bien que mentionné à plusieurs endroits, il convient de le mentionner à nouveau. Assurer les tests sont isolés les uns des autres.\n  Ne partagez pas les données de test. Imaginez plusieurs tests qui interrogent chacun la base de données pour les commandes valides avant d\u0026rsquo;en choisir une pour effectuer une action. Devrait deux tests prenez la même commande que vous risquez d\u0026rsquo;obtenir un comportement inattendu.\n  Nettoyez les données périmées dans l\u0026rsquo;application qui pourraient être récupérées par un autre test par ex. enregistrements de commande invalides.\n  Créez une nouvelle instance WebDriver par test. Cela permet d\u0026rsquo;assurer l\u0026rsquo;isolement des tests et rend la parallélisation plus simple.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver Vous pouvez utiliser WebDriver à distance de la même manière que vous l\u0026rsquo;utiliseriez localement. La principale différence est qu’un WebDriver distant doit être configuré pour qu\u0026rsquo;il puisse exécuter vos tests sur une machine distincte.\nUn WebDriver distant est composé de deux éléments: un client et un serveur. Le client est votre test WebDriver et le serveur est simplement un Servlet Java, qui peut être hébergé sur n\u0026rsquo;importe quel serveur d\u0026rsquo;application JEE moderne.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Test de performance","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Test de performances avec Selenium et WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;est généralement pas conseillé. Pas parce qu\u0026rsquo;il est incapable mais parce qu\u0026rsquo;il n\u0026rsquo;est pas optimisé pour le travail et il est peu probable que vous obteniez de bons résultats.\nCela peut sembler idéal pour tester les performances dans le contexte de l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur mais une suite de tests WebDriver sont soumis à de nombreux points de fragilité externe et interne qui échappent à votre contrôle; par exemple la vitesse de démarrage du navigateur, vitesse des serveurs HTTP, réponse des serveurs tiers qui hébergent JavaScript ou CSS, et la pénalité d\u0026rsquo;instrumentation de l\u0026rsquo;implémentation WebDriver elle-même. Une variation à ces points entraînera une variation de vos résultats. Il est difficile de séparer la différence entre les performances de votre site web et la performance des ressources externes, et il est également difficile de dire quelle est la pénalité de performance pour utiliser WebDriver dans le navigateur, surtout si vous injectez des scripts.\nL\u0026rsquo;autre attraction potentielle est \u0026ldquo;gagner du temps\u0026rdquo; - effectuer des tests fonctionnels et de performance en même temps. Cependant, les tests fonctionnels et de performance ont des objectifs opposés. Pour tester la fonctionnalité, un testeur peut devoir être patient et attendre le chargement, mais cela obscurcira les résultats des tests de performances et vice versa.\nPour améliorer les performances de votre site Web, vous devrez être en mesure d\u0026rsquo;analyser les performances globales indépendamment des différences d\u0026rsquo;environnement, identifier les mauvaises pratiques de code, ventilation des performances des ressources individuelles (i.e. CSS ou JavaScript) afin de savoir quoi améliorer. Il existe des outils de test de performance disponibles qui peut déjà faire ce travail, et qui fournissent des rapports et des analyses qui peut même faire des suggestions d\u0026rsquo;amélioration.\nExemples de packages (open source) à utiliser: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Travailler avec des cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un cookie est un petit morceau de données qui est envoyé à partir d\u0026rsquo;un site Web et stocké dans votre ordinateur. Les cookies sont principalement utilisés pour reconnaître l\u0026rsquo;utilisateur et charger les informations stockées.\nL\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver fournit un moyen d\u0026rsquo;interagir avec les cookies avec des méthodes intégrées:\nAdd Cookie Il est utilisé pour ajouter un cookie au contexte de navigation actuel. Ajouter un cookie accepte uniquement un ensemble d\u0026rsquo;objets JSON sérialisables définis. Ici  est le lien vers la liste des valeurs de clé JSON acceptées\nTout d\u0026rsquo;abord, vous devez être sur le domaine où le cookie sera valable. Si vous essayez de prédéfinir des cookies avant vous commencez à interagir avec un site et votre page d\u0026rsquo;accueil est grande / prend un certain temps à charger une alternative consiste à trouver une page plus petite sur le site (généralement la page 404 est petite, par exemple. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie Il renvoie les données de cookie sérialisées correspondant au nom du cookie parmi tous les cookies associés.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies Il renvoie des \u0026lsquo;données de cookie sérialisées réussies\u0026rsquo; pour le contexte de navigation actuel. Si le navigateur n\u0026rsquo;est plus disponible, il renvoie une erreur.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie Il supprime les données de cookie correspondant au nom de cookie fourni.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies Il supprime tous les cookies du contexte de navigation actuel.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute Il permet à un utilisateur de demander aux navigateurs de contrôler si les cookies sont envoyés avec la demande initiée par des sites tiers. Il est introduit pour empêcher les attaques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).\nL\u0026rsquo;attribut de cookie du même site accepte deux paramètres comme instructions\nStrict: Lorsque l\u0026rsquo;attribut sameSite est défini sur Strict, le cookie ne sera pas envoyé avec demandes initiées par des sites Web tiers.\nLax: Lorsque vous définissez un attribut sameSite de cookie sur Lax, le cookie sera envoyé avec le GET demande initiée par un site Web tiers.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Indépendence des tests","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Écrivez chaque test comme sa propre unité. Écrivez les tests d\u0026rsquo;une manière qui ne sera pas dépendant d\u0026rsquo;autres tests pour effectuer:\nDisons qu\u0026rsquo;il existe un système de gestion de contenu avec lequel vous pouvez créer du contenu personnalisé qui apparaît ensuite sur votre site Web sous forme de module après la publication et la synchronisation entre le CMS et le serveur peut prendre un certain temps. application.\nUne mauvaise façon de tester votre module est que le contenu est créé et publié dans un test, puis vérifier le module dans un autre test. Cette n\u0026rsquo;est pas réalisable car le contenu peut ne pas être disponible immédiatement pour le autre test après publication.\nAu lieu de cela, vous pouvez créer un contenu de stub qui peut être activé et désactivé dans le test affecté, et utilisez-le pour valider le module. cependant, pour la création de contenu, vous pouvez toujours avoir un test séparé.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Lignes directrices et recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Lignes directrices et recommandations Une note sur les \u0026ldquo;meilleures pratiques\u0026rdquo;: nous avons intentionnellement évité l\u0026rsquo;expression \u0026ldquo;meilleures Pratiques \u0026ldquo;dans cette documentation. Aucune approche ne fonctionne pour toutes les situations. Nous préférons l\u0026rsquo;idée de \u0026ldquo;Lignes directrices et recommandations\u0026rdquo;. Nous encourageons vous devez les lire et décider de manière réfléchie quelles approches travaillera pour vous dans votre environnement particulier.\nLes tests fonctionnels sont difficiles à obtenir correctement pour de nombreuses raisons. Comme si l'état, la complexité et les dépendances des applications ne rendent pas les tests assez difficiles, gérer les navigateurs (en particulier les incompatibilités entre navigateurs) fait de la rédaction de bons tests un défi.\nSelenium fournit des outils pour faciliter l\u0026rsquo;interaction fonctionnelle des utilisateurs, mais ne vous aide pas à écrire des suites de tests bien conçues. Dans ce chapitre, nous proposons des conseils, des directives et des recommandations sur la façon d\u0026rsquo;aborder l\u0026rsquo;automatisation fonctionnelle des pages Web.\nCe chapitre enregistre les modèles de conception de logiciels populaires parmi de nombreux utilisateurs de sélénium qui ont fait leurs preuves au fil des ans.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxys HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Un serveur proxy sert d\u0026rsquo;intermédiaire pour les demandes entre un client et un serveur. En toute simplicité, le trafic circule via le serveur proxy en route vers l\u0026rsquo;adresse vous avez demandé et retour.\nUn serveur proxy pour les scripts d\u0026rsquo;automatisation avec Le Selenium pourrait être utile pour:\n Capturez le trafic réseau Mock backend calls made by the website Accéder au site Web demandé sous un réseau complexe topologies ou restrictions / politiques d\u0026rsquo;entreprise strictes.  Si vous êtes dans un environnement d\u0026rsquo;entreprise et le navigateur ne parvient pas à se connecter à une URL, c\u0026rsquo;est très probablement parce que l\u0026rsquo;environnement a besoin d\u0026rsquo;un proxy à accéder.\nSelenium WebDriver permet d\u0026rsquo;accéder aux paramètres du proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Recherche de liens","tags":[],"description":"","content":"L\u0026rsquo;utilisation de WebDriver pour parcourir des liens n\u0026rsquo;est pas une pratique recommandée ; non pas parce que cela ne peut pas être fait, mais parce que ce n\u0026rsquo;est certainement pas l\u0026rsquo;outil le plus idéal. WebDriver a besoin de temps pour démarrer, et peut prendre plusieurs secondes jusqu'à une minute en fonction de la façon dont votre test est écrit, juste pour accéder à la page et parcourir le DOM.\nAu lieu d\u0026rsquo;utiliser WebDriver pour cela, vous pourriez économiser un temps considérable en exécutant une commande curl, ou en utilisant une bibliothèque telle que BeautifulSoup, puisque ces méthodes ne reposent pas sur la création d\u0026rsquo;un navigateur et la navigation vers une page. Ainsi, vous gagnez un temps considérable en n\u0026rsquo;utilisant pas WebDriver pour cette tâche.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considerer l&#39;utilisation d&#39;une API fluent","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler a inventé le terme [\u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;](// www.martinfowler.com/bliki/FluentInterface.html). Sélénium déjà implémente quelque chose comme ça dans leur classe FluentWait, qui est conçu comme une alternative à la classe standard Wait. Vous pouvez activer le modèle de conception de l\u0026rsquo;API Fluent dans votre objet de page puis interrogez la page de recherche Google avec un extrait de code comme celui-ci:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); La classe d\u0026rsquo;objets de page Google avec ce comportement fluide pourrait ressembler à ceci:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/","title":"Mauvaises pratiques","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Stratégie de chargement de la page","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Définit la stratégie de chargement des pages de la session en cours. Par défaut, lorsque Selenium WebDriver charge une page, il suit le normal pageLoadStrategy. Il est toujours recommandé d\u0026rsquo;arrêter le téléchargement de ressources (comme les images, css, js) lorsque le chargement de la page prend beaucoup de temps.\nLa propriété document.readyState d\u0026rsquo;un document décrit l'état de chargement du document actuel. Par défaut, WebDriver ne répondra pas à un driver.get() (ou) driver.navigate().to() appeler jusqu'à ce que l'état prêt du document soit complete\nDans les applications SPA (comme Angular, React, Ember) une fois le contenu dynamique est déjà chargé (c\u0026rsquo;est-à-dire une fois que le statut de pageLoadStrategy est COMPLETE), cliquer sur un lien ou effectuer une action dans la page ne fera pas de nouvelle demande sur le serveur car le contenu est chargé dynamiquement côté client sans actualisation de la page d\u0026rsquo;extraction.\nLes applications SPA peuvent charger de nombreuses vues dynamiquement sans aucune demande de serveur, donc pageLoadStrategy affichera toujours l'état COMPLETE jusqu'à nous faisons un nouveau driver.get() et driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy prend en charge les valeurs suivantes:\nnormal Cela obligera Selenium WebDriver à attendre que la page entière soit chargée. Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est réglé sur normal, Selenium WebDriver attend que le load le feu d'événement est renvoyé.\nPar défaut, normal est défini sur le navigateur si aucun n\u0026rsquo;est fourni.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Cela fera attendre Selenium WebDriver jusqu'à ce que le document HTML initial a été complètement chargé et analysé, et supprime le chargement des feuilles de style, des images et des sous-trames.\nLorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est réglé sur eager, Selenium WebDriver attend jusqu'à Le feu d'événement DOMContentLoaded est renvoyé.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Lorsqu\u0026rsquo;il est défini sur none Selenium WebDriver n\u0026rsquo;attend que le téléchargement de la page initiale.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid permet l\u0026rsquo;exécution de scripts WebDriver sur des machines distantes (ou réel) en acheminant les commandes envoyées par le client vers des instances de navigateur distantes. Il vise à fournir un moyen simple d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines.\nSelenium Grid nous permet d\u0026rsquo;exécuter des tests en parallèle sur plusieurs machines, et de gérer les différentes versions et configurations de navigateurs de manière centralisée (au lieu de dans chaque test individuel).\nSelenium Grid n\u0026rsquo;est pas une solution miracle. Il résout un sous-ensemble de problèmes courants de délégation et de distribution, mais ne gérera par exemple pas votre infrastructure, et peut ne pas répondre à vos besoins spécifiques.\nVeuillez noter que Grid 3 n\u0026rsquo;est plus pris en charge et le projet Selenium recommande d\u0026rsquo;utiliser Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Nouveau navigateur par test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Commencez chaque test à partir d\u0026rsquo;un état connu propre. Idéalement, faites tourner une nouvelle machine virtuelle pour chaque test. Si la rotation d\u0026rsquo;une nouvelle machine virtuelle n\u0026rsquo;est pas pratique, démarrez au moins un nouveau WebDriver pour chaque test. Pour Firefox, démarrez un WebDriver avec votre profil connu.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement représente un élément DOM. Les WebElements peuvent être trouvés en recherchant racine du document à l\u0026rsquo;aide d\u0026rsquo;une instance WebDriver ou en recherchant sous une autre WebElement\nL\u0026rsquo;API WebDriver fournit des méthodes intégrées pour trouver les WebElements qui sont basé sur différentes propriétés comme ID, nom, classe, XPath, sélecteurs CSS, texte de lien, etc.\nFind Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher un élément et renvoie une première référence WebElement unique correspondante, qui peut être utilisé pour de futures actions d'élément\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similaire à \u0026ldquo;Rechercher un élément\u0026rdquo;, mais renvoie une liste de WebElements correspondants. Pour utiliser un WebElement particulier de la liste, vous devez parcourir la liste des éléments pour effectuer une action sur l'élément sélectionné.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher un élément enfant dans le contexte de l'élément parent. Pour ce faire, le WebElement parent est chaîné avec \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; pour accéder aux éléments enfants\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element Il est utilisé pour rechercher la liste des WebElements enfants correspondants dans le contexte de l'élément parent. Pour ce faire, le WebElement parent est chaîné avec \u0026ldquo;findElements\u0026rdquo; pour accéder aux éléments enfants\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element Il est utilisé pour suivre (ou) trouver l'élément DOM qui a le focus dans le contexte de navigation actuel.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Clavier","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le clavier représente un événement KeyBoard. Les actions du clavier sont effectuées à l\u0026rsquo;aide de bas niveau interface qui nous permet de fournir une entrée d\u0026rsquo;appareil virtualisé au navigateur Web.\nsendKeys SendKeys tape une séquence de touches dans l'élément DOM même si une séquence de touches de modification est rencontrée. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown Le keyDown est utilisé pour simuler l\u0026rsquo;action d\u0026rsquo;appuyer sur une touche de modification (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp Le keyUp est utilisé pour simuler l\u0026rsquo;action de relâchement (ou) de relâchement de touche d\u0026rsquo;une touche de modification (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Efface le contenu d\u0026rsquo;un élément modifiable. Ceci n\u0026rsquo;est appliqué qu\u0026rsquo;aux éléments modifiables et interactifs, sinon le sélénium renvoie l\u0026rsquo;erreur (état d'élément invalide (ou) élément non interactif)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Singularités du Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Singularités du Driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/","title":"Packages de support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Packages de support "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy Sous cette section, vous trouverez toute la documentation relative aux composants hérités de Selenium. Ceci est destiné à être conservé uniquement pour des raisons historiques et non comme une incitation à utiliser Composants.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Site &amp; Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium est un gros projet logiciel, son site et sa documentation sont essentiels comprendre comment les choses fonctionnent et apprendre des moyens efficaces d\u0026rsquo;exploiter son potentiel.\nCe projet contient à la fois le site et la documentation de Selenium. C\u0026rsquo;est un effort continu (qui ne vise aucune version spécifique) pour fournir des informations mises à jour sur la façon d\u0026rsquo;utiliser efficacement le sélénium, impliqués et comment contribuer au sélénium.\nLes contributions vers le site et les documents suivent le processus décrit dans la section ci-dessous sur les contributions. Tu devrais passer du temps vous familiariser avec la documentation en lisant en savoir plus.\nLe projet Selenium accueille les contributions de tous. Il y a un plusieurs façons d\u0026rsquo;aider:\nSignaler un problème Lorsque vous signalez un nouveau problème ou commentez un problème existant, veuillez assurez-vous que les discussions sont liées à des problèmes techniques concrets avec le Logiciel Selenium, son site et / ou sa documentation.\nTous les composants Selenium changent assez rapidement au fil du temps, donc cela peut rendre la documentation obsolète. Si vous trouvez cela être le cas, comme mentionné, ne doutez pas de créer un problème pour cela. Il est également possible que vous sachiez comment mettre à jour documentation, merci de nous envoyer une pull request avec les informations changements.\nSi vous n'êtes pas sûr que ce que vous avez trouvé soit un problème ou non, Si vous n'êtes pas sûr que ce que vous avez trouvé soit un problème ou non, veuillez demander par les canaux de communication décrits à https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions Le projet Selenium accueille de nouveaux contributeurs. Les individus qui font des contributions importantes et précieuses au fil du temps sont faites Committers et donné un accès de validation au projet.\nCe guide vous guidera tout au long du processus de contribution.\nStep 1: Fork Fork le projet sur Github et vérifiez votre copie localement.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dépendances: Hugo Nous utilisons Hugo pour construire et rendre le site et les documents. Pour tout vérifier localement avant même de commettre des modifications, veuillez installez Hugo, familiarisez-vous avec elle et exécutez le serveur local pour rendre le site localement (des instructions détaillées peuvent être trouvées dans le prochaines étapes).\nStep 2: Branch Créez une branche de fonctionnalité et lancez le piratage:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch Nous pratiquons le développement basé sur HEAD, ce qui signifie que tous les changements sont appliqués directement sur le dessus du maître.\nStep 3: Faire des changements Le référentiel contient le site et les documents, qui sont deux Hugo séparés projets. Si vous souhaitez apporter des modifications au site, travaillez sur le répertoire site_source_files. Pour voir un aperçu en direct de vos modifications, exécutez hugo server sur le répertoire racine du site.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server Pour apporter des modifications aux documents, basculez vers le répertoire docs_source_files.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server Les documents sont traduits en plusieurs langues et les traductions sont basées sur le contenu anglais. Lorsque vous modifiez un fichier, assurez-vous de changements dans tous les autres fichiers traduits également. Cela peut différer selon sur le changement, par exemple:\n Si vous ajoutez un exemple de code au fichier browser_manipulation.en.md, ajoutez-le également à browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, et tous les autres fichiers traduits. Si vous trouvez une traduction qui peut être améliorée, ne modifiez que la traduction fichier. Si vous ajoutez une nouvelle traduction linguistique, ajoutez les nouveaux fichiers avec le suffixe approprié. Il n\u0026rsquo;est pas nécessaire de tout traduire pour soumettre un PR, cela peut être fait de manière itérative. N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas de vérifier certaines configurations nécessaires dans le fichier config.toml. Si vous apportez des modifications au texte dans la version anglaise, remplacez la même section dans les fichiers traduits avec votre modification (oui, en anglais), et ajoutez ce qui suit remarquez en haut du fichier.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit Assurez-vous d\u0026rsquo;abord que git connaît votre nom et votre adresse e-mail:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Il est important d'écrire de bons messages de validation. Un message de validation devrait décrire ce qui a changé, pourquoi et les problèmes de référence résolus (si tout). Suivez ces directives lorsque vous en rédigez une:\n La première ligne doit contenir environ 50 caractères ou moins et contenir un brève description du changement. Laissez la deuxième ligne vierge. Enveloppez toutes les autres lignes sur 72 colonnes. Incluez Fixes #N, où N est le numéro de problème du commit corrections, le cas échéant.  Un bon message de validation peut ressembler à ceci:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 La première ligne doit être significative car c\u0026rsquo;est ce que les gens voient lorsqu\u0026rsquo;ils exécutez git shortlog ou git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Utilisez git rebase (et non git merge) pour synchroniser votre travail de temps en temps.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test N\u0026rsquo;oubliez pas de exécuter le serveur local, avec cela, vous pouvez être sûr que vos modifications n\u0026rsquo;ont rien cassé.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Accédez à _https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git_ et appuyez sur la Pull Request et remplissez le formulaire. Indiquez s\u0026rsquo;il vous plait que vous avez signé le CLA (voir l'étape 7).\nLes demandes d\u0026rsquo;extraction sont généralement examinées en quelques jours. S\u0026rsquo;il y a commentaires à adresser, appliquez vos modifications dans les nouveaux commits (de préférence fixups) et pousser à la même chose branche.\nStep 8: Integration Lorsque la révision du code est terminée, un committer prendra votre PR et l\u0026rsquo;intégrer dans la branche principale du référentiel. Parce que nous aimons garder un histoire linéaire sur la branche principale, nous allons normalement écraser et rebaser l\u0026rsquo;historique de votre succursale.\nCommunication Tous les détails sur la façon de communiquer avec les contributeurs du projet et la communauté dans son ensemble se trouve sur https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/","title":"Le Projet d&#39;Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Le Projet d\u0026rsquo;Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium Selenium est projet englobant un éventail d\u0026rsquo;outils et de librairies permettant l\u0026rsquo;automtisation des navigateurs internet.\nIl fournit des extensions afin d'émuler des interactions utilisateur avec les navigateurs, un serveur de distribution permettant la mise à l'échelle de l\u0026rsquo;allocation de navigateur ainsi que l\u0026rsquo;infrastructure pour l\u0026rsquo;implémentation de la spécification W3C WebDriver permettant l'écriture de code interchangeable pour tous les principaux navigateurs.\nCe projet est rendu possible grâce au contributeurs volontaires ayant investi des milliers d\u0026rsquo;heures de leur temps et rendu le code source disponible librement à quiconque souhaitant l\u0026rsquo;utiliser et l\u0026rsquo;améliorer ou simplement s\u0026rsquo;amuser.\nSelenium rassemble distributeurs de navigateur, ingénieurs et entousiastes pour favoriser une discussion ouverte autour de l\u0026rsquo;automatisation de la platerforme web. Le projet organise une conférence annuelle afin d\u0026rsquo;entretenir cette communauté.\nAu coeur de Selenium se trouve WebDriver, une interface permettant d'écrire des instructions pouvant être exécutées indifférement par de nombreux navigateurs. Voici par exemple une des plus simples instructions disponibles:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Suivez le Quick Tour pour une explication complète de ce qu\u0026rsquo;il se passe derrière ces exemples de code. Il est conseillé de poursuivre cette documentation narrative afin de voir comment installer et utiliser Selenium en tant qu\u0026rsquo;outil d\u0026rsquo;automatisation de test, ainsi que pour mettre à l\u0026rsquo;echelle l\u0026rsquo;exécution de tels tests sur de larges environnements distribués, avec de multiples navigateurs et des systèmes d\u0026rsquo;exploitation différents.\nGetting started Si Selenium est nouveau pour vous, nous vous proposons quelques ressources qui pourront vous aider à vous mettre à niveau très rapidement.\n Tour rapide  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 71e79b637339..43fe24d4984a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>A propos de cette documentation :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 votre contribution sera plus que bienvenue !
 Nous pouvons mettre à jour cette documentation,
 mais c&rsquo;est beaucoup plus facile pour tout le monde
-lorsque nous recevons des contributions venant de nouvelles personnes.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“A propos de cette documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types  de test"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/ title="Installation de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+lorsque nous recevons des contributions venant de nouvelles personnes.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“A propos de cette documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types  de test"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/ title="Installation de Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/introduction/index.html b/documentation/fr/introduction/index.html
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--- a/documentation/fr/introduction/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class="dd-item
 parent
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>中文简体</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Introduction</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=introduction>Introduction</h1><p>Selenium est un projet englobant un ensemble d&rsquo;outil et de librairies rendant possible l&rsquo;automatisation de navigateur web.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>“Introduction”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Introduction</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=introduction>Introduction</h1><p>Selenium est un projet englobant un ensemble d&rsquo;outil et de librairies rendant possible l&rsquo;automatisation de navigateur web.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>“Introduction”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
index 9daea3ff9d6b..6a25541fc34b 100644
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+++ b/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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@@ -440,5 +440,5 @@
 le temps de construire l&rsquo;automatisation des tests. À court terme, les tests manuels peuvent être plus
 efficace. Si une demande a un délai très serré, il n’existe actuellement aucun
 l&rsquo;automatisation des tests est disponible, et il est impératif que les tests soient effectués dans les
-ce délai, puis le test manuel est la meilleure solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/>“A propos du test automatisé”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types  de test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ce délai, puis le test manuel est la meilleure solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/>“A propos du test automatisé”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types  de test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -164,5 +164,5 @@
 et en leur demandant de prendre la responsabilité des implémentations back-end, orientées navigateur.
 Récemment, ce travail est devenu un processus de normalisation du W3C
 où l&rsquo;objectif est de transformer le composant WebDriver dans Selenium
-dans la bibliothèque de contrôle à distance <em>du jeur</em> pour les agents utilisateurs.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Le projet Selenium et les outils”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="A propos du test automatisé" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+dans la bibliothèque de contrôle à distance <em>du jeur</em> pour les agents utilisateurs.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Le projet Selenium et les outils”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="A propos du test automatisé" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index 276bdf844f2d..b19d0c9b8859 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -144,5 +144,5 @@
 tels que <strong><em>Concombre</em></strong> ou <strong><em>SpecFlow.</em></strong></p><p>Un ensemble d&rsquo;outils est construit sur Selenium pour rendre ce processus
 encore plus rapide en transformant directement les spécifications BDD en
 code exécutable.
-Certains d&rsquo;entre eux sont <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara et Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types de test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="A propos du test automatisé"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="A propos de cette documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Certains d&rsquo;entre eux sont <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara et Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types de test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="A propos du test automatisé"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="A propos de cette documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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index 0a9ea4ebe636..708ea1d87c7a 100644
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+++ b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -145,5 +145,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“Runner HTML”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“Runner HTML”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/index.html
index 3deeccc7e653..cfdb4687e620 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/index.html
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-<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Legacy :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/legacy_docs/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Legacy</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=legacy>Legacy</h1><p>Sous cette section, vous trouverez toute la documentation relative aux
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index b5aa868f0aec..fc7c696ac524 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -221,5 +221,5 @@
 JS et l'évaluera comme une expression anonyme. Cela
 signifie que vous devez utiliser le mot-clé &ldquo;retour&rdquo;:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>devient:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="Runner HTML" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="Runner HTML" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 8a6e9094de5e..fdb591960b67 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Le serveur Remote WebDriver :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -142,5 +142,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Le serveur Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Le serveur Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index 415201ed3a46..5e201c559fee 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
-field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="Runner HTML"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Le serveur Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="Runner HTML"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Le serveur Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 9f90faa67d48..384f927e5bc6 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -1006,5 +1006,5 @@
 you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative
 locator that only works in IE.</p><h3 id=error-encountered---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-with-shut-down-of--googlechrome--browser>Error encountered - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=error-encountered-in-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Error encountered in IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker
-AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/index.html
index d3578017e5a1..1805e7966e4c 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 localement. La principale différence est qu’un WebDriver distant doit être
 configuré pour qu&rsquo;il puisse exécuter vos tests sur une machine distincte.</p><p>Un WebDriver distant est composé de deux éléments: un client et un
 serveur. Le client est votre test WebDriver et le serveur est simplement un
-Servlet Java, qui peut être hébergé sur n&rsquo;importe quel serveur d&rsquo;application JEE moderne.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Clavier><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Le client Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Servlet Java, qui peut être hébergé sur n&rsquo;importe quel serveur d&rsquo;application JEE moderne.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Clavier><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Le client Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index bf6da541ce7e..72fbb03a750a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -379,5 +379,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Le client Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Lignes directrices et recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Le client Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Lignes directrices et recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/index.html b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/index.html
index b93373119995..5e9c5ebc4f1a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 linguistiques pour la langue de votre choix. De plus,
 vous aurez besoin des fichiers binaires WebDriver pour
 les navigateurs sur lesquels vous souhaitez
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>L&rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour Ruby peut être effectuée à l&rsquo;aide de gem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>L&rsquo;installation des bibliothèques Selenium pour JavaScript peut être effectuée à l&rsquo;aide de npm:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installer les librairies Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/ title="Installation de Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installer les binaires WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installer les librairies Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/ title="Installation de Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installer les binaires WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index 7321de8e5c90..d22245723337 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Installer le serveur Standalone :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installer le serveur Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installer les binaires WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Débuter avec WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installer le serveur Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installer les binaires WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Débuter avec WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index 734e1fddcee6..40ca193b489e 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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+votre navigateur et placez-le dans le <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/>CHEMIN système</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“Installer les binaires WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installer les librairies Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installer le serveur Standalone" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml b/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml
index 33a4118ea415..bef9be10c54e 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml
+++ b/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
index 0ca9efd3307f..b62aef34fced 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -493,5 +493,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Travailler avec des cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Travailler avec des cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/index.html
index dea6e9fcc07f..dcbcb7f25dcf 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/ selected>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Packages de support</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=packages-de-support>Packages de support</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/>“Packages de support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capabilities spécifiques du Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Travailler avec les couleurs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > Packages de support</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=packages-de-support>Packages de support</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/>“Packages de support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Capabilities spécifiques du Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Travailler avec les couleurs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index fc65e0f04318..fc387384d690 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Actions de la souris en détail :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -1208,5 +1208,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Actions de la souris en détail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Travailler avec les éléments select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Travailler avec des cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Actions de la souris en détail”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Travailler avec les éléments select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Travailler avec des cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 8b4f0c4f5c7c..52c400fce5ac 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Travailler avec les couleurs :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231153 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -328,5 +328,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Les couleurs ne sont plus un problème.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Travailler avec les couleurs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/ title="Packages de support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Travailler avec les éléments select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Les couleurs ne sont plus un problème.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Travailler avec les couleurs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/ title="Packages de support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Travailler avec les éléments select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index 4e3867cd7cad..b6c4327098b4 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Travailler avec des cookies :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -819,5 +819,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }  
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Travailler avec des cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Actions de la souris en détail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Travailler avec des cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Actions de la souris en détail"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 96ec23c20235..e1aa5bc99e03 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Travailler avec les éléments select :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -401,5 +401,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Travailler avec les éléments select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Travailler avec les couleurs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Actions de la souris en détail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Travailler avec les éléments select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Travailler avec les couleurs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Actions de la souris en détail" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/tags/index.html b/documentation/fr/tags/index.html
index a03c8863c37e..5f2a60420c76 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/tags/index.html
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 89cff8a9c8ee..82b431bb68fd 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulation du navigateur"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulation du navigateur"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 0c6a0f4b3b3a..d002baf5aa9a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -1444,5 +1444,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode29 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulation du navigateur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localiser des éléments"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulation du navigateur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localiser des éléments"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 370e536c43a4..2c8f2e827890 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -623,5 +623,5 @@
 <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>depuis le 5 août</a>,
 Ainsi, même si le Web continuera de changer, PhantomJS ne sera pas mis à jour.
 Ce fut après que Google a annoncé la possibilité d&rsquo;exécuter Chrome sans tête,
-quelque chose aussi maintenant offert par Firefox de Mozilla.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Les pré-requis de WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Comprendre les composants"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localiser des éléments" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+quelque chose aussi maintenant offert par Firefox de Mozilla.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Les pré-requis de WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Comprendre les composants"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localiser des éléments" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index 696f83f13a43..cf5376c0910f 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -208,5 +208,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxys HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Stratégie de chargement de la page" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxys HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Stratégie de chargement de la page" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/index.html
index ddad088590f4..8cdfeda201aa 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 marque un bond en avant en termes d&rsquo;automatisation du navigateur.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver fait référence aux deux liaisons de langue
 et les implémentations du code de contrôle de navigateur individuel.
 Ceci est communément appelé simplement <em>WebDriver</em>.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver est une <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>recommandation du W3C</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver est conçu comme un simple
-et une interface de programmation plus concise.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver est une API orientée objet compacte.</p></li><li><p>Il pilote efficacement le navigateur.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driver tiers et plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Comprendre les composants" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+et une interface de programmation plus concise.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver est une API orientée objet compacte.</p></li><li><p>Il pilote efficacement le navigateur.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Driver tiers et plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Comprendre les composants" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index 89a9cdb0fce3..b12dee83e721 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -389,5 +389,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxys HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxys HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index 9d915b323278..0bbe07c5144a 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -580,5 +580,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/>“Clavier”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/>“Clavier”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index 1e0401836b14..bb6e0ca2d7e8 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Localiser des éléments :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -453,5 +453,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localiser des éléments”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Les pré-requis de WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulation du navigateur" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localiser des éléments”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Les pré-requis de WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulation du navigateur" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index f760fcd522b6..2c5633999dc6 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Stratégie de chargement de la page :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -405,5 +405,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Stratégie de chargement de la page”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxys HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Stratégie de chargement de la page”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxys HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index afdc13d47276..094864225871 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/support_classes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>Comme le montre l&rsquo;exemple:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> sera créé dans le thread principal</li><li>Nous utilisons Java <code>Runnable</code> pour lancer un nouveau processus et un nouveau <code>Thread</code> pour exécuter le processus</li><li>Les deux <code>Thread</code> s&rsquo;affrontent car le Thread principal n&rsquo;a pas<code> protectedDriver</code> dans sa mémoire.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lèvera une exception.</li></ul><h4 id=remarque>Remarque:</h4><p>Cela ne remplace pas la nécessité d&rsquo;utiliser <code>ThreadLocal</code> pour gérer les pilotes lors de l&rsquo;exécution en parallèle.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/>“Classes de support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>Comme le montre l&rsquo;exemple:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> sera créé dans le thread principal</li><li>Nous utilisons Java <code>Runnable</code> pour lancer un nouveau processus et un nouveau <code>Thread</code> pour exécuter le processus</li><li>Les deux <code>Thread</code> s&rsquo;affrontent car le Thread principal n&rsquo;a pas<code> protectedDriver</code> dans sa mémoire.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lèvera une exception.</li></ul><h4 id=remarque>Remarque:</h4><p>Cela ne remplace pas la nécessité d&rsquo;utiliser <code>ThreadLocal</code> pour gérer les pilotes lors de l&rsquo;exécution en parallèle.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/>“Classes de support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alerts, prompts et confirmations Javascript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index 29fabadff3f6..776a1ba52a3d 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Comprendre les composants :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 et les étapes connexes dans vos tests. En tant que tel, vous pouvez penser qu&rsquo;il ressemble à
 à l&rsquo;image suivante.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="Cadre de test"></p><p>Des cadres / outils en langage naturel tels que le concombre peuvent exister dans le cadre de cette
 Test Framework cadre dans la figure ci-dessus, ou ils peuvent envelopper le Test Framework
-entièrement dans leur propre mise en œuvre.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Comprendre les composants”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Les pré-requis de WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+entièrement dans leur propre mise en œuvre.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Comprendre les composants”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Les pré-requis de WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/index.html
index ce4207ff6778..ad86e22a3152 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Waits :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/waits/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -546,5 +546,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index 7e8ec5d32ce9..eca16a9caace 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web element :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231153></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web element :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -952,5 +952,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Stratégie de chargement de la page"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Clavier style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Stratégie de chargement de la page"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Clavier style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index e9f2906b10db..b6dbf6c40b76 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Supprimer l'historique</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Modifier la page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.fr.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Modifier la page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/>Le Projet d'Automatisation de Navigateur Selenium</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/>Mauvaises pratiques</a> > Captchas</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Captchas</h1><p>CAPTCHA, abréviation de <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em>,
 est explicitement conçu pour empêcher l&rsquo;automatisation, alors n&rsquo;essayez pas!
-Il existe deux stratégies principales pour contourner les vérifications CAPTCHA:</p><ul><li>Désactivez CAPTCHA dans votre environnement de test</li><li>Ajoutez un &ldquo;hook&rdquo; pour permettre aux tests de contourner le CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Authentication à double facteur"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Téléchargement de fichier" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Il existe deux stratégies principales pour contourner les vérifications CAPTCHA:</p><ul><li>Désactivez CAPTCHA dans votre environnement de test</li><li>Ajoutez un &ldquo;hook&rdquo; pour permettre aux tests de contourner le CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Authentication à double facteur"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Téléchargement de fichier" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index 88f6a8efc54d..1940231977de 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Téléchargement de fichier :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 et le passer à une bibliothèque de requêtes HTTP comme
 <a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to French. Do you speak French? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Téléchargement de fichier”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Codes réponse HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Téléchargement de fichier”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Codes réponse HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index 5512039a2c45..0df4cd8ecbf7 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239584></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 annotent également l&rsquo;objet <code>navigator</code>
 avec une propriété <code>WebDriver</code>
 afin que les attaques par déni de service
-puissent être atténuées.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Codes réponse HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dépendance des tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+puissent être atténuées.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Codes réponse HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dépendance des tests" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 49802a9be0f5..fd7274b7ddce 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Codes réponse HTTP :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Rechercher...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -137,5 +137,5 @@
 met les codes de réponse à la disposition de WebDriver,
 donc choisir d&rsquo;utiliser un proxy
 vous permet d&rsquo;avoir une solution qui
-fonctionne pour chaque navigateur.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Codes réponse HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Téléchargement de fichier"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+fonctionne pour chaque navigateur.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Codes réponse HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Téléchargement de fichier"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/index.html
index 86b2284c8ff7..814460b57fa4 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index 2b8f85a4fe4a..9abeba29b347 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 sur la création d&rsquo;un navigateur et la
 navigation vers une page. Ainsi, vous gagnez un
 temps considérable en n&rsquo;utilisant pas WebDriver pour
-cette tâche.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Recherche de liens”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Test de performance"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+cette tâche.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Recherche de liens”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Test de performance"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 672591dc4f24..91d291d408e7 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231153></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231153></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
+<!doctype html><html lang=fr class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Test de performance :: Documentation Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239584 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@
 Il existe des outils de test de performance disponibles
 qui peut déjà faire ce travail,
 et qui fournissent des rapports et des analyses
-qui peut même faire des suggestions d&rsquo;amélioration.</p><p>Exemples de packages (open source) à utiliser: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Test de performance”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dépendance des tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Recherche de liens" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+qui peut même faire des suggestions d&rsquo;amélioration.</p><p>Exemples de packages (open source) à utiliser: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Test de performance”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dépendance des tests"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Recherche de liens" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index 8c570c681279..be229018aa75 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 concerne la spécificité de l&rsquo;ordre des tests. Vos tests
 devraient pouvoir s&rsquo;exécuter dans <strong>n&rsquo;importe quel</strong> ordre,
-et ne pas compter sur d&rsquo;autres tests pour réussir.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“Dépendance des tests”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Connexion à Gmail, Facebook et les emails"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Test de performance" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index ba37c97a4941..64a5d0dc53cb 100644
--- a/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239584></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/fr";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239584></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/ title="Pour débuter" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Pour débuter
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rapide" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/quick/>Tour rapide
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Le projet Selenium et les outils" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Le projet Selenium et les outils
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 l&rsquo;automatisation de l&rsquo;authentification à double facteur.</p><p>Voici quelques solutions pour contouner la vérification A2F :</p><ul><li>Désactiver la A2F pour certains utilisateurs, dans l&rsquo;environnement de
 test, afin de pouvoir utiliser leurs identifiants dans l&rsquo;automatisation.</li><li>Désactiver la A2F dans l&rsquo;environnement de test.</li><li>Désactiver la A2F si la connexion s&rsquo;effectue depuis certaines adresses
 IP. De cette manière, en renseignant Selenium avec ces adresses IP, il
-pourra exclure la A2F.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Authentication à double facteur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/ title="Mauvaises pratiques"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231153></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231153></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231153></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231153 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231153></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+pourra exclure la A2F.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Authentication à double facteur”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/ title="Mauvaises pratiques"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239584></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239584></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239584></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239584 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239584></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/404.html b/documentation/ja/404.html
index 90c34ee98a19..d177ce3dcc79 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/404.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>エラー</h1><p></p><p>おっと。ページが見当たりません。 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja>ホームページへ行く</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>エラー</h1><p></p><p>おっと。ページが見当たりません。 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja>ホームページへ行く</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/categories/index.html b/documentation/ja/categories/index.html
index 9ed1459de54d..f30bd85551dc 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/contributing/index.html b/documentation/ja/contributing/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/ja/contributing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -130,5 +130,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=ステップ-6-テスト>ステップ 6: テスト</h3><p>あなたの変更が何も問題を起こしていないことを確認するため、常に忘れずに<a href=https://gohugo.io/getting-started/usage/#livereload>ローカルサーバーの実行</a>を行ってください。</p><h3 id=ステップ-7-プッシュ>ステップ 7: プッシュ</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>% git push origin my-feature-branch
 </code></pre></div><p><a href=https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git>https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git</a> を開き、_Pull Request_を押し、フォームを入力してください。 <strong>CLAに署名したことを示してください</strong> (ステップ7を参照)</p><p>プルリクエストは通常数日以内にレビューされます。対応すべきコメントがある場合は、新しく(できれば
 <a href=http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit>fixups</a>で)コミットし、同じブランチにプッシュしてください。</p><h3 id=ステップ-8-統合>ステップ 8: 統合</h3><p>コードレビューが完了すると、コミッターがPRを取得し、リポジトリのtrunkブランチに統合します。
-マスターブランチで履歴を線形に保持するのが好きなので、通常はブランチの履歴をスカッシュしてリベースします。</p><h2 id=コミュニケーション>コミュニケーション</h2><p>プロジェクトのコントリビューターおよびコミュニティ全体と交流する方法については、全て <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a> で詳細が記載されています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/contributing/>“Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントに貢献する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+マスターブランチで履歴を線形に保持するのが好きなので、通常はブランチの履歴をスカッシュしてリベースします。</p><h2 id=コミュニケーション>コミュニケーション</h2><p>プロジェクトのコントリビューターおよびコミュニティ全体と交流する方法については、全て <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a> で詳細が記載されています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/contributing/>“Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントに貢献する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index baaea8c87e5b..6e8507440ccc 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ドライバー固有の機能 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -652,5 +652,5 @@
     }
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-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“ドライバー固有の機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共有Capabilities><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/ title=サポートパッケージ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“ドライバー固有の機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共有Capabilities><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/ title=サポートパッケージ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index 0fa25732c106..f71f3a945ac0 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > ドライバーの特異性</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=ドライバーの特異性>ドライバーの特異性</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“ドライバーの特異性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=グリッドエンドポイント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共有Capabilities style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > ドライバーの特異性</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=ドライバーの特異性>ドライバーの特異性</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“ドライバーの特異性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=グリッドエンドポイント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共有Capabilities style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index 14b2b9ec38af..427bf1b48f98 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>共有Capabilities :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -117,5 +117,5 @@
 このため、 <code>getWindowRect</code> でウィンドウの状態/詳細を取得しても、
 ブラウザーに設定された値と等しく一致しない場合があります。</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>この新しいcapabilityは、厳密な相互作用チェックを <em>input type = file</em> 要素に適用する必要があるかどうかを示します。
 厳密な相互作用チェックはデフォルトでオフになっているため、隠しファイルのアップロードコントロールで <em>Element Send Keys</em>
-を使用する場合の動作が変更されます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“共有Capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=ドライバーの特異性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title=ドライバー固有の機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+を使用する場合の動作が変更されます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“共有Capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=ドライバーの特異性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title=ドライバー固有の機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index ffbc4646e298..e1ce447737ef 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>著作権と帰属 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1259,5 +1259,5 @@
    本ライセンスに基づいて頒布されるソフトウェアは、明示黙示を問わず、
    いかなる保証も条件もなしに「現状のまま」頒布されます。
    本ライセンスでの権利と制限を規定した文言については、本ライセンスを参照してください。
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“著作権と帰属”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/ title=奥付け><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title=表記規則 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“著作権と帰属”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/ title=奥付け><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title=表記規則 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/ja/front_matter/index.html
index 1ef3697ef9d3..6c6a5e5e585a 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>奥付け :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/front_matter/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/front_matter/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 奥付け</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=奥付け>奥付け</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>“奥付け”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=リモートWebDriverサーバー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 奥付け</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=奥付け>奥付け</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>“奥付け”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=リモートWebDriverサーバー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 1d6128f93d1e..11c0fce991a4 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>表記規則 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 つまり、文は句間の自然な区切りで分割されます。
 すべての段落が右マージンの近くで終了するように各段落の行を混乱させるのではなく、
 アイデアが途切れる場所であればどこでも改行を追加できます。</p><p>これにより、gitを使用して共同作業するときにdiffを非常に読みやすくすることができますが、
-使用するコントリビューターに強制するものではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“表記規則”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+使用するコントリビューターに強制するものではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“表記規則”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=著作権と帰属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/ja/getting_started/index.html
index 04d7a6f7c62e..875f0053cc55 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>はじめる :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
 parent
 active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > はじめる</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=getting-started>Getting started</h1><p>もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>“はじめる”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/ title=Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > はじめる</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=getting-started>Getting started</h1><p>もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>“はじめる”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/ title=Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/index.html
index e84b1b2793c4..cb11dbf27af8 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>クイックツアー :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 これは時間の節約だけでなく、Seleniumスクリプトのシンタックスを学ぶための優れた方法です。</p><h2 id=grid>Grid</h2><p>Selenium Grid を使用すると、さまざまなプラットフォームのさまざまなマシンでテストケースを実行できます。
 テストケースの起動の制御はローカル端末で行われ、テストケースが起動されると、
 リモート端末によって自動的に実行されます。</p><p>WebDriverテストの開発後、複数のブラウザーとオペレーティングシステムの組み合わせでテストを実行する必要が出てくる場合があります。
-ここで <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a></em> が登場します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>“クイックツアー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ここで <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a></em> が登場します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>“クイックツアー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 10198134a3ba..9857d81ab451 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ブラウザ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ブラウザ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/>WebDriverをはじめよう</a> > ブラウザ</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#一般のブラウザ>一般のブラウザ</a></li><li><a href=#専用のブラウザ>専用のブラウザ</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>ブラウザ</h1><h2 id=一般のブラウザ>一般のブラウザ</h2><p>Seleniumフレームワークは公式に以下のブラウザをサポートしています。</p><table><thead><tr><th>ブラウザ</th><th>メンテナ</th><th>サポートバージョン</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>全てのバージョン</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 以上</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 以上</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 以上</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 以上</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 以上</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=専用のブラウザ>専用のブラウザ</h2><p>それ以外に専用のブラウザがあります。これらは通常は開発環境で使用されます。
 これらのブラウザを自動化の目的で使用することができます。
-Seleniumは次の専用のブラウザをサポートしています。</p><table><thead><tr><th>ドライバー名</th><th>用途</th><th>メンテナ</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Rhinoバックエンドのヘッドレスブラウザエミュレーター</td><td>Seleniumプロジェクト</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“ブラウザ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title=WebDriverをはじめよう><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Seleniumは次の専用のブラウザをサポートしています。</p><table><thead><tr><th>ドライバー名</th><th>用途</th><th>メンテナ</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Rhinoバックエンドのヘッドレスブラウザエミュレーター</td><td>Seleniumプロジェクト</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“ブラウザ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title=WebDriverをはじめよう><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index dd2f71d6e18d..304e277f89ac 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriverをはじめよう :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 WebDriverとはAPI群とプロトコルです。これらはウェブブラウザの動作をコントロールするための言語中立なインターフェイスを定義しています。
 それぞれのブラウザは特定のWebDriverの実装を持っており、これらは <em>driver</em> と呼ばれます。
 driverはブラウザに委譲する責務を持つコンポーネントであり、Seleniumとブラウザ間の通信を処理します。</p><p>この分離は、ブラウザベンダーに自分たちのブラウザでの実装の責任を持たせるための意図的な努力のひとつです。
-Seleniumは可能な場合これらのサードパーティ製のdriverを使いますが、それが現実的でない場合のためにプロジェクトでメンテナンスしているdriverも提供しています。</p><p>Seleniumフレームワークはこれら全ての要素をユーザ向けのインターフェイスを通して結びつけます。このインターフェイスは異なるブラウザバックエンドを透過的に使えるようにし、クロスブラウザ・クロスプラットフォームの自動化を可能にします。</p><p>driverのより詳しい資料は<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Idiosyncrasies</a>にあります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“WebDriverをはじめよう”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=スタンドアロンサーバのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=ブラウザ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Seleniumは可能な場合これらのサードパーティ製のdriverを使いますが、それが現実的でない場合のためにプロジェクトでメンテナンスしているdriverも提供しています。</p><p>Seleniumフレームワークはこれら全ての要素をユーザ向けのインターフェイスを通して結びつけます。このインターフェイスは異なるブラウザバックエンドを透過的に使えるようにし、クロスブラウザ・クロスプラットフォームの自動化を可能にします。</p><p>driverのより詳しい資料は<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Idiosyncrasies</a>にあります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“WebDriverをはじめよう”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=スタンドアロンサーバのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=ブラウザ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index 18eca9c6db20..82a609c3fd0d 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/>WebDriverをはじめよう</a> > サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン</h1><p>Seleniumはプラグインを通して拡張することができます。ここにはサードパーティによって作られたいくつかのプラグインがあります。
 独自のプラグインを作成する、またはリストする方法についてはドキュメントを参照してください。</p><p>これらのプラグインはSeleniumプロジェクトによってサポート、メンテナンス、主催、承認されているものではないことに注意してください。加えて、以下にリストされているプラグインは必ずしもApache License v.2.0によってライセンスされているわけではありません。
-いくつかは他のフリーかつオープンソースのライセンス下で使用可能であり、他のいくつかはプロプライエタリなライセンスの下でのみ使用可能です。プラグインとその配布ライセンスに関するどんな質問も、それぞれの開発者に対して上げる必要があります。</p><table><thead><tr><th>ブラウザ</th><th>最新版</th><th>変更履歴</th><th>イシュートラッカー</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>変更履歴</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>変更履歴</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>ビルトイン</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=ブラウザ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+いくつかは他のフリーかつオープンソースのライセンス下で使用可能であり、他のいくつかはプロプライエタリなライセンスの下でのみ使用可能です。プラグインとその配布ライセンスに関するどんな質問も、それぞれの開発者に対して上げる必要があります。</p><table><thead><tr><th>ブラウザ</th><th>最新版</th><th>変更履歴</th><th>イシュートラッカー</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>変更履歴</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>変更履歴</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>ビルトイン</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>イシュートラッカー</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=ブラウザ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index f37f46b29bd6..bcd534626944 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>グリッドのコンポーネント :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 ハブは、テストが委任される1つ以上のノードを接続します。</p><h2 id=ノード>ノード</h2><ul><li>ブラウザが存在する場所</li><li>ハブに自分自身を登録し、その機能を伝えます</li><li>ハブからリクエストを受信して実行します</li></ul><p><em>ノード</em> は、個々のコンピューターシステムでテストを実行するさまざまなSeleniumインスタンスです。
 グリッドには多くのノードが存在する場合があります。
 ノードであるマシンは、ハブまたは他のノードと同じプラットフォームであったり、同じブラウザーを選定する必要はありません。
-Windows上のノードは、Internet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能を備えている場合がありますが、これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“グリッドのコンポーネント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Windows上のノードは、Internet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能を備えている場合がありますが、これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“グリッドのコンポーネント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/index.html
index f519fad9f82f..068694a2b77e 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 テストはハブに接続して、リモートブラウザーインスタンスへのアクセスを取得します。
 ハブには、アクセスを提供する登録済みサーバーのリストがあり、これらのインスタンスを制御できます。</p><p>Selenium Gridを使用すると、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、さまざまなブラウザーバージョンとブラウザー構成を（個々のテストではなく）一元的に管理できます。</p><p>Selenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。
 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。</p><p><strong>Grid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> の使用を推奨します。</strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=グリッドを使用する場合><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> の使用を推奨します。</strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=グリッドを使用する場合><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 3b7cb8c7ad37..64ec0d79769a 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -172,5 +172,5 @@
 これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 <a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><h2 id=docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</h2><p><a href=//www.docker.com/>Docker</a> は、コンテナと呼ばれる単位でSelenium Gridインフラストラクチャをプロビジョニングおよびスケーリングする便利な方法を提供します。
 コンテナは、さまざまなマシンで信頼性と再現性のある方法で、すべての依存関係を含む目的のアプリケーションを実行するために必要なすべてを含むソフトウェアの標準化されたユニットです。</p><p>Seleniumプロジェクトは、ダウンロードして実行して作業用グリッドを迅速に起動および実行できる一連のDockerイメージを保持しています。 ノードはFirefoxとChromeの両方で使用できます。
 グリッドのプロビジョニング方法の詳細は、 <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a> リポジトリ内にあります。</p><h3 id=前提条件>前提条件</h3><p>グリッドを実行するための唯一の要件は、Dockerをインストールして動作させることです。
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Dockerのインストール</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“独自のグリッドを設定する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Dockerのインストール</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“独自のグリッドを設定する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 264f3037df6a..dd16e8df31bb 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > 高度な機能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>高度な機能</h1><p>高度な機能のすべての詳細を取得し、それがどのように機能するか、および独自の設定方法を理解するには、次のセクションを参照してください。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“高度な機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQLクエリのサポート><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可観測性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > 高度な機能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>高度な機能</h1><p>高度な機能のすべての詳細を取得し、それがどのように機能するか、および独自の設定方法を理解するには、次のセクションを参照してください。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“高度な機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQLクエリのサポート><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可観測性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 2bc827aad1b3..2575f1760a8c 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -154,5 +154,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>注：ログは読みやすくするために上にきれいに印刷されています。 Seleniumサーバーでは、ログのプリティプリントがオフになっています。</p><p>上記の手順で、トレースとログを表示できるように設定する必要があります。</p><h2 id=参考文献>参考文献</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“可観測性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高度な機能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=グリッドエンドポイント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>注：ログは読みやすくするために上にきれいに印刷されています。 Seleniumサーバーでは、ログのプリティプリントがオフになっています。</p><p>上記の手順で、トレースとログを表示できるように設定する必要があります。</p><h2 id=参考文献>参考文献</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“可観測性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高度な機能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=グリッドエンドポイント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
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@@ -133,5 +133,5 @@
 同じ概念がGrid4でも利用可能であり、上記のコンポーネントのいくつかをグループ化することでハブを実行することが可能です。
 また、スタンドアロンモードですべてのコンポーネントを一緒に実行することも可能です。</p><h3 id=ハブ>ハブ</h3><p>ハブは、次のコンポーネントの結合です。</p><ul><li>ルーター</li><li>ディストリビューター</li><li>セッションマップ</li><li>イベントバス</li></ul><p>従来のハブとノードのセットアップを可能にします。</p><h3 id=スタンドアロン>スタンドアロン</h3><p>前述のように、スタンドアロンはすべてのコンポーネントの結合であり、ユーザーの目には、それらは1つのコンポーネントとして実行されます。
 これには、ハブの一部であるすべてのコンポーネントと1つのノードが含まれます。
-スタンドアロンモードで起動すると、1つの完全に機能するGridを使用できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“グリッドのコンポーネント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+スタンドアロンモードで起動すると、1つの完全に機能するGridを使用できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“グリッドのコンポーネント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 2c5eaa450f2e..8ab85d29c26f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>構成ヘルプ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=ディストリビューター>ディストリビューター</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=ルーター>ルーター</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=ノード>ノード</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“構成ヘルプ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=コンポーネントの構成><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQLクエリのサポート style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“構成ヘルプ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=コンポーネントの構成><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQLクエリのサポート style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 18afbd96d064..594a7c8b115e 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>コンポーネントの構成 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>コンポーネントの構成 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ selected>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > コンポーネントの構成</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=コンポーネントの構成>コンポーネントの構成</h1><p>前のセクションで説明したように、各グリッドコンポーネントは特定の役割を果たします。
 したがって、各グリッドコンポーネントを個別に構成することができます。
-このセクションでは、一般的な構成値とコンポーネント固有の構成値について説明します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“コンポーネントの構成”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=構成ヘルプ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+このセクションでは、一般的な構成値とコンポーネント固有の構成値について説明します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“コンポーネントの構成”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=構成ヘルプ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index 3ec76a7f827a..aa984619dedb 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -185,5 +185,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=各ノードとグリッドのuriを照会する>各ノードとグリッドのURIを照会する</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=新しいセッションキューで現在のリクエストを取得するためのクエリ>新しいセッションキューで現在のリクエストを取得するためのクエリ</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=新しいセッションキューのサイズを取得するためのクエリ>新しいセッションキューのサイズを取得するためのクエリ</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQLクエリのサポート”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=構成ヘルプ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高度な機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQLクエリのサポート”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=構成ヘルプ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高度な機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index c400272ea410..c65ae97a000b 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“グリッドエンドポイント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可観測性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=ドライバーの特異性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“グリッドエンドポイント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可観測性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=ドライバーの特異性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/index.html
index cf157d866953..94a466466041 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 4 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/ selected>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > Grid 4</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> は新しい実装であり、以前のバージョンのコードベースを共有していません。</p><p>Grid 4には、ローカルでの実行を可能にしながら、スケールアップを容易にするために、
 いくつかの新しいテクノロジーを利用するアプローチがあります。</p><p>Grid 4コンポーネントの詳細をすべて取得し、その仕組みと独自の設定方法を理解するには、
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+次のセクションを参照してください。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=独自のグリッドを設定する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -113,5 +113,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></li></ul><h2 id=dockerイメージを介してスタンドアロングリッドを開始する>Dockerイメージを介してスタンドアロングリッドを開始する</h2><p>次のコマンドでノードを起動できます。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>    java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;browserName&#34;: &#34;firefox&#34;}&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>Seleniumサーバーを起動し、Dockerに新しいインスタンスを作成することを委任できます。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>     java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;browserName&#34;: &#34;firefox&#34;}&#39;</span> --detect-drivers <span style=color:#b58900>false</span>
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=警告>警告</h2><p>Selenium Gridは、適切なファイアウォールアクセス許可を使用して外部アクセスから保護する必要があります。</p><p>グリッドを保護しないと、次の1つ以上が発生する可能性があります。</p><ul><li>グリッドインフラストラクチャへのオープンアクセスを提供します。</li><li>サードパーティが内部Webアプリケーションおよびファイルにアクセスすることを許可します。</li><li>サードパーティにカスタムバイナリの実行を許可します。</li></ul><p><a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a> に関するこのブログ投稿をご覧ください。
-これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 <a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“独自のグリッドを設定する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=コンポーネントの構成 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 <a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“独自のグリッドを設定する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=グリッドのコンポーネント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=コンポーネントの構成 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/index.html
index 5faefbd0a011..dae49f863d38 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行する簡単な方法を提供することを目的としています。</p><p>Selenium Gridは、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、異なるブラウザーバージョンと
 ブラウザーの設定を（個別のテストではなく）一元的に管理することができます。</p><p>Selenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。
 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。</p><p><strong>Grid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> の使用を推奨します。</strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=リンクスパイダー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的と主な機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> の使用を推奨します。</strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=リンクスパイダー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的と主な機能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 7a9794d61b27..beb4c59de962 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > 目的と主な機能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>目的と主な機能</h1><ul><li>すべてのテストの中央エントリポイント</li><li>ブラウザーが実行されるノード・環境の管理と制御</li><li>スケーリング</li><li>テストを並列実行</li><li>クロスプラットフォームでのテスト</li><li>負荷分散</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“目的と主な機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=グリッドを使用する場合 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/>Grid</a> > 目的と主な機能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>目的と主な機能</h1><ul><li>すべてのテストの中央エントリポイント</li><li>ブラウザーが実行されるノード・環境の管理と制御</li><li>スケーリング</li><li>テストを並列実行</li><li>クロスプラットフォームでのテスト</li><li>負荷分散</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“目的と主な機能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=グリッドを使用する場合 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index 2f92d9cd80cc..b5e6c257da87 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 たとえば、それぞれがFirefox 70の3つのインスタンスを実行する4台のマシンのグリッドを持つことができ、利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスの"ある意味"での"サーバーファーム"を可能にします。
 スイートが実行されると、各テストはグリッドに渡され、グリッドは次に利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスにテストを割り当てます。 この方法で、おそらく12のテストがすべて同時に並行して実行されるテストパスを取得し、テストパスの完了に必要な時間を大幅に短縮します。</p><p>グリッドは非常に柔軟です。
 これらの2つの例を組み合わせて、各ブラウザタイプとバージョンの複数のインスタンスを許可することができます。
-このような構成では、迅速にテストがパスすることを完了するための並列実行と、複数のブラウザタイプおよびバージョンの同時サポートの両方が提供されます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“グリッドを使用する場合”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的と主な機能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+このような構成では、迅速にテストがパスすることを完了するための並列実行と、複数のブラウザタイプおよびバージョンの同時サポートの両方が提供されます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“グリッドを使用する場合”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的と主な機能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index bcc1a3370f04..fb8bda2ab182 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>状態を共有しない :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 テストが互いに分離されていることを確認してください。</p><ul><li><p>テストデータを共有しないでください。
 アクションを実行する1つを選択する前に、それぞれが有効な注文をデータベースに照会するいくつかのテストを想像してください。
 2つのテストで同じ順序を選択すると、予期しない動作が発生する可能性があります。</p></li><li><p>別のテストで取得される可能性のあるアプリケーション内の古いデータを削除します。 例: 無効な注文レコード</p></li><li><p>テストごとに新しいWebDriverインスタンスを作成します。
-これにより、テストの分離が保証され、並列化がより簡単になります。</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“状態を共有しない”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title=改善されたレポート><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=テストの独立性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+これにより、テストの分離が保証され、並列化がより簡単になります。</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“状態を共有しない”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title=改善されたレポート><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=テストの独立性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index e56b1e25660a..df5e985e7b31 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -151,5 +151,5 @@
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Fluent APIの使用を検討する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=テストの独立性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Fluent APIの使用を検討する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=テストの独立性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 2a6658c4b67a..ca148356dc03 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -140,5 +140,5 @@
 主な目標の1つは、 テストが <strong>UIの問題ではなく、手元の問題</strong> に対処できるAPIを作成することです。
 UIはユーザーにとって二次的な関心事です。ユーザーはUIを気にせず、ただ仕事をやりたいだけです。
 テストスクリプトは、ユーザーがやりたいことと知りたいことの長々としたリストのように読む必要があります。
-テストでは、UIがどのようにそれを実行するように要求するかについて、気にするべきではありません。</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“ドメイン固有言語（DSL）”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=ページオブジェクトモデル><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title=アプリケーション状態の生成 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+テストでは、UIがどのようにそれを実行するように要求するかについて、気にするべきではありません。</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“ドメイン固有言語（DSL）”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=ページオブジェクトモデル><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title=アプリケーション状態の生成 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 7f04be8f697a..7b4ab8f3ab30 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 新しい仮想マシンの起動が実用的でない場合は、少なくともテストごとに新しいWebDriverを起動してください。
 Firefoxの場合、既知のプロファイルでWebDriverを起動します。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Fluent APIの使用を検討する"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/ title=最悪の慣行 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Fluent APIの使用を検討する"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/ title=最悪の慣行 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index c538e15d041f..86a901cca33e 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>アプリケーション状態の生成 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 すべてのテストの前にWebブラウザーからのログインをなくすことで、テストの速度と安定性の両方が向上します。
 AUT* にアクセスするためのメソッドを作成する必要があります（APIを使用してログインし、Cookieを設定するなど）。
 また、テスト用にデータをプリロードするメソッドの作成は、Seleniumを使用して実行しないほうがいいです。
-前述のように、AUT* のデータを作成するには、既存のAPIを活用する必要があります。</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“アプリケーション状態の生成”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=ドメイン固有言語（DSL）><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=モック外部サービス style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+前述のように、AUT* のデータを作成するには、既存のAPIを活用する必要があります。</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“アプリケーション状態の生成”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=ドメイン固有言語（DSL）><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=モック外部サービス style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index 486d2287f1e2..2c91b832cca0 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>改善されたレポート :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 単体テストフレームワークの組み込みのレポート機能を利用することは、良いスタートです。
 ほとんどの単体テストフレームワークには、xUnitまたはHTML形式のレポートを生成できるレポートがあります。
 xUnitレポートは、Jenkins、Travis、Bambooなどの継続的インテグレーション（CI）サーバーに結果をインポートするのに人気があります。
-いくつかの言語のレポート出力に関する詳細情報へのリンクがあります。</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“改善されたレポート”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=モック外部サービス><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=状態を共有しない style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+いくつかの言語のレポート出力に関する詳細情報へのリンクがあります。</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“改善されたレポート”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=モック外部サービス><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=状態を共有しない style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 &ldquo;ガイドラインとレコメンデーション"というアイデアを好みます。
 これらを一通り読み、特定の環境でどのアプローチが効果的かを慎重に決定することをお勧めします。</p><p>機能テストは、多くの理由で適切に行うのが困難です。
 まるでアプリケーションの状態、複雑さ、および依存関係が、テストを十分に難しくしないと思えるほど、ブラウザ（特にクロスブラウザの非互換性）を扱うのは、良いテストの作成を難しくします。</p><p>Seleniumは、機能的なユーザーインタラクションを簡単にするツールを提供しますが、適切に設計されたテストスイートの作成には役立ちません。
-この章では、機能的なWebページの自動化に取り組む方法に関するアドバイス、ガイドライン、および推奨事項を提供します。</p><p>この章では、長年にわたって成功を収めてきたSeleniumの多くのユーザーの間で人気のあるソフトウェア設計パターンを記録します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“ガイドラインとレコメンデーション”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=リモートWebDriverクライアント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=ページオブジェクトモデル style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+この章では、機能的なWebページの自動化に取り組む方法に関するアドバイス、ガイドライン、および推奨事項を提供します。</p><p>この章では、長年にわたって成功を収めてきたSeleniumの多くのユーザーの間で人気のあるソフトウェア設計パターンを記録します。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“ガイドラインとレコメンデーション”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=リモートWebDriverクライアント><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=ページオブジェクトモデル style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index df49d4d2a89a..628f85b68d15 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -211,5 +211,5 @@
 ページファクトリを使用してページオブジェクトをインスタンス化するものもあります。
 これらすべてについて議論することは、このユーザーガイドの範囲を超えています。
 ここでは、読者にできることのいくつかを認識させるための概念を紹介したいだけです。
-前述のように、多くの人がこのトピックについてブログを書いていますし、読者がこれらのトピックに関するブログを検索することをお勧めします。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“ページオブジェクトモデル”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=ガイドラインとレコメンデーション><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=ドメイン固有言語（DSL） style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+前述のように、多くの人がこのトピックについてブログを書いていますし、読者がこれらのトピックに関するブログを検索することをお勧めします。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“ページオブジェクトモデル”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=ガイドラインとレコメンデーション><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=ドメイン固有言語（DSL） style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index 7cd9632da576..20d7ed3b14ed 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/>ガイドラインとレコメンデーション</a> > テストの独立性</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>テストの独立性</h1><p>各テストを独自のユニットとして記述します。
 他のテストに依存しない方法でテストを記述してください。</p><p>公開後にモジュールとしてWebサイトに表示されるカスタムコンテンツを作成できるコンテンツ管理システム（CMS）があり、CMSとアプリケーション間の同期に時間がかかる場合があるとします。</p><p>モジュールをテストする間違った方法は、1つのテストでコンテンツが作成および公開され、別のテストでモジュールをチェックすることです。
 コンテンツは公開後、他のテストですぐに利用できない可能性があるため、この方法はふさわしくありません。</p><p>代わりに、影響を受けるテスト内でオン/オフできるスタブコンテンツを作成し、それをモジュールの検証に使用できます。
-ただし、コンテンツの作成については、別のテストを行うことができます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“テストの独立性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=状態を共有しない><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Fluent APIの使用を検討する" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ただし、コンテンツの作成については、別のテストを行うことができます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“テストの独立性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=状態を共有しない><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Fluent APIの使用を検討する" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/index.html b/documentation/ja/index.html
index 4009fc2ad161..832918909dd0 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/index.html
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00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -209,5 +209,5 @@
     }
 }
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>上記のコードを実行した時、舞台裏で何が起きているかの詳しい説明には<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/><em>クイックツアー</em></a>を参照してください。
-どのように<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/>インストール</a>するのか、そしてSeleniumをテスト自動化ツールとして上手く利用し、上記の様な基本的なテストを大きいスケールの分散型環境で複数のブラウザー、様々オペレーティングシステムで実行するため拡張方法を理解するため<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>順序順ドキュメンテーション</a>に進んでください。</p><h2 id=入門>入門</h2><p>もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+どのように<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/>インストール</a>するのか、そしてSeleniumをテスト自動化ツールとして上手く利用し、上記の様な基本的なテストを大きいスケールの分散型環境で複数のブラウザー、様々オペレーティングシステムで実行するため拡張方法を理解するため<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>順序順ドキュメンテーション</a>に進んでください。</p><h2 id=入門>入門</h2><p>もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/index.json b/documentation/ja/index.json
index 588bec08891e..7626df1aee6a 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/index.json
+++ b/documentation/ja/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）は、 Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart （コンピューターと人間を区別するための完全に自動化された公開チューリングテスト）の略で、自動化を防ぐように明示的に設計されているため、試さないでください！ CAPTCHAチェックを回避するための2つの主要な戦略があります。\n テスト環境でCAPTCHAを無効にします テストがCAPTCHAをバイパスできるようにするフックを追加します  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Selenium RCは長い間メインのSeleniumプロジェクトでしたが、WebDriver/Seleniumを併合したより強力なツールであるSelenium 2が登場しました。 Selenium 1はもうサポートされていないことを強調する価値があります。\nSelenium RCの仕組み はじめに、Selenium RCのコンポーネントがどのように動作するか、およびテストスクリプトの実行でそれぞれが果たす役割について説明します。\nRCコンポーネント SeleniumRCコンポーネントは、以下のとおりです。\n ブラウザを起動および終了し、テストプログラムから渡されたSeleneseコマンドを解釈および実行し、ブラウザとAUTの間で渡されるHTTPメッセージをインターセプトおよび検証するSeleniumサーバー 各プログラミング言語とSelenium RC Server間のインターフェイスを提供するクライアントライブラリ  これは簡略化されたアーキテクチャ図です。\nこの図は、クライアントライブラリが実行される各Seleniumコマンドを渡すサーバーと通信することを示しています。 次に、サーバーはSelenium-Core JavaScriptコマンドを使用してSeleniumコマンドをブラウザーに渡します。 ブラウザは、JavaScriptインタープリターを使用して、Seleniumコマンドを実行します。 これにより、テストスクリプトで指定したSeleneseアクションまたは検証が実行されます。\nSeleniumサーバー Seleniumサーバーは、テストプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを受信して解釈し、それらのテストの実行結果をプログラムに報告します。\nRCサーバーはSelenium Coreをバンドルし、ブラウザーに自動的に挿入します。 これは、テストプログラムがブラウザを開いたときに発生します（クライアントライブラリのAPI関数を使用）。 Selenium-CoreはJavaScriptプログラムです。 実際には、ブラウザの組み込みJavaScriptインタープリターを使用してSeleneseコマンドを解釈および実行するJavaScript関数のセットです。\nサーバーは、単純なHTTP GET/POSTリクエストを使用して、テストプログラムからSeleneseコマンドを受け取ります。 これは、HTTPリクエストを送信できるプログラミング言語を使用して、ブラウザーでのSeleniumテストを自動化できることを意味します。\nクライアントライブラリ クライアントライブラリは、独自の設計のプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを実行できるプログラミングサポートを提供します。 サポートされる言語ごとに異なるクライアントライブラリがあります。 Seleniumクライアントライブラリは、プログラミングインターフェイス（API）、つまり、独自のプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを実行する一連の関数を提供します。 各インターフェイス内には、各Seleneseコマンドをサポートするプログラミング関数があります。\nクライアントライブラリは、Seleneseコマンドを受け取り、それをSeleniumサーバーに渡して、特定のアクションまたはテスト対象アプリケーション（AUT）に対するテストを処理します。 クライアントライブラリは、そのコマンドの結果も受け取り、プログラムに返します。 プログラムは結果を受け取ってプログラム変数に保存し、成功または失敗として報告するか、予期しないエラーの場合は修正アクションを実行できます。\nしたがって、テストプログラムを作成するには、クライアントライブラリAPIを使用して一連のSeleniumコマンドを実行するプログラムを作成するだけです。 また、オプションで、Selenium-IDEでSeleneseテストスクリプトを既に作成している場合は、Selenium RCコードを生成できます。 Selenium-IDEは、（エクスポートメニュー項目を使用して）SeleniumコマンドをクライアントドライバーのAPI関数呼び出しに変換できます。 Selenium-IDEからRCコードをエクスポートする詳細については、Selenium-IDEの章を参照してください。\nインストール インストールというのは、Seleniumの誤った呼び名です。 Seleniumには、選択したプログラミング言語で利用可能な一連のライブラリがあります。 ダウンロードページからダウンロードできます。\n使用する言語を選択したら、次のことを行う必要があります。\n Selenium RCサーバーをインストールします。 言語固有のクライアントドライバーを使用してプログラミングプロジェクトをセットアップします。  Seleniumサーバーのインストール Selenium RCサーバーは単なるJava jarファイル（selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar）であり、特別なインストールは不要です。 zipファイルをダウンロードして、目的のディレクトリにサーバーを展開するだけで十分です。\nSeleniumサーバーを実行する テストを開始する前に、サーバーを起動する必要があります。 Selenium RCのサーバーがあるディレクトリに移動し、コマンドラインコンソールから次を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar これは、上記のコマンドを含むバッチまたはシェル実行可能ファイル（Windowsでは.bat、Linuxでは.sh）を作成することで簡素化できます。 次に、デスクトップ上でその実行可能ファイルへのショートカットを作成し、アイコンをダブルクリックしてサーバーを起動します。\nサーバーを実行するには、Javaをインストールし、PATH環境変数をコンソールから実行するように正しく構成する必要があります。 コンソールで次を実行すると、Javaが正しくインストールされていることを確認できます。\njava -version バージョン番号（1.5以降である必要があります）を取得したら、Selenium RCの使用を開始できます。\nJavaクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumHQダウンロードページからSelenium Javaクライアントドライバーのzipファイルをダウンロードします。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt; .jarファイルを解凍します。 Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) 希望するJava IDE（Eclipse、NetBeans、IntelliJ、Netweaverなど）を開きます。 Javaプロジェクトを作成します。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jarファイルをプロジェクトの参照先に追加します。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jarファイルをプロジェクトのクラスパスに追加します。 Selenium-IDEから、スクリプトをJavaファイルにエクスポートしてJavaプロジェクトに含めるか、selenium-java-client APIを使用してJavaでSeleniumテストを記述します。 APIについては、この章の後半で説明します。 JUnitまたはTestNgを使用してテストを実行するか、独自の単純なmain()プログラムを作成できます。 これらの概念については、このセクションの後半で説明します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 Java IDEまたはコマンドラインからテストを実行します。  Javaテストプロジェクトの設定詳細については、付録セクションの「EclipseでのSelenium RCの設定」および「IntellijでのSelenium RCの設定」を参照してください。\nPythonクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumをPIP経由でインストールします。手順はSeleniumHQダウンロードページにリンクされています。 SeleniumテストをPythonで作成するか、Selenium-IDEからPythonファイルにスクリプトをエクスポートします。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 コンソールまたはPython IDEからテストを実行します。  Pythonクライアントドライバーの設定詳細については、付録「Pythonクライアントドライバーの設定」を参照してください。\n.NETクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumHQダウンロードページからSelenium RCをダウンロードします。 フォルダーを解凍します。 NUnitをダウンロードしてインストールします。 （注：テストエンジンとしてNUnitを使用できます。 NUnitにまだ慣れていない場合は、簡単なmain()関数を作成してテストを実行することもできますが、NUnitはテストエンジンとして非常に便利です。） 希望した.Net IDE（Visual Studio、SharpDevelop、MonoDevelop）を開きます。 クラスライブラリ(.dll)を作成します。 次のDLLへの参照を追加します。 nmock.dll、nunit.core.dll、nunit、framework.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Seleniumテストを.Net言語(C#、VB.Net)で記述するか、Selenium-IDEからC#ファイルにスクリプトをエクスポートし、このコードを作成したクラスファイルにコピーします。 独自の単純なmain()プログラムを作成するか、テストを実行するためにプロジェクトにNUnitを含めることができます。 これらの概念については、この章の後半で説明します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 IDE、NUnit GUI、またはコマンドラインからテストを実行します。  Visual Studioを使用した.NETクライアントドライバーの設定詳細については、付録の.NETクライアントドライバー設定を参照してください。\nRubyクライアントドライバーの使用  RubyGemsがまだない場合は、RubyForgeからインストールします。 次のコマンドを実行します。 gem install selenium-client テストスクリプトの上部に次の行を追加します。 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Rubyテストハーネス(Test :: Unit、Mini :: Test、RSpecなど)を使用してテストスクリプトを記述します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 他のRubyスクリプトを実行するのと同じ方法でテストを実行します。  Rubyクライアントドライバーの構成の詳細については、Selenium-Clientのドキュメント を参照してください。\nSeleneseからプログラムへ Selenium RCを使用する主なタスクは、Seleneseをプログラミング言語に変換することです。 このセクションでは、言語固有の例をいくつか示します。\nサンプルテストスクリプト Seleneseテストスクリプトの例から始めましょう。 Selenium-IDEで次のテストを記録することを想像してください。\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     注：この例は、Google検索ページ http://www.google.com で機能します。\nプログラミングコードとしてのSelenese サポートされている各プログラミング言語に(Selenium-IDE経由で)エクスポートされたテストスクリプトを次に示します。 オブジェクト指向プログラミング言語の少なくとも基本的な知識がある場合は、これらの例のいずれかを読むことで、SeleniumがSeleneseコマンドを実行する方法を理解できます。 特定の言語の例を表示するには、これらのボタンのいずれかを選択します。\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end 次のセクションでは、生成されたコードを使用してテストプログラムを構築する方法を説明します。\nテストをプログラミングする 次に、サポートされている各プログラミング言語の例を使用して、独自のテストをプログラミングする方法を説明します。 基本的に2つのタスクがあります。\n Selenium-IDEからスクリプトをプログラミング言語に生成し、必要に応じて結果を変更します。 生成されたコードを実行する非常に単純なmainプログラムを記述します。  必要に応じて、JUnitまたはJava用のTestNG、またはこれらの言語のいずれかを使用している場合は.NET用のNUnitなどのテストエンジンプラットフォームを採用できます。\nここでは、言語固有の例を示します。 言語固有のAPIはそれぞれ異なっている傾向があるため、それぞれに個別の説明があります。\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Javaの場合、テストエンジンとしてJUnitまたはTestNGを使用します。 Eclipseは、プラグインを介してこれらを直接サポートしています。 これにより、さらに簡単になります。 JUnitまたはTestNGの指導はこのドキュメントの範囲外ですが、資料はオンラインで入手でき、利用可能な出版物があります。 すでに\u0026quot;java-shop\u0026quot;であれば、開発者がこれらのテストフレームワークのいずれかで既にある程度の経験を持っている可能性があります。\nおそらく、テストクラスの名前を\u0026quot;NewTest\u0026quot;から独自の名前に変更する必要があります。 また、ステートメント内のブラウザを開くパラメーターを変更する必要があります。\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Selenium-IDEで生成されたコードは次のようになります。 この例では、わかりやすくするためにコメントを手動で追加しています。\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# .NETクライアントドライバーはMicrosoft.NETで動作します。 NUnitやVisual Studio 2005 Team Systemなどの.NETテストフレームワークで利用できます。\nSelenium-IDEは、テストフレームワークとしてNUnitを使用することを想定しています。 以下の生成コードでこれを確認できます。 NUnitの using ステートメントと、テストクラスの各メンバー関数の役割を識別する対応するNUnit属性が含まれています。\nおそらく、テストクラスの名前を\u0026quot;NewTest\u0026quot;から独自の選択に変更する必要があります。 また、ステートメントのブラウザで開くパラメーターを変更する必要があります。\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); 生成されたコードは次のようになります。\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } NUnitにテストの実行を管理させることができます。 または、テストオブジェクトをインスタンス化し、SetupTest()、TheNewTest()、TeardownTest() の各メソッドを順番に実行する単純な main() プログラムを作成することもできます。\nPython Pyunitは、Pythonで使用するテストフレームワークです。\n基本的なテスト構造は次のとおりです。\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Selenium-IDEの古い（2.0より前の）バージョンは、古いSelenium gemを必要とするRubyコードを生成します。 したがって、IDEによって生成されたRubyスクリプトを次のように更新することをお勧めします。\n  １行目を require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; から require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; に変更\n  11行目を Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new から Selenium::Client::Driver.new に変更\n  クラス名を\u0026quot;Untitled\u0026quot;よりもわかりやすい名前に変更し、テストメソッドの名前を\u0026quot;test_untitled\u0026quot;以外の名前に変更することもできます。\n上記のように、Selenium IDEによって生成されたRubyコードを変更して作成された簡単な例を次に示します。\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP ドキュメントチームのメンバーは、PerlまたはPHPでSelenium RCを使用していません。 これらの2つの言語のいずれかでSelenium RCを使用している場合は、ドキュメントチームに連絡してください（貢献に関する章を参照）。 PerlおよびPHPユーザーをサポートするために、あなたとあなたの経験からいくつかの例を含めたいと思います。\nAPIを学ぶ Selenium RC APIは、Seleneseを理解していると仮定すると、インターフェイスのほとんどが自明である命名規則を使用します。 ただし、ここでは、最も重要で、おそらくそれほど明白ではない側面について説明します。\nブラウザーを起動する CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start これらの各例はブラウザを開き、\u0026ldquo;ブラウザーインスタンス\u0026quot;をプログラム変数に割り当てることでそのブラウザを表します。 このプログラム変数は、ブラウザからメソッドを呼び出すために使用されます。 これらのメソッドは、Seleniumコマンドを実行します。 つまり、 open コマンドや type コマンド、 verify コマンドなどです。\nブラウザーインスタンスの作成時に必要なパラメーターは次のとおりです。\n  host サーバーが配置されているコンピューターのIPアドレスを指定します。 通常、これはクライアントが実行されているマシンと同じマシンであるため、この場合は localhost が渡されます。 一部のクライアントでは、これは任意のパラメーターです。\n  port サーバーがクライアントが接続を確立するのを待機しているTCP/IPソケットを指定します。 これは、一部のクライアントドライバーでは任意です。\n  browser テストを実行するブラウザー。 これは必須パラメーターです。\n  url テスト対象のアプリケーションのベースURL。 これは、すべてのクライアントライブラリに必要であり、ブラウザプロキシAUT通信を開始するための不可欠な情報です。\n  一部のクライアントライブラリでは、 start() メソッドを呼び出してブラウザーを明示的に起動する必要があります。\nコマンドを実行する ブラウザを初期化して変数（一般的に\u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot;という名前）に割り当てたら、ブラウザ変数からそれぞれのメソッドを呼び出してSeleneseコマンドを実行させることができます。 たとえば、Seleniumオブジェクトの type メソッドを呼び出すには、以下のように記述します。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) バックグラウンドで、ブラウザは、メソッド呼び出し中に指定したロケーターと文字列を使用して、ユーザーがブラウザーに入力を入力するのと本質的に同じタイプ操作を実際に実行します。\n結果を報告する Selenium RCには、結果を報告するための独自のメカニズムがありません。 むしろ、選択したプログラミング言語の機能を使用して、ニーズに合わせてカスタマイズしたレポートを作成できます。 それは素晴らしいことですが、すでにあなたのために行われている何かを簡単にしたい場合はどうでしょうか？ 多くの場合、既存のライブラリまたはテストフレームワークは、独自のテストレポートコードを開発するよりも早くニーズを満たすことができます。\nテストフレームワークのレポートツール テストフレームワークは、多くのプログラミング言語で使用できます。 これらは、テストを実行するための柔軟なテストエンジンを提供する主な機能とともに、結果を報告するためのライブラリコードを含んでいます。 たとえば、Javaには一般的に使用される2つのテストフレームワーク、JUnitとTestNGがあります。 .NETには独自のNUnitもあります。\nここではフレームワーク自体を教えません。 これはこのユーザーガイドの範囲外です。 Seleniumに関連するフレームワーク機能と、適用可能ないくつかのテクニックを簡単に紹介します。 ただし、これらのテストフレームワークに関する優れた書籍は、インターネット上の情報とともに入手できます。\nテストレポートライブラリ 選択したプログラミング言語でテスト結果を報告するために特別に作成されたサードパーティライブラリも利用できます。 これらは多くの場合、HTMLやPDFなどのさまざまな形式をサポートします。\n最良のアプローチは何ですか？ テストフレームワークを初めて使用するほとんどの人は、フレームワークに組み込まれているレポート機能から始めます。 独自のライブラリを開発するよりも時間がかかりません。 Seleniumを使用し始めたら、進捗を報告するための独自の\u0026quot;印刷したステートメント\u0026quot;を入力し始めることは間違いありません。 それにより、ライブラリまたはテストフレームワークの使用と並行して、独自のレポートの開発に徐々につながる可能性があります。 とにかく、最初の、しかし短い学習曲線の後、あなたは自分の状況に最適なものを自然に開発します。\nテストレポートの例 説明のために、Seleniumでサポートされている他の言語のいくつかの特定のツールを紹介します。 ここにリストされているものは一般的に使用されており、このガイドの著者によって広く使用されています（したがって、推奨されています）。\nJavaのテストレポート   SeleniumテストケースがJUnitを使用して開発されている場合、JUnitレポートを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。\n  TestNGを使用してSeleniumテストケースを開発する場合、テストレポートを生成するために外部タスクは必要ありません。 TestNGフレームワークは、テストの詳細をリストするHTMLレポートを生成します。\n  ReportNGは、TestNGフレームワーク用のHTMLレポートプラグインです。 これは、デフォルトのTestNG HTMLレポートの代替として意図されています。 ReportNGは、テスト結果の色分けされたシンプルなビューを提供します。\n  Seleneseコマンドのロギング  Seleniumのロギングを使用して、テスト内のすべてのSeleneseコマンドのレポートを、それぞれの成功または失敗とともに生成できます。 ロギングSeleniumはJavaクライアントドライバーを拡張して、このSeleneseロギング機能を追加します。  Pythonのテストレポート  Pythonクライアントドライバーを使用する場合、HTMLTestRunnerを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。  Rubyのテストレポート  RSpecフレームワークをRubyでのSeleniumテストケースの作成に使用する場合、そのHTMLレポートを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。  テストにスパイスを追加する 次に、テストにプログラミングロジックを追加して、Selenium RCを使用するすべての理由を説明します。 他のプログラムと同じです。 プログラムフローは、条件ステートメントと反復を使用して制御されます。 さらに、I/Oを使用して進捗情報を報告できます。 このセクションでは、プログラミング言語の構成要素をSeleniumと組み合わせて、一般的なテストの問題を解決する方法の例をいくつか示します。\nページ要素の存在の単純なテストから、予想される結果を検証するためにプログラミングロジックを必要とする複数のWebページとさまざまなデータを含む動的機能のテストに移行するときにわかります。 基本的に、Selenium-IDEは反復および標準条件ステートメントをサポートしていません。 Seleneseパラメーターにjavascriptを埋め込むことでいくつかの条件を実行できますが、反復は不可能であり、プログラミング言語ではほとんどの条件がはるかに簡単になります。 さらに、エラー回復のために例外処理が必要になる場合があります。 これらの理由およびその他の理由により、自動テストでの\u0026quot;検証力\u0026quot;を高めるための一般的なプログラミング手法の使用を説明するために、このセクションを作成しました。\nこのセクションの例はC#とJavaで記述されていますが、コードはシンプルであり、サポートされている他の言語に簡単に適合させることができます。 オブジェクト指向プログラミング言語の基本的な知識があれば、このセクションを理解するのに困難はないはずです。\n反復 反復は、テストで行う必要がある最も一般的なことの1つです。 たとえば、検索を複数回実行したい場合があります。 または、おそらくテスト結果を検証するために、データベースから返された\u0026quot;結果セット\u0026quot;を処理する必要があります。\n前に使用したのと同じGoogle検索の例を使用して、Seleniumの検索結果を確認しましょう。 このテストではSeleneseを使用できます。\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     同じ手順を3回実行するためにコードが繰り返されています。 ただし、同じコードのコピーを複数作成することは、維持する作業が増えるため、プログラムとしては適切ではありません。 プログラミング言語を使用することで、検索結果を反復処理して、より柔軟で保守可能なソリューションを実現できます。\nC# の場合 // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } 条件ステートメント テストでの条件の使用を説明するために、例から始めます。 Seleniumテストの実行中に発生する一般的な問題は、ページで予期される要素が利用できない場合に発生します。 たとえば、次の行を実行する場合です。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); 要素 \u0026lsquo;q'がページにない場合、例外がスローされます。\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found これにより、テストが中断する可能性があります。 いくつかのテストでは、それがあなたの望むものです。 しかし、多くの場合、テストスクリプトには実行する他の多くのテストがあるため、これは望ましくありません。\nより良いアプローチは、まず要素が実際に存在するかどうかを検証し、次に存在しない場合に代替手段を取ることです。 Javaを使用してこれを見てみましょう。\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } このアプローチの利点は、ページで一部のUI要素が利用できない場合でも、テストの実行を続行できることです。\nテストからJavaScriptを実行する JavaScriptは、セレンによって直接サポートされていないアプリケーションを実行する際に非常に便利です。 Selenium APIの getEval メソッドを使用して、Selenium RCからJavaScriptを実行できます。\n静的な識別子のないチェックボックスを持つアプリケーションを考えてください。 この場合、Selenium RCからJavaScriptを評価して、すべてのチェックボックスのIDを取得し、それらを実行できます。\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } ページ上の画像の数を数えるには、以下のとおりです。\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); デフォルトでは、テストウィンドウではなくSeleniumウィンドウが参照されるため、DOM式の場合は必ずウィンドウオブジェクトを使用してください。\nサーバーオプション サーバーの起動時に、コマンドラインオプションを使用してデフォルトのサーバーの動作を変更できます。\nサーバーを起動するには、次を実行してください。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar オプションのリストを表示するには、 -h オプションを指定してサーバーを実行します。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h サーバーで使用できるすべてのオプションのリストとそれぞれの簡単な説明が表示されます。 提供された説明では必ずしも十分ではないため、いくつかのより重要なオプションについて説明しました。\nプロキシ設定 AUTが認証を必要とするHTTPプロキシの後ろにある場合、次のコマンドを使用してhttp.proxyHost、http.proxyPort、http.proxyUserおよびhttp.proxyPasswordを設定する必要があります。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password マルチウィンドウモード Selenium 1.0を使用している場合は、マルチウィンドウモードがデフォルトの動作であるため、おそらくこのセクションをスキップできます。 ただし、バージョン1.0より前は、Seleniumはデフォルトで、ここに示すようにサブフレームでテスト対象のアプリケーションを実行していました。\n一部のアプリケーションはサブフレームで正しく実行されず、ウィンドウの上部フレームにロードする必要がありました。 マルチウィンドウモードオプションにより、AUTはデフォルトフレームではなく別のウィンドウで実行でき、そこで必要なトップフレームを取得できました。\nSeleniumの古いバージョンでは、次のオプションで明示的にマルチウィンドウモードを指定する必要があります。\n-multiwindow Selenium RC 1.0の時点で、単一のフレーム内でテストを実行する場合（つまり、以前のSeleniumバージョンの標準を使用する場合）、オプションを使用してこれをSelenium Serverに指定できます。\n-singlewindow Firefoxプロファイルの指定 Firefoxは、インスタンスごとに個別のプロファイルを指定しない限り、2つのインスタンスを同時に実行しません。 Selenium RC 1.0以降は個別のプロファイルで自動的に実行されるため、Selenium 1.0を使用している場合は、このセクションをスキップできます。 ただし、Seleniumの古いバージョンを使用している場合、またはテストに特定のプロファイルを使用する必要がある場合（https証明書の追加やアドオンのインストールなど）、プロファイルを明示的に指定する必要があります。\n最初に、別のFirefoxプロファイルを作成するには、次の手順に従います。 Windowsのスタートメニューを開き、\u0026ldquo;実行\u0026quot;を選択して、次のいずれかを入力します。\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P ダイアログを使用して新しいプロファイルを作成します。 次に、Seleniumサーバーを実行するときに、サーバーのコマンドラインオプション -firefoxProfileTemplate でこの新しいFirefoxプロファイルを使用し、ファイル名とディレクトリパスを使用してプロファイルへのパスを指定するように指示します。\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; 警告: 必ずデフォルトとは別の新しいフォルダーにプロファイルを入れてください!!! Firefoxプロファイルマネージャーツールは、プロファイルを削除すると、プロファイルファイルであるかどうかに関係なく、フォルダー内のすべてのファイルを削除します。\nFirefoxプロファイルの詳細については、Mozillaのナレッジベースをご覧ください。\n-htmlSuiteを使用してサーバー内でSeleneseを直接実行する HTMLファイルをサーバーのコマンドラインに渡すことで、Selenese HTMLファイルをSelenium Server内で直接実行できます。 例えば、\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; これにより、HTMLスイートが自動的に起動され、すべてのテストが実行され、結果とともにHTMLレポートが保存されます。\n注意: このオプションを使用すると、サーバーはテストを開始し、テストが完了するまで指定された秒数待機します。 その時間内にテストが完了しない場合、コマンドはゼロ以外の終了コードで終了し、結果ファイルは生成されません。\nこのコマンドラインは非常に長いため、入力するときは注意してください。 これには、単一のテストではなく、HTML Seleneseスイートを渡す必要があることに注意してください。 また、 -htmlSuite オプションは-interactiveと互換性がないことに注意してください。 両方を同時に実行することはできません。\nSeleniumサーバーのログ サーバー側のログ Seleniumサーバーを起動するときに、 -log オプションを使用して、Seleniumサーバーによってレポートされた貴重なデバッグ情報をテキストファイルに記録できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log このログファイルは、標準のコンソールログよりも詳細です（DEBUGレベルのログメッセージが含まれます）。 ログファイルには、ロガー名、およびメッセージを記録したスレッドのID番号も含まれます。 例えば、\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW メッセージの形式は、以下のとおりです。\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE このメッセージは複数行の場合があります。\nブラウザ側のログ ブラウザ側のJavaScript（Selenium Core）も重要なメッセージを記録します。 多くの場合、これらは通常のSeleniumサーバーログよりもエンドユーザーにとって有用です。 ブラウザ側のログにアクセスするには、 -browserSideLog 引数をSeleniumサーバーに渡します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog を -log 引数と組み合わせて、browserSideLogs（および他のすべてのDEBUGレベルのログメッセージ）をファイルに記録する必要があります。\n特定のブラウザへのパスを指定する 特定のブラウザーへのパスをSelenium RCに指定できます。 これは、同じブラウザーの異なるバージョンがあり、特定のブラウザーを使用する場合に便利です。 また、これは、Selenium RCで直接サポートされていないブラウザーに対してテストを実行できるようにするために使用されます。 実行モードを指定するときは、ブラウザの実行可能ファイルへのフルパスが後に続く *custom 指定子を使用します。\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RCアーキテクチャ 注意: このトピックでは、Selenium RCの背後にある技術的な実装について説明します。 Seleniumユーザーがこれを知ることは基本的なことではありませんが、将来発生する可能性のある問題の一部を理解するのに役立ちます。\nSelenium RC Serverがどのように機能し、プロキシインジェクションと高度な特権モードを使用する理由を詳細に理解するには、最初に 同一オリジンポリシー を理解する必要があります。\n同一オリジンポリシー Seleniumが直面する主な制限は、同一オリジンポリシーです。 このセキュリティ制限は、市場のすべてのブラウザーによって適用され、その目的は、サイトのコンテンツが別のサイトのスクリプトによってアクセスされないようにすることです。 同一オリジンポリシーでは、ブラウザ内にロードされたコードはすべて、そのウェブサイトのドメイン内でのみ動作することが規定されています。 別のWebサイトで関数を実行することはできません。 たとえば、ブラウザが www.mysite.com を読み込むときにJavaScriptコードを読み込むと、それが別のサイトであっても、読み込まれたコードを www.mysite2.com に対して実行できません。 これが可能な場合、他のタブで口座ページを開いていれば、開いているウェブサイトに配置されたスクリプトは銀行口座の情報を読み取ることができます。 これはXSS（クロスサイトスクリプティング）と呼ばれます。\nこのポリシー内で機能するには、Selenium-Core（およびすべての魔法を発生させるJavaScriptコマンド）をテスト対象アプリケーション（同じURL）と同一オリジンに配置する必要があります。\n歴史的に、Selenium-CoreはJavaScriptで実装されていたため、この問題によって制限されていました。 ただし、Selenium RCは同一オリジンポリシーによって制限されていません。 Seleniumサーバーをプロキシとして使用すると、この問題を回避できます。 基本的に、ブラウザがサーバーが提供する単一の\u0026quot;なりすまし\u0026quot;ウェブサイトで動作していることをブラウザに伝えます。\n注意: このトピックに関する追加情報は、同一オリジンポリシーおよびXSSに関するWikipediaページで見つけることができます。\nプロキシインジェクション 同一オリジンポリシーを回避するためにSeleniumが使用した最初の方法は、プロキシインジェクションでした。 プロキシインジェクションモードでは、Selenium Serverはブラウザと テスト対象アプリケーション1 の間にあるクライアント設定の HTTPプロキシ2として機能します。 次に、架空のURLでテスト対象アプリケーションをマスクします（Selenium-Coreと一連のテストを埋め込み、同一オリジンから来ているかのように配信します）。\nこれがアーキテクチャ図です。\nお気に入りの言語でテストスイートが開始されると、次のようになります。\n クライアント/ドライバーは、selenium-RCサーバーとの接続を確立します。 Selenium RCサーバーは、Selenium-CoreのJavaScriptをブラウザーがロードしたWebページに挿入するURLを使用してブラウザーを起動します（または古いブラウザーを再利用します）。 クライアントドライバーはSeleneseコマンドをサーバーに渡します。 サーバーはコマンドを解釈し、対応するJavaScript実行をトリガーして、ブラウザー内でそのコマンドを実行します。 Selenium-Coreは、ブラウザーに最初の命令に基づいて動作するよう指示し、通常はテスト対象アプリケーションのページを開きます。 ブラウザーはオープンリクエストを受信し、Selenium RCサーバー（使用するブラウザーのHTTPプロキシとして設定）からWebサイトのコンテンツを要求します。 Selenium RCサーバーはWebサーバーと通信してページを要求し、ページを受信すると、ブラウザーにページを送信し、オリジンをマスクしてページがSelenium-Coreと同じサーバーからのものであるように見えます（これにより、Selenium-Coreは 同一オリジンポリシーを使用）。 ブラウザーはWebページを受信し、そのページ用に予約されているフレーム/ウィンドウにレンダリングします。  Heightened Privileges でブラウザーを起動する この方法のこのワークフローは、プロキシインジェクションに非常に似ていますが、主な違いは、ブラウザが Heightened Privileges と呼ばれる特別なモードで起動されることです。 これにより、Webサイトは一般に許可されていないこと（SeleniumにXSSを実行したり、ファイルのアップロード入力を入力したり）を許可します。 これらのブラウザーモードを使用することで、Selenium CoreはAUT全体をSelenium RCサーバーに渡すことなく、テスト対象アプリケーションを直接開き、コンテンツを読み取り/操作できます。\nこれがアーキテクチャ図です。\nお気に入りの言語でテストスイートが開始されると、次のようになります。\n クライアント/ドライバーは、selenium-RCサーバーとの接続を確立します。 Selenium RCサーバーは、WebページにSelenium-CoreをロードするURLを使用してブラウザーを起動します（または古いブラウザーを再利用します）。 Selenium-Coreは、クライアント/ドライバーから最初の命令を取得します（Selenium RCサーバーへの別のHTTP要求を介して）。 Selenium-Coreはその最初の命令に基づいて動作し、通常はテスト対象アプリケーションのページを開きます。 ブラウザはオープン要求を受信し、Webサーバーにページを要求します。 ブラウザがWebページを受信すると、そのページ用に予約されたフレーム/ウィンドウにレンダリングします。  HTTPSおよびセキュリティポップアップの処理 多くのアプリケーションは、パスワードやクレジットカード情報などの暗号化された情報を送信する必要がある場合、HTTPからHTTPSに切り替えます。 これは、今日の多くのWebアプリケーションに共通しています。 Selenium RCはこれをサポートしています。\nHTTPSサイトが本物であることを確認するには、ブラウザにセキュリティ証明書が必要です。 そうでない場合、ブラウザがHTTPSを使用してテスト対象アプリケーションにアクセスすると、アプリケーションが'信頼されていない'と見なされます。 これが発生すると、ブラウザにセキュリティポップアップが表示され、Selenium RCを使用してこれらのポップアップを閉じることはできません。\nSelenium RCテストでHTTPSを扱う場合、これをサポートし、セキュリティ証明書を処理する実行モードを使用する必要があります。 テストプログラムでSeleniumを初期化するときに、実行モードを指定します。\nSelenium RC 1.0ベータ2以降では、実行モードに* firefoxまたは* iexploreを使用します。 Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1を含む以前のバージョンでは、実行モードに*chromeまたは *iehtaを使用します。 これらの実行モードを使用すると、特別なセキュリティ証明書をインストールする必要はありません。 Selenium RCがそれを処理します。\nバージョン1.0では、実行モード*firefoxまたは*iexploreが推奨されます。 ただし、*iexploreproxyおよび*firefoxproxyの追加の実行モードがあります。 これらは後方互換性のためにのみ提供されており、レガシーテストプログラムで必要でない限り使用しないでください。 アプリケーションが追加のブラウザウィンドウを開く場合、セキュリティ証明書の処理と複数のウィンドウの実行に制限があります。\nSelenium RCの以前のバージョンでは、 *chromeまたは*iehtaは、HTTPSおよびセキュリティポップアップの処理をサポートする実行モードでした。 これらは'実験モード'と見なされましたが、非常に安定し、多くの人が使用していました。 Selenium 1.0を使用している場合、これらの古い実行モードは不要であり、使用すべきではありません。\nセキュリティ証明書の説明 通常、ブラウザは、既に所有しているセキュリティ証明書をインストールすることで、テストしているアプリケーションを信頼します。 ブラウザのオプションまたはインターネットのプロパティでこれを確認できます（テスト対象アプリケーションのセキュリティ証明書がわからない場合は、システム管理者に問い合わせてください）。 Seleniumがブラウザーをロードすると、ブラウザーとサーバー間のメッセージをインターセプトするコードを挿入します。 ブラウザーは、信頼されていないソフトウェアがアプリケーションのように見えると解釈するようになりました。 ポップアップメッセージで警告することで応答します。\nこれを回避するために、Selenium RC（これをサポートする実行モードを使用する場合）は、ブラウザーがアクセスできる場所でクライアントコンピューターに独自のセキュリティ証明書を一時的にインストールします。 これにより、ブラウザはテスト対象アプリケーションとは異なるサイトにアクセスしていると思わせ、ポップアップを効果的に抑制します。\nSeleniumの以前のバージョンで使用された別の方法は、Seleniumのインストールで提供されるCybervilliansセキュリティ証明書をインストールすることでした。 ただし、ほとんどのユーザーはこれを行う必要がなくなります。 Selenium RCをプロキシインジェクションモードで実行している場合、このセキュリティ証明書を明示的にインストールする必要があるかもしれません。\n追加のブラウザーとブラウザー構成のサポート Selenium APIは、Internet ExplorerとMozilla Firefoxに加えて、複数のブラウザーに対する実行をサポートしています。 サポートされるブラウザーについては、 https://selenium.dev Webサイトを参照してください。 さらに、ブラウザーが直接サポートされていない場合でも、テストアプリケーションがブラウザーを起動する時に\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;実行モード（すなわち、*firefoxまたは*iexploreの代わり）を使用して、選択したブラウザーに対してSeleniumテストを実行できます。 これにより、API呼び出し内で実行可能なブラウザーへのパスを渡します。 これは、対話モードのサーバーからも実行できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 異なるブラウザー設定でテストを実行する 通常、Selenium RCはブラウザーを自動的に設定しますが、\u0026quot;*custom\u0026rdquo; 実行モードを使用してブラウザーを起動する場合、自動設定を使用せずにSelenium RCにブラウザーをそのまま強制的に起動させることができます。\nたとえば、次のようなカスタム設定でFirefoxを起動できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com この方法でブラウザーを起動する場合、Selenium Serverをプロキシとして使用するようにブラウザーを手動で設定する必要があることに注意してください。 通常、これはブラウザーの設定を開き、\u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026quot;をHTTPプロキシとして指定することを意味しますが、この手順はブラウザーごとに根本的に異なる場合があります。 詳細については、ブラウザーのドキュメントを参照してください。\nMozillaブラウザは、起動と停止の方法が異なる場合があることに注意してください。 Mozillaブラウザの動作をもう少し予測可能にするために、MOZ_NO_REMOTE環境変数を設定する必要があるかもしれません。 Unixユーザーは、シェルスクリプトを使用してブラウザを起動しないでください。 一般に、バイナリ実行可能ファイル（firefox-binなど）を直接使用することをお勧めします。\n一般的な問題のトラブルシューティング Selenium RCの使用を開始すると、一般的に発生する可能性のある問題がいくつかあります。 ここでそれらとその解決策を紹介します。\nサーバーに接続できません テストプログラムがSeleniumサーバーに接続できない場合、Seleniumはテストプログラムで例外をスローします。 このメッセージまたは同様のメッセージが表示されるはずです。\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) このようなメッセージが表示された場合は、必ずSeleniumサーバーを起動してください。 その場合、SeleniumクライアントライブラリとSeleniumサーバー間の接続に問題があります。\nSelenium RCを使用する場合、ほとんどの人は、同じマシンでテストプログラム（Seleniumクライアントライブラリを使用）とSeleniumサーバーを実行することから始めます。 これを行うには、接続パラメーターとして\u0026quot;localhost\u0026quot;を使用します。 開始する潜在的なネットワークの問題の影響を軽減するため、この方法で開始することをお勧めします。 オペレーティングシステムに一般的なネットワーク設定とTCP/IP設定があると仮定すると、ほとんど問題はありません。 実際、多くの人がこの方法でテストを実行することを選択します。\nただし、リモートマシンでSeleniumサーバーを実行する場合は、2台のマシン間に有効なTCP/IP接続があると仮定すると、接続は良好です。\n接続に問題がある場合は、 ping 、telnet 、 ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig(Windows) などの一般的なネットワークツールを使用して、有効なネットワーク接続を確保できます。 これらに不慣れな場合は、システム管理者が支援できます。\nブラウザをロードできません わかりやすいエラーメッセージではありません。 申し訳ありませんが、Seleniumサーバーがブラウザをロードできない場合、このエラーが表示される可能性があります。\n(500) Internal Server Error これは、下記が原因の可能性があります。\n Firefox（Selenium 1.0より前）は、ブラウザーが既に開いており、別のプロファイルを指定していないため、起動できません。 サーバーオプションのFirefoxプロファイルのセクションを参照してください。 使用している実行モードは、マシン上のどのブラウザとも一致しません。 プログラムでブラウザーを開いたときに、Seleniumに渡したパラメーターを確認してください。 ブラウザーへのパスを明示的に指定しました（ \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; を使用 - 上記を参照）が、パスが正しくありません。 パスが正しいことを確認してください。 また、ユーザーグループをチェックして、ブラウザーと \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; パラメーターに既知の問題がないことを確認します。  SeleniumはAUTを見つけることができません テストプログラムがブラウザを正常に起動したが、テストしているWebサイトがブラウザに表示されない場合、最も可能性の高い原因は、テストプログラムが正しいURLを使用していないことです。\nこれは簡単に起きます。 Selenium-IDEを使用してスクリプトをエクスポートすると、ダミーのURLが挿入されます。 アプリケーションをテストするには、URLを手動で正しいものに変更する必要があります。\nFirefoxはプロファイルの準備中にシャットダウンを拒否しました これはほとんどの場合、Selenium RCテストプログラムをFirefoxに対して実行しますが、Firefoxブラウザーセッションが既に実行されており、Selenium Serverの起動時に別のプロファイルを指定しなかった場合に発生します。 テストプログラムからのエラーは次のようになります。\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile サーバーからの完全なエラーメッセージを次に示します。\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock これを解決するには、個別のFirefoxプロファイルの指定に関するセクションを参照してください。\nバージョン管理の問題 Seleniumのバージョンがブラウザのバージョンをサポートしていることを確認してください。 たとえば、Selenium RC 0.92はFirefox 3をサポートしていません。 時には幸運かもしれません（私はそうでした）。 ただし、使用しているSeleniumのバージョンでサポートされているブラウザのバージョンを確認することを忘れないでください。 疑わしい場合は、ブラウザの最も広く使用されているバージョンでSeleniumの最新リリースバージョンを使用してください。\nサーバーの起動中のエラーメッセージ： \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; このエラーは、正しいバージョンのJavaを使用していないことを示しています。 Selenium ServerにはJava 1.5以降が必要です。\nJavaバージョンを再確認するには、コマンドラインからこれを実行します。\njava -version Javaバージョンを示すメッセージが表示されます。\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) 低いバージョン番号が表示される場合は、JREを更新するか、単に更新したJREをPATH環境変数に追加する必要があります。\ngetNewBrowserSessionコマンドの実行時の404エラー \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot; でページを開こうとしているときに404エラーが表示される場合は、Seleniumサーバーがプロキシとして正しく構成されていないことが原因である必要があります。 \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; ディレクトリはgoogle.comには存在しません。 プロキシが適切に設定されている場合にのみ存在します。 プロキシ設定は、Firefox、iexplore、opera、またはカスタムでブラウザを起動する方法に大きく依存します。\n  iexplore: *iexplore を使用してブラウザを起動した場合、Internet Explorerのプロキシ設定に問題がある可能性があります。 Seleniumサーバーは、インターネットオプションコントロールパネルでグローバルプロキシ設定を構成しようとします。 Seleniumサーバーがブラウザーを起動するときに、これらが正しく構成されていることを確認する必要があります。 インターネットオプションコントロールパネルを見てみてください。 \u0026ldquo;接続\u0026quot;タブをクリックし、\u0026ldquo;LAN設定\u0026quot;をクリックします。\n プロキシを使用してテストするアプリケーションにアクセスする必要がある場合は、\u0026quot;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026quot;でSeleniumサーバーを起動する必要があります。 詳細については、Proxy Configuration_ を参照してください。 プロキシを手動で設定してから、 *custom または *iehta ブラウザーランチャーでブラウザーを起動することもできます。    custom: *customを使用する場合、プロキシを正しく（手動で）設定する必要があります。 そうしないと、404エラーが発生します。 プロキシ設定が正しく構成されていることを再確認してください。 プロキシを正しく設定したかどうかを確認するには、意図的にブラウザを誤って設定しようとします。 間違ったプロキシサーバーのホスト名または間違ったポートを使用するようにブラウザーを構成してください。 ブラウザのプロキシ設定を正しく構成しなかった場合、ブラウザーはインターネットに接続できなくなります。 これは、関連する設定を調整していることを確認する1つの方法です。\n  他のブラウザ（*firefox、*opera）では、プロキシが自動的にハードコード化されるため、この機能に関する既知の問題はありません。 404エラーが発生し、このユーザーガイドに従っている場合は、ユーザーコミュニティからの助けを得るために、ユーザーグループに結果を慎重に投稿してください。\n  パーミッション拒否エラー このエラーの最も一般的な理由は、セッションがドメインの境界を越える（たとえば、 http://domain1 から、http://domain2 のページにアクセスします）かプロトコルを切り替える（http://domainX から https://domainX に移動する）ことで同一オリジンポリシーに違反しようとしていることです。\nこのエラーは、JavaScriptがまだ使用可能でないUIページ（ページが完全にロードされる前）または使用できなくなった（ページのアンロードが開始された後）UIオブジェクトを見つけようとした場合にも発生します。 これは、AJAXページで最も一般的に発生します。 AJAXページは、大きなページとは独立してロードおよび/またはリロードするページまたはサブフレームのセクションで動作します。\nこのエラーは断続的に発生する場合があります。 問題はデバッガーのオーバーヘッドがシステムに追加されたときに再現できない競合状態に起因するため、デバッガーで問題を再現することはできません。 パーミッションの問題については、チュートリアルで詳しく説明します。 The Same Origin Policy、Proxy Injectionに関する章を注意深くお読みください。\nブラウザーポップアップウィンドウの処理 Seleniumテスト中に取得できる\u0026quot;ポップアップ\u0026quot;にはいくつかの種類があります。 テスト対象アプリケーションではなくブラウザによって開始されたSeleniumコマンドを実行しても、これらのポップアップを閉じることができない場合があります。 これらの管理方法を知る必要があるかもしれません。 ポップアップの種類ごとに異なる方法で対処する必要があります。\n  HTTP基本認証ダイアログ：これらのダイアログは、サイトにログインするためのユーザー名/パスワードの入力を求めます。 HTTP基本認証を必要とするサイトにログインするには、次のように、RFC 1738で説明されているように、URLでユーザー名とパスワードを使用します。 open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL証明書の警告：Selenium RCは、SSL証明書がプロキシとして有効になっている場合、自動的になりすまそうとします。 詳細については、HTTPSの章を参照してください。 ブラウザーが正しく設定されている場合、SSL証明書の警告は表示されませんが、危険な\u0026quot;CyberVillains\u0026quot;SSL認証局を信頼するようにブラウザーを設定する必要があります。 繰り返しますが、これを行う方法についてはHTTPSセクションを参照してください。\n  モーダルJavaScriptアラート/確認/プロンプトダイアログ：Seleniumはそれらのダイアログを（window.alert、window.confirm、window.promptを置き換えることで）隠そうとするため、ページの実行が停止されません。 アラートポップアップが表示されている場合は、ページの読み込みプロセス中に発生した可能性があります。 通常、ページを保護するには早すぎます。 Seleneseには、アラートと確認のポップアップをアサートまたは検証するためのコマンドが含まれています。 第4章のこれらのトピックに関する章を参照してください。\n  Linuxで、Firefoxブラウザーセッションが閉じないのはなぜですか？ Unix/Linuxでは、\u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026quot;を直接呼び出す必要があるため、実行可能ファイルがパス上にあることを確認してください。 シェルスクリプトを介してFirefoxを実行している場合、ブラウザーを終了するときが来ると、Selenium RCはシェルスクリプトを終了し、ブラウザーを実行したままにします。 このように、firefox-binへのパスを直接指定できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome はカスタムプロファイルでは機能しません Firefoxプロファイルのフォルダー -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); を確認してください。 次の行を \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; のようにコメントアウトして、再度試してください。\n親ページの読み込み中にカスタムポップアップを読み込むことはできますか（つまり、親ページのjavascript window.onload()関数が実行される前）？ いいえ。Seleniumはインターセプターに依存しており、ロード中のウィンドウ名を決定します。 これらのインターセプターは、ウィンドウがonload()関数の後にロードされた場合、新しいウィンドウをキャッチするのに最適に機能します。 Seleniumは、onload関数の前にロードされたウィンドウを認識しない場合があります。\nLinux上のFirefox Unix/Linuxでは、1.0より前のSeleniumのバージョンは \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; を直接呼び出す必要があったため、以前のバージョンを使用している場合は、実際の実行可能ファイルがパス上にあることを確認してください。\nほとんどのLinuxディストリビューションでは、実際の firefox-bin は次の場所にあります。\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ x.x.xは現在使用しているバージョン番号です。 そのため、そのパスをユーザーのパスに追加します。 以下を.bashrcファイルに追加する必要があります。\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; 必要に応じて、次のようにテストで直接firefox-binへのパスを指定できます。\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IEおよびスタイル属性 Internet Explorerでテストを実行していて、style属性を使用して要素を見つけられない場合、例えば、次のような場合があります。\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] これはFirefox、Opera、またはSafariで完全に機能しますが、IEでは機能しません。 IEは @style のキーを大文字として解釈します。 したがって、ソースコードが小文字であっても、下記のように使用したほうがよいです。\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] テストが複数のブラウザーで動作することを意図している場合、これは問題ですが、簡単にテストをコーディングして状況を検出し、IEでのみ動作する代替ロケーターを試すことができます。\nエラーが発生しました-*googlechromeブラウザーのシャットダウン時に\u0026quot;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; このエラーを回避するには、同一オリジンポリシーチェックを無効にするオプションでブラウザを起動する必要があります。\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); IEでエラーが発生しました - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; このエラーを回避するには、ブラウザを設定する必要があります。 ポップアップブロッカーを無効にし、ツール \u0026raquo; オプション \u0026raquo;セキュリティで'保護モードを有効にする'オプションをオフにします。\n  ブラウザーは、 localhost:4444 をHTTPプロキシーとして設定した構成プロファイルで起動されます。 これが、ブラウザーが行うHTTP要求がSeleniumサーバーを通過し、レスポンスが実サーバーからではなく通過する理由です。 \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n プロキシは、2つの部分の間でボールを渡す中間の第三者です。 AUTをブラウザに配信する\u0026quot;Webサーバー\u0026quot;として機能します。 プロキシであるため、Seleniumサーバーはテスト対象アプリケーションの実際のURLについて\u0026quot;嘘をつく\u0026quot;機能を提供します。 \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Seleniumプロジェクトとツール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"SeleniumはWebブラウザーを制御します Selenium はいろいろなものがありますが中核となるのは、ブラウザインスタンスをリモートで制御し、ブラウザとのユーザーの対話をエミュレートするために利用可能な最良の技術を使用するWebブラウザ自動化用のツールセットです。\nユーザーは、エンドユーザーが実行する一般的なアクティビティをシミュレートできます。 フィールドにテキストを入力し、ドロップダウン値とチェックボックスを選択し、ドキュメント内のリンクをクリックします。 また、マウスの移動、任意のJavaScriptの実行など、他の多くのコントロールも提供します。\n主にWebサイトのフロントエンドテストに使用されますが、Seleniumはブラウザーユーザーエージェント ライブラリ の中核です。 インターフェイスはアプリケーションに遍在しているため、目的に合わせて他のライブラリとの組み合わせて使うことを奨励します。\nすべてを支配する1つのインターフェース プロジェクトの指針の1つは、すべての（主要な）ブラウザーテクノロジーに共通インターフェイスをサポートすることです。 Webブラウザーは非常に複雑で高度に設計されたアプリケーションであり、まったく異なる方法で操作を実行しますが、実行中に同じように見えることがよくあります。 テキストは同じフォントで表示されますが、画像は同じ場所に表示され、リンクは同じリンク先に移動します。 下で起こっていることは、昼と夜と同じくらい異なっています。 Seleniumはこれらの違いを \u0026ldquo;抽象化\u0026rdquo; し、コードを書いている人から詳細や複雑さを隠します。 これにより、数行のコードを記述して複雑なワークフローを実行できますが、これらの同じ行はFirefox、Internet Explorer、Chrome、およびサポートされている他のすべてのブラウザーで実行されます。\nツールとサポート Seleniumのミニマリストデザインアプローチは、より大きなアプリケーションのコンポーネントとして含まれる汎用性を提供します。 Selenium傘下で提供される周囲のインフラストラクチャは、 ブラウザのグリッド をまとめるツールを提供するため、さまざまなマシンで異なるブラウザーおよび複数のオペレーティングシステムでテストを実行できます。\nサーバールームまたはデータセンターにある積み重なったのコンピューターがすべてブラウザーを同時に起動してサイトのリンク、フォーム、およびテーブルにアクセスし、アプリケーションを24時間テストすることを想像してください。 最も一般的な言語用に提供されたシンプルなプログラミングインターフェイスを介して、これらのテストは休むことなく並行して実行され、エラーが発生したときにレポートを返します。\nブラウザを制御するだけでなく、そのようなグリッドを簡単に拡張および展開できるツールとドキュメントをユーザーに提供することで、これを実現することを目指しています。\n誰がSeleniumを使うか 世界で最も重要な企業の多くは、ブラウザベースのテストにSeleniumを採用しており、多くの場合、他の独自のツールを使用した長年の努力に取って代わりました。 人気が高まるにつれて、その要件と課題が倍増しています。\nウェブがより複雑になり、新しいテクノロジーがウェブサイトに追加されるにつれて、可能な限りそれらに遅れずについていくことがこのプロジェクトの使命です。 オープンソースプロジェクトであるこのサポートは、\u0026ldquo;本業\u0026quot;をもっている多くのボランティアからの寛大な時間の寄付によって提供されます。\nプロジェクトのもう1つの使命は、より多くのボランティアがこの取り組みに参加することを奨励し、プロジェクトが引き続き新しいテクノロジーに追いつき、機能テスト自動化の主要なプラットフォームであり続けることができるよう、強力なコミュニティを構築することです。\n歴史 2004年にSelenium 1がリリースされたとき、Webアプリケーションのフロントエンドで一貫した動作を手動で検証するために費やす時間を削減する必要はありませんでした。 当時利用可能なツールを利用し、テスト中のWebページへのJavaScriptの注入に大きく依存して、ユーザーのインタラクションをエミュレートしました。\nJavaScriptは、DOMのプロパティを内観し、他の方法では実行できない特定のクライアント側の観察を行うことができる優れたツールですが、キーボードが使っているようなマウスとマウスの操作を自然に複製する機能には不十分です。\nそれ以来、Seleniumは多くの成長と成熟を遂げ、世界中のほとんどの大規模な組織ではなく、多くの人々が広く使用するツールになりました。 Seleniumは、ニッチな聴衆と特定のユースケースのためにThoughtworksで開発された自作のテスト自動化ツールキットから、世界の デファクト ブラウザ自動化ライブラリになりました。\nSelenium RCが当時利用可能な業界のツールを利用したように、Selenium WebDriverは、ブラウザインタラクションの部分をブラウザベンダーの本拠地に持ち込み、バックエンドのブラウザー対応実装の責任を取るよう依頼することにより、その伝統を推進しています。 最近、この作業は、SeleniumのWebDriverコンポーネントをユーザーエージェント用の 最新の リモートコントロールライブラリにすることを目標とするW3C標準化プロセスに進化しました。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Seleniumライブラリのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"最初にあなたの自動化プロジェクトにSeleniumのバインディングをインストールする必要があります。 インストールの方法は選択した言語によって異なります。\nJava JavaへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはMavenを使います。 プロジェクトのpom.xmlに selenium-java の依存関係を追加してください。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 依存関係は、Seleniumがサポートする全てのブラウザを自動化プロジェクトで実行できるようにします。 もし特定のブラウザだけでテストを実行したい場合は、そのブラウザの依存関係を pom.xml ファイルに追加することができます。 例えば、Firefoxのみでテストを実行するためには下記の依存関係を pom.xml ファイルに追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 同じように、Chromeのみでテストを実行するためには下記の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python PythonへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはpipを使います。\npip install selenium また、PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz)をダウンロードして、 setup.py でインストールすることもできます。\npython setup.py install C# C#へのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはNuGetを使います。\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby RubyへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはgemを使います。\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript JavaScriptへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはnpmを使います。\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/","title":"はじめる","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。\n クイックツアー  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/","title":"クイックツアー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは一つのツールやAPIではありません。たくさんのツールから構成されています。\nWebDriver デスクトップのウェブサイトのテスト自動化をはじめるのなら、WebDriver APIを使いましょう。 WebDriver はブラウザ自動化のAPIを使用します。このAPIは、ブラウザをコントロールしてテストを実行するためにブラウザベンダーによって提供されています。これは現実のユーザーがブラウザを操作するかのように動きます。 WebDriverのAPIはアプリケーションのコードと一緒にコンパイルする必要がありませんから、全く邪魔になりません。 これによって、あなたは本番環境と同じアプリケーションをテストすることができます。\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment: 統合開発環境)はSeleniumのテストケースを開発するためのツールです。 これは利用しやすいChromeとFirefoxの拡張機能であり、テストケースを開発するための一般に最も効率的なツールです。 IDEはあなたのブラウザ上で、その要素で定義されたパラメーターと共にSeleniumのコマンドを使いユーザーの動作を記録します。 これは時間の節約だけでなく、Seleniumスクリプトのシンタックスを学ぶための優れた方法です。\nGrid Selenium Grid を使用すると、さまざまなプラットフォームのさまざまなマシンでテストケースを実行できます。 テストケースの起動の制御はローカル端末で行われ、テストケースが起動されると、 リモート端末によって自動的に実行されます。\nWebDriverテストの開発後、複数のブラウザーとオペレーティングシステムの組み合わせでテストを実行する必要が出てくる場合があります。 ここで Grid が登場します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"グリッドのコンポーネント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ハブ  仲介者およびマネージャー テストを実行する要求を受け入れます クライアントから命令を受け取り、ノード上でリモートで実行します スレッドを管理します  ハブ は、すべてのテストが送信される中心点です。 各Selenium Gridは、ちょうど1つのハブで構成されます。 ハブは、それぞれのクライアント（CIサーバー、開発者マシンなど）から到達可能である必要があります。 ハブは、テストが委任される1つ以上のノードを接続します。\nノード  ブラウザが存在する場所 ハブに自分自身を登録し、その機能を伝えます ハブからリクエストを受信して実行します  ノード は、個々のコンピューターシステムでテストを実行するさまざまなSeleniumインスタンスです。 グリッドには多くのノードが存在する場合があります。 ノードであるマシンは、ハブまたは他のノードと同じプラットフォームであったり、同じブラウザーを選定する必要はありません。 Windows上のノードは、Internet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能を備えている場合がありますが、これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"グリッドのコンポーネント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  There are certain paragaraphs needs translation from English to Japanese. Do you speak Japanese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n ルーター ルーターがリクエストを正しいコンポーネントに転送します。\nこれはGridのエントリポイントであり、すべての外部リクエストはGridによって受信されます。 ルーターの動作は、リクエストによって異なります。 新しいセッション要求の場合、ルーターはそれをディストリビュータに転送します（新しいセッションの作成が処理されます）。 リクエストが既存のセッションに属している場合、ルーターはセッションIDをセッションマップに送信し、 セッションマップはセッションが実行されているノードを返します。 この後、ルーターはリクエストをノードに転送します。\nルーターは、プロセスで不要なコンポーネントをオーバーロードすることなく、 より適切に処理できるコンポーネントにリクエストを送信することにより、 Grid内の負荷のバランスをとることを目的としています。\nディストリビューター ディストリビューターは、すべてのノードとそのケイパビリティを認識しています。 その主な役割は、新しいセッション要求を受け取り、セッションを作成できる適切なノードを見つけることです。 セッションが作成されると、ディストリビューターは、 セッションIDとセッションが実行されているノードとの関係をセッションマップに格納します。\nノード ノードはGrid内に数回存在することができます。 各ノードは、それが実行されているマシンの利用可能なブラウザのスロットを管理します。\nノードは、イベントバスを介して自身をディストリビューターに登録し、その構成は登録メッセージの一部として送信されます。\nデフォルトでは、ノードは、実行されているマシンのパスで使用可能なすべてのブラウザードライバーを自動登録します。 また、ChromiumベースのブラウザーとFirefoxで使用可能なCPUごとに1つのスロットを作成します。 SafariおよびInternet Explorerの場合、作成されるスロットは1つだけです。 特定の構成を通じて、Dockerコンテナーでセッションを実行できます。 次のセクションで構成の詳細を確認できます。\nノードは受信したコマンドを実行するだけで、評価、判断、制御は行いません。 ノードが実行されているマシンは、他のコンポーネントと同じオペレーティングシステムを持つ必要はありません。 たとえば、WindowsノードにはInternet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能がありますが、 これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nNew Session Queuer, New Session Queue The New Session Queuer is the only component which can communicate with the New Session Queue. It handles all queue operations like add to manipulate the queue. It has configurable parameters for setting the request timeout and request retry interval.\nThe New Session Queuer receives the new session request from the Router and adds it to the queue. The queuer waits until it receives the response for the request. If the request times out, the request is rejected immediately and not added to the queue.\nUpon successfully adding the request to the queue, Event Bus triggers an event. The Distributor picks up this event and polls the queue. It now attempts to create a session.\nIf the requested capabilities do not exist in any of the registered Nodes, then the request is rejected immediately and the client receives a response.\nIf the requested capabilities match the capabilities of any of Node slots, Distributor attempts to get the available slot. If all the slots are busy, the Distributor will ask the queuer to add the request to the front of the queue. The Distributor receives the request again after the request retry interval. It will attempt retries until the request is successful or has timed out. If request times out while retrying or adding to the front of the queue its rejected.\nAfter getting an available slot and session creation, the Distributor passes the new session response to the New Session Queuer via the Event Bus. The New Session Queuer will respond to the client when it receives the event.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nGridの役割 Grid3では、コンポーネントはハブとノードであり、スタンドアロンモードでGridを起動することでそれらを一緒に実行することが可能でした。 同じ概念がGrid4でも利用可能であり、上記のコンポーネントのいくつかをグループ化することでハブを実行することが可能です。 また、スタンドアロンモードですべてのコンポーネントを一緒に実行することも可能です。\nハブ ハブは、次のコンポーネントの結合です。\n ルーター ディストリビューター セッションマップ イベントバス  従来のハブとノードのセットアップを可能にします。\nスタンドアロン 前述のように、スタンドアロンはすべてのコンポーネントの結合であり、ユーザーの目には、それらは1つのコンポーネントとして実行されます。 これには、ハブの一部であるすべてのコンポーネントと1つのノードが含まれます。 スタンドアロンモードで起動すると、1つの完全に機能するGridを使用できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"コンポーネントを理解する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverを使ってテストスイートを構築するには、多くの異なるコンポーネントを理解し、効率的に使用する必要があります。 ソフトウェアのすべてがそうであるように、人によっては同じ概念に異なる用語を使用します。 以下は、本説明での用語の使用方法の内訳です。\n用語  API: アプリケーション プログラミング インターフェイス。これはWebDriverを操作するために使用する\u0026quot;コマンド\u0026quot;をまとめたものです。 ライブラリ: APIとそれらを実装する必要なコードを含むコードモジュール。 ライブラリは各言語バインディング向けのものです。例 .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, など. ドライバー: 実際のブラウザを制御します。 ほとんどのドライバーはブラウザベンダー自身が作成します。ドライバーは一般的にブラウザ自体を備えたシステムで実行される実行可能モジュールであり、テストスイートを実行するシステムにはありません。（ただし、それらは同じシステムであっても構いません。）注: 一部の人々はドライバーをプロキシと呼んでいます。 フレームワーク: WebDriverスイートのサポートとして使用する追加ライブラリ。これらのフレームワークは、JUnitやNUnitなどのテストフレームワークです。また、CucumberまたはRobotiumといった自然言語機能をサポートするフレームワークでもあります。フレームワークは、テスト対象のシステムの操作や構成、データ作成、テストオラクルなどに記述、利用されます。  部品構成 最低限、WebDriverはドライバーを経由してブラウザーと通信します。 コミュニケーションは双方向です：WebDriverは、ドライバーを経由してブラウザーにコマンドを渡し、同じルートを経由して情報を受け取ります。\nドライバーは、ChromeDriver for GoogleのChrome/Chromium、MozillaのFirefox用GeckoDriverなどブラウザー固有のものです。 ドライバーはブラウザと同じシステムで動きます。これは、テスト自体を実行するところが同じシステムである場合とそうでない場合があります。\n上記の簡単な例は 直接 通信です。ブラウザへのコミュニケーションは、Selenium ServerまたはRemoteWebDriverを経由した リモート 通信もできます。RemoteWebDriverは、ドライバーおよびブラウザと同じシステムで実行されます。\nリモート通信は、ホストシステム上のドライバーと順に通信するSelenium ServerまたはSelenium Gridを使用して行うこともできます。\nどのフレームワークに適しているか WebDriverには1つのジョブしかありません:　上記の任意のメソッドを経由してブラウザと通信します。WebDriverはテストに関することを知りません:　WebDriverは物事を比較する方法、成功または失敗を確認する方法を知りません、そして、レポートや Given/When/Then 文法に関しても確実に知りません。\nここで、さまざまなフレームワークが登場します。 最低限必要なのは言語バインディングに一致するテストフレームワーク、例えば NUnit for .NET, JUnitfor Java, RSpec for Ruby などです。\nテストフレームワークは、WebDriverおよびテストの関連手順の実行を担当します。 それは下記図に似ていると考えることができます。\n上図でCucumberなどの自然言語のフレームワーク/ツールがテストフレームワークボックスの一部として存在する場合があります、またはテストフレームワークを独自の実装で完全に密閉する場合があります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"ブラウザ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一般のブラウザ Seleniumフレームワークは公式に以下のブラウザをサポートしています。\n   ブラウザ メンテナ サポートバージョン     Chrome Chromium 全てのバージョン   Firefox Mozilla 54 以上   Edge Microsoft 84 以上   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 以上   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 以上   Safari Apple 10 以上    専用のブラウザ それ以外に専用のブラウザがあります。これらは通常は開発環境で使用されます。 これらのブラウザを自動化の目的で使用することができます。 Seleniumは次の専用のブラウザをサポートしています。\n   ドライバー名 用途 メンテナ     HtmlUnitDriver Rhinoバックエンドのヘッドレスブラウザエミュレーター Seleniumプロジェクト    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"ページオブジェクトモデル","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ページオブジェクトは、テストメンテナンスを強化し、コードの重複を減らすためのテスト自動化で一般的になったデザインパターンです。 ページオブジェクトは、AUT（テスト対象アプリケーション）のページへのインターフェイスとして機能するオブジェクト指向クラスです。 テストは、そのページのUIと対話する必要があるときは常に、このページオブジェクトクラスのメソッドを使用します。 利点は、ページのUIが変更された場合、テスト自体を変更する必要はなく、ページオブジェクト内のコードのみを変更する必要があることです。 その後、その新しいUIをサポートするためのすべての変更は1か所に配置されます。\nページオブジェクトデザインパターンには、次の利点があります。\n テストコードと、ロケーター（またはUIマップを使用している場合はロケーター）、レイアウトなどのページ固有のコードを明確に分離します。 これらのサービスをテスト全体に分散させるのではなく、ページによって提供されるサービスまたは操作用の単一のリポジトリがあります。  どちらの場合でも、これにより、UIの変更により必要な変更をすべて1か所で行うことができます。 この'テストデザインパターン'が広く使用されるようになったため、この手法に関する有用な情報は多数のブログで見つけることができます。 詳細を知りたい読者には、このテーマに関するブログをインターネットで検索することをお勧めします。 多くの人がこの設計パターンについて書いており、このユーザーガイドの範囲を超えた有用なヒントを提供できます。 ただし、簡単に始めるために、ページオブジェクトを簡単な例で説明します。\n最初に、ページオブジェクトを使用しないテスト自動化の典型的な例を考えてみましょう。\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } このアプローチには2つの問題があります。\n テスト方法とAUTのロケーター（この例ではID）の間に区別はありません。 どちらも単一のメソッドで絡み合っています。 AUTのUIが識別子、レイアウト、またはログインの入力および処理方法を変更する場合、テスト自体を変更する必要があります。 IDロケーターは、このログインページを使用する必要があったすべてのテストで、複数のテストに分散されます。  ページオブジェクトの手法を適用すると、この例は、サインインページのページオブジェクトの次の例のように書き換えることができます。\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } そして、ホームページのページオブジェクトは次のようになります。\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } したがって、ログインテストでは、これら2つのページオブジェクトを次のように使用します。\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } ページオブジェクトの設計方法には多くの柔軟性がありますが、テストコードの望ましい保守性を得るための基本的なルールがいくつかあります。\nページオブジェクト自体は、検証やアサーションを行うべきではありません。 これはテストの一部であり、常にページオブジェクトではなく、テストのコード内にある必要があります。 ページオブジェクトには、ページの表現と、ページがメソッドを介して提供するサービスが含まれますが、テスト対象に関連するコードはページオブジェクト内に存在しないようにします。\nページオブジェクト内に存在する可能性のある単一の検証があります。 これは、ページおよびページ上の重要な要素が正しく読み込まれたことを検証するためのものです。 この検証は、ページオブジェクトをインスタンス化する間に実行する必要があります。 上記の例では、SignInPageコンストラクターとHomePageコンストラクターの両方が期待するページを取得し、テストからの要求に対応できることを確認します。\nページオブジェクトは、必ずしもページ全体を表す必要はありません。 ページオブジェクトデザインパターンは、ページ上のコンポーネントを表すために使用できます。 AUTのページに複数のコンポーネントがある場合、コンポーネントごとに個別のページオブジェクトがあると、保守性が向上する場合があります。\nまた、テストで使用できる他のデザインパターンがあります。 ページファクトリを使用してページオブジェクトをインスタンス化するものもあります。 これらすべてについて議論することは、このユーザーガイドの範囲を超えています。 ここでは、読者にできることのいくつかを認識させるための概念を紹介したいだけです。 前述のように、多くの人がこのトピックについてブログを書いていますし、読者がこれらのトピックに関するブログを検索することをお勧めします。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"二要素認証","tags":[],"description":"","content":"2FA として知られている2要素認証は、\u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo; 、 \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; などの\u0026quot;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; モバイルアプリを使用して、 またはSMS、電子メールで認証することにより、 ワンタイムパスワード（OTP）を生成する認証メカニズムです。 これをシームレスかつ一貫して自動化することは、Seleniumの大きな課題です。 このプロセスを自動化する方法はいくつかあります。 しかし、これはSeleniumテストの上にある別のレイヤーであり、また安全でもありません。 したがって、2FAの自動化を回避したほうがいいです。\n2FAチェックを回避するいくつかの選択肢があります。\n テスト環境で特定のユーザーの2FAを無効にして、 それらのユーザー資格情報を自動化で使用できるようにします。 テスト環境で2FAを無効にします。 特定のIPからログインする場合は、2FAを無効にします。 そうすれば、テストマシンのIPを設定してこれを回避できます。  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"共有Capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium WebDriverで新しいセッションを作成するには、ローカルエンドがリモートエンドに基本的なCapabilities（ブラウザの設定情報）を提供する必要があります。 リモートエンドは、一連の同じCapabilitiesを使用してセッションを作成し、現在のセッション機能を描きます。\nWebDriverは、各リモートエンドがCapabilitiesをサポートする/すべきCapabilitiesを提供します。 WebDriverがサポートするCapabilitiesは次のとおりです。\nbrowserName: このCapabilityは、特定のセッションの browserName を設定するために使います。 指定されたブラウザがリモートエンドにインストールされていない場合、セッションの作成は失敗します。\nbrowserVersion: このCapabilityはオプションです。 これは、リモートエンドで使用可能なブラウザーバージョンを設定するために使います。 たとえば、Chromeバージョン80のみがインストールされているシステムでバージョン75を要求すると、セッションの作成は失敗します。\nページロード戦略 URLを介して新しいページに移動する場合、デフォルトでは、Seleniumは応答する前にページが完全にロードされるまで待機します。 これは初心者には効果的ですが、多数のサードパーティリソースをロードするページで長い待ち時間を引き起こす可能性があります。 デフォルト以外の戦略を使用すると、このような場合にテストの実行を高速化できますが、ページの要素がロードされてサイズが変更されると、ページ上の要素の位置が変化する不安定さを引き起こします。\n次の表で説明するように、ページロード戦略は document.readyState を問い合わせます。\n   戦略 Ready State 注釈     normal complete デフォルトで使用され、すべてのリソースがダウンロードされるまで待機します   eager interactive DOMアクセスの準備はできていますが、画像などの他のリソースがまだ読み込まれている可能性があります   none Any WebDriverをまったくブロックしません    platformName これにより、リモートエンドのオペレーティングシステムが識別され、 platformName を取得するとOS名が返されます。\nクラウドベースのプロバイダーでは、 platformName を設定すると、リモートエンドのOSが設定されます。\nacceptInsecureCerts この機能は、セッション中のナビゲーション中に、期限切れ（または）無効な TLS証明書 が使用されているかどうかを確認します。\n機能が false に設定されている場合、ナビゲーションでドメイン証明書の問題が発生すると、 insecure certificate error が返されます。 true に設定すると、無効な証明書はブラウザーによって信頼されます。\nすべての自己署名証明書は、デフォルトでこの機能によって信頼されます。 一度設定すると、 acceptInsecureCerts Capabilityはセッション全体に影響します。\nSession timeouts WebDriverの セッション には特定の セッションタイムアウト 間隔が設定されており、 その間、ユーザーはスクリプトの実行またはブラウザーからの情報の取得の動作を制御できます。\n各セッションタイムアウトは、以下で説明するように、異なる タイムアウト の組み合わせで構成されます。\nScript Timeout: 現在のブラウジングコンテキストで実行中のスクリプトをいつ中断するかを指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 30,000 が課されます。\nPage Load Timeout: 現在のブラウジングコンテキストでWebページをロードする必要がある時間間隔を指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 300,000 が課されます。 ページの読み込みが指定/デフォルトの時間枠を制限する場合、スクリプトは　TimeoutException　によって停止されます。\nImplicit Wait Timeout これは、要素を検索するときに暗黙的な要素の検索戦略を待つ時間を指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 0 が課されます。\nunhandledPromptBehavior 現在のセッションの ユーザープロンプトハンドラー の状態を指定します。 デフォルトでは、 dismiss and notify (却下して通知する) 状態 となります。\nUser Prompt Handler これは、リモートエンドでユーザープロンプトが表示されたときに実行する必要があるアクションを定義します。 これは、 unhandledPromptBehavior Capabilityによって定義され、次の状態があります。\n dismiss (却下) accept (受入) dismiss and notify (却下して通知) accept and notify (受け入れて通知) ignore (無視)  setWindowRect このコマンドは、現在のブラウジングコンテキストウィンドウのサイズと位置を変更します。 このコマンドは、幅 、高さ、x、yを 任意 の引数として受け取る getWindowRect コマンドのセッターとして機能します。\n自動化中、現在のブラウジングコンテキストは、 ブラウザーウィンドウの可視状態を表すウィンドウ状態に関連付けられます。 ウィンドウ状態は、以下です。\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  幅 または 高さ を設定しても、結果のウィンドウサイズが要求されたものと 正確に一致することを保証しません。 これは、一部のドライバはシングルピクセル単位でサイズ変更できない場合があるからです。 このため、 getWindowRect でウィンドウの状態/詳細を取得しても、 ブラウザーに設定された値と等しく一致しない場合があります。\nstrictFileInteractability この新しいcapabilityは、厳密な相互作用チェックを input type = file 要素に適用する必要があるかどうかを示します。 厳密な相互作用チェックはデフォルトでオフになっているため、隠しファイルのアップロードコントロールで Element Send Keys を使用する場合の動作が変更されます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"構成ヘルプ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ヘルプコマンドは、現在のコード実装に基づいて情報を表示します。 したがって、ドキュメントが更新されない場合に備えて、正確な情報を提供します。 それは、新しいバージョンのグリッド4の構成について学習する最も簡単な方法です。\nInfo コマンド infoコマンドは、次のトピックに関する詳細なドキュメントを提供します。\n Seleniumの構成 セキュリティ セッションマップの設定 トレース  構成ヘルプ クイック設定のヘルプと概要は、以下を実行することで提供されます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config セキュリティ 安全な通信とノード登録のためのグリッドサーバーの設定の詳細を取得するには、以下を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security セッションマップの設定 デフォルトでは、グリッドはローカルセッションマップを使用してセッション情報を保存します。 グリッドは、RedisやJDBC-SQLがサポートするデータベースなどの追加のストレージオプションをサポートしています。 別のセッションストレージをセットアップするには、次のコマンドを使用してセットアップ手順を取得します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap OpenTelemetryとJaegerを使用したトレースの設定 デフォルトでは、トレースは有効になっています。 トレースをエクスポートしてJaeger経由で視覚化するには、次のコマンドを使用して手順を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing SeleniumGridコマンドを一覧表示する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help 使用可能なすべてのコマンドとそれぞれの説明が表示されます。\nコンポーネントヘルプコマンド Seleniumロールの後に–help configオプションを渡して、コンポーネント固有の構成情報を取得します。\nスタンドアロン java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help ハブ java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help セッション java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help 新しいセッションキューラー java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help ディストリビューター java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help ルーター java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help ノード java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"目的と主な機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":" すべてのテストの中央エントリポイント ブラウザーが実行されるノード・環境の管理と制御 スケーリング テストを並列実行 クロスプラットフォームでのテスト 負荷分散  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"著作権と帰属","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumのドキュメント 著作権 \u0026copy; 2013-2021 Software Freedom Conservancy\nこのドキュメントをできるだけ完全かつ正確にするためにあらゆる努力が払われましたが、 保証または適合性は暗示されていません。 提供される情報は「現状のまま」です。 著者および出版社は、本書に含まれる情報から生じる損失または損害に関して、 いかなる個人または団体に対しても責任も責任も負わないものとします。 ここに含まれる情報の使用に関して、特許責任は一切負いません。\n帰属 Thanks to: Selenium メイン Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  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.ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @andreastt197 commits  @selenium-ci105 commits  @diemol54 commits  @hazmeister30 commits  @santiycr27 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @lukeis21 commits  @harsha50917 commits  @ddavison16 commits  @davehunt12 commits  @manoj978812 commits  @orieken12 commits  @djangofan12 commits  @liushilive8 commits  @User2534897 commits  @jimholmes6 commits  @imba-tjd6 commits  @mmerrell6 commits  @shs96c6 commits  @picimako5 commits  @vijay445 commits  @cambiph5 commits  @nvonop4 commits  @rivlinp4 commits  @sheg4 commits  @bizob28284 commits  @detro3 commits  @Ardesco3 commits  @TheTestLynx3 commits  @boris7792 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @juperala2 commits  @lmtierney2 commits  @systemboogie2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @sri852 commits  @hoanluu2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  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に著作権があります。\nライセンスは便宜上ここに含まれていますが、 Apache FoundationのWebサイトでも見つけることができます。\nApache License Version 2.0, 2004年1月 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項 1. 定義 「ライセンス」とは、このドキュメントの第1項から第9項までで定義している、 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項を指します。 「ライセンサー」とは、著作権所有者、あるいは著作権所有者が ライセンス付与対象として認めた者を指します。 「法人」とは、行為者と、行為者を管理するか行為者により管理されるか 行為者共通の管理下にある他のすべての者とから成る連合体を指します。 この定義における「管理」とは、 (i) 契約またはその他により、直接または間接的にこの法人の指揮・経営を行う権限、または (ii) この法人の50%以上の株式の所有権 または (iii) 受益所有権を有することを指します。 「あなた」とは、本ライセンスにより付与される権利を行使する個人または法人を指します。 「ソース」形式とは、ソフトウェアのソースコード、ドキュメントソース、 設定ファイルといった、変更を加えるのに好都合な形式を指します。 「オブジェクト」形式とは、コンパイルされたオブジェクトコード、生成されたドキュメント、 他のメディアへの変換物といった、ソース形式の機械的な変換により生じる形式を指します。 「成果物」とは、ソース形式であるとオブジェクト形式であるとを問わず、 製作物に挿入または添付される（後出の付録に例がある）著作権表示で示された著作物で、 本ライセンスに基づいて利用が許されるものを指します。 「派生成果物」とは、編集上の改訂、注解、推敲など、 成果物を基にしていて全体としてオリジナル著作物と呼べるような製作物全般を指します。 本ライセンスでは、成果物や派生成果物から分離できる製作物や、 成果物や派生成果物のインタフェースへの単なるリンク（または名前によるバインド）を、 派生成果物に含めません。 「コントリビューション」とは、成果物のオリジナルバージョンならびに成果物 または派生成果物への変更や追加も含めて、著作権所有者あるいは著作権所有者が認めた 個人または法人による成果物への組み込みを意図してライセンサーに提出される 著作物全般を指します。 この定義における「提出」とは、成果物を論じたり改良するためにライセンサー またはその代理者により管理される電子的メーリングリスト、ソースコード管理システム、 問題追跡システムといった、電子的方法、口頭、または書面で、 ライセンサーまたはその代理者に情報を送ることを指します。 ただし、著作権所有者が書面で「コントリビューションでない」と明示したものは除きます。 「コントリビューター」とは、ライセンサーおよびその代理を務める個人または法人で、 自分のコントリビューションがライセンサーに受領されて成果物に組み込まれた者を指します。 2. 著作権ライセンスの付与 本ライセンスの条項に従って、各コントリビューターはあなたに対し、 ソース形式であれオブジェクト形式であれ、成果物および派生成果物を複製したり、 派生成果物を作成したり、公に表示したり、公に実行したり、サブライセンスしたり、 頒布したりする、無期限で世界規模で非独占的で使用料無料で取り消し不能な 著作権ライセンスを付与します。 3. 特許ライセンスの付与 本ライセンスの条項に従って、各コントリビューターはあなたに対し、 成果物を作成したり、使用したり、販売したり、販売用に提供したり、 インポートしたり、その他の方法で移転したりする、 無期限で世界規模で非独占的で使用料無料で取り消し不能な （この項で明記したものは除く）特許ライセンスを付与します。 ただし、このようなライセンスは、コントリビューターによって ライセンス可能な特許申請のうち、当該コントリビューターのコントリビューションを 単独または該当する成果物と組み合わせて用いることで必然的に侵害されるものにのみ 適用されます。 あなたが誰かに対し、交差請求や反訴を含めて、 成果物あるいは成果物に組み込まれたコントリビューションが 直接または間接的な特許侵害に当たるとして特許訴訟を起こした場合、 本ライセンスに基づいてあなたに付与された特許ライセンスは、 そうした訴訟が正式に起こされた時点で終了するものとします。 4. 再頒布 あなたは、ソース形式であれオブジェクト形式であれ、変更の有無に関わらず、 以下の条件をすべて満たす限りにおいて、成果物またはその派生成果物のコピーを 複製したり頒布したりすることができます。 (a) 成果物または派生成果物の他の受領者に本ライセンスのコピーも渡すこと。 (b) 変更を加えたファイルについては、あなたが変更したということが よくわかるような告知を入れること。 (c) ソース形式の派生成果物を頒布する場合は、ソース形式の成果物に含まれている著作権、 特許、商標、および帰属についての告知を、派生成果物のどこにも関係しないものは除いて、 すべて派生成果物に入れること。 (d) 成果物の一部として「NOTICE」に相当するテキストファイルが含まれている場合は、 そうしたNOTICEファイルに含まれている帰属告知のコピーを、 派生成果物のどこにも関係しないものは除いて、頒布する派生成果物に入れること。 その際、次のうちの少なくとも1箇所に挿入すること。 (i) 派生成果物の一部として頒布するNOTICEテキストファイル、 (ii) ソース形式またはドキュメント（派生成果物と共にドキュメントを頒布する場合）、 (iii) 派生成果物によって生成される表示 （こうした第三者告知を盛り込むことが標準的なやり方になっている場合）。 NOTICEファイルの内容はあくまで情報伝達用であって、 本ライセンスを修正するものであってはなりません。 あなたは頒布する派生成果物に自分の帰属告知を （成果物からのNOTICEテキストに並べて、またはその付録として）追加できますが、 これはそうした追加の帰属告知が本ライセンスの修正と 解釈されるおそれがない場合に限られます。 あなたは自分の修正物に自らの著作権表示を追加することができ、 自分の修正物の使用、複製、または頒布について、あるいはそうした派生成果物の全体について、 付加的なライセンス条項または異なるライセンス条項を設けることができます。 ただし、これは成果物についてのあなたの使用、複製、および頒布が、 それ以外の点で本ライセンスの条項に従っている場合に限られます。 5. コントリビューションの提出 特に断りがない限り、あなたが成果物への組み込みを意図してライセンサーに 提出したコントリビューションは、付加的な条項がなければ、 本ライセンスの条項に従うものとします。 上述の規定にかかわらず、そうしたコントリビューションに関してあなたがライセンサーと 結んだかもしれない別のライセンス契約の条項を、ここで無効にしたり 修正したりすることはありません。 6. 商標 本ライセンスでは、成果物の出所を記述したりNOTICEファイルの内容を複製するときに 必要になる妥当で慣習的な使い方は別として、ライセンサーの商号、商標、サービスマーク、 または製品名の使用権を付与しません。 7. 保証の否認 適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 ライセンサーは成果物を（そしてコントリビューターは各自のコントリビューションを） 「現状のまま」提供するものとし、明示黙示を問わず、タイトル、非侵害性、 商業的な使用可能性、および特定の目的に対する適合性を含め、 いかなる保証も条件も提供しません。 あなたは成果物の使用や再頒布の適切性を自分で判断する責任を持つと共に、 本ライセンスにより付与される権利を行使することに伴うすべてのリスクを負うことになります。 8. 責任の制限 いかなる条件および法理論においても、不法行為（過失を含む）、契約、 またはその他いかなる場合でも、適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 コントリビューターは本ライセンスまたは成果物の使い方に関連して生じる直接損害、 間接損害、偶発的な損害、特別損害、懲罰的損害、または結果損害を含め、 営業権の損失、業務の停止、コンピューター障害または誤作動、 その他の商業上の損害や損失など、いかなる損害に対しても、 たとえそうした損害の可能性をたとえ知らされていたとしても、 あなたに責任を負わないものとします。 9. 保証または追加的責任の引き受け 成果物またはその派生成果物を再頒布する際、あなたはサポート、保証、損害補償、 またはその他の責任や、本ライセンスに矛盾しない権利を提示し、 これを有料にすることができます。 ただし、そうした責任を引き受ける場合、あなたはそれを自分自身のためにだけ 自己責任として行えるのであって、他のコントリビューターのために行うことはできません。 また、あなたはそうした保証や追加的責任のせいで他のコントリビューターに 責任が降りかかったり賠償要求が出されたとしても、それらのコントリビューターに 損害が及ぶのを防ぐと共に各コントリビューターの損害を補償することに同意しなければなりません。 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項の終わり 付録： Apache Licenseの適用の仕方 あなたの製作物にApache Licenseを適用するときは、次の定型文を添付してください。 ただし、\u0026#34;[]\u0026#34;で囲まれている部分は、あなた自身の識別情報に置き換えてください （その際、角括弧は取り除きます）。 また、この文言を該当するファイル形式に合ったコメント構文で囲んでください。 さらに、第三者アーカイブ内での識別を容易にするため、 ファイル名またはクラス名ならびに趣旨説明が著作権表示と同じ「印刷ページ」に 現れるようにすることをお勧めします。 Copyright [yyyy] [著作権所有者の名前] Apache License Version 2.0（「本ライセンス」）に基づいてライセンスされます。 あなたがこのファイルを使用するためには、本ライセンスに従わなければなりません。 本ライセンスのコピーは下記の場所から入手できます。 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 本ライセンスに基づいて頒布されるソフトウェアは、明示黙示を問わず、 いかなる保証も条件もなしに「現状のまま」頒布されます。 本ライセンスでの権利と制限を規定した文言については、本ライセンスを参照してください。 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"RCからWebDriverへの移行","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium WebDriverに移行する方法 Selenium 2を採用する際によくある質問は、「既存のテストセットに新しいテストを追加するときに正しいことは何ですか？」ということです。 フレームワークを初めて使用するユーザーは、新しいWebDriver APIを使用してテストを作成することから始めることができます。 しかし、既存のテストスイートを既に持っているユーザーはどうでしょうか？ このガイドは、既存のテストを新しいAPIに移行し、WebDriverが提供する新機能を使用してすべての新しいテストを作成する方法を示すことを目的としています。\nここで紹介する方法は、1回の大規模なプッシュですべてをやり直す必要のない、WebDriver APIへの断片的な移行について説明しています。 これは、既存のテストの移行により多くの時間を割り当てることができることを意味します。 これにより、どこに労力を費やすかを決定しやすくなります。\nこのガイドは、移行を行うための最良のサポートがあるため、Javaを使用して書かれています。 他の言語用のより優れたツールを提供するため、このガイドはそれらの言語を含むように拡張されます。\nWebDriverに移行する理由 一連のテストをあるAPIから別のAPIに移動するには、多大な労力が必要です。 なぜあなたとあなたのチームはこの動きを検討するのですか？ WebDriverを使用するためにSeleniumテストを移行することを検討する必要があるいくつかの理由を以下に示します。\n 小さくコンパクトなAPI。 WebDriverのAPIは、元のSelenium RC APIよりもオブジェクト指向です。 これにより、作業が容易になります。 ユーザー操作のより良いエミュレーション。 可能な場合、WebDriverはWebページと対話するためにネイティブイベントを使用します。 これは、ユーザーがサイトやアプリを操作する方法をより厳密に模倣しています。 さらに、WebDriverは、サイトとの複雑な相互作用をモデル化できる高度なユーザーインタラクションAPIを提供します。 ブラウザーベンダーによるサポート。 Opera、Mozilla、GoogleはすべてWebDriverの開発に積極的に参加しており、それぞれにフレームワークの改善に取り組んでいるエンジニアがいます。 多くの場合、これはWebDriverのサポートがブラウザー自体に組み込まれていることを意味します。 テストは可能な限り高速で安定して実行されます。  はじめる前に 移行プロセスを可能な限り簡単にするために、すべてのテストが最新のSeleniumリリースで正しく実行されることを確認してください。 これは当たり前のように聞こえるかもしれませんが、言ってもらうのが最善です！\nはじめに 移行を開始する最初の手順は、Seleniumのインスタンスの取得方法を変更することです。 Selenium RCを使用する場合、これは次のように行われます。\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); これは次のように置き換える必要があります。\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); 次のステップ テストがエラーなしで実行されたら、次の段階は実際のテストコードを移行してWebDriver APIを使用することです。 コードがどれだけ適切に抽象化されているかによって、これは短いプロセスまたは長いプロセスになります。 どちらの場合でも、アプローチは同じであり、簡単に要約できます。 編集するときに新しいAPIを使用するようにコードを変更します。\n基になるWebDriver実装をSeleniumインスタンスから抽出する必要がある場合は、WrapsDriverにキャストするだけです。\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); これにより、通常どおりSeleniumインスタンスの受け渡しを続けることができますが、必要に応じてWebDriverインスタンスのラップを解除できます。\nある時点で、コードベースは主に新しいAPIを使用します。 この時点で、WebDriverを使用して関係を反転し、オンデマンドでSeleniumインスタンスをインスタンス化できます。\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); 一般的な問題 幸いなことに、この移行を最初に行ったのはあなたではないので、他の人が経験した一般的な問題とその解決方法を以下に示します。\nクリックと入力がより完全に Selenium RCテストの一般的なパターンは、以下のとおりです。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); これは、ユーザーがページと対話した場合に通常発生するすべてのイベントも発生せずに、\u0026ldquo;type\u0026quot;が識別された要素のコンテンツを単に置き換えるという事実に依存しています。 \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; の最後の直接呼び出しにより、JSハンドラーが期待どおりに起動します。\nWebDriverBackedSeleniumを使用する場合、フォームフィールドに入力した結果は \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo; になります。 期待したものではありません！ これは、WebDriverがユーザーの動作をより正確にエミュレートするため、ずっとイベントを発火させていたためです。\nこの同じ事実により、Selenium 1テストよりも早くページの読み込みが発生する場合があります。 \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026quot;がWebDriverによってスローされた場合、これが発生したことを確認できます。\nWaitForPageToLoadがすぐに戻る ページの読み込みが完了したことを発見するのは難しい仕事です。 \u0026ldquo;ロードイベントが発生したとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;すべてのAJAXリクエストが完了したとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;ネットワークトラフィックがないとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;document.readyStateが変更されたとき\u0026rdquo;、または他の全体的な何かを意味しますか？\nWebDriverは元のSeleniumの動作をシミュレートしようとしますが、これはさまざまな理由で常に完全に機能するとは限りません。 最も一般的な理由は、ページの読み込みがまだ開始されていないことと、ページ呼び出しがメソッド呼び出し間で完了したことの違いを見分けることが難しいことです。 これは、ページの読み込みが完了する前（または開始される前）に制御がテストに返されることを意味する場合があります。\nこれに対する解決策は、特定の何かを待つことです。 一般的に、これは次にやり取りしたい要素、または特定の値に設定されるJavascript変数のためのものです。 例えば、\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; は次のように実装されます。\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } これは複雑に見えるかもしれませんが、ほとんどすべての定型コードです。 唯一の興味深い点は、 \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; メソッドが \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; でもBoolean.FALSEでもないものを返すまで、 \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; が繰り返し評価されることです。\nもちろん、これらの \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; 呼び出しをすべて追加すると、コードが混乱する可能性があります。 その場合で、ニーズが単純な場合は、暗黙的な待機の使用を検討してください。\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); これにより、要素が見つかるたびに、要素が存在しない場合は、存在するか、30秒が経過するまで位置が再試行されます。\nXPathまたはCSSセレクターによる検索は常に機能するとは限りませんが、Selenium1では機能します Selenium 1では、xpathがブラウザ自体の機能ではなく、バンドルされたライブラリを使用するのが一般的でした。 代替手段がない限り、WebDriverは常にネイティブブラウザーメソッドを使用します。 つまり、一部のブラウザでは複雑なxpath式が壊れる場合があります。\nSelenium 1のCSSセレクターは、Sizzleライブラリを使用して実装されました。 これにより、CSS Selector仕様のスーパーセットが実装され、どこで境界を越えたかが常に明確になるとは限りません。 WebDriverBackedSeleniumを使用していて、要素の検索にCSSセレクターの代わりにSizzleロケーターを使用している場合、コンソールに警告が記録されます。 特に要素を見つけることができないためにテストが失敗する場合、これらを探すのに時間をかける価値があります。\nBrowserbotはありません Selenium RCはSelenium Coreに基づいていたため、Javascriptを実行すると、Selenium Coreの一部にアクセスして作業を簡単にすることができました。 WebDriverはSelenium Coreに基づいていないため、これは不可能です。 Selenium Coreを使用しているかどうかをどのように確認できますか？ シンプル！ \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; または同様の呼び出しが、評価されたJavascriptで \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; または \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; を使用しているかどうかを確認してください。\nbrowserbotを使用して、テストの現在のウィンドウまたはドキュメントへのハンドルを取得している可能性があります。 幸いなことに、WebDriverは常に現在のウィンドウのコンテキストでJSを評価するため、\u0026ldquo;ウィンドウ\u0026quot;または\u0026quot;ドキュメント\u0026quot;を直接使用できます。\nまたは、Browserbotを使用して要素を見つけることもできます。 WebDriverでは、これを行うためのイディオムは、最初に要素を見つけ、それを引数としてJavascriptに渡すことです。 従って、\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); このようになります。\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); 渡された \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; 変数が、JS標準の \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; 配列の最初の項目としてどのように表示されるかに注目してください。\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriverのJavascriptExecutorは、すべてのJSをラップし、匿名式として評価します。 これは、 \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; キーワードを使用する必要があることを意味します。\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); このようになります。\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"WebDriverバイナリのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"プロジェクトを実行し、ブラウザをコントロールするためにはブラウザ固有のWebDriverバイナリをインストールする必要があります。\n使用するブラウザがサポートするWebDriverバイナリをダウンロードして、 System PATHの通った場所に配置してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"グリッドを使用する場合","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一般的に、グリッドを使用する理由は2つあります。\n 複数のブラウザー、複数のバージョンのブラウザー、および異なるオペレーティングシステムで実行されているブラウザーに対してテストを実行するため。 テストスイートがテストがパスするのに完了するのにかかる時間を短縮するため。  グリッドは、複数のマシンを使用してテストを並行して実行することにより、テストパスの実行を高速化するために使用されます。 たとえば、100個のテストスイートがあり、それらのテストを実行するために4つの異なるマシン（VMまたは個別の物理マシン）をサポートするようにグリッドをセットアップした場合、テストスイートは単一のマシンでテストを連続して実行した場合と比較して（およそ）4分の1の時間で完了します。 大規模なテストスイート、および大量のデータ検証を実行するような長時間実行されるテストスイートの場合、これは大幅な時間の節約になります。 一部のテストスイートの実行には数時間かかる場合があります。 スイートの実行に費やす時間を増やすもう1つの理由は、開発者がAUTのコードをチェックインした後のテスト結果の所要時間を短縮することです。 アジャイルソフトウェア開発を実践しているソフトウェアチームは、一晩テストパスを一晩待つのではなく、できるだけ早くテストフィードバックを求めています。\nグリッドは、複数のランタイム環境、特に異なるブラウザーに対して同時に実行するテストをサポートするためにも使用されます。 たとえば、仮想マシンの\u0026quot;グリッド\u0026quot;は、テスト対象のアプリケーションがサポートする必要がある異なるブラウザーをサポートするようにセットアップできます。 したがって、マシン1にはInternet Explorer 8、マシン2、Internet Explorer 9、マシン3は最新のChrome、マシン4は最新のFirefoxを持っています。 テストスイートが実行されると、Selenium-Gridは各テストブラウザーの組み合わせを受け取り、必要なブラウザーに対して実行する各テストを割り当てます。\nさらに、すべて同じブラウザ、タイプ、およびバージョンのグリッドを持つことができます。 たとえば、それぞれがFirefox 70の3つのインスタンスを実行する4台のマシンのグリッドを持つことができ、利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスの\u0026quot;ある意味\u0026quot;での\u0026quot;サーバーファーム\u0026quot;を可能にします。 スイートが実行されると、各テストはグリッドに渡され、グリッドは次に利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスにテストを割り当てます。 この方法で、おそらく12のテストがすべて同時に並行して実行されるテストパスを取得し、テストパスの完了に必要な時間を大幅に短縮します。\nグリッドは非常に柔軟です。 これらの2つの例を組み合わせて、各ブラウザタイプとバージョンの複数のインスタンスを許可することができます。 このような構成では、迅速にテストがパスすることを完了するための並列実行と、複数のブラウザタイプおよびバージョンの同時サポートの両方が提供されます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumはプラグインを通して拡張することができます。ここにはサードパーティによって作られたいくつかのプラグインがあります。 独自のプラグインを作成する、またはリストする方法についてはドキュメントを参照してください。\nこれらのプラグインはSeleniumプロジェクトによってサポート、メンテナンス、主催、承認されているものではないことに注意してください。加えて、以下にリストされているプラグインは必ずしもApache License v.2.0によってライセンスされているわけではありません。 いくつかは他のフリーかつオープンソースのライセンス下で使用可能であり、他のいくつかはプロプライエタリなライセンスの下でのみ使用可能です。プラグインとその配布ライセンスに関するどんな質問も、それぞれの開発者に対して上げる必要があります。\n   ブラウザ 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー     Mozilla GeckoDriver 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー   Google Chrome Driver 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー   Opera 最新版 - イシュートラッカー   Microsoft Edge Driver 最新版 - イシュートラッカー   SafariDriver ビルトイン - イシュートラッカー    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"テスト自動化について","tags":[],"description":"","content":"まず、本当にブラウザを使用する必要があるかどうかを自問することから始めます。 ある時点で複雑なWebアプリケーションで作業している場合、おそらくブラウザを開いて実際にテストする必要があるでしょう。\nただし、Seleniumテストなどの機能的なエンドユーザーテストの実行には費用がかかります。 さらに、それらは通常、効果的に実行するために適切なインフラストラクチャを配置する必要があります。 単体テストなどのより軽量なテストアプローチを使用して、または下位レベルのアプローチを使用して、テストすることを実行できるかどうかを常に自問するのは良いルールです。\nWebブラウザーのテストビジネスに参加していることを確認し、Selenium環境でテストの記述を開始できるようになったら、通常は3つのステップを組み合わせて実行します。\n データを設定する 個別の一連のアクションを実行する 結果を評価する  これらの手順はできるだけ短くしてください。 ほとんどの場合、1つまたは2つの操作で十分です。 ブラウザの自動化は\u0026quot;不安定\u0026quot;であるという評判がありますが、実際には、ユーザーが頻繁に多くを求めることが多いためです。 後の章では、特にブラウザーとWebDriver間の競合状態を克服する方法に関する、テストでの断続的な問題を軽減するために使用できる手法に戻ります。\nテストを短くして、代替手段がまったくない場合にのみWebブラウザーを使用することで、不安定さを最小限にして多くのテストを実行できます。\nSeleniumテストの明確な利点は、ユーザーの観点から、バックエンドからフロントエンドまで、アプリケーションのすべてのコンポーネントをテストする固有の機能です。 つまり、機能テストは実行に費用がかかる可能性がありますが、同時にビジネスに不可欠な大規模な部分も含まれます。\nテスト要件 前述のように、Seleniumテストの実行には費用がかかる場合があります。 どの程度までテストを実行しているブラウザーに依存しますが、歴史的にブラウザーの動作は非常に多様であるため、多くの場合、複数のブラウザーに対するクロステストの目標として述べられてきました。\nSeleniumを使用すると、複数のオペレーティングシステム上の複数のブラウザーに対して同じ命令を実行できますが、すべての可能なブラウザー、それらの異なるバージョン、およびそれらが実行される多くのオペレーティングシステムの列挙はすぐに重要な作業になります。\n例から始めましょう ラリーは、ユーザーがカスタムユニコーンを注文できるWebサイトを作成しました。\n一般的なワークフロー（\u0026ldquo;ハッピーパス\u0026quot;と呼ぶ）は次のようなものです。\n アカウントを作成する ユニコーンを設定する ショッピングカートにユニコーンを追加します チェックアウトしてお支払い ユニコーンについてフィードバックを送る  これらのすべての操作を実行するために1つの壮大なSeleniumスクリプトを作成するのは魅力的です。 その誘惑に抵抗しましょう！ そうすると、\na）時間がかかる\nb）ページレンダリングのタイミングの問題に関する一般的な問題が発生する\nc）失敗した場合、簡潔で\u0026quot;一目瞭然\u0026quot;にならない、何がうまくいかなかったかを診断する方法がない\nというテストになります。\nこのシナリオをテストするための好ましい戦略は、一連の独立した迅速なテストに分割することです。 各テストには、1つの\u0026quot;理由\u0026quot;が存在します。\n2番目のステップであるユニコーンの構成をテストしたいと思います。 次のアクションを実行します。\n アカウントを作成する ユニコーンを設定する  これらの手順の残りをスキップしていることに注意してください。 この手順を完了した後、他の小さな個別のテストケースで残りのワークフローをテストします。\n開始するには、アカウントを作成する必要があります。 ここには、いくつかの選択があります。\n 既存のアカウントを使用しますか？ 新しいアカウントを作成しますか？ 設定を開始する前に考慮する必要があるそのようなユーザーの特別なプロパティはありますか？  この質問への回答方法に関係なく、テストの\u0026quot;データのセットアップ\u0026quot;部分の一部にすると解決します。 ラリーが、ユーザー（またはだれでも）がユーザーアカウントを作成および更新できるAPIを公開している場合は、それを使用してこの質問に回答してください。 可能であれば、資格情報を使用してログインできるユーザーが\u0026quot;手元に\u0026quot;いる場合にのみブラウザを起動します。\n各ワークフローの各テストがユーザーアカウントの作成から始まる場合、各テストの実行に何秒も追加されます。 APIの呼び出しとデータベースとの対話は、ブラウザを開いたり、適切なページに移動したり、フォームをクリックして送信されるのを待つなどの高価なプロセスを必要としない、迅速な\u0026quot;ヘッドレス\u0026quot;操作です。\n理想的には、1行のコードでこのセットアップフェーズに対処できます。 これは、ブラウザーが起動する前に実行されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     ご想像のとおり、 UserFactory を拡張して createAdminUser() や createUserWithPayment() などのメソッドを提供できます。 重要なのは、これらの2行のコードは、このテストの最終目的であるユニコーンの構成からあなたをそらすものではないということです。\nページオブジェクトモデルの込み入った事柄については、後の章で説明しますが、ここで概念を紹介します。\nテストは、サイトのページのコンテキスト内で、ユーザーの観点から実行されるアクションで構成される必要があります。 これらのページはオブジェクトとして保存され、Webページがどのように構成され、アクションがどのように実行されるかに関する特定の情報が含まれます。\nどんなユニコーンが欲しいですか？ ピンクが必要かもしれませんが、必ずしもそうではありません。 紫は最近非常に人気があります。 彼女はサングラスが必要ですか？ スタータトゥー？ これらの選択は困難ですが、テスターとしての最大の関心事です。 発送センターが適切なユニコーンを適切な人に送信することを確認する必要があります。\nこの段落では、ボタン、フィールド、ドロップダウン、ラジオボタン、またはWebフォームについては説明していません。 また、テストするべきではありません！ ユーザーが問題を解決しようとしているようにコードを書きたいと思います。 これを実行する1つの方法を次に示します（前の例から継続）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     ユニコーンの設定が完了したら、ステップ3に進んで、ユニコーンが実際に機能することを確認する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     テスターはまだこのコードでユニコーンについて話しているだけです。 ボタンもロケーターもブラウザーコントロールもありません。 ラリーが来週、Ruby-on-Railsが好きではなくなったと判断し、Fortranフロントエンドを使用して最新のHaskellバインディングでサイト全体を再実装することを決めた場合でも、アプリケーションを モデル化する この方法により、これらのテストレベルのコマンドを所定の位置に変えずに維持できます。\nページオブジェクトは、サイトの再設計に準拠するために若干のメンテナンスが必要になりますが、これらのテストは同じままです。 この基本的な設計を採用することで、可能な限りブラウザに面した最小限の手順でワークフローを進めていきたいと思うでしょう。 次のワークフローでは、ユニコーンをショッピングカートに追加します。 カートの状態が適切に維持されていることを確認するために、おそらくこのテストを何度も繰り返す必要があります。 開始する前に、カートに複数のユニコーンがありますか？ ショッピングカートには何個収容できますか？ 同じ名前や機能で複数作成すると、壊れますか？ 既存のものを保持するだけですか、それとも別のものを追加しますか？\nワークフローを移動するたびに、アカウントを作成し、ユーザーとしてログインし、ユニコーンを設定する必要を避けたいと考えています。 理想的には、APIまたはデータベースを介してアカウントを作成し、ユニコーンを事前設定できるようになります。 その後、ユーザーとしてログインし、きらめきを見つけてカートに追加するだけです。\n自動化するかしないか 自動化は常に有利ですか？ テストケースの自動化をいつ決定する必要がありますか？\nテストケースを自動化することは必ずしも有利ではありません。 手動テストがより適切な場合があります。 たとえば、近い将来にアプリケーションのユーザーインターフェースが大幅に変更される場合は、自動化を書き換える必要があるかもしれません。 また、テストの自動化を構築する時間が足りない場合もあります。 短期的には、手動テストの方が効果的です。 アプリケーションの期限が非常に厳しい場合、現在利用できるテストの自動化はなく、その期間内にテストを実施することが不可欠です。 手動テストが最適なソリューションです。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"ドメイン固有言語（DSL）","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ドメイン固有言語（DSL）は、問題を解決するための表現手段をユーザーに提供するシステムです。 それによって、ユーザーは、プログラマーの言葉でなく、自分の言葉でシステムとやりとりすることができます。\n通常、ユーザーはサイトの外観を気にしません。 装飾、アニメーション、グラフィックスは気にしません。 彼らはあなたのシステムを使用して、新しい従業員を最小限の難しさでプロセスに押し込みたいと考えています。 彼らはアラスカへの旅行を予約したい。 ユニコーンを設定して割引価格で購入したいのです。 テスターとしてのあなたの仕事は、この考え方を\u0026quot;とらえる\u0026quot;ことにできるだけ近づくことです。 それを念頭に置いて、テストスクリプト（ユーザーの唯一のプレリリースの代理人）がユーザーを\u0026quot;代弁し\u0026rdquo;、表現するように、作業中のアプリケーションの\u0026quot;モデリング\u0026quot;に取り掛かります。\nSeleniumでは、DSLは通常、APIをシンプルで読みやすいように記述したメソッドで表されます。 開発者と利害関係者（ユーザー、製品所有者、ビジネスインテリジェンススペシャリストなど）との伝達が可能になります。\n利点  Readable: ビジネス関係者はそれを理解できます。 Writable: 書きやすく、不要な重複を避けます。 Extensible: 機能は（合理的に）契約と既存の機能を壊すことなく追加できます。 Maintainable: 実装の詳細をテストケースから除外することにより、AUT* の変更に対して十分に隔離されます。  Java Javaの妥当なDSLメソッドの例を次に示します。 簡潔にするために、driverオブジェクトが事前に定義されており、メソッドで使用可能であることを前提としています。\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } このメソッドは、テストコードから入力フィールド、ボタン、クリック、さらにはページの概念を完全に抽象化します。 このアプローチを使用すると、テスターはこのメソッドを呼び出すだけで済みます。 これにより、メンテナンスの利点が得られます。 ログインフィールドが変更された場合、テストではなく、このメソッドを変更するだけで済みます。\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } 繰り返しになります。 主な目標の1つは、 テストが UIの問題ではなく、手元の問題 に対処できるAPIを作成することです。 UIはユーザーにとって二次的な関心事です。ユーザーはUIを気にせず、ただ仕事をやりたいだけです。 テストスクリプトは、ユーザーがやりたいことと知りたいことの長々としたリストのように読む必要があります。 テストでは、UIがどのようにそれを実行するように要求するかについて、気にするべきではありません。\n*AUT: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"ドライバー固有の機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox FirefoxOptions を使用してCapabilitiesを定義する FirefoxOptions は、Firefoxブラウザの機能を定義する新しい方法であり、通常はDesiredCapabilitiesよりも優先して使用する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     カスタムプロファイルを設定する 以下に示すように、Firefoxのカスタムプロファイルを作成することができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout 環境によっては、ファイルアップロードダイアログを開くときにInternet Explorerがタイムアウトする場合があります。 IEDriverのデフォルトのタイムアウトは1000ミリ秒ですが、fileUploadDialogTimeout capabilityを使用してタイムアウトを増やすことができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession この機能を true に設定すると、手動またはドライバーによって開始されたものを含め、 InternetExplorerの実行中のすべてのインスタンスのキャッシュ、ブラウザー履歴、およびCookieがクリアされます。 デフォルトでは、false に設定されています。\nこの機能を使用すると、ドライバーがIEブラウザーを起動する前にキャッシュがクリアされるまで待機するため、 ブラウザーの起動中にパフォーマンスが低下します。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorerドライバーは、ブラウザーのズームレベルが100％であることを想定しています。 それ以外の場合、ドライバーは例外をスローします。 このデフォルトの動作は、 ignoreZoomSetting を true に設定することで無効にできます。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings 新しいIEセッションの起動中に 保護モード チェックをスキップするかどうか。\n設定されておらず、 保護モード 設定がすべてのゾーンで同じでない場合、 ドライバーによって例外がスローされます。\nケイパビリティを true に設定すると、テストが不安定になったり、応答しなくなったり、 ブラウザがハングしたりする場合があります。 ただし、これはまだ2番目に良い選択であり、最初の選択は 常に 各ゾーンの保護モード設定を手動で実際に設定することです。 ユーザーがこのプロパティを使用している場合、「ベストエフォート」のみがサポートされます。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent true に設定すると、このケイパビリティはIEDriverServerの診断出力を抑制します。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorerには、ブラウザーのトラブルシューティングと構成を可能にするいくつかのコマンドラインオプションが含まれています。\n次に、サポートされているいくつかのコマンドラインオプションについて説明します。\n  -private : IEをプライベートブラウジングモードで起動するために使用されます。 これはIE 8以降のバージョンで機能します。\n  -k : Internet Explorerをキオスクモードで起動します。 ブラウザは、アドレスバー、ナビゲーションボタン、またはステータスバーを表示しない最大化されたウィンドウで開きます。\n  -extoff : アドオンなしモードでIEを起動します。 このオプションは、ブラウザーのアドオンに関する問題のトラブルシューティングに特に使用されます。 IE 7以降のバージョンで動作します。\n  注：コマンドライン引数が機能するためには、 forceCreateProcessApi を順番に有効にする必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps); } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi CreateProcess APIを使用してInternet Explorerを強制的に起動します。 デフォルト値はfalseです。\nIE 8以降の場合、このオプションでは \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; レジストリの値を0に設定する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"ドライバー要件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"SeleniumはWebDriverを経由して、Chrom(ium)、Firefox、Internet Explorer、Opera、Safariなど、市場のすべての主要なブラウザーをサポートします。 すべてのブラウザーがリモートコントロールを公式にサポートしているわけではありませんが、可能であれば、ブラウザーの自動化のビルトインサポートを使用して、WebDriverはブラウザーを動かします。\nWebDriverの目的は、できるだけブラウザーに近づけて実際のユーザーのインタラクションを模倣することです。 これは、ブラウザーによって異なる水準となる可能性があります。 さまざまなドライバーの特異性の詳細については、 ドライバーの特異性 をご覧ください。\nブラウザーを制御するためすべてのドライバーが単一のユーザー向けインターフェイスを共有している場合でも、 ブラウザーのセッションを設定する方法が少し異なります。 ドライバーの実装の多くはサードパーティによって提供されているため、 標準のSeleniumディストリビューションには含まれていません。\nドライバーのインスタンス化、プロファイル管理、およびブラウザー固有のさまざまな設定は、ブラウザーに応じて異なる要件を持つパラメーターの例です。 このセクションでは、さまざまなブラウザーを使い始めるための基本的な要件について説明します。\n実行可能ファイルをパスに追加する ほとんどのドライバーでは、ブラウザーと通信するためにSeleniumの追加の実行可能ファイルが必要です。 WebDriverを起動する前に実行可能ファイルの場所を手動で指定できますが、これによりテストの移植性が低下します。 実行可能ファイルはすべてのマシンの同じ場所にあるか、テストコードリポジトリに含まれている必要があるためです。\nWebDriverのバイナリを含むフォルダーをシステムのパスに追加することで、Seleniumはドライバーの正確な場所を見つけるためにテストコードを要求することなく、追加のバイナリを見つけることができます。\n 実行可能ファイルを配置するディレクトリをこのように作成します。 C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin PATHにディレクトリを追加します。  Windows - 管理者権限でコマンドプロンプトを開いて 次のコマンドを実行して、マシン上のすべてのユーザー向けにディレクトリをPATHに永続的に追加します。    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  macOS、Linux で bashを使う場合は、terminalを開いて次のコマンドを実行します。  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   これで、変更をテストする準備ができました。 開いているすべてのコマンドプロンプトを閉じて、新しいプロンプトを開きます。 前の手順で作成したフォルダー内のバイナリのいずれかの名前を入力します。例：\nchromedriver   PATHが正しく設定されている場合、ドライバーの起動に関連する出力が表示されます。\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Ctrl + C を押すと、コマンドプロンプトの制御を取り戻すことができます。\nクイックリファレンス    ブラウザー サポートOS メンテナ ダウンロード イシュートラッカー     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple ビルトイン イシュートラッカー   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera ダウンロード イシュートラッカー    Chromium/Chrome Chrome または Chromium を動かす場合、chromedriver をダウンロードして、システムパスのフォルダに置いてください。\nLinuxまたはmacOSでは、これは PATH 環境変数を変更することを意味します。 次のコマンドを実行すると、コロンで区切られたディレクトリがシステムのパスを構成していることがわかります。\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin まだパスを追加していない場合にchromedriverをパスに含めるには、chromedriverバイナリの親ディレクトリを必ず含めてください。 次の行は、 PATH 環境変数の現在のコンテンツに加えて、コロンの後に追加のパスを設定します。\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; パス上でchromedriverが使用可能な場合、任意のディレクトリから_chromedriver_実行可能ファイルを実行できるはずです。\nChrome / Chromiumセッションをインスタンス化するには、次のとおり。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     chromedriver実行可能ファイルへのパスを設定する必要があることに注意してください。 これは、次の行を使えば可能です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriverは、Chromeの内部自動化プロキシインターフェイスを公開することにより、ブラウザーに処理を指示するWebDriverリモートサーバーとして実装されています。\nFirefox Selenium 3以降、MozillaはFirefoxドライバーの実装である geckodriver を引き継ぎました。 Firefox用の新しいドライバーはgeckodriverと呼ばれ、Firefox 48以降で動作します。 Firefox WebDriverは開発中であるため、Firefoxバージョンが新しいほどサポートが向上します。\ngeckodriverはFirefoxを起動する新しいデフォルトの方法であるため、 Selenium 2と同じ方法でFirefoxをインスタンス化できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     PATHを使用してgeckodriverの場所を設定しない場合は、 geckodriverバイナリの場所をプログラムで設定します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     実行時にプロパティを設定することも可能です。\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Firefox 47.0.1 または 45 ESR をインストール、および marionette の必要な機能を false として指定することにより、多くの機能が完了した古いFirefoxドライバーに戻すことが可能です。 以降のFirefoxのリリースには互換性がありません。\nEdge Edgeは、Microsoftの最新のブラウザーで、Windows 10およびServer 2016に含まれています。 Edgeの更新は、主要なWindowsUpdateプログラムにバンドルされているため、現在インストールされているWindowsビルドのビルド番号に一致するバイナリをダウンロードする必要があります。 Edge Developer サイトには、利用可能なすべてのバイナリへのリンクが含まれています。 EdgeDriverの実装に対するバグは、Microsoftに起票する可能性があります。 Edgeに対してテストを実行したいがWindows 10を実行していない場合、MicrosoftはEdge Edge Developer サイトでテスター向けに無料のVMを提供しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Edgeドライバーがパスに存在しない場合、次の行を使用してパスを設定できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorerは、Windows 10まではMicrosoftのデフォルトのブラウザーでしたが、Windows 10にはまだ含まれています。 Internet ExplorerドライバーはSeleniumプロジェクトは、同じリリースのMicrosoftの現在の考慮をサポートすることを目指す唯一のドライバーです。 古いリリースは動作する可能性がありますが、サポートされません。\nSeleniumプロジェクトはInternet Explorerの32ビット版と64ビット版の両方のバイナリを提供しますが、64ビットドライバーを使用するInternet Explorer 10および11にはいくつかの制限がありますが、32ビットドライバーの使うことでうまく機能します。 ログインしたユーザーのアカウントに対してInternet Explorerの設定が保存されるため、追加の設定が必要になることに注意してください。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Internet Explorerドライバーがパスに存在しない場合、次の行を使用してパスを設定できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoftは、Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1上のInternet Explorer 11用のWebDriverバイナリも提供しています。 2014年以降更新されておらず、W3仕様のドラフトバージョンに基づいています。 ジム エバンスは、Microsoftの実装に関する優れた記事を持っています。\nOpera Operaの現在のリリースはChromiumエンジンの上に構築されており、WebDriverはPATHに追加したりシステムプロパティとして追加したりできるクローズドソースのOpera Chromium Driverを介してサポートされるようになりました。\nドライバーセッションのインスタンス化は、FirefoxとChromiumに似ています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra 以降 :\n まず端末から次のコマンドを実行し、プロンプトでパスワードを入力してWebDriverを認証します  safaridriver --enable El Capitan と Sierra :\n Safariの設定から開発メニューを有効にします 開発メニューから リモート オートメーションを許可 オプションをオンにします まずターミナルから次のコマンドを実行し、プロンプトでパスワードを入力してWebDriverを認証します  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ その後、次を使用してドライバーセッションを開始できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     iOSでSafariを自動化する場合は、Appium projectをご覧ください。 Safariは以前はWindowsで利用可能でしたが、Appleは長い間サポートを終了しており、テストプラットフォームの選択肢としては不適切です。\nモック ブラウザー HtmlUnit HtmlUnitは \u0026ldquo;Javaプログラム用のGUIレスブラウザー\u0026rdquo; です。 HTMLドキュメントをモデル化し、ページの呼び出し、フォームへの入力、リンクのクリックなどを可能にするAPIを提供します。 JavaScriptをサポートしており、AJAXライブラリを使用して、使用する設定に応じてChrome、Firefox、またはInternet Explorerをシミュレートできます。 新しい場所に移動しました。 ソースはsvnで管理されています。\nPhantomJS PhantomJSは、Google ChromeまたはSafariで使用されているバージョンよりもはるかに古いバージョンですが、Webkitベースのヘッドレスブラウザーです。 歴史的に人気のある選択肢でしたが、今ではPhantomJSを避ける​​のが賢明です。 プロジェクトは8月5日以降メンテナンスされていないため、Webの変更は継続されますが、PhantomJSは更新されません。これは、GoogleがChromeをヘッドレスで実行する機能を発表した後のことで、MozillaのFirefoxでも提供されています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"ファイルダウンロード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumの管理下にあるブラウザーでリンクをクリックしてダウンロードを開始することは可能ですが、APIはダウンロードの進行状況を公開しないため、ダウンロードしたファイルのテストには理想的ではありません。 これは、ファイルのダウンロードは、Webプラットフォームとのユーザーインタラクションをエミュレートする重要な側面とは見なされないためです。 代わりに、Selenium（および必要なCookie）を使用してリンクを見つけ、 libcurl などのHTTPリクエストライブラリに渡します。\nHtmlUnitドライバーは、 AttachmentHandler インターフェイスを実装することで、 入力ストリームとして添付ファイルにアクセスすることによって、添付ファイルをダウンロードできます。 AttachmentHandlerは、HtmlUnit に追加できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"リモートWebDriverクライアント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"リモートWebDriverクライアントを実行するには、まずRemoteWebDriverに接続する必要があります。 これを行うには、テストを実行しているサーバーのアドレスをURLに指定します。 設定をカスタマイズするために、desired capabilitiesを設定します。 以下は、Firefoxでテストを実行しているリモートWebサーバー www.example.com を指定してリモートWebDriverオブジェクトをインスタンス化する例です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     テスト設定をさらにカスタマイズするために、他のdesired capabilitiesを追加できます。\nブラウザーオプション 例えば、Chromeバージョン67を使用して、Windows XPでChromeを実行する場合は、このようになるかと思います。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     ローカルファイルDetector ローカルファイルDetectorを使用すると、クライアントマシンからリモートサーバーにファイルを転送できます。 例えば、テストでファイルをWebアプリケーションにアップロードする必要がある場合、リモートWebDriverは実行時にローカルマシンからリモートWebサーバーにファイルを自動的に転送できます。 これにより、テストを実行しているリモートマシンからファイルをアップロードできます。 デフォルトでは有効になっておらず、次の方法で有効にできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     上記のコードを定義したら、次の方法でテストにファイルをアップロードできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     クライアントのリクエストをトレースする この機能は、Java クライアント バインディング (ベータ版以降) でのみ利用できます。 Remote WebDriver クライアントは Selenium Grid サーバーにリクエストを送信し、 Selenium Grid サーバーはリクエストを WebDriver に渡します。 HTTP リクエストをエンド ツー エンドでトレースするには、サーバー側とクライアント側でトレースを有効にする必要があります。 両端には、視覚化フレームワークを指すトレース エクスポーターのセットアップが必要です。 デフォルトでは、トレースはクライアントとサーバーの両方で有効になっています。 視覚化フレームワークの Jaeger UI と Selenium Grid 4 を設定するには、目的のバージョンの トレースのセットアップ を参照してください。\nクライアント側のセットアップについては、以下の手順に従ってください。\nBeta 1 必要な依存関係を追加する トレーシング エクスポーターの外部ライブラリのインストールは、Maven を使って実行できます。 プロジェクト pom.xml に opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger および grpc-netty の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; クライアントの実行中に必要なシステムプロパティを追加/渡す Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards 必要な依存関係を追加する トレーシング エクスポーターの外部ライブラリのインストールは、Maven を使って実行できます。 プロジェクト pom.xml に opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger および grpc-netty の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; クライアントの実行中に必要なシステムプロパティを追加/渡す Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     ご希望のSeleniumのバージョンに必要な外部依存関係のバージョンの詳細については、 トレースのセットアップ を参照してください。\n詳細については、下記URLを参照してください。\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid 可観測性  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"可観測性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"目次  Selenium Grid 可観測性  分散トレース イベントログ   グリッドの可観測性  トレースの視覚化 イベントログの活用   参考文献  Selenium Grid グリッドは、さまざまなブラウザーとオペレーティングシステムの組み合わせでテストを実行することにより、テストのスケーリングと割り当てを支援します。\n可観測性 可観測性には、トレース、メトリック、ログの3つの柱があります。 Selenium Grid 4は完全に分散されるように設計されているため、可観測性により、内部の理解とデバッグが容易になります。\n分散トレース 1つのリクエストまたはトランザクションは、複数のサービスとコンポーネントにまたがっています。 トレースは、各サービスがリクエストを実行するときにリクエストのライフサイクルを追跡します。 エラーシナリオでのデバッグに役立ちます。 トレースコンテキストで使用されるいくつかの重要な用語は次のとおりです。\nトレース トレースを使用すると、発信元から最終的な宛先まで、複数のサービスを介してリクエストをトレースできます。 このリクエストの過程は、デバッグ、エンドツーエンドフローの監視、および障害の特定に役立ちます。 トレースは、エンドツーエンドのリクエストフローを示しています。 各トレースには、識別子として一意のIDがあります。\nスパン 各トレースは、スパンと呼ばれる時限操作で構成されています。 スパンには開始時刻と終了時刻があり、サービスによって実行される操作を表します。 スパンの粒度は、計測方法によって異なります。 各スパンには一意の識別子があります。 トレース内のすべてのスパンは同じトレースIDを持ちます。\nスパン属性 スパン属性は、各スパンに関する追加情報を提供するキーと値のペアです。\nイベント イベントは、スパン内のタイムスタンプ付きログです。 それらは、既存のスパンに追加のコンテキストを提供します。 イベントには、イベント属性としてキーと値のペアも含まれます。\nイベントログ アプリケーションをデバッグするには、ロギングが不可欠です。 ロギングは、多くの場合、人間が読める形式で行われます。 ただし、マシンがログを検索および分析するには、明確に定義された形式である必要があります。 構造化ロギングは、ログを固定形式で一貫して記録する一般的な方法です。 通常、次のようなフィールドが含まれます。\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (これはさらに、ログが記録された操作に関連するフィールドに分類されます)  ログとイベントは密接に関連しています。 イベントは、単一の作業単位を実行するために利用可能なすべての可能な情報をカプセル化します。 ログは基本的にイベントのサブセットです。 重要なのは、どちらもデバッグに役立つことです。 詳細については、次のリソースを参照してください。\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  グリッドの可観測性 Seleniumサーバーには、OpenTelemetryを使用したトレースが装備されています。 サーバーへのすべての要求は、最初から最後まで追跡されます。 各トレースは、サーバー内で要求が実行されるときの一連のスパンで構成されます。 Seleniumサーバーのほとんどのスパンは、次の2つのイベントで構成されています。\n Normal event - 作業単位に関するすべての情報を記録し、作業が正常に完了したことを示します。 Error event - エラーが発生するまですべての情報を記録してから、エラー情報を記録します。 例外イベントを記録します。  Seleniumサーバーの実行\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  トレースの視覚化 すべてのスパン、イベント、およびそれぞれの属性は、トレースの一部です。 トレースは、上記のすべてのモードでサーバーを実行しているときに機能します。\nデフォルトでは、トレースはSeleniumサーバーで有効になっています。 Seleniumサーバーは2つのエクスポーターを介してトレースをエクスポートします。\n コンソール - すべてのトレースとそれに含まれるスパンをFINEレベルでログに記録します。 デフォルトでは、SeleniumサーバーはINFOレベル以上でログを印刷します。 ログレベル フラグを使用して、Selenium Grid jar/sの実行中に選択したログレベルを渡すことができます。  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetryは、コード内のトレースを計測するためのAPIとSDKを提供します。 Jaegerはトレースバックエンドですが、トレーステレメトリデータの収集と、データのクエリ、フィルタリング、および視覚化機能の提供を支援します。  Jaeger UIを使用してトレースを視覚化する詳細な手順は、次のコマンドを実行することで取得できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing サーバーを実行してトレースをJaegerに送信するための非常に良い例とスクリプト\nイベントログの活用 トレースをエクスポートして視覚化したくない場合でも、イベントログに対してトレースを有効にする必要があります。 デフォルトでは、トレースは有効になっています。 コンソールでログを表示するために、追加のパラメーターを渡す必要はありません。 スパン内のすべてのイベントは、FINEレベルでログに記録されます。 エラーイベントはWARNレベルでログに記録されます。\nすべてのイベントログには次のフィールドがあります。\n   フィールド フィールド値 説明     Event time eventId エポックナノ秒単位のイベントレコードのタイムスタンプ   Trace Id tracedId 各トレースは、トレースIDによって一意に識別されます。   Span Id spanId トレース内の各スパンは、スパンIDによって一意に識別されます。   Span Kind spanKind スパンの種類は、スパンのタイプを示すスパンのプロパティです。 それは、スパンによって実行される作業単位の性質を理解するのに役立ちます。   Event name eventName これはログメッセージにマップされます。   Event attributes eventAttributes これは、実行された操作に基づいてイベントログの核心を形成し、JSON形式のキーと値のペアを持ちます。 これには、ロガークラスを表示するためのハンドラークラス属性も含まれます。    サンプルログ\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  上記のフィールドに加えて、 [OpenTelemetryの仕様] に基づくエラーログは、次のとおりです。\n   フィールド フィールド値 説明     Exception type exception.type 例外クラス名   Exception message exception.message 例外の理由   Exception stacktrace exception.stacktrace 例外がスローされた時点での呼び出しスタックを出力します。 例外の原因を理解するのに役立ちます。    サンプルエラーログ\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  注：ログは読みやすくするために上にきれいに印刷されています。 Seleniumサーバーでは、ログのプリティプリントがオフになっています。\n上記の手順で、トレースとログを表示できるように設定する必要があります。\n参考文献  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"独自のグリッドを設定する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium Gridを使用するには、ノード用の独自のインフラストラクチャを維持する必要があります。 これは面倒で時間のかかる作業になる可能性があるため、多くの組織はこのインフラストラクチャを提供するためにAmazon EC2やGoogle ComputeなどのIaaSプロバイダーを使用しています。\n他の選択肢として、クラウドのサービスとしてSelenium Gridを提供するSauce LabsやTesting Botなどのプロバイダーの使うこともできます。 独自のハードウェアでノードを実行することも確かに可能です。 この章では、独自のノードインフラストラクチャを備えた独自のグリッドを実行するオプションについて詳しく説明します。\nクイックスタート この例では、Selenium 2グリッドハブを起動し、WebDriverノードとSelenium 1 RCレガシーノードの両方を登録する方法を示します。 また、Javaからグリッドを呼び出す方法も示します。 ここでは、ハブとノードが同じマシンで実行されていますが、もちろん、selenium-server-standaloneを複数のマシンにコピーできます。\nselenium-server-standaloneパッケージには、グリッドの実行に必要なハブ、WebDriver、およびレガシーRCが含まれています。 ant はもう必要ありません。 selenium-server-standalone.jarは https://selenium.dev/downloads/ からダウンロードできます。\nステップ1：ハブを開始する ハブは、テストリクエストを受信し、それらを適切なノードに配布する中心点です。 配布は機能ベースで行われます。 つまり、一連の機能を必要とするテストは、その機能セットまたは機能のサブセットを提供するノードにのみ配布されます。\nテストのDesiredCapabilitiesは、 任意の を意味するため、ハブはDesiredCapabilitiesの設定に完全に一致するノードを見つけることを保証できません。\nコマンドプロンプトを開き、selenium-server-standalone.jarファイルをコピーしたディレクトリに移動します。 ハブを起動するには、-role hubフラグをスタンドアロンサーバーに渡します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub ハブはデフォルトでポート4444をリッスンします。 ブラウザーウィンドウを開いて http://localhost:4444/grid/console に移動すると、ハブのステータスを表示できます。\nデフォルトのポートを変更するには、コマンドを実行するときにリッスンするポートを表す整数を持つオプションの -port フラグを追加できます。 また、JSON構成ファイル（以下を参照）に表示される他のすべてのオプションは、可能なコマンドラインフラグです。\n確かに上記の簡単なコマンドだけでうまくいくことができますが、より高度な構成が必要な場合は、JSON形式の構成ファイルを指定して、開始時にハブを構成することもできます。 JSON形式の構成ファイルを指定して開始時にハブを構成する方法は以下のとおりです。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug 以下に、 hubConfig.json ファイルの例を示します。 ステップ2でノード構成ファイルを提供する方法について詳しく説明します。\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} ステップ2：ノードを起動する 新しいWebDriver機能を備えたグリッドを実行するか、Selenium 1 RC機能を備えたグリッドを実行するか、または両方を同時に実行するかに関係なく、同じ selenium-server-standalone.jar ファイルを使用してノードを起動します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 -port フラグでポートが指定されていない場合、空いているポートが選択されます。 1台のマシンで複数のノードを実行できますが、実行する場合は、システムメモリリソースとスクリーンショットの問題をテストで確認する必要があることに注意する必要があります。\nオプションを使用したノード構成 前述のように、下位互換性のために、\u0026ldquo;wd\u0026quot;および\u0026quot;rc\u0026quot;ロールは\u0026quot;node\u0026quot;ロールの有効なサブセットのままです。 ただし、これらのロールは、対応するAPIへのリモート接続の種類を制限し、\u0026ldquo;node\u0026quot;はRCとWebDriverの両方のリモート接続を許可します。\nコマンドラインでもJVMプロパティを（ -jar引数の前に -Dフラグを使用して）渡すと、これらが取得され、ノードに伝播されます。\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nJSONを使用したノード構成 JSON設定ファイルで構成されたグリッドノードを起動することもできます。\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json そして、これは nodeConfig.json ファイルの例です。\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } -host フラグに関する注意\nハブとノードの両方で、-hostフラグが指定されていない場合、デフォルトで0.0.0.0を使用します。 これにより、マシンのすべてのパブリック（非ループバック）IPv4インターフェイスにバインドされます。 特別なネットワーク構成または追加のネットワークインターフェイスを作成するコンポーネントがある場合は、-hostフラグにハブ/ノードが別のマシンから到達できる値を設定することをお勧めします。\nポートを指定する ハブで使用されるデフォルトのTCP / IPポートは4444です。 ポートを変更する必要がある場合は、上記の構成を使用してください。\nトラブルシューティング ログファイルを使用する 高度なトラブルシューティングのために、システムメッセージを記録するログファイルを指定できます。 -log引数を使用してSelenium GRIDハブまたはノードを起動します。 以下の例をご覧ください。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt お気に入りのテキストエディターを使用してログファイル（上記の例ではlog.txt）を開き、問題が発生した場合に\u0026quot;エラー\u0026quot;ログを見つけます。\n-debug 引数を使用する -debug引数を使用して、デバッグログをコンソールに出力することもできます。 -debug 引数を使用してSeleniumグリッドハブまたはノードを起動します。 以下の例をご覧ください。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug 警告 Selenium Gridは、適切なファイアウォールアクセス許可を使用して外部アクセスから保護する必要があります。\nグリッドを保護しないと、次の1つ以上が発生する可能性があります。\n グリッドインフラストラクチャへのオープンアクセスを提供します。 サードパーティが内部Webアプリケーションおよびファイルにアクセスすることを許可します。 サードパーティにカスタムバイナリの実行を許可します。  Detectify に関するこのブログ投稿をご覧ください。 これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\nDocker Selenium Docker は、コンテナと呼ばれる単位でSelenium Gridインフラストラクチャをプロビジョニングおよびスケーリングする便利な方法を提供します。 コンテナは、さまざまなマシンで信頼性と再現性のある方法で、すべての依存関係を含む目的のアプリケーションを実行するために必要なすべてを含むソフトウェアの標準化されたユニットです。\nSeleniumプロジェクトは、ダウンロードして実行して作業用グリッドを迅速に起動および実行できる一連のDockerイメージを保持しています。 ノードはFirefoxとChromeの両方で使用できます。 グリッドのプロビジョニング方法の詳細は、 Docker Selenium リポジトリ内にあります。\n前提条件 グリッドを実行するための唯一の要件は、Dockerをインストールして動作させることです。 Dockerのインストール.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"独自のグリッドを設定する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium4でのグリッド設定のさまざまなモード  スタンドアロン ハブとノード 分散 Docker  スタンドアロンモード 新しいSeleniumServer Jarには、グリッドを実行するために必要なすべてのものが含まれています。 Seleniumグリッドを起動するのも最も簡単なモードです。 デフォルトでは、サーバーは http://localhost:4444 でリッスンします。 これは、RemoteWebDriverテストを指定する必要があるURLです。 サーバーは、システムパスから使用できる使用可能なドライバーを検出します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone ハブとノードモード ハブを開始する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub ノードを登録する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Seleniumグリッドをクエリする Selenium 4では、必要なデータを簡単にクエリしてまったく同じものを取得する新しい方法であるGraphQLを追加しました。\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \n分散モード   Step 1: まず、イベントバスを開始します。 これは、後続のステップで他のグリッドコンポーネントへの通信パスとして機能します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: セッションマップを開始します。 これは、セッションIDをセッションが実行されているノードにマッピングする役割を果たします。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: 新しいセッションキューを起動すると、新しいセッション要求がローカルキューに追加されます。 ディストリビューターはキューからリクエストを受け取ります。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: ディストリビューターを起動します。 すべてのノードは、ディストリビュータープロセスの一部として接続されます。 セッションの作成要求が呼び出されたときに、ノードを割り当てる必要があります。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: 次に、Webに公開するアドレスであるルーターを起動します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: 最後に、ノードを追加します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Dockerイメージを介してスタンドアロングリッドを開始する 次のコマンドでノードを起動できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; Seleniumサーバーを起動し、Dockerに新しいインスタンスを作成することを委任できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false 警告 Selenium Gridは、適切なファイアウォールアクセス許可を使用して外部アクセスから保護する必要があります。\nグリッドを保護しないと、次の1つ以上が発生する可能性があります。\n グリッドインフラストラクチャへのオープンアクセスを提供します。 サードパーティが内部Webアプリケーションおよびファイルにアクセスすることを許可します。 サードパーティにカスタムバイナリの実行を許可します。  Detectify に関するこのブログ投稿をご覧ください。 これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/","title":"紹介","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群のプロジェクトです。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"色を扱う","tags":[],"description":"","content":"テストの一部として何かの色を検証したい場合があります。 問題は、ウェブ上の色の定義が一定ではないことです。 色のHEX表現を色のRGB表現と比較する簡単な方法、または色のRGBA表現を色のHSLA表現と比較する簡単な方法があったらいいのではないでしょうか？\n心配しないでください。解決策があります。: Color クラスです！\nまず、クラスをインポートする必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    これで、カラーオブジェクトの作成を開始できます。 すべての色オブジェクトは、色の文字列表現から作成する必要があります。 サポートされている色表現は、以下のとおりです。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Colorクラスは、 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 で指定されているすべての基本色定義もサポートしています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     要素に色が設定されていない場合、ブラウザは \u0026ldquo;透明\u0026rdquo; の色の値を返すことがあります。 Colorクラスもこれをサポートしています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     レスポンスが正しく解析され、有効なColorオブジェクトに変換されることを認識して、要素を安全にクエリしてその色/背景色を取得できるようになりました。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     そして、色オブジェクトを直接比較できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     または、色を次の形式のいずれかに変換し、静的に検証することができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     色はもはや問題ではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"表記規則","tags":[],"description":"","content":"タイトルの大文字化 A Very Fine Heading などのタイトルの大文字化は避け、代わりに A very fine heading を選択してください。 大げさな大文字表記、またはタイトルケースは、多くの場合、正書法の慣習に対する誤解または無視を示します。 ヘッダーを開始するための最初の大文字を1つ持つセンテンスケースとして知られているものを好みます。\n行の長さ プレーンHTMLで記述されたドキュメントのソースを編集するときは、行の長さを約72文字に制限してください。\nこれをさらに一歩進めて、いわゆるセマンティックラインフィード と呼ばれるものを使用します。 これは、一般の人には読まれないHTMLソース行を散文の「自然な区切り」で分割する手法です。 つまり、文は句間の自然な区切りで分割されます。 すべての段落が右マージンの近くで終了するように各段落の行を混乱させるのではなく、 アイデアが途切れる場所であればどこでも改行を追加できます。\nこれにより、gitを使用して共同作業するときにdiffを非常に読みやすくすることができますが、 使用するコントリビューターに強制するものではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid は、SeleniumテストがコマンドをリモートWebブラウザーインスタンスにルーティングできるようにする賢いプロキシサーバーです。 その目的は、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行する簡単な方法を提供することです。\nSelenium Gridでは、1つのサーバーが、JSON形式のテストコマンドを1つ以上の登録済みのグリッドノードにルーティングするハブとして機能します。 テストはハブに接続して、リモートブラウザーインスタンスへのアクセスを取得します。 ハブには、アクセスを提供する登録済みサーバーのリストがあり、これらのインスタンスを制御できます。\nSelenium Gridを使用すると、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、さまざまなブラウザーバージョンとブラウザー構成を（個々のテストではなく）一元的に管理できます。\nSelenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。\nGrid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。 Grid 4 の使用を推奨します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTMLランナー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTMLランナー を使用すると、コマンドラインからテストスイートを実行できます。 テストスイートは、Selenium IDEまたは互換性ツールからのHTMLエクスポートです。\n共通情報  geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runnerのリリースの組み合わせが重要です。 どこかにソフトウェア互換性マトリックスがあるかもしれません。 selenium-html-runnerはテストスイートのみを実行します（テストケースではなく、Monitis Transaction Monitorからのエクスポートなど）。 必ずこれを順守してください。 DISPLAYのないLinuxユーザーの場合-仮想ディスプレイでhtml-runnerを起動する必要があります（xvfbを検索）。  Linux環境の例 次のソフトウェアパッケージをインストール/ダウンロードします。\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 テストスイートの例\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; selenium-html-runnerをヘッドレスで実行する方法 さて、最も重要な部分、selenium-html-runnerの実行方法の例！ 経験によってソフトウェアの組み合わせ、- geckodriver / FF / html-runnerリリースによって異なる場合があります。\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTPレスポンスコード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium RCの一部のブラウザー構成では、Seleniumはブラウザーと自動化されているサイトの間のプロキシとして機能しました。 これは、Seleniumを通過したすべてのブラウザートラフィックをキャプチャまたは操作できることを意味していました。 captureNetworkTraffic() メソッドは、HTTPレスポンスコードを含むブラウザーと自動化されているサイト間のすべてのネットワークトラフィックをキャプチャすることを目的としています。\nSelenium WebDriverは、ブラウザーの自動化に対するまったく異なるアプローチであり、ユーザーのように振る舞うことを好むため、WebDriverを使用してテストを記述する方法で表現します。 自動化された機能テストでは、ステータスコードの確認はテストの失敗の特に重要な詳細ではありません。 それに先行する手順がより重要です。\nブラウザーは常にHTTPステータスコードを表します。たとえば、404または500エラーページを想像してください。 これらのエラーページの1つに遭遇したときに\u0026quot;早く失敗\u0026quot;する簡単な方法は、ページが読み込まれるたびにページタイトルまたは信頼できるポイント（たとえば \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; タグ）のコンテンツをチェックすることです。 ページオブジェクトモデルを使用している場合、このチェックをクラスコンストラクターまたはページの読み込みが予想される同様のポイントに含めることができます。 場合によっては、HTTPコードがブラウザーのエラーページに表示されることもあります。 WebDriverを使用してこれを読み取り、デバッグ出力を改善できます。\nWebページ自体を確認することは、WebDriverの理想的なプラクティスに沿っており、WebDriverのユーザーのWebサイトの見え方を表現し、主張します。\nHTTPステータスコードをキャプチャするための高度なソリューションは、プロキシを使用してSelenium RCの動作を複製することです。 WebDriver APIは、ブラウザーのプロキシを設定する機能を提供します。 Webサーバーとの間で送受信されるリクエストのコンテンツをプログラムで操作できるプロキシがいくつかあります。 プロキシを使用すると、リダイレクトレスポンスコードへの応答方法を決めることができます。 さらに、すべてのブラウザーがWebDriverでレスポンスコードを利用できるようにするわけではないため、プロキシを使用することを選択すると、すべてのブラウザーで機能するソリューションが得られます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/","title":"Seleniumのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumのインストール Seleniumのセットアップは他の商用ツールと少し違います。自動化プロジェクトでSeleniumを使うためには、選択した言語の言語バインディングライブラリをインストールする必要があります。加えて、自動化でテストを実行したいブラウザのWebDriverバイナリも必要となります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4では、新しいEvented APIが導入され、WebDriverが他のAPIに 使用していた従来のリクエスト/レスポンスのアプローチを使用するのではなく、 発生時にブラウザーからイベントをキャプチャできるようになりました。\n内部的にWebDriverは、送信されるイベントとコマンドのためにブラウザーへのWebSocket接続を作成します。\n次のAPIのリストは、Seleniumプロジェクトが現実世界のユースケースをサポートを通じて機能するにつれて、増えていきます。 不足している API がある場合は、 機能リクエスト を提出してください。\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation は、DOM 内の特定の要素に DOM の変更がある場合に、 WebDriver BiDi を介してイベントをキャプチャする機能です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"アプリケーション状態の生成","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumはテストケースの準備に使用しないでください。 テストケースのすべての反復アクションと準備は、他の方法で行う必要があります。 たとえば、ほとんどのWeb UIには認証があります（ログインフォームなど）。 すべてのテストの前にWebブラウザーからのログインをなくすことで、テストの速度と安定性の両方が向上します。 AUT* にアクセスするためのメソッドを作成する必要があります（APIを使用してログインし、Cookieを設定するなど）。 また、テスト用にデータをプリロードするメソッドの作成は、Seleniumを使用して実行しないほうがいいです。 前述のように、AUT* のデータを作成するには、既存のAPIを活用する必要があります。\n*AUT: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"コンポーネントの構成","tags":[],"description":"","content":"コンポーネントの構成 前のセクションで説明したように、各グリッドコンポーネントは特定の役割を果たします。 したがって、各グリッドコンポーネントを個別に構成することができます。 このセクションでは、一般的な構成値とコンポーネント固有の構成値について説明します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"スタンドアロンサーバのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Gridを使う予定なら、selenium-server-standalone JARファイルをダウンロードする必要があります。selenium-server-standalone jarは決してアップロードされることはありませんが、selenium-serverを通して全てのコンポーネントが利用可能です。 このスタンドアロンJARはリモートSeleniumサーバとクライアントサイドバインディングを含む全てが入っています。 これはプロジェクトでselenium-server-standalone jarを使えば、selenium-javaやブラウザ固有のjarを追加しなくても良いということです。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"テストの種類","tags":[],"description":"","content":"受け入れテスト このタイプのテストは、機能またはシステムが顧客の期待と要件を満たしているかどうかを判断するために行われます。 このタイプのテストには通常、顧客の協力またはフィードバックが関与します。 下記質問に答えることで確認することができます。\n 正しい 製品を作っていますか？\n Webアプリケーションの場合、ユーザーの予想される動作をシミュレートすることで、 このテストの自動化をSeleniumで直接実行できます。 このシミュレーションは、このドキュメントで説明されているように、記録/再生によって、 またはサポートされているさまざまな言語によって実行できます。 注：受け入れテストは 機能テスト のサブタイプであり、一部の人はこれにも言及する場合があります。\n機能テスト このタイプのテストは、機能またはシステムが問題なく正常に機能するかどうかを判断するために行われます。 システムをさまざまなレベルでチェックして、すべてのシナリオがカバーされていること、 およびシステムが実行すべきことを実行していることを確認します。 下記質問に答えることで確認することができます。\n 製品を 正しく 作っていますか？\n これは通常以下を含みます。 テストがエラーなし（404、例外\u0026hellip;）、使用可能な方法（正しいリダイレクト）で機能する、 利用しやすく、仕様に一致します（上記の 受け入れテスト を参照）。\nWebアプリケーションの場合、期待されるリターンをシミュレートすることにより、このテストの自動化をSeleniumで直接実行できます。 このシミュレーションは、このドキュメントで説明されているように、記録/再生またはサポートされているさまざまな言語で実行できます。\nパフォーマンステスト その名前が示すように、パフォーマンステストは、アプリケーションのパフォーマンスを測定するために行われます。\nパフォーマンステストには2つの主なサブタイプがあります。\nロードテスト ロードテストは、定義されたさまざまな負荷（通常、特定の数のユーザーが同時に接続されている場合）でアプリケーションがどの程度機能するかを確認するために行われます。\nストレステスト ストレステストは、ストレス下（またはサポートされている最大負荷以上）でアプリケーションがどの程度機能するかを確認するために行われます。\n一般に、パフォーマンステストは、Seleniumで書かれたテストを実行して、さまざまなユーザーがWebアプリの特定の機能を押して、意味のある測定値を取得することをシミュレートして実行されます。\nこれは通常、メトリックを取得する他のツールによって行われます。 そのようなツールの1つが JMeter です。\nWebアプリケーションの場合、測定する詳細には、スループット、待ち時間、データ損失、個々のコンポーネントの読み込み時間などが含まれます…\n注1：すべてのブラウザには、開発者のツールセクションにパフォーマンスタブがあります（F12キーを押すとアクセス可能）\n注2：これは一般に機能/機能ごとではなくシステムごとに測定されるため、 非機能テスト のサブタイプです。\n回帰テスト このテストは通常、変更、修正、または機能の追加後に行われます。\n変更によって既存の機能が破壊されないようにするために、すでに実行されたいくつかのテストが再度実行されます。\n再実行されるテストのセットは、完全または部分的なものにすることができ、アプリケーションおよび開発チームに応じて、いくつかの異なるタイプを含めることができます。\nテスト駆動開発 (TDD) テストタイプそのものではなく、TDDはテストが機能の設計を推進する反復的な開発方法論です。\n各サイクルは、機能がパスする単体テストのセットを作成することから始まります（最初に実行すると失敗します）。\nこの後、テストに合格するための開発が行われます。 別のサイクルを開始してテストが再度実行され、すべてのテストに合格するまでこのプロセスが続行されます。\nこれは、欠陥が発見されるほどコストが安くなるという事実に基づいて、アプリケーションの開発をスピードアップすることを目的としています。\nビヘイビア駆動開発 (BDD) BDDは、上記に基づいた反復開発方法論（TDD）でもあり、その目的は、アプリケーションの開発にすべての関係者を関与させることです。\n各サイクルは、いくつかの仕様を作成することから始まります（これは失敗するはずです）。 次に、失敗する単体テスト（これも失敗するはずです）を作成し、開発を作成します。\nこのサイクルは、すべてのタイプのテストに合格するまで繰り返されます。\nそのためには、仕様言語が使用されます。 すべての関係者が理解でき、単純で、標準的かつ明示的でなければなりません。 ほとんどのツールは、この言語として Gherkin を使用します。\n目標は、潜在的な受入エラーも対象とすることでTDDよりも多くのエラーを検出し、当事者間のコミュニケーションを円滑にすることです。\n現在、仕様を記述し、 Cucumber や SpecFlow などのコード関数と一致させるための一連のツールが利用可能です。\nSelenium上に一連のツールが構築されており、BDD仕様を実行可能コードに直接変換することにより、このプロセスをさらに高速化しています。 これらのいくつかは、 JBehave、Capybara、およびRobot Framework です。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"ブラウザー操作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby RubyはWindowsにデフォルトではインストールされません。最新バージョンをダウンロードし、インストーラーを実行します。 Installation Destination and Optional Tasks 画面で Add Ruby executables to your PATH チェックボックス以外のすべての設定をデフォルト値のままにすることができます。ブラウザーを操作するには、selenium-webdriver Ruby gemをインストールする必要があります。それをインストールするには、コマンドプロンプトを開き、次のように入力します。\ngem install selenium-webdriver または、Bundlerを使用する場合、次の行をアプリケーションのGemfileに追加します。\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; そして、プロンプトで次のコマンドを実行します。\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet ExplorerはデフォルトでWindowsにインストールされるため、インストールは不要です。 WindowsでInternet Explorerを動かすには、最新のInternet Explorer Driverをダウンロードし、ファイルを PATHにあるフォルダーに入れる必要があります。どのディレクトリが PATHにあるかを調べるには、コマンドプロンプトでecho％PATH％と入力します。\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin は良い場所のようです。 IEDriverServerファイルを解凍し、IEDriverServer.exeをそこに移動します。\nこれにより、新しいInternet Explorerウィンドウが開きます。\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser操作 ナビゲート ブラウザーを起動した後に最初に行うことは、Webサイトを開くことです。これは1行で実現できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     現在のURLを取得 ブラウザーのアドレスバーから現在のURLを読むには、次を使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    戻る ブラウザーの戻るボタンを押す。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     次へ ブラウザーの次へボタンを押す。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    更新 現在のページを更新する。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    タイトルの取得 ブラウザーから現在のページタイトルを読むことができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    ウィンドウとタブ ウィンドウハンドルの取得 WebDriverは、ウィンドウとタブを区別しません。 サイトが新しいタブまたはウィンドウを開く場合、Seleniumはウィンドウハンドルを使って連動します。 各ウィンドウには一意の識別子があり、これは単一のセッションで持続します。 次のコードを使用して、現在のウィンドウのウィンドウハンドルを取得できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    ウィンドウまたはタブの切り替え 新しいウィンドウで開くリンクをクリックすると、新しいウィンドウまたはタブが画面にフォーカスされますが、WebDriverはオペレーティングシステムがアクティブと見なすウィンドウを認識しません。 新しいウィンドウで作業するには、それに切り替える必要があります。 開いているタブまたはウィンドウが2つしかなく、どちらのウィンドウから開始するかがわかっている場合、削除のプロセスによって、WebDriverが表示できる両方のウィンドウまたはタブをループし、元のウィンドウまたはタブに切り替えることができます。\nただし、Selenium 4には、新しいタブ（または）新しいウィンドウを作成して自動的に切り替える新しいAPI NewWindowが用意されています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     新しいウィンドウ（または）新しいタブを作成して切り替える 新しいウィンドウ（または）タブを作成し、画面上の新しいウィンドウまたはタブにフォーカスします。 新しいウィンドウ（または）タブを使用するように切り替える必要はありません。 新しいウィンドウ以外に3つ以上のウィンドウ（または）タブを開いている場合、WebDriverが表示できる両方のウィンドウまたはタブをループして、元のものではないものに切り替えることができます。\n注意: この機能は、Selenium 4以降のバージョンで機能します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     ウィンドウまたはタブを閉じる ウィンドウまたはタブでの作業が終了し、 かつ ブラウザーで最後に開いたウィンドウまたはタブではない場合、それを閉じて、以前使用していたウィンドウに切り替える必要があります。 前のセクションのコードサンプルに従ったと仮定すると、変数に前のウィンドウハンドルが格納されます。 これをまとめると以下のようになります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     ウィンドウを閉じた後に別のウィンドウハンドルに切り替えるのを忘れると、現在閉じられているページでWebDriverが実行されたままになり、 No Such Window Exception が発行されます。実行を継続するには、有効なウィンドウハンドルに切り替える必要があります。\nセッションの終了時にブラウザーを終了する ブラウザーセッションを終了したら、closeではなく、quitを呼び出す必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quitは、  そのWebDriverセッションに関連付けられているすべてのウィンドウとタブを閉じます ブラウザーのプロセス バックグラウンドのドライバーのプロセス ブラウザーが使用されなくなったことをSelenium Gridに通知して、別のセッションで使用できるようにします（Selenium Gridを使用している場合）    quitの呼び出しに失敗すると、余分なバックグラウンドプロセスとポートがマシン上で実行されたままになり、後で問題が発生する可能性があります。\n一部のテストフレームワークでは、テストの終了時にフックできるメソッドとアノテーションを提供しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     テストコンテキストでWebDriverを実行していない場合は、ほとんどの言語で提供されている try / finally の使用を検討して、例外がWebDriverセッションをクリーンアップするようにします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     PythonのWebDriverは、pythonコンテキストマネージャーをサポートするようになりました。 withキーワードを使用すると、実行終了時にドライバーを自動的に終了できます。\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation FrameとIframe frameは、同じドメイン上の複数のドキュメントからサイトレイアウトを構築する非推奨の手段となりました。 HTML5以前のWebアプリを使用している場合を除き、frameを使用することはほとんどありません。 iframeは、まったく異なるドメインからのドキュメントの挿入を許可し、今でも一般的に使用されています。\nフレームまたはiframeを使用する必要がある場合、Webdriverを使用して同じ方法で作業できます。 iframe内のボタンがある場合を考えてみましょう。ブラウザー開発ツールを使用して要素を検査すると、次のように表示される場合があります。\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; iframeがなければ、次のようなボタンを使用してボタンをクリックします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     ただし、iframeの外側にボタンがない場合は、代わりにno such elementエラーが発生する可能性があります。 これは、Seleniumがトップレベルのドキュメントの要素のみを認識するために発生します。 ボタンを操作するには、ウィンドウを切り替える方法と同様に、最初にフレームに切り替える必要があります。 WebDriverは、フレームに切り替える3つの方法を提供します。\nWebElementを使う WebElementを使用した切り替えは、最も柔軟なオプションです。好みのセレクタを使用してフレームを見つけ、それに切り替えることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     nameまたはIDを使う フレームまたはiframeにidまたはname属性がある場合、代わりにこれを使うことができます。 名前またはIDがページ上で一意でない場合、最初に見つかったものに切り替えます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     インデックスを使う JavaScriptの window.frames を使用して照会できるように、frameのインデックスを使用することもできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     frameを終了する iframeまたはフレームセットを終了するには、次のようにデフォルトのコンテンツに切り替えます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     ウィンドウマネジメント 画面解像度はWebアプリケーションのレンダリング方法に影響を与える可能性があるため、WebDriverはブラウザーウィンドウを移動およびサイズ変更するメカニズムを提供します。\nウィンドウサイズの取得 ブラウザーウィンドウのサイズをピクセル単位で取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     ウィンドウサイズの設定 ウィンドウを復元し、ウィンドウサイズを設定します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)    ウィンドウの位置を取得 ブラウザーウィンドウの左上の座標を取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     ウィンドウの位置設定 選択した位置にウィンドウを移動します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     ウィンドウの最大化 ウィンドウを拡大します。ほとんどのオペレーティングシステムでは、オペレーティングシステムのメニューとツールバーをブロックすることなく、ウィンドウが画面いっぱいに表示されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    ウィンドウを最小化 現在のブラウジングコンテキストのウィンドウを最小化します。 このコマンドの正確な動作は、個々のウィンドウマネージャーに固有のものです。\nウィンドウを最小化すると、通常、システムトレイのウィンドウが非表示になります。\n注：この機能は、Selenium 4以降のバージョンで機能します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    全画面ウィンドウ ほとんどのブラウザーでF11を押すのと同じように、画面全体に表示されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    スクリーンショットの取得 現在のブラウジング コンテキストのスクリーンショットをキャプチャするために使います。\nWebDriver エンドポイントの スクリーンショット は、 Base64 形式でエンコードされたスクリーンショットを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     要素のスクリーンショットの取得 現在のブラウジング コンテキストの要素のスクリーンショットをキャプチャするために使います。 WebDriver エンドポイントの スクリーンショット は、 Base64 形式でエンコードされたスクリーンショットを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     スクリプトの実行 選択したフレームまたはウィンドウの現在のコンテキストで、JavaScript コードスニペットを実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     ページの印刷 ブラウザ内の現在のページを印刷します。\nNote: Chromium ブラウザがヘッドレスモードである必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"要素を探す","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一つの要素を探す ページ上で要素を探す方法は、WebDriverを使う上で最初に学ばなければならない技術です。WebDriverは多数のセレクタを標準で用意しています。その中で、id属性を使って要素を探す方法が次のコードです。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     例を見ての通り、WebDriverで要素を特定するには、WebDriverクラスのインスタンスを使います。findElement(By)メソッドはWebElementという別の基本的なオブジェクトを返します。\n WebDriverはブラウザをあらわす WebElementは特定のDOMノード（コントロール、例えばリンクやインプットフィールドなど）をあらわす  一度「見つかった」Web要素への参照を取得すれば、そのインスタンスで同じメソッドを呼ぶことで検索の範囲を狭めることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     これは WebDriver と WebElement クラスの両方がSearchContextインターフェイスを実装しているため可能になっています。 これはWebDriverでは ロールベースインターフェイス (role-based interface) と呼ばれています。 ロールベースインターフェイスは、どのドライバー実装がどの機能をサポートしているかどうかを判断する助けになります。これらのインターフェイスは明確に定義され、単一の役割の責任のみを持つことを守っています。 WebDriverの設計と、どんな役割がどのドライバでサポートされているかはSome Other Section Which Must Be Namedで読むことができます。\nその結果、 上で使っていた By インターフェイスはいくつものロケータストラテジをサポートしています。 ネストした探索はcheeseを探す方法としてもっとも効率的なものではないかもしれません。 なぜなら、この方法は二つに分割されたコマンドをブラウザに発行するからです。具体的には、まずDOMから\u0026quot;cheese\u0026quot;というidの要素を探し出し、それから狭まった範囲で\u0026quot;cheddar\u0026quot;という要素を探しています。\nパフォーマンスをわずかに向上させるために、より効果的なロケータを使ってみましょう。 WebDriverはCSSロケータによる要素の探索をサポートしています。 これは先ほどの二つのロケータを1回の検索に組み合わせることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     複数の要素を探す 今作業しているドキュメントに、私たちが一番好きなチーズについての順序付きリストがあるとします。\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; チーズがたくさんある方が良いのは疑いの余地がなく、また一個一個取らなければなければならないのは面倒です。 なので、チーズを取得する上位のテクニックは、複数形のfindElements(By)を使うことです。 このメソッドはWeb要素のコレクションを返します。 もし一つの要素しか見つからなかった場合も、（一つの要素だけの）コレクションを返します。 もしロケータにマッチする要素が一つもなかった場合は、空のリストが返ります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     要素選択の方法 WebDriverには標準のロケータが8種類あります。\n   ロケータ 詳細     class name class名に値を含む要素を探す (複合クラス名は使えない)   css selector CSSセレクタが一致する要素を探す   id id属性が一致する要素を探す   name name属性が一致する要素を探す   link text a要素のテキストが一致する要素を探す   partial link text a要素のテキストが部分一致する要素を探す   tag name タグ名が一致する要素を探す   xpath XPathと一致する要素を探す    セレクタを使うときのコツ 一般に、HTMLのid属性が利用可能でユニークかつ一貫している場合、ページで要素を探す方法として適しています。 idは動作がとても速い傾向があり、複雑なDOMトラバースに伴う処理を省略できます。\nユニークなidが使えない場合、きれいに書かれたCSSセレクタが要素を探す方法として適しています。 XPathはCSSセレクタと同様に動作しますが、シンタックスは複雑で大抵の場合デバッグが困難です。 XPathはとても柔軟ですが、ブラウザベンダは性能テストを通常行っておらず、非常に動作が遅い傾向があります。\nlink textセレクタとpartial linkText セレクタはa要素でしか動作しないという欠点があります。 加えて、これらはWebDriverの内部でXPathの呼び出しに置き換えられます。\nタグ名によるロケータは危険な方法になり得ます。 大抵の場合ページ上には同じタグ名の要素が複数あります。タグ名は要素のコレクションを返す findElements(By) メソッドを使う時にもっとも役に立ちます。\nロケータは可能な限り簡潔に、読みやすい状態を保つことを推奨します。 WebDriverでDOM構造のトラバースを行うのは重い処理となります。 検索の範囲を狭めた方がより良い結果を得られます。\nレラティブ（相対）ロケーター Selenium 4 は、以前は Friendly Locators と呼ばれていたレラティブ ロケーターをもたらします。 この機能は、他の要素の近くにある要素を見つけるのに役立つように追加されました。 使用可能なレラティブ ロケーターは次のとおりです。\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement メソッドは、レラティブ ロケーター を返す新しいメソッド withTagName（） を受け入れるようになりました。\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nどのように機能するか Seleniumは、JavaScript関数 getBoundingClientRect() を使用して相対要素を見つけます。 この関数は、right、left、bottom、topなどの要素のプロパティを返します。\nレラティブ ロケーターを理解するために、以下の例を考えてみましょう。\nabove() 指定された要素の上に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 指定された要素の下に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 指定された要素の左側に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 指定された要素の右側に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 指定した要素から最大 50px 離れたWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"選択要素の操作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一部の要素では、自動化するためにかなりのボイラープレートコードが必要になる場合があります。 これを減らしてテストをきれいにするために、Seleniumサポートパッケージに Select クラスがあります。 それを使用するには、次のimportステートメントが必要です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     そして、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素を参照するWebElementを使用してSelectオブジェクトを作成できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     Selectオブジェクトは、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素とやり取りできる一連のコマンドを提供します。 まず、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素からオプションを選択するさまざまな方法があります。\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; 上記の要素から最初のオプションを選択するには、3つの方法があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     以下を使用して、選択されているオプションを確認できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     または、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素に含まれる \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; 要素に興味があるかもしれません。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     要素の選択を解除する場合は、4つの選択肢があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     最後に、一部の \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素を使用すると、複数のオプションを選択できます。 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素がこれらの1つであるかどうかを調べるには、下記のように記述します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン","tags":[],"description":"","content":"複数の理由から、WebDriverを使用してGmailやFacebookなどのサイトにログインすることはお勧めしません。 これらのサイトの使用条件（アカウントがシャットダウンされるリスクがある）に違反することは別として、それは遅く、信頼性がありません。\n理想的なプラクティスは、メールプロバイダーが提供するAPIを使用すること、またはFacebookの場合、テストアカウントや友人などを作成するためのAPIを公開する開発者ツールサービスを使用することです。 APIの使用は少し大変な作業のように思えるかもしれませんが、速度、信頼性、および安定性に見返りがあります。 また、APIが変更されることはほとんどありませんが、WebページとHTMLロケーターは頻繁に変更され、テストフレームワークを更新する必要があります。\nテストの任意の時点でWebDriverを使用してサードパーティのサイトにログインすると、テストが長くなるため、テストが失敗するリスクが高くなります。 一般的な経験則として、テストが長くなるほど脆弱で信頼性が低くなります。\nW3C準拠 のWebDriver実装は、サービス拒否攻撃を軽減できるように、navigatorオブジェクトにWebDriverプロパティで注釈を付けます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQLクエリのサポート","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQLは、APIのクエリ言語であり、既存のデータでこれらのクエリを実行するためのランタイムです。 これにより、ユーザーは必要なものだけを正確に要求することができます。\n列挙型(Enum) 列挙型は、フィールドの可能な値のセットを表します。\nたとえば、 Node オブジェクトには status というフィールドがあります。 UP 、 DRAINING 、または UNAVAILABLE の可能性があるため、状態は、 列挙型（具体的には、Status タイプ）です。\nスカラー スカラーはプリミティブ値です： Int 、 Float 、 String 、 Boolean 、または ID 。\nGraphQL APIを呼び出すときは、スカラーのみを返すまでネストされたサブフィールドを指定する必要があります。\nスキーマの構造 グリッドスキーマの構造は次のとおりです。\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } GraphQLで照会する GraphQLをクエリする最良の方法は、 curl リクエストを使用することです。 GraphQLを使用すると、必要なデータのみをフェッチできます。それ以上でもそれ以下でもありません。\nGraphQLクエリの例のいくつかを以下に示します。 必要に応じて独自のクエリを作成できます。\nグリッド内の maxSessionと sessionCountの数を照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 通常、ローカルマシンでは、 \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; は http://localhost:4444/graphql になります。\nセッション、ノード、グリッドのすべての詳細を照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッドで現在のセッション数を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッドで最大セッション数を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内のすべてのノードのすべてのセッションの詳細を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのすべてのセッションのスロット情報を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 特定のセッションのセッション情報を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのcapabilityを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのステータスを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 各ノードとグリッドのURIを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 新しいセッションキューで現在のリクエストを取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 新しいセッションキューのサイズを取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 は新しい実装であり、以前のバージョンのコードベースを共有していません。\nGrid 4には、ローカルでの実行を可能にしながら、スケールアップを容易にするために、 いくつかの新しいテクノロジーを利用するアプローチがあります。\nGrid 4コンポーネントの詳細をすべて取得し、その仕組みと独自の設定方法を理解するには、 次のセクションを参照してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriverをはじめよう","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverをはじめよう Seleniumは市場で主要なブラウザの全てを WebDriver を使うことでサポートしています。 WebDriverとはAPI群とプロトコルです。これらはウェブブラウザの動作をコントロールするための言語中立なインターフェイスを定義しています。 それぞれのブラウザは特定のWebDriverの実装を持っており、これらは driver と呼ばれます。 driverはブラウザに委譲する責務を持つコンポーネントであり、Seleniumとブラウザ間の通信を処理します。\nこの分離は、ブラウザベンダーに自分たちのブラウザでの実装の責任を持たせるための意図的な努力のひとつです。 Seleniumは可能な場合これらのサードパーティ製のdriverを使いますが、それが現実的でない場合のためにプロジェクトでメンテナンスしているdriverも提供しています。\nSeleniumフレームワークはこれら全ての要素をユーザ向けのインターフェイスを通して結びつけます。このインターフェイスは異なるブラウザバックエンドを透過的に使えるようにし、クロスブラウザ・クロスプラットフォームの自動化を可能にします。\ndriverのより詳しい資料はDriver Idiosyncrasiesにあります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"このドキュメントについて","tags":[],"description":"","content":"これらのドキュメントは、コード自体と同様に、Seleniumコミュニティ内のボランティアによって100％維持されます。 当初から多くの人が使用してきましたが、多くの人が短期間しか使用しておらず、新しいユーザーのオンボーディングエクスペリエンスの改善に時間を割いてきました。\nドキュメントに問題がある場合、知りたいです！ 問題を伝える最良の方法は、https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issuesにアクセスし、問題が既に報告されているかどうかを検索することです。 そうでない場合は、自由に開いてください！\nコミュニティの多くのメンバーは、Libera.chat で #selenium Liberaチャンネルに頻繁にアクセスします。 気軽に立ち寄って質問してください。 これらのドキュメントで役立つと思われるヘルプを受け取った場合は、必ず貢献を追加してください。 これらのドキュメントを更新することはできますが、通常のコミッター以外から投稿を受け取ると、誰にとってもずっと簡単になります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"マウスアクションの詳細","tags":[],"description":"","content":"マウスは、マウスイベントを表します。 マウスアクションは低レベルインターフェイスを使用して実行され、仮想化されたデバイス入力アクションをWebブラウザーに提供できます。\nクリックとホールド 要素に移動し、指定された要素の中央で（解放せずに）クリックします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     コンテキストクリック（右クリック） このメソッドは、最初に要素の位置へのマウス移動を実行し、指定された要素でコンテキストクリック（右クリック）を実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     ダブルクリック 要素に移動し、指定された要素の中央でダブルクリックを実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素への移動 このメソッドは、マウスを要素の中央に移動します。 このアクションを実行すると、要素もビューにスクロールされます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     オフセットによる移動 このメソッドは、マウスを現在の位置（または0,0）から指定したオフセットだけ移動します。 座標がビューウィンドウの外側にある場合、マウスはブラウザウィンドウの外側になります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     ドラッグアンドドロップ このメソッドは、最初にソース要素でクリックアンドホールドを実行し、ターゲット要素の位置に移動してからマウスを離します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     オフセット分のドラッグアンドドロップ このメソッドは、まずソース要素でクリックアンドホールドを実行し、指定されたオフセットに移動してからマウスを離します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     リリース このアクションは、押し下げられたマウスの左ボタンをリリースします。 WebElementが渡されると、指定されたWebElementでマウスの左ボタンが押された状態でリリースされます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"モック外部サービス","tags":[],"description":"","content":"外部サービスへの依存を排除すると、テストの速度と安定性が大幅に向上します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"レガシー Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Selenium-IDE (統合開発環境) は、Selenium テストケースを開発するためのツールです。 Selenium-IDE は使いやすい Firefox プラグインで、一般にテストケースを開発するための最も効率的な方法です。 Selenium-IDE ではコンテキストメニューも使用できます。 コンテキストメニューを使うと、まず現在ブラウザに表示されているページ上の UI 要素を選択し、次に Selenium コマンドのリストから目的のコマンドを選択できます。 コマンドのパラメータは、選択された UI 要素のコンテキストに従って、あらかじめ定義されたものが使われます。 Selenium-IDE を使う方法は、時間の節約になるだけでなく、Selenium スクリプトの構文を学ぶ手段としても優れています。\nこの章では Selenium-IDE について詳しく取り上げ、Selenium-IDE を効果的に使う方法について説明します。\nIDEのインストール Firefoxを使用して、最初にSeleniumHQダウンロードページからIDEをダウンロードします。\nFirefoxは、不慣れな場所からアドオンをインストールしないように保護するため、次のスクリーンショットに示すように、インストールを続行するには'許可'をクリックする必要があります。\nFirefoxからダウンロードすると、次のウィンドウが表示されます。\n「今すぐインストール」を選択します。 Firefoxの「アドオン」ウィンドウがポップアップし、最初にプログレスバーが表示されます。 ダウンロードが完了すると、次のような画面になります。\nFirefoxを再起動します。 Firefoxの再起動後、Firefoxの「ツール」メニューには、「Selenium-IDE」が表示されます。\nIDEを開く Selenium-IDEを実行するには、Firefoxの「ツール」メニューから「Selenium-IDE」を選択するだけです。 空のスクリプト編集ウィンドウと、テストケースを読み込んだり新規作成したりするメニューのある Selenium-IDE のウィンドウが表示されます。\nIDEの機能 メニューバー 「ファイル」メニューには、テストケースとテストスイート（テストケースのスイート）のオプションがあります。 これらを使用して、新しいテストケースを追加し、テストケースを開き、テストケースを保存し、選択した言語でテストケースをエクスポートできます。 最近のテストケースを開くこともできます。 これらすべてのオプションは、テストスイートでも使用できます。\n「編集」メニューでは、テストケースのコマンドを編集するためのすべての操作をコピー、貼り付け、削除、元に戻す、選択できます。 「オプション」メニューでは、さまざまな設定を変更できます。 特定のコマンドのタイムアウト値を設定し、Seleniumコマンドの基本セットにユーザー定義のユーザー拡張機能を追加し、テストケースを保存するときに使用する形式（言語）を指定できます。 「ヘルプ」メニューは Firefox 標準の「ヘルプ」メニューで、この中の 「UI-Element Documentation」 だけが Selenium-IDE に関係のある項目です。\nツールバー ツールバーには、テストケースをデバッグするためのステップ実行機能をはじめ、テストケースの実行をコントロールするためのさまざまなボタンが並んでいます。 右端の赤い丸のボタンは、「Record」(記録) ボタンです。\n「Speed Control」 (速度調節): テストケースの実行速度を調節します。\n「Run All」 (すべて実行): 複数のテストケースを持つテストスイートが読み込まれているときにテストスイート全体を実行します。\n「Run」 (実行): 現在選択されているテストを実行します。 テストが1つしか読み込まれていない場合、このボタンと「Run All」ボタンの動作は同じです。\n「Pause」 / 「Resume」 (一時停止/再開) : 実行中のテストを一時停止または再開します。\n「Step」(ステップ実行): コマンドを1つずつ実行し、テストケースの「1ステップ実行」を行います。 テストケースをデバッグするときに使います。\n「TestRunner Mode」 (TestRunner モード): テストケースを Selenium-Core TestRunner で読み込んでブラウザで実行することができます。 TestRunner は今はあまり使われておらず、いずれ非推奨となるでしょう。 このボタンは、テストケースを評価して、TestRunner との後方互換性があるかどうかを調べるために用意されています。 ほとんどのユーザーは、このボタンを使う必要はないでしょう。\n「Apply Rollup Rules」(ロールアップルールを適用): この高度な機能を利用すると、一連の Selenium コマンドの繰り返しを 1 つのアクションにまとめることができます。 ロールアップルールの詳細については、「ヘルプ」 メニューの [UI-Element Documentation] を参照してください。\nテストケース ペイン スクリプトは「テストケース」ペインに表示されます。 ペインには2つのタブがあります。 次に示すのは、コマンドとそのパラメータを読みやすい「テーブル」形式で表示するための [「テーブル」タブです。\nもう 1 つの「ソース」タブには、テストケースがネイティブ形式で表示されます。 ファイルはこのネイティブ形式で保存されます。 デフォルトでは HTML ですが、Java や C# などのプログラミング言語、あるいは Python などのスクリプト言語に変更することもできます。 詳細については、「オプション」 メニューを参照してください。 「ソース」 タブでは、テストケースを生の形式で編集することができ、操作のコピー、切り取り、貼り付けが可能です。\n「コマンド」、「対象」、および 「値」 入力フィールドには、現在選択されているコマンドとそのパラメータが表示されます。 これらの入力フィールドでは、現在選択されているコマンドを修正できます。 一番下のペインの 「リファレンス」 タブで、コマンドに対して指定されている 1 つ目のパラメータは、必ず 「対象」 フィールドに入力します。 「リファレンス」 タブで 2 つ目のパラメータが指定されている場合、このパラメータは 「値」 フィールドに入力します。\n「コマンド」フィールドに文字を入力すると、入力した文字に応じてドロップダウンリストに項目が表示されるので、このリストから目的のコマンドを選択できます。\nログ/参照/UI要素/ロールアップペイン 一番下のペインは、さまざまな機能で使われます。 「ログ」、「リファレンス」、「UI-Element」、および 「Rollup」 の4つのタブがあります。\nログ テストケースを実行すると、「ログ」 タブを選択していなくても、エラーメッセージとテストの進行状況を示す情報メッセージが自動的にこのペインに表示されます。 これらのメッセージは、しばしばテストケースのデバッグに役立ちます。 ログを消去するには 「消去」 ボタンをクリックします。 「情報」 ボタンをクリックすると、ドロップダウンリストが表示されます。 リストで目的の項目を選択すれば、画面に表示する情報のレベルを指定できます。\nリファレンス 「リファレンス」 タブは、「テーブル」 タブで Selenese コマンドとパラメータを入力したり修正したりする場合にデフォルトで選択されるタブです。 「テーブル」 タブが表示されている場合、「リファレンス」 ペインには現在のコマンドのリファレンスが表示されます。 「テーブル」 タブの 「ソース」 タブのどちらで作業している場合も、コマンドを入力または修正するときは、「対象」 フィールドと 「値」 フィールドで指定するパラメータが、「リファレンス」 ペインのパラメータリストに指定されているものと一致していることを確認することが非常に重要です。 指定するパラメータの数は、「リファレンス」 ペインで指定されている数と一致しなければならず、パラメータの順序も 「リファレンス」 ペインのそれと一致しなければなりません。 さらに、指定するパラメータの型も、「リファレンス」 ペインで指定されている型と一致していなければなりません。 これら 3つのうち、1つでも一致しないものがあれば、コマンドは正常に実行されません。\n「リファレンス」 タブはクイックリファレンスとして大いに役立ちますが、Seleniumリファレンスを参照することもしばしば必要になります。\nUI-ElementとRollup これらの2つのペイン (高度な機能を扱うためのペイン) については、Selenium-IDE の 「ヘルプ」 メニューの 「UI-Element Documentation」 を参照してください。\nテストケースの作成 テストケースを開発するための主な方法は3つあります。 多くの場合、テスト開発者はこれら 3 つのテクニックをすべて使う必要があります。\n記録 Selenium を初めて使うユーザーは、Web サイトでの操作を記録してテストケースを作成することが多いようです。Selenium-IDE を最初に開いたとき、「Record」 ボタンはデフォルトでオンになっています。\nSelenium-IDEで自動的に記録を開始したくない場合は、Options \u0026gt; Options… に移動し、\u0026ldquo;Start recording immediately on open.\u0026ldquo;の選択を解除して、これをオフにできます。\n記録中は、ユーザーの操作に基づいて Selenium-IDE がテストケースにコマンドを自動的に挿入します。 次に示すのは、典型的なユーザーの操作です。\n リンクをクリックする - click または clickAndWait コマンド 値を入力する - type コマンド ドロップダウンリストボックスからオプションを選択する - select コマンド チェックボックスまたはラジオボタンをクリックする - click コマンド  いくつか注意すべき点を次に示します。\n typeコマンドが記録されるようにするには、Web ページ上のどこか別の場所をクリックする操作が必要になる場合があります。 リンクをたどる操作は、通常は click コマンドとして記録されます。 多くの場合、 click コマンドは clickAndWait に変更して、新しいページが完全に読み込まれるまでテストケースを確実に停止させる必要があります。 そうしないと、ページに含まれるすべての UI 要素が読み込まれる前にテストケースの実行が先に進み、予期しない形でテストケースが失敗することになります。  コンテキストメニューを使った検証とアサートの追加 テストケースでは、Web ページのプロパティをチェックする必要もあるでしょう。 それには、 assert コマンドと verify コマンドを使う必要があります。 ここでは、これらのコマンドの細かな点には触れません。 テストケースに追加する方法だけを説明します。 コマンドの詳細については、 “Selenese” Selenium コマンド に関する章を参照してください。\nSelenium-IDE の記録機能がオンの状態で、テスト対象のアプリケーションを表示しているブラウザを選択し、ページ上の任意の場所を右クリックします。 すると、 verify コマンドや assert コマンドを含むコンテキストメニューが表示されます。\n初めて Selenium を使う場合には、Selenium コマンドが1つしか表示されないかもしれません。 しかし、IDE を使っていると、メニューに表示されるコマンドがどんどん増えていきます。 Selenium-IDE は、現在の Web ページ上で選択されている UI 要素に応じて、必要なコマンドとパラメータの予測を試みます。\n実際にこの機能をためしてみましょう。 適当な Web ページを開き、ページ上のテキストを選択します。 段落1つか、見出しがいいでしょう。 次に、選択したテキストを右クリックします。 コンテキストメニューが表示され、 verifyTextPresent コマンドと、このコマンドにふさわしいパラメータとして、選択されたテキスト自体が表示されるはずです。\nまた、「利用可能な全てのコマンド」 という項目があることに注目してください。 この項目を選択すると、非常に多くのコマンドが、現在選択されている UI 要素のテストに適したパラメータ案とともに表示されます。\nいくつかほかの UI 要素についても、同じようにためしてみてください。 たとえば、画像を右クリックしたり、ボタンやチェックボックスなどのユーザーコントロールを右クリックしたりしてみてください。 verifyTextPresent 以外のオプションを見るには、「利用可能な全てのコマンド」 を使う必要があるかもしれません。 いったんほかのオプションを選択すると、よく使われるコマンドがトップレベルのコンテキストメニューに表示されるようになります。 たとえば、画像に対して verifyElementPresent を選択すると、次に画像を選択して右クリックしたときに、トップレベルのコンテキストメニューにこのコマンドが表示されるようになります。\n繰り返しになりますが、これらのコマンドの詳細については、Selenium のコマンドに関する章で説明します。 とりあえずここでは、IDE を使ってさまざまなコマンドをテストケースに記録、選択し、テストケースを実行してみてください。IDE を使っていうちに、Selenium のコマンドについても自然に多くのことを学べるはずです。\n編集 コマンドの挿入 テーブル タブ テストケース内のコマンドを挿入する場所を選択します。 右クリックして 「コマンドを挿入」 をクリックします。 コマンド編集用のテキストフィールドを使って、新しいコマンドとそのパラメータを入力します。\nソース タブ テストケース内のコマンドを挿入する場所を選択し、3 列からなる行を 1 つ作成するのに必要な HTML タグを入力します。 この行の 1 列目にはコマンドを、2 列目には最初のパラメータを (パラメータが必要な場合)、3 列目には 2 つ目のパラメータを (パラメータが必要な場合) 入力します。「テーブル」 タグに戻るときは、その前にテストケースを保存します。\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; コメントの挿入 テストケースの可読性を高めるためにコメントを入力できます。 テストケースの実行時にはコメントは無視されます。\n垂直方向の空白 (1 行以上の空白行) をテストに追加するには、空のコメントを作成する必要があります。 空のコマンドでは実行時にエラーが発生します。\nテーブル タブ テストケース内のコメントを挿入する場所を選択します。 右クリックして 「コメントを挿入」 をクリックします。 「コマンド」 フィールドにコメントを入力します。 入力したコメントは紫色のフォントで表示されます。\nソース タブ テストケース内のコメントを挿入する場所を選択します。 HTML スタイルのコメント、すなわち \u0026lt;!-- これはコメントです -–\u0026gt; を入力します。\nコマンドまたはコメントの編集 テーブル タブ 変更する行を選択し、「コマンド」、「対象」、および 「値」 フィールドを使って内容を編集します。\nソース タブ 「ソース」 タブは WYSIWYG エディタに相当する機能を持っているので、目的の行 (コマンド、パラメータ、またはコメント) を編集します。\nテストケースを開く、保存する ほとんどのプログラムと同様に、「ファイル」メニューには「保存」および「開く」コマンドがあります。 ただし、Seleniumはテストケースとテストスイートを区別します。 後で使用するためにSelenium-IDEテストを保存するには、個々のテストケースを保存するか、テストスイートを保存します。 テストスイートのテストケースが保存されていない場合は、テストスイートを保存する前に保存するよう求められます。\n既存のテストケースまたはスイートを開くと、Selenium-IDEのテストケースペインにSeleniumコマンドが表示されます。\nテストケースの実行 Selenium-IDE には、テストケースを実行するためのさまざまなオプションがあり、1つのテストケースの実行、停止と再開、1 行ずつの実行、現在開発中のコマンドだけの実行、テストスイート全体の実行などが可能です。 Selenium-IDE では、テストケースを非常に柔軟に実行できます。\nテストケースの実行\n「Run」 ボタンをクリックすると、現在表示されているテストケースが実行されます。\nテストスイートの実行\n「Run All」 ボタンをクリックすると、現在読み込まれているテストスイートに含まれるすべてのテストケースが実行されます。\n停止と再開\n「Pause」 ボタンをクリックすると、実行中のテストケースを停止できます。 テストケースの実行を停止すると、ボタンのアイコンは 「Resume」 ボタンのアイコンに変わります。実行を再開するには、「Resume」 ボタンをクリックします。\n途中で実行を停止\nテストケース内でブレークポイントを指定すると、特定のコマンドでテストケースを停止することができます。 この機能は、テストケースをデバッグするときに便利です。 ブレークポイントを指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 「ブレークポイントの指定/解除」 をクリックします。\n途中から実行を開始\nテストケースの途中にある特定のコマンドから実行を開始することができます。 この機能も、テストケースをデバッグするときに便利です。 開始位置を指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 「開始位置の指定/解除」 をクリックします。\n任意のコマンドの実行\n1 つのコマンドだけをダブルクリックすると、そのコマンドを実行することができます。 この機能は、コマンドを 1 つ記述するときに便利です。 作成中のコマンドが適切かどうかわからないときでも、コマンドを即座にテストできます。 コマンドをダブルクリックするだけで、適切に実行されるかどうか確認できます。この機能は、コンテキストメニューからも利用できます。\nBase URL を使った、異なるドメインでのテストケースの実行 Selenium-IDE ウィンドウの上部にある 「Base URL」 フィールドを使うと、テストケースを異なるドメインで実行できるので便利です。 たとえば、 http://news.portal.com という名前のサイトが http://beta.news.portal.com という名前でインハウスのベータサイトを持っていたとします。 この場合、これらのサイトが対象で、 open ステートメントで始まるすべてのテストケースについて、 open の引数に 絶対 URL (http: または https: などのプロトコルで始まる URL) ではなく、 相対 URL を指定します。 すると、Selenium-IDE は、[Base URL] フィールドに入力された値の最後に、 open コマンドの引数を追加して、絶対 URL を作成します。 たとえば次のテストケースは、 http://news.portal.com/about.html を対象に実行されます。\nここで、「Base URL」 フィールドの設定を変更してテストケースを実行すれば、同じテストケースが今度は http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html を対象に実行されます。\nSelenium コマンド- \u0026ldquo;Selenese\u0026rdquo; Selenium コマンドは、多くの場合seleneseと呼ばれ、テストを実行するコマンドのセットです。 これらのコマンドのシーケンスはテストスクリプトです。 ここでは、これらのコマンドを詳細に説明し、Seleniumを使用するときにWebアプリケーションをテストする際に選択できる多くの選択肢を示します。\nSeleniumには、想像できるあらゆる方法でWebアプリを完全にテストするための豊富なコマンドセットが用意されています。 この一連のコマンドは、よくseleneseと呼ばれます。 これらのコマンドは、基本的にテスト言語を作成します。\nseleneseでは、HTMLタグに基づいてUI要素の存在をテストしたり、特定のコンテンツをテストしたり、壊れたリンクをテストしたり、入力フィールド、選択リストオプション、フォームを送信したり、テーブルデータなどをテストできます。 さらに、Seleniumコマンドは、ウィンドウサイズ、マウス位置、アラート、Ajax機能、ポップアップウィンドウ、イベント処理、およびその他の多くのWebアプリケーション機能のテストをサポートしています。 コマンドリファレンスには、使用可能なすべてのコマンドがリストされています。\nコマンドは、Seleniumに何をすべきかを伝えます。 Seleniumコマンドには、 アクション 、 アクセサ 、アサーション という3つの\u0026quot;フレーバー\u0026quot;があります。\n  アクション は、一般的にアプリケーションの状態を操作するコマンドです。 \u0026ldquo;このリンクをクリックする\u0026rdquo; や \u0026ldquo;そのオプションを選択する\u0026rdquo; といったことを実行します。 アクションが失敗するか、エラーがある場合、現在のテストの実行は停止されます。\n\u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; 接尾辞を使用して、多くのアクションを呼び出すことができます。（例 : \u0026ldquo;clickAndWait\u0026rdquo;） この接尾辞は、アクションによってブラウザーがサーバーを呼び出すこと、およびSeleniumが新しいページの読み込みを待つことをSeleniumに伝えます。\n  アクセサー はアプリケーションの状態を調べ、結果を変数に保存します。（例 : \u0026ldquo;storeTitle\u0026rdquo;） また、アサーションを自動的に生成するためにも使用されます。\n  アサーション はアクセサーに似ていますが、アプリケーションの状態が期待どおりになっていることを検証します。 たとえば、\u0026ldquo;ページタイトルがXであることを確認する\u0026rdquo; 、\u0026ldquo;このチェックボックスがオンになっていることを確認する\u0026rdquo; などです。\n  すべてのSeleniumアサーションは、\u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo;、および \u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026quot;の3つのモードで使用できます。 たとえば、\u0026ldquo;assertText\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;verifyText\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;waitForText\u0026quot;を使用できます。 \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; が失敗すると、テストは中止されます。 \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; が失敗すると、テストは実行を継続し、失敗を記録します。 これにより、単一の \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; でアプリケーションが正しいページにあることを確認し、続いてフォームフィールドの値、ラベルなどをテストするための \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; アサーションが多数行われます。\n\u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026rdquo; コマンドは、何らかの条件が真になるまで待機します（Ajaxアプリケーションのテストに役立ちます）。 条件がすでに真であれば、すぐに成功します。 ただし、現在のタイムアウト設定内で条件が真にならない場合、それらは失敗し、テストを停止します（以下のsetTimeoutアクションを参照）。\nスクリプトシンタックス Seleniumコマンドは単純で、コマンドと2つのパラメーターで構成されています。 例えば、\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    パラメーターは必ずしも必要ではありません。 コマンドに依存します。 両方のパラメータが必要な場合もあれば、1つのパラメータが必要な場合もあります。 また、コマンドがパラメータをまったく受け取らない場合もあります。 ここにいくつかの例があります。\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    コマンドリファレンスでは、各コマンドのパラメーター要件について説明しています。\nパラメーターは異なりますが、通常は、\n ページ内のUI要素を識別するためのロケーター 予想されるページコンテンツを検証またはアサートするためのテキストパターン 入力フィールドにテキストを入力するため、またはオプションリストからオプションを選択するためのテキストパターンまたはSelenium変数  ロケーター、テキストパターン、Selenium変数、およびコマンド自体については、Seleniumコマンドの章で詳しく説明します。\nSelenium-IDEから実行されるSeleniumスクリプトは、HTMLテキストファイル形式で保存されます。 これは、3つの列を持つHTMLテーブルで構成されます。 最初の列はSeleniumコマンドを示し、2番目の列はターゲットであり、最後の列には値が含まれています。 2番目と3番目の列は、選択したSeleniumコマンドによっては値を必要としない場合がありますが、存在する必要があります。 各テーブル行は、新しいSeleniumコマンドを表します。 以下は、ページを開き、ページタイトルをアサートし、ページ上のコンテンツを検証するテストの例です。\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; ブラウザでテーブルとしてレンダリングされると、次のようになります。\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nテストスイート テストスイートは、テストのコレクションです。 多くの場合、テストスイート内のすべてのテストを1つの連続バッチジョブとして実行します。\nSelenium-IDEを使用する場合、テストスイートは単純なHTMLファイルを使用して定義することもできます。 構文も簡単です。 HTMLテーブルはテストのリストを定義し、各行は各テストへのファイルシステムパスを定義します。 例ですべてがわかります。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; これと似たファイルを使用すると、Selenium-IDEから次々にテストを実行できます。\nSelenium-RCを使用している場合、テストスイートも維持できます。 これはプログラミングによって行われ、いくつかの方法で行うことができます。 通常、Junitは、JavaでSelenium-RCを使用している場合にテストスイートを維持するために使用されます。 さらに、C#が選択された言語である場合、Nunitを使用できます。 Selenium-RCでPythonのようなインタープリター言語を使用する場合、テストスイートのセットアップにいくつかの簡単なプログラミングが含まれます。 Selenium-RCを使用する理由はすべて、テストにプログラミングロジックを使用することであるため、通常これは問題になりません。\n一般的に使用されるSeleniumコマンド Seleniumの紹介を終了するために、いくつかの典型的なSeleniumコマンドを紹介します。 これらはおそらく、テストを構築するために最も一般的に使用されるコマンドです。\nopen\nURLを使用してページを開きます。\nclick/clickAndWait\nクリック操作を実行し、オプションで新しいページがロードされるのを待ちます。\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\n期待されるページタイトルを検証します。\nverifyTextPresent\n期待されるテキストがページのどこかにあることを確認します。\nverifyElementPresent\nHTMLタグで定義されている、期待されるUI要素がページに存在することを確認します。\nverifyText\n期待されるテキストとそれに対応するHTMLタグがページに存在することを確認します。\nverifyTable\nテーブルの期待される内容を検証します。\nwaitForPageToLoad\n期待される新しいページがロードされるまで実行を一時停止します。 clickAndWaitが使用されると自動的に呼び出されます。\nwaitForElementPresent\nHTMLタグで定義されているように、期待されるUI要素がページに表示されるまで実行を一時停止します。\nページ要素の検証 ページ上の UI 要素の検証は、自動化されたテストではおそらく最もよく使われる機能でしょう。 Selenese では、UI 要素をさまざまな方法でチェックすることができます。 実際のテスト対象はどの方法を使うかによって左右されるので、これらの方法の違いを理解することが重要になります。\nたとえば、現在テストしようとしているのは、次のどれでしょうか\u0026hellip;。\n ある要素がページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうか。 特定のテキストがページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうか。 特定のテキストがページ上の特定の場所に存在しているかどうか。  テキスト見出しをテストする場合、おそらくテスト対象として適しているのは、ページ先頭のテキストとその位置でしょう。 一方、画像がホームページ上に存在するかどうかをテストする場合で、Web デザイナーが具体的な画像ファイルとそのページ上の位置を頻繁に変更しているようなケースでは、(具体的な画像ファイルではなく) 画像 が ページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうかをテストする方が適切でしょう。\nアサーションと検証 “assert” (アサート) と “verify” (検証) のどちらを使うかは、利便性、そしてエラーの扱いをどうするかによって決まります。 期待されたページがブラウザに表示されているかどうかをチェックするテストがすでに失敗しているのに、そのページの最初のパラグラフが正しいものかどうかをチェックしても、ほとんど意味はありません。 目的のページが表示されていなければ、テストケースを中止して、何が原因かすぐ調べて、問題を解決した方がよいでしょう。 一方、最初のエラーでテストケースを中止せず、ページ上の多くの属性をチェックしたい場合もあります。 こうすれば、該当するページ上のすべてのエラーをまとめて見直し、適切な対応策を講じることができます。 Selenium のコマンドを使う場合、”assert” では、テストがエラーになり、現在のテストケースは中止されますが、”verify” では、テストはエラーになるものの、テストケースの実行は続行されます。\nこの機能を上手に活用するには、テストのコマンドを論理的にグループ化し、各グループを “assert” で始め、その後に 1 つまたは複数の “verify” コマンドを続けて記述します。 例を次に示します。\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    上記の例では、最初にページを開き、次にタイトルを期待値と比較することで正しいページがロードされることを“アサート”します。 これが成功した場合にのみ、次のコマンドが実行され、テキストが予想される場所に存在することを“検証”します。 テストケースは、最初のテーブルの2行目の最初の列に期待値が含まれていることを“アサート”します。 これに合格した場合にのみ、その行の残りのセルが“検証”されます。\nverifyTextPresent verifyTextPresent コマンドは、 特定のテキストがページ上のどこかに存在することを検証するのに使います。 このコマンドは引数を 1 つだけ取ります。 引数には、検証するテキストのパターンを指定します。 次に例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     この例では、現在テストの対象になっているページ上で “Marketing Analysis” というテキスト文字列を探し、この文字列がページ上のどこかにあるかどうかを検証します。 verifyTextPresent コマンドは、テキストそれ自体がページ上に存在するかどうかだけを調べるときに使います。 テキストがページ上に現れる場所もテストの対象に含める必要がある場合には、このコマンドは使わないでください。\nverifyElementPresent このコマンドは、特定の UI 要素について、その内容ではなく、要素の存在自体をチェックするのに使います。 具体的にはテキストはチェックせず、HTML タグだけをチェックします。 一般的な使い方として、画像が存在するかどうかのチェックなどがあります。\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     この例では、\u0026lt;img\u0026gt; HTML タグの存在によって指定される画像が、ページ上に存在するかどうか、そして \u0026lt;img\u0026gt; タグが \u0026lt;div\u0026gt; タグと \u0026lt;p\u0026gt; タグに続いて出現するかどうかを検証しています。 最初の (1 つだけの) パラメータは、要素を探す方法を Selenese コマンドに指示するための ロケータ です。 ロケータについては、次のセクションで説明します。\nverifyElementPresentを使用して、ページ内のHTMLタグの存在を確認できます。 リンク、段落、分割 \u0026lt;div\u0026gt;などの存在を確認できます。 さらにいくつかの例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     これらの例は、UI要素をテストするさまざまな方法を示しています。 繰り返しになりますが、ロケータについては次のセクションで説明します。\nverifyText テキストとそのUI要素の両方をテストする必要がある場合は、verifyTextを使用します。 verifyTextはロケーターを使用する必要があります。 XPath ロケーターまたは DOM ロケーターを選択した場合、特定のテキストが、ページ上のほかの UI コンポーネントとの相対位置で指定される特定の場所に出現するかどうかを検証できます。\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    要素の特定 多くの Selenium コマンドでは、対象を指定する必要があります。 この対象は、Web アプリケーションのコンテキスト内で要素を特定するためのもので、ロケーションストラテジーに続けて、 locatorType=location の形でロケーションを指定します。 多くの場合、ロケーションのタイプは省略できます。 ロケーションのタイプについては、以下で例を挙げながら説明します。\n識別子による特定 この方法は、要素を特定する方法としておそらく最も一般的で、ロケータタイプとして認識されるものが使われていない場合の汎用デフォルトです。 このストラテジーでは、id 属性を持つ要素のうち、ロケーションに一致する最初の要素が使われます。 id 属性に一致する要素がない場合には、name 属性を持つ要素のうち、ロケーションに一致する最初の要素が使われます。\nたとえば、ページソースに次のような id 属性と name 属性があったとします。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; この場合、次のロケータストラテジーは、上の HTML 断片のうち、行番号で示される部分の要素を返します。\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  identifier タイプのロケーターはデフォルトであるため、上記の最初の3つの例の identifier= は必要ありません。\nidによる特定 このタイプのロケータは identifier ロケータタイプよりも限定の度合いは高くなりますが、それと同時に、より明示的になります。要素の id 属性がわかっている場合に使用します。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Nameによる特定 name ロケータタイプは、nama 属性に一致する最初の要素を特定します。 1つの name 属性に対して、複数の要素が同じ値を持っている場合には、フィルタを使ってロケーションストラテジーの精度を高めることができます。 デフォルトのフィルタタイプは value です (value 属性に一致)。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  注 : 一部のタイプの XPath ロケータや DOM ロケータと異なり、これまでに示した 3 つのタイプのロケータを使えば、ページ上の位置に関係なく UI 要素をテストすることができます。 したがって、ページの構造や構成が変わっても、テストはパスします。 ページの構造が変わったかどうかについては、テストしたい場合もテストしたくない場合もあるでしょう。 Web デザイナーが頻繁にページに手を加えていて、ページの機能を回帰テストの対象にする必要がある場合には、id 属性や name 属性、または任意の HTML プロパティによるテストが非常に重要になります。\nXPathによる特定 XPath は、XML ドキュメント内のノードを特定するために使われる言語です。 HTML は XML (XHTML) の実装でもありうるので、Selenium ユーザーは XPath という強力な言語を使って、Web アプリケーション内の要素を特定することができます。 XPath は、id 属性や name 属性による要素の特定という単純な方法を (サポートすると当時に) さらに拡張しており、ページ上の3番目のチェックボックスを特定するなど、あらゆる種類の新しい可能性を開いてくれる言語です。\nXPathを使う主な理由の1つは、特定したい要素に対応する適切な id 属性や name 属性がない場合があることです。 XPathを使うと、要素を絶対的に特定したり (ただし、このやり方は推奨されません)、id 属性または name 属性を持つ要素からの相対位置で要素を特定したりできます。 XPath ロケータを使って、id や name 以外の属性から要素を特定することもできます。\n絶対 XPath には、ルート (html) からのすべての要素の位置が含まれており、したがって 、アプリケーションにわずかな変更を加えただけで、XPath による特定がうまくいかなる可能性があります。 id 属性または name 属性を持つ近くの要素 (理想的には親要素) を見つけることによって、対象となる要素を相対関係に基づいて特定できるようになります。 これは、アプリケーションに変更が加えられても変わる可能性は低く、テストをより堅牢にすることができます。\nxpath ロケーターのみが \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; で始まるため、XPathロケーターを指定するときに xpath= ラベルを含める必要はありません。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - 絶対パス（HTMLが少しだけ変更された場合に壊れます） //form[1] (3) - HTMLの最初のフォーム要素 xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; という名前の属性と値 \u0026lsquo;loginForm'を持つフォーム要素 xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と値 \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; を持つ入力子要素を持つ最初のフォーム要素 //input[@name='username'] (4) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;username\u0026rsquo; という値を持つ最初の入力要素 //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - \u0026lsquo;id'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;loginForm'という値を持つフォーム要素の最初の入力子要素 //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;continue'という値の属性、\u0026lsquo;type'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;button'という値の入力 //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - \u0026lsquo;id'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;loginForm'という値を持つフォーム要素の4番目の入力子要素  これらの例では、いくつかの基本的な使い方を示しています。XPath の指定方法の詳細については、次の参考資料を読むことをお勧めします。\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  また、要素のXPathを検出するのに役立つ非常に便利なFirefoxアドオンがいくつかあります。\n XPath Checker XPathおよびXPath結果のテストに使用できます。 [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPathの提案は、この非常に便利なアドオンの多くの強力な機能の1つにすぎません。  リンクテキストによるハイパーリンクの特定 これは、リンクのテキストを使用してWebページのハイパーリンクを特定する簡単な方法です。 同じテキストの2つのリンクが存在する場合、最初に一致したものが使われます。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  DOMによる特定 ドキュメントオブジェクトモデルはHTMLドキュメントを表し、JavaScriptを使用してアクセスできます。 このロケーションストラテジーでは、ページ上の要素に評価される JavaScript を使用します。 単に階層型ドット記法を使って要素の位置を特定できます。\n\u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; で始まるのは dom ロケーターだけなので、DOMロケーターを指定するときに dom= ラベルを含める必要はありません。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  Selenium それ自体に加え、ほかのサイトや拡張機能を利用すれば、作成中のアプリケーションの DOM について詳しく知ることができます。 W3Schoolsには適切なリファレンスがあります。\nCSSによる特定 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) は、HTML ドキュメントと XML ドキュメントのレンダリングについて記述するための言語です。 CSS では、セレクタを使って、ドキュメント内の要素にスタイルプロパティをバインドしています。 Selenium では、これらのセレクタをロケーションストラテジーとして利用できます。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  CSSセレクターの詳細については、the W3C publicationをご覧ください。 詳しいリファレンスもここにあります。\n暗黙のロケーター 次の状況では、ロケータータイプを省略することができます。\n  ロケーター戦略が明示的に定義されていないロケーターは、デフォルトで識別子ロケーター戦略を使用します。 idによる特定　をご覧ください。\n  \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; で始まるロケーターは、XPathロケーター戦略を使用します。 XPathによる特定 をご覧ください。\n  \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; で始まるロケーターは、DOMロケーター戦略を使用します。 DOMによる特定 をご覧ください。\n  テキストパターンとの一致 ロケータ同様、 パターン も Selenese コマンドでしばしば必要になるタイプのパラメータです。パターンを指定する必要があるコマンドとしては、 verifyTextPresent 、 verifyTitle 、 verifyAlert 、 assertConfirmation 、 verifyText 、 verifyPrompt などがあります。 また、すでに示したリンクロケータでも、パターンを使用できます。 パターンを使うと、テキストを正確に指定しなくても、期待されるテキストを特殊文字の使用を通じて 記述 することができます。\nパターンには、 globbing 、 regular expressions 、 exact の 3 つの種類があります。\nグロビングパターン ほとんどのユーザーは、グロビングについてはすでによく知っていることでしょう。 グロビングは、DOS や Unix/Linux のコマンドラインで ls *.cなどとしてファイル名を展開するときに使われています。 この例では、現在のディレクトリ内に存在する拡張子 .cで終わるすべてのファイルが表示されます。 グロビングにはかなり制限があります。 Selenium の実装でサポートされている特殊文字は、次の 2 つだけです。\n*「何にでも一致」します。すなわち、何もなし、1 文字だけ、複数の文字のすべてに一致します。\n[ ] ( 文字クラス )。\u0026ldquo;角かっこ内の任意の 1 文字に一致\u0026quot;します。 ダッシュ文字 (ハイフン。 “-“) を使って文字の範囲 (ASCII 文字セットで連続する文字の範囲) を指定できます。 文字クラスのはたらきについては、いくつか実例を挙げた方がわかりやすいでしょう。\n[aeiou] は任意の小文字の母音に一致します。\n[0-9] は任意の数字に一致します。\n[a-zA-Z0-9] は任意の英数字に一致します。\nグロビングのほとんどの実装では、3 つ目の特殊文字として ? が含まれています。 しかし、Selenium のグロビングパターンでサポートされているのは、アスタリスク (*) と文字クラスだけです。\nSelenese コマンドでグロビングパターンを指定するには、指定するパターンの前に glob: ラベルを付けます。 ただし、グロビングパターンはデフォルトなので、このラベルを省略してパターンだけを指定することもできます。\n次に示すのは、グロビングパターンの使用例です。 ページ上の実際のリンクテキストは “Film/Television Department” でした。 正確に一致するテキストではなく、パターンを使うと、リンクのテキストが “Film \u0026amp; Television Department” や “Film and Television Department” に変更された場合でも、 click コマンドが動作するようになります。 グロビングパターンのアスタリスクは、 “Film” という単語と “Television” という単語の間に何もなくても、または何があっても一致します。\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     リンクをクリックして表示されるページの実際のタイトルは “De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu” でした。正確に一致するテキストではなく、パターンを使うと、ページのタイトルに “Film” と “Television” の 2 つの単語が (この順序で) 出現する限り、 verifyTitle はパスします。 たとえば、ページのオーナーがタイトルを短縮して “Film \u0026amp; Television Department” としても、テストはパスします。リンクとリンクが動作するかどうかのテスト (上の例では verifyTitle) との両方でパターンを使うことで、こうしたテストケースの保守の手間を大幅に減らすことができます。\n正規表現パターン 正規表現 パターンは、Selenese がサポートしている 3 種類のパターンの中で最も強力です。 正規表現はほとんどの高水準プログラミング言語、多くのテキストエディタ、さらに Linux/Unix のコマンドラインユーティリティである grep や sed 、 awk など、さまざまなツールでもサポートされています。 Selenese では、正規表現パターンを使うと、それ以外の方法では実現が難しい数多くのタスクを実行することができます。 たとえば、テーブルの特定のセルに入力されているのが数字だけかどうかをテストする必要があるとします。 この場合、 regexp: [0-9]+ と指定するだけで、任意の長さの数字に一致させることができます。\nSelenese のグロビングパターンでサポートしているのは * と [ ] (文字クラス) だけですが、Selenese の正規表現パターンでは JavaScript に存在するものと同じ幅広い特殊文字を使用できます。 次に示すのは、これらの特殊文字です。\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Selenese の正規表現パターンでは、先頭に regexp: または regexpi: を付ける必要があります。 前者は大文字と小文字を区別しますが、後者は大文字と小文字を区別しません。\nSelenese コマンドでの正規表現パターンの使い方については、いくつか実例を挙げた方がわかりやすいでしょう。 最初の例は、おそらく最もよく使われる正規表現である .* (“ドットスター”) を使ったものです。 この 2 文字の並びは、「任意の文字の 0 回以上の繰り返し」、もっとかみくだいて言えば、「すべて、または何もない」ものに一致します。1 文字のグロビングパターンで * (アスタリスク 1 つ) と指定するのと等価です。\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     上のテスト例は、すでに示したグロビングパターンを使ったテストの例と機能的には同じです。 違いは、プリフィックス (glob: の代わりに regexp: が使われていること) と、「すべて、または何もない」パターンが指定されていること ( * の代わりに .* が使われていること) だけです。\n次に示すのは、アラスカ州アンカレジの日の出時刻に関する情報が掲載されている Yahoo! Weather のページを対象としたもう少し複雑なテスト例です。\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     上の例で使われている正規表現を 1 つずつ見てみましょう。\n         Sunrise: * Sunrise: という文字列とそれに続く 0 個以上の空白   [0-9]{1,2} 1 個または 2 個の数字 (時間を表す)   : 文字 : そのもの (特殊文字は使われていない)   [0-9]{2} 2 個の数字 (分を表す) とそれに続く 1 個の空白   [ap]m 文字 “a” または “p” とそれに続く “m” (am または pm)    完全一致 Selenium の 完全一致 パターンは、それほど使う機会はないでしょう。 完全一致パターンでは、特殊文字は一切使いません。 したがって、(グロビングパターンと正規表現パターンでは特別な意味を持つ) アスタリスク文字を検索する必要がある場合には、完全一致パターンを使うのも 1 つの方法です。 たとえば、ドロップダウンリストで “Real *” というラベルの付いた項目を選択する場合、次のようなコードでは、期待どおりに動作する場合もそうでない場合もあります。 glob:Real *パターンに含まれるアスタリスクは、「すべて、または何もない」ものに一致します。 したがって、目的の select のオプションより前に “Real Numbers” というラベルの付いたオプションがあれば、それが選択され、目的の “Real *” というオプションは選択されないことになります。\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    項目 “Real *” が確実に選択されるようにするには、 exact: プリフィックスを使って次のように 完全一致 パターンを指定します。\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    ただし、正規表現パターンで次のようにアスタリスクをエスケープしても同じ結果が得られます。\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    ほとんどのテスターは、アスタリスクや、文字が間に入った角かっこの対 (グロビングパターンの文字クラス指定) を検索する必要はないでしょう。 したがって、大半のユーザーにとっては、グロビングパターンと正規表現パターンだけで十分なはずです。\n“AndWait” コマンド あるコマンドとそのコマンドに対応する AndWait コマンドとの違いは、通常のコマンド (click など) が、操作を実行すると可能な限り速やかに次のコマンドの実行を続けるのに対し、 AndWait コマンド (clickAndWait など) は、操作が実行された後、ページが読み込まれるまで 待機する よう Selenium に指示する点にあります。\n目的の操作によってブラウザがほかのページに移動したり、現在のページをリロードしたりする場合には、常に AndWait コマンドを使います。\nただし、ほかのページへの移動やページの更新を伴わない操作に対して AndWait コマンドを使うと、テストは失敗します。 テストが失敗する理由は、ほかのページへの移動や更新が行われないまま AndWait のタイムアウトに達して、Selenium がタイムアウト例外を発生させるためです。\nAJAX アプリケーションにおける waitFor コマンド AJAX 駆動型 Web アプリケーションでは、ページを更新することなく、サーバーからデータが取得されます。 この場合、実際にはページが更新されないため、 andWait コマンドは動作しません。 一定時間、テストの実行を停止するやり方も、優れた対応策とは言えません。 当該時点でのシステムの応答性能、負荷、その他の制御不可能な要素によって、指定された時間よりも早く、あるいは遅く、目的の Web 要素が表示されることがあり、その場合にはテストが失敗するからです。 最も適切なアプローチは、動的な期間、必要な要素が表示されるのを待って、要素が見つかり次第、テストの実行を続行するやり方です。\nwaitFor コマンドを使うと、このようなやり方を実現できます。 waitForElementPresent や waitForVisible は、動的な期間、待機し、目的の条件が満たされるかどうかを毎秒チェックし、条件が満たされると同時にスクリプトの次のコマンドの実行を続けます。\n評価順序とフロー制御 スクリプトを実行すると、そのスクリプトに含まれるコマンドが順序に従って実行されます。\nSelenese それ自体は、条件判定文 (if-else など) または反復 (for、while など) をサポートしていません。 フロー制御を使わなくても、多くの有用なテストは実行できます。 しかし、複数のページが関係することが多い動的コンテンツをきちんとテストするには、プログラミングロジックがしばしば必要になります。\nフロー制御が必要になった場合には、次の 3 つの選択肢があります。\na) Selenium-RC と、Java や PHP といったクライアントライブラリを使ってスクリプトを実行し、プログラミング言語の持つフロー制御機能を利用する。 b) スクリプトの内部から storeEval コマンドを使って小さな JavaScript コードの断片を実行する。 c) goto_sel_ide.js extension 拡張スクリプトをインストールする。\nほとんどのテスターは、テストスクリプトをプログラミング言語ファイルにエクスポートし、Selenium-RC API を利用する方法を選択することになるでしょう (Selenium-RC API については、Selenium-RC に関する章を参照)。 ただし、組織によっては、可能な限りテストスクリプトを Selenium-IDE から実行した方が都合がよい場合もあります (テストの実行を多数の契約社員に担当させている組織や、十分なプログラミングスキルを期待できないケースなど)。 このような場合には、JavaScript コードの断片を利用する方法か、goto_sel_ide.js 拡張スクリプトを使う方法を検討するとよいでしょう。\nstore コマンド群と Selenium 変数 Selenium 変数を使うと、スクリプトの冒頭で定数を格納することができます。 また、データ駆動型テスト設計と組み合わせて使う場合には (あとのセクションで取り上げます)、コマンドライン、ほかのプログラム、またはファイルからテストプログラムに渡す値を Selenium 変数に格納することができます。\nプレーンな store コマンドは、たくさんある store コマンド群の中で最も基本的なコマンドで、Selenium 変数に単純に定数値を格納するのに使用できます。 store コマンドは、変数に格納するテキスト値と Selenium 変数の 2 つのパラメータを取ります。 変数の名前を付けるときは、英数文字だけを使う標準的な命名規則に従ってください。\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     上のように記述すると、スクリプトのあとの方で、変数に格納された値を利用できます。 変数の値にアクセスするには、次に示すように、変数をブレース ({}) で囲み、先頭にドル記号を付けます。\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    変数の一般的な使い方の 1 つに、入力フィールドへの入力を格納する操作があります。\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium 変数は、最初のパラメータにも 2 番目のパラメータにも使用することができます。 コマンドのパラメータに変数が使われている場合、変数は、このコマンドが実行するほかのあらゆる操作に先立って Selenium によって解釈されます。 Selenium 変数をロケータ表現の内部で使うこともできます。\nverify および assert コマンドのそれぞれに対し、対応する store コマンドが存在します。 これらのコマンドのうち、よく使われるものを以下に示します。\nstoreElementPresent storeElementPresent は、verifyElementPresent に対応するコマンドです。 このコマンドは、UI 要素が見つかったかどうかに応じて、ブール値 (“true” または “false” のいずれか) を格納します。\nstoreText StoreText は、verifyText に対応するコマンドです。 このコマンドはロケータを使ってページ上の特定のテキストを探します。 テキストが見つかった場合には、そのテキストが変数に格納されます。 storeText を使うと、テスト対象のページからテキストを抽出することができます。\nstoreEval storeEval の最初のパラメータにはスクリプトを指定します。 JavaScript を Selenese に埋め込む方法については、次のセクションで取り上げます。 テストの中で storeEval を使うと、スクリプトの実行結果を変数に格納することができます。\nJavaScript と Selenese パラメータ JavaScript は、 スクリプト と非スクリプト (一般には式) の 2 つの種類の Selenese パラメータで使用できます。 ほとんどの場合は、Selenese パラメータに指定された JavaScript コードの断片の中で、テストケース変数にアクセスしたり操作したりすることが多いでしょう。 テストケース内で作成されたすべての変数は、JavaScript の 連想配列 に格納されます。連想配列とは、連番の添字ではなく、文字列を添字にもつ配列のことです。 作成したテストケースの変数が格納される連想配列には、 storedVars という名前が付けられます。 JavaScript コードの断片で変数にアクセスしたり操作したりするには、必ず storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;] の形で参照する必要があります。\nスクリプトパラメータでの JavaScript の使用 いくつかの Selenese コマンド、たとえば assertEval 、 verifyEval 、 storeEval 、 waitForEval などのコマンドでは、 スクリプト パラメータを指定します。これらのパラメータでは特別な構文は必要ありません。 Selenium-IDE ユーザーなら、JavaScript コードの断片の適切なフィールドを入力するだけです (通常、入力先のフィールドは 対象 フィールドです。 スクリプト パラメータは一般に、最初のパラメータか唯一のパラメータのいずれかだからです) 。\n次に示すのは、JavaScript コードの断片を使って簡単な算術演算を行う例です。\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    次に示すのは、JavaScript コードの断片でメソッドを呼び出す例です。 この例では、JavaScript String オブジェクトの toUpperCase メソッドと toLowerCase メソッドを呼び出しています。\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    非スクリプトパラメータでの JavaScript の使用 コマンドが取るパラメータの種類が スクリプト ではない場合でも、パラメータに使う値を JavaScript を使って生成することができます。 ただし、この場合には特別な構文が必要になり、JavaScript コードの断片をブレースで囲み、その前にラベル javascript を付ける必要があります。 具体的には、 javascript {*ここにコードを記述*} のように指定します。 次に示すのは、 type コマンドの 2 番目のパラメータ value を、特別な構文を使って JavaScript コードから生成する例です。\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - Selenese の Print コマンド Selenese には、テスト出力にテキストを書き込むことができる簡単なコマンドが用意されています。 このコマンドを使うと、テストの実行中に進捗状況を示す情報をコンソールに表示できるので便利です。 これらの情報を使えば、テスト結果のレポートに実行時の状況を埋め込むこともできるので、テストで問題が見つかったときに、ページ上のどこにバグがあるのか探すのに役立ちます。 また、echo 文を使うと、Selenium 変数の内容を出力できます。次に例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     警告、ポップアップ、および複数のウィンドウ 次のようなページをテストしているとします。\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; ユーザーは、アラート/確認ボックスに応答するとともに、新しく開いたポップアップウィンドウにフォーカスを移動する必要があります。 幸いなことに、SeleniumはJavaScriptポップアップをカバーできます。\nただし、アラート/確認/プロンプトを個別に詳細に説明する前に、それらの共通点を理解しておくと役立ちます。 アラート、確認ボックス、プロンプトにはすべて次のバリエーションがあります。\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) パターンがポップアップのテキストと一致しない場合、エラーをスローします   assertFooPresent ポップアップが利用できない場合はエラーをスローします   assertFooNotPresent ポップアップが存在する場合、エラーをスローします   storeFoo(variable) ポップアップのテキストを変数に保存します   storeFooPresent(variable) ポップアップのテキストを変数に保存し、trueまたはfalseを返します    Seleniumで実行している場合、JavaScriptポップアップは表示されません。 これは、関数呼び出しが実行時に実際にSeleniumのJavaScriptによってオーバーライドされるためです。 ただし、ポップアップが表示されないからといって、ポップアップを処理する必要はありません。 ポップアップを処理するには、その assertFoo(pattern) 関数を呼び出す必要があります。 ポップアップの存在をアサートしないと、次のコマンドがブロックされ、次のようなエラーが表示されます。 [エラー]エラー：予期しない確認がありました！ [オプションを選択してください。]\nアラート アラートは処理が最も簡単なポップアップなので、始めましょう。 まず、ブラウザで上記のHTMLサンプルを開き、\u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。 アラートを閉じると、\u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; というテキストが表示されます。 ページに表示されます。 次に、Selenium IDE記録で同じ手順を実行し、アラートを閉じた後にテキストが追加されたことを確認します。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     あなたは「それはおかしい、私はそのアラートをアサートしようとしたことはない」と考えているかもしれません。 ただし、これはSelenium-IDEの処理であり、アラートを閉じます。 そのステップを削除してテストを再生すると、次のエラーが表示されます [エラー]エラー：予期しないアラートがありました！ [I'm blocking!] 。 アラートの存在を確認するには、アラートのアサーションを含める必要があります。\nアラートが存在することをアサートしたいが、アラートに含まれるテキストがわからないか気にする必要がない場合は、assertAlertPresentを使うことができます。 これはtrueまたはfalseを返し、falseはテストを停止します。\n確認 確認はアラートとほぼ同じように動作し、 assertConfirmation と assertConfirmationPresent は対応するアラートと同じ特性を提供します。 ただし、デフォルトでは、確認が表示されたときにSeleniumはOKを選択します。 サンプルページの\u0026quot;確認ダイアログを表示\u0026quot;ボタンをクリックして記録を試みますが、ポップアップの\u0026quot;キャンセル\u0026quot;ボタンをクリックして、出力テキストをアサートします。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation 関数は、後続のすべての確認がfalseを返すことをSeleniumに伝えます。 chooseOkOnNextConfirmationを呼び出すことでリセットできます。\nSeleniumは未処理の確認があると苦情を言うので、このテストを再生できないことに気付くかもしれません。 これは、Selenium-IDEが記録するイベントの順序により、クリックしてchooseCancelOnNextConfirmationが間違った順序になるためです（考えてみれば、Seleniumは、確認を開く前にキャンセルしていることを知ることができません）。 これら2つのコマンドを切り替えると、テストは正常に実行されます。\nプロンプト プロンプトは、assertPrompt および assertPromptPresent が対応するアラートと同じ特性を提供することで、アラートとほぼ同じように動作します。 デフォルトでは、Seleniumはプロンプトがポップアップしたときにデータの入力を待機します。 サンプルページの \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックして記録を試み、プロンプトに \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; と入力します。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     プロンプトで\u0026quot;キャンセル\u0026quot;を選択すると、 answerOnNextPrompt が単に空白のターゲットを表示することに気付くかもしれません。 Seleniumは、プロンプトのキャンセルと空白のエントリを基本的に同じものとして扱います。\nデバッグ デバッグとはテストケースのエラーを見つけて解決する作業のことです。 デバッグはテストケース開発に含まれる通常の工程です。\nほとんどの Selenium 初心者もデバッグについてはすでに基礎知識を持っているでしょうから、ここではデバッグそのものについてはふれません。 デバッグをするのがまったく初めてという場合には、社内や組織内の開発者にアドバイスをもらってください。\nブレークポイントと開始位置 Selenium-IDE では、テストケース内の任意の位置でテストケースの実行を開始または停止するためのブレークポイントの指定と開始位置の指定がサポートされています。 この機能を使うと、テストケースの途中の特定のコマンドでテストケースの実行を停止させ、その時点でのテストケースの動作を調べることができます。 この場合、具体的には、調べようとするコマンドの直前のコマンドにブレークポイントを指定します。\nブレークポイントを指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで ブレークポイントの指定/解除 をクリックします。 テストケースを最初からブレークポイントまで実行するには、\u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。\nテストケースの途中から最後まで、または最初からブレークポイントまでの部分を実行できると便利なことがあります。 たとえば、最初に Web サイトにログインし、次に一連のテストを実行するテストケースを作成していて、ログイン後の一連のテストのいずれかをデバッグしたい場合などです。 この場合、ログインは 1 度すれば不要になりますが、その後のテストは繰り返し実行する必要があります。 このようなテストケースでは、いったんログインした後、ログイン操作の後に開始位置を指定し、この開始位置からテストケースを実行することができます。 こうすれば、テストケースを再実行するたびに手動で Web サイトからログアウトする必要はなくなります。\n開始位置を指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 開始位置の指定/解除 をクリックします。テストケースを開始位置から実行するには、\u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。\nテストケースのステップ実行 テストケースのコマンドを 1 つずつ実行 (ステップ実行) するには、次の手順に従います。\n  ツールバーの \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックしてテストケースの実行を開始します。\n  すぐに \u0026ldquo;Pause\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックして、テストケースの実行を一時停止します。\n  \u0026ldquo;Step\u0026rdquo; ボタンを繰り返しクリックします。\n  検索ボタン 検索ボタンを使うと、現在 (ブラウザに) 表示されている Web ページ上の UI 要素のうち、現在選択されている Selenium コマンドで使われているのはどの UI 要素かを知ることができます。 この機能は、コマンドの最初のパラメータでロケータを使う場合に便利です (Selenium のコマンドに関する章の 要素の特定 を参照)。 検索ボタンは、Web ページ上の UI 要素を指定する必要があるあらゆるコマンド、すなわち click 、 clickAndWait 、 type 、および一部の assert と verify コマンドなどで使用できます。\nテーブルタブで、ロケータパラメータを持ついずれかのコマンドを選択します。 検索ボタンをクリックします。 Firebox ブラウザに表示されている Web ページに注目します。 ロケータパラメータで指定されている要素が、明るい緑の四角で囲んで表示されます。\nデバッグ時のページソースの参照 テストケースをデバッグするときは、しばしばページソース (テスト対象の Web ページの HTML) を参照して問題を解決しなければなりません。 Firefox では、ページソースも簡単に参照できます。 具体的には、目的の Web ページを右クリックし、\u0026ldquo;ページのソースを表示\u0026rdquo; を選択するだけです。 これで、ソースの HTML が別のウィンドウに表示されます。 テスト対象の UI 要素を HTML から見つけるためのキーワードを検索するには、このウィンドウの \u0026ldquo;編集\u0026rdquo; メニューにある \u0026ldquo;検索\u0026rdquo; を使ってください。\nまた、ソースを見たい Web ページの一部を選択し、右クリックして表示されるメニューから \u0026ldquo;選択した部分のソースを表示\u0026rdquo; をクリックする方法もあります。 この場合は、ソースの一部だけが別のウィンドウに表示され、選択した部分が強調表示されます。\nロケータアシスタンス Selenium-IDE は、ロケータ型引数を記録するたびに追加情報を保存し、この追加情報を使って、代わりに使用できるほかのロケータ型引数をユーザーに提示できるようにしています。 この機能は、ロケータについて詳しく学ぶ上で非常に有益なだけでなく、記録された型とは異なる型のロケータを使う場合にしばしば必要となります。\nロケータアシスタンスは、Selenium-IDE ウィンドウ内の \u0026ldquo;対象\u0026rdquo; フィールドの右端にドロップダウンリストとして表示されます (ドロップダウンリストが表示されるのは、\u0026ldquo;対象\u0026rdquo; フィールドに入力されている引数が、記録されたロケータ型引数である場合だけです)。 次に示すのは、あるコマンドのドロップダウンリストの内容です。 ドロップダウンリストの最初の列には、代わりに使用できるロケータが表示され、2 列目にはそれぞれの型が表示されることに注意してください。\nテストスイートの作成 テストスイートとはテストケースの集合のことで、Selenium-IDE ウィンドウの一番左にある \u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインに表示されます。 \u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインを手動で開いたり閉じたりするには、\u0026ldquo;テストケース\u0026rdquo; ペインの右端 (ペインが閉じている場合は Selenium-IDE ウィンドウ全体の左端になります) の半分ほど下にある小さな点を選択します。\n\u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインは、既存のテストスイートが開かれるか、 または ユーザーが \u0026ldquo;ファイル\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;テストケースを新規作成\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると、自動的に開きます。 後者の場合、新しいテストケースは直前のテストケースのすぐ下に表示されます。\n既存のテストケースをテストスイートに読み込む操作は、Selenium-IDE ではまだサポートされていません。既存のテストケースを追加して、テストスイートを作成または修正するには、ユーザーが手動でテストスイートファイルを編集する必要があります。\nテストスイートファイルは、1 列のテーブルを含む HTML ファイルです。 \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; セクション内の各行のセルには、テストケースへのリンクが収められています。 次に示すのは、4 つのテストケースを含むテストスイートの例です。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; 注 : テストケースファイルは、呼び出し元のテストスイートファイルと同じ場所に置く必要はありません。 実際、Mac OS と Linux システムではそのとおりです。 ただし、この項目の執筆時点では、Windows システムで使う場合にはバグがあって、テストケースファイルを呼び出し元のテストスイートファイルと別の場所に置くことはできません。\nユーザー拡張スクリプト ユーザー拡張スクリプトは、ユーザー独自のカスタマイズや機能を作成して Selenium の機能を拡張できる JavaScript ファイルです。 多くの場合、コマンドのカスタマイズという形を取りますが、ユーザー拡張スクリプトによる機能拡張はコマンドの追加だけに限定されません。\n重要 : このセクションは期限切れです。近日中に改訂します。\nユーザーが作成した多くの有益な 拡張スクリプト があります。\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nおそらく Selenium-IDE のすべての拡張スクリプトの中で最も人気があるのは、while ループとプリミティブな条件判定によってフロー制御を可能にする goto_sel_ide.js でしょう。 この拡張スクリプトの使用例については、作者が用意した ページ を参照してください。\nこの拡張スクリプトをインストールするには、Selenium-IDE の \u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューで \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックし、 \u0026ldquo;一般\u0026rdquo; タブの Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドに、ファイルのパス名を入力します。\nOK ボタンをクリックしたら、拡張スクリプトを読み込むために、Selenium-IDE をいったん閉じて開く必要があります。 また、拡張スクリプトに変更を加えた場合も、Selenium-IDE をいったん閉じて開く必要があります。\n独自の拡張スクリプトを作成する方法については、Selenium リファレンス ドキュメントの終わりの方に説明があります。\nステップごとにSelenium IDEとユーザー拡張機能をデバッグすると非常に役立つことがあります。 XUL/Chromeベースの拡張機能をデバッグできると思われる唯一のデバッガーは、バージョン32が含まれるまでFirefoxでサポートされているVenkmanです。 段階的なデバッグは、Firefox 32およびSelenium IDE 2.9.0で動作することが確認されています。\nフォーマット (形式) \u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると表示される \u0026ldquo;フォーマット\u0026rdquo; タブでは、テストケースの保存と表示に使う言語を選択できます。 デフォルトは \u0026ldquo;HTML\u0026rdquo; です。\n作成したテストケースを Selenium-RC を使って実行する場合には、作成されたテストケースをプログラミング言語に変換するためにこの機能が使われます。 テストプログラムの開発用に Selenium-RC で使う言語 (\u0026ldquo;Java\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;PHP\u0026rdquo; など) を選択し、次に \u0026ldquo;ファイル\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;保存\u0026rdquo; を使ってテストケースを保存します。 これで、テストケースは、選択した言語の一連の関数に変換されます。 テストをサポートするプログラムコードは、基本的に、ユーザーに代わって Selenium-IDE によって生成されます。\n生成されたコードが自分のニーズに合わないときは、生成プロセスが定義された設定ファイルを編集することで、生成されるコードを変更できることに注意してください。サポートされている言語ごとに設定があり、これらの設定を編集できます。設定は、\u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると表示される \u0026ldquo;フォーマット\u0026rdquo; タブにあります。\n異なるブラウザでの Selenium-IDE テストの実行 Selenium-IDE 自体は Firefox を対象にしたテストしか実行できませんが、Selenium-IDE で作成したテストは、Selenium-RC サーバーを呼び出すシンプルなコマンドラインインタフェースを使うことで、ほかのブラウザを対象に実行することができます。 詳細については、Selenium-RC に関する章の Selenese テストの実行 を参照してください。 特に関連性が高いのは、 -htmlSuite コマンドラインオプションです。\nトラブルシューティング 以下は、Selenium-IDE で発生することが多いさまざまな問題について、実際の画面を示しながら説明したものです。\nTable view is not available with this format.\nこのメッセージは、Selenium IDEの起動時に\u0026quot;テーブル\u0026quot;タブに表示されることがあります。 回避策は、Selenium IDEを閉じて再度開くことです。 詳細については、 issue 1008 を参照してください。 これを確実に再現できる場合は、修正に取り組むことができるように詳細を提供してください。\n error loading test case: no command found\n「ファイル」メニューの「開く」を使用して、テストスイートファイルを開こうとしました。 代わりに「ファイル」メニューの「テストスイートを開く」を使用してください。\nこのエラーメッセージを改善するために、機能の拡張がリクエストされました。 詳細は、issue 1010を参照してください。\n このタイプの エラー は、タイミングの問題を示している可能性があります。 つまり、コマンドのロケーターによって指定された要素が、コマンドの実行時に完全にロードされていません。 コマンドの前に pause 5000 を入れて、問題が本当にタイミングに関連しているかどうかを判断してください。 その場合、失敗したコマンドの前に適切な waitFor* または *AndWait コマンドを使って調査してください。\n 上記の open コマンドの場合のように変数置換を使用しようとして失敗した場合は、アクセスしようとしている値を持つ変数を実際に作成していないことを示します。 これは、変数を Target フィールドに配置する必要がある場合に Value フィールドに配置するか、その逆の場合があります。 上記の例では、storeコマンドの2つのパラメーターが、必要なものと逆の順序で誤って配置されています。 Seleneseコマンドの場合、最初の必須パラメーターは Target フィールドに入力し、2番目の必須パラメーター（存在する場合）は Value フィールドに入力する必要があります。\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nテストスイートのテストケースの1つが見つかりません。 テストケースが配置されていることを示すテストスイートが実際に配置されていることを確認してください。 また、実際のテストケースファイルのファイル名と参照先のテストスイートファイルの両方に.html拡張子が付いていることを確認してください。\nこのエラーメッセージを改善するために、機能の拡張がリクエストされました。 詳細は、issue 1011を参照してください。\n 拡張ファイルの内容が、Selenium-IDEによって読み取られていません。 Selenium-IDE の “オプション” メニューで “設定” をクリックし、 “一般” タブ の Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドに適切なパス名を指定していることを確認してください。 また、 Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドの内容を変更した後は、Selenium-IDEを再起動する必要があります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/","title":"待機","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverは一般にブロッキングAPIを持っていると言えます。 ブラウザーに処理を 指示する Out-of-Processライブラリであり、Webプラットフォームは本質的に非同期の性質を持っているため、WebDriverはDOMのアクティブでリアルタイムな状態を追跡しません。 このことは、ここで説明するいくつかの課題が出てきます。\n経験から、SeleniumとWebDriverの使用から生じる断続的なもののほとんどは、ブラウザーとユーザーの指示の間で発生する 競合状態 に関連しています。 たとえば、ユーザーがブラウザーにページに移動するように指示し、要素を見つけようとすると、no such element エラーが表示される場合があります。\n次のドキュメントを考えてみましょう。\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; WebDriverの指示は十分問題なく見えるかもしれません。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     ここでは、WebDriverで使用されるデフォルトの ページロード戦略 がdocument.readyStateをリッスンして、ナビゲーションの呼び出しから戻る前に\u0026quot;complete\u0026quot;に変更することが問題です。ドキュメントの読み込みが完了した後にp要素が追加されるため、このWebDriverスクリプトは断続的になる 可能性があります。 これらのイベントを明示的に待機（またはブロック）せずに非同期でトリガーする要素またはイベントについては保証できないため、断続的である可能性があります。\n幸いなことに、 WebElement.click や WebElement.sendKeys などのWebElementインターフェイスで使用可能な通常の命令セットを使用すると、コマンドの呼び出しがブラウザーで完了するまで関数呼び出しが返されない（または、コールバックはコールバックスタイルの言語ではトリガーされない）ため、同期が保証されます。高度なユーザーインタラクションAPIであるキーボードとマウスは、 \u0026ldquo;言うことをする\u0026rdquo; 非同期コマンドとして明示的に意図されているため、例外です。\n待機とは、自動化されたタスクの実行を一定時間経過させてから次のステップに進むことです。\nブラウザーとWebDriverスクリプト間の競合状態の問題を克服するために、ほとんどのSeleniumクライアントには待機パッケージが付属しています。待機を使用する場合、一般に明示的な待機と呼ばれるものを使用しています。\n明示的な待機 Seleniumクライアントは、命令型の手続き型言語の 明示的な待機 を利用できます。 これにより、 条件 が解決するまで、コードでプログラムの実行を停止したり、スレッドをフリーズしたりできます。 条件は、明示的な待機のタイムアウトが経過するまで特定の頻度で呼び出されます。 つまり、条件がfalseの値を返す限り、試行、待機し続けます。\n明示的な待機により条件が発生するのを待機できるため、ブラウザーとそのDOM、およびWebDriverスクリプトの間で状態を同期するのに適しています。\n以前のバグのある命令セットを修正するには、スクリプトから動的に追加された要素がDOMに追加されるまで、 findElement 呼び出しを待機させるために待機を採用できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     戻り値がtrueになるまで 待機 が繰り返し実行される関数リファレンスとして 条件 を渡します。 \u0026ldquo;真の\u0026quot;戻り値とは、文字列、数値、ブール値、オブジェクト（ WebElement を含む）、または入力された（空でない）シーケンスまたはリストなど、手元の言語でブール値trueと評価されるものです。 つまり、 空のリスト はfalseと評価されます。 条件がtrueで、ブロッキング待機が中止されると、条件からの戻り値が待機の戻り値になります。\nこのナレッジと、ウェイトユーティリティはデフォルトで no such element エラーを無視するため、より簡潔になるように命令をリファクタリングできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     この例では、匿名関数を渡します（ただし、以前に行ったように明示的に定義して再利用できるようにすることもできます）。 条件に渡される最初で唯一の引数は、常にドライバーオブジェクト　WebDriver　への参照です。 マルチスレッド環境では、外部スコープ内のドライバーへのリファレンスではなく、条件に渡されたドライバーのリファレンスを操作するように注意する必要があります。\n待機は、要素が見つからないときに発生する no such element エラーを飲み込むため、要素が見つかるまで条件は再試行されます。 次に、戻り値である WebElement を取得して、スクリプトに渡します。\n条件が失敗した場合、例えば条件からの真の戻り値に到達しない場合、待機は timeout error と呼ばれるエラー/例外をスロー/発生させます。\nオプション 待機条件は、ニーズに合わせてカスタマイズできます。 成功した条件にヒットしないことに対するペナルティは高額になる可能性があるため、デフォルトのタイムアウトの全範囲を待つ必要がない場合があります。\nWebDriverWaitに引数を渡してタイムアウトをオーバーライドできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     期待される条件 DOMと指示を同期しなければならないことは非常に一般的であるため、ほとんどのクライアントには事前に定義された一連の _期待される条件_もあります。 名前から明らかなように、これらは頻繁な待機操作に対して事前定義されている条件です。\n異なる言語バインディングで利用可能な条件は異なりますが、これは少数の抜粋したリストです。\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  各クライアントバインディングのAPIドキュメントを参照して、予想される条件の完全なリストを見つけることができます。\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  暗黙的な待機 暗黙的な待機 と呼ばれる明示的な待機とは異なる2番目の種類の待機があります。 暗黙的に待機することにより、WebDriverは 何か 要素を見つけようとするときに特定の期間DOMをポーリングします。 これは、Webページ上の特定の要素がすぐに利用できず、ロードに時間がかかる場合に役立ちます。\n要素の表示を暗黙的に待機することはデフォルトで無効になっており、セッションごとに手動で有効にする必要があります。 明示的な待機と暗黙的な待機を混在させると、意図しない結果、すなわち、要素が利用可能または条件が真であっても、最大時間スリープする待機が発生します。\n警告 : 暗黙的な待機と明示的な待機を混在させないでください。 これを行うと、予測できない待機時間が発生する可能性があります。 たとえば、10秒の暗黙的な待機と15秒の明示的な待機を設定すると、20秒後にタイムアウトが発生する可能性があります。\n暗黙的な待機は、1つまたは複数の要素がすぐに利用できない場合にそれらを見つけようとするときにWebDriverにDOMを一定時間ポーリングするように指示することです。 デフォルト設定は0で、無効を意味します。 設定すると、セッションの存続期間中、暗黙的な待機が設定されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWaitインスタンスは、条件を待機する最大時間を定義します。 状態を確認する頻度も同様です。\nユーザーは、ページ上の要素を検索するときのNoSuchElementExceptionなど、待機中に特定の種類の例外を無視するように待機を構成できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"高度な機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"高度な機能のすべての詳細を取得し、それがどのように機能するか、および独自の設定方法を理解するには、次のセクションを参照してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriverは、ユーザーがローカルまたはSeleniumサーバーを使用するリモートマシンで行うように、ブラウザをネイティブに動かし、ブラウザの自動化に関して大きく前進します。\nSelenium WebDriverは言語バインディングと個々のブラウザ制御コードの実装の両方を参照します。\nこれは通常、単に WebDriver と呼ばれます。\nSelenium WebDriverは、W3C勧告です。\n  WebDriverはシンプルでより簡潔なプログラミングインターフェイスとして設計されています。\n  WebDriverはコンパクトなオブジェクト指向APIです。\n  ブラウザーを効果的に動かします。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"グリッドエンドポイント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Japanese. Do you speak Japanese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"サポートクラス","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverサポートクラスは、コードのメンテナンスを簡素化するために提供されています。 ドメインオブジェクトとしてのHTML要素のモデリングを容易にする優れた抽象化を提供し、そのようなオブジェクトの使用を推論しやすくするヘルパーメソッドも提供します。 ここでは下記について学びます。\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  さぁ、始めましょう。\nThreadGuard  このクラスは、Javaバインディングでのみ使用可能です。\n ThreadGuardは、ドライバーが、それを作成した同じスレッドからのみ呼び出されることを確認します。 特に並行してテストを実行する場合のスレッドの問題は、不可解でエラーの診断が難しい場合があります。 このラッパーを使用すると、このカテゴリのエラーが防止され、発生時に例外が発生します。\n次の例は、スレッドの衝突をシミュレートします。\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } 結果は以下のとおりです。\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour 下記例を参照してください。\n protectedDriver はメインスレッドで作成されます Java Runnableを使用して新しいプロセスを起動し、新しいスレッドを使用してプロセスを実行します メインスレッドのメモリにprotectedDriverがないため、両方のスレッドが衝突します。 ThreadGuard.protectは例外をスローします。  注意: これは、並列実行時にドライバーを管理するために ThreadLocalを使用する必要性を置き換えるものではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"テストの依存関係","tags":[],"description":"","content":"自動テストに関する一般的な考え方と誤解は、特定のテスト順序に関するものです。 テストは 任意 の順序で実行でき、成功するために完了するために他のテストに依存してはなりません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"リモートWebDriverサーバー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"サーバーは、テストするブラウザーがインストールされたマシンで常に実行されます。 サーバーは、コマンドラインから、またはコード設定を通じて使用できます。\nコマンドラインからサーバーを起動する 一旦、selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jarをダウンロードしたら、テストしたいブラウザーのあるコンピューターに配置します。 次に、jarを含むディレクトリから、次のコマンドを実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar サーバーを実行するにあたって考慮すること 呼び出し元は、Selenium#stop()またはWebDriver#quitを呼び出して、各セッションを適切に終了すべきです。\nselenium-serverは、進行中の各セッションのメモリ内ログを保持します。 これらのログは、Selenium#stop()またはWebDriver#quitが呼び出されるとクリアされます。 これらのセッションの終了を忘れると、サーバーでメモリリークが発生する可能性があります。 非常に長時間実行されるセッションを維持する場合は、時々停止または終了する必要があります（または-Xmx jvmオプションでメモリを増やします）。\nタイムアウト (version 2.21以降) サーバーには2つの異なるタイムアウトがあり、次のように設定できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  ブラウザーのハングを許可する時間を制御します（値は秒単位）。   timeout  セッションが回収されるまでにクライアントがいなくなる時間を制御します（値は秒単位）。    システムプロパティselenium.server.session.timeoutは、2.21からサポートされなくなりました。\nbrowserTimeoutは、通常のタイムアウトメカニズムが失敗した場合の予備のタイムアウトメカニズムであることに注意してください。これは主にグリッド/サーバー環境で使用され、クラッシュ/失われたプロセスが長く滞留、ランタイム環境を汚染しないようにします。\nプログラムでサーバーを構成する 理論的には、プロセスはDriverServletをURLにマッピングするのと同じくらい簡単ですが、ページを全体的にコードで構成されたJettyなどの軽量コンテナでホストすることもできます。これを行う手順は次のとおりです。\nselenium-server.zipをダウンロードして解凍します。 JARをCLASSPATHに配置します。 AppServerという新しいクラスを作成します。 ここでは、Jettyを使用しているので、それもダウンロードする必要があります。\nimport org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"改善されたレポート","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは、実行されたテストケースのステータスをレポートするようには設計されていません。 単体テストフレームワークの組み込みのレポート機能を利用することは、良いスタートです。 ほとんどの単体テストフレームワークには、xUnitまたはHTML形式のレポートを生成できるレポートがあります。 xUnitレポートは、Jenkins、Travis、Bambooなどの継続的インテグレーション（CI）サーバーに結果をインポートするのに人気があります。 いくつかの言語のレポート出力に関する詳細情報へのリンクがあります。\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverは、JavaScriptが提供する3種類のネイティブポップアップメッセージを操作するためのAPIを提供します。 これらのポップアップはブラウザーによってスタイルが設定され、カスタマイズが制限されています。\nアラート これらの最も単純なものはアラートと呼ばれ、カスタムメッセージと、ほとんどのブラウザーでOKのラベルが付いたアラートを非表示にする単一のボタンを表示します。 ほとんどのブラウザーでは閉じるボタンを押すことで閉じることもできますが、これは常にOKボタンと同じことを行います。 アラートの例を参照してください。\nWebDriverはポップアップからテキストを取得し、これらのアラートを受け入れるか、または閉じることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     確認 確認ダイアログボックスはアラートに似ていますが、ユーザーがメッセージをキャンセルすることも選択できる点が異なります。 サンプルを確認してください。\nこの例は、アラートを保存する別の方法も示しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     プロンプト プロンプトは確認ボックスに似ていますが、テキスト入力も含まれている点が異なります。 フォーム要素の操作と同様に、WebDriverの送信キーを使用して応答を入力できます。 これにより、プレースホルダーテキストが完全に置き換えられます。 キャンセルボタンを押してもテキストは送信されません。 サンプルプロンプトを参照してください。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"クッキーの使用","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cookieは、Webサイトから送信され、コンピューターに保存される小さなデータです。 Cookieは、主にユーザーを認識し、保存されている情報を読み込むために使用されます。\nWebDriver APIは、組み込みメソッドでCookieと対話するメソッドを提供します。\nクッキーの追加 現在のブラウジングコンテキストにCookieを追加するために使用されます。 Cookieの追加では、一連の定義済みのシリアル化可能なJSONオブジェクトのみを受け入れます。 受け入れられたJSONキー値のリストへのリンクはこちらにあります。\nまず、Cookieが有効になるドメインにいる必要があります。 サイトとの対話を開始する前にCookieを事前設定しようとしていて、ホームページが大きい場合/代替の読み込みに時間がかかる場合は、サイトで小さいページを見つけることです。（通常、たとえば http://example.com/some404page のような、404ページは小さいです。）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     命名されたクッキーの取得 関連付けられているすべてのCookieの中で、Cookie名と一致するシリアル化されたCookieデータを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     全てのクッキーの取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキストの \u0026lsquo;成功したシリアル化されたCookieデータ\u0026rsquo; を返します。 ブラウザが使用できなくなった場合、エラーが返されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     クッキーの削除 指定されたCookie名と一致するCookieデータを削除します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     全てのクッキーの削除 現在のブラウジングコンテキストの全てのCookieを削除します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     SameSite Cookie属性 これにより、ユーザーは、サードパーティのサイトによって開始されたリクエストとともに Cookieを送信するかどうかをブラウザに指示できます。 CSRF（クロスサイトリクエストフォージェリ）攻撃を防ぐために導入されました。\nSameSite Cookie属性は、2つのパラメーターを命令として受け入れます。\nStrict: SameSite属性が Strict に設定されている場合、CookieはサードパーティのWebサイトによって 開始されたリクエストとともに送信されません。\nLax: CookieのSameSite属性を Lax に設定すると、CookieはサードパーティのWebサイトによって 開始されたGETリクエストとともに送信されます。\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"パフォーマンステスト","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常、SeleniumとWebDriverを使用したパフォーマンステストはお勧めしません。 それができないからではなく、ジョブに最適化されておらず、良い結果が得られないからです。\nユーザーのコンテキストでパフォーマンステストを行うのが理想的なように思えるかもしれませんが、WebDriverテストスイートは、外部および内部の脆弱性の多くのポイントにさらされます。 たとえば、ブラウザの起動速度、HTTPサーバーの速度、JavaScriptまたはCSSをホストするサードパーティサーバーの応答、およびWebDriver実装自体の計測ペナルティ。 これらのポイントが変わることで、結果が変わります。 Webサイトのパフォーマンスと外部リソースのパフォーマンスの違いを区別することは困難です。また、ブラウザでWebDriverを使用すること、特にスクリプトを挿入する場合のパフォーマンスの低下を把握することも困難です。\n他の潜在的な魅力は \u0026ldquo;時間の節約\u0026rdquo; です。 機能テストとパフォーマンステストを同時に実行します。 ただし、機能テストとパフォーマンステストには反対の目的があります。 機能をテストするために、テスターは忍耐強くロードを待つ必要があるかもしれませんが、これはパフォーマンステスト結果を曖昧にし、その逆もまた同様です。\nWebサイトのパフォーマンスを改善するには、改善すべき点を知るために、環境の違いに関係なく全体的なパフォーマンスを分析し、貧弱なコードプラクティス、個々のリソース（例えば、CSSまたはJavaScript）のパフォーマンスの内訳を特定できる必要があります。 このジョブを実行できるパフォーマンステストツールが既にあり、それらは改善を提案できるレポートと分析を提供します。\n使用する（オープンソース）パッケージの例は次のとおりです。: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/","title":"リモートWebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"リモートWebDriver WebDriverは、ローカルで使用するのと同じ方法でリモートで使用できます。 主な違いは、リモートWebDriverを設定して、別のマシンでテストを実行できるようにする必要があることです。\nリモートWebDriverは、クライアントとサーバーの2つの部分で構成されています。 クライアントはWebDriverテストであり、サーバーは単純なJavaサーブレットで最新のJEEアプリサーバーでホストすることができます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"状態を共有しない","tags":[],"description":"","content":"いくつかの場所で言及されていますが、再度言及する価値があります。 テストが互いに分離されていることを確認してください。\n  テストデータを共有しないでください。 アクションを実行する1つを選択する前に、それぞれが有効な注文をデータベースに照会するいくつかのテストを想像してください。 2つのテストで同じ順序を選択すると、予期しない動作が発生する可能性があります。\n  別のテストで取得される可能性のあるアプリケーション内の古いデータを削除します。 例: 無効な注文レコード\n  テストごとに新しいWebDriverインスタンスを作成します。 これにより、テストの分離が保証され、並列化がより簡単になります。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Httpプロキシ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"プロキシサーバーは、クライアントとサーバー間の要求の仲介役として機能します。 簡単に言えば、トラフィックはプロキシサーバーを経由して、要求したアドレスに戻り、戻ってきます。\nSeleniumを使用した自動化スクリプト用のプロキシサーバーは、\n ネットワークトラフィックをキャプチャする ウェブサイトによって行われた模擬バックエンドを呼び出す 複雑なネットワークトポロジーまたは厳格な企業の制限/ポリシーの下で、必要なWebサイトにアクセスします。  企業環境でブラウザがURLへの接続に失敗した場合、環境にアクセスするにはプロキシが必要であることが原因であることが最も可能性が高いです。\nSelenium WebDriverは設定をプロキシする方法を提供します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"ガイドラインとレコメンデーション","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ガイドラインとレコメンデーション 「ベストプラクティス」に関するメモ：このドキュメントでは、\u0026ldquo;ベストプラクティス\u0026quot;というフレーズを意図的に避けています。 すべての状況に有効なアプローチはありません。 \u0026ldquo;ガイドラインとレコメンデーション\u0026quot;というアイデアを好みます。 これらを一通り読み、特定の環境でどのアプローチが効果的かを慎重に決定することをお勧めします。\n機能テストは、多くの理由で適切に行うのが困難です。 まるでアプリケーションの状態、複雑さ、および依存関係が、テストを十分に難しくしないと思えるほど、ブラウザ（特にクロスブラウザの非互換性）を扱うのは、良いテストの作成を難しくします。\nSeleniumは、機能的なユーザーインタラクションを簡単にするツールを提供しますが、適切に設計されたテストスイートの作成には役立ちません。 この章では、機能的なWebページの自動化に取り組む方法に関するアドバイス、ガイドライン、および推奨事項を提供します。\nこの章では、長年にわたって成功を収めてきたSeleniumの多くのユーザーの間で人気のあるソフトウェア設計パターンを記録します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"テストの独立性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"各テストを独自のユニットとして記述します。 他のテストに依存しない方法でテストを記述してください。\n公開後にモジュールとしてWebサイトに表示されるカスタムコンテンツを作成できるコンテンツ管理システム（CMS）があり、CMSとアプリケーション間の同期に時間がかかる場合があるとします。\nモジュールをテストする間違った方法は、1つのテストでコンテンツが作成および公開され、別のテストでモジュールをチェックすることです。 コンテンツは公開後、他のテストですぐに利用できない可能性があるため、この方法はふさわしくありません。\n代わりに、影響を受けるテスト内でオン/オフできるスタブコンテンツを作成し、それをモジュールの検証に使用できます。 ただし、コンテンツの作成については、別のテストを行うことができます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"リンクスパイダー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverを使用してリンクをスパイダーすることは、実行できないためではなく、最も理想的なツールではないため明らかに推奨される方法ではありません。 WebDriverの起動には時間が必要であり、テストの記述方法によっては、ページに到達してDOMを通過するために数秒から1分かかる場合があります。\nこのためにWebDriverを使用する代わりに、curl コマンドを実行するか、BeautifulSoupなどのライブラリを使用することにより、これらの方法はブラウザーの作成やページへの移動に依存しないため、時間を大幅に節約できます。 このタスクにWebDriverを使用しないことで、時間を大幅に節約できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Fluent APIの使用を検討する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"マーチン・ファウラーは\u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;という用語を作り出しました。 Seleniumは既に、FluentWaitクラスでこのようなものを実装しています。 これは、標準のWaitクラスの代替としてのものです。 ページオブジェクトでFluent APIデザインパターンを有効にしてから、次のようなコードスニペットを使用してGoogle検索ページを照会できます。\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); この流暢な動作を持つGoogleページオブジェクトクラスは次のようになります。\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"ページ読み込み戦略","tags":[],"description":"","content":"現在のセッションのページ読み込み戦略を定義します。 デフォルトでは、Selenium WebDriverがページを読み込む場合、 pageLoadStrategy は normal となります。 ページの読み込みに時間がかかる場合は、追加のリソース（画像、CSS、JSなど）のダウンロードを停止することを常にお勧めします。\nドキュメントの document.readyState プロパティは、現在のドキュメントの読み込み状態を記述します。 デフォルトでは、WebDriverは、ドキュメントの準備完了状態が complete になるまで、 driver.get()（または）driver.navigate().to() の呼び出しへの応答を保留します。\nSPAアプリケーション（Angular、React、Emberなど）では、動的コンテンツが既にロードされている（つまり、一度 pageLoadStrategy のステータスがCOMPLETEになっている）場合、リンクをクリックするか、ページ内で何らかのアクションを実行しても、コンテンツは、プルページの更新なしでクライアント側で動的に読み込まれるので、サーバーに新しいリクエストは行われません。\nSPAアプリケーションはサーバーのリクエストなしで多くのビューを動的にロードできるため、新たに driver.get() および driver.navigate().to() を実行するまで、pageLoadStrategyは常に COMPLETE ステータスを表示します。\nWebDriverの pageLoadStrategy は以下の値をサポートします。\nnormal この値は、Selenium WebDriverはページ全体がロードされるまで待機します。 normal に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは、ロードイベントの発生が返却されるまで待機します。\n何も指定されていない場合、デフォルトでは、 normal がブラウザに設定されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager この値は、Selenium WebDriverは最初のHTMLドキュメントが完全に読み込まれて解析されるまで待機し、スタイルシート、画像、およびサブフレームの読み込みを破棄します。\neager に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは DOMContentLoaded イベントの発生が返却されるまで待機します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none none に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは最初のページがダウンロードされるまで待機します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/","title":"最悪の慣行","tags":[],"description":"","content":"最悪の慣行 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid では、クライアントからリモートブラウザーインスタンスに送信されたコマンドを ルーティングすることにより、（仮想または実）リモートマシン上でWebDriverスクリプトを実行できます。 複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行する簡単な方法を提供することを目的としています。\nSelenium Gridは、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、異なるブラウザーバージョンと ブラウザーの設定を（個別のテストではなく）一元的に管理することができます。\nSelenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。\nGrid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。 Grid 4 の使用を推奨します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web要素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Web要素はDOM要素を表します。 Web要素は、WebDriverインスタンスを使用してドキュメントルートから検索するか、別のWeb要素の下で検索することで見つけることができます。\nWebDriver APIは、ID、名前、クラス、XPath、CSSセレクター、リンクテキストなどのさまざまなプロパティに基づいたWeb要素を見つけるための組み込みメソッドを提供します。\n要素の検索 要素を検索するために使用され、最初の一致する単一のWeb要素の参照を返します。 これは、将来の要素アクションに使用できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     複数の要素の検索 \u0026lsquo;要素の検索'に似ていますが、一致するWeb要素のリストを返します。 リストから特定のWeb要素を使用するには、要素のリストをループして、選択した要素に対してアクションを実行する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素から要素の検索 親要素のコンテキスト内で子要素を見つけるために使用します。 これを実現するには、親Web要素を\u0026rsquo;findElement'と連鎖して、子要素にアクセスします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     要素から複数の要素の検索 親要素のコンテキスト内で一致する子Web要素のリストを見つけるために使用します。 これを実現するために、親Web要素は’findElements'と連鎖して子要素にアクセスします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     アクティブな要素の取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキストにフォーカスがあるDOM要素を追跡（または）検索するために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素が有効か このメソッドは、接続された要素がWebページで有効または無効になっているかどうかを確認するために使います。 ブール値を返し、現在のブラウジングコンテキストで接続されている要素が 有効（enabled） になっている場合は True 、そうでない場合は false を返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     要素が選択されているかどうか このメソッドは、参照された要素が選択されているかどうかを判断します。 このメソッドは、チェックボックス、ラジオボタン、入力要素、およびオプション要素で広く使われています。\nブール値を返し、現在のブラウジングコンテキストで参照された要素が 選択されている 場合は True 、そうでない場合は false を返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     要素のタグ名を取得 これは、現在のブラウジングコンテキストにフォーカスがある参照された要素の TagName を取得するために使います。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     要素矩形を取得 参照される要素の寸法と座標を取得するために使います。\n取得データのbodyには、次の詳細が含まれます。\n 要素の左上隅からのx軸の位置 要素の左上隅からのy軸の位置 要素の高さ 要素の幅  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     要素のCSSの値を取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキスト内の要素の指定された計算したスタイル属性の値を取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     要素テキストを取得 指定された要素のレンダリングされたテキストを取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"クリーンな既知の状態から各テストを開始します。 理想的には、テストごとに新しい仮想マシンを起動します。 新しい仮想マシンの起動が実用的でない場合は、少なくともテストごとに新しいWebDriverを起動してください。 Firefoxの場合、既知のプロファイルでWebDriverを起動します。\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome デベロッパーツール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4 alphaバージョンには、\u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; インターフェースを介した Chrome Dev Protocolのネイティブサポートが待望されています。 これにより、アプリケーションキャッシュ、フェッチ、ネットワーク、パフォーマンス、 プロファイラー、リソースタイミング、セキュリティ、 ターゲットCDPドメインなどのChrome開発プロパティを取得できます。\nChrome デベロッパーツールは、Google Chromeブラウザに直接組み込まれた一連のWeb開発ツールです。 DevToolsは、ページをすぐに編集して問題をすばやく診断するのに役立ち、 最終的にはより優れたWebサイトをより速く構築するのに役立ちます。\nジオロケーションをエミュレート 一部のアプリケーションには、場所によって特徴や機能性が異なります。 このようなアプリケーションの自動化は、ブラウザでSeleniumを使用して 地理的位置をエミュレートすることが難しいため、困難です。 しかし、デベロッパーツールの助けを借りて、それらを簡単にエミュレートできます。 以下のコードスニペットはそのことを示しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"キーボード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"キーボードはキーボードイベントを表します。 キーボードアクションは、仮想化されたデバイス入力をWebブラウザーに提供できる低レベルインターフェイスを使用して実行されます。\nsendKeys sendKeysは、修飾キーシーケンスが検出された場合でも、DOM要素にキーシーケンスを入力します。 WebDriverがサポートする可能なキーストロークのリストは、こちらにあります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown keyDownは、修飾キー（CONTROL、SHIFT、ALT）を押す動作をシミュレートするために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp keyUpは、修飾キー（CONTROL、SHIFT、ALT）のキーアップ（または）キーリリース操作をシミュレートするために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear 編集可能な要素のコンテンツをクリアします。 これは、編集可能かつ対話可能な要素にのみ適用されます。 そうでない場合、seleniumはエラーを返します（無効な要素状態（または）要素は対話不可能）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"ドライバーの特異性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ドライバーの特異性 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/","title":"サポートパッケージ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"サポートパッケージ "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/","title":"レガシー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"レガシー このセクションでは、Seleniumのレガシーコンポーネントに関連するすべてのドキュメントを見つけることができます。 これは、非推奨コンポーネントを使用する動機としてではなく、純粋に歴史的な理由で保持されることを意図しています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/","title":"奥付け","tags":[],"description":"","content":"奥付け "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/contributing/","title":"Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントに貢献する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは大きなソフトウェアプロジェクトであり、そのサイトとドキュメントは、物事の仕組みを理解し、その可能性を活用する効果的な方法を学ぶための鍵となります。\nこのプロジェクトには、Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントの両方が含まれています。これは、Seleniumを効果的に使用する方法、Seleniumに参加する方法、およびSeleniumに貢献する方法に関する最新情報を提供するための継続的な取り組みです（特定のリリースを対象としていません）。\nサイトおよびドキュメントへの貢献は、以下のセクションで説明されているプロセスに従います。 このドキュメントについてをよく読み、本ドキュメントに慣れてください。\n Seleniumプロジェクトは、皆様からのコントリビューションを歓迎します。 お手伝いをいただくには、いくつかの方法があります:\nイシュー報告 新しい問題を報告したり、既存の問題についてコメントしたりするときは、議論がSeleniumソフトウェア、そのサイトおよび/またはドキュメントに関する具体的な技術問題に関連していることを確認してください。\nSeleniumのすべてのコンポーネントは、時間の経過とともに非常に速く変化するため、ドキュメントが古くなる可能性があります。 このようなケースを見つけた場合には、遠慮なくイシューを作成してください。 また、ドキュメントを最新の状態に更新する方法をご存知でしたら、関連する変更を含むプルリクエストを送ってしてください。\n見つかったものが問題であるかどうかわからない場合、https://selenium.dev/supportに記載されているコミュニケーション手段にて質問してください。\n貢献 Seleniumプロジェクトは新しいコントリビュータを歓迎します。目立った価値ある貢献を継続的に行った個人は コミッター として認められ、プロジェクトへのコミットアクセス件が与えられます。\n本ガイドでは、貢献のプロセスについて説明します。\nステップ 1: フォーク Github上のプロジェクトをフォークし、コピーをローカルにチェックアウトしてください。\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 依存関係: Hugo 本プロジェクトでは、サイトとドキュメントのビルド及びレンダリングにHugoを使用しています。 何らかの変更をコミットする前にローカルで検証を行うには、Hugoをインストールし、慣れたうえで、ローカルサーバーを起動してローカルでサイトをレンダリングしてください。（詳細な方法は次の手順で説明します。）\nステップ 2: ブランチの作成 フィーチャーブランチを作成し、ハックを開始します。:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 我々はHEADベースの開発を行っています。つまり、全ての変更はtrunkブランチ上に直接適用されます。\nステップ 3: 変更を加える リポジトリには、サイトとドキュメントの２つの異なるHugoプロジェクトが含まれます。 サイトを変更したい場合は、site_source_files ディレクトリで作業します。 変更のライブプレビューを確認したい場合は、サイトのルートディレクトリでhugo serverを実行します。\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server ドキュメントを変更したい場合は、docs_source_files ディレクトリに移動します。\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server ドキュメントは複数の言語に翻訳されており、翻訳は英語版に基づいて行われます。 ファイルに変更を加えたときは、他の翻訳済みファイル全てに必ず同様の変更を加えてください。 ただし、変更内容によって異なります。以下に例を示します:\n browser_manipulation.en.mdファイルにコード例を加えた場合、browser_manipulation.es.md、 browser_manipulation.ef.md及びすべての翻訳ファイルに追加してください。 browser_manipulation.ja.md 翻訳の改善を行う場合は、各言語のファイルのみを変更してください。 新しい言語向けの翻訳を追加したい場合、適切な接尾辞を付けてファイルを追加してください。プルリクエストを送信するために全てを翻訳する必要はありません、イテレーティブに行うことができます。config.tomlファイルで必要な設定値の確認を忘れないでください。 英語版の文章に変更を加えたい場合は、翻訳されたファイルの同じ箇所をあなたの変更で（英語で）書き換えたうえで、以下の注意書きをファイルの先頭に追加してください。  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} ステップ 4: コミット まず、gitがあなたの名前とメールアドレスを知っていることを確認してください:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; **適切なコミットメッセージを書くことは重要です。**コミットメッセージには、変更された内容、理由、修正されたイシューへの参照（ある場合）を記述する必要があります。作成するときは、次のガイドラインに従ってください。:\n 最初の行は約50文字以下で、変更の簡単な説明を含める必要があります。 2行目は空白のままにします。 他のすべての行を72列で折り返します。 Fixes #Nを含めてください。ここでは N がこのコミットで修正したイシュー番号です（存在する場合）。  適切なコミットメッセージは次のようになります:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 最初の行はgit shortlogやgit log --onelineを実行した際に他人が最初に目にするため、意味のあるものでなければなりません。\nステップ 5: リベース あなたの作業を同期するため、(git mergeではなく)git rebaseを時々実行してください。\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk ステップ 6: テスト あなたの変更が何も問題を起こしていないことを確認するため、常に忘れずにローカルサーバーの実行を行ってください。\nステップ 7: プッシュ % git push origin my-feature-branch https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git を開き、_Pull Request_を押し、フォームを入力してください。 CLAに署名したことを示してください (ステップ7を参照)\nプルリクエストは通常数日以内にレビューされます。対応すべきコメントがある場合は、新しく(できれば fixupsで)コミットし、同じブランチにプッシュしてください。\nステップ 8: 統合 コードレビューが完了すると、コミッターがPRを取得し、リポジトリのtrunkブランチに統合します。 マスターブランチで履歴を線形に保持するのが好きなので、通常はブランチの履歴をスカッシュしてリベースします。\nコミュニケーション プロジェクトのコントリビューターおよびコミュニティ全体と交流する方法については、全て https://selenium.dev/support で詳細が記載されています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/","title":"Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群プロジェクトです。\nユーザーとブラウザーのやり取りのエミュレーション、ブラウザーの割当を増強したり縮減する分散型サーバー、そしてすべてのメジャーなブラウザー用に置換可能なコードの実装を可能にするW3C WebDriver 仕様インフラの提供します。\nこのプロジェクトは多くの有志貢献者の何千時間に及ぶ個々の時間を費やした事とソースコード自由に利用可能を誰にでも利用、楽しめ、そして改良できることによって実現しました。\nSeleniumはウェブプラットフォームの自動化のより開かれた議論をするためブラウザーベンダー、エンジニア、愛好家をまとめます。このプロジェクトはコミュニティーを導きと育成のために年次カンファレンス開催します。\nSeleniumの中核はWebDriverであり、様々なブラウザーを変えてインストラクション集を実行できるインターフェースです。これは作りえる一番基本的な インストラクションの一つです:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.text ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.RETURN); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)),10000); console.log(await firstResult.getText()); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     上記のコードを実行した時、舞台裏で何が起きているかの詳しい説明にはクイックツアーを参照してください。 どのようにインストールするのか、そしてSeleniumをテスト自動化ツールとして上手く利用し、上記の様な基本的なテストを大きいスケールの分散型環境で複数のブラウザー、様々オペレーティングシステムで実行するため拡張方法を理解するため順序順ドキュメンテーションに進んでください。\n入門 もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。\n クイックツアー  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）は、 Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart （コンピューターと人間を区別するための完全に自動化された公開チューリングテスト）の略で、自動化を防ぐように明示的に設計されているため、試さないでください！ CAPTCHAチェックを回避するための2つの主要な戦略があります。\n テスト環境でCAPTCHAを無効にします テストがCAPTCHAをバイパスできるようにするフックを追加します  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Selenium RCは長い間メインのSeleniumプロジェクトでしたが、WebDriver/Seleniumを併合したより強力なツールであるSelenium 2が登場しました。 Selenium 1はもうサポートされていないことを強調する価値があります。\nSelenium RCの仕組み はじめに、Selenium RCのコンポーネントがどのように動作するか、およびテストスクリプトの実行でそれぞれが果たす役割について説明します。\nRCコンポーネント SeleniumRCコンポーネントは、以下のとおりです。\n ブラウザを起動および終了し、テストプログラムから渡されたSeleneseコマンドを解釈および実行し、ブラウザとAUTの間で渡されるHTTPメッセージをインターセプトおよび検証するSeleniumサーバー 各プログラミング言語とSelenium RC Server間のインターフェイスを提供するクライアントライブラリ  これは簡略化されたアーキテクチャ図です。\nこの図は、クライアントライブラリが実行される各Seleniumコマンドを渡すサーバーと通信することを示しています。 次に、サーバーはSelenium-Core JavaScriptコマンドを使用してSeleniumコマンドをブラウザーに渡します。 ブラウザは、JavaScriptインタープリターを使用して、Seleniumコマンドを実行します。 これにより、テストスクリプトで指定したSeleneseアクションまたは検証が実行されます。\nSeleniumサーバー Seleniumサーバーは、テストプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを受信して解釈し、それらのテストの実行結果をプログラムに報告します。\nRCサーバーはSelenium Coreをバンドルし、ブラウザーに自動的に挿入します。 これは、テストプログラムがブラウザを開いたときに発生します（クライアントライブラリのAPI関数を使用）。 Selenium-CoreはJavaScriptプログラムです。 実際には、ブラウザの組み込みJavaScriptインタープリターを使用してSeleneseコマンドを解釈および実行するJavaScript関数のセットです。\nサーバーは、単純なHTTP GET/POSTリクエストを使用して、テストプログラムからSeleneseコマンドを受け取ります。 これは、HTTPリクエストを送信できるプログラミング言語を使用して、ブラウザーでのSeleniumテストを自動化できることを意味します。\nクライアントライブラリ クライアントライブラリは、独自の設計のプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを実行できるプログラミングサポートを提供します。 サポートされる言語ごとに異なるクライアントライブラリがあります。 Seleniumクライアントライブラリは、プログラミングインターフェイス（API）、つまり、独自のプログラムからSeleniumコマンドを実行する一連の関数を提供します。 各インターフェイス内には、各Seleneseコマンドをサポートするプログラミング関数があります。\nクライアントライブラリは、Seleneseコマンドを受け取り、それをSeleniumサーバーに渡して、特定のアクションまたはテスト対象アプリケーション（AUT）に対するテストを処理します。 クライアントライブラリは、そのコマンドの結果も受け取り、プログラムに返します。 プログラムは結果を受け取ってプログラム変数に保存し、成功または失敗として報告するか、予期しないエラーの場合は修正アクションを実行できます。\nしたがって、テストプログラムを作成するには、クライアントライブラリAPIを使用して一連のSeleniumコマンドを実行するプログラムを作成するだけです。 また、オプションで、Selenium-IDEでSeleneseテストスクリプトを既に作成している場合は、Selenium RCコードを生成できます。 Selenium-IDEは、（エクスポートメニュー項目を使用して）SeleniumコマンドをクライアントドライバーのAPI関数呼び出しに変換できます。 Selenium-IDEからRCコードをエクスポートする詳細については、Selenium-IDEの章を参照してください。\nインストール インストールというのは、Seleniumの誤った呼び名です。 Seleniumには、選択したプログラミング言語で利用可能な一連のライブラリがあります。 ダウンロードページからダウンロードできます。\n使用する言語を選択したら、次のことを行う必要があります。\n Selenium RCサーバーをインストールします。 言語固有のクライアントドライバーを使用してプログラミングプロジェクトをセットアップします。  Seleniumサーバーのインストール Selenium RCサーバーは単なるJava jarファイル（selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar）であり、特別なインストールは不要です。 zipファイルをダウンロードして、目的のディレクトリにサーバーを展開するだけで十分です。\nSeleniumサーバーを実行する テストを開始する前に、サーバーを起動する必要があります。 Selenium RCのサーバーがあるディレクトリに移動し、コマンドラインコンソールから次を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar これは、上記のコマンドを含むバッチまたはシェル実行可能ファイル（Windowsでは.bat、Linuxでは.sh）を作成することで簡素化できます。 次に、デスクトップ上でその実行可能ファイルへのショートカットを作成し、アイコンをダブルクリックしてサーバーを起動します。\nサーバーを実行するには、Javaをインストールし、PATH環境変数をコンソールから実行するように正しく構成する必要があります。 コンソールで次を実行すると、Javaが正しくインストールされていることを確認できます。\njava -version バージョン番号（1.5以降である必要があります）を取得したら、Selenium RCの使用を開始できます。\nJavaクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumHQダウンロードページからSelenium Javaクライアントドライバーのzipファイルをダウンロードします。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt; .jarファイルを解凍します。 Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) 希望するJava IDE（Eclipse、NetBeans、IntelliJ、Netweaverなど）を開きます。 Javaプロジェクトを作成します。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jarファイルをプロジェクトの参照先に追加します。 selenium-java-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jarファイルをプロジェクトのクラスパスに追加します。 Selenium-IDEから、スクリプトをJavaファイルにエクスポートしてJavaプロジェクトに含めるか、selenium-java-client APIを使用してJavaでSeleniumテストを記述します。 APIについては、この章の後半で説明します。 JUnitまたはTestNgを使用してテストを実行するか、独自の単純なmain()プログラムを作成できます。 これらの概念については、このセクションの後半で説明します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 Java IDEまたはコマンドラインからテストを実行します。  Javaテストプロジェクトの設定詳細については、付録セクションの「EclipseでのSelenium RCの設定」および「IntellijでのSelenium RCの設定」を参照してください。\nPythonクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumをPIP経由でインストールします。手順はSeleniumHQダウンロードページにリンクされています。 SeleniumテストをPythonで作成するか、Selenium-IDEからPythonファイルにスクリプトをエクスポートします。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 コンソールまたはPython IDEからテストを実行します。  Pythonクライアントドライバーの設定詳細については、付録「Pythonクライアントドライバーの設定」を参照してください。\n.NETクライアントドライバーの使用  SeleniumHQダウンロードページからSelenium RCをダウンロードします。 フォルダーを解凍します。 NUnitをダウンロードしてインストールします。 （注：テストエンジンとしてNUnitを使用できます。 NUnitにまだ慣れていない場合は、簡単なmain()関数を作成してテストを実行することもできますが、NUnitはテストエンジンとして非常に便利です。） 希望した.Net IDE（Visual Studio、SharpDevelop、MonoDevelop）を開きます。 クラスライブラリ(.dll)を作成します。 次のDLLへの参照を追加します。 nmock.dll、nunit.core.dll、nunit、framework.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll、ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Seleniumテストを.Net言語(C#、VB.Net)で記述するか、Selenium-IDEからC#ファイルにスクリプトをエクスポートし、このコードを作成したクラスファイルにコピーします。 独自の単純なmain()プログラムを作成するか、テストを実行するためにプロジェクトにNUnitを含めることができます。 これらの概念については、この章の後半で説明します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 IDE、NUnit GUI、またはコマンドラインからテストを実行します。  Visual Studioを使用した.NETクライアントドライバーの設定詳細については、付録の.NETクライアントドライバー設定を参照してください。\nRubyクライアントドライバーの使用  RubyGemsがまだない場合は、RubyForgeからインストールします。 次のコマンドを実行します。 gem install selenium-client テストスクリプトの上部に次の行を追加します。 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Rubyテストハーネス(Test :: Unit、Mini :: Test、RSpecなど)を使用してテストスクリプトを記述します。 コンソールからSeleniumサーバーを実行します。 他のRubyスクリプトを実行するのと同じ方法でテストを実行します。  Rubyクライアントドライバーの構成の詳細については、Selenium-Clientのドキュメント を参照してください。\nSeleneseからプログラムへ Selenium RCを使用する主なタスクは、Seleneseをプログラミング言語に変換することです。 このセクションでは、言語固有の例をいくつか示します。\nサンプルテストスクリプト Seleneseテストスクリプトの例から始めましょう。 Selenium-IDEで次のテストを記録することを想像してください。\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     注：この例は、Google検索ページ http://www.google.com で機能します。\nプログラミングコードとしてのSelenese サポートされている各プログラミング言語に(Selenium-IDE経由で)エクスポートされたテストスクリプトを次に示します。 オブジェクト指向プログラミング言語の少なくとも基本的な知識がある場合は、これらの例のいずれかを読むことで、SeleniumがSeleneseコマンドを実行する方法を理解できます。 特定の言語の例を表示するには、これらのボタンのいずれかを選択します。\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end 次のセクションでは、生成されたコードを使用してテストプログラムを構築する方法を説明します。\nテストをプログラミングする 次に、サポートされている各プログラミング言語の例を使用して、独自のテストをプログラミングする方法を説明します。 基本的に2つのタスクがあります。\n Selenium-IDEからスクリプトをプログラミング言語に生成し、必要に応じて結果を変更します。 生成されたコードを実行する非常に単純なmainプログラムを記述します。  必要に応じて、JUnitまたはJava用のTestNG、またはこれらの言語のいずれかを使用している場合は.NET用のNUnitなどのテストエンジンプラットフォームを採用できます。\nここでは、言語固有の例を示します。 言語固有のAPIはそれぞれ異なっている傾向があるため、それぞれに個別の説明があります。\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Javaの場合、テストエンジンとしてJUnitまたはTestNGを使用します。 Eclipseは、プラグインを介してこれらを直接サポートしています。 これにより、さらに簡単になります。 JUnitまたはTestNGの指導はこのドキュメントの範囲外ですが、資料はオンラインで入手でき、利用可能な出版物があります。 すでに\u0026quot;java-shop\u0026quot;であれば、開発者がこれらのテストフレームワークのいずれかで既にある程度の経験を持っている可能性があります。\nおそらく、テストクラスの名前を\u0026quot;NewTest\u0026quot;から独自の名前に変更する必要があります。 また、ステートメント内のブラウザを開くパラメーターを変更する必要があります。\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Selenium-IDEで生成されたコードは次のようになります。 この例では、わかりやすくするためにコメントを手動で追加しています。\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# .NETクライアントドライバーはMicrosoft.NETで動作します。 NUnitやVisual Studio 2005 Team Systemなどの.NETテストフレームワークで利用できます。\nSelenium-IDEは、テストフレームワークとしてNUnitを使用することを想定しています。 以下の生成コードでこれを確認できます。 NUnitの using ステートメントと、テストクラスの各メンバー関数の役割を識別する対応するNUnit属性が含まれています。\nおそらく、テストクラスの名前を\u0026quot;NewTest\u0026quot;から独自の選択に変更する必要があります。 また、ステートメントのブラウザで開くパラメーターを変更する必要があります。\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); 生成されたコードは次のようになります。\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } NUnitにテストの実行を管理させることができます。 または、テストオブジェクトをインスタンス化し、SetupTest()、TheNewTest()、TeardownTest() の各メソッドを順番に実行する単純な main() プログラムを作成することもできます。\nPython Pyunitは、Pythonで使用するテストフレームワークです。\n基本的なテスト構造は次のとおりです。\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Selenium-IDEの古い（2.0より前の）バージョンは、古いSelenium gemを必要とするRubyコードを生成します。 したがって、IDEによって生成されたRubyスクリプトを次のように更新することをお勧めします。\n  １行目を require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; から require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; に変更\n  11行目を Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new から Selenium::Client::Driver.new に変更\n  クラス名を\u0026quot;Untitled\u0026quot;よりもわかりやすい名前に変更し、テストメソッドの名前を\u0026quot;test_untitled\u0026quot;以外の名前に変更することもできます。\n上記のように、Selenium IDEによって生成されたRubyコードを変更して作成された簡単な例を次に示します。\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP ドキュメントチームのメンバーは、PerlまたはPHPでSelenium RCを使用していません。 これらの2つの言語のいずれかでSelenium RCを使用している場合は、ドキュメントチームに連絡してください（貢献に関する章を参照）。 PerlおよびPHPユーザーをサポートするために、あなたとあなたの経験からいくつかの例を含めたいと思います。\nAPIを学ぶ Selenium RC APIは、Seleneseを理解していると仮定すると、インターフェイスのほとんどが自明である命名規則を使用します。 ただし、ここでは、最も重要で、おそらくそれほど明白ではない側面について説明します。\nブラウザーを起動する CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start これらの各例はブラウザを開き、\u0026ldquo;ブラウザーインスタンス\u0026quot;をプログラム変数に割り当てることでそのブラウザを表します。 このプログラム変数は、ブラウザからメソッドを呼び出すために使用されます。 これらのメソッドは、Seleniumコマンドを実行します。 つまり、 open コマンドや type コマンド、 verify コマンドなどです。\nブラウザーインスタンスの作成時に必要なパラメーターは次のとおりです。\n  host サーバーが配置されているコンピューターのIPアドレスを指定します。 通常、これはクライアントが実行されているマシンと同じマシンであるため、この場合は localhost が渡されます。 一部のクライアントでは、これは任意のパラメーターです。\n  port サーバーがクライアントが接続を確立するのを待機しているTCP/IPソケットを指定します。 これは、一部のクライアントドライバーでは任意です。\n  browser テストを実行するブラウザー。 これは必須パラメーターです。\n  url テスト対象のアプリケーションのベースURL。 これは、すべてのクライアントライブラリに必要であり、ブラウザプロキシAUT通信を開始するための不可欠な情報です。\n  一部のクライアントライブラリでは、 start() メソッドを呼び出してブラウザーを明示的に起動する必要があります。\nコマンドを実行する ブラウザを初期化して変数（一般的に\u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot;という名前）に割り当てたら、ブラウザ変数からそれぞれのメソッドを呼び出してSeleneseコマンドを実行させることができます。 たとえば、Seleniumオブジェクトの type メソッドを呼び出すには、以下のように記述します。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) バックグラウンドで、ブラウザは、メソッド呼び出し中に指定したロケーターと文字列を使用して、ユーザーがブラウザーに入力を入力するのと本質的に同じタイプ操作を実際に実行します。\n結果を報告する Selenium RCには、結果を報告するための独自のメカニズムがありません。 むしろ、選択したプログラミング言語の機能を使用して、ニーズに合わせてカスタマイズしたレポートを作成できます。 それは素晴らしいことですが、すでにあなたのために行われている何かを簡単にしたい場合はどうでしょうか？ 多くの場合、既存のライブラリまたはテストフレームワークは、独自のテストレポートコードを開発するよりも早くニーズを満たすことができます。\nテストフレームワークのレポートツール テストフレームワークは、多くのプログラミング言語で使用できます。 これらは、テストを実行するための柔軟なテストエンジンを提供する主な機能とともに、結果を報告するためのライブラリコードを含んでいます。 たとえば、Javaには一般的に使用される2つのテストフレームワーク、JUnitとTestNGがあります。 .NETには独自のNUnitもあります。\nここではフレームワーク自体を教えません。 これはこのユーザーガイドの範囲外です。 Seleniumに関連するフレームワーク機能と、適用可能ないくつかのテクニックを簡単に紹介します。 ただし、これらのテストフレームワークに関する優れた書籍は、インターネット上の情報とともに入手できます。\nテストレポートライブラリ 選択したプログラミング言語でテスト結果を報告するために特別に作成されたサードパーティライブラリも利用できます。 これらは多くの場合、HTMLやPDFなどのさまざまな形式をサポートします。\n最良のアプローチは何ですか？ テストフレームワークを初めて使用するほとんどの人は、フレームワークに組み込まれているレポート機能から始めます。 独自のライブラリを開発するよりも時間がかかりません。 Seleniumを使用し始めたら、進捗を報告するための独自の\u0026quot;印刷したステートメント\u0026quot;を入力し始めることは間違いありません。 それにより、ライブラリまたはテストフレームワークの使用と並行して、独自のレポートの開発に徐々につながる可能性があります。 とにかく、最初の、しかし短い学習曲線の後、あなたは自分の状況に最適なものを自然に開発します。\nテストレポートの例 説明のために、Seleniumでサポートされている他の言語のいくつかの特定のツールを紹介します。 ここにリストされているものは一般的に使用されており、このガイドの著者によって広く使用されています（したがって、推奨されています）。\nJavaのテストレポート   SeleniumテストケースがJUnitを使用して開発されている場合、JUnitレポートを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。\n  TestNGを使用してSeleniumテストケースを開発する場合、テストレポートを生成するために外部タスクは必要ありません。 TestNGフレームワークは、テストの詳細をリストするHTMLレポートを生成します。\n  ReportNGは、TestNGフレームワーク用のHTMLレポートプラグインです。 これは、デフォルトのTestNG HTMLレポートの代替として意図されています。 ReportNGは、テスト結果の色分けされたシンプルなビューを提供します。\n  Seleneseコマンドのロギング  Seleniumのロギングを使用して、テスト内のすべてのSeleneseコマンドのレポートを、それぞれの成功または失敗とともに生成できます。 ロギングSeleniumはJavaクライアントドライバーを拡張して、このSeleneseロギング機能を追加します。  Pythonのテストレポート  Pythonクライアントドライバーを使用する場合、HTMLTestRunnerを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。  Rubyのテストレポート  RSpecフレームワークをRubyでのSeleniumテストケースの作成に使用する場合、そのHTMLレポートを使用してテストレポートを生成できます。  テストにスパイスを追加する 次に、テストにプログラミングロジックを追加して、Selenium RCを使用するすべての理由を説明します。 他のプログラムと同じです。 プログラムフローは、条件ステートメントと反復を使用して制御されます。 さらに、I/Oを使用して進捗情報を報告できます。 このセクションでは、プログラミング言語の構成要素をSeleniumと組み合わせて、一般的なテストの問題を解決する方法の例をいくつか示します。\nページ要素の存在の単純なテストから、予想される結果を検証するためにプログラミングロジックを必要とする複数のWebページとさまざまなデータを含む動的機能のテストに移行するときにわかります。 基本的に、Selenium-IDEは反復および標準条件ステートメントをサポートしていません。 Seleneseパラメーターにjavascriptを埋め込むことでいくつかの条件を実行できますが、反復は不可能であり、プログラミング言語ではほとんどの条件がはるかに簡単になります。 さらに、エラー回復のために例外処理が必要になる場合があります。 これらの理由およびその他の理由により、自動テストでの\u0026quot;検証力\u0026quot;を高めるための一般的なプログラミング手法の使用を説明するために、このセクションを作成しました。\nこのセクションの例はC#とJavaで記述されていますが、コードはシンプルであり、サポートされている他の言語に簡単に適合させることができます。 オブジェクト指向プログラミング言語の基本的な知識があれば、このセクションを理解するのに困難はないはずです。\n反復 反復は、テストで行う必要がある最も一般的なことの1つです。 たとえば、検索を複数回実行したい場合があります。 または、おそらくテスト結果を検証するために、データベースから返された\u0026quot;結果セット\u0026quot;を処理する必要があります。\n前に使用したのと同じGoogle検索の例を使用して、Seleniumの検索結果を確認しましょう。 このテストではSeleneseを使用できます。\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     同じ手順を3回実行するためにコードが繰り返されています。 ただし、同じコードのコピーを複数作成することは、維持する作業が増えるため、プログラムとしては適切ではありません。 プログラミング言語を使用することで、検索結果を反復処理して、より柔軟で保守可能なソリューションを実現できます。\nC# の場合 // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } 条件ステートメント テストでの条件の使用を説明するために、例から始めます。 Seleniumテストの実行中に発生する一般的な問題は、ページで予期される要素が利用できない場合に発生します。 たとえば、次の行を実行する場合です。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); 要素 \u0026lsquo;q'がページにない場合、例外がスローされます。\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found これにより、テストが中断する可能性があります。 いくつかのテストでは、それがあなたの望むものです。 しかし、多くの場合、テストスクリプトには実行する他の多くのテストがあるため、これは望ましくありません。\nより良いアプローチは、まず要素が実際に存在するかどうかを検証し、次に存在しない場合に代替手段を取ることです。 Javaを使用してこれを見てみましょう。\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } このアプローチの利点は、ページで一部のUI要素が利用できない場合でも、テストの実行を続行できることです。\nテストからJavaScriptを実行する JavaScriptは、セレンによって直接サポートされていないアプリケーションを実行する際に非常に便利です。 Selenium APIの getEval メソッドを使用して、Selenium RCからJavaScriptを実行できます。\n静的な識別子のないチェックボックスを持つアプリケーションを考えてください。 この場合、Selenium RCからJavaScriptを評価して、すべてのチェックボックスのIDを取得し、それらを実行できます。\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } ページ上の画像の数を数えるには、以下のとおりです。\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); デフォルトでは、テストウィンドウではなくSeleniumウィンドウが参照されるため、DOM式の場合は必ずウィンドウオブジェクトを使用してください。\nサーバーオプション サーバーの起動時に、コマンドラインオプションを使用してデフォルトのサーバーの動作を変更できます。\nサーバーを起動するには、次を実行してください。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar オプションのリストを表示するには、 -h オプションを指定してサーバーを実行します。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h サーバーで使用できるすべてのオプションのリストとそれぞれの簡単な説明が表示されます。 提供された説明では必ずしも十分ではないため、いくつかのより重要なオプションについて説明しました。\nプロキシ設定 AUTが認証を必要とするHTTPプロキシの後ろにある場合、次のコマンドを使用してhttp.proxyHost、http.proxyPort、http.proxyUserおよびhttp.proxyPasswordを設定する必要があります。\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password マルチウィンドウモード Selenium 1.0を使用している場合は、マルチウィンドウモードがデフォルトの動作であるため、おそらくこのセクションをスキップできます。 ただし、バージョン1.0より前は、Seleniumはデフォルトで、ここに示すようにサブフレームでテスト対象のアプリケーションを実行していました。\n一部のアプリケーションはサブフレームで正しく実行されず、ウィンドウの上部フレームにロードする必要がありました。 マルチウィンドウモードオプションにより、AUTはデフォルトフレームではなく別のウィンドウで実行でき、そこで必要なトップフレームを取得できました。\nSeleniumの古いバージョンでは、次のオプションで明示的にマルチウィンドウモードを指定する必要があります。\n-multiwindow Selenium RC 1.0の時点で、単一のフレーム内でテストを実行する場合（つまり、以前のSeleniumバージョンの標準を使用する場合）、オプションを使用してこれをSelenium Serverに指定できます。\n-singlewindow Firefoxプロファイルの指定 Firefoxは、インスタンスごとに個別のプロファイルを指定しない限り、2つのインスタンスを同時に実行しません。 Selenium RC 1.0以降は個別のプロファイルで自動的に実行されるため、Selenium 1.0を使用している場合は、このセクションをスキップできます。 ただし、Seleniumの古いバージョンを使用している場合、またはテストに特定のプロファイルを使用する必要がある場合（https証明書の追加やアドオンのインストールなど）、プロファイルを明示的に指定する必要があります。\n最初に、別のFirefoxプロファイルを作成するには、次の手順に従います。 Windowsのスタートメニューを開き、\u0026ldquo;実行\u0026quot;を選択して、次のいずれかを入力します。\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P ダイアログを使用して新しいプロファイルを作成します。 次に、Seleniumサーバーを実行するときに、サーバーのコマンドラインオプション -firefoxProfileTemplate でこの新しいFirefoxプロファイルを使用し、ファイル名とディレクトリパスを使用してプロファイルへのパスを指定するように指示します。\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; 警告: 必ずデフォルトとは別の新しいフォルダーにプロファイルを入れてください!!! Firefoxプロファイルマネージャーツールは、プロファイルを削除すると、プロファイルファイルであるかどうかに関係なく、フォルダー内のすべてのファイルを削除します。\nFirefoxプロファイルの詳細については、Mozillaのナレッジベースをご覧ください。\n-htmlSuiteを使用してサーバー内でSeleneseを直接実行する HTMLファイルをサーバーのコマンドラインに渡すことで、Selenese HTMLファイルをSelenium Server内で直接実行できます。 例えば、\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; これにより、HTMLスイートが自動的に起動され、すべてのテストが実行され、結果とともにHTMLレポートが保存されます。\n注意: このオプションを使用すると、サーバーはテストを開始し、テストが完了するまで指定された秒数待機します。 その時間内にテストが完了しない場合、コマンドはゼロ以外の終了コードで終了し、結果ファイルは生成されません。\nこのコマンドラインは非常に長いため、入力するときは注意してください。 これには、単一のテストではなく、HTML Seleneseスイートを渡す必要があることに注意してください。 また、 -htmlSuite オプションは-interactiveと互換性がないことに注意してください。 両方を同時に実行することはできません。\nSeleniumサーバーのログ サーバー側のログ Seleniumサーバーを起動するときに、 -log オプションを使用して、Seleniumサーバーによってレポートされた貴重なデバッグ情報をテキストファイルに記録できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log このログファイルは、標準のコンソールログよりも詳細です（DEBUGレベルのログメッセージが含まれます）。 ログファイルには、ロガー名、およびメッセージを記録したスレッドのID番号も含まれます。 例えば、\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW メッセージの形式は、以下のとおりです。\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE このメッセージは複数行の場合があります。\nブラウザ側のログ ブラウザ側のJavaScript（Selenium Core）も重要なメッセージを記録します。 多くの場合、これらは通常のSeleniumサーバーログよりもエンドユーザーにとって有用です。 ブラウザ側のログにアクセスするには、 -browserSideLog 引数をSeleniumサーバーに渡します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog を -log 引数と組み合わせて、browserSideLogs（および他のすべてのDEBUGレベルのログメッセージ）をファイルに記録する必要があります。\n特定のブラウザへのパスを指定する 特定のブラウザーへのパスをSelenium RCに指定できます。 これは、同じブラウザーの異なるバージョンがあり、特定のブラウザーを使用する場合に便利です。 また、これは、Selenium RCで直接サポートされていないブラウザーに対してテストを実行できるようにするために使用されます。 実行モードを指定するときは、ブラウザの実行可能ファイルへのフルパスが後に続く *custom 指定子を使用します。\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RCアーキテクチャ 注意: このトピックでは、Selenium RCの背後にある技術的な実装について説明します。 Seleniumユーザーがこれを知ることは基本的なことではありませんが、将来発生する可能性のある問題の一部を理解するのに役立ちます。\nSelenium RC Serverがどのように機能し、プロキシインジェクションと高度な特権モードを使用する理由を詳細に理解するには、最初に 同一オリジンポリシー を理解する必要があります。\n同一オリジンポリシー Seleniumが直面する主な制限は、同一オリジンポリシーです。 このセキュリティ制限は、市場のすべてのブラウザーによって適用され、その目的は、サイトのコンテンツが別のサイトのスクリプトによってアクセスされないようにすることです。 同一オリジンポリシーでは、ブラウザ内にロードされたコードはすべて、そのウェブサイトのドメイン内でのみ動作することが規定されています。 別のWebサイトで関数を実行することはできません。 たとえば、ブラウザが www.mysite.com を読み込むときにJavaScriptコードを読み込むと、それが別のサイトであっても、読み込まれたコードを www.mysite2.com に対して実行できません。 これが可能な場合、他のタブで口座ページを開いていれば、開いているウェブサイトに配置されたスクリプトは銀行口座の情報を読み取ることができます。 これはXSS（クロスサイトスクリプティング）と呼ばれます。\nこのポリシー内で機能するには、Selenium-Core（およびすべての魔法を発生させるJavaScriptコマンド）をテスト対象アプリケーション（同じURL）と同一オリジンに配置する必要があります。\n歴史的に、Selenium-CoreはJavaScriptで実装されていたため、この問題によって制限されていました。 ただし、Selenium RCは同一オリジンポリシーによって制限されていません。 Seleniumサーバーをプロキシとして使用すると、この問題を回避できます。 基本的に、ブラウザがサーバーが提供する単一の\u0026quot;なりすまし\u0026quot;ウェブサイトで動作していることをブラウザに伝えます。\n注意: このトピックに関する追加情報は、同一オリジンポリシーおよびXSSに関するWikipediaページで見つけることができます。\nプロキシインジェクション 同一オリジンポリシーを回避するためにSeleniumが使用した最初の方法は、プロキシインジェクションでした。 プロキシインジェクションモードでは、Selenium Serverはブラウザと テスト対象アプリケーション1 の間にあるクライアント設定の HTTPプロキシ2として機能します。 次に、架空のURLでテスト対象アプリケーションをマスクします（Selenium-Coreと一連のテストを埋め込み、同一オリジンから来ているかのように配信します）。\nこれがアーキテクチャ図です。\nお気に入りの言語でテストスイートが開始されると、次のようになります。\n クライアント/ドライバーは、selenium-RCサーバーとの接続を確立します。 Selenium RCサーバーは、Selenium-CoreのJavaScriptをブラウザーがロードしたWebページに挿入するURLを使用してブラウザーを起動します（または古いブラウザーを再利用します）。 クライアントドライバーはSeleneseコマンドをサーバーに渡します。 サーバーはコマンドを解釈し、対応するJavaScript実行をトリガーして、ブラウザー内でそのコマンドを実行します。 Selenium-Coreは、ブラウザーに最初の命令に基づいて動作するよう指示し、通常はテスト対象アプリケーションのページを開きます。 ブラウザーはオープンリクエストを受信し、Selenium RCサーバー（使用するブラウザーのHTTPプロキシとして設定）からWebサイトのコンテンツを要求します。 Selenium RCサーバーはWebサーバーと通信してページを要求し、ページを受信すると、ブラウザーにページを送信し、オリジンをマスクしてページがSelenium-Coreと同じサーバーからのものであるように見えます（これにより、Selenium-Coreは 同一オリジンポリシーを使用）。 ブラウザーはWebページを受信し、そのページ用に予約されているフレーム/ウィンドウにレンダリングします。  Heightened Privileges でブラウザーを起動する この方法のこのワークフローは、プロキシインジェクションに非常に似ていますが、主な違いは、ブラウザが Heightened Privileges と呼ばれる特別なモードで起動されることです。 これにより、Webサイトは一般に許可されていないこと（SeleniumにXSSを実行したり、ファイルのアップロード入力を入力したり）を許可します。 これらのブラウザーモードを使用することで、Selenium CoreはAUT全体をSelenium RCサーバーに渡すことなく、テスト対象アプリケーションを直接開き、コンテンツを読み取り/操作できます。\nこれがアーキテクチャ図です。\nお気に入りの言語でテストスイートが開始されると、次のようになります。\n クライアント/ドライバーは、selenium-RCサーバーとの接続を確立します。 Selenium RCサーバーは、WebページにSelenium-CoreをロードするURLを使用してブラウザーを起動します（または古いブラウザーを再利用します）。 Selenium-Coreは、クライアント/ドライバーから最初の命令を取得します（Selenium RCサーバーへの別のHTTP要求を介して）。 Selenium-Coreはその最初の命令に基づいて動作し、通常はテスト対象アプリケーションのページを開きます。 ブラウザはオープン要求を受信し、Webサーバーにページを要求します。 ブラウザがWebページを受信すると、そのページ用に予約されたフレーム/ウィンドウにレンダリングします。  HTTPSおよびセキュリティポップアップの処理 多くのアプリケーションは、パスワードやクレジットカード情報などの暗号化された情報を送信する必要がある場合、HTTPからHTTPSに切り替えます。 これは、今日の多くのWebアプリケーションに共通しています。 Selenium RCはこれをサポートしています。\nHTTPSサイトが本物であることを確認するには、ブラウザにセキュリティ証明書が必要です。 そうでない場合、ブラウザがHTTPSを使用してテスト対象アプリケーションにアクセスすると、アプリケーションが'信頼されていない'と見なされます。 これが発生すると、ブラウザにセキュリティポップアップが表示され、Selenium RCを使用してこれらのポップアップを閉じることはできません。\nSelenium RCテストでHTTPSを扱う場合、これをサポートし、セキュリティ証明書を処理する実行モードを使用する必要があります。 テストプログラムでSeleniumを初期化するときに、実行モードを指定します。\nSelenium RC 1.0ベータ2以降では、実行モードに* firefoxまたは* iexploreを使用します。 Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1を含む以前のバージョンでは、実行モードに*chromeまたは *iehtaを使用します。 これらの実行モードを使用すると、特別なセキュリティ証明書をインストールする必要はありません。 Selenium RCがそれを処理します。\nバージョン1.0では、実行モード*firefoxまたは*iexploreが推奨されます。 ただし、*iexploreproxyおよび*firefoxproxyの追加の実行モードがあります。 これらは後方互換性のためにのみ提供されており、レガシーテストプログラムで必要でない限り使用しないでください。 アプリケーションが追加のブラウザウィンドウを開く場合、セキュリティ証明書の処理と複数のウィンドウの実行に制限があります。\nSelenium RCの以前のバージョンでは、 *chromeまたは*iehtaは、HTTPSおよびセキュリティポップアップの処理をサポートする実行モードでした。 これらは'実験モード'と見なされましたが、非常に安定し、多くの人が使用していました。 Selenium 1.0を使用している場合、これらの古い実行モードは不要であり、使用すべきではありません。\nセキュリティ証明書の説明 通常、ブラウザは、既に所有しているセキュリティ証明書をインストールすることで、テストしているアプリケーションを信頼します。 ブラウザのオプションまたはインターネットのプロパティでこれを確認できます（テスト対象アプリケーションのセキュリティ証明書がわからない場合は、システム管理者に問い合わせてください）。 Seleniumがブラウザーをロードすると、ブラウザーとサーバー間のメッセージをインターセプトするコードを挿入します。 ブラウザーは、信頼されていないソフトウェアがアプリケーションのように見えると解釈するようになりました。 ポップアップメッセージで警告することで応答します。\nこれを回避するために、Selenium RC（これをサポートする実行モードを使用する場合）は、ブラウザーがアクセスできる場所でクライアントコンピューターに独自のセキュリティ証明書を一時的にインストールします。 これにより、ブラウザはテスト対象アプリケーションとは異なるサイトにアクセスしていると思わせ、ポップアップを効果的に抑制します。\nSeleniumの以前のバージョンで使用された別の方法は、Seleniumのインストールで提供されるCybervilliansセキュリティ証明書をインストールすることでした。 ただし、ほとんどのユーザーはこれを行う必要がなくなります。 Selenium RCをプロキシインジェクションモードで実行している場合、このセキュリティ証明書を明示的にインストールする必要があるかもしれません。\n追加のブラウザーとブラウザー構成のサポート Selenium APIは、Internet ExplorerとMozilla Firefoxに加えて、複数のブラウザーに対する実行をサポートしています。 サポートされるブラウザーについては、 https://selenium.dev Webサイトを参照してください。 さらに、ブラウザーが直接サポートされていない場合でも、テストアプリケーションがブラウザーを起動する時に\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;実行モード（すなわち、*firefoxまたは*iexploreの代わり）を使用して、選択したブラウザーに対してSeleniumテストを実行できます。 これにより、API呼び出し内で実行可能なブラウザーへのパスを渡します。 これは、対話モードのサーバーからも実行できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 異なるブラウザー設定でテストを実行する 通常、Selenium RCはブラウザーを自動的に設定しますが、\u0026quot;*custom\u0026rdquo; 実行モードを使用してブラウザーを起動する場合、自動設定を使用せずにSelenium RCにブラウザーをそのまま強制的に起動させることができます。\nたとえば、次のようなカスタム設定でFirefoxを起動できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com この方法でブラウザーを起動する場合、Selenium Serverをプロキシとして使用するようにブラウザーを手動で設定する必要があることに注意してください。 通常、これはブラウザーの設定を開き、\u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026quot;をHTTPプロキシとして指定することを意味しますが、この手順はブラウザーごとに根本的に異なる場合があります。 詳細については、ブラウザーのドキュメントを参照してください。\nMozillaブラウザは、起動と停止の方法が異なる場合があることに注意してください。 Mozillaブラウザの動作をもう少し予測可能にするために、MOZ_NO_REMOTE環境変数を設定する必要があるかもしれません。 Unixユーザーは、シェルスクリプトを使用してブラウザを起動しないでください。 一般に、バイナリ実行可能ファイル（firefox-binなど）を直接使用することをお勧めします。\n一般的な問題のトラブルシューティング Selenium RCの使用を開始すると、一般的に発生する可能性のある問題がいくつかあります。 ここでそれらとその解決策を紹介します。\nサーバーに接続できません テストプログラムがSeleniumサーバーに接続できない場合、Seleniumはテストプログラムで例外をスローします。 このメッセージまたは同様のメッセージが表示されるはずです。\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) このようなメッセージが表示された場合は、必ずSeleniumサーバーを起動してください。 その場合、SeleniumクライアントライブラリとSeleniumサーバー間の接続に問題があります。\nSelenium RCを使用する場合、ほとんどの人は、同じマシンでテストプログラム（Seleniumクライアントライブラリを使用）とSeleniumサーバーを実行することから始めます。 これを行うには、接続パラメーターとして\u0026quot;localhost\u0026quot;を使用します。 開始する潜在的なネットワークの問題の影響を軽減するため、この方法で開始することをお勧めします。 オペレーティングシステムに一般的なネットワーク設定とTCP/IP設定があると仮定すると、ほとんど問題はありません。 実際、多くの人がこの方法でテストを実行することを選択します。\nただし、リモートマシンでSeleniumサーバーを実行する場合は、2台のマシン間に有効なTCP/IP接続があると仮定すると、接続は良好です。\n接続に問題がある場合は、 ping 、telnet 、 ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig(Windows) などの一般的なネットワークツールを使用して、有効なネットワーク接続を確保できます。 これらに不慣れな場合は、システム管理者が支援できます。\nブラウザをロードできません わかりやすいエラーメッセージではありません。 申し訳ありませんが、Seleniumサーバーがブラウザをロードできない場合、このエラーが表示される可能性があります。\n(500) Internal Server Error これは、下記が原因の可能性があります。\n Firefox（Selenium 1.0より前）は、ブラウザーが既に開いており、別のプロファイルを指定していないため、起動できません。 サーバーオプションのFirefoxプロファイルのセクションを参照してください。 使用している実行モードは、マシン上のどのブラウザとも一致しません。 プログラムでブラウザーを開いたときに、Seleniumに渡したパラメーターを確認してください。 ブラウザーへのパスを明示的に指定しました（ \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; を使用 - 上記を参照）が、パスが正しくありません。 パスが正しいことを確認してください。 また、ユーザーグループをチェックして、ブラウザーと \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; パラメーターに既知の問題がないことを確認します。  SeleniumはAUTを見つけることができません テストプログラムがブラウザを正常に起動したが、テストしているWebサイトがブラウザに表示されない場合、最も可能性の高い原因は、テストプログラムが正しいURLを使用していないことです。\nこれは簡単に起きます。 Selenium-IDEを使用してスクリプトをエクスポートすると、ダミーのURLが挿入されます。 アプリケーションをテストするには、URLを手動で正しいものに変更する必要があります。\nFirefoxはプロファイルの準備中にシャットダウンを拒否しました これはほとんどの場合、Selenium RCテストプログラムをFirefoxに対して実行しますが、Firefoxブラウザーセッションが既に実行されており、Selenium Serverの起動時に別のプロファイルを指定しなかった場合に発生します。 テストプログラムからのエラーは次のようになります。\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile サーバーからの完全なエラーメッセージを次に示します。\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock これを解決するには、個別のFirefoxプロファイルの指定に関するセクションを参照してください。\nバージョン管理の問題 Seleniumのバージョンがブラウザのバージョンをサポートしていることを確認してください。 たとえば、Selenium RC 0.92はFirefox 3をサポートしていません。 時には幸運かもしれません（私はそうでした）。 ただし、使用しているSeleniumのバージョンでサポートされているブラウザのバージョンを確認することを忘れないでください。 疑わしい場合は、ブラウザの最も広く使用されているバージョンでSeleniumの最新リリースバージョンを使用してください。\nサーバーの起動中のエラーメッセージ： \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; このエラーは、正しいバージョンのJavaを使用していないことを示しています。 Selenium ServerにはJava 1.5以降が必要です。\nJavaバージョンを再確認するには、コマンドラインからこれを実行します。\njava -version Javaバージョンを示すメッセージが表示されます。\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) 低いバージョン番号が表示される場合は、JREを更新するか、単に更新したJREをPATH環境変数に追加する必要があります。\ngetNewBrowserSessionコマンドの実行時の404エラー \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot; でページを開こうとしているときに404エラーが表示される場合は、Seleniumサーバーがプロキシとして正しく構成されていないことが原因である必要があります。 \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; ディレクトリはgoogle.comには存在しません。 プロキシが適切に設定されている場合にのみ存在します。 プロキシ設定は、Firefox、iexplore、opera、またはカスタムでブラウザを起動する方法に大きく依存します。\n  iexplore: *iexplore を使用してブラウザを起動した場合、Internet Explorerのプロキシ設定に問題がある可能性があります。 Seleniumサーバーは、インターネットオプションコントロールパネルでグローバルプロキシ設定を構成しようとします。 Seleniumサーバーがブラウザーを起動するときに、これらが正しく構成されていることを確認する必要があります。 インターネットオプションコントロールパネルを見てみてください。 \u0026ldquo;接続\u0026quot;タブをクリックし、\u0026ldquo;LAN設定\u0026quot;をクリックします。\n プロキシを使用してテストするアプリケーションにアクセスする必要がある場合は、\u0026quot;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026quot;でSeleniumサーバーを起動する必要があります。 詳細については、Proxy Configuration_ を参照してください。 プロキシを手動で設定してから、 *custom または *iehta ブラウザーランチャーでブラウザーを起動することもできます。    custom: *customを使用する場合、プロキシを正しく（手動で）設定する必要があります。 そうしないと、404エラーが発生します。 プロキシ設定が正しく構成されていることを再確認してください。 プロキシを正しく設定したかどうかを確認するには、意図的にブラウザを誤って設定しようとします。 間違ったプロキシサーバーのホスト名または間違ったポートを使用するようにブラウザーを構成してください。 ブラウザのプロキシ設定を正しく構成しなかった場合、ブラウザーはインターネットに接続できなくなります。 これは、関連する設定を調整していることを確認する1つの方法です。\n  他のブラウザ（*firefox、*opera）では、プロキシが自動的にハードコード化されるため、この機能に関する既知の問題はありません。 404エラーが発生し、このユーザーガイドに従っている場合は、ユーザーコミュニティからの助けを得るために、ユーザーグループに結果を慎重に投稿してください。\n  パーミッション拒否エラー このエラーの最も一般的な理由は、セッションがドメインの境界を越える（たとえば、 http://domain1 から、http://domain2 のページにアクセスします）かプロトコルを切り替える（http://domainX から https://domainX に移動する）ことで同一オリジンポリシーに違反しようとしていることです。\nこのエラーは、JavaScriptがまだ使用可能でないUIページ（ページが完全にロードされる前）または使用できなくなった（ページのアンロードが開始された後）UIオブジェクトを見つけようとした場合にも発生します。 これは、AJAXページで最も一般的に発生します。 AJAXページは、大きなページとは独立してロードおよび/またはリロードするページまたはサブフレームのセクションで動作します。\nこのエラーは断続的に発生する場合があります。 問題はデバッガーのオーバーヘッドがシステムに追加されたときに再現できない競合状態に起因するため、デバッガーで問題を再現することはできません。 パーミッションの問題については、チュートリアルで詳しく説明します。 The Same Origin Policy、Proxy Injectionに関する章を注意深くお読みください。\nブラウザーポップアップウィンドウの処理 Seleniumテスト中に取得できる\u0026quot;ポップアップ\u0026quot;にはいくつかの種類があります。 テスト対象アプリケーションではなくブラウザによって開始されたSeleniumコマンドを実行しても、これらのポップアップを閉じることができない場合があります。 これらの管理方法を知る必要があるかもしれません。 ポップアップの種類ごとに異なる方法で対処する必要があります。\n  HTTP基本認証ダイアログ：これらのダイアログは、サイトにログインするためのユーザー名/パスワードの入力を求めます。 HTTP基本認証を必要とするサイトにログインするには、次のように、RFC 1738で説明されているように、URLでユーザー名とパスワードを使用します。 open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL証明書の警告：Selenium RCは、SSL証明書がプロキシとして有効になっている場合、自動的になりすまそうとします。 詳細については、HTTPSの章を参照してください。 ブラウザーが正しく設定されている場合、SSL証明書の警告は表示されませんが、危険な\u0026quot;CyberVillains\u0026quot;SSL認証局を信頼するようにブラウザーを設定する必要があります。 繰り返しますが、これを行う方法についてはHTTPSセクションを参照してください。\n  モーダルJavaScriptアラート/確認/プロンプトダイアログ：Seleniumはそれらのダイアログを（window.alert、window.confirm、window.promptを置き換えることで）隠そうとするため、ページの実行が停止されません。 アラートポップアップが表示されている場合は、ページの読み込みプロセス中に発生した可能性があります。 通常、ページを保護するには早すぎます。 Seleneseには、アラートと確認のポップアップをアサートまたは検証するためのコマンドが含まれています。 第4章のこれらのトピックに関する章を参照してください。\n  Linuxで、Firefoxブラウザーセッションが閉じないのはなぜですか？ Unix/Linuxでは、\u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026quot;を直接呼び出す必要があるため、実行可能ファイルがパス上にあることを確認してください。 シェルスクリプトを介してFirefoxを実行している場合、ブラウザーを終了するときが来ると、Selenium RCはシェルスクリプトを終了し、ブラウザーを実行したままにします。 このように、firefox-binへのパスを直接指定できます。\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome はカスタムプロファイルでは機能しません Firefoxプロファイルのフォルダー -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); を確認してください。 次の行を \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; のようにコメントアウトして、再度試してください。\n親ページの読み込み中にカスタムポップアップを読み込むことはできますか（つまり、親ページのjavascript window.onload()関数が実行される前）？ いいえ。Seleniumはインターセプターに依存しており、ロード中のウィンドウ名を決定します。 これらのインターセプターは、ウィンドウがonload()関数の後にロードされた場合、新しいウィンドウをキャッチするのに最適に機能します。 Seleniumは、onload関数の前にロードされたウィンドウを認識しない場合があります。\nLinux上のFirefox Unix/Linuxでは、1.0より前のSeleniumのバージョンは \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; を直接呼び出す必要があったため、以前のバージョンを使用している場合は、実際の実行可能ファイルがパス上にあることを確認してください。\nほとんどのLinuxディストリビューションでは、実際の firefox-bin は次の場所にあります。\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ x.x.xは現在使用しているバージョン番号です。 そのため、そのパスをユーザーのパスに追加します。 以下を.bashrcファイルに追加する必要があります。\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; 必要に応じて、次のようにテストで直接firefox-binへのパスを指定できます。\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IEおよびスタイル属性 Internet Explorerでテストを実行していて、style属性を使用して要素を見つけられない場合、例えば、次のような場合があります。\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] これはFirefox、Opera、またはSafariで完全に機能しますが、IEでは機能しません。 IEは @style のキーを大文字として解釈します。 したがって、ソースコードが小文字であっても、下記のように使用したほうがよいです。\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] テストが複数のブラウザーで動作することを意図している場合、これは問題ですが、簡単にテストをコーディングして状況を検出し、IEでのみ動作する代替ロケーターを試すことができます。\nエラーが発生しました-*googlechromeブラウザーのシャットダウン時に\u0026quot;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; このエラーを回避するには、同一オリジンポリシーチェックを無効にするオプションでブラウザを起動する必要があります。\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); IEでエラーが発生しました - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; このエラーを回避するには、ブラウザを設定する必要があります。 ポップアップブロッカーを無効にし、ツール \u0026raquo; オプション \u0026raquo;セキュリティで'保護モードを有効にする'オプションをオフにします。\n  ブラウザーは、 localhost:4444 をHTTPプロキシーとして設定した構成プロファイルで起動されます。 これが、ブラウザーが行うHTTP要求がSeleniumサーバーを通過し、レスポンスが実サーバーからではなく通過する理由です。 \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n プロキシは、2つの部分の間でボールを渡す中間の第三者です。 AUTをブラウザに配信する\u0026quot;Webサーバー\u0026quot;として機能します。 プロキシであるため、Seleniumサーバーはテスト対象アプリケーションの実際のURLについて\u0026quot;嘘をつく\u0026quot;機能を提供します。 \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Seleniumプロジェクトとツール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"SeleniumはWebブラウザーを制御します Selenium はいろいろなものがありますが中核となるのは、ブラウザインスタンスをリモートで制御し、ブラウザとのユーザーの対話をエミュレートするために利用可能な最良の技術を使用するWebブラウザ自動化用のツールセットです。\nユーザーは、エンドユーザーが実行する一般的なアクティビティをシミュレートできます。 フィールドにテキストを入力し、ドロップダウン値とチェックボックスを選択し、ドキュメント内のリンクをクリックします。 また、マウスの移動、任意のJavaScriptの実行など、他の多くのコントロールも提供します。\n主にWebサイトのフロントエンドテストに使用されますが、Seleniumはブラウザーユーザーエージェント ライブラリ の中核です。 インターフェイスはアプリケーションに遍在しているため、目的に合わせて他のライブラリとの組み合わせて使うことを奨励します。\nすべてを支配する1つのインターフェース プロジェクトの指針の1つは、すべての（主要な）ブラウザーテクノロジーに共通インターフェイスをサポートすることです。 Webブラウザーは非常に複雑で高度に設計されたアプリケーションであり、まったく異なる方法で操作を実行しますが、実行中に同じように見えることがよくあります。 テキストは同じフォントで表示されますが、画像は同じ場所に表示され、リンクは同じリンク先に移動します。 下で起こっていることは、昼と夜と同じくらい異なっています。 Seleniumはこれらの違いを \u0026ldquo;抽象化\u0026rdquo; し、コードを書いている人から詳細や複雑さを隠します。 これにより、数行のコードを記述して複雑なワークフローを実行できますが、これらの同じ行はFirefox、Internet Explorer、Chrome、およびサポートされている他のすべてのブラウザーで実行されます。\nツールとサポート Seleniumのミニマリストデザインアプローチは、より大きなアプリケーションのコンポーネントとして含まれる汎用性を提供します。 Selenium傘下で提供される周囲のインフラストラクチャは、 ブラウザのグリッド をまとめるツールを提供するため、さまざまなマシンで異なるブラウザーおよび複数のオペレーティングシステムでテストを実行できます。\nサーバールームまたはデータセンターにある積み重なったのコンピューターがすべてブラウザーを同時に起動してサイトのリンク、フォーム、およびテーブルにアクセスし、アプリケーションを24時間テストすることを想像してください。 最も一般的な言語用に提供されたシンプルなプログラミングインターフェイスを介して、これらのテストは休むことなく並行して実行され、エラーが発生したときにレポートを返します。\nブラウザを制御するだけでなく、そのようなグリッドを簡単に拡張および展開できるツールとドキュメントをユーザーに提供することで、これを実現することを目指しています。\n誰がSeleniumを使うか 世界で最も重要な企業の多くは、ブラウザベースのテストにSeleniumを採用しており、多くの場合、他の独自のツールを使用した長年の努力に取って代わりました。 人気が高まるにつれて、その要件と課題が倍増しています。\nウェブがより複雑になり、新しいテクノロジーがウェブサイトに追加されるにつれて、可能な限りそれらに遅れずについていくことがこのプロジェクトの使命です。 オープンソースプロジェクトであるこのサポートは、\u0026ldquo;本業\u0026quot;をもっている多くのボランティアからの寛大な時間の寄付によって提供されます。\nプロジェクトのもう1つの使命は、より多くのボランティアがこの取り組みに参加することを奨励し、プロジェクトが引き続き新しいテクノロジーに追いつき、機能テスト自動化の主要なプラットフォームであり続けることができるよう、強力なコミュニティを構築することです。\n歴史 2004年にSelenium 1がリリースされたとき、Webアプリケーションのフロントエンドで一貫した動作を手動で検証するために費やす時間を削減する必要はありませんでした。 当時利用可能なツールを利用し、テスト中のWebページへのJavaScriptの注入に大きく依存して、ユーザーのインタラクションをエミュレートしました。\nJavaScriptは、DOMのプロパティを内観し、他の方法では実行できない特定のクライアント側の観察を行うことができる優れたツールですが、キーボードが使っているようなマウスとマウスの操作を自然に複製する機能には不十分です。\nそれ以来、Seleniumは多くの成長と成熟を遂げ、世界中のほとんどの大規模な組織ではなく、多くの人々が広く使用するツールになりました。 Seleniumは、ニッチな聴衆と特定のユースケースのためにThoughtworksで開発された自作のテスト自動化ツールキットから、世界の デファクト ブラウザ自動化ライブラリになりました。\nSelenium RCが当時利用可能な業界のツールを利用したように、Selenium WebDriverは、ブラウザインタラクションの部分をブラウザベンダーの本拠地に持ち込み、バックエンドのブラウザー対応実装の責任を取るよう依頼することにより、その伝統を推進しています。 最近、この作業は、SeleniumのWebDriverコンポーネントをユーザーエージェント用の 最新の リモートコントロールライブラリにすることを目標とするW3C標準化プロセスに進化しました。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Seleniumライブラリのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"最初にあなたの自動化プロジェクトにSeleniumのバインディングをインストールする必要があります。 インストールの方法は選択した言語によって異なります。\nJava JavaへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはMavenを使います。 プロジェクトのpom.xmlに selenium-java の依存関係を追加してください。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 依存関係は、Seleniumがサポートする全てのブラウザを自動化プロジェクトで実行できるようにします。 もし特定のブラウザだけでテストを実行したい場合は、そのブラウザの依存関係を pom.xml ファイルに追加することができます。 例えば、Firefoxのみでテストを実行するためには下記の依存関係を pom.xml ファイルに追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 同じように、Chromeのみでテストを実行するためには下記の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python PythonへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはpipを使います。\npip install selenium また、PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz)をダウンロードして、 setup.py でインストールすることもできます。\npython setup.py install C# C#へのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはNuGetを使います。\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby RubyへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはgemを使います。\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript JavaScriptへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはnpmを使います。\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/","title":"はじめる","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Getting started もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。\n クイックツアー  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/","title":"クイックツアー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは一つのツールやAPIではありません。たくさんのツールから構成されています。\nWebDriver デスクトップのウェブサイトのテスト自動化をはじめるのなら、WebDriver APIを使いましょう。 WebDriver はブラウザ自動化のAPIを使用します。このAPIは、ブラウザをコントロールしてテストを実行するためにブラウザベンダーによって提供されています。これは現実のユーザーがブラウザを操作するかのように動きます。 WebDriverのAPIはアプリケーションのコードと一緒にコンパイルする必要がありませんから、全く邪魔になりません。 これによって、あなたは本番環境と同じアプリケーションをテストすることができます。\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment: 統合開発環境)はSeleniumのテストケースを開発するためのツールです。 これは利用しやすいChromeとFirefoxの拡張機能であり、テストケースを開発するための一般に最も効率的なツールです。 IDEはあなたのブラウザ上で、その要素で定義されたパラメーターと共にSeleniumのコマンドを使いユーザーの動作を記録します。 これは時間の節約だけでなく、Seleniumスクリプトのシンタックスを学ぶための優れた方法です。\nGrid Selenium Grid を使用すると、さまざまなプラットフォームのさまざまなマシンでテストケースを実行できます。 テストケースの起動の制御はローカル端末で行われ、テストケースが起動されると、 リモート端末によって自動的に実行されます。\nWebDriverテストの開発後、複数のブラウザーとオペレーティングシステムの組み合わせでテストを実行する必要が出てくる場合があります。 ここで Grid が登場します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"グリッドのコンポーネント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ハブ  仲介者およびマネージャー テストを実行する要求を受け入れます クライアントから命令を受け取り、ノード上でリモートで実行します スレッドを管理します  ハブ は、すべてのテストが送信される中心点です。 各Selenium Gridは、ちょうど1つのハブで構成されます。 ハブは、それぞれのクライアント（CIサーバー、開発者マシンなど）から到達可能である必要があります。 ハブは、テストが委任される1つ以上のノードを接続します。\nノード  ブラウザが存在する場所 ハブに自分自身を登録し、その機能を伝えます ハブからリクエストを受信して実行します  ノード は、個々のコンピューターシステムでテストを実行するさまざまなSeleniumインスタンスです。 グリッドには多くのノードが存在する場合があります。 ノードであるマシンは、ハブまたは他のノードと同じプラットフォームであったり、同じブラウザーを選定する必要はありません。 Windows上のノードは、Internet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能を備えている場合がありますが、これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"グリッドのコンポーネント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  There are certain paragaraphs needs translation from English to Japanese. Do you speak Japanese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n ルーター ルーターがリクエストを正しいコンポーネントに転送します。\nこれはGridのエントリポイントであり、すべての外部リクエストはGridによって受信されます。 ルーターの動作は、リクエストによって異なります。 新しいセッション要求の場合、ルーターはそれをディストリビュータに転送します（新しいセッションの作成が処理されます）。 リクエストが既存のセッションに属している場合、ルーターはセッションIDをセッションマップに送信し、 セッションマップはセッションが実行されているノードを返します。 この後、ルーターはリクエストをノードに転送します。\nルーターは、プロセスで不要なコンポーネントをオーバーロードすることなく、 より適切に処理できるコンポーネントにリクエストを送信することにより、 Grid内の負荷のバランスをとることを目的としています。\nディストリビューター ディストリビューターは、すべてのノードとそのケイパビリティを認識しています。 その主な役割は、新しいセッション要求を受け取り、セッションを作成できる適切なノードを見つけることです。 セッションが作成されると、ディストリビューターは、 セッションIDとセッションが実行されているノードとの関係をセッションマップに格納します。\nノード ノードはGrid内に数回存在することができます。 各ノードは、それが実行されているマシンの利用可能なブラウザのスロットを管理します。\nノードは、イベントバスを介して自身をディストリビューターに登録し、その構成は登録メッセージの一部として送信されます。\nデフォルトでは、ノードは、実行されているマシンのパスで使用可能なすべてのブラウザードライバーを自動登録します。 また、ChromiumベースのブラウザーとFirefoxで使用可能なCPUごとに1つのスロットを作成します。 SafariおよびInternet Explorerの場合、作成されるスロットは1つだけです。 特定の構成を通じて、Dockerコンテナーでセッションを実行できます。 次のセクションで構成の詳細を確認できます。\nノードは受信したコマンドを実行するだけで、評価、判断、制御は行いません。 ノードが実行されているマシンは、他のコンポーネントと同じオペレーティングシステムを持つ必要はありません。 たとえば、WindowsノードにはInternet Explorerをブラウザーオプションとして提供する機能がありますが、 これはLinuxまたはMacでは不可能です。\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nNew Session Queuer, New Session Queue The New Session Queuer is the only component which can communicate with the New Session Queue. It handles all queue operations like add to manipulate the queue. It has configurable parameters for setting the request timeout and request retry interval.\nThe New Session Queuer receives the new session request from the Router and adds it to the queue. The queuer waits until it receives the response for the request. If the request times out, the request is rejected immediately and not added to the queue.\nUpon successfully adding the request to the queue, Event Bus triggers an event. The Distributor picks up this event and polls the queue. It now attempts to create a session.\nIf the requested capabilities do not exist in any of the registered Nodes, then the request is rejected immediately and the client receives a response.\nIf the requested capabilities match the capabilities of any of Node slots, Distributor attempts to get the available slot. If all the slots are busy, the Distributor will ask the queuer to add the request to the front of the queue. The Distributor receives the request again after the request retry interval. It will attempt retries until the request is successful or has timed out. If request times out while retrying or adding to the front of the queue its rejected.\nAfter getting an available slot and session creation, the Distributor passes the new session response to the New Session Queuer via the Event Bus. The New Session Queuer will respond to the client when it receives the event.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nGridの役割 Grid3では、コンポーネントはハブとノードであり、スタンドアロンモードでGridを起動することでそれらを一緒に実行することが可能でした。 同じ概念がGrid4でも利用可能であり、上記のコンポーネントのいくつかをグループ化することでハブを実行することが可能です。 また、スタンドアロンモードですべてのコンポーネントを一緒に実行することも可能です。\nハブ ハブは、次のコンポーネントの結合です。\n ルーター ディストリビューター セッションマップ イベントバス  従来のハブとノードのセットアップを可能にします。\nスタンドアロン 前述のように、スタンドアロンはすべてのコンポーネントの結合であり、ユーザーの目には、それらは1つのコンポーネントとして実行されます。 これには、ハブの一部であるすべてのコンポーネントと1つのノードが含まれます。 スタンドアロンモードで起動すると、1つの完全に機能するGridを使用できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"コンポーネントを理解する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverを使ってテストスイートを構築するには、多くの異なるコンポーネントを理解し、効率的に使用する必要があります。 ソフトウェアのすべてがそうであるように、人によっては同じ概念に異なる用語を使用します。 以下は、本説明での用語の使用方法の内訳です。\n用語  API: アプリケーション プログラミング インターフェイス。これはWebDriverを操作するために使用する\u0026quot;コマンド\u0026quot;をまとめたものです。 ライブラリ: APIとそれらを実装する必要なコードを含むコードモジュール。 ライブラリは各言語バインディング向けのものです。例 .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, など. ドライバー: 実際のブラウザを制御します。 ほとんどのドライバーはブラウザベンダー自身が作成します。ドライバーは一般的にブラウザ自体を備えたシステムで実行される実行可能モジュールであり、テストスイートを実行するシステムにはありません。（ただし、それらは同じシステムであっても構いません。）注: 一部の人々はドライバーをプロキシと呼んでいます。 フレームワーク: WebDriverスイートのサポートとして使用する追加ライブラリ。これらのフレームワークは、JUnitやNUnitなどのテストフレームワークです。また、CucumberまたはRobotiumといった自然言語機能をサポートするフレームワークでもあります。フレームワークは、テスト対象のシステムの操作や構成、データ作成、テストオラクルなどに記述、利用されます。  部品構成 最低限、WebDriverはドライバーを経由してブラウザーと通信します。 コミュニケーションは双方向です：WebDriverは、ドライバーを経由してブラウザーにコマンドを渡し、同じルートを経由して情報を受け取ります。\nドライバーは、ChromeDriver for GoogleのChrome/Chromium、MozillaのFirefox用GeckoDriverなどブラウザー固有のものです。 ドライバーはブラウザと同じシステムで動きます。これは、テスト自体を実行するところが同じシステムである場合とそうでない場合があります。\n上記の簡単な例は 直接 通信です。ブラウザへのコミュニケーションは、Selenium ServerまたはRemoteWebDriverを経由した リモート 通信もできます。RemoteWebDriverは、ドライバーおよびブラウザと同じシステムで実行されます。\nリモート通信は、ホストシステム上のドライバーと順に通信するSelenium ServerまたはSelenium Gridを使用して行うこともできます。\nどのフレームワークに適しているか WebDriverには1つのジョブしかありません:　上記の任意のメソッドを経由してブラウザと通信します。WebDriverはテストに関することを知りません:　WebDriverは物事を比較する方法、成功または失敗を確認する方法を知りません、そして、レポートや Given/When/Then 文法に関しても確実に知りません。\nここで、さまざまなフレームワークが登場します。 最低限必要なのは言語バインディングに一致するテストフレームワーク、例えば NUnit for .NET, JUnitfor Java, RSpec for Ruby などです。\nテストフレームワークは、WebDriverおよびテストの関連手順の実行を担当します。 それは下記図に似ていると考えることができます。\n上図でCucumberなどの自然言語のフレームワーク/ツールがテストフレームワークボックスの一部として存在する場合があります、またはテストフレームワークを独自の実装で完全に密閉する場合があります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"ブラウザ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一般のブラウザ Seleniumフレームワークは公式に以下のブラウザをサポートしています。\n   ブラウザ メンテナ サポートバージョン     Chrome Chromium 全てのバージョン   Firefox Mozilla 54 以上   Edge Microsoft 84 以上   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 以上   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 以上   Safari Apple 10 以上    専用のブラウザ それ以外に専用のブラウザがあります。これらは通常は開発環境で使用されます。 これらのブラウザを自動化の目的で使用することができます。 Seleniumは次の専用のブラウザをサポートしています。\n   ドライバー名 用途 メンテナ     HtmlUnitDriver Rhinoバックエンドのヘッドレスブラウザエミュレーター Seleniumプロジェクト    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"ページオブジェクトモデル","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ページオブジェクトは、テストメンテナンスを強化し、コードの重複を減らすためのテスト自動化で一般的になったデザインパターンです。 ページオブジェクトは、AUT（テスト対象アプリケーション）のページへのインターフェイスとして機能するオブジェクト指向クラスです。 テストは、そのページのUIと対話する必要があるときは常に、このページオブジェクトクラスのメソッドを使用します。 利点は、ページのUIが変更された場合、テスト自体を変更する必要はなく、ページオブジェクト内のコードのみを変更する必要があることです。 その後、その新しいUIをサポートするためのすべての変更は1か所に配置されます。\nページオブジェクトデザインパターンには、次の利点があります。\n テストコードと、ロケーター（またはUIマップを使用している場合はロケーター）、レイアウトなどのページ固有のコードを明確に分離します。 これらのサービスをテスト全体に分散させるのではなく、ページによって提供されるサービスまたは操作用の単一のリポジトリがあります。  どちらの場合でも、これにより、UIの変更により必要な変更をすべて1か所で行うことができます。 この'テストデザインパターン'が広く使用されるようになったため、この手法に関する有用な情報は多数のブログで見つけることができます。 詳細を知りたい読者には、このテーマに関するブログをインターネットで検索することをお勧めします。 多くの人がこの設計パターンについて書いており、このユーザーガイドの範囲を超えた有用なヒントを提供できます。 ただし、簡単に始めるために、ページオブジェクトを簡単な例で説明します。\n最初に、ページオブジェクトを使用しないテスト自動化の典型的な例を考えてみましょう。\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } このアプローチには2つの問題があります。\n テスト方法とAUTのロケーター（この例ではID）の間に区別はありません。 どちらも単一のメソッドで絡み合っています。 AUTのUIが識別子、レイアウト、またはログインの入力および処理方法を変更する場合、テスト自体を変更する必要があります。 IDロケーターは、このログインページを使用する必要があったすべてのテストで、複数のテストに分散されます。  ページオブジェクトの手法を適用すると、この例は、サインインページのページオブジェクトの次の例のように書き換えることができます。\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } そして、ホームページのページオブジェクトは次のようになります。\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } したがって、ログインテストでは、これら2つのページオブジェクトを次のように使用します。\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } ページオブジェクトの設計方法には多くの柔軟性がありますが、テストコードの望ましい保守性を得るための基本的なルールがいくつかあります。\nページオブジェクト自体は、検証やアサーションを行うべきではありません。 これはテストの一部であり、常にページオブジェクトではなく、テストのコード内にある必要があります。 ページオブジェクトには、ページの表現と、ページがメソッドを介して提供するサービスが含まれますが、テスト対象に関連するコードはページオブジェクト内に存在しないようにします。\nページオブジェクト内に存在する可能性のある単一の検証があります。 これは、ページおよびページ上の重要な要素が正しく読み込まれたことを検証するためのものです。 この検証は、ページオブジェクトをインスタンス化する間に実行する必要があります。 上記の例では、SignInPageコンストラクターとHomePageコンストラクターの両方が期待するページを取得し、テストからの要求に対応できることを確認します。\nページオブジェクトは、必ずしもページ全体を表す必要はありません。 ページオブジェクトデザインパターンは、ページ上のコンポーネントを表すために使用できます。 AUTのページに複数のコンポーネントがある場合、コンポーネントごとに個別のページオブジェクトがあると、保守性が向上する場合があります。\nまた、テストで使用できる他のデザインパターンがあります。 ページファクトリを使用してページオブジェクトをインスタンス化するものもあります。 これらすべてについて議論することは、このユーザーガイドの範囲を超えています。 ここでは、読者にできることのいくつかを認識させるための概念を紹介したいだけです。 前述のように、多くの人がこのトピックについてブログを書いていますし、読者がこれらのトピックに関するブログを検索することをお勧めします。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"二要素認証","tags":[],"description":"","content":"2FA として知られている2要素認証は、\u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo; 、 \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; などの\u0026quot;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; モバイルアプリを使用して、 またはSMS、電子メールで認証することにより、 ワンタイムパスワード（OTP）を生成する認証メカニズムです。 これをシームレスかつ一貫して自動化することは、Seleniumの大きな課題です。 このプロセスを自動化する方法はいくつかあります。 しかし、これはSeleniumテストの上にある別のレイヤーであり、また安全でもありません。 したがって、2FAの自動化を回避したほうがいいです。\n2FAチェックを回避するいくつかの選択肢があります。\n テスト環境で特定のユーザーの2FAを無効にして、 それらのユーザー資格情報を自動化で使用できるようにします。 テスト環境で2FAを無効にします。 特定のIPからログインする場合は、2FAを無効にします。 そうすれば、テストマシンのIPを設定してこれを回避できます。  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"共有Capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium WebDriverで新しいセッションを作成するには、ローカルエンドがリモートエンドに基本的なCapabilities（ブラウザの設定情報）を提供する必要があります。 リモートエンドは、一連の同じCapabilitiesを使用してセッションを作成し、現在のセッション機能を描きます。\nWebDriverは、各リモートエンドがCapabilitiesをサポートする/すべきCapabilitiesを提供します。 WebDriverがサポートするCapabilitiesは次のとおりです。\nbrowserName: このCapabilityは、特定のセッションの browserName を設定するために使います。 指定されたブラウザがリモートエンドにインストールされていない場合、セッションの作成は失敗します。\nbrowserVersion: このCapabilityはオプションです。 これは、リモートエンドで使用可能なブラウザーバージョンを設定するために使います。 たとえば、Chromeバージョン80のみがインストールされているシステムでバージョン75を要求すると、セッションの作成は失敗します。\nページロード戦略 URLを介して新しいページに移動する場合、デフォルトでは、Seleniumは応答する前にページが完全にロードされるまで待機します。 これは初心者には効果的ですが、多数のサードパーティリソースをロードするページで長い待ち時間を引き起こす可能性があります。 デフォルト以外の戦略を使用すると、このような場合にテストの実行を高速化できますが、ページの要素がロードされてサイズが変更されると、ページ上の要素の位置が変化する不安定さを引き起こします。\n次の表で説明するように、ページロード戦略は document.readyState を問い合わせます。\n   戦略 Ready State 注釈     normal complete デフォルトで使用され、すべてのリソースがダウンロードされるまで待機します   eager interactive DOMアクセスの準備はできていますが、画像などの他のリソースがまだ読み込まれている可能性があります   none Any WebDriverをまったくブロックしません    platformName これにより、リモートエンドのオペレーティングシステムが識別され、 platformName を取得するとOS名が返されます。\nクラウドベースのプロバイダーでは、 platformName を設定すると、リモートエンドのOSが設定されます。\nacceptInsecureCerts この機能は、セッション中のナビゲーション中に、期限切れ（または）無効な TLS証明書 が使用されているかどうかを確認します。\n機能が false に設定されている場合、ナビゲーションでドメイン証明書の問題が発生すると、 insecure certificate error が返されます。 true に設定すると、無効な証明書はブラウザーによって信頼されます。\nすべての自己署名証明書は、デフォルトでこの機能によって信頼されます。 一度設定すると、 acceptInsecureCerts Capabilityはセッション全体に影響します。\nSession timeouts WebDriverの セッション には特定の セッションタイムアウト 間隔が設定されており、 その間、ユーザーはスクリプトの実行またはブラウザーからの情報の取得の動作を制御できます。\n各セッションタイムアウトは、以下で説明するように、異なる タイムアウト の組み合わせで構成されます。\nScript Timeout: 現在のブラウジングコンテキストで実行中のスクリプトをいつ中断するかを指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 30,000 が課されます。\nPage Load Timeout: 現在のブラウジングコンテキストでWebページをロードする必要がある時間間隔を指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 300,000 が課されます。 ページの読み込みが指定/デフォルトの時間枠を制限する場合、スクリプトは　TimeoutException　によって停止されます。\nImplicit Wait Timeout これは、要素を検索するときに暗黙的な要素の検索戦略を待つ時間を指定します。 新しいセッションがWebDriverによって作成されると、デフォルトのタイムアウト 0 が課されます。\nunhandledPromptBehavior 現在のセッションの ユーザープロンプトハンドラー の状態を指定します。 デフォルトでは、 dismiss and notify (却下して通知する) 状態 となります。\nUser Prompt Handler これは、リモートエンドでユーザープロンプトが表示されたときに実行する必要があるアクションを定義します。 これは、 unhandledPromptBehavior Capabilityによって定義され、次の状態があります。\n dismiss (却下) accept (受入) dismiss and notify (却下して通知) accept and notify (受け入れて通知) ignore (無視)  setWindowRect このコマンドは、現在のブラウジングコンテキストウィンドウのサイズと位置を変更します。 このコマンドは、幅 、高さ、x、yを 任意 の引数として受け取る getWindowRect コマンドのセッターとして機能します。\n自動化中、現在のブラウジングコンテキストは、 ブラウザーウィンドウの可視状態を表すウィンドウ状態に関連付けられます。 ウィンドウ状態は、以下です。\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  幅 または 高さ を設定しても、結果のウィンドウサイズが要求されたものと 正確に一致することを保証しません。 これは、一部のドライバはシングルピクセル単位でサイズ変更できない場合があるからです。 このため、 getWindowRect でウィンドウの状態/詳細を取得しても、 ブラウザーに設定された値と等しく一致しない場合があります。\nstrictFileInteractability この新しいcapabilityは、厳密な相互作用チェックを input type = file 要素に適用する必要があるかどうかを示します。 厳密な相互作用チェックはデフォルトでオフになっているため、隠しファイルのアップロードコントロールで Element Send Keys を使用する場合の動作が変更されます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"構成ヘルプ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ヘルプコマンドは、現在のコード実装に基づいて情報を表示します。 したがって、ドキュメントが更新されない場合に備えて、正確な情報を提供します。 それは、新しいバージョンのグリッド4の構成について学習する最も簡単な方法です。\nInfo コマンド infoコマンドは、次のトピックに関する詳細なドキュメントを提供します。\n Seleniumの構成 セキュリティ セッションマップの設定 トレース  構成ヘルプ クイック設定のヘルプと概要は、以下を実行することで提供されます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config セキュリティ 安全な通信とノード登録のためのグリッドサーバーの設定の詳細を取得するには、以下を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security セッションマップの設定 デフォルトでは、グリッドはローカルセッションマップを使用してセッション情報を保存します。 グリッドは、RedisやJDBC-SQLがサポートするデータベースなどの追加のストレージオプションをサポートしています。 別のセッションストレージをセットアップするには、次のコマンドを使用してセットアップ手順を取得します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap OpenTelemetryとJaegerを使用したトレースの設定 デフォルトでは、トレースは有効になっています。 トレースをエクスポートしてJaeger経由で視覚化するには、次のコマンドを使用して手順を実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing SeleniumGridコマンドを一覧表示する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help 使用可能なすべてのコマンドとそれぞれの説明が表示されます。\nコンポーネントヘルプコマンド Seleniumロールの後に–help configオプションを渡して、コンポーネント固有の構成情報を取得します。\nスタンドアロン java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help ハブ java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help セッション java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help 新しいセッションキューラー java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help ディストリビューター java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help ルーター java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help ノード java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"目的と主な機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":" すべてのテストの中央エントリポイント ブラウザーが実行されるノード・環境の管理と制御 スケーリング テストを並列実行 クロスプラットフォームでのテスト 負荷分散  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"著作権と帰属","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumのドキュメント 著作権 \u0026copy; 2013-2021 Software Freedom Conservancy\nこのドキュメントをできるだけ完全かつ正確にするためにあらゆる努力が払われましたが、 保証または適合性は暗示されていません。 提供される情報は「現状のまま」です。 著者および出版社は、本書に含まれる情報から生じる損失または損害に関して、 いかなる個人または団体に対しても責任も責任も負わないものとします。 ここに含まれる情報の使用に関して、特許責任は一切負いません。\n帰属 Thanks to: Selenium メイン Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  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.ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @andreastt197 commits  @selenium-ci105 commits  @diemol54 commits  @hazmeister30 commits  @santiycr27 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @lukeis21 commits  @harsha50917 commits  @ddavison16 commits  @davehunt12 commits  @manoj978812 commits  @orieken12 commits  @djangofan12 commits  @liushilive8 commits  @User2534897 commits  @jimholmes6 commits  @imba-tjd6 commits  @mmerrell6 commits  @shs96c6 commits  @picimako5 commits  @vijay445 commits  @cambiph5 commits  @nvonop4 commits  @rivlinp4 commits  @sheg4 commits  @bizob28284 commits  @detro3 commits  @Ardesco3 commits  @TheTestLynx3 commits  @boris7792 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @juperala2 commits  @lmtierney2 commits  @systemboogie2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @sri852 commits  @hoanluu2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  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に著作権があります。\nライセンスは便宜上ここに含まれていますが、 Apache FoundationのWebサイトでも見つけることができます。\nApache License Version 2.0, 2004年1月 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項 1. 定義 「ライセンス」とは、このドキュメントの第1項から第9項までで定義している、 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項を指します。 「ライセンサー」とは、著作権所有者、あるいは著作権所有者が ライセンス付与対象として認めた者を指します。 「法人」とは、行為者と、行為者を管理するか行為者により管理されるか 行為者共通の管理下にある他のすべての者とから成る連合体を指します。 この定義における「管理」とは、 (i) 契約またはその他により、直接または間接的にこの法人の指揮・経営を行う権限、または (ii) この法人の50%以上の株式の所有権 または (iii) 受益所有権を有することを指します。 「あなた」とは、本ライセンスにより付与される権利を行使する個人または法人を指します。 「ソース」形式とは、ソフトウェアのソースコード、ドキュメントソース、 設定ファイルといった、変更を加えるのに好都合な形式を指します。 「オブジェクト」形式とは、コンパイルされたオブジェクトコード、生成されたドキュメント、 他のメディアへの変換物といった、ソース形式の機械的な変換により生じる形式を指します。 「成果物」とは、ソース形式であるとオブジェクト形式であるとを問わず、 製作物に挿入または添付される（後出の付録に例がある）著作権表示で示された著作物で、 本ライセンスに基づいて利用が許されるものを指します。 「派生成果物」とは、編集上の改訂、注解、推敲など、 成果物を基にしていて全体としてオリジナル著作物と呼べるような製作物全般を指します。 本ライセンスでは、成果物や派生成果物から分離できる製作物や、 成果物や派生成果物のインタフェースへの単なるリンク（または名前によるバインド）を、 派生成果物に含めません。 「コントリビューション」とは、成果物のオリジナルバージョンならびに成果物 または派生成果物への変更や追加も含めて、著作権所有者あるいは著作権所有者が認めた 個人または法人による成果物への組み込みを意図してライセンサーに提出される 著作物全般を指します。 この定義における「提出」とは、成果物を論じたり改良するためにライセンサー またはその代理者により管理される電子的メーリングリスト、ソースコード管理システム、 問題追跡システムといった、電子的方法、口頭、または書面で、 ライセンサーまたはその代理者に情報を送ることを指します。 ただし、著作権所有者が書面で「コントリビューションでない」と明示したものは除きます。 「コントリビューター」とは、ライセンサーおよびその代理を務める個人または法人で、 自分のコントリビューションがライセンサーに受領されて成果物に組み込まれた者を指します。 2. 著作権ライセンスの付与 本ライセンスの条項に従って、各コントリビューターはあなたに対し、 ソース形式であれオブジェクト形式であれ、成果物および派生成果物を複製したり、 派生成果物を作成したり、公に表示したり、公に実行したり、サブライセンスしたり、 頒布したりする、無期限で世界規模で非独占的で使用料無料で取り消し不能な 著作権ライセンスを付与します。 3. 特許ライセンスの付与 本ライセンスの条項に従って、各コントリビューターはあなたに対し、 成果物を作成したり、使用したり、販売したり、販売用に提供したり、 インポートしたり、その他の方法で移転したりする、 無期限で世界規模で非独占的で使用料無料で取り消し不能な （この項で明記したものは除く）特許ライセンスを付与します。 ただし、このようなライセンスは、コントリビューターによって ライセンス可能な特許申請のうち、当該コントリビューターのコントリビューションを 単独または該当する成果物と組み合わせて用いることで必然的に侵害されるものにのみ 適用されます。 あなたが誰かに対し、交差請求や反訴を含めて、 成果物あるいは成果物に組み込まれたコントリビューションが 直接または間接的な特許侵害に当たるとして特許訴訟を起こした場合、 本ライセンスに基づいてあなたに付与された特許ライセンスは、 そうした訴訟が正式に起こされた時点で終了するものとします。 4. 再頒布 あなたは、ソース形式であれオブジェクト形式であれ、変更の有無に関わらず、 以下の条件をすべて満たす限りにおいて、成果物またはその派生成果物のコピーを 複製したり頒布したりすることができます。 (a) 成果物または派生成果物の他の受領者に本ライセンスのコピーも渡すこと。 (b) 変更を加えたファイルについては、あなたが変更したということが よくわかるような告知を入れること。 (c) ソース形式の派生成果物を頒布する場合は、ソース形式の成果物に含まれている著作権、 特許、商標、および帰属についての告知を、派生成果物のどこにも関係しないものは除いて、 すべて派生成果物に入れること。 (d) 成果物の一部として「NOTICE」に相当するテキストファイルが含まれている場合は、 そうしたNOTICEファイルに含まれている帰属告知のコピーを、 派生成果物のどこにも関係しないものは除いて、頒布する派生成果物に入れること。 その際、次のうちの少なくとも1箇所に挿入すること。 (i) 派生成果物の一部として頒布するNOTICEテキストファイル、 (ii) ソース形式またはドキュメント（派生成果物と共にドキュメントを頒布する場合）、 (iii) 派生成果物によって生成される表示 （こうした第三者告知を盛り込むことが標準的なやり方になっている場合）。 NOTICEファイルの内容はあくまで情報伝達用であって、 本ライセンスを修正するものであってはなりません。 あなたは頒布する派生成果物に自分の帰属告知を （成果物からのNOTICEテキストに並べて、またはその付録として）追加できますが、 これはそうした追加の帰属告知が本ライセンスの修正と 解釈されるおそれがない場合に限られます。 あなたは自分の修正物に自らの著作権表示を追加することができ、 自分の修正物の使用、複製、または頒布について、あるいはそうした派生成果物の全体について、 付加的なライセンス条項または異なるライセンス条項を設けることができます。 ただし、これは成果物についてのあなたの使用、複製、および頒布が、 それ以外の点で本ライセンスの条項に従っている場合に限られます。 5. コントリビューションの提出 特に断りがない限り、あなたが成果物への組み込みを意図してライセンサーに 提出したコントリビューションは、付加的な条項がなければ、 本ライセンスの条項に従うものとします。 上述の規定にかかわらず、そうしたコントリビューションに関してあなたがライセンサーと 結んだかもしれない別のライセンス契約の条項を、ここで無効にしたり 修正したりすることはありません。 6. 商標 本ライセンスでは、成果物の出所を記述したりNOTICEファイルの内容を複製するときに 必要になる妥当で慣習的な使い方は別として、ライセンサーの商号、商標、サービスマーク、 または製品名の使用権を付与しません。 7. 保証の否認 適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 ライセンサーは成果物を（そしてコントリビューターは各自のコントリビューションを） 「現状のまま」提供するものとし、明示黙示を問わず、タイトル、非侵害性、 商業的な使用可能性、および特定の目的に対する適合性を含め、 いかなる保証も条件も提供しません。 あなたは成果物の使用や再頒布の適切性を自分で判断する責任を持つと共に、 本ライセンスにより付与される権利を行使することに伴うすべてのリスクを負うことになります。 8. 責任の制限 いかなる条件および法理論においても、不法行為（過失を含む）、契約、 またはその他いかなる場合でも、適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 コントリビューターは本ライセンスまたは成果物の使い方に関連して生じる直接損害、 間接損害、偶発的な損害、特別損害、懲罰的損害、または結果損害を含め、 営業権の損失、業務の停止、コンピューター障害または誤作動、 その他の商業上の損害や損失など、いかなる損害に対しても、 たとえそうした損害の可能性をたとえ知らされていたとしても、 あなたに責任を負わないものとします。 9. 保証または追加的責任の引き受け 成果物またはその派生成果物を再頒布する際、あなたはサポート、保証、損害補償、 またはその他の責任や、本ライセンスに矛盾しない権利を提示し、 これを有料にすることができます。 ただし、そうした責任を引き受ける場合、あなたはそれを自分自身のためにだけ 自己責任として行えるのであって、他のコントリビューターのために行うことはできません。 また、あなたはそうした保証や追加的責任のせいで他のコントリビューターに 責任が降りかかったり賠償要求が出されたとしても、それらのコントリビューターに 損害が及ぶのを防ぐと共に各コントリビューターの損害を補償することに同意しなければなりません。 使用、複製、および頒布に関する条項の終わり 付録： Apache Licenseの適用の仕方 あなたの製作物にApache Licenseを適用するときは、次の定型文を添付してください。 ただし、\u0026#34;[]\u0026#34;で囲まれている部分は、あなた自身の識別情報に置き換えてください （その際、角括弧は取り除きます）。 また、この文言を該当するファイル形式に合ったコメント構文で囲んでください。 さらに、第三者アーカイブ内での識別を容易にするため、 ファイル名またはクラス名ならびに趣旨説明が著作権表示と同じ「印刷ページ」に 現れるようにすることをお勧めします。 Copyright [yyyy] [著作権所有者の名前] Apache License Version 2.0（「本ライセンス」）に基づいてライセンスされます。 あなたがこのファイルを使用するためには、本ライセンスに従わなければなりません。 本ライセンスのコピーは下記の場所から入手できます。 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 適用される法律または書面での同意によって命じられない限り、 本ライセンスに基づいて頒布されるソフトウェアは、明示黙示を問わず、 いかなる保証も条件もなしに「現状のまま」頒布されます。 本ライセンスでの権利と制限を規定した文言については、本ライセンスを参照してください。 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"RCからWebDriverへの移行","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium WebDriverに移行する方法 Selenium 2を採用する際によくある質問は、「既存のテストセットに新しいテストを追加するときに正しいことは何ですか？」ということです。 フレームワークを初めて使用するユーザーは、新しいWebDriver APIを使用してテストを作成することから始めることができます。 しかし、既存のテストスイートを既に持っているユーザーはどうでしょうか？ このガイドは、既存のテストを新しいAPIに移行し、WebDriverが提供する新機能を使用してすべての新しいテストを作成する方法を示すことを目的としています。\nここで紹介する方法は、1回の大規模なプッシュですべてをやり直す必要のない、WebDriver APIへの断片的な移行について説明しています。 これは、既存のテストの移行により多くの時間を割り当てることができることを意味します。 これにより、どこに労力を費やすかを決定しやすくなります。\nこのガイドは、移行を行うための最良のサポートがあるため、Javaを使用して書かれています。 他の言語用のより優れたツールを提供するため、このガイドはそれらの言語を含むように拡張されます。\nWebDriverに移行する理由 一連のテストをあるAPIから別のAPIに移動するには、多大な労力が必要です。 なぜあなたとあなたのチームはこの動きを検討するのですか？ WebDriverを使用するためにSeleniumテストを移行することを検討する必要があるいくつかの理由を以下に示します。\n 小さくコンパクトなAPI。 WebDriverのAPIは、元のSelenium RC APIよりもオブジェクト指向です。 これにより、作業が容易になります。 ユーザー操作のより良いエミュレーション。 可能な場合、WebDriverはWebページと対話するためにネイティブイベントを使用します。 これは、ユーザーがサイトやアプリを操作する方法をより厳密に模倣しています。 さらに、WebDriverは、サイトとの複雑な相互作用をモデル化できる高度なユーザーインタラクションAPIを提供します。 ブラウザーベンダーによるサポート。 Opera、Mozilla、GoogleはすべてWebDriverの開発に積極的に参加しており、それぞれにフレームワークの改善に取り組んでいるエンジニアがいます。 多くの場合、これはWebDriverのサポートがブラウザー自体に組み込まれていることを意味します。 テストは可能な限り高速で安定して実行されます。  はじめる前に 移行プロセスを可能な限り簡単にするために、すべてのテストが最新のSeleniumリリースで正しく実行されることを確認してください。 これは当たり前のように聞こえるかもしれませんが、言ってもらうのが最善です！\nはじめに 移行を開始する最初の手順は、Seleniumのインスタンスの取得方法を変更することです。 Selenium RCを使用する場合、これは次のように行われます。\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); これは次のように置き換える必要があります。\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); 次のステップ テストがエラーなしで実行されたら、次の段階は実際のテストコードを移行してWebDriver APIを使用することです。 コードがどれだけ適切に抽象化されているかによって、これは短いプロセスまたは長いプロセスになります。 どちらの場合でも、アプローチは同じであり、簡単に要約できます。 編集するときに新しいAPIを使用するようにコードを変更します。\n基になるWebDriver実装をSeleniumインスタンスから抽出する必要がある場合は、WrapsDriverにキャストするだけです。\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); これにより、通常どおりSeleniumインスタンスの受け渡しを続けることができますが、必要に応じてWebDriverインスタンスのラップを解除できます。\nある時点で、コードベースは主に新しいAPIを使用します。 この時点で、WebDriverを使用して関係を反転し、オンデマンドでSeleniumインスタンスをインスタンス化できます。\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); 一般的な問題 幸いなことに、この移行を最初に行ったのはあなたではないので、他の人が経験した一般的な問題とその解決方法を以下に示します。\nクリックと入力がより完全に Selenium RCテストの一般的なパターンは、以下のとおりです。\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); これは、ユーザーがページと対話した場合に通常発生するすべてのイベントも発生せずに、\u0026ldquo;type\u0026quot;が識別された要素のコンテンツを単に置き換えるという事実に依存しています。 \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; の最後の直接呼び出しにより、JSハンドラーが期待どおりに起動します。\nWebDriverBackedSeleniumを使用する場合、フォームフィールドに入力した結果は \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo; になります。 期待したものではありません！ これは、WebDriverがユーザーの動作をより正確にエミュレートするため、ずっとイベントを発火させていたためです。\nこの同じ事実により、Selenium 1テストよりも早くページの読み込みが発生する場合があります。 \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026quot;がWebDriverによってスローされた場合、これが発生したことを確認できます。\nWaitForPageToLoadがすぐに戻る ページの読み込みが完了したことを発見するのは難しい仕事です。 \u0026ldquo;ロードイベントが発生したとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;すべてのAJAXリクエストが完了したとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;ネットワークトラフィックがないとき\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;document.readyStateが変更されたとき\u0026rdquo;、または他の全体的な何かを意味しますか？\nWebDriverは元のSeleniumの動作をシミュレートしようとしますが、これはさまざまな理由で常に完全に機能するとは限りません。 最も一般的な理由は、ページの読み込みがまだ開始されていないことと、ページ呼び出しがメソッド呼び出し間で完了したことの違いを見分けることが難しいことです。 これは、ページの読み込みが完了する前（または開始される前）に制御がテストに返されることを意味する場合があります。\nこれに対する解決策は、特定の何かを待つことです。 一般的に、これは次にやり取りしたい要素、または特定の値に設定されるJavascript変数のためのものです。 例えば、\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; は次のように実装されます。\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } これは複雑に見えるかもしれませんが、ほとんどすべての定型コードです。 唯一の興味深い点は、 \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; メソッドが \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; でもBoolean.FALSEでもないものを返すまで、 \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; が繰り返し評価されることです。\nもちろん、これらの \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; 呼び出しをすべて追加すると、コードが混乱する可能性があります。 その場合で、ニーズが単純な場合は、暗黙的な待機の使用を検討してください。\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); これにより、要素が見つかるたびに、要素が存在しない場合は、存在するか、30秒が経過するまで位置が再試行されます。\nXPathまたはCSSセレクターによる検索は常に機能するとは限りませんが、Selenium1では機能します Selenium 1では、xpathがブラウザ自体の機能ではなく、バンドルされたライブラリを使用するのが一般的でした。 代替手段がない限り、WebDriverは常にネイティブブラウザーメソッドを使用します。 つまり、一部のブラウザでは複雑なxpath式が壊れる場合があります。\nSelenium 1のCSSセレクターは、Sizzleライブラリを使用して実装されました。 これにより、CSS Selector仕様のスーパーセットが実装され、どこで境界を越えたかが常に明確になるとは限りません。 WebDriverBackedSeleniumを使用していて、要素の検索にCSSセレクターの代わりにSizzleロケーターを使用している場合、コンソールに警告が記録されます。 特に要素を見つけることができないためにテストが失敗する場合、これらを探すのに時間をかける価値があります。\nBrowserbotはありません Selenium RCはSelenium Coreに基づいていたため、Javascriptを実行すると、Selenium Coreの一部にアクセスして作業を簡単にすることができました。 WebDriverはSelenium Coreに基づいていないため、これは不可能です。 Selenium Coreを使用しているかどうかをどのように確認できますか？ シンプル！ \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; または同様の呼び出しが、評価されたJavascriptで \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; または \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; を使用しているかどうかを確認してください。\nbrowserbotを使用して、テストの現在のウィンドウまたはドキュメントへのハンドルを取得している可能性があります。 幸いなことに、WebDriverは常に現在のウィンドウのコンテキストでJSを評価するため、\u0026ldquo;ウィンドウ\u0026quot;または\u0026quot;ドキュメント\u0026quot;を直接使用できます。\nまたは、Browserbotを使用して要素を見つけることもできます。 WebDriverでは、これを行うためのイディオムは、最初に要素を見つけ、それを引数としてJavascriptに渡すことです。 従って、\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); このようになります。\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); 渡された \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; 変数が、JS標準の \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; 配列の最初の項目としてどのように表示されるかに注目してください。\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriverのJavascriptExecutorは、すべてのJSをラップし、匿名式として評価します。 これは、 \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; キーワードを使用する必要があることを意味します。\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); このようになります。\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"WebDriverバイナリのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"プロジェクトを実行し、ブラウザをコントロールするためにはブラウザ固有のWebDriverバイナリをインストールする必要があります。\n使用するブラウザがサポートするWebDriverバイナリをダウンロードして、 System PATHの通った場所に配置してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"グリッドを使用する場合","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一般的に、グリッドを使用する理由は2つあります。\n 複数のブラウザー、複数のバージョンのブラウザー、および異なるオペレーティングシステムで実行されているブラウザーに対してテストを実行するため。 テストスイートがテストがパスするのに完了するのにかかる時間を短縮するため。  グリッドは、複数のマシンを使用してテストを並行して実行することにより、テストパスの実行を高速化するために使用されます。 たとえば、100個のテストスイートがあり、それらのテストを実行するために4つの異なるマシン（VMまたは個別の物理マシン）をサポートするようにグリッドをセットアップした場合、テストスイートは単一のマシンでテストを連続して実行した場合と比較して（およそ）4分の1の時間で完了します。 大規模なテストスイート、および大量のデータ検証を実行するような長時間実行されるテストスイートの場合、これは大幅な時間の節約になります。 一部のテストスイートの実行には数時間かかる場合があります。 スイートの実行に費やす時間を増やすもう1つの理由は、開発者がAUTのコードをチェックインした後のテスト結果の所要時間を短縮することです。 アジャイルソフトウェア開発を実践しているソフトウェアチームは、一晩テストパスを一晩待つのではなく、できるだけ早くテストフィードバックを求めています。\nグリッドは、複数のランタイム環境、特に異なるブラウザーに対して同時に実行するテストをサポートするためにも使用されます。 たとえば、仮想マシンの\u0026quot;グリッド\u0026quot;は、テスト対象のアプリケーションがサポートする必要がある異なるブラウザーをサポートするようにセットアップできます。 したがって、マシン1にはInternet Explorer 8、マシン2、Internet Explorer 9、マシン3は最新のChrome、マシン4は最新のFirefoxを持っています。 テストスイートが実行されると、Selenium-Gridは各テストブラウザーの組み合わせを受け取り、必要なブラウザーに対して実行する各テストを割り当てます。\nさらに、すべて同じブラウザ、タイプ、およびバージョンのグリッドを持つことができます。 たとえば、それぞれがFirefox 70の3つのインスタンスを実行する4台のマシンのグリッドを持つことができ、利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスの\u0026quot;ある意味\u0026quot;での\u0026quot;サーバーファーム\u0026quot;を可能にします。 スイートが実行されると、各テストはグリッドに渡され、グリッドは次に利用可能なFirefoxインスタンスにテストを割り当てます。 この方法で、おそらく12のテストがすべて同時に並行して実行されるテストパスを取得し、テストパスの完了に必要な時間を大幅に短縮します。\nグリッドは非常に柔軟です。 これらの2つの例を組み合わせて、各ブラウザタイプとバージョンの複数のインスタンスを許可することができます。 このような構成では、迅速にテストがパスすることを完了するための並列実行と、複数のブラウザタイプおよびバージョンの同時サポートの両方が提供されます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"サードパーティのドライバとプラグイン","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumはプラグインを通して拡張することができます。ここにはサードパーティによって作られたいくつかのプラグインがあります。 独自のプラグインを作成する、またはリストする方法についてはドキュメントを参照してください。\nこれらのプラグインはSeleniumプロジェクトによってサポート、メンテナンス、主催、承認されているものではないことに注意してください。加えて、以下にリストされているプラグインは必ずしもApache License v.2.0によってライセンスされているわけではありません。 いくつかは他のフリーかつオープンソースのライセンス下で使用可能であり、他のいくつかはプロプライエタリなライセンスの下でのみ使用可能です。プラグインとその配布ライセンスに関するどんな質問も、それぞれの開発者に対して上げる必要があります。\n   ブラウザ 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー     Mozilla GeckoDriver 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー   Google Chrome Driver 最新版 変更履歴 イシュートラッカー   Opera 最新版 - イシュートラッカー   Microsoft Edge Driver 最新版 - イシュートラッカー   SafariDriver ビルトイン - イシュートラッカー    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"テスト自動化について","tags":[],"description":"","content":"まず、本当にブラウザを使用する必要があるかどうかを自問することから始めます。 ある時点で複雑なWebアプリケーションで作業している場合、おそらくブラウザを開いて実際にテストする必要があるでしょう。\nただし、Seleniumテストなどの機能的なエンドユーザーテストの実行には費用がかかります。 さらに、それらは通常、効果的に実行するために適切なインフラストラクチャを配置する必要があります。 単体テストなどのより軽量なテストアプローチを使用して、または下位レベルのアプローチを使用して、テストすることを実行できるかどうかを常に自問するのは良いルールです。\nWebブラウザーのテストビジネスに参加していることを確認し、Selenium環境でテストの記述を開始できるようになったら、通常は3つのステップを組み合わせて実行します。\n データを設定する 個別の一連のアクションを実行する 結果を評価する  これらの手順はできるだけ短くしてください。 ほとんどの場合、1つまたは2つの操作で十分です。 ブラウザの自動化は\u0026quot;不安定\u0026quot;であるという評判がありますが、実際には、ユーザーが頻繁に多くを求めることが多いためです。 後の章では、特にブラウザーとWebDriver間の競合状態を克服する方法に関する、テストでの断続的な問題を軽減するために使用できる手法に戻ります。\nテストを短くして、代替手段がまったくない場合にのみWebブラウザーを使用することで、不安定さを最小限にして多くのテストを実行できます。\nSeleniumテストの明確な利点は、ユーザーの観点から、バックエンドからフロントエンドまで、アプリケーションのすべてのコンポーネントをテストする固有の機能です。 つまり、機能テストは実行に費用がかかる可能性がありますが、同時にビジネスに不可欠な大規模な部分も含まれます。\nテスト要件 前述のように、Seleniumテストの実行には費用がかかる場合があります。 どの程度までテストを実行しているブラウザーに依存しますが、歴史的にブラウザーの動作は非常に多様であるため、多くの場合、複数のブラウザーに対するクロステストの目標として述べられてきました。\nSeleniumを使用すると、複数のオペレーティングシステム上の複数のブラウザーに対して同じ命令を実行できますが、すべての可能なブラウザー、それらの異なるバージョン、およびそれらが実行される多くのオペレーティングシステムの列挙はすぐに重要な作業になります。\n例から始めましょう ラリーは、ユーザーがカスタムユニコーンを注文できるWebサイトを作成しました。\n一般的なワークフロー（\u0026ldquo;ハッピーパス\u0026quot;と呼ぶ）は次のようなものです。\n アカウントを作成する ユニコーンを設定する ショッピングカートにユニコーンを追加します チェックアウトしてお支払い ユニコーンについてフィードバックを送る  これらのすべての操作を実行するために1つの壮大なSeleniumスクリプトを作成するのは魅力的です。 その誘惑に抵抗しましょう！ そうすると、\na）時間がかかる\nb）ページレンダリングのタイミングの問題に関する一般的な問題が発生する\nc）失敗した場合、簡潔で\u0026quot;一目瞭然\u0026quot;にならない、何がうまくいかなかったかを診断する方法がない\nというテストになります。\nこのシナリオをテストするための好ましい戦略は、一連の独立した迅速なテストに分割することです。 各テストには、1つの\u0026quot;理由\u0026quot;が存在します。\n2番目のステップであるユニコーンの構成をテストしたいと思います。 次のアクションを実行します。\n アカウントを作成する ユニコーンを設定する  これらの手順の残りをスキップしていることに注意してください。 この手順を完了した後、他の小さな個別のテストケースで残りのワークフローをテストします。\n開始するには、アカウントを作成する必要があります。 ここには、いくつかの選択があります。\n 既存のアカウントを使用しますか？ 新しいアカウントを作成しますか？ 設定を開始する前に考慮する必要があるそのようなユーザーの特別なプロパティはありますか？  この質問への回答方法に関係なく、テストの\u0026quot;データのセットアップ\u0026quot;部分の一部にすると解決します。 ラリーが、ユーザー（またはだれでも）がユーザーアカウントを作成および更新できるAPIを公開している場合は、それを使用してこの質問に回答してください。 可能であれば、資格情報を使用してログインできるユーザーが\u0026quot;手元に\u0026quot;いる場合にのみブラウザを起動します。\n各ワークフローの各テストがユーザーアカウントの作成から始まる場合、各テストの実行に何秒も追加されます。 APIの呼び出しとデータベースとの対話は、ブラウザを開いたり、適切なページに移動したり、フォームをクリックして送信されるのを待つなどの高価なプロセスを必要としない、迅速な\u0026quot;ヘッドレス\u0026quot;操作です。\n理想的には、1行のコードでこのセットアップフェーズに対処できます。 これは、ブラウザーが起動する前に実行されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     ご想像のとおり、 UserFactory を拡張して createAdminUser() や createUserWithPayment() などのメソッドを提供できます。 重要なのは、これらの2行のコードは、このテストの最終目的であるユニコーンの構成からあなたをそらすものではないということです。\nページオブジェクトモデルの込み入った事柄については、後の章で説明しますが、ここで概念を紹介します。\nテストは、サイトのページのコンテキスト内で、ユーザーの観点から実行されるアクションで構成される必要があります。 これらのページはオブジェクトとして保存され、Webページがどのように構成され、アクションがどのように実行されるかに関する特定の情報が含まれます。\nどんなユニコーンが欲しいですか？ ピンクが必要かもしれませんが、必ずしもそうではありません。 紫は最近非常に人気があります。 彼女はサングラスが必要ですか？ スタータトゥー？ これらの選択は困難ですが、テスターとしての最大の関心事です。 発送センターが適切なユニコーンを適切な人に送信することを確認する必要があります。\nこの段落では、ボタン、フィールド、ドロップダウン、ラジオボタン、またはWebフォームについては説明していません。 また、テストするべきではありません！ ユーザーが問題を解決しようとしているようにコードを書きたいと思います。 これを実行する1つの方法を次に示します（前の例から継続）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     ユニコーンの設定が完了したら、ステップ3に進んで、ユニコーンが実際に機能することを確認する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     テスターはまだこのコードでユニコーンについて話しているだけです。 ボタンもロケーターもブラウザーコントロールもありません。 ラリーが来週、Ruby-on-Railsが好きではなくなったと判断し、Fortranフロントエンドを使用して最新のHaskellバインディングでサイト全体を再実装することを決めた場合でも、アプリケーションを モデル化する この方法により、これらのテストレベルのコマンドを所定の位置に変えずに維持できます。\nページオブジェクトは、サイトの再設計に準拠するために若干のメンテナンスが必要になりますが、これらのテストは同じままです。 この基本的な設計を採用することで、可能な限りブラウザに面した最小限の手順でワークフローを進めていきたいと思うでしょう。 次のワークフローでは、ユニコーンをショッピングカートに追加します。 カートの状態が適切に維持されていることを確認するために、おそらくこのテストを何度も繰り返す必要があります。 開始する前に、カートに複数のユニコーンがありますか？ ショッピングカートには何個収容できますか？ 同じ名前や機能で複数作成すると、壊れますか？ 既存のものを保持するだけですか、それとも別のものを追加しますか？\nワークフローを移動するたびに、アカウントを作成し、ユーザーとしてログインし、ユニコーンを設定する必要を避けたいと考えています。 理想的には、APIまたはデータベースを介してアカウントを作成し、ユニコーンを事前設定できるようになります。 その後、ユーザーとしてログインし、きらめきを見つけてカートに追加するだけです。\n自動化するかしないか 自動化は常に有利ですか？ テストケースの自動化をいつ決定する必要がありますか？\nテストケースを自動化することは必ずしも有利ではありません。 手動テストがより適切な場合があります。 たとえば、近い将来にアプリケーションのユーザーインターフェースが大幅に変更される場合は、自動化を書き換える必要があるかもしれません。 また、テストの自動化を構築する時間が足りない場合もあります。 短期的には、手動テストの方が効果的です。 アプリケーションの期限が非常に厳しい場合、現在利用できるテストの自動化はなく、その期間内にテストを実施することが不可欠です。 手動テストが最適なソリューションです。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"ドメイン固有言語（DSL）","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ドメイン固有言語（DSL）は、問題を解決するための表現手段をユーザーに提供するシステムです。 それによって、ユーザーは、プログラマーの言葉でなく、自分の言葉でシステムとやりとりすることができます。\n通常、ユーザーはサイトの外観を気にしません。 装飾、アニメーション、グラフィックスは気にしません。 彼らはあなたのシステムを使用して、新しい従業員を最小限の難しさでプロセスに押し込みたいと考えています。 彼らはアラスカへの旅行を予約したい。 ユニコーンを設定して割引価格で購入したいのです。 テスターとしてのあなたの仕事は、この考え方を\u0026quot;とらえる\u0026quot;ことにできるだけ近づくことです。 それを念頭に置いて、テストスクリプト（ユーザーの唯一のプレリリースの代理人）がユーザーを\u0026quot;代弁し\u0026rdquo;、表現するように、作業中のアプリケーションの\u0026quot;モデリング\u0026quot;に取り掛かります。\nSeleniumでは、DSLは通常、APIをシンプルで読みやすいように記述したメソッドで表されます。 開発者と利害関係者（ユーザー、製品所有者、ビジネスインテリジェンススペシャリストなど）との伝達が可能になります。\n利点  Readable: ビジネス関係者はそれを理解できます。 Writable: 書きやすく、不要な重複を避けます。 Extensible: 機能は（合理的に）契約と既存の機能を壊すことなく追加できます。 Maintainable: 実装の詳細をテストケースから除外することにより、AUT* の変更に対して十分に隔離されます。  Java Javaの妥当なDSLメソッドの例を次に示します。 簡潔にするために、driverオブジェクトが事前に定義されており、メソッドで使用可能であることを前提としています。\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } このメソッドは、テストコードから入力フィールド、ボタン、クリック、さらにはページの概念を完全に抽象化します。 このアプローチを使用すると、テスターはこのメソッドを呼び出すだけで済みます。 これにより、メンテナンスの利点が得られます。 ログインフィールドが変更された場合、テストではなく、このメソッドを変更するだけで済みます。\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } 繰り返しになります。 主な目標の1つは、 テストが UIの問題ではなく、手元の問題 に対処できるAPIを作成することです。 UIはユーザーにとって二次的な関心事です。ユーザーはUIを気にせず、ただ仕事をやりたいだけです。 テストスクリプトは、ユーザーがやりたいことと知りたいことの長々としたリストのように読む必要があります。 テストでは、UIがどのようにそれを実行するように要求するかについて、気にするべきではありません。\n*AUT: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"ドライバー固有の機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox FirefoxOptions を使用してCapabilitiesを定義する FirefoxOptions は、Firefoxブラウザの機能を定義する新しい方法であり、通常はDesiredCapabilitiesよりも優先して使用する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     カスタムプロファイルを設定する 以下に示すように、Firefoxのカスタムプロファイルを作成することができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout 環境によっては、ファイルアップロードダイアログを開くときにInternet Explorerがタイムアウトする場合があります。 IEDriverのデフォルトのタイムアウトは1000ミリ秒ですが、fileUploadDialogTimeout capabilityを使用してタイムアウトを増やすことができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession この機能を true に設定すると、手動またはドライバーによって開始されたものを含め、 InternetExplorerの実行中のすべてのインスタンスのキャッシュ、ブラウザー履歴、およびCookieがクリアされます。 デフォルトでは、false に設定されています。\nこの機能を使用すると、ドライバーがIEブラウザーを起動する前にキャッシュがクリアされるまで待機するため、 ブラウザーの起動中にパフォーマンスが低下します。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorerドライバーは、ブラウザーのズームレベルが100％であることを想定しています。 それ以外の場合、ドライバーは例外をスローします。 このデフォルトの動作は、 ignoreZoomSetting を true に設定することで無効にできます。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings 新しいIEセッションの起動中に 保護モード チェックをスキップするかどうか。\n設定されておらず、 保護モード 設定がすべてのゾーンで同じでない場合、 ドライバーによって例外がスローされます。\nケイパビリティを true に設定すると、テストが不安定になったり、応答しなくなったり、 ブラウザがハングしたりする場合があります。 ただし、これはまだ2番目に良い選択であり、最初の選択は 常に 各ゾーンの保護モード設定を手動で実際に設定することです。 ユーザーがこのプロパティを使用している場合、「ベストエフォート」のみがサポートされます。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent true に設定すると、このケイパビリティはIEDriverServerの診断出力を抑制します。\nこのケイパビリティは、ブール値をパラメーターとして受け入れます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorerには、ブラウザーのトラブルシューティングと構成を可能にするいくつかのコマンドラインオプションが含まれています。\n次に、サポートされているいくつかのコマンドラインオプションについて説明します。\n  -private : IEをプライベートブラウジングモードで起動するために使用されます。 これはIE 8以降のバージョンで機能します。\n  -k : Internet Explorerをキオスクモードで起動します。 ブラウザは、アドレスバー、ナビゲーションボタン、またはステータスバーを表示しない最大化されたウィンドウで開きます。\n  -extoff : アドオンなしモードでIEを起動します。 このオプションは、ブラウザーのアドオンに関する問題のトラブルシューティングに特に使用されます。 IE 7以降のバージョンで動作します。\n  注：コマンドライン引数が機能するためには、 forceCreateProcessApi を順番に有効にする必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps); } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi CreateProcess APIを使用してInternet Explorerを強制的に起動します。 デフォルト値はfalseです。\nIE 8以降の場合、このオプションでは \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; レジストリの値を0に設定する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"ドライバー要件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"SeleniumはWebDriverを経由して、Chrom(ium)、Firefox、Internet Explorer、Opera、Safariなど、市場のすべての主要なブラウザーをサポートします。 すべてのブラウザーがリモートコントロールを公式にサポートしているわけではありませんが、可能であれば、ブラウザーの自動化のビルトインサポートを使用して、WebDriverはブラウザーを動かします。\nWebDriverの目的は、できるだけブラウザーに近づけて実際のユーザーのインタラクションを模倣することです。 これは、ブラウザーによって異なる水準となる可能性があります。 さまざまなドライバーの特異性の詳細については、 ドライバーの特異性 をご覧ください。\nブラウザーを制御するためすべてのドライバーが単一のユーザー向けインターフェイスを共有している場合でも、 ブラウザーのセッションを設定する方法が少し異なります。 ドライバーの実装の多くはサードパーティによって提供されているため、 標準のSeleniumディストリビューションには含まれていません。\nドライバーのインスタンス化、プロファイル管理、およびブラウザー固有のさまざまな設定は、ブラウザーに応じて異なる要件を持つパラメーターの例です。 このセクションでは、さまざまなブラウザーを使い始めるための基本的な要件について説明します。\n実行可能ファイルをパスに追加する ほとんどのドライバーでは、ブラウザーと通信するためにSeleniumの追加の実行可能ファイルが必要です。 WebDriverを起動する前に実行可能ファイルの場所を手動で指定できますが、これによりテストの移植性が低下します。 実行可能ファイルはすべてのマシンの同じ場所にあるか、テストコードリポジトリに含まれている必要があるためです。\nWebDriverのバイナリを含むフォルダーをシステムのパスに追加することで、Seleniumはドライバーの正確な場所を見つけるためにテストコードを要求することなく、追加のバイナリを見つけることができます。\n 実行可能ファイルを配置するディレクトリをこのように作成します。 C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin PATHにディレクトリを追加します。  Windows - 管理者権限でコマンドプロンプトを開いて 次のコマンドを実行して、マシン上のすべてのユーザー向けにディレクトリをPATHに永続的に追加します。    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  macOS、Linux で bashを使う場合は、terminalを開いて次のコマンドを実行します。  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   これで、変更をテストする準備ができました。 開いているすべてのコマンドプロンプトを閉じて、新しいプロンプトを開きます。 前の手順で作成したフォルダー内のバイナリのいずれかの名前を入力します。例：\nchromedriver   PATHが正しく設定されている場合、ドライバーの起動に関連する出力が表示されます。\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Ctrl + C を押すと、コマンドプロンプトの制御を取り戻すことができます。\nクイックリファレンス    ブラウザー サポートOS メンテナ ダウンロード イシュートラッカー     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project ダウンロード イシュートラッカー   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple ビルトイン イシュートラッカー   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera ダウンロード イシュートラッカー    Chromium/Chrome Chrome または Chromium を動かす場合、chromedriver をダウンロードして、システムパスのフォルダに置いてください。\nLinuxまたはmacOSでは、これは PATH 環境変数を変更することを意味します。 次のコマンドを実行すると、コロンで区切られたディレクトリがシステムのパスを構成していることがわかります。\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin まだパスを追加していない場合にchromedriverをパスに含めるには、chromedriverバイナリの親ディレクトリを必ず含めてください。 次の行は、 PATH 環境変数の現在のコンテンツに加えて、コロンの後に追加のパスを設定します。\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; パス上でchromedriverが使用可能な場合、任意のディレクトリから_chromedriver_実行可能ファイルを実行できるはずです。\nChrome / Chromiumセッションをインスタンス化するには、次のとおり。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     chromedriver実行可能ファイルへのパスを設定する必要があることに注意してください。 これは、次の行を使えば可能です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriverは、Chromeの内部自動化プロキシインターフェイスを公開することにより、ブラウザーに処理を指示するWebDriverリモートサーバーとして実装されています。\nFirefox Selenium 3以降、MozillaはFirefoxドライバーの実装である geckodriver を引き継ぎました。 Firefox用の新しいドライバーはgeckodriverと呼ばれ、Firefox 48以降で動作します。 Firefox WebDriverは開発中であるため、Firefoxバージョンが新しいほどサポートが向上します。\ngeckodriverはFirefoxを起動する新しいデフォルトの方法であるため、 Selenium 2と同じ方法でFirefoxをインスタンス化できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     PATHを使用してgeckodriverの場所を設定しない場合は、 geckodriverバイナリの場所をプログラムで設定します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     実行時にプロパティを設定することも可能です。\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Firefox 47.0.1 または 45 ESR をインストール、および marionette の必要な機能を false として指定することにより、多くの機能が完了した古いFirefoxドライバーに戻すことが可能です。 以降のFirefoxのリリースには互換性がありません。\nEdge Edgeは、Microsoftの最新のブラウザーで、Windows 10およびServer 2016に含まれています。 Edgeの更新は、主要なWindowsUpdateプログラムにバンドルされているため、現在インストールされているWindowsビルドのビルド番号に一致するバイナリをダウンロードする必要があります。 Edge Developer サイトには、利用可能なすべてのバイナリへのリンクが含まれています。 EdgeDriverの実装に対するバグは、Microsoftに起票する可能性があります。 Edgeに対してテストを実行したいがWindows 10を実行していない場合、MicrosoftはEdge Edge Developer サイトでテスター向けに無料のVMを提供しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Edgeドライバーがパスに存在しない場合、次の行を使用してパスを設定できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorerは、Windows 10まではMicrosoftのデフォルトのブラウザーでしたが、Windows 10にはまだ含まれています。 Internet ExplorerドライバーはSeleniumプロジェクトは、同じリリースのMicrosoftの現在の考慮をサポートすることを目指す唯一のドライバーです。 古いリリースは動作する可能性がありますが、サポートされません。\nSeleniumプロジェクトはInternet Explorerの32ビット版と64ビット版の両方のバイナリを提供しますが、64ビットドライバーを使用するInternet Explorer 10および11にはいくつかの制限がありますが、32ビットドライバーの使うことでうまく機能します。 ログインしたユーザーのアカウントに対してInternet Explorerの設定が保存されるため、追加の設定が必要になることに注意してください。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Internet Explorerドライバーがパスに存在しない場合、次の行を使用してパスを設定できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoftは、Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1上のInternet Explorer 11用のWebDriverバイナリも提供しています。 2014年以降更新されておらず、W3仕様のドラフトバージョンに基づいています。 ジム エバンスは、Microsoftの実装に関する優れた記事を持っています。\nOpera Operaの現在のリリースはChromiumエンジンの上に構築されており、WebDriverはPATHに追加したりシステムプロパティとして追加したりできるクローズドソースのOpera Chromium Driverを介してサポートされるようになりました。\nドライバーセッションのインスタンス化は、FirefoxとChromiumに似ています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra 以降 :\n まず端末から次のコマンドを実行し、プロンプトでパスワードを入力してWebDriverを認証します  safaridriver --enable El Capitan と Sierra :\n Safariの設定から開発メニューを有効にします 開発メニューから リモート オートメーションを許可 オプションをオンにします まずターミナルから次のコマンドを実行し、プロンプトでパスワードを入力してWebDriverを認証します  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ その後、次を使用してドライバーセッションを開始できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     iOSでSafariを自動化する場合は、Appium projectをご覧ください。 Safariは以前はWindowsで利用可能でしたが、Appleは長い間サポートを終了しており、テストプラットフォームの選択肢としては不適切です。\nモック ブラウザー HtmlUnit HtmlUnitは \u0026ldquo;Javaプログラム用のGUIレスブラウザー\u0026rdquo; です。 HTMLドキュメントをモデル化し、ページの呼び出し、フォームへの入力、リンクのクリックなどを可能にするAPIを提供します。 JavaScriptをサポートしており、AJAXライブラリを使用して、使用する設定に応じてChrome、Firefox、またはInternet Explorerをシミュレートできます。 新しい場所に移動しました。 ソースはsvnで管理されています。\nPhantomJS PhantomJSは、Google ChromeまたはSafariで使用されているバージョンよりもはるかに古いバージョンですが、Webkitベースのヘッドレスブラウザーです。 歴史的に人気のある選択肢でしたが、今ではPhantomJSを避ける​​のが賢明です。 プロジェクトは8月5日以降メンテナンスされていないため、Webの変更は継続されますが、PhantomJSは更新されません。これは、GoogleがChromeをヘッドレスで実行する機能を発表した後のことで、MozillaのFirefoxでも提供されています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"ファイルダウンロード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumの管理下にあるブラウザーでリンクをクリックしてダウンロードを開始することは可能ですが、APIはダウンロードの進行状況を公開しないため、ダウンロードしたファイルのテストには理想的ではありません。 これは、ファイルのダウンロードは、Webプラットフォームとのユーザーインタラクションをエミュレートする重要な側面とは見なされないためです。 代わりに、Selenium（および必要なCookie）を使用してリンクを見つけ、 libcurl などのHTTPリクエストライブラリに渡します。\nHtmlUnitドライバーは、 AttachmentHandler インターフェイスを実装することで、 入力ストリームとして添付ファイルにアクセスすることによって、添付ファイルをダウンロードできます。 AttachmentHandlerは、HtmlUnit に追加できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"リモートWebDriverクライアント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"リモートWebDriverクライアントを実行するには、まずRemoteWebDriverに接続する必要があります。 これを行うには、テストを実行しているサーバーのアドレスをURLに指定します。 設定をカスタマイズするために、desired capabilitiesを設定します。 以下は、Firefoxでテストを実行しているリモートWebサーバー www.example.com を指定してリモートWebDriverオブジェクトをインスタンス化する例です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     テスト設定をさらにカスタマイズするために、他のdesired capabilitiesを追加できます。\nブラウザーオプション 例えば、Chromeバージョン67を使用して、Windows XPでChromeを実行する場合は、このようになるかと思います。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     ローカルファイルDetector ローカルファイルDetectorを使用すると、クライアントマシンからリモートサーバーにファイルを転送できます。 例えば、テストでファイルをWebアプリケーションにアップロードする必要がある場合、リモートWebDriverは実行時にローカルマシンからリモートWebサーバーにファイルを自動的に転送できます。 これにより、テストを実行しているリモートマシンからファイルをアップロードできます。 デフォルトでは有効になっておらず、次の方法で有効にできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     上記のコードを定義したら、次の方法でテストにファイルをアップロードできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     クライアントのリクエストをトレースする この機能は、Java クライアント バインディング (ベータ版以降) でのみ利用できます。 Remote WebDriver クライアントは Selenium Grid サーバーにリクエストを送信し、 Selenium Grid サーバーはリクエストを WebDriver に渡します。 HTTP リクエストをエンド ツー エンドでトレースするには、サーバー側とクライアント側でトレースを有効にする必要があります。 両端には、視覚化フレームワークを指すトレース エクスポーターのセットアップが必要です。 デフォルトでは、トレースはクライアントとサーバーの両方で有効になっています。 視覚化フレームワークの Jaeger UI と Selenium Grid 4 を設定するには、目的のバージョンの トレースのセットアップ を参照してください。\nクライアント側のセットアップについては、以下の手順に従ってください。\nBeta 1 必要な依存関係を追加する トレーシング エクスポーターの外部ライブラリのインストールは、Maven を使って実行できます。 プロジェクト pom.xml に opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger および grpc-netty の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; クライアントの実行中に必要なシステムプロパティを追加/渡す Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards 必要な依存関係を追加する トレーシング エクスポーターの外部ライブラリのインストールは、Maven を使って実行できます。 プロジェクト pom.xml に opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger および grpc-netty の依存関係を追加します。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; クライアントの実行中に必要なシステムプロパティを追加/渡す Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     ご希望のSeleniumのバージョンに必要な外部依存関係のバージョンの詳細については、 トレースのセットアップ を参照してください。\n詳細については、下記URLを参照してください。\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid 可観測性  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"可観測性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"目次  Selenium Grid 可観測性  分散トレース イベントログ   グリッドの可観測性  トレースの視覚化 イベントログの活用   参考文献  Selenium Grid グリッドは、さまざまなブラウザーとオペレーティングシステムの組み合わせでテストを実行することにより、テストのスケーリングと割り当てを支援します。\n可観測性 可観測性には、トレース、メトリック、ログの3つの柱があります。 Selenium Grid 4は完全に分散されるように設計されているため、可観測性により、内部の理解とデバッグが容易になります。\n分散トレース 1つのリクエストまたはトランザクションは、複数のサービスとコンポーネントにまたがっています。 トレースは、各サービスがリクエストを実行するときにリクエストのライフサイクルを追跡します。 エラーシナリオでのデバッグに役立ちます。 トレースコンテキストで使用されるいくつかの重要な用語は次のとおりです。\nトレース トレースを使用すると、発信元から最終的な宛先まで、複数のサービスを介してリクエストをトレースできます。 このリクエストの過程は、デバッグ、エンドツーエンドフローの監視、および障害の特定に役立ちます。 トレースは、エンドツーエンドのリクエストフローを示しています。 各トレースには、識別子として一意のIDがあります。\nスパン 各トレースは、スパンと呼ばれる時限操作で構成されています。 スパンには開始時刻と終了時刻があり、サービスによって実行される操作を表します。 スパンの粒度は、計測方法によって異なります。 各スパンには一意の識別子があります。 トレース内のすべてのスパンは同じトレースIDを持ちます。\nスパン属性 スパン属性は、各スパンに関する追加情報を提供するキーと値のペアです。\nイベント イベントは、スパン内のタイムスタンプ付きログです。 それらは、既存のスパンに追加のコンテキストを提供します。 イベントには、イベント属性としてキーと値のペアも含まれます。\nイベントログ アプリケーションをデバッグするには、ロギングが不可欠です。 ロギングは、多くの場合、人間が読める形式で行われます。 ただし、マシンがログを検索および分析するには、明確に定義された形式である必要があります。 構造化ロギングは、ログを固定形式で一貫して記録する一般的な方法です。 通常、次のようなフィールドが含まれます。\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (これはさらに、ログが記録された操作に関連するフィールドに分類されます)  ログとイベントは密接に関連しています。 イベントは、単一の作業単位を実行するために利用可能なすべての可能な情報をカプセル化します。 ログは基本的にイベントのサブセットです。 重要なのは、どちらもデバッグに役立つことです。 詳細については、次のリソースを参照してください。\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  グリッドの可観測性 Seleniumサーバーには、OpenTelemetryを使用したトレースが装備されています。 サーバーへのすべての要求は、最初から最後まで追跡されます。 各トレースは、サーバー内で要求が実行されるときの一連のスパンで構成されます。 Seleniumサーバーのほとんどのスパンは、次の2つのイベントで構成されています。\n Normal event - 作業単位に関するすべての情報を記録し、作業が正常に完了したことを示します。 Error event - エラーが発生するまですべての情報を記録してから、エラー情報を記録します。 例外イベントを記録します。  Seleniumサーバーの実行\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  トレースの視覚化 すべてのスパン、イベント、およびそれぞれの属性は、トレースの一部です。 トレースは、上記のすべてのモードでサーバーを実行しているときに機能します。\nデフォルトでは、トレースはSeleniumサーバーで有効になっています。 Seleniumサーバーは2つのエクスポーターを介してトレースをエクスポートします。\n コンソール - すべてのトレースとそれに含まれるスパンをFINEレベルでログに記録します。 デフォルトでは、SeleniumサーバーはINFOレベル以上でログを印刷します。 ログレベル フラグを使用して、Selenium Grid jar/sの実行中に選択したログレベルを渡すことができます。  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetryは、コード内のトレースを計測するためのAPIとSDKを提供します。 Jaegerはトレースバックエンドですが、トレーステレメトリデータの収集と、データのクエリ、フィルタリング、および視覚化機能の提供を支援します。  Jaeger UIを使用してトレースを視覚化する詳細な手順は、次のコマンドを実行することで取得できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing サーバーを実行してトレースをJaegerに送信するための非常に良い例とスクリプト\nイベントログの活用 トレースをエクスポートして視覚化したくない場合でも、イベントログに対してトレースを有効にする必要があります。 デフォルトでは、トレースは有効になっています。 コンソールでログを表示するために、追加のパラメーターを渡す必要はありません。 スパン内のすべてのイベントは、FINEレベルでログに記録されます。 エラーイベントはWARNレベルでログに記録されます。\nすべてのイベントログには次のフィールドがあります。\n   フィールド フィールド値 説明     Event time eventId エポックナノ秒単位のイベントレコードのタイムスタンプ   Trace Id tracedId 各トレースは、トレースIDによって一意に識別されます。   Span Id spanId トレース内の各スパンは、スパンIDによって一意に識別されます。   Span Kind spanKind スパンの種類は、スパンのタイプを示すスパンのプロパティです。 それは、スパンによって実行される作業単位の性質を理解するのに役立ちます。   Event name eventName これはログメッセージにマップされます。   Event attributes eventAttributes これは、実行された操作に基づいてイベントログの核心を形成し、JSON形式のキーと値のペアを持ちます。 これには、ロガークラスを表示するためのハンドラークラス属性も含まれます。    サンプルログ\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  上記のフィールドに加えて、 [OpenTelemetryの仕様] に基づくエラーログは、次のとおりです。\n   フィールド フィールド値 説明     Exception type exception.type 例外クラス名   Exception message exception.message 例外の理由   Exception stacktrace exception.stacktrace 例外がスローされた時点での呼び出しスタックを出力します。 例外の原因を理解するのに役立ちます。    サンプルエラーログ\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  注：ログは読みやすくするために上にきれいに印刷されています。 Seleniumサーバーでは、ログのプリティプリントがオフになっています。\n上記の手順で、トレースとログを表示できるように設定する必要があります。\n参考文献  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"独自のグリッドを設定する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium Gridを使用するには、ノード用の独自のインフラストラクチャを維持する必要があります。 これは面倒で時間のかかる作業になる可能性があるため、多くの組織はこのインフラストラクチャを提供するためにAmazon EC2やGoogle ComputeなどのIaaSプロバイダーを使用しています。\n他の選択肢として、クラウドのサービスとしてSelenium Gridを提供するSauce LabsやTesting Botなどのプロバイダーの使うこともできます。 独自のハードウェアでノードを実行することも確かに可能です。 この章では、独自のノードインフラストラクチャを備えた独自のグリッドを実行するオプションについて詳しく説明します。\nクイックスタート この例では、Selenium 2グリッドハブを起動し、WebDriverノードとSelenium 1 RCレガシーノードの両方を登録する方法を示します。 また、Javaからグリッドを呼び出す方法も示します。 ここでは、ハブとノードが同じマシンで実行されていますが、もちろん、selenium-server-standaloneを複数のマシンにコピーできます。\nselenium-server-standaloneパッケージには、グリッドの実行に必要なハブ、WebDriver、およびレガシーRCが含まれています。 ant はもう必要ありません。 selenium-server-standalone.jarは https://selenium.dev/downloads/ からダウンロードできます。\nステップ1：ハブを開始する ハブは、テストリクエストを受信し、それらを適切なノードに配布する中心点です。 配布は機能ベースで行われます。 つまり、一連の機能を必要とするテストは、その機能セットまたは機能のサブセットを提供するノードにのみ配布されます。\nテストのDesiredCapabilitiesは、 任意の を意味するため、ハブはDesiredCapabilitiesの設定に完全に一致するノードを見つけることを保証できません。\nコマンドプロンプトを開き、selenium-server-standalone.jarファイルをコピーしたディレクトリに移動します。 ハブを起動するには、-role hubフラグをスタンドアロンサーバーに渡します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub ハブはデフォルトでポート4444をリッスンします。 ブラウザーウィンドウを開いて http://localhost:4444/grid/console に移動すると、ハブのステータスを表示できます。\nデフォルトのポートを変更するには、コマンドを実行するときにリッスンするポートを表す整数を持つオプションの -port フラグを追加できます。 また、JSON構成ファイル（以下を参照）に表示される他のすべてのオプションは、可能なコマンドラインフラグです。\n確かに上記の簡単なコマンドだけでうまくいくことができますが、より高度な構成が必要な場合は、JSON形式の構成ファイルを指定して、開始時にハブを構成することもできます。 JSON形式の構成ファイルを指定して開始時にハブを構成する方法は以下のとおりです。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug 以下に、 hubConfig.json ファイルの例を示します。 ステップ2でノード構成ファイルを提供する方法について詳しく説明します。\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} ステップ2：ノードを起動する 新しいWebDriver機能を備えたグリッドを実行するか、Selenium 1 RC機能を備えたグリッドを実行するか、または両方を同時に実行するかに関係なく、同じ selenium-server-standalone.jar ファイルを使用してノードを起動します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 -port フラグでポートが指定されていない場合、空いているポートが選択されます。 1台のマシンで複数のノードを実行できますが、実行する場合は、システムメモリリソースとスクリーンショットの問題をテストで確認する必要があることに注意する必要があります。\nオプションを使用したノード構成 前述のように、下位互換性のために、\u0026ldquo;wd\u0026quot;および\u0026quot;rc\u0026quot;ロールは\u0026quot;node\u0026quot;ロールの有効なサブセットのままです。 ただし、これらのロールは、対応するAPIへのリモート接続の種類を制限し、\u0026ldquo;node\u0026quot;はRCとWebDriverの両方のリモート接続を許可します。\nコマンドラインでもJVMプロパティを（ -jar引数の前に -Dフラグを使用して）渡すと、これらが取得され、ノードに伝播されます。\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nJSONを使用したノード構成 JSON設定ファイルで構成されたグリッドノードを起動することもできます。\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json そして、これは nodeConfig.json ファイルの例です。\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } -host フラグに関する注意\nハブとノードの両方で、-hostフラグが指定されていない場合、デフォルトで0.0.0.0を使用します。 これにより、マシンのすべてのパブリック（非ループバック）IPv4インターフェイスにバインドされます。 特別なネットワーク構成または追加のネットワークインターフェイスを作成するコンポーネントがある場合は、-hostフラグにハブ/ノードが別のマシンから到達できる値を設定することをお勧めします。\nポートを指定する ハブで使用されるデフォルトのTCP / IPポートは4444です。 ポートを変更する必要がある場合は、上記の構成を使用してください。\nトラブルシューティング ログファイルを使用する 高度なトラブルシューティングのために、システムメッセージを記録するログファイルを指定できます。 -log引数を使用してSelenium GRIDハブまたはノードを起動します。 以下の例をご覧ください。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt お気に入りのテキストエディターを使用してログファイル（上記の例ではlog.txt）を開き、問題が発生した場合に\u0026quot;エラー\u0026quot;ログを見つけます。\n-debug 引数を使用する -debug引数を使用して、デバッグログをコンソールに出力することもできます。 -debug 引数を使用してSeleniumグリッドハブまたはノードを起動します。 以下の例をご覧ください。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug 警告 Selenium Gridは、適切なファイアウォールアクセス許可を使用して外部アクセスから保護する必要があります。\nグリッドを保護しないと、次の1つ以上が発生する可能性があります。\n グリッドインフラストラクチャへのオープンアクセスを提供します。 サードパーティが内部Webアプリケーションおよびファイルにアクセスすることを許可します。 サードパーティにカスタムバイナリの実行を許可します。  Detectify に関するこのブログ投稿をご覧ください。 これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\nDocker Selenium Docker は、コンテナと呼ばれる単位でSelenium Gridインフラストラクチャをプロビジョニングおよびスケーリングする便利な方法を提供します。 コンテナは、さまざまなマシンで信頼性と再現性のある方法で、すべての依存関係を含む目的のアプリケーションを実行するために必要なすべてを含むソフトウェアの標準化されたユニットです。\nSeleniumプロジェクトは、ダウンロードして実行して作業用グリッドを迅速に起動および実行できる一連のDockerイメージを保持しています。 ノードはFirefoxとChromeの両方で使用できます。 グリッドのプロビジョニング方法の詳細は、 Docker Selenium リポジトリ内にあります。\n前提条件 グリッドを実行するための唯一の要件は、Dockerをインストールして動作させることです。 Dockerのインストール.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"独自のグリッドを設定する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium4でのグリッド設定のさまざまなモード  スタンドアロン ハブとノード 分散 Docker  スタンドアロンモード 新しいSeleniumServer Jarには、グリッドを実行するために必要なすべてのものが含まれています。 Seleniumグリッドを起動するのも最も簡単なモードです。 デフォルトでは、サーバーは http://localhost:4444 でリッスンします。 これは、RemoteWebDriverテストを指定する必要があるURLです。 サーバーは、システムパスから使用できる使用可能なドライバーを検出します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone ハブとノードモード ハブを開始する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub ノードを登録する java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Seleniumグリッドをクエリする Selenium 4では、必要なデータを簡単にクエリしてまったく同じものを取得する新しい方法であるGraphQLを追加しました。\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \n分散モード   Step 1: まず、イベントバスを開始します。 これは、後続のステップで他のグリッドコンポーネントへの通信パスとして機能します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: セッションマップを開始します。 これは、セッションIDをセッションが実行されているノードにマッピングする役割を果たします。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: 新しいセッションキューを起動すると、新しいセッション要求がローカルキューに追加されます。 ディストリビューターはキューからリクエストを受け取ります。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: ディストリビューターを起動します。 すべてのノードは、ディストリビュータープロセスの一部として接続されます。 セッションの作成要求が呼び出されたときに、ノードを割り当てる必要があります。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: 次に、Webに公開するアドレスであるルーターを起動します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: 最後に、ノードを追加します。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Dockerイメージを介してスタンドアロングリッドを開始する 次のコマンドでノードを起動できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; Seleniumサーバーを起動し、Dockerに新しいインスタンスを作成することを委任できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false 警告 Selenium Gridは、適切なファイアウォールアクセス許可を使用して外部アクセスから保護する必要があります。\nグリッドを保護しないと、次の1つ以上が発生する可能性があります。\n グリッドインフラストラクチャへのオープンアクセスを提供します。 サードパーティが内部Webアプリケーションおよびファイルにアクセスすることを許可します。 サードパーティにカスタムバイナリの実行を許可します。  Detectify に関するこのブログ投稿をご覧ください。 これは、公開されたグリッドが悪用される可能性のある概要を示しています。 Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/","title":"紹介","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群のプロジェクトです。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"色を扱う","tags":[],"description":"","content":"テストの一部として何かの色を検証したい場合があります。 問題は、ウェブ上の色の定義が一定ではないことです。 色のHEX表現を色のRGB表現と比較する簡単な方法、または色のRGBA表現を色のHSLA表現と比較する簡単な方法があったらいいのではないでしょうか？\n心配しないでください。解決策があります。: Color クラスです！\nまず、クラスをインポートする必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    これで、カラーオブジェクトの作成を開始できます。 すべての色オブジェクトは、色の文字列表現から作成する必要があります。 サポートされている色表現は、以下のとおりです。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Colorクラスは、 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 で指定されているすべての基本色定義もサポートしています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     要素に色が設定されていない場合、ブラウザは \u0026ldquo;透明\u0026rdquo; の色の値を返すことがあります。 Colorクラスもこれをサポートしています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     レスポンスが正しく解析され、有効なColorオブジェクトに変換されることを認識して、要素を安全にクエリしてその色/背景色を取得できるようになりました。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     そして、色オブジェクトを直接比較できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     または、色を次の形式のいずれかに変換し、静的に検証することができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     色はもはや問題ではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"表記規則","tags":[],"description":"","content":"タイトルの大文字化 A Very Fine Heading などのタイトルの大文字化は避け、代わりに A very fine heading を選択してください。 大げさな大文字表記、またはタイトルケースは、多くの場合、正書法の慣習に対する誤解または無視を示します。 ヘッダーを開始するための最初の大文字を1つ持つセンテンスケースとして知られているものを好みます。\n行の長さ プレーンHTMLで記述されたドキュメントのソースを編集するときは、行の長さを約72文字に制限してください。\nこれをさらに一歩進めて、いわゆるセマンティックラインフィード と呼ばれるものを使用します。 これは、一般の人には読まれないHTMLソース行を散文の「自然な区切り」で分割する手法です。 つまり、文は句間の自然な区切りで分割されます。 すべての段落が右マージンの近くで終了するように各段落の行を混乱させるのではなく、 アイデアが途切れる場所であればどこでも改行を追加できます。\nこれにより、gitを使用して共同作業するときにdiffを非常に読みやすくすることができますが、 使用するコントリビューターに強制するものではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid は、SeleniumテストがコマンドをリモートWebブラウザーインスタンスにルーティングできるようにする賢いプロキシサーバーです。 その目的は、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行する簡単な方法を提供することです。\nSelenium Gridでは、1つのサーバーが、JSON形式のテストコマンドを1つ以上の登録済みのグリッドノードにルーティングするハブとして機能します。 テストはハブに接続して、リモートブラウザーインスタンスへのアクセスを取得します。 ハブには、アクセスを提供する登録済みサーバーのリストがあり、これらのインスタンスを制御できます。\nSelenium Gridを使用すると、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、さまざまなブラウザーバージョンとブラウザー構成を（個々のテストではなく）一元的に管理できます。\nSelenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。\nGrid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。 Grid 4 の使用を推奨します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTMLランナー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTMLランナー を使用すると、コマンドラインからテストスイートを実行できます。 テストスイートは、Selenium IDEまたは互換性ツールからのHTMLエクスポートです。\n共通情報  geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runnerのリリースの組み合わせが重要です。 どこかにソフトウェア互換性マトリックスがあるかもしれません。 selenium-html-runnerはテストスイートのみを実行します（テストケースではなく、Monitis Transaction Monitorからのエクスポートなど）。 必ずこれを順守してください。 DISPLAYのないLinuxユーザーの場合-仮想ディスプレイでhtml-runnerを起動する必要があります（xvfbを検索）。  Linux環境の例 次のソフトウェアパッケージをインストール/ダウンロードします。\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 テストスイートの例\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; selenium-html-runnerをヘッドレスで実行する方法 さて、最も重要な部分、selenium-html-runnerの実行方法の例！ 経験によってソフトウェアの組み合わせ、- geckodriver / FF / html-runnerリリースによって異なる場合があります。\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTPレスポンスコード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium RCの一部のブラウザー構成では、Seleniumはブラウザーと自動化されているサイトの間のプロキシとして機能しました。 これは、Seleniumを通過したすべてのブラウザートラフィックをキャプチャまたは操作できることを意味していました。 captureNetworkTraffic() メソッドは、HTTPレスポンスコードを含むブラウザーと自動化されているサイト間のすべてのネットワークトラフィックをキャプチャすることを目的としています。\nSelenium WebDriverは、ブラウザーの自動化に対するまったく異なるアプローチであり、ユーザーのように振る舞うことを好むため、WebDriverを使用してテストを記述する方法で表現します。 自動化された機能テストでは、ステータスコードの確認はテストの失敗の特に重要な詳細ではありません。 それに先行する手順がより重要です。\nブラウザーは常にHTTPステータスコードを表します。たとえば、404または500エラーページを想像してください。 これらのエラーページの1つに遭遇したときに\u0026quot;早く失敗\u0026quot;する簡単な方法は、ページが読み込まれるたびにページタイトルまたは信頼できるポイント（たとえば \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; タグ）のコンテンツをチェックすることです。 ページオブジェクトモデルを使用している場合、このチェックをクラスコンストラクターまたはページの読み込みが予想される同様のポイントに含めることができます。 場合によっては、HTTPコードがブラウザーのエラーページに表示されることもあります。 WebDriverを使用してこれを読み取り、デバッグ出力を改善できます。\nWebページ自体を確認することは、WebDriverの理想的なプラクティスに沿っており、WebDriverのユーザーのWebサイトの見え方を表現し、主張します。\nHTTPステータスコードをキャプチャするための高度なソリューションは、プロキシを使用してSelenium RCの動作を複製することです。 WebDriver APIは、ブラウザーのプロキシを設定する機能を提供します。 Webサーバーとの間で送受信されるリクエストのコンテンツをプログラムで操作できるプロキシがいくつかあります。 プロキシを使用すると、リダイレクトレスポンスコードへの応答方法を決めることができます。 さらに、すべてのブラウザーがWebDriverでレスポンスコードを利用できるようにするわけではないため、プロキシを使用することを選択すると、すべてのブラウザーで機能するソリューションが得られます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/","title":"Seleniumのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumのインストール Seleniumのセットアップは他の商用ツールと少し違います。自動化プロジェクトでSeleniumを使うためには、選択した言語の言語バインディングライブラリをインストールする必要があります。加えて、自動化でテストを実行したいブラウザのWebDriverバイナリも必要となります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4では、新しいEvented APIが導入され、WebDriverが他のAPIに 使用していた従来のリクエスト/レスポンスのアプローチを使用するのではなく、 発生時にブラウザーからイベントをキャプチャできるようになりました。\n内部的にWebDriverは、送信されるイベントとコマンドのためにブラウザーへのWebSocket接続を作成します。\n次のAPIのリストは、Seleniumプロジェクトが現実世界のユースケースをサポートを通じて機能するにつれて、増えていきます。 不足している API がある場合は、 機能リクエスト を提出してください。\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation は、DOM 内の特定の要素に DOM の変更がある場合に、 WebDriver BiDi を介してイベントをキャプチャする機能です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"アプリケーション状態の生成","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumはテストケースの準備に使用しないでください。 テストケースのすべての反復アクションと準備は、他の方法で行う必要があります。 たとえば、ほとんどのWeb UIには認証があります（ログインフォームなど）。 すべてのテストの前にWebブラウザーからのログインをなくすことで、テストの速度と安定性の両方が向上します。 AUT* にアクセスするためのメソッドを作成する必要があります（APIを使用してログインし、Cookieを設定するなど）。 また、テスト用にデータをプリロードするメソッドの作成は、Seleniumを使用して実行しないほうがいいです。 前述のように、AUT* のデータを作成するには、既存のAPIを活用する必要があります。\n*AUT: Application under test（テスト対象アプリケーション）\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"コンポーネントの構成","tags":[],"description":"","content":"コンポーネントの構成 前のセクションで説明したように、各グリッドコンポーネントは特定の役割を果たします。 したがって、各グリッドコンポーネントを個別に構成することができます。 このセクションでは、一般的な構成値とコンポーネント固有の構成値について説明します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"スタンドアロンサーバのインストール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Gridを使う予定なら、selenium-server-standalone JARファイルをダウンロードする必要があります。selenium-server-standalone jarは決してアップロードされることはありませんが、selenium-serverを通して全てのコンポーネントが利用可能です。 このスタンドアロンJARはリモートSeleniumサーバとクライアントサイドバインディングを含む全てが入っています。 これはプロジェクトでselenium-server-standalone jarを使えば、selenium-javaやブラウザ固有のjarを追加しなくても良いということです。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"テストの種類","tags":[],"description":"","content":"受け入れテスト このタイプのテストは、機能またはシステムが顧客の期待と要件を満たしているかどうかを判断するために行われます。 このタイプのテストには通常、顧客の協力またはフィードバックが関与します。 下記質問に答えることで確認することができます。\n 正しい 製品を作っていますか？\n Webアプリケーションの場合、ユーザーの予想される動作をシミュレートすることで、 このテストの自動化をSeleniumで直接実行できます。 このシミュレーションは、このドキュメントで説明されているように、記録/再生によって、 またはサポートされているさまざまな言語によって実行できます。 注：受け入れテストは 機能テスト のサブタイプであり、一部の人はこれにも言及する場合があります。\n機能テスト このタイプのテストは、機能またはシステムが問題なく正常に機能するかどうかを判断するために行われます。 システムをさまざまなレベルでチェックして、すべてのシナリオがカバーされていること、 およびシステムが実行すべきことを実行していることを確認します。 下記質問に答えることで確認することができます。\n 製品を 正しく 作っていますか？\n これは通常以下を含みます。 テストがエラーなし（404、例外\u0026hellip;）、使用可能な方法（正しいリダイレクト）で機能する、 利用しやすく、仕様に一致します（上記の 受け入れテスト を参照）。\nWebアプリケーションの場合、期待されるリターンをシミュレートすることにより、このテストの自動化をSeleniumで直接実行できます。 このシミュレーションは、このドキュメントで説明されているように、記録/再生またはサポートされているさまざまな言語で実行できます。\nパフォーマンステスト その名前が示すように、パフォーマンステストは、アプリケーションのパフォーマンスを測定するために行われます。\nパフォーマンステストには2つの主なサブタイプがあります。\nロードテスト ロードテストは、定義されたさまざまな負荷（通常、特定の数のユーザーが同時に接続されている場合）でアプリケーションがどの程度機能するかを確認するために行われます。\nストレステスト ストレステストは、ストレス下（またはサポートされている最大負荷以上）でアプリケーションがどの程度機能するかを確認するために行われます。\n一般に、パフォーマンステストは、Seleniumで書かれたテストを実行して、さまざまなユーザーがWebアプリの特定の機能を押して、意味のある測定値を取得することをシミュレートして実行されます。\nこれは通常、メトリックを取得する他のツールによって行われます。 そのようなツールの1つが JMeter です。\nWebアプリケーションの場合、測定する詳細には、スループット、待ち時間、データ損失、個々のコンポーネントの読み込み時間などが含まれます…\n注1：すべてのブラウザには、開発者のツールセクションにパフォーマンスタブがあります（F12キーを押すとアクセス可能）\n注2：これは一般に機能/機能ごとではなくシステムごとに測定されるため、 非機能テスト のサブタイプです。\n回帰テスト このテストは通常、変更、修正、または機能の追加後に行われます。\n変更によって既存の機能が破壊されないようにするために、すでに実行されたいくつかのテストが再度実行されます。\n再実行されるテストのセットは、完全または部分的なものにすることができ、アプリケーションおよび開発チームに応じて、いくつかの異なるタイプを含めることができます。\nテスト駆動開発 (TDD) テストタイプそのものではなく、TDDはテストが機能の設計を推進する反復的な開発方法論です。\n各サイクルは、機能がパスする単体テストのセットを作成することから始まります（最初に実行すると失敗します）。\nこの後、テストに合格するための開発が行われます。 別のサイクルを開始してテストが再度実行され、すべてのテストに合格するまでこのプロセスが続行されます。\nこれは、欠陥が発見されるほどコストが安くなるという事実に基づいて、アプリケーションの開発をスピードアップすることを目的としています。\nビヘイビア駆動開発 (BDD) BDDは、上記に基づいた反復開発方法論（TDD）でもあり、その目的は、アプリケーションの開発にすべての関係者を関与させることです。\n各サイクルは、いくつかの仕様を作成することから始まります（これは失敗するはずです）。 次に、失敗する単体テスト（これも失敗するはずです）を作成し、開発を作成します。\nこのサイクルは、すべてのタイプのテストに合格するまで繰り返されます。\nそのためには、仕様言語が使用されます。 すべての関係者が理解でき、単純で、標準的かつ明示的でなければなりません。 ほとんどのツールは、この言語として Gherkin を使用します。\n目標は、潜在的な受入エラーも対象とすることでTDDよりも多くのエラーを検出し、当事者間のコミュニケーションを円滑にすることです。\n現在、仕様を記述し、 Cucumber や SpecFlow などのコード関数と一致させるための一連のツールが利用可能です。\nSelenium上に一連のツールが構築されており、BDD仕様を実行可能コードに直接変換することにより、このプロセスをさらに高速化しています。 これらのいくつかは、 JBehave、Capybara、およびRobot Framework です。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"ブラウザー操作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby RubyはWindowsにデフォルトではインストールされません。最新バージョンをダウンロードし、インストーラーを実行します。 Installation Destination and Optional Tasks 画面で Add Ruby executables to your PATH チェックボックス以外のすべての設定をデフォルト値のままにすることができます。ブラウザーを操作するには、selenium-webdriver Ruby gemをインストールする必要があります。それをインストールするには、コマンドプロンプトを開き、次のように入力します。\ngem install selenium-webdriver または、Bundlerを使用する場合、次の行をアプリケーションのGemfileに追加します。\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; そして、プロンプトで次のコマンドを実行します。\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet ExplorerはデフォルトでWindowsにインストールされるため、インストールは不要です。 WindowsでInternet Explorerを動かすには、最新のInternet Explorer Driverをダウンロードし、ファイルを PATHにあるフォルダーに入れる必要があります。どのディレクトリが PATHにあるかを調べるには、コマンドプロンプトでecho％PATH％と入力します。\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin は良い場所のようです。 IEDriverServerファイルを解凍し、IEDriverServer.exeをそこに移動します。\nこれにより、新しいInternet Explorerウィンドウが開きます。\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser操作 ナビゲート ブラウザーを起動した後に最初に行うことは、Webサイトを開くことです。これは1行で実現できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     現在のURLを取得 ブラウザーのアドレスバーから現在のURLを読むには、次を使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    戻る ブラウザーの戻るボタンを押す。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     次へ ブラウザーの次へボタンを押す。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    更新 現在のページを更新する。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    タイトルの取得 ブラウザーから現在のページタイトルを読むことができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    ウィンドウとタブ ウィンドウハンドルの取得 WebDriverは、ウィンドウとタブを区別しません。 サイトが新しいタブまたはウィンドウを開く場合、Seleniumはウィンドウハンドルを使って連動します。 各ウィンドウには一意の識別子があり、これは単一のセッションで持続します。 次のコードを使用して、現在のウィンドウのウィンドウハンドルを取得できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    ウィンドウまたはタブの切り替え 新しいウィンドウで開くリンクをクリックすると、新しいウィンドウまたはタブが画面にフォーカスされますが、WebDriverはオペレーティングシステムがアクティブと見なすウィンドウを認識しません。 新しいウィンドウで作業するには、それに切り替える必要があります。 開いているタブまたはウィンドウが2つしかなく、どちらのウィンドウから開始するかがわかっている場合、削除のプロセスによって、WebDriverが表示できる両方のウィンドウまたはタブをループし、元のウィンドウまたはタブに切り替えることができます。\nただし、Selenium 4には、新しいタブ（または）新しいウィンドウを作成して自動的に切り替える新しいAPI NewWindowが用意されています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     新しいウィンドウ（または）新しいタブを作成して切り替える 新しいウィンドウ（または）タブを作成し、画面上の新しいウィンドウまたはタブにフォーカスします。 新しいウィンドウ（または）タブを使用するように切り替える必要はありません。 新しいウィンドウ以外に3つ以上のウィンドウ（または）タブを開いている場合、WebDriverが表示できる両方のウィンドウまたはタブをループして、元のものではないものに切り替えることができます。\n注意: この機能は、Selenium 4以降のバージョンで機能します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     ウィンドウまたはタブを閉じる ウィンドウまたはタブでの作業が終了し、 かつ ブラウザーで最後に開いたウィンドウまたはタブではない場合、それを閉じて、以前使用していたウィンドウに切り替える必要があります。 前のセクションのコードサンプルに従ったと仮定すると、変数に前のウィンドウハンドルが格納されます。 これをまとめると以下のようになります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     ウィンドウを閉じた後に別のウィンドウハンドルに切り替えるのを忘れると、現在閉じられているページでWebDriverが実行されたままになり、 No Such Window Exception が発行されます。実行を継続するには、有効なウィンドウハンドルに切り替える必要があります。\nセッションの終了時にブラウザーを終了する ブラウザーセッションを終了したら、closeではなく、quitを呼び出す必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quitは、  そのWebDriverセッションに関連付けられているすべてのウィンドウとタブを閉じます ブラウザーのプロセス バックグラウンドのドライバーのプロセス ブラウザーが使用されなくなったことをSelenium Gridに通知して、別のセッションで使用できるようにします（Selenium Gridを使用している場合）    quitの呼び出しに失敗すると、余分なバックグラウンドプロセスとポートがマシン上で実行されたままになり、後で問題が発生する可能性があります。\n一部のテストフレームワークでは、テストの終了時にフックできるメソッドとアノテーションを提供しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     テストコンテキストでWebDriverを実行していない場合は、ほとんどの言語で提供されている try / finally の使用を検討して、例外がWebDriverセッションをクリーンアップするようにします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     PythonのWebDriverは、pythonコンテキストマネージャーをサポートするようになりました。 withキーワードを使用すると、実行終了時にドライバーを自動的に終了できます。\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation FrameとIframe frameは、同じドメイン上の複数のドキュメントからサイトレイアウトを構築する非推奨の手段となりました。 HTML5以前のWebアプリを使用している場合を除き、frameを使用することはほとんどありません。 iframeは、まったく異なるドメインからのドキュメントの挿入を許可し、今でも一般的に使用されています。\nフレームまたはiframeを使用する必要がある場合、Webdriverを使用して同じ方法で作業できます。 iframe内のボタンがある場合を考えてみましょう。ブラウザー開発ツールを使用して要素を検査すると、次のように表示される場合があります。\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; iframeがなければ、次のようなボタンを使用してボタンをクリックします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     ただし、iframeの外側にボタンがない場合は、代わりにno such elementエラーが発生する可能性があります。 これは、Seleniumがトップレベルのドキュメントの要素のみを認識するために発生します。 ボタンを操作するには、ウィンドウを切り替える方法と同様に、最初にフレームに切り替える必要があります。 WebDriverは、フレームに切り替える3つの方法を提供します。\nWebElementを使う WebElementを使用した切り替えは、最も柔軟なオプションです。好みのセレクタを使用してフレームを見つけ、それに切り替えることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     nameまたはIDを使う フレームまたはiframeにidまたはname属性がある場合、代わりにこれを使うことができます。 名前またはIDがページ上で一意でない場合、最初に見つかったものに切り替えます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     インデックスを使う JavaScriptの window.frames を使用して照会できるように、frameのインデックスを使用することもできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     frameを終了する iframeまたはフレームセットを終了するには、次のようにデフォルトのコンテンツに切り替えます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     ウィンドウマネジメント 画面解像度はWebアプリケーションのレンダリング方法に影響を与える可能性があるため、WebDriverはブラウザーウィンドウを移動およびサイズ変更するメカニズムを提供します。\nウィンドウサイズの取得 ブラウザーウィンドウのサイズをピクセル単位で取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     ウィンドウサイズの設定 ウィンドウを復元し、ウィンドウサイズを設定します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)    ウィンドウの位置を取得 ブラウザーウィンドウの左上の座標を取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     ウィンドウの位置設定 選択した位置にウィンドウを移動します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     ウィンドウの最大化 ウィンドウを拡大します。ほとんどのオペレーティングシステムでは、オペレーティングシステムのメニューとツールバーをブロックすることなく、ウィンドウが画面いっぱいに表示されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    ウィンドウを最小化 現在のブラウジングコンテキストのウィンドウを最小化します。 このコマンドの正確な動作は、個々のウィンドウマネージャーに固有のものです。\nウィンドウを最小化すると、通常、システムトレイのウィンドウが非表示になります。\n注：この機能は、Selenium 4以降のバージョンで機能します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    全画面ウィンドウ ほとんどのブラウザーでF11を押すのと同じように、画面全体に表示されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    スクリーンショットの取得 現在のブラウジング コンテキストのスクリーンショットをキャプチャするために使います。\nWebDriver エンドポイントの スクリーンショット は、 Base64 形式でエンコードされたスクリーンショットを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     要素のスクリーンショットの取得 現在のブラウジング コンテキストの要素のスクリーンショットをキャプチャするために使います。 WebDriver エンドポイントの スクリーンショット は、 Base64 形式でエンコードされたスクリーンショットを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     スクリプトの実行 選択したフレームまたはウィンドウの現在のコンテキストで、JavaScript コードスニペットを実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     ページの印刷 ブラウザ内の現在のページを印刷します。\nNote: Chromium ブラウザがヘッドレスモードである必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"要素を探す","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一つの要素を探す ページ上で要素を探す方法は、WebDriverを使う上で最初に学ばなければならない技術です。WebDriverは多数のセレクタを標準で用意しています。その中で、id属性を使って要素を探す方法が次のコードです。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     例を見ての通り、WebDriverで要素を特定するには、WebDriverクラスのインスタンスを使います。findElement(By)メソッドはWebElementという別の基本的なオブジェクトを返します。\n WebDriverはブラウザをあらわす WebElementは特定のDOMノード（コントロール、例えばリンクやインプットフィールドなど）をあらわす  一度「見つかった」Web要素への参照を取得すれば、そのインスタンスで同じメソッドを呼ぶことで検索の範囲を狭めることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     これは WebDriver と WebElement クラスの両方がSearchContextインターフェイスを実装しているため可能になっています。 これはWebDriverでは ロールベースインターフェイス (role-based interface) と呼ばれています。 ロールベースインターフェイスは、どのドライバー実装がどの機能をサポートしているかどうかを判断する助けになります。これらのインターフェイスは明確に定義され、単一の役割の責任のみを持つことを守っています。 WebDriverの設計と、どんな役割がどのドライバでサポートされているかはSome Other Section Which Must Be Namedで読むことができます。\nその結果、 上で使っていた By インターフェイスはいくつものロケータストラテジをサポートしています。 ネストした探索はcheeseを探す方法としてもっとも効率的なものではないかもしれません。 なぜなら、この方法は二つに分割されたコマンドをブラウザに発行するからです。具体的には、まずDOMから\u0026quot;cheese\u0026quot;というidの要素を探し出し、それから狭まった範囲で\u0026quot;cheddar\u0026quot;という要素を探しています。\nパフォーマンスをわずかに向上させるために、より効果的なロケータを使ってみましょう。 WebDriverはCSSロケータによる要素の探索をサポートしています。 これは先ほどの二つのロケータを1回の検索に組み合わせることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     複数の要素を探す 今作業しているドキュメントに、私たちが一番好きなチーズについての順序付きリストがあるとします。\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; チーズがたくさんある方が良いのは疑いの余地がなく、また一個一個取らなければなければならないのは面倒です。 なので、チーズを取得する上位のテクニックは、複数形のfindElements(By)を使うことです。 このメソッドはWeb要素のコレクションを返します。 もし一つの要素しか見つからなかった場合も、（一つの要素だけの）コレクションを返します。 もしロケータにマッチする要素が一つもなかった場合は、空のリストが返ります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     要素選択の方法 WebDriverには標準のロケータが8種類あります。\n   ロケータ 詳細     class name class名に値を含む要素を探す (複合クラス名は使えない)   css selector CSSセレクタが一致する要素を探す   id id属性が一致する要素を探す   name name属性が一致する要素を探す   link text a要素のテキストが一致する要素を探す   partial link text a要素のテキストが部分一致する要素を探す   tag name タグ名が一致する要素を探す   xpath XPathと一致する要素を探す    セレクタを使うときのコツ 一般に、HTMLのid属性が利用可能でユニークかつ一貫している場合、ページで要素を探す方法として適しています。 idは動作がとても速い傾向があり、複雑なDOMトラバースに伴う処理を省略できます。\nユニークなidが使えない場合、きれいに書かれたCSSセレクタが要素を探す方法として適しています。 XPathはCSSセレクタと同様に動作しますが、シンタックスは複雑で大抵の場合デバッグが困難です。 XPathはとても柔軟ですが、ブラウザベンダは性能テストを通常行っておらず、非常に動作が遅い傾向があります。\nlink textセレクタとpartial linkText セレクタはa要素でしか動作しないという欠点があります。 加えて、これらはWebDriverの内部でXPathの呼び出しに置き換えられます。\nタグ名によるロケータは危険な方法になり得ます。 大抵の場合ページ上には同じタグ名の要素が複数あります。タグ名は要素のコレクションを返す findElements(By) メソッドを使う時にもっとも役に立ちます。\nロケータは可能な限り簡潔に、読みやすい状態を保つことを推奨します。 WebDriverでDOM構造のトラバースを行うのは重い処理となります。 検索の範囲を狭めた方がより良い結果を得られます。\nレラティブ（相対）ロケーター Selenium 4 は、以前は Friendly Locators と呼ばれていたレラティブ ロケーターをもたらします。 この機能は、他の要素の近くにある要素を見つけるのに役立つように追加されました。 使用可能なレラティブ ロケーターは次のとおりです。\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement メソッドは、レラティブ ロケーター を返す新しいメソッド withTagName（） を受け入れるようになりました。\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nどのように機能するか Seleniumは、JavaScript関数 getBoundingClientRect() を使用して相対要素を見つけます。 この関数は、right、left、bottom、topなどの要素のプロパティを返します。\nレラティブ ロケーターを理解するために、以下の例を考えてみましょう。\nabove() 指定された要素の上に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 指定された要素の下に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 指定された要素の左側に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 指定された要素の右側に表示されるWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 指定した要素から最大 50px 離れたWebElementを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"選択要素の操作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"一部の要素では、自動化するためにかなりのボイラープレートコードが必要になる場合があります。 これを減らしてテストをきれいにするために、Seleniumサポートパッケージに Select クラスがあります。 それを使用するには、次のimportステートメントが必要です。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     そして、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素を参照するWebElementを使用してSelectオブジェクトを作成できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     Selectオブジェクトは、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素とやり取りできる一連のコマンドを提供します。 まず、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素からオプションを選択するさまざまな方法があります。\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; 上記の要素から最初のオプションを選択するには、3つの方法があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     以下を使用して、選択されているオプションを確認できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     または、 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素に含まれる \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; 要素に興味があるかもしれません。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     要素の選択を解除する場合は、4つの選択肢があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     最後に、一部の \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素を使用すると、複数のオプションを選択できます。 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 要素がこれらの1つであるかどうかを調べるには、下記のように記述します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン","tags":[],"description":"","content":"複数の理由から、WebDriverを使用してGmailやFacebookなどのサイトにログインすることはお勧めしません。 これらのサイトの使用条件（アカウントがシャットダウンされるリスクがある）に違反することは別として、それは遅く、信頼性がありません。\n理想的なプラクティスは、メールプロバイダーが提供するAPIを使用すること、またはFacebookの場合、テストアカウントや友人などを作成するためのAPIを公開する開発者ツールサービスを使用することです。 APIの使用は少し大変な作業のように思えるかもしれませんが、速度、信頼性、および安定性に見返りがあります。 また、APIが変更されることはほとんどありませんが、WebページとHTMLロケーターは頻繁に変更され、テストフレームワークを更新する必要があります。\nテストの任意の時点でWebDriverを使用してサードパーティのサイトにログインすると、テストが長くなるため、テストが失敗するリスクが高くなります。 一般的な経験則として、テストが長くなるほど脆弱で信頼性が低くなります。\nW3C準拠 のWebDriver実装は、サービス拒否攻撃を軽減できるように、navigatorオブジェクトにWebDriverプロパティで注釈を付けます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQLクエリのサポート","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQLは、APIのクエリ言語であり、既存のデータでこれらのクエリを実行するためのランタイムです。 これにより、ユーザーは必要なものだけを正確に要求することができます。\n列挙型(Enum) 列挙型は、フィールドの可能な値のセットを表します。\nたとえば、 Node オブジェクトには status というフィールドがあります。 UP 、 DRAINING 、または UNAVAILABLE の可能性があるため、状態は、 列挙型（具体的には、Status タイプ）です。\nスカラー スカラーはプリミティブ値です： Int 、 Float 、 String 、 Boolean 、または ID 。\nGraphQL APIを呼び出すときは、スカラーのみを返すまでネストされたサブフィールドを指定する必要があります。\nスキーマの構造 グリッドスキーマの構造は次のとおりです。\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } GraphQLで照会する GraphQLをクエリする最良の方法は、 curl リクエストを使用することです。 GraphQLを使用すると、必要なデータのみをフェッチできます。それ以上でもそれ以下でもありません。\nGraphQLクエリの例のいくつかを以下に示します。 必要に応じて独自のクエリを作成できます。\nグリッド内の maxSessionと sessionCountの数を照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 通常、ローカルマシンでは、 \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; は http://localhost:4444/graphql になります。\nセッション、ノード、グリッドのすべての詳細を照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッドで現在のセッション数を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッドで最大セッション数を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内のすべてのノードのすべてのセッションの詳細を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのすべてのセッションのスロット情報を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 特定のセッションのセッション情報を取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのcapabilityを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; グリッド内の各ノードのステータスを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 各ノードとグリッドのURIを照会する curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 新しいセッションキューで現在のリクエストを取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 新しいセッションキューのサイズを取得するためのクエリ curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 は新しい実装であり、以前のバージョンのコードベースを共有していません。\nGrid 4には、ローカルでの実行を可能にしながら、スケールアップを容易にするために、 いくつかの新しいテクノロジーを利用するアプローチがあります。\nGrid 4コンポーネントの詳細をすべて取得し、その仕組みと独自の設定方法を理解するには、 次のセクションを参照してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriverをはじめよう","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverをはじめよう Seleniumは市場で主要なブラウザの全てを WebDriver を使うことでサポートしています。 WebDriverとはAPI群とプロトコルです。これらはウェブブラウザの動作をコントロールするための言語中立なインターフェイスを定義しています。 それぞれのブラウザは特定のWebDriverの実装を持っており、これらは driver と呼ばれます。 driverはブラウザに委譲する責務を持つコンポーネントであり、Seleniumとブラウザ間の通信を処理します。\nこの分離は、ブラウザベンダーに自分たちのブラウザでの実装の責任を持たせるための意図的な努力のひとつです。 Seleniumは可能な場合これらのサードパーティ製のdriverを使いますが、それが現実的でない場合のためにプロジェクトでメンテナンスしているdriverも提供しています。\nSeleniumフレームワークはこれら全ての要素をユーザ向けのインターフェイスを通して結びつけます。このインターフェイスは異なるブラウザバックエンドを透過的に使えるようにし、クロスブラウザ・クロスプラットフォームの自動化を可能にします。\ndriverのより詳しい資料はDriver Idiosyncrasiesにあります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"このドキュメントについて","tags":[],"description":"","content":"これらのドキュメントは、コード自体と同様に、Seleniumコミュニティ内のボランティアによって100％維持されます。 当初から多くの人が使用してきましたが、多くの人が短期間しか使用しておらず、新しいユーザーのオンボーディングエクスペリエンスの改善に時間を割いてきました。\nドキュメントに問題がある場合、知りたいです！ 問題を伝える最良の方法は、https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issuesにアクセスし、問題が既に報告されているかどうかを検索することです。 そうでない場合は、自由に開いてください！\nコミュニティの多くのメンバーは、Libera.chat で #selenium Liberaチャンネルに頻繁にアクセスします。 気軽に立ち寄って質問してください。 これらのドキュメントで役立つと思われるヘルプを受け取った場合は、必ず貢献を追加してください。 これらのドキュメントを更新することはできますが、通常のコミッター以外から投稿を受け取ると、誰にとってもずっと簡単になります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"マウスアクションの詳細","tags":[],"description":"","content":"マウスは、マウスイベントを表します。 マウスアクションは低レベルインターフェイスを使用して実行され、仮想化されたデバイス入力アクションをWebブラウザーに提供できます。\nクリックとホールド 要素に移動し、指定された要素の中央で（解放せずに）クリックします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     コンテキストクリック（右クリック） このメソッドは、最初に要素の位置へのマウス移動を実行し、指定された要素でコンテキストクリック（右クリック）を実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     ダブルクリック 要素に移動し、指定された要素の中央でダブルクリックを実行します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素への移動 このメソッドは、マウスを要素の中央に移動します。 このアクションを実行すると、要素もビューにスクロールされます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     オフセットによる移動 このメソッドは、マウスを現在の位置（または0,0）から指定したオフセットだけ移動します。 座標がビューウィンドウの外側にある場合、マウスはブラウザウィンドウの外側になります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     ドラッグアンドドロップ このメソッドは、最初にソース要素でクリックアンドホールドを実行し、ターゲット要素の位置に移動してからマウスを離します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     オフセット分のドラッグアンドドロップ このメソッドは、まずソース要素でクリックアンドホールドを実行し、指定されたオフセットに移動してからマウスを離します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     リリース このアクションは、押し下げられたマウスの左ボタンをリリースします。 WebElementが渡されると、指定されたWebElementでマウスの左ボタンが押された状態でリリースされます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"モック外部サービス","tags":[],"description":"","content":"外部サービスへの依存を排除すると、テストの速度と安定性が大幅に向上します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"レガシー Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"紹介 Selenium-IDE (統合開発環境) は、Selenium テストケースを開発するためのツールです。 Selenium-IDE は使いやすい Firefox プラグインで、一般にテストケースを開発するための最も効率的な方法です。 Selenium-IDE ではコンテキストメニューも使用できます。 コンテキストメニューを使うと、まず現在ブラウザに表示されているページ上の UI 要素を選択し、次に Selenium コマンドのリストから目的のコマンドを選択できます。 コマンドのパラメータは、選択された UI 要素のコンテキストに従って、あらかじめ定義されたものが使われます。 Selenium-IDE を使う方法は、時間の節約になるだけでなく、Selenium スクリプトの構文を学ぶ手段としても優れています。\nこの章では Selenium-IDE について詳しく取り上げ、Selenium-IDE を効果的に使う方法について説明します。\nIDEのインストール Firefoxを使用して、最初にSeleniumHQダウンロードページからIDEをダウンロードします。\nFirefoxは、不慣れな場所からアドオンをインストールしないように保護するため、次のスクリーンショットに示すように、インストールを続行するには'許可'をクリックする必要があります。\nFirefoxからダウンロードすると、次のウィンドウが表示されます。\n「今すぐインストール」を選択します。 Firefoxの「アドオン」ウィンドウがポップアップし、最初にプログレスバーが表示されます。 ダウンロードが完了すると、次のような画面になります。\nFirefoxを再起動します。 Firefoxの再起動後、Firefoxの「ツール」メニューには、「Selenium-IDE」が表示されます。\nIDEを開く Selenium-IDEを実行するには、Firefoxの「ツール」メニューから「Selenium-IDE」を選択するだけです。 空のスクリプト編集ウィンドウと、テストケースを読み込んだり新規作成したりするメニューのある Selenium-IDE のウィンドウが表示されます。\nIDEの機能 メニューバー 「ファイル」メニューには、テストケースとテストスイート（テストケースのスイート）のオプションがあります。 これらを使用して、新しいテストケースを追加し、テストケースを開き、テストケースを保存し、選択した言語でテストケースをエクスポートできます。 最近のテストケースを開くこともできます。 これらすべてのオプションは、テストスイートでも使用できます。\n「編集」メニューでは、テストケースのコマンドを編集するためのすべての操作をコピー、貼り付け、削除、元に戻す、選択できます。 「オプション」メニューでは、さまざまな設定を変更できます。 特定のコマンドのタイムアウト値を設定し、Seleniumコマンドの基本セットにユーザー定義のユーザー拡張機能を追加し、テストケースを保存するときに使用する形式（言語）を指定できます。 「ヘルプ」メニューは Firefox 標準の「ヘルプ」メニューで、この中の 「UI-Element Documentation」 だけが Selenium-IDE に関係のある項目です。\nツールバー ツールバーには、テストケースをデバッグするためのステップ実行機能をはじめ、テストケースの実行をコントロールするためのさまざまなボタンが並んでいます。 右端の赤い丸のボタンは、「Record」(記録) ボタンです。\n「Speed Control」 (速度調節): テストケースの実行速度を調節します。\n「Run All」 (すべて実行): 複数のテストケースを持つテストスイートが読み込まれているときにテストスイート全体を実行します。\n「Run」 (実行): 現在選択されているテストを実行します。 テストが1つしか読み込まれていない場合、このボタンと「Run All」ボタンの動作は同じです。\n「Pause」 / 「Resume」 (一時停止/再開) : 実行中のテストを一時停止または再開します。\n「Step」(ステップ実行): コマンドを1つずつ実行し、テストケースの「1ステップ実行」を行います。 テストケースをデバッグするときに使います。\n「TestRunner Mode」 (TestRunner モード): テストケースを Selenium-Core TestRunner で読み込んでブラウザで実行することができます。 TestRunner は今はあまり使われておらず、いずれ非推奨となるでしょう。 このボタンは、テストケースを評価して、TestRunner との後方互換性があるかどうかを調べるために用意されています。 ほとんどのユーザーは、このボタンを使う必要はないでしょう。\n「Apply Rollup Rules」(ロールアップルールを適用): この高度な機能を利用すると、一連の Selenium コマンドの繰り返しを 1 つのアクションにまとめることができます。 ロールアップルールの詳細については、「ヘルプ」 メニューの [UI-Element Documentation] を参照してください。\nテストケース ペイン スクリプトは「テストケース」ペインに表示されます。 ペインには2つのタブがあります。 次に示すのは、コマンドとそのパラメータを読みやすい「テーブル」形式で表示するための [「テーブル」タブです。\nもう 1 つの「ソース」タブには、テストケースがネイティブ形式で表示されます。 ファイルはこのネイティブ形式で保存されます。 デフォルトでは HTML ですが、Java や C# などのプログラミング言語、あるいは Python などのスクリプト言語に変更することもできます。 詳細については、「オプション」 メニューを参照してください。 「ソース」 タブでは、テストケースを生の形式で編集することができ、操作のコピー、切り取り、貼り付けが可能です。\n「コマンド」、「対象」、および 「値」 入力フィールドには、現在選択されているコマンドとそのパラメータが表示されます。 これらの入力フィールドでは、現在選択されているコマンドを修正できます。 一番下のペインの 「リファレンス」 タブで、コマンドに対して指定されている 1 つ目のパラメータは、必ず 「対象」 フィールドに入力します。 「リファレンス」 タブで 2 つ目のパラメータが指定されている場合、このパラメータは 「値」 フィールドに入力します。\n「コマンド」フィールドに文字を入力すると、入力した文字に応じてドロップダウンリストに項目が表示されるので、このリストから目的のコマンドを選択できます。\nログ/参照/UI要素/ロールアップペイン 一番下のペインは、さまざまな機能で使われます。 「ログ」、「リファレンス」、「UI-Element」、および 「Rollup」 の4つのタブがあります。\nログ テストケースを実行すると、「ログ」 タブを選択していなくても、エラーメッセージとテストの進行状況を示す情報メッセージが自動的にこのペインに表示されます。 これらのメッセージは、しばしばテストケースのデバッグに役立ちます。 ログを消去するには 「消去」 ボタンをクリックします。 「情報」 ボタンをクリックすると、ドロップダウンリストが表示されます。 リストで目的の項目を選択すれば、画面に表示する情報のレベルを指定できます。\nリファレンス 「リファレンス」 タブは、「テーブル」 タブで Selenese コマンドとパラメータを入力したり修正したりする場合にデフォルトで選択されるタブです。 「テーブル」 タブが表示されている場合、「リファレンス」 ペインには現在のコマンドのリファレンスが表示されます。 「テーブル」 タブの 「ソース」 タブのどちらで作業している場合も、コマンドを入力または修正するときは、「対象」 フィールドと 「値」 フィールドで指定するパラメータが、「リファレンス」 ペインのパラメータリストに指定されているものと一致していることを確認することが非常に重要です。 指定するパラメータの数は、「リファレンス」 ペインで指定されている数と一致しなければならず、パラメータの順序も 「リファレンス」 ペインのそれと一致しなければなりません。 さらに、指定するパラメータの型も、「リファレンス」 ペインで指定されている型と一致していなければなりません。 これら 3つのうち、1つでも一致しないものがあれば、コマンドは正常に実行されません。\n「リファレンス」 タブはクイックリファレンスとして大いに役立ちますが、Seleniumリファレンスを参照することもしばしば必要になります。\nUI-ElementとRollup これらの2つのペイン (高度な機能を扱うためのペイン) については、Selenium-IDE の 「ヘルプ」 メニューの 「UI-Element Documentation」 を参照してください。\nテストケースの作成 テストケースを開発するための主な方法は3つあります。 多くの場合、テスト開発者はこれら 3 つのテクニックをすべて使う必要があります。\n記録 Selenium を初めて使うユーザーは、Web サイトでの操作を記録してテストケースを作成することが多いようです。Selenium-IDE を最初に開いたとき、「Record」 ボタンはデフォルトでオンになっています。\nSelenium-IDEで自動的に記録を開始したくない場合は、Options \u0026gt; Options… に移動し、\u0026ldquo;Start recording immediately on open.\u0026ldquo;の選択を解除して、これをオフにできます。\n記録中は、ユーザーの操作に基づいて Selenium-IDE がテストケースにコマンドを自動的に挿入します。 次に示すのは、典型的なユーザーの操作です。\n リンクをクリックする - click または clickAndWait コマンド 値を入力する - type コマンド ドロップダウンリストボックスからオプションを選択する - select コマンド チェックボックスまたはラジオボタンをクリックする - click コマンド  いくつか注意すべき点を次に示します。\n typeコマンドが記録されるようにするには、Web ページ上のどこか別の場所をクリックする操作が必要になる場合があります。 リンクをたどる操作は、通常は click コマンドとして記録されます。 多くの場合、 click コマンドは clickAndWait に変更して、新しいページが完全に読み込まれるまでテストケースを確実に停止させる必要があります。 そうしないと、ページに含まれるすべての UI 要素が読み込まれる前にテストケースの実行が先に進み、予期しない形でテストケースが失敗することになります。  コンテキストメニューを使った検証とアサートの追加 テストケースでは、Web ページのプロパティをチェックする必要もあるでしょう。 それには、 assert コマンドと verify コマンドを使う必要があります。 ここでは、これらのコマンドの細かな点には触れません。 テストケースに追加する方法だけを説明します。 コマンドの詳細については、 “Selenese” Selenium コマンド に関する章を参照してください。\nSelenium-IDE の記録機能がオンの状態で、テスト対象のアプリケーションを表示しているブラウザを選択し、ページ上の任意の場所を右クリックします。 すると、 verify コマンドや assert コマンドを含むコンテキストメニューが表示されます。\n初めて Selenium を使う場合には、Selenium コマンドが1つしか表示されないかもしれません。 しかし、IDE を使っていると、メニューに表示されるコマンドがどんどん増えていきます。 Selenium-IDE は、現在の Web ページ上で選択されている UI 要素に応じて、必要なコマンドとパラメータの予測を試みます。\n実際にこの機能をためしてみましょう。 適当な Web ページを開き、ページ上のテキストを選択します。 段落1つか、見出しがいいでしょう。 次に、選択したテキストを右クリックします。 コンテキストメニューが表示され、 verifyTextPresent コマンドと、このコマンドにふさわしいパラメータとして、選択されたテキスト自体が表示されるはずです。\nまた、「利用可能な全てのコマンド」 という項目があることに注目してください。 この項目を選択すると、非常に多くのコマンドが、現在選択されている UI 要素のテストに適したパラメータ案とともに表示されます。\nいくつかほかの UI 要素についても、同じようにためしてみてください。 たとえば、画像を右クリックしたり、ボタンやチェックボックスなどのユーザーコントロールを右クリックしたりしてみてください。 verifyTextPresent 以外のオプションを見るには、「利用可能な全てのコマンド」 を使う必要があるかもしれません。 いったんほかのオプションを選択すると、よく使われるコマンドがトップレベルのコンテキストメニューに表示されるようになります。 たとえば、画像に対して verifyElementPresent を選択すると、次に画像を選択して右クリックしたときに、トップレベルのコンテキストメニューにこのコマンドが表示されるようになります。\n繰り返しになりますが、これらのコマンドの詳細については、Selenium のコマンドに関する章で説明します。 とりあえずここでは、IDE を使ってさまざまなコマンドをテストケースに記録、選択し、テストケースを実行してみてください。IDE を使っていうちに、Selenium のコマンドについても自然に多くのことを学べるはずです。\n編集 コマンドの挿入 テーブル タブ テストケース内のコマンドを挿入する場所を選択します。 右クリックして 「コマンドを挿入」 をクリックします。 コマンド編集用のテキストフィールドを使って、新しいコマンドとそのパラメータを入力します。\nソース タブ テストケース内のコマンドを挿入する場所を選択し、3 列からなる行を 1 つ作成するのに必要な HTML タグを入力します。 この行の 1 列目にはコマンドを、2 列目には最初のパラメータを (パラメータが必要な場合)、3 列目には 2 つ目のパラメータを (パラメータが必要な場合) 入力します。「テーブル」 タグに戻るときは、その前にテストケースを保存します。\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; コメントの挿入 テストケースの可読性を高めるためにコメントを入力できます。 テストケースの実行時にはコメントは無視されます。\n垂直方向の空白 (1 行以上の空白行) をテストに追加するには、空のコメントを作成する必要があります。 空のコマンドでは実行時にエラーが発生します。\nテーブル タブ テストケース内のコメントを挿入する場所を選択します。 右クリックして 「コメントを挿入」 をクリックします。 「コマンド」 フィールドにコメントを入力します。 入力したコメントは紫色のフォントで表示されます。\nソース タブ テストケース内のコメントを挿入する場所を選択します。 HTML スタイルのコメント、すなわち \u0026lt;!-- これはコメントです -–\u0026gt; を入力します。\nコマンドまたはコメントの編集 テーブル タブ 変更する行を選択し、「コマンド」、「対象」、および 「値」 フィールドを使って内容を編集します。\nソース タブ 「ソース」 タブは WYSIWYG エディタに相当する機能を持っているので、目的の行 (コマンド、パラメータ、またはコメント) を編集します。\nテストケースを開く、保存する ほとんどのプログラムと同様に、「ファイル」メニューには「保存」および「開く」コマンドがあります。 ただし、Seleniumはテストケースとテストスイートを区別します。 後で使用するためにSelenium-IDEテストを保存するには、個々のテストケースを保存するか、テストスイートを保存します。 テストスイートのテストケースが保存されていない場合は、テストスイートを保存する前に保存するよう求められます。\n既存のテストケースまたはスイートを開くと、Selenium-IDEのテストケースペインにSeleniumコマンドが表示されます。\nテストケースの実行 Selenium-IDE には、テストケースを実行するためのさまざまなオプションがあり、1つのテストケースの実行、停止と再開、1 行ずつの実行、現在開発中のコマンドだけの実行、テストスイート全体の実行などが可能です。 Selenium-IDE では、テストケースを非常に柔軟に実行できます。\nテストケースの実行\n「Run」 ボタンをクリックすると、現在表示されているテストケースが実行されます。\nテストスイートの実行\n「Run All」 ボタンをクリックすると、現在読み込まれているテストスイートに含まれるすべてのテストケースが実行されます。\n停止と再開\n「Pause」 ボタンをクリックすると、実行中のテストケースを停止できます。 テストケースの実行を停止すると、ボタンのアイコンは 「Resume」 ボタンのアイコンに変わります。実行を再開するには、「Resume」 ボタンをクリックします。\n途中で実行を停止\nテストケース内でブレークポイントを指定すると、特定のコマンドでテストケースを停止することができます。 この機能は、テストケースをデバッグするときに便利です。 ブレークポイントを指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 「ブレークポイントの指定/解除」 をクリックします。\n途中から実行を開始\nテストケースの途中にある特定のコマンドから実行を開始することができます。 この機能も、テストケースをデバッグするときに便利です。 開始位置を指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 「開始位置の指定/解除」 をクリックします。\n任意のコマンドの実行\n1 つのコマンドだけをダブルクリックすると、そのコマンドを実行することができます。 この機能は、コマンドを 1 つ記述するときに便利です。 作成中のコマンドが適切かどうかわからないときでも、コマンドを即座にテストできます。 コマンドをダブルクリックするだけで、適切に実行されるかどうか確認できます。この機能は、コンテキストメニューからも利用できます。\nBase URL を使った、異なるドメインでのテストケースの実行 Selenium-IDE ウィンドウの上部にある 「Base URL」 フィールドを使うと、テストケースを異なるドメインで実行できるので便利です。 たとえば、 http://news.portal.com という名前のサイトが http://beta.news.portal.com という名前でインハウスのベータサイトを持っていたとします。 この場合、これらのサイトが対象で、 open ステートメントで始まるすべてのテストケースについて、 open の引数に 絶対 URL (http: または https: などのプロトコルで始まる URL) ではなく、 相対 URL を指定します。 すると、Selenium-IDE は、[Base URL] フィールドに入力された値の最後に、 open コマンドの引数を追加して、絶対 URL を作成します。 たとえば次のテストケースは、 http://news.portal.com/about.html を対象に実行されます。\nここで、「Base URL」 フィールドの設定を変更してテストケースを実行すれば、同じテストケースが今度は http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html を対象に実行されます。\nSelenium コマンド- \u0026ldquo;Selenese\u0026rdquo; Selenium コマンドは、多くの場合seleneseと呼ばれ、テストを実行するコマンドのセットです。 これらのコマンドのシーケンスはテストスクリプトです。 ここでは、これらのコマンドを詳細に説明し、Seleniumを使用するときにWebアプリケーションをテストする際に選択できる多くの選択肢を示します。\nSeleniumには、想像できるあらゆる方法でWebアプリを完全にテストするための豊富なコマンドセットが用意されています。 この一連のコマンドは、よくseleneseと呼ばれます。 これらのコマンドは、基本的にテスト言語を作成します。\nseleneseでは、HTMLタグに基づいてUI要素の存在をテストしたり、特定のコンテンツをテストしたり、壊れたリンクをテストしたり、入力フィールド、選択リストオプション、フォームを送信したり、テーブルデータなどをテストできます。 さらに、Seleniumコマンドは、ウィンドウサイズ、マウス位置、アラート、Ajax機能、ポップアップウィンドウ、イベント処理、およびその他の多くのWebアプリケーション機能のテストをサポートしています。 コマンドリファレンスには、使用可能なすべてのコマンドがリストされています。\nコマンドは、Seleniumに何をすべきかを伝えます。 Seleniumコマンドには、 アクション 、 アクセサ 、アサーション という3つの\u0026quot;フレーバー\u0026quot;があります。\n  アクション は、一般的にアプリケーションの状態を操作するコマンドです。 \u0026ldquo;このリンクをクリックする\u0026rdquo; や \u0026ldquo;そのオプションを選択する\u0026rdquo; といったことを実行します。 アクションが失敗するか、エラーがある場合、現在のテストの実行は停止されます。\n\u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; 接尾辞を使用して、多くのアクションを呼び出すことができます。（例 : \u0026ldquo;clickAndWait\u0026rdquo;） この接尾辞は、アクションによってブラウザーがサーバーを呼び出すこと、およびSeleniumが新しいページの読み込みを待つことをSeleniumに伝えます。\n  アクセサー はアプリケーションの状態を調べ、結果を変数に保存します。（例 : \u0026ldquo;storeTitle\u0026rdquo;） また、アサーションを自動的に生成するためにも使用されます。\n  アサーション はアクセサーに似ていますが、アプリケーションの状態が期待どおりになっていることを検証します。 たとえば、\u0026ldquo;ページタイトルがXであることを確認する\u0026rdquo; 、\u0026ldquo;このチェックボックスがオンになっていることを確認する\u0026rdquo; などです。\n  すべてのSeleniumアサーションは、\u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo;、および \u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026quot;の3つのモードで使用できます。 たとえば、\u0026ldquo;assertText\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;verifyText\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;waitForText\u0026quot;を使用できます。 \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; が失敗すると、テストは中止されます。 \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; が失敗すると、テストは実行を継続し、失敗を記録します。 これにより、単一の \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; でアプリケーションが正しいページにあることを確認し、続いてフォームフィールドの値、ラベルなどをテストするための \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; アサーションが多数行われます。\n\u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026rdquo; コマンドは、何らかの条件が真になるまで待機します（Ajaxアプリケーションのテストに役立ちます）。 条件がすでに真であれば、すぐに成功します。 ただし、現在のタイムアウト設定内で条件が真にならない場合、それらは失敗し、テストを停止します（以下のsetTimeoutアクションを参照）。\nスクリプトシンタックス Seleniumコマンドは単純で、コマンドと2つのパラメーターで構成されています。 例えば、\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    パラメーターは必ずしも必要ではありません。 コマンドに依存します。 両方のパラメータが必要な場合もあれば、1つのパラメータが必要な場合もあります。 また、コマンドがパラメータをまったく受け取らない場合もあります。 ここにいくつかの例があります。\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    コマンドリファレンスでは、各コマンドのパラメーター要件について説明しています。\nパラメーターは異なりますが、通常は、\n ページ内のUI要素を識別するためのロケーター 予想されるページコンテンツを検証またはアサートするためのテキストパターン 入力フィールドにテキストを入力するため、またはオプションリストからオプションを選択するためのテキストパターンまたはSelenium変数  ロケーター、テキストパターン、Selenium変数、およびコマンド自体については、Seleniumコマンドの章で詳しく説明します。\nSelenium-IDEから実行されるSeleniumスクリプトは、HTMLテキストファイル形式で保存されます。 これは、3つの列を持つHTMLテーブルで構成されます。 最初の列はSeleniumコマンドを示し、2番目の列はターゲットであり、最後の列には値が含まれています。 2番目と3番目の列は、選択したSeleniumコマンドによっては値を必要としない場合がありますが、存在する必要があります。 各テーブル行は、新しいSeleniumコマンドを表します。 以下は、ページを開き、ページタイトルをアサートし、ページ上のコンテンツを検証するテストの例です。\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; ブラウザでテーブルとしてレンダリングされると、次のようになります。\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nテストスイート テストスイートは、テストのコレクションです。 多くの場合、テストスイート内のすべてのテストを1つの連続バッチジョブとして実行します。\nSelenium-IDEを使用する場合、テストスイートは単純なHTMLファイルを使用して定義することもできます。 構文も簡単です。 HTMLテーブルはテストのリストを定義し、各行は各テストへのファイルシステムパスを定義します。 例ですべてがわかります。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; これと似たファイルを使用すると、Selenium-IDEから次々にテストを実行できます。\nSelenium-RCを使用している場合、テストスイートも維持できます。 これはプログラミングによって行われ、いくつかの方法で行うことができます。 通常、Junitは、JavaでSelenium-RCを使用している場合にテストスイートを維持するために使用されます。 さらに、C#が選択された言語である場合、Nunitを使用できます。 Selenium-RCでPythonのようなインタープリター言語を使用する場合、テストスイートのセットアップにいくつかの簡単なプログラミングが含まれます。 Selenium-RCを使用する理由はすべて、テストにプログラミングロジックを使用することであるため、通常これは問題になりません。\n一般的に使用されるSeleniumコマンド Seleniumの紹介を終了するために、いくつかの典型的なSeleniumコマンドを紹介します。 これらはおそらく、テストを構築するために最も一般的に使用されるコマンドです。\nopen\nURLを使用してページを開きます。\nclick/clickAndWait\nクリック操作を実行し、オプションで新しいページがロードされるのを待ちます。\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\n期待されるページタイトルを検証します。\nverifyTextPresent\n期待されるテキストがページのどこかにあることを確認します。\nverifyElementPresent\nHTMLタグで定義されている、期待されるUI要素がページに存在することを確認します。\nverifyText\n期待されるテキストとそれに対応するHTMLタグがページに存在することを確認します。\nverifyTable\nテーブルの期待される内容を検証します。\nwaitForPageToLoad\n期待される新しいページがロードされるまで実行を一時停止します。 clickAndWaitが使用されると自動的に呼び出されます。\nwaitForElementPresent\nHTMLタグで定義されているように、期待されるUI要素がページに表示されるまで実行を一時停止します。\nページ要素の検証 ページ上の UI 要素の検証は、自動化されたテストではおそらく最もよく使われる機能でしょう。 Selenese では、UI 要素をさまざまな方法でチェックすることができます。 実際のテスト対象はどの方法を使うかによって左右されるので、これらの方法の違いを理解することが重要になります。\nたとえば、現在テストしようとしているのは、次のどれでしょうか\u0026hellip;。\n ある要素がページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうか。 特定のテキストがページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうか。 特定のテキストがページ上の特定の場所に存在しているかどうか。  テキスト見出しをテストする場合、おそらくテスト対象として適しているのは、ページ先頭のテキストとその位置でしょう。 一方、画像がホームページ上に存在するかどうかをテストする場合で、Web デザイナーが具体的な画像ファイルとそのページ上の位置を頻繁に変更しているようなケースでは、(具体的な画像ファイルではなく) 画像 が ページ上のどこかに存在しているかどうかをテストする方が適切でしょう。\nアサーションと検証 “assert” (アサート) と “verify” (検証) のどちらを使うかは、利便性、そしてエラーの扱いをどうするかによって決まります。 期待されたページがブラウザに表示されているかどうかをチェックするテストがすでに失敗しているのに、そのページの最初のパラグラフが正しいものかどうかをチェックしても、ほとんど意味はありません。 目的のページが表示されていなければ、テストケースを中止して、何が原因かすぐ調べて、問題を解決した方がよいでしょう。 一方、最初のエラーでテストケースを中止せず、ページ上の多くの属性をチェックしたい場合もあります。 こうすれば、該当するページ上のすべてのエラーをまとめて見直し、適切な対応策を講じることができます。 Selenium のコマンドを使う場合、”assert” では、テストがエラーになり、現在のテストケースは中止されますが、”verify” では、テストはエラーになるものの、テストケースの実行は続行されます。\nこの機能を上手に活用するには、テストのコマンドを論理的にグループ化し、各グループを “assert” で始め、その後に 1 つまたは複数の “verify” コマンドを続けて記述します。 例を次に示します。\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    上記の例では、最初にページを開き、次にタイトルを期待値と比較することで正しいページがロードされることを“アサート”します。 これが成功した場合にのみ、次のコマンドが実行され、テキストが予想される場所に存在することを“検証”します。 テストケースは、最初のテーブルの2行目の最初の列に期待値が含まれていることを“アサート”します。 これに合格した場合にのみ、その行の残りのセルが“検証”されます。\nverifyTextPresent verifyTextPresent コマンドは、 特定のテキストがページ上のどこかに存在することを検証するのに使います。 このコマンドは引数を 1 つだけ取ります。 引数には、検証するテキストのパターンを指定します。 次に例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     この例では、現在テストの対象になっているページ上で “Marketing Analysis” というテキスト文字列を探し、この文字列がページ上のどこかにあるかどうかを検証します。 verifyTextPresent コマンドは、テキストそれ自体がページ上に存在するかどうかだけを調べるときに使います。 テキストがページ上に現れる場所もテストの対象に含める必要がある場合には、このコマンドは使わないでください。\nverifyElementPresent このコマンドは、特定の UI 要素について、その内容ではなく、要素の存在自体をチェックするのに使います。 具体的にはテキストはチェックせず、HTML タグだけをチェックします。 一般的な使い方として、画像が存在するかどうかのチェックなどがあります。\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     この例では、\u0026lt;img\u0026gt; HTML タグの存在によって指定される画像が、ページ上に存在するかどうか、そして \u0026lt;img\u0026gt; タグが \u0026lt;div\u0026gt; タグと \u0026lt;p\u0026gt; タグに続いて出現するかどうかを検証しています。 最初の (1 つだけの) パラメータは、要素を探す方法を Selenese コマンドに指示するための ロケータ です。 ロケータについては、次のセクションで説明します。\nverifyElementPresentを使用して、ページ内のHTMLタグの存在を確認できます。 リンク、段落、分割 \u0026lt;div\u0026gt;などの存在を確認できます。 さらにいくつかの例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     これらの例は、UI要素をテストするさまざまな方法を示しています。 繰り返しになりますが、ロケータについては次のセクションで説明します。\nverifyText テキストとそのUI要素の両方をテストする必要がある場合は、verifyTextを使用します。 verifyTextはロケーターを使用する必要があります。 XPath ロケーターまたは DOM ロケーターを選択した場合、特定のテキストが、ページ上のほかの UI コンポーネントとの相対位置で指定される特定の場所に出現するかどうかを検証できます。\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    要素の特定 多くの Selenium コマンドでは、対象を指定する必要があります。 この対象は、Web アプリケーションのコンテキスト内で要素を特定するためのもので、ロケーションストラテジーに続けて、 locatorType=location の形でロケーションを指定します。 多くの場合、ロケーションのタイプは省略できます。 ロケーションのタイプについては、以下で例を挙げながら説明します。\n識別子による特定 この方法は、要素を特定する方法としておそらく最も一般的で、ロケータタイプとして認識されるものが使われていない場合の汎用デフォルトです。 このストラテジーでは、id 属性を持つ要素のうち、ロケーションに一致する最初の要素が使われます。 id 属性に一致する要素がない場合には、name 属性を持つ要素のうち、ロケーションに一致する最初の要素が使われます。\nたとえば、ページソースに次のような id 属性と name 属性があったとします。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; この場合、次のロケータストラテジーは、上の HTML 断片のうち、行番号で示される部分の要素を返します。\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  identifier タイプのロケーターはデフォルトであるため、上記の最初の3つの例の identifier= は必要ありません。\nidによる特定 このタイプのロケータは identifier ロケータタイプよりも限定の度合いは高くなりますが、それと同時に、より明示的になります。要素の id 属性がわかっている場合に使用します。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Nameによる特定 name ロケータタイプは、nama 属性に一致する最初の要素を特定します。 1つの name 属性に対して、複数の要素が同じ値を持っている場合には、フィルタを使ってロケーションストラテジーの精度を高めることができます。 デフォルトのフィルタタイプは value です (value 属性に一致)。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  注 : 一部のタイプの XPath ロケータや DOM ロケータと異なり、これまでに示した 3 つのタイプのロケータを使えば、ページ上の位置に関係なく UI 要素をテストすることができます。 したがって、ページの構造や構成が変わっても、テストはパスします。 ページの構造が変わったかどうかについては、テストしたい場合もテストしたくない場合もあるでしょう。 Web デザイナーが頻繁にページに手を加えていて、ページの機能を回帰テストの対象にする必要がある場合には、id 属性や name 属性、または任意の HTML プロパティによるテストが非常に重要になります。\nXPathによる特定 XPath は、XML ドキュメント内のノードを特定するために使われる言語です。 HTML は XML (XHTML) の実装でもありうるので、Selenium ユーザーは XPath という強力な言語を使って、Web アプリケーション内の要素を特定することができます。 XPath は、id 属性や name 属性による要素の特定という単純な方法を (サポートすると当時に) さらに拡張しており、ページ上の3番目のチェックボックスを特定するなど、あらゆる種類の新しい可能性を開いてくれる言語です。\nXPathを使う主な理由の1つは、特定したい要素に対応する適切な id 属性や name 属性がない場合があることです。 XPathを使うと、要素を絶対的に特定したり (ただし、このやり方は推奨されません)、id 属性または name 属性を持つ要素からの相対位置で要素を特定したりできます。 XPath ロケータを使って、id や name 以外の属性から要素を特定することもできます。\n絶対 XPath には、ルート (html) からのすべての要素の位置が含まれており、したがって 、アプリケーションにわずかな変更を加えただけで、XPath による特定がうまくいかなる可能性があります。 id 属性または name 属性を持つ近くの要素 (理想的には親要素) を見つけることによって、対象となる要素を相対関係に基づいて特定できるようになります。 これは、アプリケーションに変更が加えられても変わる可能性は低く、テストをより堅牢にすることができます。\nxpath ロケーターのみが \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; で始まるため、XPathロケーターを指定するときに xpath= ラベルを含める必要はありません。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - 絶対パス（HTMLが少しだけ変更された場合に壊れます） //form[1] (3) - HTMLの最初のフォーム要素 xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; という名前の属性と値 \u0026lsquo;loginForm'を持つフォーム要素 xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と値 \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; を持つ入力子要素を持つ最初のフォーム要素 //input[@name='username'] (4) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;username\u0026rsquo; という値を持つ最初の入力要素 //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - \u0026lsquo;id'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;loginForm'という値を持つフォーム要素の最初の入力子要素 //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - \u0026lsquo;name'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;continue'という値の属性、\u0026lsquo;type'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;button'という値の入力 //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - \u0026lsquo;id'という名前の属性と\u0026rsquo;loginForm'という値を持つフォーム要素の4番目の入力子要素  これらの例では、いくつかの基本的な使い方を示しています。XPath の指定方法の詳細については、次の参考資料を読むことをお勧めします。\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  また、要素のXPathを検出するのに役立つ非常に便利なFirefoxアドオンがいくつかあります。\n XPath Checker XPathおよびXPath結果のテストに使用できます。 [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPathの提案は、この非常に便利なアドオンの多くの強力な機能の1つにすぎません。  リンクテキストによるハイパーリンクの特定 これは、リンクのテキストを使用してWebページのハイパーリンクを特定する簡単な方法です。 同じテキストの2つのリンクが存在する場合、最初に一致したものが使われます。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  DOMによる特定 ドキュメントオブジェクトモデルはHTMLドキュメントを表し、JavaScriptを使用してアクセスできます。 このロケーションストラテジーでは、ページ上の要素に評価される JavaScript を使用します。 単に階層型ドット記法を使って要素の位置を特定できます。\n\u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; で始まるのは dom ロケーターだけなので、DOMロケーターを指定するときに dom= ラベルを含める必要はありません。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  Selenium それ自体に加え、ほかのサイトや拡張機能を利用すれば、作成中のアプリケーションの DOM について詳しく知ることができます。 W3Schoolsには適切なリファレンスがあります。\nCSSによる特定 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) は、HTML ドキュメントと XML ドキュメントのレンダリングについて記述するための言語です。 CSS では、セレクタを使って、ドキュメント内の要素にスタイルプロパティをバインドしています。 Selenium では、これらのセレクタをロケーションストラテジーとして利用できます。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  CSSセレクターの詳細については、the W3C publicationをご覧ください。 詳しいリファレンスもここにあります。\n暗黙のロケーター 次の状況では、ロケータータイプを省略することができます。\n  ロケーター戦略が明示的に定義されていないロケーターは、デフォルトで識別子ロケーター戦略を使用します。 idによる特定　をご覧ください。\n  \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; で始まるロケーターは、XPathロケーター戦略を使用します。 XPathによる特定 をご覧ください。\n  \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; で始まるロケーターは、DOMロケーター戦略を使用します。 DOMによる特定 をご覧ください。\n  テキストパターンとの一致 ロケータ同様、 パターン も Selenese コマンドでしばしば必要になるタイプのパラメータです。パターンを指定する必要があるコマンドとしては、 verifyTextPresent 、 verifyTitle 、 verifyAlert 、 assertConfirmation 、 verifyText 、 verifyPrompt などがあります。 また、すでに示したリンクロケータでも、パターンを使用できます。 パターンを使うと、テキストを正確に指定しなくても、期待されるテキストを特殊文字の使用を通じて 記述 することができます。\nパターンには、 globbing 、 regular expressions 、 exact の 3 つの種類があります。\nグロビングパターン ほとんどのユーザーは、グロビングについてはすでによく知っていることでしょう。 グロビングは、DOS や Unix/Linux のコマンドラインで ls *.cなどとしてファイル名を展開するときに使われています。 この例では、現在のディレクトリ内に存在する拡張子 .cで終わるすべてのファイルが表示されます。 グロビングにはかなり制限があります。 Selenium の実装でサポートされている特殊文字は、次の 2 つだけです。\n*「何にでも一致」します。すなわち、何もなし、1 文字だけ、複数の文字のすべてに一致します。\n[ ] ( 文字クラス )。\u0026ldquo;角かっこ内の任意の 1 文字に一致\u0026quot;します。 ダッシュ文字 (ハイフン。 “-“) を使って文字の範囲 (ASCII 文字セットで連続する文字の範囲) を指定できます。 文字クラスのはたらきについては、いくつか実例を挙げた方がわかりやすいでしょう。\n[aeiou] は任意の小文字の母音に一致します。\n[0-9] は任意の数字に一致します。\n[a-zA-Z0-9] は任意の英数字に一致します。\nグロビングのほとんどの実装では、3 つ目の特殊文字として ? が含まれています。 しかし、Selenium のグロビングパターンでサポートされているのは、アスタリスク (*) と文字クラスだけです。\nSelenese コマンドでグロビングパターンを指定するには、指定するパターンの前に glob: ラベルを付けます。 ただし、グロビングパターンはデフォルトなので、このラベルを省略してパターンだけを指定することもできます。\n次に示すのは、グロビングパターンの使用例です。 ページ上の実際のリンクテキストは “Film/Television Department” でした。 正確に一致するテキストではなく、パターンを使うと、リンクのテキストが “Film \u0026amp; Television Department” や “Film and Television Department” に変更された場合でも、 click コマンドが動作するようになります。 グロビングパターンのアスタリスクは、 “Film” という単語と “Television” という単語の間に何もなくても、または何があっても一致します。\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     リンクをクリックして表示されるページの実際のタイトルは “De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu” でした。正確に一致するテキストではなく、パターンを使うと、ページのタイトルに “Film” と “Television” の 2 つの単語が (この順序で) 出現する限り、 verifyTitle はパスします。 たとえば、ページのオーナーがタイトルを短縮して “Film \u0026amp; Television Department” としても、テストはパスします。リンクとリンクが動作するかどうかのテスト (上の例では verifyTitle) との両方でパターンを使うことで、こうしたテストケースの保守の手間を大幅に減らすことができます。\n正規表現パターン 正規表現 パターンは、Selenese がサポートしている 3 種類のパターンの中で最も強力です。 正規表現はほとんどの高水準プログラミング言語、多くのテキストエディタ、さらに Linux/Unix のコマンドラインユーティリティである grep や sed 、 awk など、さまざまなツールでもサポートされています。 Selenese では、正規表現パターンを使うと、それ以外の方法では実現が難しい数多くのタスクを実行することができます。 たとえば、テーブルの特定のセルに入力されているのが数字だけかどうかをテストする必要があるとします。 この場合、 regexp: [0-9]+ と指定するだけで、任意の長さの数字に一致させることができます。\nSelenese のグロビングパターンでサポートしているのは * と [ ] (文字クラス) だけですが、Selenese の正規表現パターンでは JavaScript に存在するものと同じ幅広い特殊文字を使用できます。 次に示すのは、これらの特殊文字です。\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Selenese の正規表現パターンでは、先頭に regexp: または regexpi: を付ける必要があります。 前者は大文字と小文字を区別しますが、後者は大文字と小文字を区別しません。\nSelenese コマンドでの正規表現パターンの使い方については、いくつか実例を挙げた方がわかりやすいでしょう。 最初の例は、おそらく最もよく使われる正規表現である .* (“ドットスター”) を使ったものです。 この 2 文字の並びは、「任意の文字の 0 回以上の繰り返し」、もっとかみくだいて言えば、「すべて、または何もない」ものに一致します。1 文字のグロビングパターンで * (アスタリスク 1 つ) と指定するのと等価です。\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     上のテスト例は、すでに示したグロビングパターンを使ったテストの例と機能的には同じです。 違いは、プリフィックス (glob: の代わりに regexp: が使われていること) と、「すべて、または何もない」パターンが指定されていること ( * の代わりに .* が使われていること) だけです。\n次に示すのは、アラスカ州アンカレジの日の出時刻に関する情報が掲載されている Yahoo! Weather のページを対象としたもう少し複雑なテスト例です。\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     上の例で使われている正規表現を 1 つずつ見てみましょう。\n         Sunrise: * Sunrise: という文字列とそれに続く 0 個以上の空白   [0-9]{1,2} 1 個または 2 個の数字 (時間を表す)   : 文字 : そのもの (特殊文字は使われていない)   [0-9]{2} 2 個の数字 (分を表す) とそれに続く 1 個の空白   [ap]m 文字 “a” または “p” とそれに続く “m” (am または pm)    完全一致 Selenium の 完全一致 パターンは、それほど使う機会はないでしょう。 完全一致パターンでは、特殊文字は一切使いません。 したがって、(グロビングパターンと正規表現パターンでは特別な意味を持つ) アスタリスク文字を検索する必要がある場合には、完全一致パターンを使うのも 1 つの方法です。 たとえば、ドロップダウンリストで “Real *” というラベルの付いた項目を選択する場合、次のようなコードでは、期待どおりに動作する場合もそうでない場合もあります。 glob:Real *パターンに含まれるアスタリスクは、「すべて、または何もない」ものに一致します。 したがって、目的の select のオプションより前に “Real Numbers” というラベルの付いたオプションがあれば、それが選択され、目的の “Real *” というオプションは選択されないことになります。\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    項目 “Real *” が確実に選択されるようにするには、 exact: プリフィックスを使って次のように 完全一致 パターンを指定します。\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    ただし、正規表現パターンで次のようにアスタリスクをエスケープしても同じ結果が得られます。\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    ほとんどのテスターは、アスタリスクや、文字が間に入った角かっこの対 (グロビングパターンの文字クラス指定) を検索する必要はないでしょう。 したがって、大半のユーザーにとっては、グロビングパターンと正規表現パターンだけで十分なはずです。\n“AndWait” コマンド あるコマンドとそのコマンドに対応する AndWait コマンドとの違いは、通常のコマンド (click など) が、操作を実行すると可能な限り速やかに次のコマンドの実行を続けるのに対し、 AndWait コマンド (clickAndWait など) は、操作が実行された後、ページが読み込まれるまで 待機する よう Selenium に指示する点にあります。\n目的の操作によってブラウザがほかのページに移動したり、現在のページをリロードしたりする場合には、常に AndWait コマンドを使います。\nただし、ほかのページへの移動やページの更新を伴わない操作に対して AndWait コマンドを使うと、テストは失敗します。 テストが失敗する理由は、ほかのページへの移動や更新が行われないまま AndWait のタイムアウトに達して、Selenium がタイムアウト例外を発生させるためです。\nAJAX アプリケーションにおける waitFor コマンド AJAX 駆動型 Web アプリケーションでは、ページを更新することなく、サーバーからデータが取得されます。 この場合、実際にはページが更新されないため、 andWait コマンドは動作しません。 一定時間、テストの実行を停止するやり方も、優れた対応策とは言えません。 当該時点でのシステムの応答性能、負荷、その他の制御不可能な要素によって、指定された時間よりも早く、あるいは遅く、目的の Web 要素が表示されることがあり、その場合にはテストが失敗するからです。 最も適切なアプローチは、動的な期間、必要な要素が表示されるのを待って、要素が見つかり次第、テストの実行を続行するやり方です。\nwaitFor コマンドを使うと、このようなやり方を実現できます。 waitForElementPresent や waitForVisible は、動的な期間、待機し、目的の条件が満たされるかどうかを毎秒チェックし、条件が満たされると同時にスクリプトの次のコマンドの実行を続けます。\n評価順序とフロー制御 スクリプトを実行すると、そのスクリプトに含まれるコマンドが順序に従って実行されます。\nSelenese それ自体は、条件判定文 (if-else など) または反復 (for、while など) をサポートしていません。 フロー制御を使わなくても、多くの有用なテストは実行できます。 しかし、複数のページが関係することが多い動的コンテンツをきちんとテストするには、プログラミングロジックがしばしば必要になります。\nフロー制御が必要になった場合には、次の 3 つの選択肢があります。\na) Selenium-RC と、Java や PHP といったクライアントライブラリを使ってスクリプトを実行し、プログラミング言語の持つフロー制御機能を利用する。 b) スクリプトの内部から storeEval コマンドを使って小さな JavaScript コードの断片を実行する。 c) goto_sel_ide.js extension 拡張スクリプトをインストールする。\nほとんどのテスターは、テストスクリプトをプログラミング言語ファイルにエクスポートし、Selenium-RC API を利用する方法を選択することになるでしょう (Selenium-RC API については、Selenium-RC に関する章を参照)。 ただし、組織によっては、可能な限りテストスクリプトを Selenium-IDE から実行した方が都合がよい場合もあります (テストの実行を多数の契約社員に担当させている組織や、十分なプログラミングスキルを期待できないケースなど)。 このような場合には、JavaScript コードの断片を利用する方法か、goto_sel_ide.js 拡張スクリプトを使う方法を検討するとよいでしょう。\nstore コマンド群と Selenium 変数 Selenium 変数を使うと、スクリプトの冒頭で定数を格納することができます。 また、データ駆動型テスト設計と組み合わせて使う場合には (あとのセクションで取り上げます)、コマンドライン、ほかのプログラム、またはファイルからテストプログラムに渡す値を Selenium 変数に格納することができます。\nプレーンな store コマンドは、たくさんある store コマンド群の中で最も基本的なコマンドで、Selenium 変数に単純に定数値を格納するのに使用できます。 store コマンドは、変数に格納するテキスト値と Selenium 変数の 2 つのパラメータを取ります。 変数の名前を付けるときは、英数文字だけを使う標準的な命名規則に従ってください。\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     上のように記述すると、スクリプトのあとの方で、変数に格納された値を利用できます。 変数の値にアクセスするには、次に示すように、変数をブレース ({}) で囲み、先頭にドル記号を付けます。\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    変数の一般的な使い方の 1 つに、入力フィールドへの入力を格納する操作があります。\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium 変数は、最初のパラメータにも 2 番目のパラメータにも使用することができます。 コマンドのパラメータに変数が使われている場合、変数は、このコマンドが実行するほかのあらゆる操作に先立って Selenium によって解釈されます。 Selenium 変数をロケータ表現の内部で使うこともできます。\nverify および assert コマンドのそれぞれに対し、対応する store コマンドが存在します。 これらのコマンドのうち、よく使われるものを以下に示します。\nstoreElementPresent storeElementPresent は、verifyElementPresent に対応するコマンドです。 このコマンドは、UI 要素が見つかったかどうかに応じて、ブール値 (“true” または “false” のいずれか) を格納します。\nstoreText StoreText は、verifyText に対応するコマンドです。 このコマンドはロケータを使ってページ上の特定のテキストを探します。 テキストが見つかった場合には、そのテキストが変数に格納されます。 storeText を使うと、テスト対象のページからテキストを抽出することができます。\nstoreEval storeEval の最初のパラメータにはスクリプトを指定します。 JavaScript を Selenese に埋め込む方法については、次のセクションで取り上げます。 テストの中で storeEval を使うと、スクリプトの実行結果を変数に格納することができます。\nJavaScript と Selenese パラメータ JavaScript は、 スクリプト と非スクリプト (一般には式) の 2 つの種類の Selenese パラメータで使用できます。 ほとんどの場合は、Selenese パラメータに指定された JavaScript コードの断片の中で、テストケース変数にアクセスしたり操作したりすることが多いでしょう。 テストケース内で作成されたすべての変数は、JavaScript の 連想配列 に格納されます。連想配列とは、連番の添字ではなく、文字列を添字にもつ配列のことです。 作成したテストケースの変数が格納される連想配列には、 storedVars という名前が付けられます。 JavaScript コードの断片で変数にアクセスしたり操作したりするには、必ず storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;] の形で参照する必要があります。\nスクリプトパラメータでの JavaScript の使用 いくつかの Selenese コマンド、たとえば assertEval 、 verifyEval 、 storeEval 、 waitForEval などのコマンドでは、 スクリプト パラメータを指定します。これらのパラメータでは特別な構文は必要ありません。 Selenium-IDE ユーザーなら、JavaScript コードの断片の適切なフィールドを入力するだけです (通常、入力先のフィールドは 対象 フィールドです。 スクリプト パラメータは一般に、最初のパラメータか唯一のパラメータのいずれかだからです) 。\n次に示すのは、JavaScript コードの断片を使って簡単な算術演算を行う例です。\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    次に示すのは、JavaScript コードの断片でメソッドを呼び出す例です。 この例では、JavaScript String オブジェクトの toUpperCase メソッドと toLowerCase メソッドを呼び出しています。\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    非スクリプトパラメータでの JavaScript の使用 コマンドが取るパラメータの種類が スクリプト ではない場合でも、パラメータに使う値を JavaScript を使って生成することができます。 ただし、この場合には特別な構文が必要になり、JavaScript コードの断片をブレースで囲み、その前にラベル javascript を付ける必要があります。 具体的には、 javascript {*ここにコードを記述*} のように指定します。 次に示すのは、 type コマンドの 2 番目のパラメータ value を、特別な構文を使って JavaScript コードから生成する例です。\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - Selenese の Print コマンド Selenese には、テスト出力にテキストを書き込むことができる簡単なコマンドが用意されています。 このコマンドを使うと、テストの実行中に進捗状況を示す情報をコンソールに表示できるので便利です。 これらの情報を使えば、テスト結果のレポートに実行時の状況を埋め込むこともできるので、テストで問題が見つかったときに、ページ上のどこにバグがあるのか探すのに役立ちます。 また、echo 文を使うと、Selenium 変数の内容を出力できます。次に例を示します。\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     警告、ポップアップ、および複数のウィンドウ 次のようなページをテストしているとします。\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; ユーザーは、アラート/確認ボックスに応答するとともに、新しく開いたポップアップウィンドウにフォーカスを移動する必要があります。 幸いなことに、SeleniumはJavaScriptポップアップをカバーできます。\nただし、アラート/確認/プロンプトを個別に詳細に説明する前に、それらの共通点を理解しておくと役立ちます。 アラート、確認ボックス、プロンプトにはすべて次のバリエーションがあります。\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) パターンがポップアップのテキストと一致しない場合、エラーをスローします   assertFooPresent ポップアップが利用できない場合はエラーをスローします   assertFooNotPresent ポップアップが存在する場合、エラーをスローします   storeFoo(variable) ポップアップのテキストを変数に保存します   storeFooPresent(variable) ポップアップのテキストを変数に保存し、trueまたはfalseを返します    Seleniumで実行している場合、JavaScriptポップアップは表示されません。 これは、関数呼び出しが実行時に実際にSeleniumのJavaScriptによってオーバーライドされるためです。 ただし、ポップアップが表示されないからといって、ポップアップを処理する必要はありません。 ポップアップを処理するには、その assertFoo(pattern) 関数を呼び出す必要があります。 ポップアップの存在をアサートしないと、次のコマンドがブロックされ、次のようなエラーが表示されます。 [エラー]エラー：予期しない確認がありました！ [オプションを選択してください。]\nアラート アラートは処理が最も簡単なポップアップなので、始めましょう。 まず、ブラウザで上記のHTMLサンプルを開き、\u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。 アラートを閉じると、\u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; というテキストが表示されます。 ページに表示されます。 次に、Selenium IDE記録で同じ手順を実行し、アラートを閉じた後にテキストが追加されたことを確認します。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     あなたは「それはおかしい、私はそのアラートをアサートしようとしたことはない」と考えているかもしれません。 ただし、これはSelenium-IDEの処理であり、アラートを閉じます。 そのステップを削除してテストを再生すると、次のエラーが表示されます [エラー]エラー：予期しないアラートがありました！ [I'm blocking!] 。 アラートの存在を確認するには、アラートのアサーションを含める必要があります。\nアラートが存在することをアサートしたいが、アラートに含まれるテキストがわからないか気にする必要がない場合は、assertAlertPresentを使うことができます。 これはtrueまたはfalseを返し、falseはテストを停止します。\n確認 確認はアラートとほぼ同じように動作し、 assertConfirmation と assertConfirmationPresent は対応するアラートと同じ特性を提供します。 ただし、デフォルトでは、確認が表示されたときにSeleniumはOKを選択します。 サンプルページの\u0026quot;確認ダイアログを表示\u0026quot;ボタンをクリックして記録を試みますが、ポップアップの\u0026quot;キャンセル\u0026quot;ボタンをクリックして、出力テキストをアサートします。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation 関数は、後続のすべての確認がfalseを返すことをSeleniumに伝えます。 chooseOkOnNextConfirmationを呼び出すことでリセットできます。\nSeleniumは未処理の確認があると苦情を言うので、このテストを再生できないことに気付くかもしれません。 これは、Selenium-IDEが記録するイベントの順序により、クリックしてchooseCancelOnNextConfirmationが間違った順序になるためです（考えてみれば、Seleniumは、確認を開く前にキャンセルしていることを知ることができません）。 これら2つのコマンドを切り替えると、テストは正常に実行されます。\nプロンプト プロンプトは、assertPrompt および assertPromptPresent が対応するアラートと同じ特性を提供することで、アラートとほぼ同じように動作します。 デフォルトでは、Seleniumはプロンプトがポップアップしたときにデータの入力を待機します。 サンプルページの \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックして記録を試み、プロンプトに \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; と入力します。 テストは次のようになります。\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     プロンプトで\u0026quot;キャンセル\u0026quot;を選択すると、 answerOnNextPrompt が単に空白のターゲットを表示することに気付くかもしれません。 Seleniumは、プロンプトのキャンセルと空白のエントリを基本的に同じものとして扱います。\nデバッグ デバッグとはテストケースのエラーを見つけて解決する作業のことです。 デバッグはテストケース開発に含まれる通常の工程です。\nほとんどの Selenium 初心者もデバッグについてはすでに基礎知識を持っているでしょうから、ここではデバッグそのものについてはふれません。 デバッグをするのがまったく初めてという場合には、社内や組織内の開発者にアドバイスをもらってください。\nブレークポイントと開始位置 Selenium-IDE では、テストケース内の任意の位置でテストケースの実行を開始または停止するためのブレークポイントの指定と開始位置の指定がサポートされています。 この機能を使うと、テストケースの途中の特定のコマンドでテストケースの実行を停止させ、その時点でのテストケースの動作を調べることができます。 この場合、具体的には、調べようとするコマンドの直前のコマンドにブレークポイントを指定します。\nブレークポイントを指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで ブレークポイントの指定/解除 をクリックします。 テストケースを最初からブレークポイントまで実行するには、\u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。\nテストケースの途中から最後まで、または最初からブレークポイントまでの部分を実行できると便利なことがあります。 たとえば、最初に Web サイトにログインし、次に一連のテストを実行するテストケースを作成していて、ログイン後の一連のテストのいずれかをデバッグしたい場合などです。 この場合、ログインは 1 度すれば不要になりますが、その後のテストは繰り返し実行する必要があります。 このようなテストケースでは、いったんログインした後、ログイン操作の後に開始位置を指定し、この開始位置からテストケースを実行することができます。 こうすれば、テストケースを再実行するたびに手動で Web サイトからログアウトする必要はなくなります。\n開始位置を指定するには、コマンドを選択し、右クリックして表示されるコンテキストメニューで 開始位置の指定/解除 をクリックします。テストケースを開始位置から実行するには、\u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックします。\nテストケースのステップ実行 テストケースのコマンドを 1 つずつ実行 (ステップ実行) するには、次の手順に従います。\n  ツールバーの \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックしてテストケースの実行を開始します。\n  すぐに \u0026ldquo;Pause\u0026rdquo; ボタンをクリックして、テストケースの実行を一時停止します。\n  \u0026ldquo;Step\u0026rdquo; ボタンを繰り返しクリックします。\n  検索ボタン 検索ボタンを使うと、現在 (ブラウザに) 表示されている Web ページ上の UI 要素のうち、現在選択されている Selenium コマンドで使われているのはどの UI 要素かを知ることができます。 この機能は、コマンドの最初のパラメータでロケータを使う場合に便利です (Selenium のコマンドに関する章の 要素の特定 を参照)。 検索ボタンは、Web ページ上の UI 要素を指定する必要があるあらゆるコマンド、すなわち click 、 clickAndWait 、 type 、および一部の assert と verify コマンドなどで使用できます。\nテーブルタブで、ロケータパラメータを持ついずれかのコマンドを選択します。 検索ボタンをクリックします。 Firebox ブラウザに表示されている Web ページに注目します。 ロケータパラメータで指定されている要素が、明るい緑の四角で囲んで表示されます。\nデバッグ時のページソースの参照 テストケースをデバッグするときは、しばしばページソース (テスト対象の Web ページの HTML) を参照して問題を解決しなければなりません。 Firefox では、ページソースも簡単に参照できます。 具体的には、目的の Web ページを右クリックし、\u0026ldquo;ページのソースを表示\u0026rdquo; を選択するだけです。 これで、ソースの HTML が別のウィンドウに表示されます。 テスト対象の UI 要素を HTML から見つけるためのキーワードを検索するには、このウィンドウの \u0026ldquo;編集\u0026rdquo; メニューにある \u0026ldquo;検索\u0026rdquo; を使ってください。\nまた、ソースを見たい Web ページの一部を選択し、右クリックして表示されるメニューから \u0026ldquo;選択した部分のソースを表示\u0026rdquo; をクリックする方法もあります。 この場合は、ソースの一部だけが別のウィンドウに表示され、選択した部分が強調表示されます。\nロケータアシスタンス Selenium-IDE は、ロケータ型引数を記録するたびに追加情報を保存し、この追加情報を使って、代わりに使用できるほかのロケータ型引数をユーザーに提示できるようにしています。 この機能は、ロケータについて詳しく学ぶ上で非常に有益なだけでなく、記録された型とは異なる型のロケータを使う場合にしばしば必要となります。\nロケータアシスタンスは、Selenium-IDE ウィンドウ内の \u0026ldquo;対象\u0026rdquo; フィールドの右端にドロップダウンリストとして表示されます (ドロップダウンリストが表示されるのは、\u0026ldquo;対象\u0026rdquo; フィールドに入力されている引数が、記録されたロケータ型引数である場合だけです)。 次に示すのは、あるコマンドのドロップダウンリストの内容です。 ドロップダウンリストの最初の列には、代わりに使用できるロケータが表示され、2 列目にはそれぞれの型が表示されることに注意してください。\nテストスイートの作成 テストスイートとはテストケースの集合のことで、Selenium-IDE ウィンドウの一番左にある \u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインに表示されます。 \u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインを手動で開いたり閉じたりするには、\u0026ldquo;テストケース\u0026rdquo; ペインの右端 (ペインが閉じている場合は Selenium-IDE ウィンドウ全体の左端になります) の半分ほど下にある小さな点を選択します。\n\u0026ldquo;テストスイート\u0026rdquo; ペインは、既存のテストスイートが開かれるか、 または ユーザーが \u0026ldquo;ファイル\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;テストケースを新規作成\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると、自動的に開きます。 後者の場合、新しいテストケースは直前のテストケースのすぐ下に表示されます。\n既存のテストケースをテストスイートに読み込む操作は、Selenium-IDE ではまだサポートされていません。既存のテストケースを追加して、テストスイートを作成または修正するには、ユーザーが手動でテストスイートファイルを編集する必要があります。\nテストスイートファイルは、1 列のテーブルを含む HTML ファイルです。 \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; セクション内の各行のセルには、テストケースへのリンクが収められています。 次に示すのは、4 つのテストケースを含むテストスイートの例です。\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; 注 : テストケースファイルは、呼び出し元のテストスイートファイルと同じ場所に置く必要はありません。 実際、Mac OS と Linux システムではそのとおりです。 ただし、この項目の執筆時点では、Windows システムで使う場合にはバグがあって、テストケースファイルを呼び出し元のテストスイートファイルと別の場所に置くことはできません。\nユーザー拡張スクリプト ユーザー拡張スクリプトは、ユーザー独自のカスタマイズや機能を作成して Selenium の機能を拡張できる JavaScript ファイルです。 多くの場合、コマンドのカスタマイズという形を取りますが、ユーザー拡張スクリプトによる機能拡張はコマンドの追加だけに限定されません。\n重要 : このセクションは期限切れです。近日中に改訂します。\nユーザーが作成した多くの有益な 拡張スクリプト があります。\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nおそらく Selenium-IDE のすべての拡張スクリプトの中で最も人気があるのは、while ループとプリミティブな条件判定によってフロー制御を可能にする goto_sel_ide.js でしょう。 この拡張スクリプトの使用例については、作者が用意した ページ を参照してください。\nこの拡張スクリプトをインストールするには、Selenium-IDE の \u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューで \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックし、 \u0026ldquo;一般\u0026rdquo; タブの Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドに、ファイルのパス名を入力します。\nOK ボタンをクリックしたら、拡張スクリプトを読み込むために、Selenium-IDE をいったん閉じて開く必要があります。 また、拡張スクリプトに変更を加えた場合も、Selenium-IDE をいったん閉じて開く必要があります。\n独自の拡張スクリプトを作成する方法については、Selenium リファレンス ドキュメントの終わりの方に説明があります。\nステップごとにSelenium IDEとユーザー拡張機能をデバッグすると非常に役立つことがあります。 XUL/Chromeベースの拡張機能をデバッグできると思われる唯一のデバッガーは、バージョン32が含まれるまでFirefoxでサポートされているVenkmanです。 段階的なデバッグは、Firefox 32およびSelenium IDE 2.9.0で動作することが確認されています。\nフォーマット (形式) \u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると表示される \u0026ldquo;フォーマット\u0026rdquo; タブでは、テストケースの保存と表示に使う言語を選択できます。 デフォルトは \u0026ldquo;HTML\u0026rdquo; です。\n作成したテストケースを Selenium-RC を使って実行する場合には、作成されたテストケースをプログラミング言語に変換するためにこの機能が使われます。 テストプログラムの開発用に Selenium-RC で使う言語 (\u0026ldquo;Java\u0026rdquo;、\u0026ldquo;PHP\u0026rdquo; など) を選択し、次に \u0026ldquo;ファイル\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;保存\u0026rdquo; を使ってテストケースを保存します。 これで、テストケースは、選択した言語の一連の関数に変換されます。 テストをサポートするプログラムコードは、基本的に、ユーザーに代わって Selenium-IDE によって生成されます。\n生成されたコードが自分のニーズに合わないときは、生成プロセスが定義された設定ファイルを編集することで、生成されるコードを変更できることに注意してください。サポートされている言語ごとに設定があり、これらの設定を編集できます。設定は、\u0026ldquo;オプション\u0026rdquo; メニューの \u0026ldquo;設定\u0026rdquo; をクリックすると表示される \u0026ldquo;フォーマット\u0026rdquo; タブにあります。\n異なるブラウザでの Selenium-IDE テストの実行 Selenium-IDE 自体は Firefox を対象にしたテストしか実行できませんが、Selenium-IDE で作成したテストは、Selenium-RC サーバーを呼び出すシンプルなコマンドラインインタフェースを使うことで、ほかのブラウザを対象に実行することができます。 詳細については、Selenium-RC に関する章の Selenese テストの実行 を参照してください。 特に関連性が高いのは、 -htmlSuite コマンドラインオプションです。\nトラブルシューティング 以下は、Selenium-IDE で発生することが多いさまざまな問題について、実際の画面を示しながら説明したものです。\nTable view is not available with this format.\nこのメッセージは、Selenium IDEの起動時に\u0026quot;テーブル\u0026quot;タブに表示されることがあります。 回避策は、Selenium IDEを閉じて再度開くことです。 詳細については、 issue 1008 を参照してください。 これを確実に再現できる場合は、修正に取り組むことができるように詳細を提供してください。\n error loading test case: no command found\n「ファイル」メニューの「開く」を使用して、テストスイートファイルを開こうとしました。 代わりに「ファイル」メニューの「テストスイートを開く」を使用してください。\nこのエラーメッセージを改善するために、機能の拡張がリクエストされました。 詳細は、issue 1010を参照してください。\n このタイプの エラー は、タイミングの問題を示している可能性があります。 つまり、コマンドのロケーターによって指定された要素が、コマンドの実行時に完全にロードされていません。 コマンドの前に pause 5000 を入れて、問題が本当にタイミングに関連しているかどうかを判断してください。 その場合、失敗したコマンドの前に適切な waitFor* または *AndWait コマンドを使って調査してください。\n 上記の open コマンドの場合のように変数置換を使用しようとして失敗した場合は、アクセスしようとしている値を持つ変数を実際に作成していないことを示します。 これは、変数を Target フィールドに配置する必要がある場合に Value フィールドに配置するか、その逆の場合があります。 上記の例では、storeコマンドの2つのパラメーターが、必要なものと逆の順序で誤って配置されています。 Seleneseコマンドの場合、最初の必須パラメーターは Target フィールドに入力し、2番目の必須パラメーター（存在する場合）は Value フィールドに入力する必要があります。\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nテストスイートのテストケースの1つが見つかりません。 テストケースが配置されていることを示すテストスイートが実際に配置されていることを確認してください。 また、実際のテストケースファイルのファイル名と参照先のテストスイートファイルの両方に.html拡張子が付いていることを確認してください。\nこのエラーメッセージを改善するために、機能の拡張がリクエストされました。 詳細は、issue 1011を参照してください。\n 拡張ファイルの内容が、Selenium-IDEによって読み取られていません。 Selenium-IDE の “オプション” メニューで “設定” をクリックし、 “一般” タブ の Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドに適切なパス名を指定していることを確認してください。 また、 Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス フィールドの内容を変更した後は、Selenium-IDEを再起動する必要があります。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/","title":"待機","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverは一般にブロッキングAPIを持っていると言えます。 ブラウザーに処理を 指示する Out-of-Processライブラリであり、Webプラットフォームは本質的に非同期の性質を持っているため、WebDriverはDOMのアクティブでリアルタイムな状態を追跡しません。 このことは、ここで説明するいくつかの課題が出てきます。\n経験から、SeleniumとWebDriverの使用から生じる断続的なもののほとんどは、ブラウザーとユーザーの指示の間で発生する 競合状態 に関連しています。 たとえば、ユーザーがブラウザーにページに移動するように指示し、要素を見つけようとすると、no such element エラーが表示される場合があります。\n次のドキュメントを考えてみましょう。\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; WebDriverの指示は十分問題なく見えるかもしれません。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     ここでは、WebDriverで使用されるデフォルトの ページロード戦略 がdocument.readyStateをリッスンして、ナビゲーションの呼び出しから戻る前に\u0026quot;complete\u0026quot;に変更することが問題です。ドキュメントの読み込みが完了した後にp要素が追加されるため、このWebDriverスクリプトは断続的になる 可能性があります。 これらのイベントを明示的に待機（またはブロック）せずに非同期でトリガーする要素またはイベントについては保証できないため、断続的である可能性があります。\n幸いなことに、 WebElement.click や WebElement.sendKeys などのWebElementインターフェイスで使用可能な通常の命令セットを使用すると、コマンドの呼び出しがブラウザーで完了するまで関数呼び出しが返されない（または、コールバックはコールバックスタイルの言語ではトリガーされない）ため、同期が保証されます。高度なユーザーインタラクションAPIであるキーボードとマウスは、 \u0026ldquo;言うことをする\u0026rdquo; 非同期コマンドとして明示的に意図されているため、例外です。\n待機とは、自動化されたタスクの実行を一定時間経過させてから次のステップに進むことです。\nブラウザーとWebDriverスクリプト間の競合状態の問題を克服するために、ほとんどのSeleniumクライアントには待機パッケージが付属しています。待機を使用する場合、一般に明示的な待機と呼ばれるものを使用しています。\n明示的な待機 Seleniumクライアントは、命令型の手続き型言語の 明示的な待機 を利用できます。 これにより、 条件 が解決するまで、コードでプログラムの実行を停止したり、スレッドをフリーズしたりできます。 条件は、明示的な待機のタイムアウトが経過するまで特定の頻度で呼び出されます。 つまり、条件がfalseの値を返す限り、試行、待機し続けます。\n明示的な待機により条件が発生するのを待機できるため、ブラウザーとそのDOM、およびWebDriverスクリプトの間で状態を同期するのに適しています。\n以前のバグのある命令セットを修正するには、スクリプトから動的に追加された要素がDOMに追加されるまで、 findElement 呼び出しを待機させるために待機を採用できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     戻り値がtrueになるまで 待機 が繰り返し実行される関数リファレンスとして 条件 を渡します。 \u0026ldquo;真の\u0026quot;戻り値とは、文字列、数値、ブール値、オブジェクト（ WebElement を含む）、または入力された（空でない）シーケンスまたはリストなど、手元の言語でブール値trueと評価されるものです。 つまり、 空のリスト はfalseと評価されます。 条件がtrueで、ブロッキング待機が中止されると、条件からの戻り値が待機の戻り値になります。\nこのナレッジと、ウェイトユーティリティはデフォルトで no such element エラーを無視するため、より簡潔になるように命令をリファクタリングできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     この例では、匿名関数を渡します（ただし、以前に行ったように明示的に定義して再利用できるようにすることもできます）。 条件に渡される最初で唯一の引数は、常にドライバーオブジェクト　WebDriver　への参照です。 マルチスレッド環境では、外部スコープ内のドライバーへのリファレンスではなく、条件に渡されたドライバーのリファレンスを操作するように注意する必要があります。\n待機は、要素が見つからないときに発生する no such element エラーを飲み込むため、要素が見つかるまで条件は再試行されます。 次に、戻り値である WebElement を取得して、スクリプトに渡します。\n条件が失敗した場合、例えば条件からの真の戻り値に到達しない場合、待機は timeout error と呼ばれるエラー/例外をスロー/発生させます。\nオプション 待機条件は、ニーズに合わせてカスタマイズできます。 成功した条件にヒットしないことに対するペナルティは高額になる可能性があるため、デフォルトのタイムアウトの全範囲を待つ必要がない場合があります。\nWebDriverWaitに引数を渡してタイムアウトをオーバーライドできます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     期待される条件 DOMと指示を同期しなければならないことは非常に一般的であるため、ほとんどのクライアントには事前に定義された一連の _期待される条件_もあります。 名前から明らかなように、これらは頻繁な待機操作に対して事前定義されている条件です。\n異なる言語バインディングで利用可能な条件は異なりますが、これは少数の抜粋したリストです。\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  各クライアントバインディングのAPIドキュメントを参照して、予想される条件の完全なリストを見つけることができます。\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  暗黙的な待機 暗黙的な待機 と呼ばれる明示的な待機とは異なる2番目の種類の待機があります。 暗黙的に待機することにより、WebDriverは 何か 要素を見つけようとするときに特定の期間DOMをポーリングします。 これは、Webページ上の特定の要素がすぐに利用できず、ロードに時間がかかる場合に役立ちます。\n要素の表示を暗黙的に待機することはデフォルトで無効になっており、セッションごとに手動で有効にする必要があります。 明示的な待機と暗黙的な待機を混在させると、意図しない結果、すなわち、要素が利用可能または条件が真であっても、最大時間スリープする待機が発生します。\n警告 : 暗黙的な待機と明示的な待機を混在させないでください。 これを行うと、予測できない待機時間が発生する可能性があります。 たとえば、10秒の暗黙的な待機と15秒の明示的な待機を設定すると、20秒後にタイムアウトが発生する可能性があります。\n暗黙的な待機は、1つまたは複数の要素がすぐに利用できない場合にそれらを見つけようとするときにWebDriverにDOMを一定時間ポーリングするように指示することです。 デフォルト設定は0で、無効を意味します。 設定すると、セッションの存続期間中、暗黙的な待機が設定されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWaitインスタンスは、条件を待機する最大時間を定義します。 状態を確認する頻度も同様です。\nユーザーは、ページ上の要素を検索するときのNoSuchElementExceptionなど、待機中に特定の種類の例外を無視するように待機を構成できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"高度な機能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"高度な機能のすべての詳細を取得し、それがどのように機能するか、および独自の設定方法を理解するには、次のセクションを参照してください。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriverは、ユーザーがローカルまたはSeleniumサーバーを使用するリモートマシンで行うように、ブラウザをネイティブに動かし、ブラウザの自動化に関して大きく前進します。\nSelenium WebDriverは言語バインディングと個々のブラウザ制御コードの実装の両方を参照します。\nこれは通常、単に WebDriver と呼ばれます。\nSelenium WebDriverは、W3C勧告です。\n  WebDriverはシンプルでより簡潔なプログラミングインターフェイスとして設計されています。\n  WebDriverはコンパクトなオブジェクト指向APIです。\n  ブラウザーを効果的に動かします。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"グリッドエンドポイント","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Japanese. Do you speak Japanese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"サポートクラス","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverサポートクラスは、コードのメンテナンスを簡素化するために提供されています。 ドメインオブジェクトとしてのHTML要素のモデリングを容易にする優れた抽象化を提供し、そのようなオブジェクトの使用を推論しやすくするヘルパーメソッドも提供します。 ここでは下記について学びます。\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  さぁ、始めましょう。\nThreadGuard  このクラスは、Javaバインディングでのみ使用可能です。\n ThreadGuardは、ドライバーが、それを作成した同じスレッドからのみ呼び出されることを確認します。 特に並行してテストを実行する場合のスレッドの問題は、不可解でエラーの診断が難しい場合があります。 このラッパーを使用すると、このカテゴリのエラーが防止され、発生時に例外が発生します。\n次の例は、スレッドの衝突をシミュレートします。\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } 結果は以下のとおりです。\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour 下記例を参照してください。\n protectedDriver はメインスレッドで作成されます Java Runnableを使用して新しいプロセスを起動し、新しいスレッドを使用してプロセスを実行します メインスレッドのメモリにprotectedDriverがないため、両方のスレッドが衝突します。 ThreadGuard.protectは例外をスローします。  注意: これは、並列実行時にドライバーを管理するために ThreadLocalを使用する必要性を置き換えるものではありません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"テストの依存関係","tags":[],"description":"","content":"自動テストに関する一般的な考え方と誤解は、特定のテスト順序に関するものです。 テストは 任意 の順序で実行でき、成功するために完了するために他のテストに依存してはなりません。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"リモートWebDriverサーバー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"サーバーは、テストするブラウザーがインストールされたマシンで常に実行されます。 サーバーは、コマンドラインから、またはコード設定を通じて使用できます。\nコマンドラインからサーバーを起動する 一旦、selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jarをダウンロードしたら、テストしたいブラウザーのあるコンピューターに配置します。 次に、jarを含むディレクトリから、次のコマンドを実行します。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar サーバーを実行するにあたって考慮すること 呼び出し元は、Selenium#stop()またはWebDriver#quitを呼び出して、各セッションを適切に終了すべきです。\nselenium-serverは、進行中の各セッションのメモリ内ログを保持します。 これらのログは、Selenium#stop()またはWebDriver#quitが呼び出されるとクリアされます。 これらのセッションの終了を忘れると、サーバーでメモリリークが発生する可能性があります。 非常に長時間実行されるセッションを維持する場合は、時々停止または終了する必要があります（または-Xmx jvmオプションでメモリを増やします）。\nタイムアウト (version 2.21以降) サーバーには2つの異なるタイムアウトがあり、次のように設定できます。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  ブラウザーのハングを許可する時間を制御します（値は秒単位）。   timeout  セッションが回収されるまでにクライアントがいなくなる時間を制御します（値は秒単位）。    システムプロパティselenium.server.session.timeoutは、2.21からサポートされなくなりました。\nbrowserTimeoutは、通常のタイムアウトメカニズムが失敗した場合の予備のタイムアウトメカニズムであることに注意してください。これは主にグリッド/サーバー環境で使用され、クラッシュ/失われたプロセスが長く滞留、ランタイム環境を汚染しないようにします。\nプログラムでサーバーを構成する 理論的には、プロセスはDriverServletをURLにマッピングするのと同じくらい簡単ですが、ページを全体的にコードで構成されたJettyなどの軽量コンテナでホストすることもできます。これを行う手順は次のとおりです。\nselenium-server.zipをダウンロードして解凍します。 JARをCLASSPATHに配置します。 AppServerという新しいクラスを作成します。 ここでは、Jettyを使用しているので、それもダウンロードする必要があります。\nimport org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"改善されたレポート","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは、実行されたテストケースのステータスをレポートするようには設計されていません。 単体テストフレームワークの組み込みのレポート機能を利用することは、良いスタートです。 ほとんどの単体テストフレームワークには、xUnitまたはHTML形式のレポートを生成できるレポートがあります。 xUnitレポートは、Jenkins、Travis、Bambooなどの継続的インテグレーション（CI）サーバーに結果をインポートするのに人気があります。 いくつかの言語のレポート出力に関する詳細情報へのリンクがあります。\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverは、JavaScriptが提供する3種類のネイティブポップアップメッセージを操作するためのAPIを提供します。 これらのポップアップはブラウザーによってスタイルが設定され、カスタマイズが制限されています。\nアラート これらの最も単純なものはアラートと呼ばれ、カスタムメッセージと、ほとんどのブラウザーでOKのラベルが付いたアラートを非表示にする単一のボタンを表示します。 ほとんどのブラウザーでは閉じるボタンを押すことで閉じることもできますが、これは常にOKボタンと同じことを行います。 アラートの例を参照してください。\nWebDriverはポップアップからテキストを取得し、これらのアラートを受け入れるか、または閉じることができます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     確認 確認ダイアログボックスはアラートに似ていますが、ユーザーがメッセージをキャンセルすることも選択できる点が異なります。 サンプルを確認してください。\nこの例は、アラートを保存する別の方法も示しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     プロンプト プロンプトは確認ボックスに似ていますが、テキスト入力も含まれている点が異なります。 フォーム要素の操作と同様に、WebDriverの送信キーを使用して応答を入力できます。 これにより、プレースホルダーテキストが完全に置き換えられます。 キャンセルボタンを押してもテキストは送信されません。 サンプルプロンプトを参照してください。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"クッキーの使用","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cookieは、Webサイトから送信され、コンピューターに保存される小さなデータです。 Cookieは、主にユーザーを認識し、保存されている情報を読み込むために使用されます。\nWebDriver APIは、組み込みメソッドでCookieと対話するメソッドを提供します。\nクッキーの追加 現在のブラウジングコンテキストにCookieを追加するために使用されます。 Cookieの追加では、一連の定義済みのシリアル化可能なJSONオブジェクトのみを受け入れます。 受け入れられたJSONキー値のリストへのリンクはこちらにあります。\nまず、Cookieが有効になるドメインにいる必要があります。 サイトとの対話を開始する前にCookieを事前設定しようとしていて、ホームページが大きい場合/代替の読み込みに時間がかかる場合は、サイトで小さいページを見つけることです。（通常、たとえば http://example.com/some404page のような、404ページは小さいです。）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     命名されたクッキーの取得 関連付けられているすべてのCookieの中で、Cookie名と一致するシリアル化されたCookieデータを返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     全てのクッキーの取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキストの \u0026lsquo;成功したシリアル化されたCookieデータ\u0026rsquo; を返します。 ブラウザが使用できなくなった場合、エラーが返されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     クッキーの削除 指定されたCookie名と一致するCookieデータを削除します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     全てのクッキーの削除 現在のブラウジングコンテキストの全てのCookieを削除します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     SameSite Cookie属性 これにより、ユーザーは、サードパーティのサイトによって開始されたリクエストとともに Cookieを送信するかどうかをブラウザに指示できます。 CSRF（クロスサイトリクエストフォージェリ）攻撃を防ぐために導入されました。\nSameSite Cookie属性は、2つのパラメーターを命令として受け入れます。\nStrict: SameSite属性が Strict に設定されている場合、CookieはサードパーティのWebサイトによって 開始されたリクエストとともに送信されません。\nLax: CookieのSameSite属性を Lax に設定すると、CookieはサードパーティのWebサイトによって 開始されたGETリクエストとともに送信されます。\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"パフォーマンステスト","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常、SeleniumとWebDriverを使用したパフォーマンステストはお勧めしません。 それができないからではなく、ジョブに最適化されておらず、良い結果が得られないからです。\nユーザーのコンテキストでパフォーマンステストを行うのが理想的なように思えるかもしれませんが、WebDriverテストスイートは、外部および内部の脆弱性の多くのポイントにさらされます。 たとえば、ブラウザの起動速度、HTTPサーバーの速度、JavaScriptまたはCSSをホストするサードパーティサーバーの応答、およびWebDriver実装自体の計測ペナルティ。 これらのポイントが変わることで、結果が変わります。 Webサイトのパフォーマンスと外部リソースのパフォーマンスの違いを区別することは困難です。また、ブラウザでWebDriverを使用すること、特にスクリプトを挿入する場合のパフォーマンスの低下を把握することも困難です。\n他の潜在的な魅力は \u0026ldquo;時間の節約\u0026rdquo; です。 機能テストとパフォーマンステストを同時に実行します。 ただし、機能テストとパフォーマンステストには反対の目的があります。 機能をテストするために、テスターは忍耐強くロードを待つ必要があるかもしれませんが、これはパフォーマンステスト結果を曖昧にし、その逆もまた同様です。\nWebサイトのパフォーマンスを改善するには、改善すべき点を知るために、環境の違いに関係なく全体的なパフォーマンスを分析し、貧弱なコードプラクティス、個々のリソース（例えば、CSSまたはJavaScript）のパフォーマンスの内訳を特定できる必要があります。 このジョブを実行できるパフォーマンステストツールが既にあり、それらは改善を提案できるレポートと分析を提供します。\n使用する（オープンソース）パッケージの例は次のとおりです。: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/","title":"リモートWebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"リモートWebDriver WebDriverは、ローカルで使用するのと同じ方法でリモートで使用できます。 主な違いは、リモートWebDriverを設定して、別のマシンでテストを実行できるようにする必要があることです。\nリモートWebDriverは、クライアントとサーバーの2つの部分で構成されています。 クライアントはWebDriverテストであり、サーバーは単純なJavaサーブレットで最新のJEEアプリサーバーでホストすることができます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"状態を共有しない","tags":[],"description":"","content":"いくつかの場所で言及されていますが、再度言及する価値があります。 テストが互いに分離されていることを確認してください。\n  テストデータを共有しないでください。 アクションを実行する1つを選択する前に、それぞれが有効な注文をデータベースに照会するいくつかのテストを想像してください。 2つのテストで同じ順序を選択すると、予期しない動作が発生する可能性があります。\n  別のテストで取得される可能性のあるアプリケーション内の古いデータを削除します。 例: 無効な注文レコード\n  テストごとに新しいWebDriverインスタンスを作成します。 これにより、テストの分離が保証され、並列化がより簡単になります。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Httpプロキシ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"プロキシサーバーは、クライアントとサーバー間の要求の仲介役として機能します。 簡単に言えば、トラフィックはプロキシサーバーを経由して、要求したアドレスに戻り、戻ってきます。\nSeleniumを使用した自動化スクリプト用のプロキシサーバーは、\n ネットワークトラフィックをキャプチャする ウェブサイトによって行われた模擬バックエンドを呼び出す 複雑なネットワークトポロジーまたは厳格な企業の制限/ポリシーの下で、必要なWebサイトにアクセスします。  企業環境でブラウザがURLへの接続に失敗した場合、環境にアクセスするにはプロキシが必要であることが原因であることが最も可能性が高いです。\nSelenium WebDriverは設定をプロキシする方法を提供します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"ガイドラインとレコメンデーション","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ガイドラインとレコメンデーション 「ベストプラクティス」に関するメモ：このドキュメントでは、\u0026ldquo;ベストプラクティス\u0026quot;というフレーズを意図的に避けています。 すべての状況に有効なアプローチはありません。 \u0026ldquo;ガイドラインとレコメンデーション\u0026quot;というアイデアを好みます。 これらを一通り読み、特定の環境でどのアプローチが効果的かを慎重に決定することをお勧めします。\n機能テストは、多くの理由で適切に行うのが困難です。 まるでアプリケーションの状態、複雑さ、および依存関係が、テストを十分に難しくしないと思えるほど、ブラウザ（特にクロスブラウザの非互換性）を扱うのは、良いテストの作成を難しくします。\nSeleniumは、機能的なユーザーインタラクションを簡単にするツールを提供しますが、適切に設計されたテストスイートの作成には役立ちません。 この章では、機能的なWebページの自動化に取り組む方法に関するアドバイス、ガイドライン、および推奨事項を提供します。\nこの章では、長年にわたって成功を収めてきたSeleniumの多くのユーザーの間で人気のあるソフトウェア設計パターンを記録します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"テストの独立性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"各テストを独自のユニットとして記述します。 他のテストに依存しない方法でテストを記述してください。\n公開後にモジュールとしてWebサイトに表示されるカスタムコンテンツを作成できるコンテンツ管理システム（CMS）があり、CMSとアプリケーション間の同期に時間がかかる場合があるとします。\nモジュールをテストする間違った方法は、1つのテストでコンテンツが作成および公開され、別のテストでモジュールをチェックすることです。 コンテンツは公開後、他のテストですぐに利用できない可能性があるため、この方法はふさわしくありません。\n代わりに、影響を受けるテスト内でオン/オフできるスタブコンテンツを作成し、それをモジュールの検証に使用できます。 ただし、コンテンツの作成については、別のテストを行うことができます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"リンクスパイダー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriverを使用してリンクをスパイダーすることは、実行できないためではなく、最も理想的なツールではないため明らかに推奨される方法ではありません。 WebDriverの起動には時間が必要であり、テストの記述方法によっては、ページに到達してDOMを通過するために数秒から1分かかる場合があります。\nこのためにWebDriverを使用する代わりに、curl コマンドを実行するか、BeautifulSoupなどのライブラリを使用することにより、これらの方法はブラウザーの作成やページへの移動に依存しないため、時間を大幅に節約できます。 このタスクにWebDriverを使用しないことで、時間を大幅に節約できます。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Fluent APIの使用を検討する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"マーチン・ファウラーは\u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;という用語を作り出しました。 Seleniumは既に、FluentWaitクラスでこのようなものを実装しています。 これは、標準のWaitクラスの代替としてのものです。 ページオブジェクトでFluent APIデザインパターンを有効にしてから、次のようなコードスニペットを使用してGoogle検索ページを照会できます。\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); この流暢な動作を持つGoogleページオブジェクトクラスは次のようになります。\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"ページ読み込み戦略","tags":[],"description":"","content":"現在のセッションのページ読み込み戦略を定義します。 デフォルトでは、Selenium WebDriverがページを読み込む場合、 pageLoadStrategy は normal となります。 ページの読み込みに時間がかかる場合は、追加のリソース（画像、CSS、JSなど）のダウンロードを停止することを常にお勧めします。\nドキュメントの document.readyState プロパティは、現在のドキュメントの読み込み状態を記述します。 デフォルトでは、WebDriverは、ドキュメントの準備完了状態が complete になるまで、 driver.get()（または）driver.navigate().to() の呼び出しへの応答を保留します。\nSPAアプリケーション（Angular、React、Emberなど）では、動的コンテンツが既にロードされている（つまり、一度 pageLoadStrategy のステータスがCOMPLETEになっている）場合、リンクをクリックするか、ページ内で何らかのアクションを実行しても、コンテンツは、プルページの更新なしでクライアント側で動的に読み込まれるので、サーバーに新しいリクエストは行われません。\nSPAアプリケーションはサーバーのリクエストなしで多くのビューを動的にロードできるため、新たに driver.get() および driver.navigate().to() を実行するまで、pageLoadStrategyは常に COMPLETE ステータスを表示します。\nWebDriverの pageLoadStrategy は以下の値をサポートします。\nnormal この値は、Selenium WebDriverはページ全体がロードされるまで待機します。 normal に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは、ロードイベントの発生が返却されるまで待機します。\n何も指定されていない場合、デフォルトでは、 normal がブラウザに設定されます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager この値は、Selenium WebDriverは最初のHTMLドキュメントが完全に読み込まれて解析されるまで待機し、スタイルシート、画像、およびサブフレームの読み込みを破棄します。\neager に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは DOMContentLoaded イベントの発生が返却されるまで待機します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none none に設定すると、Selenium WebDriverは最初のページがダウンロードされるまで待機します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/","title":"最悪の慣行","tags":[],"description":"","content":"最悪の慣行 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid では、クライアントからリモートブラウザーインスタンスに送信されたコマンドを ルーティングすることにより、（仮想または実）リモートマシン上でWebDriverスクリプトを実行できます。 複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行する簡単な方法を提供することを目的としています。\nSelenium Gridは、複数のマシンで並行してテストを実行し、異なるブラウザーバージョンと ブラウザーの設定を（個別のテストではなく）一元的に管理することができます。\nSelenium Gridは特効薬ではありません。 一般的な委譲および配布の問題のサブセットを解決しますが、たとえばインフラストラクチャを管理せず、特定のニーズに適さない場合があります。\nGrid 3はもうサポートされておらず、Seleniumプロジェクトはサポートされていません。 Grid 4 の使用を推奨します。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web要素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Web要素はDOM要素を表します。 Web要素は、WebDriverインスタンスを使用してドキュメントルートから検索するか、別のWeb要素の下で検索することで見つけることができます。\nWebDriver APIは、ID、名前、クラス、XPath、CSSセレクター、リンクテキストなどのさまざまなプロパティに基づいたWeb要素を見つけるための組み込みメソッドを提供します。\n要素の検索 要素を検索するために使用され、最初の一致する単一のWeb要素の参照を返します。 これは、将来の要素アクションに使用できます。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     複数の要素の検索 \u0026lsquo;要素の検索'に似ていますが、一致するWeb要素のリストを返します。 リストから特定のWeb要素を使用するには、要素のリストをループして、選択した要素に対してアクションを実行する必要があります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素から要素の検索 親要素のコンテキスト内で子要素を見つけるために使用します。 これを実現するには、親Web要素を\u0026rsquo;findElement'と連鎖して、子要素にアクセスします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     要素から複数の要素の検索 親要素のコンテキスト内で一致する子Web要素のリストを見つけるために使用します。 これを実現するために、親Web要素は’findElements'と連鎖して子要素にアクセスします。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     アクティブな要素の取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキストにフォーカスがあるDOM要素を追跡（または）検索するために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     要素が有効か このメソッドは、接続された要素がWebページで有効または無効になっているかどうかを確認するために使います。 ブール値を返し、現在のブラウジングコンテキストで接続されている要素が 有効（enabled） になっている場合は True 、そうでない場合は false を返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     要素が選択されているかどうか このメソッドは、参照された要素が選択されているかどうかを判断します。 このメソッドは、チェックボックス、ラジオボタン、入力要素、およびオプション要素で広く使われています。\nブール値を返し、現在のブラウジングコンテキストで参照された要素が 選択されている 場合は True 、そうでない場合は false を返します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     要素のタグ名を取得 これは、現在のブラウジングコンテキストにフォーカスがある参照された要素の TagName を取得するために使います。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     要素矩形を取得 参照される要素の寸法と座標を取得するために使います。\n取得データのbodyには、次の詳細が含まれます。\n 要素の左上隅からのx軸の位置 要素の左上隅からのy軸の位置 要素の高さ 要素の幅  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     要素のCSSの値を取得 現在のブラウジングコンテキスト内の要素の指定された計算したスタイル属性の値を取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     要素テキストを取得 指定された要素のレンダリングされたテキストを取得します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"クリーンな既知の状態から各テストを開始します。 理想的には、テストごとに新しい仮想マシンを起動します。 新しい仮想マシンの起動が実用的でない場合は、少なくともテストごとに新しいWebDriverを起動してください。 Firefoxの場合、既知のプロファイルでWebDriverを起動します。\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome デベロッパーツール","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4 alphaバージョンには、\u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; インターフェースを介した Chrome Dev Protocolのネイティブサポートが待望されています。 これにより、アプリケーションキャッシュ、フェッチ、ネットワーク、パフォーマンス、 プロファイラー、リソースタイミング、セキュリティ、 ターゲットCDPドメインなどのChrome開発プロパティを取得できます。\nChrome デベロッパーツールは、Google Chromeブラウザに直接組み込まれた一連のWeb開発ツールです。 DevToolsは、ページをすぐに編集して問題をすばやく診断するのに役立ち、 最終的にはより優れたWebサイトをより速く構築するのに役立ちます。\nジオロケーションをエミュレート 一部のアプリケーションには、場所によって特徴や機能性が異なります。 このようなアプリケーションの自動化は、ブラウザでSeleniumを使用して 地理的位置をエミュレートすることが難しいため、困難です。 しかし、デベロッパーツールの助けを借りて、それらを簡単にエミュレートできます。 以下のコードスニペットはそのことを示しています。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"キーボード","tags":[],"description":"","content":"キーボードはキーボードイベントを表します。 キーボードアクションは、仮想化されたデバイス入力をWebブラウザーに提供できる低レベルインターフェイスを使用して実行されます。\nsendKeys sendKeysは、修飾キーシーケンスが検出された場合でも、DOM要素にキーシーケンスを入力します。 WebDriverがサポートする可能なキーストロークのリストは、こちらにあります。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown keyDownは、修飾キー（CONTROL、SHIFT、ALT）を押す動作をシミュレートするために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp keyUpは、修飾キー（CONTROL、SHIFT、ALT）のキーアップ（または）キーリリース操作をシミュレートするために使用します。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear 編集可能な要素のコンテンツをクリアします。 これは、編集可能かつ対話可能な要素にのみ適用されます。 そうでない場合、seleniumはエラーを返します（無効な要素状態（または）要素は対話不可能）\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"ドライバーの特異性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"ドライバーの特異性 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/","title":"サポートパッケージ","tags":[],"description":"","content":"サポートパッケージ "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/","title":"レガシー","tags":[],"description":"","content":"レガシー このセクションでは、Seleniumのレガシーコンポーネントに関連するすべてのドキュメントを見つけることができます。 これは、非推奨コンポーネントを使用する動機としてではなく、純粋に歴史的な理由で保持されることを意図しています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/","title":"奥付け","tags":[],"description":"","content":"奥付け "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/contributing/","title":"Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントに貢献する","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumは大きなソフトウェアプロジェクトであり、そのサイトとドキュメントは、物事の仕組みを理解し、その可能性を活用する効果的な方法を学ぶための鍵となります。\nこのプロジェクトには、Seleniumのサイトとドキュメントの両方が含まれています。これは、Seleniumを効果的に使用する方法、Seleniumに参加する方法、およびSeleniumに貢献する方法に関する最新情報を提供するための継続的な取り組みです（特定のリリースを対象としていません）。\nサイトおよびドキュメントへの貢献は、以下のセクションで説明されているプロセスに従います。 このドキュメントについてをよく読み、本ドキュメントに慣れてください。\n Seleniumプロジェクトは、皆様からのコントリビューションを歓迎します。 お手伝いをいただくには、いくつかの方法があります:\nイシュー報告 新しい問題を報告したり、既存の問題についてコメントしたりするときは、議論がSeleniumソフトウェア、そのサイトおよび/またはドキュメントに関する具体的な技術問題に関連していることを確認してください。\nSeleniumのすべてのコンポーネントは、時間の経過とともに非常に速く変化するため、ドキュメントが古くなる可能性があります。 このようなケースを見つけた場合には、遠慮なくイシューを作成してください。 また、ドキュメントを最新の状態に更新する方法をご存知でしたら、関連する変更を含むプルリクエストを送ってしてください。\n見つかったものが問題であるかどうかわからない場合、https://selenium.dev/supportに記載されているコミュニケーション手段にて質問してください。\n貢献 Seleniumプロジェクトは新しいコントリビュータを歓迎します。目立った価値ある貢献を継続的に行った個人は コミッター として認められ、プロジェクトへのコミットアクセス件が与えられます。\n本ガイドでは、貢献のプロセスについて説明します。\nステップ 1: フォーク Github上のプロジェクトをフォークし、コピーをローカルにチェックアウトしてください。\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 依存関係: Hugo 本プロジェクトでは、サイトとドキュメントのビルド及びレンダリングにHugoを使用しています。 何らかの変更をコミットする前にローカルで検証を行うには、Hugoをインストールし、慣れたうえで、ローカルサーバーを起動してローカルでサイトをレンダリングしてください。（詳細な方法は次の手順で説明します。）\nステップ 2: ブランチの作成 フィーチャーブランチを作成し、ハックを開始します。:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 我々はHEADベースの開発を行っています。つまり、全ての変更はtrunkブランチ上に直接適用されます。\nステップ 3: 変更を加える リポジトリには、サイトとドキュメントの２つの異なるHugoプロジェクトが含まれます。 サイトを変更したい場合は、site_source_files ディレクトリで作業します。 変更のライブプレビューを確認したい場合は、サイトのルートディレクトリでhugo serverを実行します。\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server ドキュメントを変更したい場合は、docs_source_files ディレクトリに移動します。\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server ドキュメントは複数の言語に翻訳されており、翻訳は英語版に基づいて行われます。 ファイルに変更を加えたときは、他の翻訳済みファイル全てに必ず同様の変更を加えてください。 ただし、変更内容によって異なります。以下に例を示します:\n browser_manipulation.en.mdファイルにコード例を加えた場合、browser_manipulation.es.md、 browser_manipulation.ef.md及びすべての翻訳ファイルに追加してください。 browser_manipulation.ja.md 翻訳の改善を行う場合は、各言語のファイルのみを変更してください。 新しい言語向けの翻訳を追加したい場合、適切な接尾辞を付けてファイルを追加してください。プルリクエストを送信するために全てを翻訳する必要はありません、イテレーティブに行うことができます。config.tomlファイルで必要な設定値の確認を忘れないでください。 英語版の文章に変更を加えたい場合は、翻訳されたファイルの同じ箇所をあなたの変更で（英語で）書き換えたうえで、以下の注意書きをファイルの先頭に追加してください。  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} ステップ 4: コミット まず、gitがあなたの名前とメールアドレスを知っていることを確認してください:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; **適切なコミットメッセージを書くことは重要です。**コミットメッセージには、変更された内容、理由、修正されたイシューへの参照（ある場合）を記述する必要があります。作成するときは、次のガイドラインに従ってください。:\n 最初の行は約50文字以下で、変更の簡単な説明を含める必要があります。 2行目は空白のままにします。 他のすべての行を72列で折り返します。 Fixes #Nを含めてください。ここでは N がこのコミットで修正したイシュー番号です（存在する場合）。  適切なコミットメッセージは次のようになります:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 最初の行はgit shortlogやgit log --onelineを実行した際に他人が最初に目にするため、意味のあるものでなければなりません。\nステップ 5: リベース あなたの作業を同期するため、(git mergeではなく)git rebaseを時々実行してください。\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk ステップ 6: テスト あなたの変更が何も問題を起こしていないことを確認するため、常に忘れずにローカルサーバーの実行を行ってください。\nステップ 7: プッシュ % git push origin my-feature-branch https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git を開き、_Pull Request_を押し、フォームを入力してください。 CLAに署名したことを示してください (ステップ7を参照)\nプルリクエストは通常数日以内にレビューされます。対応すべきコメントがある場合は、新しく(できれば fixupsで)コミットし、同じブランチにプッシュしてください。\nステップ 8: 統合 コードレビューが完了すると、コミッターがPRを取得し、リポジトリのtrunkブランチに統合します。 マスターブランチで履歴を線形に保持するのが好きなので、通常はブランチの履歴をスカッシュしてリベースします。\nコミュニケーション プロジェクトのコントリビューターおよびコミュニティ全体と交流する方法については、全て https://selenium.dev/support で詳細が記載されています。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/","title":"Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群プロジェクトです。\nユーザーとブラウザーのやり取りのエミュレーション、ブラウザーの割当を増強したり縮減する分散型サーバー、そしてすべてのメジャーなブラウザー用に置換可能なコードの実装を可能にするW3C WebDriver 仕様インフラの提供します。\nこのプロジェクトは多くの有志貢献者の何千時間に及ぶ個々の時間を費やした事とソースコード自由に利用可能を誰にでも利用、楽しめ、そして改良できることによって実現しました。\nSeleniumはウェブプラットフォームの自動化のより開かれた議論をするためブラウザーベンダー、エンジニア、愛好家をまとめます。このプロジェクトはコミュニティーを導きと育成のために年次カンファレンス開催します。\nSeleniumの中核はWebDriverであり、様々なブラウザーを変えてインストラクション集を実行できるインターフェースです。これは作りえる一番基本的な インストラクションの一つです:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.text ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.RETURN); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)),10000); console.log(await firstResult.getText()); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     上記のコードを実行した時、舞台裏で何が起きているかの詳しい説明にはクイックツアーを参照してください。 どのようにインストールするのか、そしてSeleniumをテスト自動化ツールとして上手く利用し、上記の様な基本的なテストを大きいスケールの分散型環境で複数のブラウザー、様々オペレーティングシステムで実行するため拡張方法を理解するため順序順ドキュメンテーションに進んでください。\n入門 もしSeleniumが初めてでしたら、素早く知識を得るためのリソースを用意しました。\n クイックツアー  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 41702ec51314..0bcd665a2efd 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>このドキュメントについて :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 そうでない場合は、自由に開いてください！</p><p>コミュニティの多くのメンバーは、<a href=https://libera.chat/>Libera.chat</a> で <em>#selenium</em> Liberaチャンネルに頻繁にアクセスします。
 気軽に立ち寄って質問してください。
 これらのドキュメントで役立つと思われるヘルプを受け取った場合は、必ず貢献を追加してください。
-これらのドキュメントを更新することはできますが、通常のコミッター以外から投稿を受け取ると、誰にとってもずっと簡単になります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“このドキュメントについて”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=テストの種類><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/ title=Seleniumのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+これらのドキュメントを更新することはできますが、通常のコミッター以外から投稿を受け取ると、誰にとってもずっと簡単になります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“このドキュメントについて”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=テストの種類><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/ title=Seleniumのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/introduction/index.html b/documentation/ja/introduction/index.html
index 53828b59d756..c3a7295022e7 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 紹介</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=紹介>紹介</h1><p>Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群のプロジェクトです。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>“紹介”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 紹介</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=紹介>紹介</h1><p>Seleniumはブラウザー自動化を可能にし、それを支えるツール群とライブラリー群のプロジェクトです。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>“紹介”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
index a9f72df8e2a6..7cd7a3dd5bf7 100644
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@@ -377,5 +377,5 @@
 また、テストの自動化を構築する時間が足りない場合もあります。
 短期的には、手動テストの方が効果的です。
 アプリケーションの期限が非常に厳しい場合、現在利用できるテストの自動化はなく、その期間内にテストを実施することが不可欠です。
-手動テストが最適なソリューションです。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/>“テスト自動化について”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=テストの種類 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+手動テストが最適なソリューションです。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/>“テスト自動化について”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=テストの種類 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 オープンソースプロジェクトであるこのサポートは、&ldquo;本業"をもっている多くのボランティアからの寛大な時間の寄付によって提供されます。</p><p>プロジェクトのもう1つの使命は、より多くのボランティアがこの取り組みに参加することを奨励し、プロジェクトが引き続き新しいテクノロジーに追いつき、機能テスト自動化の主要なプラットフォームであり続けることができるよう、強力なコミュニティを構築することです。</p><h3 id=歴史>歴史</h3><p>2004年にSelenium 1がリリースされたとき、Webアプリケーションのフロントエンドで一貫した動作を手動で検証するために費やす時間を削減する必要はありませんでした。
 当時利用可能なツールを利用し、テスト中のWebページへのJavaScriptの注入に大きく依存して、ユーザーのインタラクションをエミュレートしました。</p><p>JavaScriptは、DOMのプロパティを内観し、他の方法では実行できない特定のクライアント側の観察を行うことができる優れたツールですが、キーボードが使っているようなマウスとマウスの操作を自然に複製する機能には不十分です。</p><p>それ以来、Seleniumは多くの成長と成熟を遂げ、世界中のほとんどの大規模な組織ではなく、多くの人々が広く使用するツールになりました。
 Seleniumは、ニッチな聴衆と特定のユースケースのためにThoughtworksで開発された自作のテスト自動化ツールキットから、世界の <em>デファクト</em> ブラウザ自動化ライブラリになりました。</p><p>Selenium RCが当時利用可能な業界のツールを利用したように、<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/>Selenium WebDriver</a>は、ブラウザインタラクションの部分をブラウザベンダーの本拠地に持ち込み、バックエンドのブラウザー対応実装の責任を取るよう依頼することにより、その伝統を推進しています。
-最近、この作業は、SeleniumのWebDriverコンポーネントをユーザーエージェント用の <em>最新の</em> リモートコントロールライブラリにすることを目標とするW3C標準化プロセスに進化しました。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Seleniumプロジェクトとツール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/ title=紹介><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=テスト自動化について style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+最近、この作業は、SeleniumのWebDriverコンポーネントをユーザーエージェント用の <em>最新の</em> リモートコントロールライブラリにすることを目標とするW3C標準化プロセスに進化しました。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Seleniumプロジェクトとツール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/ title=紹介><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=テスト自動化について style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index c3cad1162072..456e442c6377 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 別のサイクルを開始してテストが再度実行され、すべてのテストに合格するまでこのプロセスが続行されます。</p><p>これは、欠陥が発見されるほどコストが安くなるという事実に基づいて、アプリケーションの開発をスピードアップすることを目的としています。</p><h3 id=ビヘイビア駆動開発-bdd>ビヘイビア駆動開発 (BDD)</h3><p>BDDは、上記に基づいた反復開発方法論（TDD）でもあり、その目的は、アプリケーションの開発にすべての関係者を関与させることです。</p><p>各サイクルは、いくつかの仕様を作成することから始まります（これは失敗するはずです）。
 次に、失敗する単体テスト（これも失敗するはずです）を作成し、開発を作成します。</p><p>このサイクルは、すべてのタイプのテストに合格するまで繰り返されます。</p><p>そのためには、仕様言語が使用されます。
 すべての関係者が理解でき、単純で、標準的かつ明示的でなければなりません。
-ほとんどのツールは、この言語として <strong><em>Gherkin</em></strong> を使用します。</p><p>目標は、潜在的な受入エラーも対象とすることでTDDよりも多くのエラーを検出し、当事者間のコミュニケーションを円滑にすることです。</p><p>現在、仕様を記述し、 <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> や <strong><em>SpecFlow</em></strong> などのコード関数と一致させるための一連のツールが利用可能です。</p><p>Selenium上に一連のツールが構築されており、BDD仕様を実行可能コードに直接変換することにより、このプロセスをさらに高速化しています。 これらのいくつかは、 <em><strong>JBehave、Capybara、およびRobot Framework</strong></em> です。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/>“テストの種類”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=テスト自動化について><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=このドキュメントについて style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ほとんどのツールは、この言語として <strong><em>Gherkin</em></strong> を使用します。</p><p>目標は、潜在的な受入エラーも対象とすることでTDDよりも多くのエラーを検出し、当事者間のコミュニケーションを円滑にすることです。</p><p>現在、仕様を記述し、 <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> や <strong><em>SpecFlow</em></strong> などのコード関数と一致させるための一連のツールが利用可能です。</p><p>Selenium上に一連のツールが構築されており、BDD仕様を実行可能コードに直接変換することにより、このプロセスをさらに高速化しています。 これらのいくつかは、 <em><strong>JBehave、Capybara、およびRobot Framework</strong></em> です。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/types_of_testing/>“テストの種類”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=テスト自動化について><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=このドキュメントについて style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index 8ad61f86e3cc..ee93749e1763 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -144,5 +144,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTMLランナー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=RCからWebDriverへの移行><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="レガシー Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTMLランナー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=RCからWebDriverへの移行><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="レガシー Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/index.html
index 90f22fdfb4b6..32c75474558f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>レガシー :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/ selected>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/legacy_docs/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > レガシー</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=レガシー>レガシー</h1><p>このセクションでは、Seleniumのレガシーコンポーネントに関連するすべてのドキュメントを見つけることができます。
-これは、非推奨コンポーネントを使用する動機としてではなく、純粋に歴史的な理由で保持されることを意図しています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/>“レガシー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome デベロッパーツール"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+これは、非推奨コンポーネントを使用する動機としてではなく、純粋に歴史的な理由で保持されることを意図しています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/>“レガシー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome デベロッパーツール"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index 966a9a6d5a81..4e45d3a4bde8 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>RCからWebDriverへの移行 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>渡された &ldquo;element&rdquo; 変数が、JS標準の &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; 配列の最初の項目としてどのように表示されるかに注目してください。</p><h3 id=executing-javascript-doesnt-return-anything>Executing Javascript Doesn&rsquo;t Return Anything</h3><p>WebDriverのJavascriptExecutorは、すべてのJSをラップし、匿名式として評価します。
 これは、 &ldquo;return&rdquo; キーワードを使用する必要があることを意味します。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>このようになります。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“RCからWebDriverへの移行”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title=HTMLランナー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“RCからWebDriverへの移行”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title=HTMLランナー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 2d27204a3a3c..258e589b36ff 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>リモートWebDriverサーバー :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“リモートWebDriverサーバー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="レガシー Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/ title=奥付け style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“リモートWebDriverサーバー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="レガシー Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/ title=奥付け style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index 8e09514b1069..0a1e5aa532e3 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -575,5 +575,5 @@
 また、実際のテストケースファイルのファイル名と参照先のテストスイートファイルの両方に.html拡張子が付いていることを確認してください。</p><p>このエラーメッセージを改善するために、機能の拡張がリクエストされました。
 詳細は、<a href="http://code.google.com/p/selenium/issues/detail?id=1011">issue 1011</a>を参照してください。</p><hr><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/legacy_docs/selenium_ide_trouble_extension.png alt="Selenium IDE Trouble Extension"></p><p>拡張ファイルの内容が、Selenium-IDEによって読み取られていません。
 Selenium-IDE の <em>“オプション” メニューで “設定” をクリックし、 “一般” タブ</em> の <strong>Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス</strong> フィールドに適切なパス名を指定していることを確認してください。
-また、 <strong>Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス</strong> フィールドの内容を変更した後は、Selenium-IDEを再起動する必要があります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“レガシー Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title=HTMLランナー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=リモートWebDriverサーバー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+また、 <strong>Selenium Core 拡張スクリプト (user-extension.js) のパス</strong> フィールドの内容を変更した後は、Selenium-IDEを再起動する必要があります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“レガシー Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title=HTMLランナー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=リモートWebDriverサーバー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 1a2f6a142b0d..b87843d67a0c 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Selenium 1 (Selenium RC) :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Selenium 1 (Selenium RC) :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -808,5 +808,5 @@
 ポップアップブロッカーを無効にし、ツール &#187; オプション &#187;セキュリティで'保護モードを有効にする'オプションをオフにします。</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>ブラウザーは、 localhost:4444 をHTTPプロキシーとして設定した構成プロファイルで起動されます。
 これが、ブラウザーが行うHTTP要求がSeleniumサーバーを通過し、レスポンスが実サーバーからではなく通過する理由です。 <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>プロキシは、2つの部分の間でボールを渡す中間の第三者です。
 AUTをブラウザに配信する"Webサーバー"として機能します。
-プロキシであるため、Seleniumサーバーはテスト対象アプリケーションの実際のURLについて"嘘をつく"機能を提供します。 <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/ title=レガシー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=RCからWebDriverへの移行 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+プロキシであるため、Seleniumサーバーはテスト対象アプリケーションの実際のURLについて"嘘をつく"機能を提供します。 <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/ title=レガシー><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=RCからWebDriverへの移行 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 611f9c2d2022..1c0dfa94607f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>リモートWebDriver :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 主な違いは、リモートWebDriverを設定して、別のマシンでテストを実行できるようにする必要があることです。</p><p>リモートWebDriverは、クライアントとサーバーの2つの部分で構成されています。
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+クライアントはWebDriverテストであり、サーバーは単純なJavaサーブレットで最新のJEEアプリサーバーでホストすることができます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/>“リモートWebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/ title=キーボード><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=リモートWebDriverクライアント style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 1d86f9c74703..dab2184b920f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>リモートWebDriverクライアント :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -379,5 +379,5 @@
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>ご希望のSeleniumのバージョンに必要な外部依存関係のバージョンの詳細については、
 <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>トレースのセットアップ</a> を参照してください。</p><p>詳細については、下記URLを参照してください。</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid 可観測性</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“リモートWebDriverクライアント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/ title=リモートWebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=ガイドラインとレコメンデーション style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid 可観測性</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“リモートWebDriverクライアント”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/ title=リモートWebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=ガイドラインとレコメンデーション style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/index.html b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/index.html
index 8d1fb230be35..1abcb22d91ee 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/selenium_installation/>Français</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > Seleniumのインストール</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=seleniumのインストール>Seleniumのインストール</h1><p>Seleniumのセットアップは他の商用ツールと少し違います。自動化プロジェクトでSeleniumを使うためには、選択した言語の言語バインディングライブラリをインストールする必要があります。加えて、自動化でテストを実行したいブラウザのWebDriverバイナリも必要となります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/>“Seleniumのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=このドキュメントについて><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title=Seleniumライブラリのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
index bda0401dc65c..b718664acfe2 100644
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Seleniumライブラリのインストール :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Seleniumライブラリのインストール :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>RubyへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはgemを使います。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>JavaScriptへのSeleniumライブラリのインストールはnpmを使います。</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Seleniumライブラリのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/ title=Seleniumのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title=WebDriverバイナリのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Seleniumライブラリのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/ title=Seleniumのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title=WebDriverバイナリのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index c1c5a03fbcc5..a6598970e336 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>スタンドアロンサーバのインストール :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“スタンドアロンサーバのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title=WebDriverバイナリのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title=WebDriverをはじめよう style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“スタンドアロンサーバのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title=WebDriverバイナリのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title=WebDriverをはじめよう style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index 40cc165af47f..00875bb12ca3 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriverバイナリのインストール :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>の通った場所に配置してください。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“WebDriverバイナリのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title=Seleniumライブラリのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=スタンドアロンサーバのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>の通った場所に配置してください。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“WebDriverバイナリのインストール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title=Seleniumライブラリのインストール><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=スタンドアロンサーバのインストール style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/sitemap.xml b/documentation/ja/sitemap.xml
index 6315a85e366a..8d11a1dcc177 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -501,5 +501,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome デベロッパーツール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=クッキーの使用><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/ title=レガシー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome デベロッパーツール”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=クッキーの使用><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/ title=レガシー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/ja/support_packages/index.html
index fa677cd8e883..9ce82635873e 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>サポートパッケージ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/support_packages/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>サポートパッケージ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/support_packages/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/support_packages/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/ selected>日本語</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index c2f650657a05..f47b711e0efd 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -1194,5 +1194,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“マウスアクションの詳細”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=選択要素の操作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=クッキーの使用 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“マウスアクションの詳細”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=選択要素の操作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=クッキーの使用 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index eb4fe707b391..41d5c2113adb 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>色を扱う :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -316,5 +316,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>色はもはや問題ではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“色を扱う”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/ title=サポートパッケージ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=選択要素の操作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>色はもはや問題ではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“色を扱う”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/ title=サポートパッケージ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=選択要素の操作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index 69424fab4274..361cc6b8cba9 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>クッキーの使用 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -799,5 +799,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“クッキーの使用”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=マウスアクションの詳細><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome デベロッパーツール" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“クッキーの使用”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=マウスアクションの詳細><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome デベロッパーツール" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 4a5343c99d6f..b9fa99ea8dc9 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>選択要素の操作 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -389,5 +389,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“選択要素の操作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title=色を扱う><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=マウスアクションの詳細 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“選択要素の操作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title=色を扱う><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=マウスアクションの詳細 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/tags/index.html b/documentation/ja/tags/index.html
index 0226999bd0f2..e08a5cf4b037 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/tags/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/tags/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/ selected>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 84838b4cf784..7dfdfe2ad6b5 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -191,5 +191,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=ドライバー要件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=ブラウザー操作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=ドライバー要件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=ブラウザー操作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 2cf2b3a9e579..f2ae3ba01022 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ブラウザー操作 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -1389,5 +1389,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode28 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“ブラウザー操作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=要素を探す style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“ブラウザー操作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=要素を探す style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 465502ace1b3..97f7734bbc47 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ドライバー要件 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ドライバー要件 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -558,5 +558,5 @@
 <a href=http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/gettingStarted.html>新しい場所</a>に移動しました。
 ソースはsvnで管理されています。</p><h3 id=phantomjs>PhantomJS</h3><p>PhantomJSは、Google ChromeまたはSafariで使用されているバージョンよりもはるかに古いバージョンですが、Webkitベースのヘッドレスブラウザーです。
 歴史的に人気のある選択肢でしたが、今ではPhantomJSを避ける​​のが賢明です。
-プロジェクトは<a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>8月5日以降</a>メンテナンスされていないため、Webの変更は継続されますが、PhantomJSは更新されません。これは、GoogleがChromeをヘッドレスで実行する機能を発表した後のことで、MozillaのFirefoxでも提供されています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“ドライバー要件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=コンポーネントを理解する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+プロジェクトは<a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>8月5日以降</a>メンテナンスされていないため、Webの変更は継続されますが、PhantomJSは更新されません。これは、GoogleがChromeをヘッドレスで実行する機能を発表した後のことで、MozillaのFirefoxでも提供されています。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“ドライバー要件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=コンポーネントを理解する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index f595d4a9e082..d2ac9a61ed5c 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Httpプロキシ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Httpプロキシ :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -201,5 +201,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Httpプロキシ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=ページ読み込み戦略 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Httpプロキシ”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=ページ読み込み戦略 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/index.html
index c8b336f17bf9..5693357f26c5 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/webdriver/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/ selected>日本語</option>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index 8cc222b2a885..1635239f0d55 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -383,5 +383,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/ title=サポートクラス><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/ title=Httpプロキシ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/ title=サポートクラス><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/ title=Httpプロキシ style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index e6176394fe8d..04eabeaa861a 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>キーボード :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
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@@ -578,5 +578,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/>“キーボード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/ title=Web要素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/ title=リモートWebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/>“キーボード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/ title=Web要素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/ title=リモートWebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index acc08969a61a..bd54f64319c4 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>要素を探す :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -418,5 +418,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/>“要素を探す”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=ブラウザー操作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/ title=待機 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/>“要素を探す”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=ブラウザー操作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/ title=待機 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 17023083c011..e2bce5340890 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ページ読み込み戦略 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -392,5 +392,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“ページ読み込み戦略”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/ title=Httpプロキシ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/ title=Web要素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“ページ読み込み戦略”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/http_proxies/ title=Httpプロキシ><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/ title=Web要素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 6b40f99f8454..445a7cbdb1f1 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>サポートクラス :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
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@@ -119,5 +119,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>下記例を参照してください。</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> はメインスレッドで作成されます</li><li>Java <code>Runnable</code>を使用して新しいプロセスを起動し、新しい<code>スレッド</code>を使用してプロセスを実行します</li><li>メインスレッドのメモリに<code>protectedDriver</code>がないため、両方の<code>スレッド</code>が衝突します。</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code>は例外をスローします。</li></ul><h4 id=注意>注意:</h4><p>これは、並列実行時にドライバーを管理するために <code>ThreadLocal</code>を使用する必要性を置き換えるものではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/>“サポートクラス”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/ title=待機><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>下記例を参照してください。</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> はメインスレッドで作成されます</li><li>Java <code>Runnable</code>を使用して新しいプロセスを起動し、新しい<code>スレッド</code>を使用してプロセスを実行します</li><li>メインスレッドのメモリに<code>protectedDriver</code>がないため、両方の<code>スレッド</code>が衝突します。</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code>は例外をスローします。</li></ul><h4 id=注意>注意:</h4><p>これは、並列実行時にドライバーを管理するために <code>ThreadLocal</code>を使用する必要性を置き換えるものではありません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/>“サポートクラス”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/ title=待機><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript アラート、プロンプトおよび確認" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index b48f22fb8f53..12b9893fa1b5 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>コンポーネントを理解する :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 コミュニケーションは双方向です：WebDriverは、ドライバーを経由してブラウザーにコマンドを渡し、同じルートを経由して情報を受け取ります。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/basic_comms.png?width=400px" alt=基本通信></p><p>ドライバーは、ChromeDriver for GoogleのChrome/Chromium、MozillaのFirefox用GeckoDriverなどブラウザー固有のものです。
 ドライバーはブラウザと同じシステムで動きます。これは、テスト自体を実行するところが同じシステムである場合とそうでない場合があります。</p><p>上記の簡単な例は <em>直接</em> 通信です。ブラウザへのコミュニケーションは、Selenium ServerまたはRemoteWebDriverを経由した <em>リモート</em> 通信もできます。RemoteWebDriverは、ドライバーおよびブラウザと同じシステムで実行されます。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/remote_comms.png?width=400px" alt=リモート通信></p><p>リモート通信は、ホストシステム上のドライバーと順に通信するSelenium ServerまたはSelenium Gridを使用して行うこともできます。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/remote_comms_server.png?width=400px" alt=SeleniumGridを用いたリモート通信></p><h2 id=どのフレームワークに適しているか>どのフレームワークに適しているか</h2><p>WebDriverには1つのジョブしかありません:　上記の任意のメソッドを経由してブラウザと通信します。WebDriverはテストに関することを知りません:　WebDriverは物事を比較する方法、成功または失敗を確認する方法を知りません、そして、レポートや Given/When/Then 文法に関しても確実に知りません。</p><p>ここで、さまざまなフレームワークが登場します。
 最低限必要なのは言語バインディングに一致するテストフレームワーク、例えば NUnit for .NET, JUnitfor Java, RSpec for Ruby などです。</p><p>テストフレームワークは、WebDriverおよびテストの関連手順の実行を担当します。
-それは下記図に似ていると考えることができます。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt=テストフレームワーク></p><p>上図でCucumberなどの自然言語のフレームワーク/ツールがテストフレームワークボックスの一部として存在する場合があります、またはテストフレームワークを独自の実装で完全に密閉する場合があります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“コンポーネントを理解する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=ドライバー要件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231154></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231154></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231154></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231154></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+それは下記図に似ていると考えることができます。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt=テストフレームワーク></p><p>上図でCucumberなどの自然言語のフレームワーク/ツールがテストフレームワークボックスの一部として存在する場合があります、またはテストフレームワークを独自の実装で完全に密閉する場合があります。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“コンポーネントを理解する”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=ドライバー要件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/index.html
index 88014db80414..4b645b562631 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>待機 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -442,5 +442,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/>“待機”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=要素を探す><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/ title=サポートクラス style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/waits/>“待機”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=要素を探す><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/support_classes/ title=サポートクラス style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index a85ffb0ffeb9..bc3049f4c706 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231154 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231154></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231154></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231154></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web要素 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239585></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -945,5 +945,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/>“Web要素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=ページ読み込み戦略><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/ title=キーボード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/web_element/>“Web要素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=ページ読み込み戦略><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/webdriver/keyboard/ title=キーボード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index 86fa6777d30e..b51104a480cd 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>CAPTCHA（キャプチャ） :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/worst_practices/captchas/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/>最悪の慣行</a> > CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）</h1><p>CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）は、 <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em> （コンピューターと人間を区別するための完全に自動化された公開チューリングテスト）の略で、自動化を防ぐように明示的に設計されているため、試さないでください！
-CAPTCHAチェックを回避するための2つの主要な戦略があります。</p><ul><li>テスト環境でCAPTCHAを無効にします</li><li>テストがCAPTCHAをバイパスできるようにするフックを追加します</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/>“CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/ title=最悪の慣行><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=二要素認証 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+CAPTCHAチェックを回避するための2つの主要な戦略があります。</p><ul><li>テスト環境でCAPTCHAを無効にします</li><li>テストがCAPTCHAをバイパスできるようにするフックを追加します</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/>“CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/ title=最悪の慣行><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=二要素認証 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239585></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239585></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239585></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239585></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index 50451c2bdec7..1eb58f970bec 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>ファイルダウンロード :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239585 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239585></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239585></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 代わりに、Selenium（および必要なCookie）を使用してリンクを見つけ、 <a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a> などのHTTPリクエストライブラリに渡します。</p><p><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnitドライバー</a>は、
 <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> インターフェイスを実装することで、
 入力ストリームとして添付ファイルにアクセスすることによって、添付ファイルをダウンロードできます。
-AttachmentHandlerは、<a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> に追加できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“ファイルダウンロード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=二要素認証><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTPレスポンスコード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AttachmentHandlerは、<a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> に追加できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“ファイルダウンロード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=二要素認証><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTPレスポンスコード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index 4099454b734a..129687f79b4c 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=検索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 これらのサイトの使用条件（アカウントがシャットダウンされるリスクがある）に違反することは別として、それは遅く、信頼性がありません。</p><p>理想的なプラクティスは、メールプロバイダーが提供するAPIを使用すること、またはFacebookの場合、テストアカウントや友人などを作成するためのAPIを公開する開発者ツールサービスを使用することです。
 APIの使用は少し大変な作業のように思えるかもしれませんが、速度、信頼性、および安定性に見返りがあります。
 また、APIが変更されることはほとんどありませんが、WebページとHTMLロケーターは頻繁に変更され、テストフレームワークを更新する必要があります。</p><p>テストの任意の時点でWebDriverを使用してサードパーティのサイトにログインすると、テストが長くなるため、テストが失敗するリスクが高くなります。
-一般的な経験則として、テストが長くなるほど脆弱で信頼性が低くなります。</p><p><a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C準拠</a> のWebDriver実装は、サービス拒否攻撃を軽減できるように、<code>navigator</code>オブジェクトに<code>WebDriver</code>プロパティで注釈を付けます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTPレスポンスコード><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=テストの依存関係 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+一般的な経験則として、テストが長くなるほど脆弱で信頼性が低くなります。</p><p><a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C準拠</a> のWebDriver実装は、サービス拒否攻撃を軽減できるように、<code>navigator</code>オブジェクトに<code>WebDriver</code>プロパティで注釈を付けます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTPレスポンスコード><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=テストの依存関係 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 52fa69b3256b..93f5c0fad48b 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>HTTPレスポンスコード :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 WebDriver APIは、ブラウザーのプロキシを設定する機能を提供します。
 Webサーバーとの間で送受信されるリクエストのコンテンツをプログラムで操作できるプロキシがいくつかあります。
 プロキシを使用すると、リダイレクトレスポンスコードへの応答方法を決めることができます。
-さらに、すべてのブラウザーがWebDriverでレスポンスコードを利用できるようにするわけではないため、プロキシを使用することを選択すると、すべてのブラウザーで機能するソリューションが得られます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTPレスポンスコード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=ファイルダウンロード><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title=Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+さらに、すべてのブラウザーがWebDriverでレスポンスコードを利用できるようにするわけではないため、プロキシを使用することを選択すると、すべてのブラウザーで機能するソリューションが得られます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTPレスポンスコード”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=ファイルダウンロード><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title=Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/index.html
index ea6a7bb5c2bb..27d690175609 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 最悪の慣行</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=最悪の慣行>最悪の慣行</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/>“最悪の慣行”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/ title=CAPTCHA（キャプチャ） style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/_index.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > 最悪の慣行</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=最悪の慣行>最悪の慣行</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/>“最悪の慣行”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=テストごとに新しいブラウザを起動する><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/ title=CAPTCHA（キャプチャ） style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index 8be877597532..973d1e634567 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>履歴削除</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title=このページを編集 href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/link_spidering.ja.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>このページを編集</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/>Seleniumブラウザー自動化プロジェクト</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/>最悪の慣行</a> > リンクスパイダー</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>リンクスパイダー</h1><p>WebDriverを使用してリンクをスパイダーすることは、実行できないためではなく、最も理想的なツールではないため明らかに推奨される方法ではありません。
 WebDriverの起動には時間が必要であり、テストの記述方法によっては、ページに到達してDOMを通過するために数秒から1分かかる場合があります。</p><p>このためにWebDriverを使用する代わりに、<a href=//curl.haxx.se/>curl</a> コマンドを実行するか、BeautifulSoupなどのライブラリを使用することにより、これらの方法はブラウザーの作成やページへの移動に依存しないため、時間を大幅に節約できます。
-このタスクにWebDriverを使用しないことで、時間を大幅に節約できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“リンクスパイダー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=パフォーマンステスト><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+このタスクにWebDriverを使用しないことで、時間を大幅に節約できます。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“リンクスパイダー”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=パフォーマンステスト><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 00b7ad2e5246..1c720135f13b 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title=Seleniumプロジェクトとツール class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Seleniumプロジェクトとツール
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 機能テストとパフォーマンステストを同時に実行します。
 ただし、機能テストとパフォーマンステストには反対の目的があります。
 機能をテストするために、テスターは忍耐強くロードを待つ必要があるかもしれませんが、これはパフォーマンステスト結果を曖昧にし、その逆もまた同様です。</p><p>Webサイトのパフォーマンスを改善するには、改善すべき点を知るために、環境の違いに関係なく全体的なパフォーマンスを分析し、貧弱なコードプラクティス、個々のリソース（例えば、CSSまたはJavaScript）のパフォーマンスの内訳を特定できる必要があります。
-このジョブを実行できるパフォーマンステストツールが既にあり、それらは改善を提案できるレポートと分析を提供します。</p><p>使用する（オープンソース）パッケージの例は次のとおりです。: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“パフォーマンステスト”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=テストの依存関係><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=リンクスパイダー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+このジョブを実行できるパフォーマンステストツールが既にあり、それらは改善を提案できるレポートと分析を提供します。</p><p>使用する（オープンソース）パッケージの例は次のとおりです。: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“パフォーマンステスト”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=テストの依存関係><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=リンクスパイダー style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index 7bf11579beec..8394dd7f875f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
+<!doctype html><html lang=ja class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>テストの依存関係 :: Seleniumドキュメント</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/quick/ title=クイックツアー class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/quick/>クイックツアー
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ja/introduction/ title=紹介 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/introduction/>紹介
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/ selected>日本語</option>
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-テストは <strong>任意</strong> の順序で実行でき、成功するために完了するために他のテストに依存してはなりません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“テストの依存関係”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title=Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=パフォーマンステスト style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+テストは <strong>任意</strong> の順序で実行でき、成功するために完了するために他のテストに依存してはなりません。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“テストの依存関係”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title=Gmail、Eメール、Facebookログイン><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=パフォーマンステスト style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 936b422725d0..32096a0d500f 100644
--- a/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ja";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ja/getting_started/ title=はじめる class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>はじめる
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@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 しかし、これはSeleniumテストの上にある別のレイヤーであり、また安全でもありません。
 したがって、2FAの自動化を回避したほうがいいです。</p><p>2FAチェックを回避するいくつかの選択肢があります。</p><ul><li>テスト環境で特定のユーザーの2FAを無効にして、
 それらのユーザー資格情報を自動化で使用できるようにします。</li><li>テスト環境で2FAを無効にします。</li><li>特定のIPからログインする場合は、2FAを無効にします。
-そうすれば、テストマシンのIPを設定してこれを回避できます。</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“二要素認証”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/ title=CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=ファイルダウンロード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+そうすれば、テストマシンのIPを設定してこれを回避できます。</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“二要素認証”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/ title=CAPTCHA（キャプチャ）><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=ファイルダウンロード style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/404.html b/documentation/ko/404.html
index 176ba7c405a8..36e9fdf3125e 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/404.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>에러</h1><p></p><p>저런. 존재하지 않는 페이지입니다 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko>홈페이지로 이동</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>에러</h1><p></p><p>저런. 존재하지 않는 페이지입니다 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko>홈페이지로 이동</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/categories/index.html b/documentation/ko/categories/index.html
index fe10d49adfb8..eed164f0ba91 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
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 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/categories/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/categories/>Français</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/contributing/index.html b/documentation/ko/contributing/index.html
index 92d25657442e..6d1b9d7c24b6 100644
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@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@
 % git rebase upstream/trunk
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=6-단계-테스트>6 단계: 테스트</h3><p>항상 로컬 서버를 실행하는 것을 기억하십시오. 그러면 당신의 변경 사항들이 아무것도 안 건드리고 안전합니다.</p><h3 id=7-단계--push>7 단계 : Push</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>% git push origin my-feature-branch
 </code></pre></div><p><a href=https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git>https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git</a> 에서 <em>Pull Request</em> 를 누르고 형식을 채우시기 바랍니다. <strong>CLA에 서명했는지 나타내주시길 바랍니다</strong> (7 단계 참고)</p><p>Pull request 는 몇 일 내에 확인됩니다. 주소에 코멘트들이 있다면, 새로운 커밋에 변경 사항(가급적
-<a href=http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit>fixups</a>)을 적용하고 같은 branch 에 push 해주시기 바랍니다.</p><h3 id=8-단계--integration>8 단계 : Integration</h3><p>코드 확인이 완료되었으면, committer는 당신의 PR을 저장소의 trunk branch에 통합할 것입니다. 왜냐하면 우리는 trunk branch에 순차적인 이력을 유지하고 싶기 때문에, 우리는 당신의 branch 이력은 squash나 rebase 할 것입니다.</p><h2 id=커뮤니케이션>커뮤니케이션</h2><p>프로젝트 기여자들과 커뮤니티와 어떻게 소통할지에 대한 자세한 사항은 <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a> 에서 찾을 수 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/contributing/>“Selenium 사이트와 문서에 기여하기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit>fixups</a>)을 적용하고 같은 branch 에 push 해주시기 바랍니다.</p><h3 id=8-단계--integration>8 단계 : Integration</h3><p>코드 확인이 완료되었으면, committer는 당신의 PR을 저장소의 trunk branch에 통합할 것입니다. 왜냐하면 우리는 trunk branch에 순차적인 이력을 유지하고 싶기 때문에, 우리는 당신의 branch 이력은 squash나 rebase 할 것입니다.</p><h2 id=커뮤니케이션>커뮤니케이션</h2><p>프로젝트 기여자들과 커뮤니티와 어떻게 소통할지에 대한 자세한 사항은 <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a> 에서 찾을 수 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/contributing/>“Selenium 사이트와 문서에 기여하기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index 2f2fc15d3be8..44987301741f 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -662,5 +662,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specific capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specific capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index 9b6b7182dd31..cdca34d58317 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driver idiosyncrasies :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/driver_idiosyncrasies/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/driver_idiosyncrasies/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Driver idiosyncrasies</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=driver-idiosyncrasies>Driver idiosyncrasies</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Driver idiosyncrasies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="그리드 끝점"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=driver-idiosyncrasies>Driver idiosyncrasies</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/>“Driver idiosyncrasies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="그리드 끝점"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Shared capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index 80b5e7f4b5be..75af1d15d118 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
 may not match the values set in the browser.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks
 should be applied to <em>input type=file</em> elements. As strict interactability
 checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour
-when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Shared capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index c7bea99fbf6a..27bd708ebf15 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1292,5 +1292,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/ko/front_matter/index.html
index 9bb4a5eb8fe1..220ecaecf35a 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/front_matter/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/front_matter/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Front matter</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=front-matter>Front matter</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>“Front matter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=front-matter>Front matter</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/>“Front matter”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 6f331b20e3f2..9080dec94657 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Typographical conventions :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 linefeeds can be added anywhere
 that there is a break between ideas.</p><p>This can make diffs very easy to read
 when collaborating through git,
-but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/ko/getting_started/index.html
index c32a9c6cd429..865ef9820ea7 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class="dd-item
 parent
 active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 시작하기</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=시작하기>시작하기</h1><p>Selenium이 처음이신가요?
-빠르게 시작할 수 있도록 돕기 위해서 몇 가지 자료를 준비했습니다.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>웹 드라이버WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>통합개발환경 IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>격자 Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>“시작하기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/ title="Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+빠르게 시작할 수 있도록 돕기 위해서 몇 가지 자료를 준비했습니다.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>웹 드라이버WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>통합개발환경 IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>격자 Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>“시작하기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/ title="Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/index.html
index aded2a5a5023..f0c59d685f1a 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>빠르게 살펴보기 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/getting_started/quick/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
@@ -106,5 +106,5 @@
 executed by the remote end.</p><p>After the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face
 the need of running your tests on multiple browser and
 operating system combinations.
-This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>“빠르게 살펴보기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ title=소개 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>“빠르게 살펴보기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ title=소개 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index e3ee05aa30da..36816f4d3621 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>브라우저 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas 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href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>모든 버전</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 이상</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=전문화된-브라우저>전문화된 브라우저</h2><p>개발 환경에서 전형적으로 사용되는 특수 브라우저 세트도 있습니다.<br>우리는 자동화 목적으로 이러한 브라우저를 사용할 수 있으며, Selenium은 다음과 같은 전문화된 드라이버를 지원합니다.</p><table><thead><tr><th>드라이버명</th><th>목적</th><th>관리자</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino</td><td>Selenium 프로젝트</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“브라우저”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 시작하기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script 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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/>WebDriver 시작하기</a> > 브라우저</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#일반적인-브라우저>일반적인 브라우저</a></li><li><a href=#전문화된-브라우저>전문화된 브라우저</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>브라우저</h1><h2 id=일반적인-브라우저>일반적인 브라우저</h2><p>Selenium 프레임워크는 공식적으로 다음과 같은 브라우저를 지원합니다.</p><table><thead><tr><th>브라우저</th><th>관리자</th><th>지원 버전</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>모든 버전</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 이상</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 이상</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=전문화된-브라우저>전문화된 브라우저</h2><p>개발 환경에서 전형적으로 사용되는 특수 브라우저 세트도 있습니다.<br>우리는 자동화 목적으로 이러한 브라우저를 사용할 수 있으며, Selenium은 다음과 같은 전문화된 드라이버를 지원합니다.</p><table><thead><tr><th>드라이버명</th><th>목적</th><th>관리자</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino</td><td>Selenium 프로젝트</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“브라우저”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 시작하기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script 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 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index 05ca7893eb08..7d8e5910b586 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
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유념하십시오.<br>일부 플러그인은 다른 모료 오픈소스 소프트웨어 라이센스로 사용할 수 있으며, 다른 플러그인은 독점 라이센스로만 사용할 수 있습니다.<br>플러그인과 해당 플러그인의 배포 라이센스에 대한 모든 질문은 해당 개발자와 함께 제기해 주세요.</p><table><thead><tr><th>브라우저</th><th>최신 버전</th><th>변경 내역</th><th>이슈</th><th>위키</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=//sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/>Google ChromeDriver</a></td><td><a href=//chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html>2.29</a></td><td><a href=//chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.29/notes.txt>changelog</a></td><td><a href=//bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issues</a></td><td><a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver>wiki</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=브라우저><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script 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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/>WebDriver 시작하기</a> > 써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인</h1><p>Selenium은 플러그인의 사용으로 확장될 수 있습니다.<br>다음은 제3자에 의해 생성되고 유지되는 많은 플러그인 입니다.<br>고유한 플러그인을 만들거나 플러그인이 나열되는 자세한 내용은 문서를 참조하세요.</p><p>이러한 플러그인은 Selenium 프로젝트에서 지원, 유지 관리, 호스팅 또는 보증하지 않는다는 점에서 유의하십시오.<br>또한 아래 나열된 플러그인이 반드시 Apache License v2.0에 따라 라이센스가 부여되지 않는다는 것을 유념하십시오.<br>일부 플러그인은 다른 모료 오픈소스 소프트웨어 라이센스로 사용할 수 있으며, 다른 플러그인은 독점 라이센스로만 사용할 수 있습니다.<br>플러그인과 해당 플러그인의 배포 라이센스에 대한 모든 질문은 해당 개발자와 함께 제기해 주세요.</p><table><thead><tr><th>브라우저</th><th>최신 버전</th><th>변경 내역</th><th>이슈</th><th>위키</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=//sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/>Google ChromeDriver</a></td><td><a href=//chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html>2.29</a></td><td><a href=//chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.29/notes.txt>changelog</a></td><td><a href=//bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issues</a></td><td><a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/ChromeDriver>wiki</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=브라우저><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Components :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes.
 A node on Windows might have the capability of
 offering Internet Explorer as a browser option,
-whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 83ad4777fc82..1f7ea2406400 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231156></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/grid/grid_3/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239587></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/grid/grid_3/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 허브에는 이러한 인스턴스에 대한 액세스 권한을 제공하고 제어를 허용하는 등록된 서버 목록이 있습니다.</p><p><em>Selenium Grid</em> 는 여러 컴퓨터에서 동시에 테스트를 실행할 수 있도록 하며,
 (개별 테스트 대신에) 서로 다른 브라우저 버전과 브라우저 구성을 중앙에서 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.</p><p><em>Selenium Grid</em> 는 묘책이 아닙니다. 일반적인 위임 및 배포 문제의 부분 집합을 해결하지만,
 예를 들어 당신의 인프라를 관리하지 않으며 당신의 특정한 요구에 적합하지 않을 수 있습니다.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 65c67bdc5359..87a8c8800f3b 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -225,5 +225,5 @@
 both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found
 within the <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>
 repository.</p><h3 id=prerequisite>Prerequisite</h3><p>The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working.
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 856d8495b333..9d57c6d8d09d 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>조합 격자(Grid)</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > 고급 기능</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>고급 기능</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set
-up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“고급 기능”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title="관찰 가능성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“고급 기능”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title="관찰 가능성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index cf54e346a2ca..be4e6d41e706 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>관찰 가능성 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“관찰 가능성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="고급 기능"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="그리드 끝점" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“관찰 가능성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="고급 기능"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="그리드 끝점" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 1ebdd99f5205..31e9887ab82c 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Components :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 3a6c01604454..f2dc413a8975 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“구성 도움말”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="구성 요소 구성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“구성 도움말”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="구성 요소 구성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 9732accd09a6..bec63f5e5e02 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>구성 요소 구성 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239587></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“구성 요소 구성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="구성 도움말" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“구성 요소 구성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="구성 도움말" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index 802466d07459..cff6cb921937 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -184,5 +184,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="구성 도움말"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="고급 기능" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="구성 도움말"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="고급 기능" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 77cf75dee9dd..8073eb5f1777 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“그리드 끝점”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title="관찰 가능성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“그리드 끝점”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title="관찰 가능성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver idiosyncrasies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/index.html
index e51046c375e2..8d10246bc86b 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 4 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase
 the previous version had.</p><p>Grid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order
 to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.</p><p>To get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set
-up you own, please browse the sections below.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up you own, please browse the sections below.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index f06fdda10987..ddbc25f7130c 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="구성 요소 구성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="구성 요소 구성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/index.html
index 1d78f4069ad5..f4c02f9909fd 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>조합 격자(Grid) :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>“조합 격자(Grid)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="링크 이동"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="목적 및 주요 기능" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>“조합 격자(Grid)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="링크 이동"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="목적 및 주요 기능" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 35f605ae08a9..7417cc0f31d4 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>목적 및 주요 기능 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>조합 격자(Grid)</a> > 목적 및 주요 기능</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>목적 및 주요 기능</h1><ul><li>모든 테스트의 중앙 진입 지점</li><li>브라우저가 실행되는 환경과 노드의 관리 및 제어</li><li>스케일링</li><li>병렬로 테스트 실행</li><li>교차 플랫폼 테스트</li><li>부하분산</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“목적 및 주요 기능”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/ title="조합 격자(Grid)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/>조합 격자(Grid)</a> > 목적 및 주요 기능</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>목적 및 주요 기능</h1><ul><li>모든 테스트의 중앙 진입 지점</li><li>브라우저가 실행되는 환경과 노드의 관리 및 제어</li><li>스케일링</li><li>병렬로 테스트 실행</li><li>교차 플랫폼 테스트</li><li>부하분산</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“목적 및 주요 기능”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/ title="조합 격자(Grid)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index f87c8249ae3b..5db0338c4873 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@
 parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.</p><p>Grid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow
 multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as
 this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and
-support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="목적 및 주요 기능"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="목적 및 주요 기능"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index f8a42d01a3b5..e5eda5a5b3dd 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests
 pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.</p></li><li><p>Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another
 test e.g. invalid order records.</p></li><li><p>Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation
-and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index 548f4b5b0576..1b70251ddd3d 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Consider using a fluent API :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -155,5 +155,5 @@
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 225b0773bd03..7d369b52012d 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -154,5 +154,5 @@
 done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things
 the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests
 should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go
-about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index c54bcb4a283b..a9cf680a1bf6 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Fresh browser per test :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 at least start a new WebDriver for each test.
 For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ title="좋지 않은 관행" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ title="좋지 않은 관행" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index 569c42f5e146..e8f9244b575e 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a
 cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for
 testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously,
-existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index 62713fe2c713..8c392cfec15c 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Improved reporting :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit
 reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration
 (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links
-for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
index 65d4dc55a53a..2926d64593f8 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Guidelines and recommendations :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations
 on how to approach functional web page automation.</p><p>This chapter records software design patterns popular
 amongst many of the users of Selenium
-that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 71f135187072..62bb4402ba7b 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/>Guidelines and recommendations</a> > Mock external services</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Mock external services</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve
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+the speed and stability of your tests.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Mock external services”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -238,5 +238,5 @@
 beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the
 concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As
 was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the
-reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index f1057475ad06..4574547b64a5 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Test independency :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the
 other test after publishing.</p><p>Instead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off
 within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However,
-for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/index.html b/documentation/ko/index.html
index 137676dca836..d487718dde95 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/index.html
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@@ -218,5 +218,5 @@
 }
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>이 코드를 실행할 때의 동작 원리에 대한 전체적인 설명은 <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>퀵 투어</a></em> 를 참고하십시오.
 Selenium 설치 방법과 자동화 툴로써 활용하는 방안에 대해 더 알아보고 싶다면 <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>narrative documentation</a> 를 참고하십시오. 이를 통해 Selenium을 테스트 자동화 툴로써 성공적으로 활용하여, 간단한 테스트를 제작하고 다양한 브라우저와 운영체제 환경에서 실행할 수 있습니다.</p><h2 id=시작하기>시작하기</h2><p>Selenium을 처음 사용해보신다면,
-빠른 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있는 몇 가지 문서를 참조하세요.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>퀵 투어</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+빠른 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있는 몇 가지 문서를 참조하세요.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>퀵 투어</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/index.json b/documentation/ko/index.json
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+++ b/documentation/ko/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"2단계 인증","tags":[],"description":"","content":"2FA(Two Factor Authentication)라고 알려진 2단계 인증은 인증을 위해 구글 인증기, 마이크로소프트 인증기와 같은 인증기 모바일 앱, 혹은 SMS, email 등에 의해 생성되는 1회용 비밀번호(OTP)를 사용하는 인증 방식입니다.\nSelenium에서 이 인증 단계를 끊김없이, 연속적으로 자동화는 것은 큰 도전입니다. 이 과정을 자동화하는 몇가지 방법이 있습니다. 하지만 Selenium 테스트 단계 위의 또 다른 계층이 될 것이며, Selenium 테스트는 안전하지도 않을 것입니다. 그러니 2단계 인증 자동화는 피하십시오.\n2단계 인증을 해결하기 위한 몇가지 옵션이 있습니다:\n 테스트 환경의 특정 사용자를 대상으로 2단계 인증을 비활성화하여, 해당 사용자 인증 정보를 자동화에 사용합니다. 테스트 환경에서 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 특정 IP에서 로그인할 때 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 2단계 인증을 피하기 위해 이 방법으로 테스트 머신의 IP를 구성할 수 있습니다.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Selenium 라이브러리 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"당신의 자동화 프로젝트를 위해서 첫 번째로 Selenium 바인딩을 설치해야 합니다. 당신이 사용할 언어에 따른 라이브러리 설치 절차입니다.\nJava Maven을 사용한 Java용 Selenium 라이브러리 설치입니다. 프로젝트안에 있는 pom.xml에 selenium-java 의존 라이브러리를 추가하세요.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 의존성 라이브러리는 Selenium이 자동화할 수 있는 모든 브라우저의 자동화를 지원합니다. 만약 당신이 특정 브라우저에서만 테스트를 실행하기 원한다면, 원하는 브라우저를 pom.xml 파일에 의존성을 추가합니다. 예를 들어, Firefox에서 테스트를 실행하고 싶다면 다음과 같은 의존성을 pom.xml 파일에 추가해야 합니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 이와 비슷하게, 만약 크롬에서만 테스트하길 원한다면, 다음과 같은 의존성을 추가해야 합니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python 파이썬을 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 pip로 설치할 수 있습니다.\npip install selenium 또는, PyPI source archive를 다운로드해서 setup.py 를 통해 설치할 수 있습니다.\npython setup.py install C# C#을 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 NuGet으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Ruby를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 gem으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript 자바스크립트를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 npm으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Kotlin을 위한 네이티브 언어 바인딩이 없기 때문에, 자바 바인딩을 사용해야 합니다. e.g. 메이븐 Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 은 웹브라우저를 제어합니다. Selenium 은 여러 프로젝트를 포함하지만, 웹 브라우저 자동화를 위한 도구가 핵심입니다.\n브라우저 인스턴스를 원격으로 제어하고, 사용자와 브라우저와의 상호작용을 에뮬레이트 하기 위한 최고의 기술들이 적용되어 있습니다.\n최종 사용자가 수행하는 일반적인 활동들을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.\n필드에 텍스트 입력, 드롭 다운 및 체크 박스 선택, 링크 클릭, 마우스 이동, 임의의 JavaScript 실행 등의 기능이 제공됩니다.\n웹 사이트의 프론트-엔드 테스트에 주로 사용되지만, Selenium은 브라우저 사용자 에이전트 라이브러리 의 핵심입니다. 인터페이스는 응용 프로그램에 맞게 어디서나 사용될 수 있도록 최적화 되어있고, 당신의 목적에 맞게 다른 라이브러리와의 구성을 장려합니다.\n모든것을 지배하는 하나의 인터페이스 프로젝트의 대원칙 중 하나는 모든 (주요) 브라우저 기술에 대한 공통 인터페이스를 지원하는 것입니다. 웹 브라우저는 매우 복잡하고 고도의 공학이 적용된 응용 프로그램으로, 완전히 다른 방식으로 작업을 수행하지만, 종종 실행 결과는 똑같이 보입니다.\n텍스트가 동일한 글꼴로 렌더링 되더라도 이미지는 같은 곳에 표시되고, 링크는 같은 목적지로 이동합니다. 보이지 않는 내부에서 일어나는 일은 낮과 밤처럼 아예 다릅니다.\nSelenium은 이러한 차이점들을 \u0026ldquo;추상화\u0026quot;하여, 코드를 작성하는 사람으로부터 웹 브라우저의 세부 사항과 복잡성을 숨깁니다. 이를 통해 몇 줄의 코드만으로 복잡한 워크플로를 수행할 수 있으며, 이 코드는 Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome 및 기타 지원하는 모든 브라우저에서 작동합니다.\n도구 및 지원 Selenium의 미니멀리스트 디자인 접근방식은 대규모 어플리케이션의 구성요소로 포함되는 다용도성을 제공합니다. Selenium umbrella 프로젝트의 이름 하에 제공되는 인프라는 당신의 웹 브라우저의 그리드를 결합할 수 있는 도구들을 제공합니다. 여러 장치에 걸친 색다른 브라우저들과 여러 운영 체제에서 테스트를 할 수 있도록 돕습니다.\n서버실이나 데이터 센터에 있는 컴퓨터 뱅크가 하루종일 응용프로그램을 테스트하는 환경에서 사이트의 링크, 양식 및 테이블을 동시에 작동한다고 상상해 보십시오. 간단한 프로그래밍 인터페이스가 가장 대중적인 언어로 제공되므로, 이 테스트는 지칠 줄 모르게 병렬로 실행되고, 오류가 발생하면 다시 보고합니다.\n브라우저를 제어할 뿐만 아니라, 도구와 문서를 사용자에게 제공하여, 이러한 그리드를 쉽게 확장하고 배포 할 수 있도록 하는것이 목표입니다.\nSelenium을 사용하는 사람들에게 세계에서 가장 중요한 회사들이 브라우저 기반 테스트를 위해 Selenium을 채택했고, 종종 다른 독점 도구와 관련된 수년간의 노력을 대체했습니다. Selenium이 인기를 얻으며, 요구 사항과 해결할 과제도 배가 되었습니다.\n웹이 더욱 복잡해지고 새로운 기술이 웹사이트에 추가됨에 따라, 이 프로젝트의 사명은 가능한 한 최신 기술을 따라잡는 것입니다. 오픈소스 프로젝트인 만큼, 이 지원은 각자의 일이 있는 수많은 기여자들의 아낌없는 시간 기부를 통해 제공됩니다.\n이 프로젝트의 또 다른 임무는 더 많은 기여자들이 이 노력에 합세하여 더 강력한 커뮤니티를 구축하고, 프로젝트가 새로운 기술을 계속 유지하여 기능 테스트 자동화를 위한 주요 플랫폼으로 남아 있는 것입니다.\n역사 Selenium 1이 출시 되었던 2004년에는, 웹 응용프로그램의 프론트-엔드에서 일관된 동작을 수동으로 확인하는 데 소요되는 시간을 줄일 필요가 없었습니다. 버전 1은 그 당시 사용가능한 도구를 이용하여 사용자의 상호작용을 모방하기 위해 시험 중인 웹 페이지에 JavaScript를 주입하는 것에 크게 의존했습니다.\nJavaScript는 DOM의 속성을 조사하고, 특정 클라이언트측을 관찰할 수 있는 좋은 도구이지만, 마우스와 키보드를 사용하는 것처럼 사용자의 상호작용을 자연스럽게 복제할 수 있는 능력은 부족합니다.\n그 이후로, Selenium은 많이 발전하고 성숙해졌습니다. —전 세계 대부분의 거대 조직은 아니지만— 많은 사람들이 널리 사용하는 도구로 성장했습니다. Selenium 은 틈새시장의 잠재 고객들과 특정한 사용 사례를 위해 Thinkworks에서 개발한 가정용 테스트 자동화 툴킷에서, 사실상 세계 최고의 브라우저 자동화 라이브러리로 발전했습니다..\nSelenium RC 당시 이용가능한 거래 도구를 활용한 것처럼, Selenium WebDriver는 브라우저 공급 업체의 앞마당을 사용하듯 브라우저 상호 작용 부분이 백-엔드 브라우저를 향한 구현을 책임지도록 요구함으로써 전통을 이어갑니다. 최근 이 작업은 W3C 표준화 프로세스로 발전하여, Selenium의 WebDriver 구성 요소를 사용자 에이전트를 위한 오늘날의 원격 제어 라이브러리로 전환하는 것이 목표입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end.\nThe remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: When navigating to a new page via URL, by default Selenium will wait until the page has fully loaded before responding. This works well for beginners, but can cause long wait times on pages that load a large number of third party resources. Using a non default strategy can make test execution faster in cases like this, but can also introduce flakiness where elements on the page change position as elements load in and change size.\nThe page load strategy queries the document.readyState as described in the table below:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Used by default, waits for all resources to download   eager interactive DOM access is ready, but other resources like images may still be loading   none Any Does not block WebDriver at all    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"구성 도움말","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"구성 요소 이해","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver를 사용하여 테스트 스위트를 빌드하려면 이해하고 이해해야합니다. 다양한 구성 요소를 효과적으로 사용합니다. 모든 것과 마찬가지로 소프트웨어, 다른 사람들은 동일한 아이디어에 대해 다른 용어를 사용합니다. 아래는 이 설명에서 용어가 사용되는 방식에 대한 분석.\n술어  API: Application Programming Interface. 이것은 \u0026ldquo;명령\u0026quot;세트입니다 WebDriver를 조작하는 데 사용합니다. Library: API와 필요한 코드를 포함하는 코드 모듈 그것들을 구현하기 위해. 라이브러리는 각 언어 바인딩에 따라 다릅니다 (예 : .jar). Java 용 파일, .NET 용 .dll 파일 등 Driver: 실제 브라우저를 제어합니다. 대부분의 운전자 브라우저 공급 업체 자체에 의해 생성됩니다. 드라이버는 일반적으로 브라우저 자체를 사용하여 시스템에서 실행되는 실행 가능 모듈 테스트 스위트를 실행하는 시스템에는 없습니다. (그것들이 참고 : 일부 사람들은 드라이버를 프록시라고합니다. Framework: WebDriver 지원으로 사용되는 추가 라이브러리 스위트. 이러한 프레임 워크는 JUnit 또는 NUnit과 같은 테스트 프레임 워크 일 수 있습니다. 또한 자연 언어 기능을 지원하는 프레임 워크 일 수도 있습니다. 오이 또는 로보 티움으로. 프레임 워크는 다음을 위해 작성되고 사용될 수도 있습니다. 테스트중인 시스템 조작 또는 구성, 데이터 제작, 테스트 오라클 등  부품과 조각 최소한 WebDriver는 드라이버를 통해 브라우저와 통신합니다. 통신 WebDriver는 드라이버를 통해 브라우저에 명령을 전달합니다. 동일한 경로를 통해 정보를 다시받습니다.\n드라이버는 Google의 ChromeDriver와 같은 브라우저에 따라 다릅니다. Chrome/Chromium, Mozilla Firefox 용 GeckoDriver 등 드라이버는 다음에서 실행됩니다. 브라우저와 동일한 시스템. 이것은 동일한 시스템 일 수도 있고 아닐 수도 있습니다. 테스트 자체가 실행 중입니다.\n위의 간단한 예는 direct 통신 입니다. 통신 브라우저는 Selenium 서버를 통한 remote 통신 일 수도 있고 RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver는 드라이버와 동일한 시스템에서 실행됩니다. 그리고 브라우저.\nSelenium Server 또는 Selenium을 사용하여 원격 통신을 수행 할 수도 있습니다. 그리드, 둘 다 호스트 시스템의 드라이버와 통신\n프레임 워크가 적합한 곳 WebDriver에는 하나의 작업과 하나의 작업 만 있습니다. 위의 방법 중 하나입니다. WebDriver는 테스트에 대해 알지 못합니다. 사물을 비교하는 방법을 알고, 통과 또는 실패를 주장하며, 확실하지 않습니다 보고 또는 주어진 / 언제 / 그럼 문법에 관한 것.\n다양한 프레임 워크가 등장합니다. 최소한 당신은 필요합니다 언어 바인딩과 일치하는 테스트 프레임 워크 (예 : .NET, JUnit 용 NUnit Java, Ruby 용 RSpec 등\n테스트 프레임 워크는 WebDriver 실행 및 실행을 담당합니다. 그리고 테스트의 관련 단계. 따라서, 당신은 비슷한 것으로 생각할 수 있습니다 다음 이미지에.\nCucumber와 같은 자연 언어 프레임 워크 / 도구는 그 일부로 존재할 수 있습니다. 위 그림의 테스트 프레임 워크 상자 또는 테스트 프레임 워크를 래핑 할 수 있습니다. 전적으로 자신의 구현에.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"목적 및 주요 기능","tags":[],"description":"","content":" 모든 테스트의 중앙 진입 지점 브라우저가 실행되는 환경과 노드의 관리 및 제어 스케일링 병렬로 테스트 실행 교차 플랫폼 테스트 부하분산  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"브라우저","tags":[],"description":"","content":"일반적인 브라우저 Selenium 프레임워크는 공식적으로 다음과 같은 브라우저를 지원합니다.\n   브라우저 관리자 지원 버전     Chrome Chromium 모든 버전   Firefox Mozilla 54 이상   Edge Microsoft 84 이상   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 이상   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 이상   Safari Apple 10 이상    전문화된 브라우저 개발 환경에서 전형적으로 사용되는 특수 브라우저 세트도 있습니다.\n우리는 자동화 목적으로 이러한 브라우저를 사용할 수 있으며, Selenium은 다음과 같은 전문화된 드라이버를 지원합니다.\n   드라이버명 목적 관리자     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino Selenium 프로젝트    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/","title":"빠르게 살펴보기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"셀레니움은 하나의 도구(tool)나 API가 아닌, 여러 도구들로 구성되어 있습니다.\n웹 드라이버(WebDriver) 컴퓨터나 모바일 웹사이트 테스트를 자동화하는 것부터 시작하신다면, 아마 웹 드라이버 APIs부터 쓰게 될 겁니다. 웹 드라이버WebDriver 는 브라우저를 조종하고 테스트를 진행할 수 있도록 제작사에서 제공하는 브라우저 자동화 API를 사용합니다. 이는 진짜 사용자가 브라우저를 이용하는 것과 유사합니다. 웹 드라이버 API를 애플리케이션의 코드로 컴파일할 필요가 없기 때문에, 독립적으로 작동합니다.\n더 나아가, 실시간으로 사용하는 것처럼 애플리케이션을 테스트합니다.\n통합개발환경 (IDE) IDE (통합개발환경 Integrated Development Environment) 은 자신만의 셀레니움 테스트 케이스를 개발하기 위해 사용할 도구입니다. 크롬이나 파이어폭스 확장으로 사용하기 쉽고, 이는 보통 테스트 케이스를 개발하는데 가장 효율적인 방법이기도 합니다. 이 도구는 여러분을 위해 브라우저 상에서 사용자의 행동을 수집합니다. 기존의 셀레니움 커맨드를 이용해서, 각 요소의 문맥에 따라 정의된 매개변수로 말이죠. 이는 시간을 절약해줄 뿐만 아니라 셀레니움 스크립트 문법을 배우는데 최고의 방법입니다.\n조합 격자 (Grid) Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/","title":"시작하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"시작하기 Selenium이 처음이신가요? 빠르게 시작할 수 있도록 돕기 위해서 몇 가지 자료를 준비했습니다.\n 빠르게 살펴보기  웹 드라이버WebDriver 통합개발환경 IDE 격자 Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"자동화 튜링 테스트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"캡차(CAPTCHA)는 컴퓨터와 인간을 구분하기 위한 완전 자동화된 공공 튜링 테스트(Completely Automated Public Turing Test to telling Computer and Humans addition)의 줄임말로, 자동화를 방지하도록 명시되어 있으므로 시도하지 마시오! CAPTCHA 검사를 수행하기 위한 두 가지 주요 전략이 있다.\n 테스트 환경에서 CAPTCHA 비활성화 테스트가 CAPTCHA를 우회할 수 있도록 후크 추가  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specific capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Firefox Define Capabilities using FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is the new way to define capabilities for the Firefox browser and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile It is possible to create a custom profile for Firefox as demonstrated below.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout In some environments, Internet Explorer may timeout when opening the File Upload dialog. IEDriver has a default timeout of 1000ms, but you can increase the timeout using the fileUploadDialogTimeout capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit(); } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"관찰 가능성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"드라이버 요구사항","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 WebDriver를 이용하여 Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari와 같은 시장의 모든 주요 브라우저들을 지원합니다. 모든 브라우저가 원격 제어에 대한 공식적인 지원을 가지고 있는 것은 아니지만, WebDriver는 가능한 경우 브라우저에 내장된 자동화 지원을 이용하여 브라우저를 구동합니다.\nWebDriver의 목적은 브라우저와 실제 사용자의 상호작용을 최대한 모방하는 것이며, 이는 브라우저마다 다른 수준으로 진행될 수 있습니다. 다양한 드라이버 특성에 대한 자세한 내용은 _드라이버 특성_을 참조하십시오.\n브라우저 제어를 위한 사용자 대면 인터페이스는 모든 드라이버가 동일하지만, 브라우저 세션을 설정하는 방법에는 약간의 차이가 존재합니다. 드라이버 구현의 많은 부분들은 서드파티에 의해 제공되기 때문에 표준 Selenium 배포에 포함되지 않습니다.\n브라우저에 따라 요구사항이 다른 매개변수의 예시에는 드라이버의 인스턴스화, 프로필 관리 및 다양한 브라우저별 설정 등의 작업 등이 있습니다. 여기서는 다른 브라우저를 시작하기 위한 기초적인 요구사항을 안내합니다.\nPATH에 실행 파일을 추가합니다. 대부분의 드라이버들은 Selenium이 브라우저를 이용하여 통신하기 위한 추가 실행 파일을 필요로 합니다. WebDriver를 시작하기 전에 실행 파일의 위치를 수동으로 지정할 수 있습니다. 그러나 실행 파일이 모든 시스템에서 동일한 위치에 있거나, 테스트 코드 저장소에 실행 파일이 포함되어야 하기 때문에 이식성이 떨어질 수 있습니다.\nSelenium은 시스템 경로에 WebDriver의 바이너리가 들어 있는 폴더를 추가함으로써, 테스트 코드가 드라이버의 정확한 위치를 찾도록 요구하지 않아도 추가 바이너리를 찾도록 할 수 있습니다.\n 실행 파일을 넣을 디렉토리를 다음과 같이 만듭니다. C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin PATH에 디렉토리를 추가합니다:  Windows의 경우 - CMD를 관리자 권한으로 실행한 뒤, 다음 명령을 실행하여 컴퓨터의 모든 사용자에 대한 디렉터리를 경로에 영구적으로 추가합니다.    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Mac OS와 Linux의 Bash 사용자의 경우 - terminal을 사용합니다:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   이제 변경 사항을 테스트 할 준비가 되었습니다. 열려있는 모든 CMD를 닫고, 새 CMD를 실행한 뒤, 이전 단계에서 생성한 폴더에 바이너리 중 하나의 이름을 다음과 같이 입력합니다.\nchromedriver   만약 PATH가 올바르게 구성되었다면, 다음과 같이 드라이버 시작과 관련된 일부 출력을 볼 수 있을 것입니다.:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. 이 상태에선 Ctrl+C를 눌러 CMD를 다시 제어할 수 있습니다.\n빠른 참조    브라우저 지원하는 OS 유지 및 관리 다운로드 이슈 트래커     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla DownLoads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft DownLoads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project DownLoads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera DownLoads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Chrome 또는 Chromium에서 구동하기 위해 chromedriver 를 다운받은 뒤, 시스템 경로에 넣어야 합니다.\nLinux 또는 MacOS에서 이는 PATH 환경 변수 수정을 의미하므로, 다음 명령을 실행하여 콜론(:)으로 구분된 디렉토리를 시스템 경로를 구성할 수 있습니다:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin 경로에 chromedriver를 포함할 때, chromedriver 바이너리의 상위 디렉토리를 포함하는지 확인 해야 합니다. 다음 줄은 PATH 환경 변수의 현재 내용과 콜론(:) 뒤에 추가 경로를 덧붙여야 합니다:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; 경로에서 chromedriver를 사용할 수 있는 경우, 모든 디렉토리에서 chromedriver 실행 파일을 실행할 수 있어야 합니다.\n다음을 이용하여 Chrome/Chromium 세션을 인스턴스화 할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     chromedriver 실행 파일의 경로 설정은 다음과 같이 가능합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriver는 Chrome의 내부 자동화 프록시 인터페이스를 노출하여 브라우저에게 수행할 작업을 지시하는 웹 드라이버 원격 서버로 구현됩니다.\nFirefox Mozilla는 Selenium 3을 시작으로 Firefox 드라이버 geckodriver의 구현을 이어받았으며, geckodriver라고 불립니다. 이는 Firefox 48 이상 버전에서 작동하고, Firefox WebDriver가 꾸준히 개발중이기 때문에 새로운 Firefox 버전이 나올때마다 더 나은 지원을 제공합니다.\ngeckodriver은 Firefox를 시작하는 기본적인 방법이기 때문에 Selenium 2와 같은 방법으로 Firefox를 인스턴스화 할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     PATH를 사용하지 않고 geckodriver의 위치를 설정하려면, 프로그램적으로 geckodriver의 바이너리 위치를 설정해야 합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     런타임의 속성을 설정하는 것 또한 가능합니다:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver 현재 Firefox 47.0.1 또는 45 ESR)을 설치하고 원하는 marionette 기능을 false로 지정함으로써 이전의, 보다 완전한 Firefox 드라이버로 되돌릴 수 있습니다. 그러나 이후 출시된 Firefox는 더 이상 호환이 불가능합니다.\nEdge Edge는 Windows 10과 Server 2016에 포함된 microsoft의 최신 브라우저입니다.\nEdge의 업데이트는 주요 Windows 업데이트와 함께 번들로 제공되기 때문에 바이너리를 다운로드 할 때는 현재 설치된 Windows 빌드 번호와 바이너리의 빌드 번호가 일치하는지 확인이 필요합니다.\nEdge Developer sites는 사용 가능한 모든 바이너리 파일에 대한 링크를 포함합니다. EdgeDriver 구현에 대한 버그는 Microsoft에 올라올 수 있습니다. microsoft는 Windows 10을 실행하지 않고 Edge에 대해 테스트를 하려는 테스터를 위해 다음 사이트에서 무료 VM을 제공합니다. Edge Developer sites\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     경로에 Edge 드라이버가 없는 경우 다음과 같이 경로를 설정할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer는 windows 10에 포함되며, windows 10까지 microsoft의 기본 브라우저였습니다. Internet Explorer 드라이버는 Selenium 프로젝트와 동일한 릴리즈를 지원하는 것을 목표로 하는 유일한 드라이버입니다.Microsoft considers current 또한 이전 릴리즈들은 작동할 수 있지만 지원은 되지 않을 예정입니다.\nSelenium 프로젝트는 32-bit와 64-bit 버전의 Internet Explorer에 모두 바이너리를 제공합니다. 32-bit 드라이버를 사용하는 것은 계속해서 잘 작동하는 반면 64-bit 드라이버가 있는 Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11에는 몇가지 제한이 존재합니다. limitations\nInternet Explorer은 로그인한 사용자 계정에 대해 설정이 저장되므로 일부 추가 설정 additional setup is required이 필요하다는 점을 유의해야 합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     경로에 Internet Explorer 드라이버가 없는 경우 다음과 같이 경로를 설정할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     microsoft는 또한 Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1에서 Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1에 존재하는 Internet Explorer 11을 위한 WebDriver 바이너리를 제공합니다. 이는 2014년 이후 업데이트되지 않았지만, W3 규격 초안을 기반으로 하고 있습니다.\nJim Evans는 microsoft의 구현에 대한 훌륭한 기록을 가지고 있습니다.\nOpera 현재 출시된 Opera는 Chromium 엔진 위에 구축되어 있으며, WebDriver는 이제 closed-source Opera Chromium Driver를 통해 PATH에 추가 added to your PATH 또는 시스템 속성으로 지원됩니다.\n드라이버 세션을 인스턴스화하는 것은 Firefox, Chromium과 유사합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra 이상 버전:\n 터미널에서 다음 명령을 한 뒤, WebDriver를 승인하기 위해 프롬프트에 암호를 입력합니다.  safaridriver --enable El Capitan과 Sierra:\n Safari 기본 설정에서 개발자 메뉴를 사용합니다. 개발 메뉴에서 \u0026lsquo;원격 자동화 허용\u0026rsquo; 옵션을 확인합니다. 터미널에서 다음 명령을 한 뒤, WebDriver를 승인하기 위해 프롬프트에 암호를 입력합니다.  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ 이후 아래를 사용하여 드라이버 세션을 시작할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     iOS에서 Safari 자동화를 원하는 사용자는 Appium project를 참조해야 합니다. 이전에는 Windows용 Safari를 사용할 수 있었지만, 오랫동안 중단된 Apple의 지원으로 인해 Safari의 시험용 플랫폼으로서의 가치가 낮아졌습니다.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HTMLUnit은 \u0026ldquo;Java 프로그램을 위한 GUI-Less 브라우저\u0026quot;입니다. 이는 HTML 문서를 모델링하고 페이지 호출, 양식 작성, 클릭링크 등이 가능한 API를 제공합니다. 또한 JavaScript 지원 기능이 있으며, 사용되는 구성에 따라 Chrome, Firefox 또는 Internet Explorer를 시뮬레이션하여 AJAX 라이브러리와 작업할 수 있습니다. 이것은 new location)로 옮겨졌으며, 소스는 svn으로 유지됩니다.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS는 Google Chrome이나 Safari가 사용하는 것 보다 훨씬 오래된 버전의 Webkit을 기반으로 한 헤드리스 브라우저입니다. 역사적으로 대중적인 선택이었지만, 이제 이 프로젝트는 유지되지 않으므로 PhantomJS를 피하는 것이 현명할 것입니다. since the 5th of August 2017, 따라서 웹이 계속 바뀌는 동안, PhantomJS는 업데이트되지 않을 것입니다.\n프로젝트의 유지 중단은 Google이 Chrome을 헤드리스로 실행할 수 있는 능력을 발표한 후였는데, 지금은 Mozilla의 Firefox도 이 기능을 제공하고 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/","title":"소개","tags":[],"description":"","content":"소개 셀레니움(Selenium)은 웹브라우저를 자동화할 수 있게 돕는 일련의 도구 모음인 엄브렐라 프로젝트(umbrella project) 중 일부입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 플러그인의 사용으로 확장될 수 있습니다.\n다음은 제3자에 의해 생성되고 유지되는 많은 플러그인 입니다.\n고유한 플러그인을 만들거나 플러그인이 나열되는 자세한 내용은 문서를 참조하세요.\n이러한 플러그인은 Selenium 프로젝트에서 지원, 유지 관리, 호스팅 또는 보증하지 않는다는 점에서 유의하십시오.\n또한 아래 나열된 플러그인이 반드시 Apache License v2.0에 따라 라이센스가 부여되지 않는다는 것을 유념하십시오.\n일부 플러그인은 다른 모료 오픈소스 소프트웨어 라이센스로 사용할 수 있으며, 다른 플러그인은 독점 라이센스로만 사용할 수 있습니다.\n플러그인과 해당 플러그인의 배포 라이센스에 대한 모든 질문은 해당 개발자와 함께 제기해 주세요.\n   브라우저 최신 버전 변경 내역 이슈 위키     Google ChromeDriver 2.29 changelog issues wiki    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"웹드라이버 바이너리 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"당신의 프로젝트와 브라우저 제어를 시작하기 위해서 특정 브라우저의 웹드라이버 바이너리가 설치가 필요합니다.\n당신의 브라우저가 지원하는 웹드라이버 바이너리 를 다운로드하고, 시스템 경로에 위치하세요.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"테스트 자동화","tags":[],"description":"","content":"먼저 정말로 브라우저를 사용할 것인지 스스로 물어보는 것부터 시작합니다. 복잡한 웹 응용 프로그램에서 작업하는 경우 브라우저를 열고 실제로 테스트해야할 필요가 있습니다.\n그러나 셀레니움 테스트와 같은 최종 사용자 테스트는 실행 비용이 많이 듭니다. 게다가 일반적으로 효율적인 운영을 위해서는 상당한 인프라가 구현되어야 합니다. 즉, unit test와 같은 보다 가벼운 테스트 접근 방식을 사용하거나 낮은 수준의 접근 방식을 사용해서 테스트할 수 있는지 항상 자문하는 것이 좋습니다.\n당신이 웹 브라우저 테스트 업무를 하고 있고 셀레니움 환경에서 테스트를 할 준비가 되어 있다면, 일반적으로 다음 세 단계의 조합을 수행할 것입니다.\n 데이터 설정 개별 작업 수행 결과 평가  아마 당신은 위 단계를 한 두번 내로 끝내기를 원할 겁니다. 브라우저 자동화는 \u0026ldquo;신뢰할 수 없는\u0026rdquo; 평판을 가지고 있지만 실제로 그것은 사용자가 너무 많은 것을 요구하기 때문입니다. 이 후 챕터에서는 테스트에서 드러나는 간헐적 문제를 완화하기 위해 사용할 수 있는 기술, 특히 브라우저와 웹 드라이버 간의 경쟁상태 극복방법을 살펴보겠습니다.\n대안이 전혀 없는 경우에 테스트를 짧게 유지하고 웹 브라우저만 사용함으로써 최소한의 Flake로 많은 테스트를 수행할 수 있습니다.\n셀레니움 테스트의 고유한 장점은 백엔드부터 프런트엔드까지 애플리케이션의 모든 구성요소를 사용자의 관점에서 테스트할 수 있다는 것입니다. 즉, 기능 테스트를 실행하는 데 비용이 많이 들 수 있지만 동시에 업무상 중요한 많은 부분을 포괄하기도 한다는 것입니다.\n테스트 요구사항 앞서 언급했듯이 셀레니움 테스트는 실행비용이 많이 듭니다. 테스트를 실행하는 브라우저에 따라 어느 정도가 달라지지만, 역사적으로 브라우저의 동작은 너무 다양하여 여러 브라우저에 대해 교차 테스트하는 것이 종종 명시되어 왔습니다.\n셀레니움을 사용하면 여러 운영 체제에서 여러 브라우저에 대해 동일한 명령을 내릴 수 있지만, 서로 다른 버전의 가능한 모든 브라우저 및 이러한 브라우저가 실행되는 많은 운영 체제의 열거는 사소한 작업이 아닙니다.\n예를 들면, Larry는 사용자들이 그들의 커스텀 유니콘을 주문할 수 있는 웹사이트를 만들었습니다.\n일반적인 workflow (이하 \u0026ldquo;happy path\u0026quot;이라 함)는 다음과 같습니다.\n 계정 만들기 유니콘 구성하기 장바구니에 추가 체크아웃 후 결제 유니콘에 대한 피드백 주기  많은 사람들은 셀레니움 스크립트을 하나 짜서 모든 작업을 수행하는 것이 구미가 당길 것입니다. 하지만 유혹을 뿌리쳐야 합니다! 만일 스크립트를 작성해서 작업을 수행하면, a) 시간이 오래 걸리는 테스트, b) 페이지 렌더링 타이밍 문제와 관련된 몇 가지 일반적인 문제가 발생할 수 있으며 c) 테스트가 실패할 경우 무엇이 잘못되었는지 진단하는 간결하고 \u0026ldquo;일람 가능한\u0026rdquo; 방법이 제공되지 않을 수 있습니다\n이 시나리오를 테스트하기 위한 선호 전략은 일련의 독립적이고 속도 높은 테스트로 세분화하는 것이고, 각각의 테스트는 하나의 \u0026ldquo;이유\u0026quot;가 존재합니다.\n두 번째 단계인 유니콘 구성을 테스트해 보겠습니다. 다음 작업을 수행합니다.\n 계정 만들기 유니콘 구성하기  나머지 단계는 건너뛰고 이 단계를 완료한 후 다른 소규모 개별 테스트 사례에서 나머지 워크플로를 테스트합니다.\n시작하려면 계정을 만들어야 합니다. 다음 몇 가지 선택 사항이 있습니다.\n 기존 계정을 사용하시겠습니까? 새 계정을 생성하시겠습니까? 구성을 시작하기 전에 사용자의 특수한 properties을 고려해야 합니까?  이 문제의 답변에 관계없이 해결책은 이 질문을 테스트의 \u0026ldquo;데이터 설정\u0026rdquo; 부분에 포함시키는 것입니다. Larry가 사용자 계정을 만들고 업데이트할 수 있는 API를 노출한 경우, 이 질문에 답변하기 위해 해당 API를 사용해야 합니다. 가능한 경우, 신원 확인이 된 로그인할 수 있는 사용자가 있는 경우에만 브라우저를 시작합니다.\n각 워크플로에 대한 각 테스트가 사용자 계정 생성으로 시작되면 각 테스트 실행에 몇 초가 추가됩니다. API를 호출하고 데이터베이스와 통신하는 것은 빠르고 브라우저를 열고, 올바른 페이지로 이동하고, 양식이 제출 될 때까지 클릭하고 대기하는 등의 비용이 많이 드는 프로세스가 필요없는 \u0026ldquo;headless\u0026quot;작업입니다.\n브라우저가 시작되기 전에 실행되는 코드 한 줄에서 이 설정 단계를 해결하는 것이 이상적입니다 :\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     생각하신 대로 UserFactory를 확장하여 createAdminUser() 및 createUserWithPayment()와 같은 메소드를 제공할 수 있습니다. 요점은, 이 두 줄의 코드가 이 테스트의 궁극적인 목적, 즉 유니콘을 구성하는 것을 방해하지 않는다는 것입니다.\n페이지 오브젝트 모델의 복잡성은 뒤에서 설명하겠지만, 여기서는 개념만 소개하겠습니다.\n테스트는 사이트의 페이지 컨텍스트 내에서 사용자의 관점에서 수행되는 작업으로 구성되어야 합니다. 이러한 페이지는 개체로 저장되며, 여기에는 웹 페이지의 구성 방법과 수행 방법에 대한 특정 정보가 포함됩니다. 이 중 대부분은 테스터와 관련이 없습니다.\n어떤 유니콘을 원하십니까? 당신은 분홍색을 원할지 모르지만 꼭 그렇지는 않습니다. 보라색은 최근에 꽤 인기가 있습니다. 그녀가 선글라스가 필요합니까? 별 타투? 이러한 선택은 어렵기는 하지만 검사자로서 가장 중요한 관심사입니다. 주문 이행 센터에서 적절한 유니콘을 적절한 사람에게 발송할 수 있도록 해야 합니다. 이러한 선택에서부터 시작합니다.\n이 단락 어디에서도 buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons 또는 웹 양식에 대해 이야기하지 않습니다. 테스트도 마찬가지입니다! 사용자가 문제를 해결하려는 것처럼 코드를 작성하려고 합니다. 다음은 이 작업을 수행하는 한 가지 방법입니다(이전 예시에서 이어집니다) :\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     테스터는 여전히 이 코드에서 유니콘에 대해 아무것도 하지 않고 있습니다. buttons, locators, 브라우저 컨트롤도 없습니다. 애플리케이션을 모델링하는 이 방법을 사용하면 다음 주에 Larry가 Ruby-on-Rails를 더 이상 좋아하지 않는다고 결정하고 Fortran 프런트 엔드로 최신 Haskell 바인딩에서 전체 사이트를 다시 구현하기로 결정하더라도 테스트 레벨 명령을 그대로 유지할 수 있습니다.\n페이지 객체는 사이트 재설계를 준수하기 위해 약간의 유지보수가 필요하지만, 이러한 테스트는 그대로 유지됩니다. 이 기본 설계를 사용하면 브라우저 지향 단계를 최소화하면서 workflows를 계속 진행할 수 있습니다. 다음 workflows에는 쇼핑 카트에 유니콘을 추가하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 카트의 상태를 올바르게 유지하기 위해 이 테스트를 여러 번 반복해야 할 것입니다. 시작하기 전에 카트에 유니콘이 한 개 이상 있습니까? 쇼핑 카트에 몇 개나 들어갈 수 있나요? 이름 및/또는 기능이 같은 두 개 이상 생성될 경우 중단됩니까? 기존 항목만 유지할 것입니까, 아니면 다른 항목만 추가할 것입니까?\nWorkflow를 이동할 때마다 계정을 생성하고 사용자로 로그인하고 유니콘을 구성할 필요가 없습니다. 이상적으로 계정을 생성하고 API 또는 데이터베이스를 통해 유니콘을 미리 구성할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 사용자로 로그인하여 스파클을 찾은 다음 카트에 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.\n자동화를 할까요, 말까요? 자동화가 항상 유리할까요? 언제 테스트 케이스를 자동화하기로 결정해야 할까요?\n테스트 사례를 자동화하는 것이 항상 유리한 것은 아닙니다. 수동 테스트가 더 적절할 수 있는 경우가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 애플리케이션의 사용자 인터페이스가 가까운 시일에 크게 변화할 경우, 모든 자동화를 다시 작성해야 할 수 있습니다. 또한 테스트 자동화를 구축하기 위한 시간이 충분하지 않은 경우도 있습니다. 단기적으로는 수동 시험이 더 효과적일 수 있습니다. 애플리케이션의 마감 시간이 매우 빠듯할 경우, 현재 사용 가능한 테스트 자동화가 없으며, 반드시 해당 기간 내에 테스트를 수행해야 합니다. 따라서 이 때는 수동 테스트가 가장 적합한 솔루션입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"파일 다운로드","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium의 제어 하에 브라우저로 링크를 클릭하면 다운로드를 시작할 수 있지만, API는 다운로드 진행 상황을 노출시키지 않아 다운로드 파일 테스트에 이상적이지 않다. 이것은 파일 다운로드가 웹 플랫폼과의 사용자 상호작용을 모방하는 중요한 측면으로 여겨지지 않기 때문이다. 대신 Selenium(및 필요한 쿠키)을 사용하여 링크를 찾아 HTTP 요청 라이브러리 like libcurl.에 전달하라.\n Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Element 찾기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"하나의 element 찾기 웹드라이버를 사용할 때 알아야할 가장 기본적인 테크닉 중 하나는 페이지에서 element들을 찾는 것입니다. 웹드라이버는 다양한 종류의 내장된 셀렉터 타입들을 제공해주고, 그 중 하나는 ID 속성을 통해 element들을 찾는 것입니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     예시와 같이, 웹드라이버에서 element들을 찾는 것은 WebDriver 인스턴스 객체에서 시행됩니다. findElement(By) 메소드는 WebElement라는 기초적인 객체를 반환합니다.\n WebDriver 는 브라우저를 나타냅니다. WebElement 는 특정한 DOM 노드를 나타냅니다. (링크나 인풋 필드 등)  발견된 웹 element에 대한 참조가 있다면, 그 참조를 통해 검색 범위를 좁힐 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     이것이 가능한 이유는 WebDriver 과 WebElement 모두 SearchContext라는 인터페이스를 구현한 것이기 때문입니다.이것은 웹드라이버에서 role-based(역할 기반) 인터페이스라고 알려져 있습니다. Role-based 인터페이스는 특정 드라이버 구현이 주어진 기능을 지원하는지 확인할 수 있게 해줍니다. 이러한 인터페이스는 명확하게 정의되어 있으며, 단 하나의 역할만을 가지고 있는 것을 고수하려고 노력합니다. 웹드라이버의 디자인이나 어떠한 드라이버에서 어떠한 역할을 지원하는지에 대해서는 여기(아직 미구현)를 참고하십시오.\n따라서, 위에서 사용한 By인터페이스도 다양한 추가 locator 전략을 지원합니다. 중첩된 조회는 브라우저에 별도의 두 개 명령을 실행해야하므로 가장 효과적인 cheese 찾기 전략이 아닐 수 있습니다. 별도의 두 개 명령은 ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026quot;를 DOM에서 찾는 명령과 그 곳에서 \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026quot;를 그 다음에 찾는 명령을 말합니다.\n성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 좀 더 세부적인 locator를 사용해야합니다. 웹드라이버는 CSS locator를 통해 element를 검색하는 기능을 지원하고, 이는 위처럼 두 개의 locator를 사용할 필요가 없게 해줍니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     다수의 element 찾기 우리가 작업하고 있는 문서가 다음과 같이 우리가 제일 좋아하는 치즈들의 정렬된 리스트일 수 있습니다:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; 더 많은 치즈는 의심할 여지 없이 더 좋지만, 각각의 아이템들을 따로 회수하기에는 너무 복잡하고 힘들어질 것입니다. 이를 위한 좀 더 상급 테크닉은 바로 다수 버전의 findElements(By)를 사용하는 것입니다. 이 메소드는 web elements들의 컬렉션을 반환합니다. 하나의 element만 발견되어도 여전히 컬렉션을 반환합니다. (이 때의 컬렉션은 하나의 element로 이루어져 있습니다). 만약 아무 element가 발견되지 않는다면, 빈 리스트가 반환됩니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element 선택 전략 웹드라이버에는 여덟 가지의 내장된 element location 전략이 있습니다:\n   Locator Description     class name class name 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   css selector CSS selector 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   id ID 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   name NAME 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   link text 보이는 텍스트 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   partial link text 보이는 텍스트 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   tag name tag name 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   xpath Xpath expression 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.    Selector 사용 팁 일반적으로 HTML ID가 사용가능하고, 고유하며, 예측가능하다면 검색할 때 HTML ID를 통해 하는 것이 좋습니다. HTML ID로 검색하는 것은 매우 빠르며, 복잡하게 DOM을 이용하는 방법들을 속도에서 앞섭니다.\n고유한 ID가 없다면, CSS selector이 그 다음으로 선호되는 방법입니다. XPath 또한 CSS selector만큼 잘 작동되지만, 구문이 복잡하며 디버깅을 하기 힘듭니다. 하지만 XPath selector는 매우 유연하기 때문에 일반적으로 브라우저 벤더에 의해 성능 테스트를 받지 않으며 꽤 느린 경향이 있다.\nlinkText와 partialLinkText를 이용한 전략은 link element에서만 사용이 가능합니다. 또한, 웹드라이버 내부적으로는 XPath selector를 사용하여 작동합니다.\nTag name은 element 검색을 할 때 위험한 방법이 될 수도 있습니다. 한 페이지에는 종종 동일한 tag를 가진 여러 element들이 있습니다. 이 방법은 주로 findElements(By) 메소드를 통해 element의 컬렉션을 반환할 때 유용합니다.\nLocator들을 최대한 가독성 있고 간단하게 유지하는 것을 추천드립니다. 웹 드라이버에게 DOM 전체를 검색하라는 것은 성능이 많이 들어가기 때문에, 검색범위를 좁히면 좁힐수록 좋습니다.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4는 Relative Locators, 또는 _Friendly Locators_를 지원합니다. 이 기능은 다른 element 근처에 있는 element를 검색할 때 도움이 됩니다.\n사용가능한 Relative Locators들은 다음과 같습니다:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement 메소드는 또다른 메소드 withTagName() 를 받습니다. 이 메소드는 Relative Locator를 반환합니다.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\n어떻게 작동하는가 셀레니움은 자바스크립트 함수 getBoundingClientRect() 를 사용해서 releative element를 찾습니다. 이 함수는 right(오른쪽), left(왼쪽), bottom(아래), top(위)와 같은 element의 속성들을 반환합니다.\n아래 사진을 예시로 relative locator에 대해 알아봅시다.\nabove() 특정 element 위의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 특정 element 아래의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 특정 element 왼쪽의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 특정 element 오른쪽의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 특정 element의 최대 50px 근처의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid 는 Selenium 테스트가 명령을 원격 웹 브라우저 인스턴스로 보낼 수 있도록 하는 스마트 프록시 서버입니다. 이것의 목적은 여러 기계에서 병렬로 테스트를 실행할 수 있는 쉬운 방법을 제공하는 것입니다.\nSelenium Grid 에서 한 서버는 JSON 형식 테스트 명령을 하나 이상의 등록된 Grid 노드로 보내는 허브로서의 역할을 합니다. 테스트를 허브에 연결하여 원격 브라우저 인스턴스에 대한 액세스 권한을 얻으십시오. 허브에는 이러한 인스턴스에 대한 액세스 권한을 제공하고 제어를 허용하는 등록된 서버 목록이 있습니다.\nSelenium Grid 는 여러 컴퓨터에서 동시에 테스트를 실행할 수 있도록 하며, (개별 테스트 대신에) 서로 다른 브라우저 버전과 브라우저 구성을 중앙에서 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.\nSelenium Grid 는 묘책이 아닙니다. 일반적인 위임 및 배포 문제의 부분 집합을 해결하지만, 예를 들어 당신의 인프라를 관리하지 않으며 당신의 특정한 요구에 적합하지 않을 수 있습니다.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP 응답 코드","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium RC의 일부 브라우저 구성에서 Selenium은 자동화되고 있는 브라우저와 사이트 사이의 프록시 역할을 했다. 이것은 셀레니움을 통과하는 모든 브라우저 트래픽이 캡처되거나 조작될 수 있다는 것을 의미했다. captureNetworkTraffic() 방법은 HTTP 응답 코드를 포함하여 자동화되고 있는 브라우저와 사이트 사이의 모든 네트워크 트래픽을 캡처하기 위한 것이다.\nSelenium WebDriver는 브라우저 자동화에 대한 완전히 다른 접근방식으로, 사용자처럼 행동하는 것을 선호한다. 이는 당신이 WebDriver로 시험을 작성하는 방식으로 표현된다. 자동 기능 테스트에서 상태 코드 확인은 테스트 실패의 특별히 중요한 세부 사항은 아니다; 그 이전의 단계들이 더 중요하다.\n브라우저는 항상 HTTP 상태 코드, 예를 들어 404 또는 500 오류 페이지를 나타낸다. 이러한 오류 페이지 중 하나에 부딪쳤을 때 \u0026ldquo;빠르게 실패\u0026quot;하는 간단한 방법은 페이지 로드 때마다 신뢰할 수 있는 지점(예: \u0026ldquo;h1\u0026rdquo; 태그)의 페이지 제목이나 내용을 확인하는 것이다. 페이지 개체 모델을 사용하는 경우, 이 검사를 클래스 생성자 또는 페이지 로드가 예상되는 유사한 지점에 포함할 수 있다. 때때로, HTTP 코드는 브라우저의 에러 페이지에 표시될 수 있고 당신은 이것을 읽고 당신의 디버깅 출력을 향상시키기 위해 WebDriver를 사용할 수 있다.\n웹페이지 자체를 확인하는 것은 웹브라이버의 이상적인 관행과 일치한다.\n당신이 주장한다면, HTTP 상태 코드를 캡처하는 고급 해결책은 프록시를 사용하여 Selenium RC의 행동을 복제하는 것이다. WebDriver API는 브라우저의 프록시를 설정할 수 있는 기능을 제공하며, 웹 서버로부터 송수신되는 요청의 내용을 프로그램적으로 조작할 수 있는 다수의 프록시가 있다. 프록시를 사용하면 리디렉션 응답 코드에 응답할 방법을 결정할 수 있다. 또한, 모든 브라우저가 WebDriver에서 응답 코드를 사용할 수 있게 하는 것은 아니므로, 프록시를 사용하기로 선택하면 모든 브라우저에 적합한 솔루션을 가질 수 있다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 설치 Selenium 설치는 다른 프로젝트들과는 다를 수 있습니다. Selenium을 자동화 프로젝트에 사용하기 위해서는 당신이 선택한 언어로 바인딩된 라이브러리 설치가 필요합니다. 자동화와 테스트를 실행하기 위한 브라우저와 웹드라이버 바이너리가 추가적으로 필요합니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"구성 요소 구성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"독립형 서버 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid를 사용하려면 selenium-server-standalone JAR 파일을 다운로드하십시오. 모든 구성요소는 selenium-server를 통해 다운로드 할 수 있습니다. 독립형 JAR에는 원격 Selenium 서버와 클라이언트측 바인딩을 포함한 모든 것이 들어 있습니다. 즉, 프로젝트에서 selenium 서버 독립형 jar을 사용할 경우 selenium-java 또는 브라우저별 jar을 추가하지 않아도 됩니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"테스트의 종류","tags":[],"description":"","content":"적합 테스트 이러한 유형의 테스트는 기능이나 시스템이\n고객의 기대와 요구사항을 충족하는지 판단하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n이러한 유형의 테스트는 일반적으로 고객의 협조나 피드백을 포함하며,\n이는 다음 질문에 대한 답을 제공하는 검증활동입니다.\n 우리가 올바른 제품을 만들고 있나요?.\n 웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 이 테스트의 자동화는 사용자의 예상 행동을\n시뮬레이션하여 Selenium과 간접적으로 연계할 수 있습니다.\n이 시뮬레이션은 기록/재생 또는 이 문서에 설명된 지원하는 다른 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 수행될 수 있습니다.\n참고: 적합 테스트는 **기능 테스트**의 하위 유형이며, 일부 사람들이 이를 언급하기도 합니다.\n기능 테스트 이러한 유형의 테스트는 기능이나 시스템이\n문제 없이 제기능을 하는지 판단하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n모든 시나리오가 적용되고 시스템이 해야 할 일을 하는지를\n확인하기 위해 다른 레벨에서 시스템을 점검합니다. 이는 다음과 같은 질문에 대한 답을 제공하는 검증 활동입니다.\n 우리가 제품을 올바르게 만들고 있나요?.\n 여기에는 일반적으로 오류(404, exceptions 등\u0026hellip;) 없이, 사용하능한 방법으로,\n접근 가능하고 규격에 부합하는 테스트(위의 적합 테스트 참고)가 포함됩니다.\n웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 이 테스트의 자동하는 예상 리턴값을\n시뮬레이션 하여 Selenium과 직접 수행될 수 있습니다.\n이 시뮬레이션은 기록/재생 또는 이 문서에 설명된 지원하는 다른 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 수행될 수 있습니다.\n성능 테스트 이름에서 알 수 있듯이, 성능 테스트가 수행됩니다. 응용 프로그램이 얼마나 제기능을 잘 수행하는지 측정합니다.\n성능 테스트를 위한 두 가지 주요 하위 유형이 있습니다:\n로드 테스트 로드 테스트는 애플리케이션이 서로 다르게 정의된 부하(보통 한 번에 연결된 특정 사용자 수) 에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 검증하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n스트레스 테스트 스트레스 테스트는 애플리케이션이 스트레스(또는 최대 부하 이상)\n에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 확인하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n이 작업은 일반적으로 메트릭스를 검색하는 다른 도구에 의해 수행됩니다.\n예를들어, JMeter 가 그러한 도구 중 하나가 될 수 있습니다..\n웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 측정해야 할 세부 정보에는 처리량, 지연 시간, 데이터 손설, 개별 구성 요소 로딩 시간 등이 있습니다.\n참고 1: 모든 브라우저의 개발자 도구 섹션에 성능 탭이 있습니다. (F12를 눌러 접근합니다.)\n참고 2: 기능/비기능 시스템별로 일반적으로 측정되므로, 이는 비기능성 시험의 하위 유형입니다.\n회귀 테스트 이 테스트는 일반적으로 변경, 수정 또는 기능 추가 후에 수행됩니다.\n변경으로 인해 기존 기능이 손상되지 않았는지 확인하기 위해 이미 실행된 일부 테스트를 다시 실행합니다.\n재실행 테스트 집합은 전체 또는 부분적일 수 있으며,\n애플리케이션 및 개발 팀에 따라 몇 가지 다른 유형을 포함할 수 있습니다.\n테스트 주도 개발 (TDD;Test-driven Development) TDD는 테스트 유형 자체가 아니라, 테스트가 기능의 디자인을 주도하는 반복적인 개발 방법론입니다.\n각 사이클은 기능이 최종적으로 통과해야 하는 장치 테스트 집합을 생성하는 것으로 시작합니다.\n(첫 번째 실행 시 실패해야 합니다.)\n그 후, 테스트를 통과하기 위한 개발이 이루어집니다.\n테스트는 다시 실행되어 다른 사이클을 시작하고, 이 프로세스는 모든 테스트가 통과될 때까지 계속됩니다.\n이는 결함이 조기에 발견될수록 비용이 덜 든다는 사실에 근거하여 애플리케이션의 개발을 가속화하기 위한 것입니다.\n행위 주도 개발 (BDD;Behavior-driven development) BDD는 위의 TDD에 기초한 반복적인 개발 방법론으로서,\n애플리케이션 개발에 모든 당사자를 참여시키는 것을 목표로 합니다.\n각 사이클은 실패해야 하는 몇 가지 사양을 작성하여 시작합니다.\n그런 다음 실패한 단위 테스트(이 또한 실패해야 합니다.)를 작성하고 개발을 수행하십시오.\n이 사이클은 모든 유형의 시험이 통과할 때까지 반복됩니다.\n이를 위해 명세언어(Specification language)가 사용됩니다.\n모든 당사자가 이해할 수 있어야하며 단순하고 표준이며 명시적이어야 합니다.\n대부분의 도구는 명세언어로 Gherkin 을 사용합니다.\n사양을 작성하고 코드 기능을 일치시키기 위해 Cucumber 나 SpecFlow 와 같은 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다.\nBDD 사양을 실행 가능한 코드로 직접 변환하여 이 프로세스를 더욱 빠르게 수행할 수 있도록 Selenium에 JBehave, Capybara 나 Robot Framework 와 같은 도구 세트가 구축되어 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"여러 가지 이유로, WebDriver를 사용하여 Gmail이나 Facebook과 같은 사이트에 로그인하는 것은 권장되지 않는다. 이러한 사이트의 사용 조건에 반대하는 것 외에도(계정 종료의 위험이 있는 경우) 느리고 신뢰할 수 없다.\n이상적인 방법은 이메일 제공자들이 제공하는 API를 사용하는 것이다. 또는 Facebook의 경우 시험 계정, 친구 등을 만들기 위한 API를 공개하는 개발자 도구 서비스를 이용하는 것이다. 비록 API를 사용하는 것이 조금 더 힘든 일처럼 보일지 모르지만, 당신은 속도, 신뢰성, 그리고 안정성에 대한 보상을 받을 것이다. 반면에 웹 페이지 및 HTMLlocators가 자주 당신의 시험 프레임워크 업데이트하는 것을 요구하기를 변화시키고 있는 API도 변경될 것 같지는 않다.\n테스트의 어느 지점에서 WebDriver를 사용하여 제3자 사이트에 로그인하면 테스트가 더 길어지기 때문에 테스트 실패의 위험이 증가한다. 일반적인 경험의 법칙은 긴 테스트가 더 취약하고 신뢰할 수 없다는 것이다.\nWebDriver 구현[W3C conformant]//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html) 또한 서비스 거부 공격이 완화될 수 있도록 WebDriver 속성으로 navigator 물체에 주석을 달아야 한다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse the sections below.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver 시작하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver 시작하기 Selenium은 WebDriver 의 사용을 통해 대부분의 모든 브라우저의 자동화를 지원합니다.\nWebDriver 는 웹 브라우저의 동작을 제어하기 위한 언어 중립 인터페이스를 정의하는 API와 프로토콜 입니다.\n각 브라우저는 드라이버 라고 불리는 특정한 웹 드라이버 구현에 의해 작동됩니다. 드라이버는 브라우저로의 위임을 담당하는 구성 요소이며, Selenium과 브라우저와의 통신을 처리합니다.\n이러한 분리는 브라우저 공급 업체가 브라우저 구현을 책임지게하려는 의식적인 노력의 일부입니다.\nSelenium은 가능한 한 이러한 타사의 드라이버를 사용하지만, 현실적으로 불가능할 경우 프로젝트에서 유지\u0026amp;관리하는 자체 드라이버도 제공합니다.\nSelenium 프레임워크는 이 모든 부분을 하나로 묶습니다. 서로 다른 브라우저 백엔드를 투명하게 사용할 수 있는\n사용자 대면 인터페이스를 통해 브라우저 간 및 플랫폼 간의 자동화가 가능합니다.\n드라이버에 대한 자세한 내용은 Driver Idiosyncrasies 를 참조하십시오.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"고급 기능","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"마우스 동작 세부 사항","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"이 문서에 대하여","tags":[],"description":"","content":"이 문서들은 Selenium의 코드와 마찬가지로 자원 봉사자들에 의해 100% 유지됩니다.\n많은 사람들이 이 문서가 만들어진 후 사용해오고 있지만, 더 많은 사람들은 찰나의 시간만 사용하고,\n신규 유저의 경험을 개전하기 위해 각자의 시간을 할애해 왔습니다.\n문서에 문제가 있는 경우, 우리에게 알려주세요!\n문제를 전달하는 가장 좋은 방법은 Github 저장소에 방문하는 것입니다. https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues\n이미 동일한 문제가 접수되었는지 여부를 검색해보세요. 그렇지 않다면, 자유롭게 문제를 제기하면 됩니다.\n많은 커뮤니티 구성원들이 셀레니움 Libera 채널 Libera.chat 을 방문합니다.\n언제든지 방문하여 질문해 주세요.\n만약 당신이 이 문서들 중에서 유용한 도음을 받는다면, 이 문서에 기여해주세요!\n일반적인 커밋보다는 문서를 업데이트하는 것이 훨씬 쉽습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it is also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty, configured entirely in code.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, we are using Jetty, so you will need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"웹 드라이버(Web Driver) 최근 셀레니움의 가장 큰 변화는 WebDriver API가 내장된 점입니다. 사용자가 로컬 또는 Selenium 서버를 사용하여 원격 컴퓨터에서 브라우저를 기본적으로 구동하는 것으로 브라우저 자동화에 큰 발전을 가져왔습니다.\nSelenium WebDriver는 RC(Selenium Remote Control)와 같은 역할에 적합하며, 원래의 1.x 바인딩을 통합하였다. 언어 바인딩과 개별 브라우저 제어 코드의 구현을 모두 말한다. 이것은 일반적으로 단지 WebDriver 라고 부르거나 때로는 Selenium 2 라고 부른다.\nSelenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0\n  WebDriver는 Selenium-RC API의 일부 제한사항과 함께 보다 단순하고 간결한 프로그래밍 인터페이스로 설계되었다.\n  WebDriver는 Selenium 1.0과 비교하면 간결한 객체 지향형 API입니다.\n  브라우저를 훨씬 효과적으로 구동하고 파일 업로드 또는 다운로드, 팝업, 대화 상자 도착자 등 기능 테스트 범위에 영향을 준 Selenium 1의 단점을 해결하였습니다.\n  WebDriver는 Selenium RC의 Single-host 오리진 policy.의 단점을 해결하였습니다.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"그리드 끝점","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"실험 의존성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"자동화된 실험에 대한 일반적인 생각이나 오해는 \u0026ldquo;특정한 순서\u0026quot;로 판단된다. 당신의 실험들은 어떠한 형태 로든 정해진 순서 에 따라 실행되어질 수 있고, 단순히 성공하기 위해 다른 테스트에 의존하지 않는다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver에는 JavaScript의 세 가지 대화 상자를 제어하는 API가 있습니다. 이들 대화 상자의 스타일은 브라우저에 의해 결정되며 제한된 영역만 변경할 수 있습니다.\nAlert 경고를 위해 사용되는 가장 단순한 형태의 대화 상자입니다. 대화 상자에는 사용자에게 보여줄 메시지와 버튼 한 개가 있으며, 버튼을 누르면 대화 상자가 닫힙니다. 이 버튼에는 대개 ‘확인’이라는 텍스트가 적혀 있습니다. 다수 브라우저에서는 대화 상자의 닫기 버튼을 눌러 대화 상자를 닫을 수도 있습니다. 이는 확인 버튼을 누르는 것과 같은 동작을 수행합니다. alert의 예시 보기.\nWebDriver는 대화 상자에 표시된 텍스트를 가져오거나 대화 상자를 닫을 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 String text = alert.getText(); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 text = alert.text # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 string text = alert.Text; //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.Accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 alert_text = alert.text # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 let alertText = await alert.getText(); //확인 버튼 클릭 await alert.accept(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 val text = alert.getText() //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()     Confirm confirm 대화 상자는 alert와 비슷합니다. 그러나 confirm 대화 상자에는 취소 버튼이 있어서 사용자는 대화 상자에 나타난 메시지를 보고 취소를 선택할 수 있습니다. confirm의 예시 보기.\n다음의 confirm 대화 상자 예시에서는 alert를 저장하는 다른 방식도 함께 확인할 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 String text = alert.getText(); //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 text = alert.text # 취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 string text = alert.Text; //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.Dismiss();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 alert_text = alert.text # 취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 let alertText = await alert.getText(); //취소 버튼 클릭 await alert.dismiss(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 val text = alert.text //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss()     Prompt prompt 대화 상자는 confirm과 비슷하지만, 추가로 텍스트 입력 필드를 가지고 있습니다. prompt는 폼 요소(form element)를 다루듯, WebDriver로 대화 상자에 키보드 입력 키(key)를 보낼 수 있습니다. 이 동작은 prompt 대화 상자의 텍스트 입력 필드 내용을 변경합니다. 대화 상자의 취소 버튼을 누르면 입력 필드의 텍스트가 전송되지 않습니다. prompt의 예시 보기.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //메시지 입력 alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = Alert(driver) # 메시지 입력 alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //메시지 입력 alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.Accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 메시지 입력 alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //메시지 입력 await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 await alert.accept(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //메시지 입력 alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver 로컬 환경에서와 같은 방법으로 WebDriver를 원격으로 사용할 수도 있습니다. 중요한 차이점은 다른 장치에서 작업을 수행하기 위해 원격 WebDriver가 구성되어있어야 한다는 점입니다.\n원격 WebDrive는 두 가지 요소로 이루어져 있습니다: 클라이언트 그리고 서버. 클라이언트는 당신의 WebDriver teset이며 서버는 간단한 Java servlet의 일종이고 JEE app 서버에 호스팅될 수 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions. Note: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"성능 테스트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium과 WebDriver를 사용한 성능 테스트는 일반적으로 권장되지 않는다. 불가능해서가 아니라, 그것들이 성능을 테스트하는데 최적화되어 있지 않기 때문에 좋은 결과를 얻지 못 할 것이다.\n사용자의 입장에서는, 성능 테스트에 이상적으로 보일 수 있지만 WebDriver 테스트들은 내'외부의 수많은 취약점이 존재하고, 이는 사용자 본인이 직접 통제할 수 없다.\n예를 들어 브라우저 시작 속도, HTTP 서버의 속도, JavaScript 또는 CSS를 호스팅하는 타사 서버의 응답, WebDriver 구현 자체의 계측 페널티 등 이 지점들에서의 변동은 결과에 변화를 일으킬 것이다.\n웹사이트의 성능 차이를 구분하는 것은 어렵다. 외부 리소스의 성능, 특히 스크립트를 넣을 경우 브라우저에서 WebDriver를 사용할 때 성능 저하가 무엇인지 파악하기 어렵다.\n또 다른 잠재적인 매력은 \u0026ldquo;시간 절약\u0026quot;으로 — 기능 및 성능 테스트를 동시에 수행한다. 그러나 기능 테스트와 성능 테스트는 상반된 목표를 가지고 있다. 기능을 시험하기 위해 시험자는 인내심을 갖고 로드를 기다려야 할 수 있지만, 이것은 성능 시험 결과를 흐리게 할 것이고 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지일 것이다.\n웹 사이트의 성능을 향상시키려면 환경 차이와 무관하게 전체 성능을 분석하고, 잘못된 코드 관행을 식별하고, 개별 리소스(예: CSS 또는 JavaScript)의 성능을 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 이 작업을 이미 수행할 수 있고, 보고 및 분석을 제공할 수 있으며, 개선 제안도 할 수 있는 성능 테스트 도구가 있다.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http 프록시","tags":[],"description":"","content":"프록시 서버는 클라이언트와 서버 간 요청(request)을 중개하는 역할을 합니다. 즉, 트래픽이 대상 주소를 오갈 때 프록시 서버를 거쳐서 이동한다는 것입니다.\nSelenium 자동화 스크립트를 위해 프록시 서버를 구성하면 다음과 같은 이점이 있습니다.\n 네트워크 트래픽을 들여다보고 확인할 수 있습니다. 웹 사이트의 서버 호출을 모사(mock)할 수 있습니다. 복잡하게 구성된 네트워크 환경에서나 엄격한 규칙과 정책이 있는 회사에서 대상 웹 사이트에 접근할 수 있습니다.  회사 내에서 어떤 URL에 접근하는 데 실패했다면, 그 이유는 대개 프록시가 필요한 환경이기 때문일 겁니다.\nSelenium WebDriver로 다음과 같이 프록시를 설정할 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # URL 열기 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # 이 코드는 Selenium 4를 사용하여 작성되었습니다. proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"링크 이동","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver를 링크를 통해 이동하는 것은 권장되는 연습이 아니다. 할 수 없어서가 아니라, WebDriver가 확실히 이것에 가장 이상적인 도구가 아니기 때문이다. WebDriver를 시작하는 데 시간이 필요하며 최대 1분까지 몇 초 정도 걸릴 수 있음 시험이 어떻게 작성되느냐에 따라, 그냥 페이지로 가서 DOM을 통과한다.\ncurl명령어를 실행하거나, BeautifulSoup과 같은 라이브러리를 사용함으로써, browser를 만들고 페이지로 이동하는데 의존하지 않는 방법이기에 WebDriver를 사용하는 것보다 더 많은 시간을 절약할 수 있다. 당신은 이 작업에 WebDriver를 사용하지 않음으로써 많은 시간을 절약하고 있다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/","title":"좋지 않은 관행","tags":[],"description":"","content":"좋지 않은 관행 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/","title":"조합 격자(Grid)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver idiosyncrasies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Driver idiosyncrasies "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/","title":"레거시","tags":[],"description":"","content":"레거시 이 섹션에는 Selenium의 레거시 항목에 관한 문서들이 있습니다. 이 문서들은 순전히 기록을 남기기 위한 용도로 작성된 것이며, 더 이상 사용되지 않는(deprecated) 컴포넌트들의 사용을 독려하기 위한 것이 아닙니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/","title":"Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트 Selenium은 웹 브라우저의 자동화를 가능하게 하고 지원하는 다양한 도구와 라이브러리를 포함한 프로젝트입니다.\n브라우저와의 사용자 간의 상호 작용을 테스트하는 확장 기능, 브라우저 할당 확장을 위한 배포 서버, 모든 주요 웹 브라우저에 적용 가능한 코드를 작성할 수 있는 W3C WebDriver 사양 구현을 위한 인프라를 제공합니다.\n이 프로젝트는 스스로 수천 시간을 기여해준 기여자들이, 누구나 자유롭게 사용하고, 즐기고, 개선할 수 있도록 소스 코드를 제공해주었기에 가능했습니다.\nSelenium은 브라우저 공급 업체, 엔지니어, 매니아를 모아 웹 플랫폼 자동화에 대한 공개 토론을 진행합니다. 이 프로젝트 매년 컨퍼런스를 개최하여 커뮤니티를 육성하고 가르침을 전합니다.\nSelenium의 핵심은 WebDriver 입니다. 이는 다양한 브라우저에서 호환 가능한 지시사항을 작성할 수 있는 인터페이스라 할 수 있습니다. 다음은 가장 간단한 지시사항 예시입니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     이 코드를 실행할 때의 동작 원리에 대한 전체적인 설명은 퀵 투어 를 참고하십시오. Selenium 설치 방법과 자동화 툴로써 활용하는 방안에 대해 더 알아보고 싶다면 narrative documentation 를 참고하십시오. 이를 통해 Selenium을 테스트 자동화 툴로써 성공적으로 활용하여, 간단한 테스트를 제작하고 다양한 브라우저와 운영체제 환경에서 실행할 수 있습니다.\n시작하기 Selenium을 처음 사용해보신다면, 빠른 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있는 몇 가지 문서를 참조하세요.\n 퀵 투어  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/contributing/","title":"Selenium 사이트와 문서에 기여하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 거대한 소프트웨어 프로젝트로, 사이트와 문서는 작동 원리를 이해하고 잠재력을 효과적으로 활용하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.\n이 프로젝트는 Selenium 사이트와 문서를 담고 있습니다. 여기엔 Selenium을 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 업데이트 정보를 제공하고, 어떻게 참여하고 기여할 수 있는지에 대한 지속적인 노력이 모여 있습니다.\n사이트와 문서에 기여하기 위한 방법은 아래 기술된 과정을 따릅니다. 여러분은 익숙해질 때 까지 더 보기를 충분한 시간을 들여 읽어보시고 바랍니다.\n Selenium은 여러분의 기여를 환영합니다. 기여하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있습니다:\n이슈 제기하기 새로운 이슈를 제기하거나 기존 이슈에 코멘트를 남길 때, 논의 내용이 Selenium 소프트웨어, 사이트 또는 문서의 구체적인 기술적인 문제와 관련이 있는지 확인해주시기 바랍니다.\nSelenium의 모든 구성요소는 빠르게 변하기 때문에, 문서 내용이 업데이트 이전의 내용일 수도 있습니다. 이런 경우를 발견하신다면, 주저하지 마시고 이슈를 제기해주시기 바랍니다. 문서 내용을 직접 최신화하실 수 있다면, 변경 내용에 대한 pull request를 해주시기 바랍니다.\n만약 여러분이 발견한 것이 이슈인지 아닌지 헷갈리신다면, 다음의 커뮤니케이션 채널을 통해 질문해주시기 바랍니다. https://selenium.dev/support.\n기여하기 Selenium 프로젝트는 새로운 기여자를 환영합니다. 꾸준히 중요하고 가치가 높은 기여를 해주신 기여자는 Committers 가 되어 프로젝트에 커밋 접근 권한을 갖게 됩니다.\n아래 가이드는 여러분에게 기여하는 과정을 안내합니다.\n1 단계: Fork 프로젝트를 Github 에서 Fork 하시고, 로컬에 복사되었는지 확인하세요.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 의존성: Hugo 우리는 Hugo 를 사용해 사이트와 문서를 빌드하고 렌더링합니다. 바뀐 내용을 커밋하기 전에 로컬에서 확인하기 위해, Hugo 설치 하고, 익숙해지셨다면 로컬 서버 실행 를 통해 사이트를 렌더링해 확인해주시기 바랍니다. 자세한 설명은 다음 단계에서 보실 수 있습니다.\n2 단계: Branch 기능을 추가한 branch를 생성하고 개발을 시작하세요:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 우리는 HEAD-based development 지향하고 있으며, 모든 변경사항은 trunk에 바로 적용됩니다.\n3 단계: Make changes Repository는 사이트와 문서의 서로 다른 2개의 Hugo 프로젝트로 구성되어 있습니다. 사이트를 변경하시려면 site_source_files 디렉토리에서 작업해주시기 바랍니다. 변경된 모습을 미리 보시려면 사이트의 루트 디렉토리에서 hugo server 를 실행하시면 됩니다.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server 문서를 변경하시려면, docs_source_files 디렉토리로 변경하시기 바랍니다.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server 문서는 다양한 언어로 번역되어 있으며, 번역은 영문에 기반을 두고 있습니다. 문서를 변경할 때는, 다른 모든 번역 문서도 변경해야 하는 점을 반드시 유의 해주시기 바랍니다. 이는 어떤 부분을 변경하느냐에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다, 예를 들어:\n 만약 여러분이 browser_manipulation.en.md 파일에 코드 예제를 추가했다면, browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, 그리고 다른 모든 번역 문서에도 추가해주셔야 합니다. 만약 여러분이 번역 문서의 개선사항을 발견했다면, 해당 번역 문서만 변경하시면 됩니다. 만약 여러분이 새로운 언어의 번역을 추가하고자 한다면, 알맞은 접미사 파일명의 문서를 추가해주셔야 합니다. PR을 할 때, 모든 문서가 번역되어있을 필요는 없습니다, 번역은 때마다 반복적으로 하셔도 됩니다. config.toml 파일에 필요한 설정값을 잊지 마시고 확인해주시기 바랍니다. 만약 여러분이 영문 문서에 내용을 바꿨다면, 다른 번역 문서의 같은 부분에 변경된 내용(영어로)을 넣어주시기고, 문서의 최상단부에 아래와 같은 알림을 추가해주시기 바랍니다.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} 4 단계: Commit 먼저 git에 이름과 이메일 주소를 입력하시기 바랍니다:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; 적절한 커밋 메시지를 쓰는 것이 중요합니다. 커밋 메세지는 무엇이, 왜 변경되었는지 설명해야 하며, 수정된 이슈들을 언급해야 합니다(만약에 있다면). 작성할 때 이 가이드라인들을 따르시기 바랍니다.\n 첫 줄은 50자 내외 혹은 그 이하이어야 하며 변경 사항의 짧은 설명을 포함해야 합니다. 두 번째 줄은 공백으로 두시기 바랍니다. 다른 모든 줄은 72자 내로 작성하십시오. N 이 수정사항을 커밋한 이슈 번호인, Fixes #N을 포함하십시오.  좋은 커밋 메세지는 이렇습니다:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 첫 줄은 사람들이 git shortlog 나 git log --oneline 을 실행하면 보는 것이기 때문에 의미있어야합니다.\n5 단계 : Rebase 작업을 동기화하려면 git rebase를 사용하십시오. (git merge가 아니라)\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk 6 단계: 테스트 항상 로컬 서버를 실행하는 것을 기억하십시오. 그러면 당신의 변경 사항들이 아무것도 안 건드리고 안전합니다.\n7 단계 : Push % git push origin my-feature-branch https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git 에서 Pull Request 를 누르고 형식을 채우시기 바랍니다. CLA에 서명했는지 나타내주시길 바랍니다 (7 단계 참고)\nPull request 는 몇 일 내에 확인됩니다. 주소에 코멘트들이 있다면, 새로운 커밋에 변경 사항(가급적 fixups)을 적용하고 같은 branch 에 push 해주시기 바랍니다.\n8 단계 : Integration 코드 확인이 완료되었으면, committer는 당신의 PR을 저장소의 trunk branch에 통합할 것입니다. 왜냐하면 우리는 trunk branch에 순차적인 이력을 유지하고 싶기 때문에, 우리는 당신의 branch 이력은 squash나 rebase 할 것입니다.\n커뮤니케이션 프로젝트 기여자들과 커뮤니티와 어떻게 소통할지에 대한 자세한 사항은 https://selenium.dev/support 에서 찾을 수 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
\ No newline at end of file
+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"2단계 인증","tags":[],"description":"","content":"2FA(Two Factor Authentication)라고 알려진 2단계 인증은 인증을 위해 구글 인증기, 마이크로소프트 인증기와 같은 인증기 모바일 앱, 혹은 SMS, email 등에 의해 생성되는 1회용 비밀번호(OTP)를 사용하는 인증 방식입니다.\nSelenium에서 이 인증 단계를 끊김없이, 연속적으로 자동화는 것은 큰 도전입니다. 이 과정을 자동화하는 몇가지 방법이 있습니다. 하지만 Selenium 테스트 단계 위의 또 다른 계층이 될 것이며, Selenium 테스트는 안전하지도 않을 것입니다. 그러니 2단계 인증 자동화는 피하십시오.\n2단계 인증을 해결하기 위한 몇가지 옵션이 있습니다:\n 테스트 환경의 특정 사용자를 대상으로 2단계 인증을 비활성화하여, 해당 사용자 인증 정보를 자동화에 사용합니다. 테스트 환경에서 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 특정 IP에서 로그인할 때 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 2단계 인증을 피하기 위해 이 방법으로 테스트 머신의 IP를 구성할 수 있습니다.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Documentation of Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein.\nAttributions Thanks to: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @corevo2445 commits  @tourdedave610 commits  @baimao843788 commits  @Jongkeun51 commits  @petermouse36 commits  @LinYunWen36 commits  @zavelevsky34 commits  @xdennisx15 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @raju24912 commits  @dependabot[bot]11 commits  @dvd9006 commits  @manoj97883 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @zewa6663 commits  @diemol2 commits  @lukeis2 commits  @Meir0172 commits  @toshiya2 commits  @marknoble2 commits  @amitzur1 commits  @aplorenzen1 commits  @p26351 commits  @avoid3d1 commits  @sotayamashita1 commits  @samitbadle1 commits  @swes11171 commits  @vivrichards6001 commits  @bolasblack1 commits  @peter-kehl1 commits   Docker Selenium .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Selenium 라이브러리 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"당신의 자동화 프로젝트를 위해서 첫 번째로 Selenium 바인딩을 설치해야 합니다. 당신이 사용할 언어에 따른 라이브러리 설치 절차입니다.\nJava Maven을 사용한 Java용 Selenium 라이브러리 설치입니다. 프로젝트안에 있는 pom.xml에 selenium-java 의존 라이브러리를 추가하세요.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 의존성 라이브러리는 Selenium이 자동화할 수 있는 모든 브라우저의 자동화를 지원합니다. 만약 당신이 특정 브라우저에서만 테스트를 실행하기 원한다면, 원하는 브라우저를 pom.xml 파일에 의존성을 추가합니다. 예를 들어, Firefox에서 테스트를 실행하고 싶다면 다음과 같은 의존성을 pom.xml 파일에 추가해야 합니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 이와 비슷하게, 만약 크롬에서만 테스트하길 원한다면, 다음과 같은 의존성을 추가해야 합니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python 파이썬을 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 pip로 설치할 수 있습니다.\npip install selenium 또는, PyPI source archive를 다운로드해서 setup.py 를 통해 설치할 수 있습니다.\npython setup.py install C# C#을 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 NuGet으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Ruby를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 gem으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript 자바스크립트를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 npm으로 설치할 수 있습니다.\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Kotlin을 위한 네이티브 언어 바인딩이 없기 때문에, 자바 바인딩을 사용해야 합니다. e.g. 메이븐 Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 은 웹브라우저를 제어합니다. Selenium 은 여러 프로젝트를 포함하지만, 웹 브라우저 자동화를 위한 도구가 핵심입니다.\n브라우저 인스턴스를 원격으로 제어하고, 사용자와 브라우저와의 상호작용을 에뮬레이트 하기 위한 최고의 기술들이 적용되어 있습니다.\n최종 사용자가 수행하는 일반적인 활동들을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있습니다.\n필드에 텍스트 입력, 드롭 다운 및 체크 박스 선택, 링크 클릭, 마우스 이동, 임의의 JavaScript 실행 등의 기능이 제공됩니다.\n웹 사이트의 프론트-엔드 테스트에 주로 사용되지만, Selenium은 브라우저 사용자 에이전트 라이브러리 의 핵심입니다. 인터페이스는 응용 프로그램에 맞게 어디서나 사용될 수 있도록 최적화 되어있고, 당신의 목적에 맞게 다른 라이브러리와의 구성을 장려합니다.\n모든것을 지배하는 하나의 인터페이스 프로젝트의 대원칙 중 하나는 모든 (주요) 브라우저 기술에 대한 공통 인터페이스를 지원하는 것입니다. 웹 브라우저는 매우 복잡하고 고도의 공학이 적용된 응용 프로그램으로, 완전히 다른 방식으로 작업을 수행하지만, 종종 실행 결과는 똑같이 보입니다.\n텍스트가 동일한 글꼴로 렌더링 되더라도 이미지는 같은 곳에 표시되고, 링크는 같은 목적지로 이동합니다. 보이지 않는 내부에서 일어나는 일은 낮과 밤처럼 아예 다릅니다.\nSelenium은 이러한 차이점들을 \u0026ldquo;추상화\u0026quot;하여, 코드를 작성하는 사람으로부터 웹 브라우저의 세부 사항과 복잡성을 숨깁니다. 이를 통해 몇 줄의 코드만으로 복잡한 워크플로를 수행할 수 있으며, 이 코드는 Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome 및 기타 지원하는 모든 브라우저에서 작동합니다.\n도구 및 지원 Selenium의 미니멀리스트 디자인 접근방식은 대규모 어플리케이션의 구성요소로 포함되는 다용도성을 제공합니다. Selenium umbrella 프로젝트의 이름 하에 제공되는 인프라는 당신의 웹 브라우저의 그리드를 결합할 수 있는 도구들을 제공합니다. 여러 장치에 걸친 색다른 브라우저들과 여러 운영 체제에서 테스트를 할 수 있도록 돕습니다.\n서버실이나 데이터 센터에 있는 컴퓨터 뱅크가 하루종일 응용프로그램을 테스트하는 환경에서 사이트의 링크, 양식 및 테이블을 동시에 작동한다고 상상해 보십시오. 간단한 프로그래밍 인터페이스가 가장 대중적인 언어로 제공되므로, 이 테스트는 지칠 줄 모르게 병렬로 실행되고, 오류가 발생하면 다시 보고합니다.\n브라우저를 제어할 뿐만 아니라, 도구와 문서를 사용자에게 제공하여, 이러한 그리드를 쉽게 확장하고 배포 할 수 있도록 하는것이 목표입니다.\nSelenium을 사용하는 사람들에게 세계에서 가장 중요한 회사들이 브라우저 기반 테스트를 위해 Selenium을 채택했고, 종종 다른 독점 도구와 관련된 수년간의 노력을 대체했습니다. Selenium이 인기를 얻으며, 요구 사항과 해결할 과제도 배가 되었습니다.\n웹이 더욱 복잡해지고 새로운 기술이 웹사이트에 추가됨에 따라, 이 프로젝트의 사명은 가능한 한 최신 기술을 따라잡는 것입니다. 오픈소스 프로젝트인 만큼, 이 지원은 각자의 일이 있는 수많은 기여자들의 아낌없는 시간 기부를 통해 제공됩니다.\n이 프로젝트의 또 다른 임무는 더 많은 기여자들이 이 노력에 합세하여 더 강력한 커뮤니티를 구축하고, 프로젝트가 새로운 기술을 계속 유지하여 기능 테스트 자동화를 위한 주요 플랫폼으로 남아 있는 것입니다.\n역사 Selenium 1이 출시 되었던 2004년에는, 웹 응용프로그램의 프론트-엔드에서 일관된 동작을 수동으로 확인하는 데 소요되는 시간을 줄일 필요가 없었습니다. 버전 1은 그 당시 사용가능한 도구를 이용하여 사용자의 상호작용을 모방하기 위해 시험 중인 웹 페이지에 JavaScript를 주입하는 것에 크게 의존했습니다.\nJavaScript는 DOM의 속성을 조사하고, 특정 클라이언트측을 관찰할 수 있는 좋은 도구이지만, 마우스와 키보드를 사용하는 것처럼 사용자의 상호작용을 자연스럽게 복제할 수 있는 능력은 부족합니다.\n그 이후로, Selenium은 많이 발전하고 성숙해졌습니다. —전 세계 대부분의 거대 조직은 아니지만— 많은 사람들이 널리 사용하는 도구로 성장했습니다. Selenium 은 틈새시장의 잠재 고객들과 특정한 사용 사례를 위해 Thinkworks에서 개발한 가정용 테스트 자동화 툴킷에서, 사실상 세계 최고의 브라우저 자동화 라이브러리로 발전했습니다..\nSelenium RC 당시 이용가능한 거래 도구를 활용한 것처럼, Selenium WebDriver는 브라우저 공급 업체의 앞마당을 사용하듯 브라우저 상호 작용 부분이 백-엔드 브라우저를 향한 구현을 책임지도록 요구함으로써 전통을 이어갑니다. 최근 이 작업은 W3C 표준화 프로세스로 발전하여, Selenium의 WebDriver 구성 요소를 사용자 에이전트를 위한 오늘날의 원격 제어 라이브러리로 전환하는 것이 목표입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Shared capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end.\nThe remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: When navigating to a new page via URL, by default Selenium will wait until the page has fully loaded before responding. This works well for beginners, but can cause long wait times on pages that load a large number of third party resources. Using a non default strategy can make test execution faster in cases like this, but can also introduce flakiness where elements on the page change position as elements load in and change size.\nThe page load strategy queries the document.readyState as described in the table below:\n   Strategy Ready State Notes     normal complete Used by default, waits for all resources to download   eager interactive DOM access is ready, but other resources like images may still be loading   none Any Does not block WebDriver at all    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"구성 도움말","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"구성 요소 이해","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver를 사용하여 테스트 스위트를 빌드하려면 이해하고 이해해야합니다. 다양한 구성 요소를 효과적으로 사용합니다. 모든 것과 마찬가지로 소프트웨어, 다른 사람들은 동일한 아이디어에 대해 다른 용어를 사용합니다. 아래는 이 설명에서 용어가 사용되는 방식에 대한 분석.\n술어  API: Application Programming Interface. 이것은 \u0026ldquo;명령\u0026quot;세트입니다 WebDriver를 조작하는 데 사용합니다. Library: API와 필요한 코드를 포함하는 코드 모듈 그것들을 구현하기 위해. 라이브러리는 각 언어 바인딩에 따라 다릅니다 (예 : .jar). Java 용 파일, .NET 용 .dll 파일 등 Driver: 실제 브라우저를 제어합니다. 대부분의 운전자 브라우저 공급 업체 자체에 의해 생성됩니다. 드라이버는 일반적으로 브라우저 자체를 사용하여 시스템에서 실행되는 실행 가능 모듈 테스트 스위트를 실행하는 시스템에는 없습니다. (그것들이 참고 : 일부 사람들은 드라이버를 프록시라고합니다. Framework: WebDriver 지원으로 사용되는 추가 라이브러리 스위트. 이러한 프레임 워크는 JUnit 또는 NUnit과 같은 테스트 프레임 워크 일 수 있습니다. 또한 자연 언어 기능을 지원하는 프레임 워크 일 수도 있습니다. 오이 또는 로보 티움으로. 프레임 워크는 다음을 위해 작성되고 사용될 수도 있습니다. 테스트중인 시스템 조작 또는 구성, 데이터 제작, 테스트 오라클 등  부품과 조각 최소한 WebDriver는 드라이버를 통해 브라우저와 통신합니다. 통신 WebDriver는 드라이버를 통해 브라우저에 명령을 전달합니다. 동일한 경로를 통해 정보를 다시받습니다.\n드라이버는 Google의 ChromeDriver와 같은 브라우저에 따라 다릅니다. Chrome/Chromium, Mozilla Firefox 용 GeckoDriver 등 드라이버는 다음에서 실행됩니다. 브라우저와 동일한 시스템. 이것은 동일한 시스템 일 수도 있고 아닐 수도 있습니다. 테스트 자체가 실행 중입니다.\n위의 간단한 예는 direct 통신 입니다. 통신 브라우저는 Selenium 서버를 통한 remote 통신 일 수도 있고 RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver는 드라이버와 동일한 시스템에서 실행됩니다. 그리고 브라우저.\nSelenium Server 또는 Selenium을 사용하여 원격 통신을 수행 할 수도 있습니다. 그리드, 둘 다 호스트 시스템의 드라이버와 통신\n프레임 워크가 적합한 곳 WebDriver에는 하나의 작업과 하나의 작업 만 있습니다. 위의 방법 중 하나입니다. WebDriver는 테스트에 대해 알지 못합니다. 사물을 비교하는 방법을 알고, 통과 또는 실패를 주장하며, 확실하지 않습니다 보고 또는 주어진 / 언제 / 그럼 문법에 관한 것.\n다양한 프레임 워크가 등장합니다. 최소한 당신은 필요합니다 언어 바인딩과 일치하는 테스트 프레임 워크 (예 : .NET, JUnit 용 NUnit Java, Ruby 용 RSpec 등\n테스트 프레임 워크는 WebDriver 실행 및 실행을 담당합니다. 그리고 테스트의 관련 단계. 따라서, 당신은 비슷한 것으로 생각할 수 있습니다 다음 이미지에.\nCucumber와 같은 자연 언어 프레임 워크 / 도구는 그 일부로 존재할 수 있습니다. 위 그림의 테스트 프레임 워크 상자 또는 테스트 프레임 워크를 래핑 할 수 있습니다. 전적으로 자신의 구현에.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"목적 및 주요 기능","tags":[],"description":"","content":" 모든 테스트의 중앙 진입 지점 브라우저가 실행되는 환경과 노드의 관리 및 제어 스케일링 병렬로 테스트 실행 교차 플랫폼 테스트 부하분산  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"브라우저","tags":[],"description":"","content":"일반적인 브라우저 Selenium 프레임워크는 공식적으로 다음과 같은 브라우저를 지원합니다.\n   브라우저 관리자 지원 버전     Chrome Chromium 모든 버전   Firefox Mozilla 54 이상   Edge Microsoft 84 이상   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 이상   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 이상   Safari Apple 10 이상    전문화된 브라우저 개발 환경에서 전형적으로 사용되는 특수 브라우저 세트도 있습니다.\n우리는 자동화 목적으로 이러한 브라우저를 사용할 수 있으며, Selenium은 다음과 같은 전문화된 드라이버를 지원합니다.\n   드라이버명 목적 관리자     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator backed by Rhino Selenium 프로젝트    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/","title":"빠르게 살펴보기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"셀레니움은 하나의 도구(tool)나 API가 아닌, 여러 도구들로 구성되어 있습니다.\n웹 드라이버(WebDriver) 컴퓨터나 모바일 웹사이트 테스트를 자동화하는 것부터 시작하신다면, 아마 웹 드라이버 APIs부터 쓰게 될 겁니다. 웹 드라이버WebDriver 는 브라우저를 조종하고 테스트를 진행할 수 있도록 제작사에서 제공하는 브라우저 자동화 API를 사용합니다. 이는 진짜 사용자가 브라우저를 이용하는 것과 유사합니다. 웹 드라이버 API를 애플리케이션의 코드로 컴파일할 필요가 없기 때문에, 독립적으로 작동합니다.\n더 나아가, 실시간으로 사용하는 것처럼 애플리케이션을 테스트합니다.\n통합개발환경 (IDE) IDE (통합개발환경 Integrated Development Environment) 은 자신만의 셀레니움 테스트 케이스를 개발하기 위해 사용할 도구입니다. 크롬이나 파이어폭스 확장으로 사용하기 쉽고, 이는 보통 테스트 케이스를 개발하는데 가장 효율적인 방법이기도 합니다. 이 도구는 여러분을 위해 브라우저 상에서 사용자의 행동을 수집합니다. 기존의 셀레니움 커맨드를 이용해서, 각 요소의 문맥에 따라 정의된 매개변수로 말이죠. 이는 시간을 절약해줄 뿐만 아니라 셀레니움 스크립트 문법을 배우는데 최고의 방법입니다.\n조합 격자 (Grid) Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/","title":"시작하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"시작하기 Selenium이 처음이신가요? 빠르게 시작할 수 있도록 돕기 위해서 몇 가지 자료를 준비했습니다.\n 빠르게 살펴보기  웹 드라이버WebDriver 통합개발환경 IDE 격자 Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"자동화 튜링 테스트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"캡차(CAPTCHA)는 컴퓨터와 인간을 구분하기 위한 완전 자동화된 공공 튜링 테스트(Completely Automated Public Turing Test to telling Computer and Humans addition)의 줄임말로, 자동화를 방지하도록 명시되어 있으므로 시도하지 마시오! CAPTCHA 검사를 수행하기 위한 두 가지 주요 전략이 있다.\n 테스트 환경에서 CAPTCHA 비활성화 테스트가 CAPTCHA를 우회할 수 있도록 후크 추가  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specific capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Firefox Define Capabilities using FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is the new way to define capabilities for the Firefox browser and should generally be used in preference to DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile It is possible to create a custom profile for Firefox as demonstrated below.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout In some environments, Internet Explorer may timeout when opening the File Upload dialog. IEDriver has a default timeout of 1000ms, but you can increase the timeout using the fileUploadDialogTimeout capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit(); } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"관찰 가능성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"드라이버 요구사항","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 WebDriver를 이용하여 Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari와 같은 시장의 모든 주요 브라우저들을 지원합니다. 모든 브라우저가 원격 제어에 대한 공식적인 지원을 가지고 있는 것은 아니지만, WebDriver는 가능한 경우 브라우저에 내장된 자동화 지원을 이용하여 브라우저를 구동합니다.\nWebDriver의 목적은 브라우저와 실제 사용자의 상호작용을 최대한 모방하는 것이며, 이는 브라우저마다 다른 수준으로 진행될 수 있습니다. 다양한 드라이버 특성에 대한 자세한 내용은 _드라이버 특성_을 참조하십시오.\n브라우저 제어를 위한 사용자 대면 인터페이스는 모든 드라이버가 동일하지만, 브라우저 세션을 설정하는 방법에는 약간의 차이가 존재합니다. 드라이버 구현의 많은 부분들은 서드파티에 의해 제공되기 때문에 표준 Selenium 배포에 포함되지 않습니다.\n브라우저에 따라 요구사항이 다른 매개변수의 예시에는 드라이버의 인스턴스화, 프로필 관리 및 다양한 브라우저별 설정 등의 작업 등이 있습니다. 여기서는 다른 브라우저를 시작하기 위한 기초적인 요구사항을 안내합니다.\nPATH에 실행 파일을 추가합니다. 대부분의 드라이버들은 Selenium이 브라우저를 이용하여 통신하기 위한 추가 실행 파일을 필요로 합니다. WebDriver를 시작하기 전에 실행 파일의 위치를 수동으로 지정할 수 있습니다. 그러나 실행 파일이 모든 시스템에서 동일한 위치에 있거나, 테스트 코드 저장소에 실행 파일이 포함되어야 하기 때문에 이식성이 떨어질 수 있습니다.\nSelenium은 시스템 경로에 WebDriver의 바이너리가 들어 있는 폴더를 추가함으로써, 테스트 코드가 드라이버의 정확한 위치를 찾도록 요구하지 않아도 추가 바이너리를 찾도록 할 수 있습니다.\n 실행 파일을 넣을 디렉토리를 다음과 같이 만듭니다. C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin PATH에 디렉토리를 추가합니다:  Windows의 경우 - CMD를 관리자 권한으로 실행한 뒤, 다음 명령을 실행하여 컴퓨터의 모든 사용자에 대한 디렉터리를 경로에 영구적으로 추가합니다.    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Mac OS와 Linux의 Bash 사용자의 경우 - terminal을 사용합니다:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   이제 변경 사항을 테스트 할 준비가 되었습니다. 열려있는 모든 CMD를 닫고, 새 CMD를 실행한 뒤, 이전 단계에서 생성한 폴더에 바이너리 중 하나의 이름을 다음과 같이 입력합니다.\nchromedriver   만약 PATH가 올바르게 구성되었다면, 다음과 같이 드라이버 시작과 관련된 일부 출력을 볼 수 있을 것입니다.:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. 이 상태에선 Ctrl+C를 눌러 CMD를 다시 제어할 수 있습니다.\n빠른 참조    브라우저 지원하는 OS 유지 및 관리 다운로드 이슈 트래커     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla DownLoads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft DownLoads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project DownLoads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera DownLoads Issues    Chromium/Chrome Chrome 또는 Chromium에서 구동하기 위해 chromedriver 를 다운받은 뒤, 시스템 경로에 넣어야 합니다.\nLinux 또는 MacOS에서 이는 PATH 환경 변수 수정을 의미하므로, 다음 명령을 실행하여 콜론(:)으로 구분된 디렉토리를 시스템 경로를 구성할 수 있습니다:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin 경로에 chromedriver를 포함할 때, chromedriver 바이너리의 상위 디렉토리를 포함하는지 확인 해야 합니다. 다음 줄은 PATH 환경 변수의 현재 내용과 콜론(:) 뒤에 추가 경로를 덧붙여야 합니다:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; 경로에서 chromedriver를 사용할 수 있는 경우, 모든 디렉토리에서 chromedriver 실행 파일을 실행할 수 있어야 합니다.\n다음을 이용하여 Chrome/Chromium 세션을 인스턴스화 할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     chromedriver 실행 파일의 경로 설정은 다음과 같이 가능합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriver는 Chrome의 내부 자동화 프록시 인터페이스를 노출하여 브라우저에게 수행할 작업을 지시하는 웹 드라이버 원격 서버로 구현됩니다.\nFirefox Mozilla는 Selenium 3을 시작으로 Firefox 드라이버 geckodriver의 구현을 이어받았으며, geckodriver라고 불립니다. 이는 Firefox 48 이상 버전에서 작동하고, Firefox WebDriver가 꾸준히 개발중이기 때문에 새로운 Firefox 버전이 나올때마다 더 나은 지원을 제공합니다.\ngeckodriver은 Firefox를 시작하는 기본적인 방법이기 때문에 Selenium 2와 같은 방법으로 Firefox를 인스턴스화 할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     PATH를 사용하지 않고 geckodriver의 위치를 설정하려면, 프로그램적으로 geckodriver의 바이너리 위치를 설정해야 합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     런타임의 속성을 설정하는 것 또한 가능합니다:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver 현재 Firefox 47.0.1 또는 45 ESR)을 설치하고 원하는 marionette 기능을 false로 지정함으로써 이전의, 보다 완전한 Firefox 드라이버로 되돌릴 수 있습니다. 그러나 이후 출시된 Firefox는 더 이상 호환이 불가능합니다.\nEdge Edge는 Windows 10과 Server 2016에 포함된 microsoft의 최신 브라우저입니다.\nEdge의 업데이트는 주요 Windows 업데이트와 함께 번들로 제공되기 때문에 바이너리를 다운로드 할 때는 현재 설치된 Windows 빌드 번호와 바이너리의 빌드 번호가 일치하는지 확인이 필요합니다.\nEdge Developer sites는 사용 가능한 모든 바이너리 파일에 대한 링크를 포함합니다. EdgeDriver 구현에 대한 버그는 Microsoft에 올라올 수 있습니다. microsoft는 Windows 10을 실행하지 않고 Edge에 대해 테스트를 하려는 테스터를 위해 다음 사이트에서 무료 VM을 제공합니다. Edge Developer sites\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     경로에 Edge 드라이버가 없는 경우 다음과 같이 경로를 설정할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer는 windows 10에 포함되며, windows 10까지 microsoft의 기본 브라우저였습니다. Internet Explorer 드라이버는 Selenium 프로젝트와 동일한 릴리즈를 지원하는 것을 목표로 하는 유일한 드라이버입니다.Microsoft considers current 또한 이전 릴리즈들은 작동할 수 있지만 지원은 되지 않을 예정입니다.\nSelenium 프로젝트는 32-bit와 64-bit 버전의 Internet Explorer에 모두 바이너리를 제공합니다. 32-bit 드라이버를 사용하는 것은 계속해서 잘 작동하는 반면 64-bit 드라이버가 있는 Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11에는 몇가지 제한이 존재합니다. limitations\nInternet Explorer은 로그인한 사용자 계정에 대해 설정이 저장되므로 일부 추가 설정 additional setup is required이 필요하다는 점을 유의해야 합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     경로에 Internet Explorer 드라이버가 없는 경우 다음과 같이 경로를 설정할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     microsoft는 또한 Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1에서 Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1에 존재하는 Internet Explorer 11을 위한 WebDriver 바이너리를 제공합니다. 이는 2014년 이후 업데이트되지 않았지만, W3 규격 초안을 기반으로 하고 있습니다.\nJim Evans는 microsoft의 구현에 대한 훌륭한 기록을 가지고 있습니다.\nOpera 현재 출시된 Opera는 Chromium 엔진 위에 구축되어 있으며, WebDriver는 이제 closed-source Opera Chromium Driver를 통해 PATH에 추가 added to your PATH 또는 시스템 속성으로 지원됩니다.\n드라이버 세션을 인스턴스화하는 것은 Firefox, Chromium과 유사합니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra 이상 버전:\n 터미널에서 다음 명령을 한 뒤, WebDriver를 승인하기 위해 프롬프트에 암호를 입력합니다.  safaridriver --enable El Capitan과 Sierra:\n Safari 기본 설정에서 개발자 메뉴를 사용합니다. 개발 메뉴에서 \u0026lsquo;원격 자동화 허용\u0026rsquo; 옵션을 확인합니다. 터미널에서 다음 명령을 한 뒤, WebDriver를 승인하기 위해 프롬프트에 암호를 입력합니다.  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ 이후 아래를 사용하여 드라이버 세션을 시작할 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     iOS에서 Safari 자동화를 원하는 사용자는 Appium project를 참조해야 합니다. 이전에는 Windows용 Safari를 사용할 수 있었지만, 오랫동안 중단된 Apple의 지원으로 인해 Safari의 시험용 플랫폼으로서의 가치가 낮아졌습니다.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HTMLUnit은 \u0026ldquo;Java 프로그램을 위한 GUI-Less 브라우저\u0026quot;입니다. 이는 HTML 문서를 모델링하고 페이지 호출, 양식 작성, 클릭링크 등이 가능한 API를 제공합니다. 또한 JavaScript 지원 기능이 있으며, 사용되는 구성에 따라 Chrome, Firefox 또는 Internet Explorer를 시뮬레이션하여 AJAX 라이브러리와 작업할 수 있습니다. 이것은 new location)로 옮겨졌으며, 소스는 svn으로 유지됩니다.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS는 Google Chrome이나 Safari가 사용하는 것 보다 훨씬 오래된 버전의 Webkit을 기반으로 한 헤드리스 브라우저입니다. 역사적으로 대중적인 선택이었지만, 이제 이 프로젝트는 유지되지 않으므로 PhantomJS를 피하는 것이 현명할 것입니다. since the 5th of August 2017, 따라서 웹이 계속 바뀌는 동안, PhantomJS는 업데이트되지 않을 것입니다.\n프로젝트의 유지 중단은 Google이 Chrome을 헤드리스로 실행할 수 있는 능력을 발표한 후였는데, 지금은 Mozilla의 Firefox도 이 기능을 제공하고 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/","title":"소개","tags":[],"description":"","content":"소개 셀레니움(Selenium)은 웹브라우저를 자동화할 수 있게 돕는 일련의 도구 모음인 엄브렐라 프로젝트(umbrella project) 중 일부입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"써드파티 드라이버와 플러그인","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 플러그인의 사용으로 확장될 수 있습니다.\n다음은 제3자에 의해 생성되고 유지되는 많은 플러그인 입니다.\n고유한 플러그인을 만들거나 플러그인이 나열되는 자세한 내용은 문서를 참조하세요.\n이러한 플러그인은 Selenium 프로젝트에서 지원, 유지 관리, 호스팅 또는 보증하지 않는다는 점에서 유의하십시오.\n또한 아래 나열된 플러그인이 반드시 Apache License v2.0에 따라 라이센스가 부여되지 않는다는 것을 유념하십시오.\n일부 플러그인은 다른 모료 오픈소스 소프트웨어 라이센스로 사용할 수 있으며, 다른 플러그인은 독점 라이센스로만 사용할 수 있습니다.\n플러그인과 해당 플러그인의 배포 라이센스에 대한 모든 질문은 해당 개발자와 함께 제기해 주세요.\n   브라우저 최신 버전 변경 내역 이슈 위키     Google ChromeDriver 2.29 changelog issues wiki    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"웹드라이버 바이너리 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"당신의 프로젝트와 브라우저 제어를 시작하기 위해서 특정 브라우저의 웹드라이버 바이너리가 설치가 필요합니다.\n당신의 브라우저가 지원하는 웹드라이버 바이너리 를 다운로드하고, 시스템 경로에 위치하세요.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"테스트 자동화","tags":[],"description":"","content":"먼저 정말로 브라우저를 사용할 것인지 스스로 물어보는 것부터 시작합니다. 복잡한 웹 응용 프로그램에서 작업하는 경우 브라우저를 열고 실제로 테스트해야할 필요가 있습니다.\n그러나 셀레니움 테스트와 같은 최종 사용자 테스트는 실행 비용이 많이 듭니다. 게다가 일반적으로 효율적인 운영을 위해서는 상당한 인프라가 구현되어야 합니다. 즉, unit test와 같은 보다 가벼운 테스트 접근 방식을 사용하거나 낮은 수준의 접근 방식을 사용해서 테스트할 수 있는지 항상 자문하는 것이 좋습니다.\n당신이 웹 브라우저 테스트 업무를 하고 있고 셀레니움 환경에서 테스트를 할 준비가 되어 있다면, 일반적으로 다음 세 단계의 조합을 수행할 것입니다.\n 데이터 설정 개별 작업 수행 결과 평가  아마 당신은 위 단계를 한 두번 내로 끝내기를 원할 겁니다. 브라우저 자동화는 \u0026ldquo;신뢰할 수 없는\u0026rdquo; 평판을 가지고 있지만 실제로 그것은 사용자가 너무 많은 것을 요구하기 때문입니다. 이 후 챕터에서는 테스트에서 드러나는 간헐적 문제를 완화하기 위해 사용할 수 있는 기술, 특히 브라우저와 웹 드라이버 간의 경쟁상태 극복방법을 살펴보겠습니다.\n대안이 전혀 없는 경우에 테스트를 짧게 유지하고 웹 브라우저만 사용함으로써 최소한의 Flake로 많은 테스트를 수행할 수 있습니다.\n셀레니움 테스트의 고유한 장점은 백엔드부터 프런트엔드까지 애플리케이션의 모든 구성요소를 사용자의 관점에서 테스트할 수 있다는 것입니다. 즉, 기능 테스트를 실행하는 데 비용이 많이 들 수 있지만 동시에 업무상 중요한 많은 부분을 포괄하기도 한다는 것입니다.\n테스트 요구사항 앞서 언급했듯이 셀레니움 테스트는 실행비용이 많이 듭니다. 테스트를 실행하는 브라우저에 따라 어느 정도가 달라지지만, 역사적으로 브라우저의 동작은 너무 다양하여 여러 브라우저에 대해 교차 테스트하는 것이 종종 명시되어 왔습니다.\n셀레니움을 사용하면 여러 운영 체제에서 여러 브라우저에 대해 동일한 명령을 내릴 수 있지만, 서로 다른 버전의 가능한 모든 브라우저 및 이러한 브라우저가 실행되는 많은 운영 체제의 열거는 사소한 작업이 아닙니다.\n예를 들면, Larry는 사용자들이 그들의 커스텀 유니콘을 주문할 수 있는 웹사이트를 만들었습니다.\n일반적인 workflow (이하 \u0026ldquo;happy path\u0026quot;이라 함)는 다음과 같습니다.\n 계정 만들기 유니콘 구성하기 장바구니에 추가 체크아웃 후 결제 유니콘에 대한 피드백 주기  많은 사람들은 셀레니움 스크립트을 하나 짜서 모든 작업을 수행하는 것이 구미가 당길 것입니다. 하지만 유혹을 뿌리쳐야 합니다! 만일 스크립트를 작성해서 작업을 수행하면, a) 시간이 오래 걸리는 테스트, b) 페이지 렌더링 타이밍 문제와 관련된 몇 가지 일반적인 문제가 발생할 수 있으며 c) 테스트가 실패할 경우 무엇이 잘못되었는지 진단하는 간결하고 \u0026ldquo;일람 가능한\u0026rdquo; 방법이 제공되지 않을 수 있습니다\n이 시나리오를 테스트하기 위한 선호 전략은 일련의 독립적이고 속도 높은 테스트로 세분화하는 것이고, 각각의 테스트는 하나의 \u0026ldquo;이유\u0026quot;가 존재합니다.\n두 번째 단계인 유니콘 구성을 테스트해 보겠습니다. 다음 작업을 수행합니다.\n 계정 만들기 유니콘 구성하기  나머지 단계는 건너뛰고 이 단계를 완료한 후 다른 소규모 개별 테스트 사례에서 나머지 워크플로를 테스트합니다.\n시작하려면 계정을 만들어야 합니다. 다음 몇 가지 선택 사항이 있습니다.\n 기존 계정을 사용하시겠습니까? 새 계정을 생성하시겠습니까? 구성을 시작하기 전에 사용자의 특수한 properties을 고려해야 합니까?  이 문제의 답변에 관계없이 해결책은 이 질문을 테스트의 \u0026ldquo;데이터 설정\u0026rdquo; 부분에 포함시키는 것입니다. Larry가 사용자 계정을 만들고 업데이트할 수 있는 API를 노출한 경우, 이 질문에 답변하기 위해 해당 API를 사용해야 합니다. 가능한 경우, 신원 확인이 된 로그인할 수 있는 사용자가 있는 경우에만 브라우저를 시작합니다.\n각 워크플로에 대한 각 테스트가 사용자 계정 생성으로 시작되면 각 테스트 실행에 몇 초가 추가됩니다. API를 호출하고 데이터베이스와 통신하는 것은 빠르고 브라우저를 열고, 올바른 페이지로 이동하고, 양식이 제출 될 때까지 클릭하고 대기하는 등의 비용이 많이 드는 프로세스가 필요없는 \u0026ldquo;headless\u0026quot;작업입니다.\n브라우저가 시작되기 전에 실행되는 코드 한 줄에서 이 설정 단계를 해결하는 것이 이상적입니다 :\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     생각하신 대로 UserFactory를 확장하여 createAdminUser() 및 createUserWithPayment()와 같은 메소드를 제공할 수 있습니다. 요점은, 이 두 줄의 코드가 이 테스트의 궁극적인 목적, 즉 유니콘을 구성하는 것을 방해하지 않는다는 것입니다.\n페이지 오브젝트 모델의 복잡성은 뒤에서 설명하겠지만, 여기서는 개념만 소개하겠습니다.\n테스트는 사이트의 페이지 컨텍스트 내에서 사용자의 관점에서 수행되는 작업으로 구성되어야 합니다. 이러한 페이지는 개체로 저장되며, 여기에는 웹 페이지의 구성 방법과 수행 방법에 대한 특정 정보가 포함됩니다. 이 중 대부분은 테스터와 관련이 없습니다.\n어떤 유니콘을 원하십니까? 당신은 분홍색을 원할지 모르지만 꼭 그렇지는 않습니다. 보라색은 최근에 꽤 인기가 있습니다. 그녀가 선글라스가 필요합니까? 별 타투? 이러한 선택은 어렵기는 하지만 검사자로서 가장 중요한 관심사입니다. 주문 이행 센터에서 적절한 유니콘을 적절한 사람에게 발송할 수 있도록 해야 합니다. 이러한 선택에서부터 시작합니다.\n이 단락 어디에서도 buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons 또는 웹 양식에 대해 이야기하지 않습니다. 테스트도 마찬가지입니다! 사용자가 문제를 해결하려는 것처럼 코드를 작성하려고 합니다. 다음은 이 작업을 수행하는 한 가지 방법입니다(이전 예시에서 이어집니다) :\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     테스터는 여전히 이 코드에서 유니콘에 대해 아무것도 하지 않고 있습니다. buttons, locators, 브라우저 컨트롤도 없습니다. 애플리케이션을 모델링하는 이 방법을 사용하면 다음 주에 Larry가 Ruby-on-Rails를 더 이상 좋아하지 않는다고 결정하고 Fortran 프런트 엔드로 최신 Haskell 바인딩에서 전체 사이트를 다시 구현하기로 결정하더라도 테스트 레벨 명령을 그대로 유지할 수 있습니다.\n페이지 객체는 사이트 재설계를 준수하기 위해 약간의 유지보수가 필요하지만, 이러한 테스트는 그대로 유지됩니다. 이 기본 설계를 사용하면 브라우저 지향 단계를 최소화하면서 workflows를 계속 진행할 수 있습니다. 다음 workflows에는 쇼핑 카트에 유니콘을 추가하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 카트의 상태를 올바르게 유지하기 위해 이 테스트를 여러 번 반복해야 할 것입니다. 시작하기 전에 카트에 유니콘이 한 개 이상 있습니까? 쇼핑 카트에 몇 개나 들어갈 수 있나요? 이름 및/또는 기능이 같은 두 개 이상 생성될 경우 중단됩니까? 기존 항목만 유지할 것입니까, 아니면 다른 항목만 추가할 것입니까?\nWorkflow를 이동할 때마다 계정을 생성하고 사용자로 로그인하고 유니콘을 구성할 필요가 없습니다. 이상적으로 계정을 생성하고 API 또는 데이터베이스를 통해 유니콘을 미리 구성할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 사용자로 로그인하여 스파클을 찾은 다음 카트에 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.\n자동화를 할까요, 말까요? 자동화가 항상 유리할까요? 언제 테스트 케이스를 자동화하기로 결정해야 할까요?\n테스트 사례를 자동화하는 것이 항상 유리한 것은 아닙니다. 수동 테스트가 더 적절할 수 있는 경우가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 애플리케이션의 사용자 인터페이스가 가까운 시일에 크게 변화할 경우, 모든 자동화를 다시 작성해야 할 수 있습니다. 또한 테스트 자동화를 구축하기 위한 시간이 충분하지 않은 경우도 있습니다. 단기적으로는 수동 시험이 더 효과적일 수 있습니다. 애플리케이션의 마감 시간이 매우 빠듯할 경우, 현재 사용 가능한 테스트 자동화가 없으며, 반드시 해당 기간 내에 테스트를 수행해야 합니다. 따라서 이 때는 수동 테스트가 가장 적합한 솔루션입니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"파일 다운로드","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium의 제어 하에 브라우저로 링크를 클릭하면 다운로드를 시작할 수 있지만, API는 다운로드 진행 상황을 노출시키지 않아 다운로드 파일 테스트에 이상적이지 않다. 이것은 파일 다운로드가 웹 플랫폼과의 사용자 상호작용을 모방하는 중요한 측면으로 여겨지지 않기 때문이다. 대신 Selenium(및 필요한 쿠키)을 사용하여 링크를 찾아 HTTP 요청 라이브러리 like libcurl.에 전달하라.\n Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check where you need to check the Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in command prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs Get window handle WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session Close the browser process Close the background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it was not for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Element 찾기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"하나의 element 찾기 웹드라이버를 사용할 때 알아야할 가장 기본적인 테크닉 중 하나는 페이지에서 element들을 찾는 것입니다. 웹드라이버는 다양한 종류의 내장된 셀렉터 타입들을 제공해주고, 그 중 하나는 ID 속성을 통해 element들을 찾는 것입니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     예시와 같이, 웹드라이버에서 element들을 찾는 것은 WebDriver 인스턴스 객체에서 시행됩니다. findElement(By) 메소드는 WebElement라는 기초적인 객체를 반환합니다.\n WebDriver 는 브라우저를 나타냅니다. WebElement 는 특정한 DOM 노드를 나타냅니다. (링크나 인풋 필드 등)  발견된 웹 element에 대한 참조가 있다면, 그 참조를 통해 검색 범위를 좁힐 수 있습니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     이것이 가능한 이유는 WebDriver 과 WebElement 모두 SearchContext라는 인터페이스를 구현한 것이기 때문입니다.이것은 웹드라이버에서 role-based(역할 기반) 인터페이스라고 알려져 있습니다. Role-based 인터페이스는 특정 드라이버 구현이 주어진 기능을 지원하는지 확인할 수 있게 해줍니다. 이러한 인터페이스는 명확하게 정의되어 있으며, 단 하나의 역할만을 가지고 있는 것을 고수하려고 노력합니다. 웹드라이버의 디자인이나 어떠한 드라이버에서 어떠한 역할을 지원하는지에 대해서는 여기(아직 미구현)를 참고하십시오.\n따라서, 위에서 사용한 By인터페이스도 다양한 추가 locator 전략을 지원합니다. 중첩된 조회는 브라우저에 별도의 두 개 명령을 실행해야하므로 가장 효과적인 cheese 찾기 전략이 아닐 수 있습니다. 별도의 두 개 명령은 ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026quot;를 DOM에서 찾는 명령과 그 곳에서 \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026quot;를 그 다음에 찾는 명령을 말합니다.\n성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 좀 더 세부적인 locator를 사용해야합니다. 웹드라이버는 CSS locator를 통해 element를 검색하는 기능을 지원하고, 이는 위처럼 두 개의 locator를 사용할 필요가 없게 해줍니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     다수의 element 찾기 우리가 작업하고 있는 문서가 다음과 같이 우리가 제일 좋아하는 치즈들의 정렬된 리스트일 수 있습니다:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; 더 많은 치즈는 의심할 여지 없이 더 좋지만, 각각의 아이템들을 따로 회수하기에는 너무 복잡하고 힘들어질 것입니다. 이를 위한 좀 더 상급 테크닉은 바로 다수 버전의 findElements(By)를 사용하는 것입니다. 이 메소드는 web elements들의 컬렉션을 반환합니다. 하나의 element만 발견되어도 여전히 컬렉션을 반환합니다. (이 때의 컬렉션은 하나의 element로 이루어져 있습니다). 만약 아무 element가 발견되지 않는다면, 빈 리스트가 반환됩니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element 선택 전략 웹드라이버에는 여덟 가지의 내장된 element location 전략이 있습니다:\n   Locator Description     class name class name 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   css selector CSS selector 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   id ID 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   name NAME 속성 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   link text 보이는 텍스트 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   partial link text 보이는 텍스트 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   tag name tag name 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.   xpath Xpath expression 중에서 검색한 값이 있는지 찾습니다.    Selector 사용 팁 일반적으로 HTML ID가 사용가능하고, 고유하며, 예측가능하다면 검색할 때 HTML ID를 통해 하는 것이 좋습니다. HTML ID로 검색하는 것은 매우 빠르며, 복잡하게 DOM을 이용하는 방법들을 속도에서 앞섭니다.\n고유한 ID가 없다면, CSS selector이 그 다음으로 선호되는 방법입니다. XPath 또한 CSS selector만큼 잘 작동되지만, 구문이 복잡하며 디버깅을 하기 힘듭니다. 하지만 XPath selector는 매우 유연하기 때문에 일반적으로 브라우저 벤더에 의해 성능 테스트를 받지 않으며 꽤 느린 경향이 있다.\nlinkText와 partialLinkText를 이용한 전략은 link element에서만 사용이 가능합니다. 또한, 웹드라이버 내부적으로는 XPath selector를 사용하여 작동합니다.\nTag name은 element 검색을 할 때 위험한 방법이 될 수도 있습니다. 한 페이지에는 종종 동일한 tag를 가진 여러 element들이 있습니다. 이 방법은 주로 findElements(By) 메소드를 통해 element의 컬렉션을 반환할 때 유용합니다.\nLocator들을 최대한 가독성 있고 간단하게 유지하는 것을 추천드립니다. 웹 드라이버에게 DOM 전체를 검색하라는 것은 성능이 많이 들어가기 때문에, 검색범위를 좁히면 좁힐수록 좋습니다.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4는 Relative Locators, 또는 _Friendly Locators_를 지원합니다. 이 기능은 다른 element 근처에 있는 element를 검색할 때 도움이 됩니다.\n사용가능한 Relative Locators들은 다음과 같습니다:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement 메소드는 또다른 메소드 withTagName() 를 받습니다. 이 메소드는 Relative Locator를 반환합니다.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\n어떻게 작동하는가 셀레니움은 자바스크립트 함수 getBoundingClientRect() 를 사용해서 releative element를 찾습니다. 이 함수는 right(오른쪽), left(왼쪽), bottom(아래), top(위)와 같은 element의 속성들을 반환합니다.\n아래 사진을 예시로 relative locator에 대해 알아봅시다.\nabove() 특정 element 위의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 특정 element 아래의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 특정 element 왼쪽의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 특정 element 오른쪽의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 특정 element의 최대 50px 근처의 WebElement를 반환합니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid 는 Selenium 테스트가 명령을 원격 웹 브라우저 인스턴스로 보낼 수 있도록 하는 스마트 프록시 서버입니다. 이것의 목적은 여러 기계에서 병렬로 테스트를 실행할 수 있는 쉬운 방법을 제공하는 것입니다.\nSelenium Grid 에서 한 서버는 JSON 형식 테스트 명령을 하나 이상의 등록된 Grid 노드로 보내는 허브로서의 역할을 합니다. 테스트를 허브에 연결하여 원격 브라우저 인스턴스에 대한 액세스 권한을 얻으십시오. 허브에는 이러한 인스턴스에 대한 액세스 권한을 제공하고 제어를 허용하는 등록된 서버 목록이 있습니다.\nSelenium Grid 는 여러 컴퓨터에서 동시에 테스트를 실행할 수 있도록 하며, (개별 테스트 대신에) 서로 다른 브라우저 버전과 브라우저 구성을 중앙에서 관리할 수 있도록 합니다.\nSelenium Grid 는 묘책이 아닙니다. 일반적인 위임 및 배포 문제의 부분 집합을 해결하지만, 예를 들어 당신의 인프라를 관리하지 않으며 당신의 특정한 요구에 적합하지 않을 수 있습니다.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium HTML-runner allows you to run Test Suites from a command line. Test Suites are HTML exports from Selenium IDE or campatible tools.\nCommon information  Combination of releases of geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner matters. There might be a software compatibility matrix somewhere. selenium-html-runner runs only Test Suite (not Test Case - for example an export from Monitis Transaction Monitor). Be sure you comply with this. For Linux users with no DISPLAY - you need to start html-runner with Virtual display (search for xvfb)  Example Linux environment Install / download following software packages:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite example:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; How to run selenium-html-runner headless Now, the most important part, an example of how to run the selenium-html-runner! Your experience might vary depending on software combinations - geckodriver/FF/html-runner releases.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP 응답 코드","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium RC의 일부 브라우저 구성에서 Selenium은 자동화되고 있는 브라우저와 사이트 사이의 프록시 역할을 했다. 이것은 셀레니움을 통과하는 모든 브라우저 트래픽이 캡처되거나 조작될 수 있다는 것을 의미했다. captureNetworkTraffic() 방법은 HTTP 응답 코드를 포함하여 자동화되고 있는 브라우저와 사이트 사이의 모든 네트워크 트래픽을 캡처하기 위한 것이다.\nSelenium WebDriver는 브라우저 자동화에 대한 완전히 다른 접근방식으로, 사용자처럼 행동하는 것을 선호한다. 이는 당신이 WebDriver로 시험을 작성하는 방식으로 표현된다. 자동 기능 테스트에서 상태 코드 확인은 테스트 실패의 특별히 중요한 세부 사항은 아니다; 그 이전의 단계들이 더 중요하다.\n브라우저는 항상 HTTP 상태 코드, 예를 들어 404 또는 500 오류 페이지를 나타낸다. 이러한 오류 페이지 중 하나에 부딪쳤을 때 \u0026ldquo;빠르게 실패\u0026quot;하는 간단한 방법은 페이지 로드 때마다 신뢰할 수 있는 지점(예: \u0026ldquo;h1\u0026rdquo; 태그)의 페이지 제목이나 내용을 확인하는 것이다. 페이지 개체 모델을 사용하는 경우, 이 검사를 클래스 생성자 또는 페이지 로드가 예상되는 유사한 지점에 포함할 수 있다. 때때로, HTTP 코드는 브라우저의 에러 페이지에 표시될 수 있고 당신은 이것을 읽고 당신의 디버깅 출력을 향상시키기 위해 WebDriver를 사용할 수 있다.\n웹페이지 자체를 확인하는 것은 웹브라이버의 이상적인 관행과 일치한다.\n당신이 주장한다면, HTTP 상태 코드를 캡처하는 고급 해결책은 프록시를 사용하여 Selenium RC의 행동을 복제하는 것이다. WebDriver API는 브라우저의 프록시를 설정할 수 있는 기능을 제공하며, 웹 서버로부터 송수신되는 요청의 내용을 프로그램적으로 조작할 수 있는 다수의 프록시가 있다. 프록시를 사용하면 리디렉션 응답 코드에 응답할 방법을 결정할 수 있다. 또한, 모든 브라우저가 WebDriver에서 응답 코드를 사용할 수 있게 하는 것은 아니므로, 프록시를 사용하기로 선택하면 모든 브라우저에 적합한 솔루션을 가질 수 있다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 설치 Selenium 설치는 다른 프로젝트들과는 다를 수 있습니다. Selenium을 자동화 프로젝트에 사용하기 위해서는 당신이 선택한 언어로 바인딩된 라이브러리 설치가 필요합니다. 자동화와 테스트를 실행하기 위한 브라우저와 웹드라이버 바이너리가 추가적으로 필요합니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this, and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"구성 요소 구성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"독립형 서버 설치","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid를 사용하려면 selenium-server-standalone JAR 파일을 다운로드하십시오. 모든 구성요소는 selenium-server를 통해 다운로드 할 수 있습니다. 독립형 JAR에는 원격 Selenium 서버와 클라이언트측 바인딩을 포함한 모든 것이 들어 있습니다. 즉, 프로젝트에서 selenium 서버 독립형 jar을 사용할 경우 selenium-java 또는 브라우저별 jar을 추가하지 않아도 됩니다.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"테스트의 종류","tags":[],"description":"","content":"적합 테스트 이러한 유형의 테스트는 기능이나 시스템이\n고객의 기대와 요구사항을 충족하는지 판단하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n이러한 유형의 테스트는 일반적으로 고객의 협조나 피드백을 포함하며,\n이는 다음 질문에 대한 답을 제공하는 검증활동입니다.\n 우리가 올바른 제품을 만들고 있나요?.\n 웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 이 테스트의 자동화는 사용자의 예상 행동을\n시뮬레이션하여 Selenium과 간접적으로 연계할 수 있습니다.\n이 시뮬레이션은 기록/재생 또는 이 문서에 설명된 지원하는 다른 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 수행될 수 있습니다.\n참고: 적합 테스트는 **기능 테스트**의 하위 유형이며, 일부 사람들이 이를 언급하기도 합니다.\n기능 테스트 이러한 유형의 테스트는 기능이나 시스템이\n문제 없이 제기능을 하는지 판단하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n모든 시나리오가 적용되고 시스템이 해야 할 일을 하는지를\n확인하기 위해 다른 레벨에서 시스템을 점검합니다. 이는 다음과 같은 질문에 대한 답을 제공하는 검증 활동입니다.\n 우리가 제품을 올바르게 만들고 있나요?.\n 여기에는 일반적으로 오류(404, exceptions 등\u0026hellip;) 없이, 사용하능한 방법으로,\n접근 가능하고 규격에 부합하는 테스트(위의 적합 테스트 참고)가 포함됩니다.\n웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 이 테스트의 자동하는 예상 리턴값을\n시뮬레이션 하여 Selenium과 직접 수행될 수 있습니다.\n이 시뮬레이션은 기록/재생 또는 이 문서에 설명된 지원하는 다른 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 수행될 수 있습니다.\n성능 테스트 이름에서 알 수 있듯이, 성능 테스트가 수행됩니다. 응용 프로그램이 얼마나 제기능을 잘 수행하는지 측정합니다.\n성능 테스트를 위한 두 가지 주요 하위 유형이 있습니다:\n로드 테스트 로드 테스트는 애플리케이션이 서로 다르게 정의된 부하(보통 한 번에 연결된 특정 사용자 수) 에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 검증하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n스트레스 테스트 스트레스 테스트는 애플리케이션이 스트레스(또는 최대 부하 이상)\n에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 확인하기 위해 수행됩니다.\n이 작업은 일반적으로 메트릭스를 검색하는 다른 도구에 의해 수행됩니다.\n예를들어, JMeter 가 그러한 도구 중 하나가 될 수 있습니다..\n웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 측정해야 할 세부 정보에는 처리량, 지연 시간, 데이터 손설, 개별 구성 요소 로딩 시간 등이 있습니다.\n참고 1: 모든 브라우저의 개발자 도구 섹션에 성능 탭이 있습니다. (F12를 눌러 접근합니다.)\n참고 2: 기능/비기능 시스템별로 일반적으로 측정되므로, 이는 비기능성 시험의 하위 유형입니다.\n회귀 테스트 이 테스트는 일반적으로 변경, 수정 또는 기능 추가 후에 수행됩니다.\n변경으로 인해 기존 기능이 손상되지 않았는지 확인하기 위해 이미 실행된 일부 테스트를 다시 실행합니다.\n재실행 테스트 집합은 전체 또는 부분적일 수 있으며,\n애플리케이션 및 개발 팀에 따라 몇 가지 다른 유형을 포함할 수 있습니다.\n테스트 주도 개발 (TDD;Test-driven Development) TDD는 테스트 유형 자체가 아니라, 테스트가 기능의 디자인을 주도하는 반복적인 개발 방법론입니다.\n각 사이클은 기능이 최종적으로 통과해야 하는 장치 테스트 집합을 생성하는 것으로 시작합니다.\n(첫 번째 실행 시 실패해야 합니다.)\n그 후, 테스트를 통과하기 위한 개발이 이루어집니다.\n테스트는 다시 실행되어 다른 사이클을 시작하고, 이 프로세스는 모든 테스트가 통과될 때까지 계속됩니다.\n이는 결함이 조기에 발견될수록 비용이 덜 든다는 사실에 근거하여 애플리케이션의 개발을 가속화하기 위한 것입니다.\n행위 주도 개발 (BDD;Behavior-driven development) BDD는 위의 TDD에 기초한 반복적인 개발 방법론으로서,\n애플리케이션 개발에 모든 당사자를 참여시키는 것을 목표로 합니다.\n각 사이클은 실패해야 하는 몇 가지 사양을 작성하여 시작합니다.\n그런 다음 실패한 단위 테스트(이 또한 실패해야 합니다.)를 작성하고 개발을 수행하십시오.\n이 사이클은 모든 유형의 시험이 통과할 때까지 반복됩니다.\n이를 위해 명세언어(Specification language)가 사용됩니다.\n모든 당사자가 이해할 수 있어야하며 단순하고 표준이며 명시적이어야 합니다.\n대부분의 도구는 명세언어로 Gherkin 을 사용합니다.\n사양을 작성하고 코드 기능을 일치시키기 위해 Cucumber 나 SpecFlow 와 같은 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다.\nBDD 사양을 실행 가능한 코드로 직접 변환하여 이 프로세스를 더욱 빠르게 수행할 수 있도록 Selenium에 JBehave, Capybara 나 Robot Framework 와 같은 도구 세트가 구축되어 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"여러 가지 이유로, WebDriver를 사용하여 Gmail이나 Facebook과 같은 사이트에 로그인하는 것은 권장되지 않는다. 이러한 사이트의 사용 조건에 반대하는 것 외에도(계정 종료의 위험이 있는 경우) 느리고 신뢰할 수 없다.\n이상적인 방법은 이메일 제공자들이 제공하는 API를 사용하는 것이다. 또는 Facebook의 경우 시험 계정, 친구 등을 만들기 위한 API를 공개하는 개발자 도구 서비스를 이용하는 것이다. 비록 API를 사용하는 것이 조금 더 힘든 일처럼 보일지 모르지만, 당신은 속도, 신뢰성, 그리고 안정성에 대한 보상을 받을 것이다. 반면에 웹 페이지 및 HTMLlocators가 자주 당신의 시험 프레임워크 업데이트하는 것을 요구하기를 변화시키고 있는 API도 변경될 것 같지는 않다.\n테스트의 어느 지점에서 WebDriver를 사용하여 제3자 사이트에 로그인하면 테스트가 더 길어지기 때문에 테스트 실패의 위험이 증가한다. 일반적인 경험의 법칙은 긴 테스트가 더 취약하고 신뢰할 수 없다는 것이다.\nWebDriver 구현[W3C conformant]//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html) 또한 서비스 거부 공격이 완화될 수 있도록 WebDriver 속성으로 navigator 물체에 주석을 달아야 한다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse the sections below.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver does not track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittent issues that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls will not return (or the callback will not trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element is not found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it is unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it is quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver 시작하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver 시작하기 Selenium은 WebDriver 의 사용을 통해 대부분의 모든 브라우저의 자동화를 지원합니다.\nWebDriver 는 웹 브라우저의 동작을 제어하기 위한 언어 중립 인터페이스를 정의하는 API와 프로토콜 입니다.\n각 브라우저는 드라이버 라고 불리는 특정한 웹 드라이버 구현에 의해 작동됩니다. 드라이버는 브라우저로의 위임을 담당하는 구성 요소이며, Selenium과 브라우저와의 통신을 처리합니다.\n이러한 분리는 브라우저 공급 업체가 브라우저 구현을 책임지게하려는 의식적인 노력의 일부입니다.\nSelenium은 가능한 한 이러한 타사의 드라이버를 사용하지만, 현실적으로 불가능할 경우 프로젝트에서 유지\u0026amp;관리하는 자체 드라이버도 제공합니다.\nSelenium 프레임워크는 이 모든 부분을 하나로 묶습니다. 서로 다른 브라우저 백엔드를 투명하게 사용할 수 있는\n사용자 대면 인터페이스를 통해 브라우저 간 및 플랫폼 간의 자동화가 가능합니다.\n드라이버에 대한 자세한 내용은 Driver Idiosyncrasies 를 참조하십시오.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"고급 기능","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"마우스 동작 세부 사항","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"이 문서에 대하여","tags":[],"description":"","content":"이 문서들은 Selenium의 코드와 마찬가지로 자원 봉사자들에 의해 100% 유지됩니다.\n많은 사람들이 이 문서가 만들어진 후 사용해오고 있지만, 더 많은 사람들은 찰나의 시간만 사용하고,\n신규 유저의 경험을 개전하기 위해 각자의 시간을 할애해 왔습니다.\n문서에 문제가 있는 경우, 우리에게 알려주세요!\n문제를 전달하는 가장 좋은 방법은 Github 저장소에 방문하는 것입니다. https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues\n이미 동일한 문제가 접수되었는지 여부를 검색해보세요. 그렇지 않다면, 자유롭게 문제를 제기하면 됩니다.\n많은 커뮤니티 구성원들이 셀레니움 Libera 채널 Libera.chat 을 방문합니다.\n언제든지 방문하여 질문해 주세요.\n만약 당신이 이 문서들 중에서 유용한 도음을 받는다면, 이 문서에 기여해주세요!\n일반적인 커밋보다는 문서를 업데이트하는 것이 훨씬 쉽습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it is also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty, configured entirely in code.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, we are using Jetty, so you will need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"웹 드라이버(Web Driver) 최근 셀레니움의 가장 큰 변화는 WebDriver API가 내장된 점입니다. 사용자가 로컬 또는 Selenium 서버를 사용하여 원격 컴퓨터에서 브라우저를 기본적으로 구동하는 것으로 브라우저 자동화에 큰 발전을 가져왔습니다.\nSelenium WebDriver는 RC(Selenium Remote Control)와 같은 역할에 적합하며, 원래의 1.x 바인딩을 통합하였다. 언어 바인딩과 개별 브라우저 제어 코드의 구현을 모두 말한다. 이것은 일반적으로 단지 WebDriver 라고 부르거나 때로는 Selenium 2 라고 부른다.\nSelenium 1.0 + WebDriver = Selenium 2.0\n  WebDriver는 Selenium-RC API의 일부 제한사항과 함께 보다 단순하고 간결한 프로그래밍 인터페이스로 설계되었다.\n  WebDriver는 Selenium 1.0과 비교하면 간결한 객체 지향형 API입니다.\n  브라우저를 훨씬 효과적으로 구동하고 파일 업로드 또는 다운로드, 팝업, 대화 상자 도착자 등 기능 테스트 범위에 영향을 준 Selenium 1의 단점을 해결하였습니다.\n  WebDriver는 Selenium RC의 Single-host 오리진 policy.의 단점을 해결하였습니다.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"그리드 끝점","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"실험 의존성","tags":[],"description":"","content":"자동화된 실험에 대한 일반적인 생각이나 오해는 \u0026ldquo;특정한 순서\u0026quot;로 판단된다. 당신의 실험들은 어떠한 형태 로든 정해진 순서 에 따라 실행되어질 수 있고, 단순히 성공하기 위해 다른 테스트에 의존하지 않는다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver에는 JavaScript의 세 가지 대화 상자를 제어하는 API가 있습니다. 이들 대화 상자의 스타일은 브라우저에 의해 결정되며 제한된 영역만 변경할 수 있습니다.\nAlert 경고를 위해 사용되는 가장 단순한 형태의 대화 상자입니다. 대화 상자에는 사용자에게 보여줄 메시지와 버튼 한 개가 있으며, 버튼을 누르면 대화 상자가 닫힙니다. 이 버튼에는 대개 ‘확인’이라는 텍스트가 적혀 있습니다. 다수 브라우저에서는 대화 상자의 닫기 버튼을 눌러 대화 상자를 닫을 수도 있습니다. 이는 확인 버튼을 누르는 것과 같은 동작을 수행합니다. alert의 예시 보기.\nWebDriver는 대화 상자에 표시된 텍스트를 가져오거나 대화 상자를 닫을 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 String text = alert.getText(); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 text = alert.text # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 string text = alert.Text; //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.Accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 alert_text = alert.text # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 let alertText = await alert.getText(); //확인 버튼 클릭 await alert.accept(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;alert의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 val text = alert.getText() //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()     Confirm confirm 대화 상자는 alert와 비슷합니다. 그러나 confirm 대화 상자에는 취소 버튼이 있어서 사용자는 대화 상자에 나타난 메시지를 보고 취소를 선택할 수 있습니다. confirm의 예시 보기.\n다음의 confirm 대화 상자 예시에서는 alert를 저장하는 다른 방식도 함께 확인할 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 String text = alert.getText(); //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 text = alert.text # 취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 string text = alert.Text; //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.Dismiss();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 alert_text = alert.text # 취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 let alertText = await alert.getText(); //취소 버튼 클릭 await alert.dismiss(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;confirm의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //대화 상자의 텍스트를 변수에 저장 val text = alert.text //취소 버튼 클릭 alert.dismiss()     Prompt prompt 대화 상자는 confirm과 비슷하지만, 추가로 텍스트 입력 필드를 가지고 있습니다. prompt는 폼 요소(form element)를 다루듯, WebDriver로 대화 상자에 키보드 입력 키(key)를 보낼 수 있습니다. 이 동작은 prompt 대화 상자의 텍스트 입력 필드 내용을 변경합니다. 대화 상자의 취소 버튼을 누르면 입력 필드의 텍스트가 전송되지 않습니다. prompt의 예시 보기.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //메시지 입력 alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;).click() # 대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = Alert(driver) # 메시지 입력 alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).Click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //메시지 입력 alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.Accept();   # alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#39;).click # 대화 상자를 변수에 저장 alert = driver.switch_to.alert # 메시지 입력 alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # 확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept   //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#39;)).click(); //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다림 await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); //대화 상자를 변수에 저장 let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //메시지 입력 await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //확인 버튼 클릭 await alert.accept(); //참고: await문을 사용하기 위해 위의 코드는 async 함수 안에 위치해야 합니다.    //alert 대화 상자를 띄우기 위해 클릭 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;prompt의 예시 보기\u0026#34;)).click() //대화 상자가 화면에 나타나길 기다린 뒤 변수에 저장 val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //메시지 입력 alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //확인 버튼 클릭 alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Remote WebDriver 로컬 환경에서와 같은 방법으로 WebDriver를 원격으로 사용할 수도 있습니다. 중요한 차이점은 다른 장치에서 작업을 수행하기 위해 원격 WebDriver가 구성되어있어야 한다는 점입니다.\n원격 WebDrive는 두 가지 요소로 이루어져 있습니다: 클라이언트 그리고 서버. 클라이언트는 당신의 WebDriver teset이며 서버는 간단한 Java servlet의 일종이고 JEE app 서버에 호스팅될 수 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions. Note: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"성능 테스트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium과 WebDriver를 사용한 성능 테스트는 일반적으로 권장되지 않는다. 불가능해서가 아니라, 그것들이 성능을 테스트하는데 최적화되어 있지 않기 때문에 좋은 결과를 얻지 못 할 것이다.\n사용자의 입장에서는, 성능 테스트에 이상적으로 보일 수 있지만 WebDriver 테스트들은 내'외부의 수많은 취약점이 존재하고, 이는 사용자 본인이 직접 통제할 수 없다.\n예를 들어 브라우저 시작 속도, HTTP 서버의 속도, JavaScript 또는 CSS를 호스팅하는 타사 서버의 응답, WebDriver 구현 자체의 계측 페널티 등 이 지점들에서의 변동은 결과에 변화를 일으킬 것이다.\n웹사이트의 성능 차이를 구분하는 것은 어렵다. 외부 리소스의 성능, 특히 스크립트를 넣을 경우 브라우저에서 WebDriver를 사용할 때 성능 저하가 무엇인지 파악하기 어렵다.\n또 다른 잠재적인 매력은 \u0026ldquo;시간 절약\u0026quot;으로 — 기능 및 성능 테스트를 동시에 수행한다. 그러나 기능 테스트와 성능 테스트는 상반된 목표를 가지고 있다. 기능을 시험하기 위해 시험자는 인내심을 갖고 로드를 기다려야 할 수 있지만, 이것은 성능 시험 결과를 흐리게 할 것이고 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지일 것이다.\n웹 사이트의 성능을 향상시키려면 환경 차이와 무관하게 전체 성능을 분석하고, 잘못된 코드 관행을 식별하고, 개별 리소스(예: CSS 또는 JavaScript)의 성능을 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 이 작업을 이미 수행할 수 있고, 보고 및 분석을 제공할 수 있으며, 개선 제안도 할 수 있는 성능 테스트 도구가 있다.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http 프록시","tags":[],"description":"","content":"프록시 서버는 클라이언트와 서버 간 요청(request)을 중개하는 역할을 합니다. 즉, 트래픽이 대상 주소를 오갈 때 프록시 서버를 거쳐서 이동한다는 것입니다.\nSelenium 자동화 스크립트를 위해 프록시 서버를 구성하면 다음과 같은 이점이 있습니다.\n 네트워크 트래픽을 들여다보고 확인할 수 있습니다. 웹 사이트의 서버 호출을 모사(mock)할 수 있습니다. 복잡하게 구성된 네트워크 환경에서나 엄격한 규칙과 정책이 있는 회사에서 대상 웹 사이트에 접근할 수 있습니다.  회사 내에서 어떤 URL에 접근하는 데 실패했다면, 그 이유는 대개 프록시가 필요한 환경이기 때문일 겁니다.\nSelenium WebDriver로 다음과 같이 프록시를 설정할 수 있습니다.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # URL 열기 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # 이 코드는 Selenium 4를 사용하여 작성되었습니다. proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"링크 이동","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver를 링크를 통해 이동하는 것은 권장되는 연습이 아니다. 할 수 없어서가 아니라, WebDriver가 확실히 이것에 가장 이상적인 도구가 아니기 때문이다. WebDriver를 시작하는 데 시간이 필요하며 최대 1분까지 몇 초 정도 걸릴 수 있음 시험이 어떻게 작성되느냐에 따라, 그냥 페이지로 가서 DOM을 통과한다.\ncurl명령어를 실행하거나, BeautifulSoup과 같은 라이브러리를 사용함으로써, browser를 만들고 페이지로 이동하는데 의존하지 않는 방법이기에 WebDriver를 사용하는 것보다 더 많은 시간을 절약할 수 있다. 당신은 이 작업에 WebDriver를 사용하지 않음으로써 많은 시간을 절약하고 있다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/","title":"좋지 않은 관행","tags":[],"description":"","content":"좋지 않은 관행 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/","title":"조합 격자(Grid)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver idiosyncrasies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Driver idiosyncrasies "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/","title":"레거시","tags":[],"description":"","content":"레거시 이 섹션에는 Selenium의 레거시 항목에 관한 문서들이 있습니다. 이 문서들은 순전히 기록을 남기기 위한 용도로 작성된 것이며, 더 이상 사용되지 않는(deprecated) 컴포넌트들의 사용을 독려하기 위한 것이 아닙니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/","title":"Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트 Selenium은 웹 브라우저의 자동화를 가능하게 하고 지원하는 다양한 도구와 라이브러리를 포함한 프로젝트입니다.\n브라우저와의 사용자 간의 상호 작용을 테스트하는 확장 기능, 브라우저 할당 확장을 위한 배포 서버, 모든 주요 웹 브라우저에 적용 가능한 코드를 작성할 수 있는 W3C WebDriver 사양 구현을 위한 인프라를 제공합니다.\n이 프로젝트는 스스로 수천 시간을 기여해준 기여자들이, 누구나 자유롭게 사용하고, 즐기고, 개선할 수 있도록 소스 코드를 제공해주었기에 가능했습니다.\nSelenium은 브라우저 공급 업체, 엔지니어, 매니아를 모아 웹 플랫폼 자동화에 대한 공개 토론을 진행합니다. 이 프로젝트 매년 컨퍼런스를 개최하여 커뮤니티를 육성하고 가르침을 전합니다.\nSelenium의 핵심은 WebDriver 입니다. 이는 다양한 브라우저에서 호환 가능한 지시사항을 작성할 수 있는 인터페이스라 할 수 있습니다. 다음은 가장 간단한 지시사항 예시입니다:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     이 코드를 실행할 때의 동작 원리에 대한 전체적인 설명은 퀵 투어 를 참고하십시오. Selenium 설치 방법과 자동화 툴로써 활용하는 방안에 대해 더 알아보고 싶다면 narrative documentation 를 참고하십시오. 이를 통해 Selenium을 테스트 자동화 툴로써 성공적으로 활용하여, 간단한 테스트를 제작하고 다양한 브라우저와 운영체제 환경에서 실행할 수 있습니다.\n시작하기 Selenium을 처음 사용해보신다면, 빠른 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있는 몇 가지 문서를 참조하세요.\n 퀵 투어  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/contributing/","title":"Selenium 사이트와 문서에 기여하기","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium은 거대한 소프트웨어 프로젝트로, 사이트와 문서는 작동 원리를 이해하고 잠재력을 효과적으로 활용하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.\n이 프로젝트는 Selenium 사이트와 문서를 담고 있습니다. 여기엔 Selenium을 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 업데이트 정보를 제공하고, 어떻게 참여하고 기여할 수 있는지에 대한 지속적인 노력이 모여 있습니다.\n사이트와 문서에 기여하기 위한 방법은 아래 기술된 과정을 따릅니다. 여러분은 익숙해질 때 까지 더 보기를 충분한 시간을 들여 읽어보시고 바랍니다.\n Selenium은 여러분의 기여를 환영합니다. 기여하는 방법은 여러 가지가 있습니다:\n이슈 제기하기 새로운 이슈를 제기하거나 기존 이슈에 코멘트를 남길 때, 논의 내용이 Selenium 소프트웨어, 사이트 또는 문서의 구체적인 기술적인 문제와 관련이 있는지 확인해주시기 바랍니다.\nSelenium의 모든 구성요소는 빠르게 변하기 때문에, 문서 내용이 업데이트 이전의 내용일 수도 있습니다. 이런 경우를 발견하신다면, 주저하지 마시고 이슈를 제기해주시기 바랍니다. 문서 내용을 직접 최신화하실 수 있다면, 변경 내용에 대한 pull request를 해주시기 바랍니다.\n만약 여러분이 발견한 것이 이슈인지 아닌지 헷갈리신다면, 다음의 커뮤니케이션 채널을 통해 질문해주시기 바랍니다. https://selenium.dev/support.\n기여하기 Selenium 프로젝트는 새로운 기여자를 환영합니다. 꾸준히 중요하고 가치가 높은 기여를 해주신 기여자는 Committers 가 되어 프로젝트에 커밋 접근 권한을 갖게 됩니다.\n아래 가이드는 여러분에게 기여하는 과정을 안내합니다.\n1 단계: Fork 프로젝트를 Github 에서 Fork 하시고, 로컬에 복사되었는지 확인하세요.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 의존성: Hugo 우리는 Hugo 를 사용해 사이트와 문서를 빌드하고 렌더링합니다. 바뀐 내용을 커밋하기 전에 로컬에서 확인하기 위해, Hugo 설치 하고, 익숙해지셨다면 로컬 서버 실행 를 통해 사이트를 렌더링해 확인해주시기 바랍니다. 자세한 설명은 다음 단계에서 보실 수 있습니다.\n2 단계: Branch 기능을 추가한 branch를 생성하고 개발을 시작하세요:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 우리는 HEAD-based development 지향하고 있으며, 모든 변경사항은 trunk에 바로 적용됩니다.\n3 단계: Make changes Repository는 사이트와 문서의 서로 다른 2개의 Hugo 프로젝트로 구성되어 있습니다. 사이트를 변경하시려면 site_source_files 디렉토리에서 작업해주시기 바랍니다. 변경된 모습을 미리 보시려면 사이트의 루트 디렉토리에서 hugo server 를 실행하시면 됩니다.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server 문서를 변경하시려면, docs_source_files 디렉토리로 변경하시기 바랍니다.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server 문서는 다양한 언어로 번역되어 있으며, 번역은 영문에 기반을 두고 있습니다. 문서를 변경할 때는, 다른 모든 번역 문서도 변경해야 하는 점을 반드시 유의 해주시기 바랍니다. 이는 어떤 부분을 변경하느냐에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다, 예를 들어:\n 만약 여러분이 browser_manipulation.en.md 파일에 코드 예제를 추가했다면, browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, 그리고 다른 모든 번역 문서에도 추가해주셔야 합니다. 만약 여러분이 번역 문서의 개선사항을 발견했다면, 해당 번역 문서만 변경하시면 됩니다. 만약 여러분이 새로운 언어의 번역을 추가하고자 한다면, 알맞은 접미사 파일명의 문서를 추가해주셔야 합니다. PR을 할 때, 모든 문서가 번역되어있을 필요는 없습니다, 번역은 때마다 반복적으로 하셔도 됩니다. config.toml 파일에 필요한 설정값을 잊지 마시고 확인해주시기 바랍니다. 만약 여러분이 영문 문서에 내용을 바꿨다면, 다른 번역 문서의 같은 부분에 변경된 내용(영어로)을 넣어주시기고, 문서의 최상단부에 아래와 같은 알림을 추가해주시기 바랍니다.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} 4 단계: Commit 먼저 git에 이름과 이메일 주소를 입력하시기 바랍니다:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; 적절한 커밋 메시지를 쓰는 것이 중요합니다. 커밋 메세지는 무엇이, 왜 변경되었는지 설명해야 하며, 수정된 이슈들을 언급해야 합니다(만약에 있다면). 작성할 때 이 가이드라인들을 따르시기 바랍니다.\n 첫 줄은 50자 내외 혹은 그 이하이어야 하며 변경 사항의 짧은 설명을 포함해야 합니다. 두 번째 줄은 공백으로 두시기 바랍니다. 다른 모든 줄은 72자 내로 작성하십시오. N 이 수정사항을 커밋한 이슈 번호인, Fixes #N을 포함하십시오.  좋은 커밋 메세지는 이렇습니다:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 첫 줄은 사람들이 git shortlog 나 git log --oneline 을 실행하면 보는 것이기 때문에 의미있어야합니다.\n5 단계 : Rebase 작업을 동기화하려면 git rebase를 사용하십시오. (git merge가 아니라)\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk 6 단계: 테스트 항상 로컬 서버를 실행하는 것을 기억하십시오. 그러면 당신의 변경 사항들이 아무것도 안 건드리고 안전합니다.\n7 단계 : Push % git push origin my-feature-branch https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git 에서 Pull Request 를 누르고 형식을 채우시기 바랍니다. CLA에 서명했는지 나타내주시길 바랍니다 (7 단계 참고)\nPull request 는 몇 일 내에 확인됩니다. 주소에 코멘트들이 있다면, 새로운 커밋에 변경 사항(가급적 fixups)을 적용하고 같은 branch 에 push 해주시기 바랍니다.\n8 단계 : Integration 코드 확인이 완료되었으면, committer는 당신의 PR을 저장소의 trunk branch에 통합할 것입니다. 왜냐하면 우리는 trunk branch에 순차적인 이력을 유지하고 싶기 때문에, 우리는 당신의 branch 이력은 squash나 rebase 할 것입니다.\n커뮤니케이션 프로젝트 기여자들과 커뮤니티와 어떻게 소통할지에 대한 자세한 사항은 https://selenium.dev/support 에서 찾을 수 있습니다.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 23b90b4bd755..e2e177b5e2fe 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-그렇지 않다면, 자유롭게 문제를 제기하면 됩니다.</p><p>많은 커뮤니티 구성원들이 셀레니움 Libera 채널 <a href=https://libera.chat/>Libera.chat</a> 을 방문합니다.<br>언제든지 방문하여 질문해 주세요.<br>만약 당신이 이 문서들 중에서 유용한 도음을 받는다면, 이 문서에 기여해주세요!<br>일반적인 커밋보다는 문서를 업데이트하는 것이 훨씬 쉽습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“이 문서에 대하여”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="테스트의 종류"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+그렇지 않다면, 자유롭게 문제를 제기하면 됩니다.</p><p>많은 커뮤니티 구성원들이 셀레니움 Libera 채널 <a href=https://libera.chat/>Libera.chat</a> 을 방문합니다.<br>언제든지 방문하여 질문해 주세요.<br>만약 당신이 이 문서들 중에서 유용한 도음을 받는다면, 이 문서에 기여해주세요!<br>일반적인 커밋보다는 문서를 업데이트하는 것이 훨씬 쉽습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“이 문서에 대하여”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="테스트의 종류"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class="dd-item
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/introduction/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 소개</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=소개>소개</h1><p>셀레니움(Selenium)은 웹브라우저를 자동화할 수 있게 돕는 일련의 도구 모음인 엄브렐라 프로젝트(umbrella project) 중 일부입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>“소개”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/introduction/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 소개</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=소개>소개</h1><p>셀레니움(Selenium)은 웹브라우저를 자동화할 수 있게 돕는 일련의 도구 모음인 엄브렐라 프로젝트(umbrella project) 중 일부입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>“소개”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
index 4d9c6b641c44..14a3bca0427e 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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@@ -339,5 +339,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75>// object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare
 </span><span style=color:#586e75>// them with the fields on the page.
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>assertTrue(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact&#34;</span>, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>테스터는 여전히 이 코드에서 유니콘에 대해 아무것도 하지 않고 있습니다. buttons, locators, 브라우저 컨트롤도 없습니다. 애플리케이션을 모델링하는 이 방법을 사용하면 다음 주에 Larry가 Ruby-on-Rails를 더 이상 좋아하지 않는다고 결정하고 Fortran 프런트 엔드로 최신 Haskell 바인딩에서 전체 사이트를 다시 구현하기로 결정하더라도 테스트 레벨 명령을 그대로 유지할 수 있습니다.</p><p>페이지 객체는 사이트 재설계를 준수하기 위해 약간의 유지보수가 필요하지만, 이러한 테스트는 그대로 유지됩니다. 이 기본 설계를 사용하면 브라우저 지향 단계를 최소화하면서 workflows를 계속 진행할 수 있습니다. 다음 workflows에는 쇼핑 카트에 유니콘을 추가하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 카트의 상태를 올바르게 유지하기 위해 이 테스트를 여러 번 반복해야 할 것입니다. 시작하기 전에 카트에 유니콘이 한 개 이상 있습니까? 쇼핑 카트에 몇 개나 들어갈 수 있나요? 이름 및/또는 기능이 같은 두 개 이상 생성될 경우 중단됩니까? 기존 항목만 유지할 것입니까, 아니면 다른 항목만 추가할 것입니까?</p><p>Workflow를 이동할 때마다 계정을 생성하고 사용자로 로그인하고 유니콘을 구성할 필요가 없습니다. 이상적으로 계정을 생성하고 API 또는 데이터베이스를 통해 유니콘을 미리 구성할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 사용자로 로그인하여 스파클을 찾은 다음 카트에 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.</p><h3 id=자동화를-할까요-말까요>자동화를 할까요, 말까요?</h3><p>자동화가 항상 유리할까요? 언제 테스트 케이스를 자동화하기로 결정해야 할까요?</p><p>테스트 사례를 자동화하는 것이 항상 유리한 것은 아닙니다. 수동 테스트가 더 적절할 수 있는 경우가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 애플리케이션의 사용자 인터페이스가 가까운 시일에 크게 변화할 경우, 모든 자동화를 다시 작성해야 할 수 있습니다. 또한 테스트 자동화를 구축하기 위한 시간이 충분하지 않은 경우도 있습니다. 단기적으로는 수동 시험이 더 효과적일 수 있습니다. 애플리케이션의 마감 시간이 매우 빠듯할 경우, 현재 사용 가능한 테스트 자동화가 없으며, 반드시 해당 기간 내에 테스트를 수행해야 합니다. 따라서 이 때는 수동 테스트가 가장 적합한 솔루션입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/>“테스트 자동화”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="테스트의 종류" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>테스터는 여전히 이 코드에서 유니콘에 대해 아무것도 하지 않고 있습니다. buttons, locators, 브라우저 컨트롤도 없습니다. 애플리케이션을 모델링하는 이 방법을 사용하면 다음 주에 Larry가 Ruby-on-Rails를 더 이상 좋아하지 않는다고 결정하고 Fortran 프런트 엔드로 최신 Haskell 바인딩에서 전체 사이트를 다시 구현하기로 결정하더라도 테스트 레벨 명령을 그대로 유지할 수 있습니다.</p><p>페이지 객체는 사이트 재설계를 준수하기 위해 약간의 유지보수가 필요하지만, 이러한 테스트는 그대로 유지됩니다. 이 기본 설계를 사용하면 브라우저 지향 단계를 최소화하면서 workflows를 계속 진행할 수 있습니다. 다음 workflows에는 쇼핑 카트에 유니콘을 추가하는 작업이 포함됩니다. 카트의 상태를 올바르게 유지하기 위해 이 테스트를 여러 번 반복해야 할 것입니다. 시작하기 전에 카트에 유니콘이 한 개 이상 있습니까? 쇼핑 카트에 몇 개나 들어갈 수 있나요? 이름 및/또는 기능이 같은 두 개 이상 생성될 경우 중단됩니까? 기존 항목만 유지할 것입니까, 아니면 다른 항목만 추가할 것입니까?</p><p>Workflow를 이동할 때마다 계정을 생성하고 사용자로 로그인하고 유니콘을 구성할 필요가 없습니다. 이상적으로 계정을 생성하고 API 또는 데이터베이스를 통해 유니콘을 미리 구성할 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 사용자로 로그인하여 스파클을 찾은 다음 카트에 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.</p><h3 id=자동화를-할까요-말까요>자동화를 할까요, 말까요?</h3><p>자동화가 항상 유리할까요? 언제 테스트 케이스를 자동화하기로 결정해야 할까요?</p><p>테스트 사례를 자동화하는 것이 항상 유리한 것은 아닙니다. 수동 테스트가 더 적절할 수 있는 경우가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 애플리케이션의 사용자 인터페이스가 가까운 시일에 크게 변화할 경우, 모든 자동화를 다시 작성해야 할 수 있습니다. 또한 테스트 자동화를 구축하기 위한 시간이 충분하지 않은 경우도 있습니다. 단기적으로는 수동 시험이 더 효과적일 수 있습니다. 애플리케이션의 마감 시간이 매우 빠듯할 경우, 현재 사용 가능한 테스트 자동화가 없으며, 반드시 해당 기간 내에 테스트를 수행해야 합니다. 따라서 이 때는 수동 테스트가 가장 적합한 솔루션입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/>“테스트 자동화”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="테스트의 종류" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 오픈소스 프로젝트인 만큼, 이 지원은 각자의 일이 있는 수많은 기여자들의 아낌없는 시간 기부를 통해 제공됩니다.</p><p>이 프로젝트의 또 다른 임무는 더 많은 기여자들이 이 노력에 합세하여 더 강력한 커뮤니티를 구축하고, 프로젝트가 새로운 기술을 계속 유지하여 기능 테스트 자동화를 위한 주요 플랫폼으로 남아 있는 것입니다.</p><h3 id=역사>역사</h3><p>Selenium 1이 출시 되었던 2004년에는, 웹 응용프로그램의 프론트-엔드에서 일관된 동작을 수동으로 확인하는 데 소요되는 시간을 줄일 필요가 없었습니다. 버전 1은 그 당시 사용가능한 도구를 이용하여 사용자의 상호작용을 모방하기 위해 시험 중인 웹 페이지에 JavaScript를 주입하는 것에 크게 의존했습니다.</p><p>JavaScript는 DOM의 속성을 조사하고, 특정 클라이언트측을 관찰할 수 있는 좋은 도구이지만, 마우스와 키보드를 사용하는 것처럼 사용자의 상호작용을 자연스럽게 복제할 수 있는 능력은 부족합니다.</p><p>그 이후로, Selenium은 많이 발전하고 성숙해졌습니다.
 —전 세계 대부분의 거대 조직은 아니지만— 많은 사람들이 널리 사용하는 도구로 성장했습니다.
 Selenium 은 틈새시장의 잠재 고객들과 특정한 사용 사례를 위해 Thinkworks에서 개발한 가정용 테스트 자동화 툴킷에서, <em>사실상</em> 세계 최고의 브라우저 자동화 라이브러리로 발전했습니다..</p><p>Selenium RC 당시 이용가능한 거래 도구를 활용한 것처럼, <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/>Selenium WebDriver</a>는 브라우저 공급 업체의 앞마당을 사용하듯 브라우저 상호 작용 부분이 백-엔드 브라우저를 향한 구현을 책임지도록 요구함으로써 전통을 이어갑니다.
-최근 이 작업은 W3C 표준화 프로세스로 발전하여, Selenium의 WebDriver 구성 요소를 사용자 에이전트를 위한 <em>오늘날의</em> 원격 제어 라이브러리로 전환하는 것이 목표입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ title=소개><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="테스트 자동화" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+최근 이 작업은 W3C 표준화 프로세스로 발전하여, Selenium의 WebDriver 구성 요소를 사용자 에이전트를 위한 <em>오늘날의</em> 원격 제어 라이브러리로 전환하는 것이 목표입니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/ title=소개><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="테스트 자동화" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 이는 다음과 같은 질문에 대한 답을 제공하는 검증 활동입니다.</p><blockquote><p>우리가 제품을 <strong><em>올바르게</em></strong> 만들고 있나요?.</p></blockquote><p>여기에는 일반적으로 오류(404, exceptions 등&mldr;) 없이, 사용하능한 방법으로,<br>접근 가능하고 규격에 부합하는 테스트(위의 <strong><em>적합 테스트</em></strong> 참고)가 포함됩니다.</p><p>웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 이 테스트의 자동하는 예상 리턴값을<br>시뮬레이션 하여 Selenium과 직접 수행될 수 있습니다.<br>이 시뮬레이션은 기록/재생 또는 이 문서에 설명된 지원하는 다른 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 수행될 수 있습니다.</p><h3 id=성능-테스트>성능 테스트</h3><p>이름에서 알 수 있듯이, 성능 테스트가 수행됩니다.
 응용 프로그램이 얼마나 제기능을 잘 수행하는지 측정합니다.</p><p>성능 테스트를 위한 두 가지 주요 하위 유형이 있습니다:</p><h4 id=로드-테스트>로드 테스트</h4><p>로드 테스트는 애플리케이션이 서로 다르게 정의된 부하(보통 한 번에 연결된 특정 사용자 수)
 에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 검증하기 위해 수행됩니다.</p><h4 id=스트레스-테스트>스트레스 테스트</h4><p>스트레스 테스트는 애플리케이션이 스트레스(또는 최대 부하 이상)<br>에서 얼마나 잘 작동하는지 확인하기 위해 수행됩니다.</p><p>이 작업은 일반적으로 메트릭스를 검색하는 다른 도구에 의해 수행됩니다.<br>예를들어, <strong><em>JMeter</em></strong> 가 그러한 도구 중 하나가 될 수 있습니다..</p><p>웹 애플리케이션의 경우, 측정해야 할 세부 정보에는 처리량, 지연 시간, 데이터 손설, 개별 구성 요소 로딩 시간 등이 있습니다.</p><p>참고 1: 모든 브라우저의 개발자 도구 섹션에 성능 탭이 있습니다. (F12를 눌러 접근합니다.)</p><p>참고 2: 기능/비기능 시스템별로 일반적으로 측정되므로, 이는 비기능성 시험의 하위 유형입니다.</p><h3 id=회귀-테스트>회귀 테스트</h3><p>이 테스트는 일반적으로 변경, 수정 또는 기능 추가 후에 수행됩니다.</p><p>변경으로 인해 기존 기능이 손상되지 않았는지 확인하기 위해 이미 실행된 일부 테스트를 다시 실행합니다.</p><p>재실행 테스트 집합은 전체 또는 부분적일 수 있으며,<br>애플리케이션 및 개발 팀에 따라 몇 가지 다른 유형을 포함할 수 있습니다.</p><h3 id=테스트-주도-개발-tddtest-driven-development>테스트 주도 개발 (TDD;Test-driven Development)</h3><p>TDD는 테스트 유형 자체가 아니라, 테스트가 기능의 디자인을 주도하는 반복적인 개발 방법론입니다.</p><p>각 사이클은 기능이 최종적으로 통과해야 하는 장치 테스트 집합을 생성하는 것으로 시작합니다.<br>(첫 번째 실행 시 실패해야 합니다.)</p><p>그 후, 테스트를 통과하기 위한 개발이 이루어집니다.<br>테스트는 다시 실행되어 다른 사이클을 시작하고, 이 프로세스는 모든 테스트가 통과될 때까지 계속됩니다.</p><p>이는 결함이 조기에 발견될수록 비용이 덜 든다는 사실에 근거하여 애플리케이션의 개발을 가속화하기 위한 것입니다.</p><h3 id=행위-주도-개발-bddbehavior-driven-development>행위 주도 개발 (BDD;Behavior-driven development)</h3><p>BDD는 위의 TDD에 기초한 반복적인 개발 방법론으로서,<br>애플리케이션 개발에 모든 당사자를 참여시키는 것을 목표로 합니다.</p><p>각 사이클은 실패해야 하는 몇 가지 사양을 작성하여 시작합니다.<br>그런 다음 실패한 단위 테스트(이 또한 실패해야 합니다.)를 작성하고 개발을 수행하십시오.</p><p>이 사이클은 모든 유형의 시험이 통과할 때까지 반복됩니다.</p><p>이를 위해 명세언어(Specification language)가 사용됩니다.<br>모든 당사자가 이해할 수 있어야하며 단순하고 표준이며 명시적이어야 합니다.<br>대부분의 도구는 명세언어로 <strong><em>Gherkin</em></strong> 을 사용합니다.</p><p>사양을 작성하고 코드 기능을 일치시키기 위해 <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> 나 <strong><em>SpecFlow</em></strong> 와 같은 도구를 사용할 수 있습니다.</p><p>BDD 사양을 실행 가능한 코드로 직접 변환하여 이 프로세스를 더욱 빠르게 수행할 수 있도록
-Selenium에 <strong><em>JBehave</em></strong>, <strong><em>Capybara</em></strong> 나 <strong><em>Robot Framework</em></strong> 와 같은 도구 세트가 구축되어 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/>“테스트의 종류”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="테스트 자동화"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="이 문서에 대하여" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Selenium에 <strong><em>JBehave</em></strong>, <strong><em>Capybara</em></strong> 나 <strong><em>Robot Framework</em></strong> 와 같은 도구 세트가 구축되어 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/types_of_testing/>“테스트의 종류”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="테스트 자동화"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="이 문서에 대하여" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -151,5 +151,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/index.html
index f0fa2e9e0d44..00193643a134 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/>Français</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/legacy_docs/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 레거시</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=레거시>레거시</h1><p>이 섹션에는 Selenium의 레거시 항목에 관한 문서들이 있습니다. 이 문서들은 순전히 기록을 남기기 위한 용도로 작성된 것이며, 더 이상 사용되지 않는(deprecated) 컴포넌트들의 사용을 독려하기 위한 것이 아닙니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/>“레거시”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index a40475c694e6..be8d8574e1be 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -199,5 +199,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Notice how the passed in &ldquo;element&rdquo; variable appears as the first item
 in the JS standard &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; array.</p><h3 id=executing-javascript-doesnt-return-anything>Executing Javascript Doesn&rsquo;t Return Anything</h3><p>WebDriver&rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the &ldquo;return&rdquo; keyword:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>becomes:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 5f67fd56bcb6..4dbbbbfc8049 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver server :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -143,5 +143,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
 <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index 98060731fc60..9e9dc99052c9 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
-field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 24790b1edbea..972a2d0d7e03 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -1006,5 +1006,5 @@
 you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative
 locator that only works in IE.</p><h3 id=error-encountered---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-with-shut-down-of--googlechrome--browser>Error encountered - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=error-encountered-in-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Error encountered in IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker
-AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/ title=레거시><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/ title=레거시><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/index.html
index d18a4aa24afe..1caa69b4fc66 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Remote WebDriver :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/remote_webdriver/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/remote_webdriver/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Remote WebDriver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=remote-webdriver>Remote WebDriver</h1><p>로컬 환경에서와 같은 방법으로 WebDriver를 원격으로 사용할 수도 있습니다.
 중요한 차이점은 다른 장치에서 작업을 수행하기 위해 원격 WebDriver가 구성되어있어야 한다는 점입니다.</p><p>원격 WebDrive는 두 가지 요소로 이루어져 있습니다: 클라이언트 그리고 서버.
-클라이언트는 당신의 WebDriver teset이며 서버는 간단한 Java servlet의 일종이고 JEE app 서버에 호스팅될 수 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+클라이언트는 당신의 WebDriver teset이며 서버는 간단한 Java servlet의 일종이고 JEE app 서버에 호스팅될 수 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 725cc3c2986d..cb516eb85caa 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -381,5 +381,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
index c1d56574e17a..6989121bf850 100644
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+++ b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -115,5 +115,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>Ruby를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 gem으로 설치할 수 있습니다.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>자바스크립트를 위한 Selenium 라이브러리는 npm으로 설치할 수 있습니다.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Kotlin을 위한 네이티브 언어 바인딩이 없기 때문에, 자바 바인딩을 사용해야 합니다. e.g. 메이븐 <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Selenium 라이브러리 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="웹드라이버 바이너리 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Kotlin을 위한 네이티브 언어 바인딩이 없기 때문에, 자바 바인딩을 사용해야 합니다. e.g. 메이븐 <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Selenium 라이브러리 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="웹드라이버 바이너리 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index 9b1ea388f457..e5fae9ff4434 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“독립형 서버 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="웹드라이버 바이너리 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 시작하기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“독립형 서버 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="웹드라이버 바이너리 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 시작하기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index 1dc718f3658e..f4031a3edbca 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 를 다운로드하고,
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/>시스템 경로</a>에 위치하세요.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“웹드라이버 바이너리 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Selenium 라이브러리 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="독립형 서버 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/>시스템 경로</a>에 위치하세요.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“웹드라이버 바이너리 설치”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Selenium 라이브러리 설치"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="독립형 서버 설치" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml b/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml
index f585483e5736..4c4020806e66 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml
+++ b/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml
@@ -1 +1 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
index cf3661a6a197..7f653a9b2f97 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -493,5 +493,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/ title=레거시 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/ title=레거시 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/index.html
index 2712c578e654..7ba7e3a8a505 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/support_packages/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Support packages</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
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-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=support-packages>Support packages</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>“Support packages”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=support-packages>Support packages</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>“Support packages”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specific capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index 61b520fbdede..2a7c0bc93ebf 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -1196,5 +1196,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“마우스 동작 세부 사항”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“마우스 동작 세부 사항”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 3468927cde0e..c7188f2b1958 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with colours :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -328,5 +328,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index 305852fa78ba..ed69f3450301 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with cookies :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with cookies :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -808,5 +808,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="마우스 동작 세부 사항"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="마우스 동작 세부 사항"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index e18f73349160..20b373e93e3d 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -396,5 +396,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="마우스 동작 세부 사항" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="마우스 동작 세부 사항" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/tags/index.html b/documentation/ko/tags/index.html
index c271fbe003f9..27698d2a19f1 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/tags/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 54926e1059b7..e71eb14afed8 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver Bidi APIs :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Element 찾기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Element 찾기"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 32213345583e..075c3840dc7e 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Browser manipulation :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -1443,5 +1443,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode29 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="드라이버 요구사항"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Element 찾기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="드라이버 요구사항"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Element 찾기" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index becf756590ec..9d3d595ea845 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>드라이버 요구사항 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -536,5 +536,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>import</span> org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>iOS에서 Safari 자동화를 원하는 사용자는 <a href=///appium.io/>Appium project</a>를 참조해야 합니다. 이전에는 Windows용 Safari를 사용할 수 있었지만, 오랫동안 중단된 Apple의 지원으로 인해 Safari의 시험용 플랫폼으로서의 가치가 낮아졌습니다.</p><h2 id=mock-browsers>Mock browsers</h2><h3 id=htmlunit>HtmlUnit</h3><p>HTMLUnit은 &ldquo;Java 프로그램을 위한 GUI-Less 브라우저"입니다. 이는 HTML 문서를 모델링하고 페이지 호출, 양식 작성, 클릭링크 등이 가능한 API를 제공합니다. 또한 JavaScript 지원 기능이 있으며, 사용되는 구성에 따라 Chrome, Firefox 또는 Internet Explorer를 시뮬레이션하여 AJAX 라이브러리와 작업할 수 있습니다. 이것은 <a href=http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/gettingStarted.html>new location</a>)로 옮겨졌으며, 소스는 svn으로 유지됩니다.</p><h3 id=phantomjs>PhantomJS</h3><p>PhantomJS는 Google Chrome이나 Safari가 사용하는 것 보다 훨씬 오래된 버전의 Webkit을 기반으로 한 헤드리스 브라우저입니다. 역사적으로 대중적인 선택이었지만, 이제 이 프로젝트는 유지되지 않으므로 PhantomJS를 피하는 것이 현명할 것입니다. <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>since the 5th of August 2017</a>, 따라서 웹이 계속 바뀌는 동안, PhantomJS는 업데이트되지 않을 것입니다.</p><p>프로젝트의 유지 중단은 Google이 Chrome을 헤드리스로 실행할 수 있는 능력을 발표한 후였는데, 지금은 Mozilla의 Firefox도 이 기능을 제공하고 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“드라이버 요구사항”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="구성 요소 이해"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>iOS에서 Safari 자동화를 원하는 사용자는 <a href=///appium.io/>Appium project</a>를 참조해야 합니다. 이전에는 Windows용 Safari를 사용할 수 있었지만, 오랫동안 중단된 Apple의 지원으로 인해 Safari의 시험용 플랫폼으로서의 가치가 낮아졌습니다.</p><h2 id=mock-browsers>Mock browsers</h2><h3 id=htmlunit>HtmlUnit</h3><p>HTMLUnit은 &ldquo;Java 프로그램을 위한 GUI-Less 브라우저"입니다. 이는 HTML 문서를 모델링하고 페이지 호출, 양식 작성, 클릭링크 등이 가능한 API를 제공합니다. 또한 JavaScript 지원 기능이 있으며, 사용되는 구성에 따라 Chrome, Firefox 또는 Internet Explorer를 시뮬레이션하여 AJAX 라이브러리와 작업할 수 있습니다. 이것은 <a href=http://htmlunit.sourceforge.net/gettingStarted.html>new location</a>)로 옮겨졌으며, 소스는 svn으로 유지됩니다.</p><h3 id=phantomjs>PhantomJS</h3><p>PhantomJS는 Google Chrome이나 Safari가 사용하는 것 보다 훨씬 오래된 버전의 Webkit을 기반으로 한 헤드리스 브라우저입니다. 역사적으로 대중적인 선택이었지만, 이제 이 프로젝트는 유지되지 않으므로 PhantomJS를 피하는 것이 현명할 것입니다. <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>since the 5th of August 2017</a>, 따라서 웹이 계속 바뀌는 동안, PhantomJS는 업데이트되지 않을 것입니다.</p><p>프로젝트의 유지 중단은 Google이 Chrome을 헤드리스로 실행할 수 있는 능력을 발표한 후였는데, 지금은 Mozilla의 Firefox도 이 기능을 제공하고 있습니다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“드라이버 요구사항”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="구성 요소 이해"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index 49883f03b7cc..fe668dacbd34 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Http 프록시 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -204,5 +204,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http 프록시”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http 프록시”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/index.html
index f0d39f11a789..4db79907e856 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239587></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/webdriver/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > WebDriver</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=웹-드라이버web-driver>웹 드라이버(Web Driver)</h1><p>최근 셀레니움의 가장 큰 변화는 WebDriver API가 내장된 점입니다. 사용자가 로컬 또는 Selenium 서버를 사용하여 원격 컴퓨터에서 브라우저를 기본적으로 구동하는 것으로 브라우저 자동화에 큰 발전을 가져왔습니다.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver는 RC(Selenium Remote Control)와 같은 역할에 적합하며, 원래의 1.x 바인딩을 통합하였다.
 언어 바인딩과 개별 브라우저 제어 코드의 구현을 모두 말한다.
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index f657abf1f686..b0b2cddacc49 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -391,5 +391,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//확인 버튼 클릭
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 프록시" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231155></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231155></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231155></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231155></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 프록시" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index d301cca53fe3..1c9371ccae22 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Keyboard :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231155 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231155></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231155></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231155></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239586></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -582,5 +582,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239586></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239586></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239586></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239586></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index b50d3ac1ef9b..46049f3f3050 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Element 찾기 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -397,5 +397,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Element 찾기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Element 찾기”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 7bb5d7d6ffa7..0670f211aa3b 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Page loading strategy :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239586 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239586></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239586></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -407,5 +407,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 프록시"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 프록시"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 47700cb1e4e8..b6f7b8c9b919 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231156></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/support_classes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Support classes :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript의 alert, prompt, confirm 대화 상자" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index 3a42206a4f1d..fce670a06a54 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231156></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 그리고 테스트의 관련 단계. 따라서, 당신은 비슷한 것으로 생각할 수 있습니다
 다음 이미지에.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="테스트 프레임 워크"></p><p>Cucumber와 같은 자연 언어 프레임 워크 / 도구는 그 일부로 존재할 수 있습니다.
 위 그림의 테스트 프레임 워크 상자 또는 테스트 프레임 워크를 래핑 할 수 있습니다.
-전적으로 자신의 구현에.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“구성 요소 이해”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="드라이버 요구사항" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/index.html
index c09a7216452d..bf70712d3f76 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -524,5 +524,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index e4b6b719808e..538958674dd8 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web element :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231156></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231156></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231156></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Web element :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239587></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 1.27a10.68 10.68.0 01-2 .55A11.47 11.47.0 0160.62 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=검색...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -954,5 +954,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index 3ac23ab4e51c..413c059c09ca 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>자동화 튜링 테스트 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231156></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/ko/worst_practices/captchas/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/captchas/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>좋지 않은 관행</a> > 자동화 튜링 테스트</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>자동화 튜링 테스트</h1><p>캡차(CAPTCHA)는 컴퓨터와 인간을 구분하기 위한 완전 자동화된 공공 튜링 테스트(Completely Automated
 Public Turing Test to telling Computer and Humans addition)의 줄임말로, 자동화를 방지하도록 명시되어
-있으므로 시도하지 마시오! CAPTCHA 검사를 수행하기 위한 두 가지 주요 전략이 있다.</p><ul><li>테스트 환경에서 CAPTCHA 비활성화</li><li>테스트가 CAPTCHA를 우회할 수 있도록 후크 추가</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>“자동화 튜링 테스트”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="2단계 인증"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="파일 다운로드" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+있으므로 시도하지 마시오! CAPTCHA 검사를 수행하기 위한 두 가지 주요 전략이 있다.</p><ul><li>테스트 환경에서 CAPTCHA 비활성화</li><li>테스트가 CAPTCHA를 우회할 수 있도록 후크 추가</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>“자동화 튜링 테스트”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="2단계 인증"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="파일 다운로드" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
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--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>파일 다운로드 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 이것은 파일 다운로드가 웹 플랫폼과의 사용자 상호작용을 모방하는 중요한 측면으로 여겨지지 않기 때문이다.
 대신 Selenium(및 필요한 쿠키)을 사용하여 링크를 찾아 HTTP 요청 라이브러리 like <a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.에 전달하라.</p><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Korean. Do you speak Korean? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“파일 다운로드”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/ title="자동화 튜링 테스트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP 응답 코드" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“파일 다운로드”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/ title="자동화 튜링 테스트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP 응답 코드" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index ee4e8506730c..5989ea450cf2 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 더 힘든 일처럼 보일지 모르지만, 당신은 속도, 신뢰성, 그리고 안정성에 대한 보상을 받을 것이다. 반면에 웹 페이지
 및 HTMLlocators가 자주 당신의 시험 프레임워크 업데이트하는 것을 요구하기를 변화시키고 있는 API도 변경될 것 같지는 않다.</p><p>테스트의 어느 지점에서 WebDriver를 사용하여 제3자 사이트에 로그인하면 테스트가 더 길어지기 때문에
 테스트 실패의 위험이 증가한다. 일반적인 경험의 법칙은 긴 테스트가 더 취약하고 신뢰할 수 없다는 것이다.</p><p>WebDriver 구현[W3C conformant]//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html)
-또한 서비스 거부 공격이 완화될 수 있도록 <code>WebDriver</code> 속성으로 <code>navigator</code> 물체에 주석을 달아야 한다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP 응답 코드"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="실험 의존성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+또한 서비스 거부 공격이 완화될 수 있도록 <code>WebDriver</code> 속성으로 <code>navigator</code> 물체에 주석을 달아야 한다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP 응답 코드"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="실험 의존성" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index da507a50a466..148715cb886c 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>HTTP 응답 코드 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 웹 서버로부터 송수신되는 요청의 내용을 프로그램적으로 조작할 수 있는 다수의 프록시가 있다.
 프록시를 사용하면 리디렉션 응답 코드에 응답할 방법을 결정할 수 있다. 또한, 모든 브라우저가
 WebDriver에서 응답 코드를 사용할 수 있게 하는 것은 아니므로, 프록시를 사용하기로 선택하면
-모든 브라우저에 적합한 솔루션을 가질 수 있다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP 응답 코드”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="파일 다운로드"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+모든 브라우저에 적합한 솔루션을 가질 수 있다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP 응답 코드”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="파일 다운로드"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/index.html
index 56b9dbe04d0f..cbb29f3df436 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 좋지 않은 관행</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=좋지-않은-관행>좋지 않은 관행</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>“좋지 않은 관행”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="2단계 인증" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/_index.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > 좋지 않은 관행</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=좋지-않은-관행>좋지 않은 관행</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>“좋지 않은 관행”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="2단계 인증" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index 034b71c3ae37..2886acd8e6d8 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 WebDriver를 시작하는 데 시간이 필요하며 최대 1분까지 몇 초 정도 걸릴 수 있음
 시험이 어떻게 작성되느냐에 따라, 그냥 페이지로 가서 DOM을 통과한다.</p><p><a href=//curl.haxx.se/>curl</a>명령어를 실행하거나, BeautifulSoup과 같은 라이브러리를 사용함으로써,
 browser를 만들고 페이지로 이동하는데 의존하지 않는 방법이기에 WebDriver를 사용하는 것보다
-더 많은 시간을 절약할 수 있다. 당신은 이 작업에 WebDriver를 사용하지 않음으로써 많은 시간을 절약하고 있다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“링크 이동”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="성능 테스트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/ title="조합 격자(Grid)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+더 많은 시간을 절약할 수 있다. 당신은 이 작업에 WebDriver를 사용하지 않음으로써 많은 시간을 절약하고 있다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“링크 이동”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="성능 테스트"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/ title="조합 격자(Grid)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 2b9415b86dcf..73cd84db21b1 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=ko class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>성능 테스트 :: Selenium 문서</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 이것은 성능 시험 결과를 흐리게 할 것이고 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지일 것이다.</p><p>웹 사이트의 성능을 향상시키려면 환경 차이와 무관하게 전체 성능을 분석하고,
 잘못된 코드 관행을 식별하고, 개별 리소스(예: CSS 또는 JavaScript)의 성능을
 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 이 작업을 이미 수행할 수 있고, 보고 및 분석을 제공할
-수 있으며, 개선 제안도 할 수 있는 성능 테스트 도구가 있다.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“성능 테스트”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="실험 의존성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="링크 이동" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+수 있으며, 개선 제안도 할 수 있는 성능 테스트 도구가 있다.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“성능 테스트”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="실험 의존성"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="링크 이동" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index eea07e03c2d7..b467eaac821e 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/test_dependency/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/test_dependency/>日本語</option>
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-로든 <strong>정해진 순서</strong> 에 따라 실행되어질 수 있고, 단순히 성공하기 위해 다른 테스트에 의존하지 않는다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“실험 의존성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="성능 테스트" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+로든 <strong>정해진 순서</strong> 에 따라 실행되어질 수 있고, 단순히 성공하기 위해 다른 테스트에 의존하지 않는다.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“실험 의존성”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, 이메일과 Facebook logins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="성능 테스트" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index f6243c1c6c5b..49982d42f4ab 100644
--- a/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239587></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/ko";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239587></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/ title=시작하기 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>시작하기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/getting_started/quick/ title="빠르게 살펴보기" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/quick/>빠르게 살펴보기
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/ title=소개 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/>소개
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 프로젝트와 도구들
@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>좋지 않은 관행</a> > 2단계 인증</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>2단계 인증</h1><p>2FA(Two Factor Authentication)라고 알려진 2단계 인증은 인증을 위해 구글 인증기, 마이크로소프트 인증기와 같은 인증기 모바일 앱, 혹은 SMS, email 등에 의해 생성되는 1회용 비밀번호(OTP)를 사용하는 인증 방식입니다.</p><p>Selenium에서 이 인증 단계를 끊김없이, 연속적으로 자동화는 것은 큰 도전입니다. 이 과정을 자동화하는 몇가지 방법이 있습니다. 하지만 Selenium 테스트 단계 위의 또 다른 계층이 될 것이며, Selenium 테스트는 안전하지도 않을 것입니다. 그러니 2단계 인증 자동화는 피하십시오.</p><p>2단계 인증을 해결하기 위한 몇가지 옵션이 있습니다:</p><ul><li>테스트 환경의 특정 사용자를 대상으로 2단계 인증을 비활성화하여, 해당 사용자 인증 정보를 자동화에 사용합니다.</li><li>테스트 환경에서 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다.</li><li>특정 IP에서 로그인할 때 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 2단계 인증을 피하기 위해 이 방법으로 테스트 머신의 IP를 구성할 수 있습니다.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“2단계 인증”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ title="좋지 않은 관행"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/ title="자동화 튜링 테스트" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231156></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231156></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231156></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231156 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231156></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ selected>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>히스토리 삭제</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="이 페이지 편집" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication.ko.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>이 페이지 편집</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/>Selenium 브라우저 자동화 프로젝트</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>좋지 않은 관행</a> > 2단계 인증</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>2단계 인증</h1><p>2FA(Two Factor Authentication)라고 알려진 2단계 인증은 인증을 위해 구글 인증기, 마이크로소프트 인증기와 같은 인증기 모바일 앱, 혹은 SMS, email 등에 의해 생성되는 1회용 비밀번호(OTP)를 사용하는 인증 방식입니다.</p><p>Selenium에서 이 인증 단계를 끊김없이, 연속적으로 자동화는 것은 큰 도전입니다. 이 과정을 자동화하는 몇가지 방법이 있습니다. 하지만 Selenium 테스트 단계 위의 또 다른 계층이 될 것이며, Selenium 테스트는 안전하지도 않을 것입니다. 그러니 2단계 인증 자동화는 피하십시오.</p><p>2단계 인증을 해결하기 위한 몇가지 옵션이 있습니다:</p><ul><li>테스트 환경의 특정 사용자를 대상으로 2단계 인증을 비활성화하여, 해당 사용자 인증 정보를 자동화에 사용합니다.</li><li>테스트 환경에서 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다.</li><li>특정 IP에서 로그인할 때 2단계 인증을 비활성화 합니다. 2단계 인증을 피하기 위해 이 방법으로 테스트 머신의 IP를 구성할 수 있습니다.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“2단계 인증”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/ title="좋지 않은 관행"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/ title="자동화 튜링 테스트" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239587></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239587></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239587></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239587 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239587></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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-<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Blijkbaar bestaat deze pagina niet ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl>Naar startpagina</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Blijkbaar bestaat deze pagina niet ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl>Naar startpagina</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/contributing/index.html b/documentation/nl/contributing/index.html
index 4523dc5c4d99..3e7cc17ccc48 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/contributing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/contributing/index.html
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Zoeken...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -177,5 +177,5 @@
 integrate it on the repository&rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a
 linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase
 your branch history.</p><h2 id=communication>Communication</h2><p>All details on how to communicate with the project contributors
-and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and the community overall can be found at <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/contributing/>“Contributing to the Selenium Documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index 362f726c5a86..4cbd3f2b31cd 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -657,5 +657,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specifieke capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Gedeelde capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Driver specifieke capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Gedeelde capabilities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/ title="Support packages" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index 42da6b5902da..d7b79a1228d4 100644
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+++ b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
index 2115a1c022d6..fd561404ed57 100644
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+++ b/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -140,5 +140,5 @@
 may not match the values set in the browser.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks
 should be applied to <em>input type=file</em> elements. As strict interactability
 checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour
-when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Gedeelde capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver eigenschappen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specifieke capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+when using <em>Element Send Keys</em> with hidden file upload controls.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Gedeelde capabilities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver eigenschappen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Driver specifieke capabilities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index 0a93e597a082..e6a6fabf1ab4 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1296,5 +1296,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Copyright and attributions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/ title="Front matter"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Typographical conventions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/nl/front_matter/index.html
index 7d16f3666572..f8af51e0bf6b 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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--- a/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 linefeeds can be added anywhere
 that there is a break between ideas.</p><p>This can make diffs very easy to read
 when collaborating through git,
-but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Typographical conventions”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Copyright and attributions" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/nl/getting_started/index.html
index 9eb9ceca5abb..1cbc74a5a3fc 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231151></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/getting_started/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class="dd-item
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Aan de slag :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class="dd-item
 parent
 active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/getting_started/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started/_index.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Aan de slag</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=aan-de-slag>Aan de slag</h1><p>Hieronder vind je enkele links die je aan de slag helpen
-indien dit je eerste ervaring met Selenium is.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>“Aan de slag”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/ title="The Selenium Browser Automation Project"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+indien dit je eerste ervaring met Selenium is.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>“Aan de slag”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/ title="The Selenium Browser Automation Project"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/index.html
index b66674120993..25181284f139 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Korte uitleg :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link 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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 executed by the remote end.</p><p>After the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face
 the need of running your tests on multiple browser and
 operating system combinations.
-This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>“Korte uitleg”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This is where <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>Grid</a></em> comes into the picture.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>“Korte uitleg”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 8ac150355aea..43c474b03cec 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Browsers :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/>Aan de slag met WebDriver</a> > Browsers</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#algemene-browsers>Algemene browsers</a></li><li><a href=#gespecialiseerde-browsers>Gespecialiseerde browsers</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Browsers</h1><h2 id=algemene-browsers>Algemene browsers</h2><p>Selenium ondersteunt officieel volgende browsers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Beheerder</th><th>Ondersteunde versies</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>Alle versies</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 en nieuwer</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 en nieuwer</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 en nieuwer</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 en nieuwer</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 en nieuwer</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=gespecialiseerde-browsers>Gespecialiseerde browsers</h2><p>Er bestaan ook gespecialiseerde browser die enkel in ontwikkelomgevingen gebruikt
 worden. Deze kunnen ook gebruikt worden voor het automatiseren van de browser.
-Selenium biedt ondersteuning voor de volgende drivers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver</th><th>Doel</th><th>Beheerder</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator ontwikkeld door Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Aan de slag met WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Externe drivers en plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Selenium biedt ondersteuning voor de volgende drivers:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Driver</th><th>Doel</th><th>Beheerder</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Headless browser emulator ontwikkeld door Rhino</td><td>Selenium project</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Browsers”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Aan de slag met WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Externe drivers en plugins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index f3b8b19509dd..cf172fc62a35 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Aan de slag met WebDriver :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 Deze zorgt voor een transparante en gebruiksvriendelijke manier om de backend
 van de verschillende browsers aan te spreken. Hierdoor onstaat een browser en
 platform onafhankelijke oplossing.</p><p>Meer info over de drivers kan je terugvinden via
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Eigenschappen</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Aan de slag met WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Driver Eigenschappen</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Aan de slag met WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index fa8239c9c52c..be07b586d854 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Externe drivers en plugins :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 het Selenium project. De plugins die hieronder opgelijst staan, dragen niet altijd
 de Apache License v2.0. Sommige plugins vallen onder een andere gratis of open source
 licentie; anderen zijn enkel beschikbaar onder patent. Vragen in verband met licenties
-van plugins dienen gericht te worden aan de respectievelijke ontwikkelaars.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Externe drivers en plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+van plugins dienen gericht te worden aan de respectievelijke ontwikkelaars.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Browser</th><th>Latest</th><th>Change log</th><th>Issue Tracker</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Built in</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Externe drivers en plugins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Browsers><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 0aba3bfae032..350ee0253791 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Components :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes.
 A node on Windows might have the capability of
 offering Internet Explorer as a browser option,
-whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+whereas this wouldn&rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 524402d01143..ccad581365fc 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/grid/grid_3/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index ed628e399b93..55352f162c7b 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
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@@ -225,5 +225,5 @@
 both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found
 within the <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>
 repository.</p><h3 id=prerequisite>Prerequisite</h3><p>The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working.
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index a8c994efd14f..f1f34e7b7592 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Geavanceerde functies</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Geavanceerde functies</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
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-up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Geavanceerde functies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config hulp"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Waarneembaarheid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Geavanceerde functies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config hulp"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Waarneembaarheid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 984ee3073f65..e4223456c1fc 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Waarneembaarheid :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Zoeken...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Waarneembaarheid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Geavanceerde functies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Waarneembaarheid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Geavanceerde functies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 1f5e884a2c53..b8b327fa1144 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Components :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components
 together in a Standalone mode.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub is the union of the following components:</p><ul><li>Router</li><li>Distributor</li><li>Session Map</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>It enables the classic Hub & Node(s) setup.</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user&rsquo;s eyes, they are
 executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully
-functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Components”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index fdaff69dce99..0ae217d51bbb 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Config hulp”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Componenten configureren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Geavanceerde functies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“Config hulp”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Componenten configureren"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Geavanceerde functies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239581></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239581></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239581></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239581 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239581></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 66e4544a3b4c..06beb5743159 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Componenten configureren :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=configuring-components>Configuring Components</h1><p>As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role.
 Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually.
-This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Componenten configureren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config hulp" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“Componenten configureren”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title="Config hulp" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index ca9e4d64f0fe..9e19715b74d7 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -184,5 +184,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=querying-the-uri-of-each-node-and-the-grid->Querying the URI of each node and the grid :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Waarneembaarheid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Grid-eindpunten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL querying support”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Waarneembaarheid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=Grid-eindpunten style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index bf84f62738fc..03509c96c53c 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239581></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239581></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Grid-eindpunten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver eigenschappen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Grid-eindpunten”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="GraphQL querying support"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Driver eigenschappen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/index.html
index c6902c2c9e24..cff351f58e09 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 4 :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=grid-4>Grid 4</h1><p><em>Selenium Grid 4</em> is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase
 the previous version had.</p><p>Grid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order
 to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.</p><p>To get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set
-up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>“Grid 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Setting up your own"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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index d0ef6b78d9e2..2b0630e84221 100644
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@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=warning>Warning</h2><p>The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate
 firewall permissions.</p><p>Failure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:</p><ul><li>You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure</li><li>You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files</li><li>You allow third parties to run custom binaries</li></ul><p>See this blog post on <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, which gives a good
 overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Componenten configureren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Setting up your own”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Components><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title="Componenten configureren" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/index.html
index 0ae48c033fc3..f73024304068 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems,
 but will for example not manage your infrastructure,
 and might not suit your specific needs.</p><p><strong>Please note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project
-recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recommends to use <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 534a982165b8..43a62156e024 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231150></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231150></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Purposes and main functionalities :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/>Grid</a> > Purposes and main functionalities</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Purposes and main functionalities</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Purposes and main functionalities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231150></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231150></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231150></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231150 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231150></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><ul><li>Central entry point for all tests</li><li>Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run</li><li>Scaling</li><li>Running tests in parallel</li><li>Cross platform testing</li><li>Load balancing</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Purposes and main functionalities”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="When to use Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index a36916427744..af684f25e5ac 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -120,5 +120,5 @@
 parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.</p><p>Grid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow
 multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as
 this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and
-support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“When to use Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Purposes and main functionalities"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index e4579a09d778..4fdaa65800f3 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests
 pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.</p></li><li><p>Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another
 test e.g. invalid order records.</p></li><li><p>Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation
-and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and makes parallelization simpler.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Avoid sharing state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index 5251f2baf54f..d3f0f56697b6 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Consider using a fluent API :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Consider using a fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Test independency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index b83a98ce56f8..d4efa387d809 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
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@@ -154,5 +154,5 @@
 done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things
 the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests
 should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go
-about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+about it.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Domain specific language”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 752a2e548d4e..9b12b8404a13 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 at least start a new WebDriver for each test.
 For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Fresh browser per test”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index 7fcd0628a4f8..78c1d80753ef 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a
 cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for
 testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously,
-existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Generating application state”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index c4e9026a7518..eff5d07bcf53 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Improved reporting :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit
 reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration
 (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links
-for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Improved reporting”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Mock external services"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
index d94a90dd637e..1dceafe3e7c1 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Guidelines and recommendations :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations
 on how to approach functional web page automation.</p><p>This chapter records software design patterns popular
 amongst many of the users of Selenium
-that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that have proven successful over the years.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Guidelines and recommendations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Page object models" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 25bbad7aea14..e900bfcbb219 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/>Guidelines and recommendations</a> > Mock external services</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Mock external services</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve
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+the speed and stability of your tests.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/>“Mock external services”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Generating application state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Improved reporting" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -238,5 +238,5 @@
 beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the
 concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As
 was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the
-reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+reader to search for blogs on these topics.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Page object models”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Domain specific language" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index e9be2fbcf42a..f4a4640c0a0e 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Test independency :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the
 other test after publishing.</p><p>Instead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off
 within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However,
-for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+for content creation, you can still have a separate test.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Test independency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Avoid sharing state"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Consider using a fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/index.html b/documentation/nl/index.html
index 2ab8ba77bfb1..a68047655dfe 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/index.html
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231151></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>The Selenium Browser Automation Project :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -237,5 +237,5 @@
 in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers,
 on several different operating systems.</p><h2 id=getting-started>Getting started</h2><p>If you are new to Selenium,
 we have a few resources that can help you
-get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+get up to speed right away.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Quick tour</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/index.json b/documentation/nl/index.json
index e9fc099a00db..a36bc9b1c7c9 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/index.json
+++ b/documentation/nl/index.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/","title":"Aan de slag","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aan de slag Hieronder vind je enkele links die je aan de slag helpen indien dit je eerste ervaring met Selenium is.\n Korte uitleg  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Algemene browsers Selenium ondersteunt officieel volgende browsers:\n   Browser Beheerder Ondersteunde versies     Chrome Chromium Alle versies   Firefox Mozilla 54 en nieuwer   Edge Microsoft 84 en nieuwer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 en nieuwer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 en nieuwer   Safari Apple 10 en nieuwer    Gespecialiseerde browsers Er bestaan ook gespecialiseerde browser die enkel in ontwikkelomgevingen gebruikt worden. Deze kunnen ook gebruikt worden voor het automatiseren van de browser. Selenium biedt ondersteuning voor de volgende drivers:\n   Driver Doel Beheerder     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator ontwikkeld door Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, afkorting voor Completely Automated Public Turing test om computers en mensen apart te vertellen, is expliciet ontworpen om automatisering te voorkomen, dus probeer het niet! Er zijn twee primaire strategieën om CAPTCHA-controles te omzeilen:\n Schakel CAPTCHA\u0026rsquo;s uit in uw testomgeving Voeg een haak toe zodat tests de CAPTCHA kunnen omzeilen  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Config hulp","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Selenium Documentation Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEr is veel tijd en werk gestroken in het maken van deze documentatie met als doel zo correct en compleet mogelijk te zijn maar dit impliceert geen geschiktheid of garantie. Deze informatie wordt aangeboden op een \u0026ldquo;as-is\u0026rdquo; basis. De auteur en de uitgever\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. 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We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same \u0026#34;printed page\u0026#34; as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \u0026#34;License\u0026#34;); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \u0026#34;AS IS\u0026#34; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Gedeelde capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end. The remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: Bij het navigeren naar een nieuwe pagina, zal Selenium standaard wachten totdat de pagina volledig geladen is. Deze strategie werkt goed voor beginners maar kan snel resulteren in lange wachttijden op paginas die veel externe resources moeten ophalen. Het gebruik van niet-standaard laadstrategieen kan de doorlooptijd aanzienlijk versnellen maar kan eveneens flakiness introduceren doordat elementen van grootte en/of positie veranderen tijdens het laden.\nThe page load strategy bevraagt document.readyState zoals hieronder beschreven:\n   Strategie Ready State Opmerkingen     normal complete Standaard, wacht tot alle resources gedownload zijn   eager interactive DOM access is gereed, maar andere resources, zoals grafische elementen, zijn mogelijks nog niet volledig ingeladen.   none Any WebDriver houdt geen rekening met wachttijden    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installing Selenium libraries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing Selenium libraries First you need to install the Selenium bindings for your automation project. The installation process for libraries depends on the language you choose to use.\nJava Installation of Selenium libraries for Java can be done using Maven. Add the selenium-java dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; The selenium-java dependency supports running your automation project with all Selenium supported browsers. If you want to run tests only in a specific browser, you can add the dependency for that browser in your pom.xml file. For example, you should add following dependency in your pom.xml file to run your tests only in Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; In a similar manner, if you want to run tests only in Chrome, you should add the following dependency:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Installation of Selenium libraries for Python can be done using pip:\npip install selenium Alternatively you can download the PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) and install it using setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# Installation of Selenium libraries for C# can be done using NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/","title":"Korte uitleg","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is niet enkel een instrument of API, het bestaat uit verschillende instrumenten.\nWebDriver Als je begint met het automatiseren van websites, dan zul je de WebDriver API\u0026rsquo;s gebruiken. WebDriver gebruikt automatisatie API\u0026rsquo;s die door de browsers zelf worden aangeboden. Laatstgenoemden worden gebruikt om de browser aan te sturen. Op die manier word een echte gebruiker gesimuleerd.WebDriver staat los van de applicatieve code en is daarom niet-intrusief. Zo test je dezelfde applicatie als diegene die live staat.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Chrome and Firefox extension and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It records the users actions in the browser for you, using existing Selenium commands, with parameters defined by the context of that element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nGrid Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Purposes and main functionalities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n  Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"The Selenium project and tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium controls web browsers Selenium is many things but at its core, it is a toolset for web browser automation that uses the best techniques available to remotely control browser instances and emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser.\nIt allows users to simulate common activities performed by end-users; entering text into fields, selecting drop-down values and checking boxes, and clicking links in documents. It also provides many other controls such as mouse movement, arbitrary JavaScript execution, and much more.\nAlthough used primarily for front-end testing of websites, Selenium is at its core a browser user agent library. The interfaces are ubiquitous to their application, which encourages composition with other libraries to suit your purpose.\nOne interface to rule them all One of the project\u0026rsquo;s guiding principles is to support a common interface for all (major) browser technologies. Web browsers are incredibly complex, highly engineered applications, performing their operations in completely different ways but which frequently look the same while doing so. Even though the text is rendered in the same fonts, the images are displayed in the same place and the links take you to the same destination. What is happening underneath is as different as night and day. Selenium “abstracts” these differences, hiding their details and intricacies from the person writing the code. This allows you to write several lines of code to perform a complicated workflow, but these same lines will execute on Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, and all other supported browsers.\nTools and support Selenium\u0026rsquo;s minimalist design approach gives it the versatility to be included as a component in bigger applications. The surrounding infrastructure provided under the Selenium umbrella gives you the tools to put together your grid of browsers so tests can be run on different browsers and multiple operating systems across a range of machines.\nImagine a bank of computers in your server room or data center all firing up browsers at the same time hitting your site\u0026rsquo;s links, forms, and tables—testing your application 24 hours a day. Through the simple programming interface provided for the most common languages, these tests will run tirelessly in parallel, reporting back to you when errors occur.\nIt\u0026rsquo;s an aim to help make this a reality for you, by providing users with tools and documentation to not only control browsers, but to make it easy to scale and deploy such grids.\nWho uses Selenium Many of the most important companies in the world have adopted Selenium for their browser-based testing, often replacing years-long efforts involving other proprietary tools. As it has grown in popularity, so have its requirements and challenges multiplied.\nAs the web becomes more complicated and new technologies are added to websites, it\u0026rsquo;s the mission of this project to keep up with them where possible. Being an open source project, this support is provided through the generous donation of time from many volunteers, every one of which has a “day job”.\nAnother mission of the project is to encourage more volunteers to partake in this effort, and build a strong community so that the project can continue to keep up with emerging technologies and remain a dominant platform for functional test automation.\nHistory When Selenium 1 was released in 2004, it was out of the necessity to reduce time spent manually verifying consistent behaviour in the front-end of a web application. It made use of what tools were available at the time and relied heavily on the injection of JavaScript to the web page under test to emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction.\nWhilst JavaScript is a good tool to let you introspect the properties of the DOM and to do certain client-side observations that you would otherwise not be able to do, it falls short on the ability to naturally replicate a user\u0026rsquo;s interactions as if the mouse and keyboard are being used.\nSince then, Selenium has grown and matured a lot, into a tool widely used by many—if not most—of the largest organisations around the world. Selenium has gone from a homebrewed test automation toolkit developed at Thoughtworks for a niché audience and a specific use case, to the world\u0026rsquo;s de facto browser automation library.\nJust as Selenium RC made use of the tools of the trade available at the time, Selenium WebDriver drives that tradition on by taking the browser interaction part to the browser vendor\u0026rsquo;s home turf and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations. Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium into the du jeur remote control library for user agents.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Understanding the componets","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Building a test suite using WebDriver will require you to understand and effectively use a number of different components. As with everything in software, different people use different terms for the same idea. Below is a breakdown of how terms are used in this description.\nTerminology  API: Application Programming Interface. This is the set of \u0026ldquo;commands\u0026rdquo; you use to manipulate WebDriver. Library: A code module which contains the APIs and the code necessary to implement them. Libraries are specific to each language binding, eg .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, etc. Driver: Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself, not on the system executing the test suite. (Although those may be the same system.) NOTE: Some people refer to the drivers as proxies. Framework: An additional library used as a support for WebDriver suites. These frameworks may be test frameworks such as JUnit or NUnit. They may also be frameworks supporting natural language features such as Cucumber or Robotium. Frameworks may also be written and used for things such as manipulating or configuring the system under test, data creation, test oracles, etc.  The Parts and Pieces At its minimum, WebDriver talks to a browser through a driver. Communication is two way: WebDriver passes commands to the browser through the driver, and receives information back via the same route.\nThe driver is specific to the browser, such as ChromeDriver for Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, GeckoDriver for Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. The driver runs on the same system as the browser. This may, or may not be, the same system where the tests themselves are executing.\nThis simple example above is direct communication. Communication to the browser may also be remote communication through Selenium Server or RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver runs on the same system as the driver and the browser.\nRemote communication can also take place using Selenium Server or Selenium Grid, both of which in turn talk to the driver on the host system\nWhere Frameworks fit in WebDriver has one job and one job only: communicate with the browser via any of the methods above. WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t know a thing about testing: it doesn\u0026rsquo;t know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly doesn\u0026rsquo;t know a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.\nThis is where various frameworks come in to play. At a minimum you\u0026rsquo;ll need a test framework that matches the language bindings, eg NUnit for .NET, JUnit for Java, RSpec for Ruby, etc.\nThe test framework is responsible for running and executing your WebDriver and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin to the following image.\nNatural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework entirely in their own implementation.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver requirements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Through WebDriver, Selenium supports all major browsers on the market such as Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari. Where possible, WebDriver drives the browser using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in support for automation, although not all browsers have official support for remote control.\nWebDriver\u0026rsquo;s aim is to emulate a real user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser as closely as possible. This is possible at varying levels in different browsers. For more details on the different driver idiosyncrasies, please see Driver Idiosyncrasies.\nEven though all the drivers share a single user-facing interface for controlling the browser, they have slightly different ways of setting up browser sessions. Since many of the driver implementations are provided by third parties, they are not included in the standard Selenium distribution.\nDriver instantiation, profile management, and various browser specific settings are examples of parameters that have different requirements depending on the browser. This section explains the basic requirements for getting you started with the different browsers.\nAdding Executables to your PATH Most drivers require an extra executable for Selenium to communicate with the browser. You can manually specify where the executable lives before starting WebDriver, but this can make your tests less portable, as the executables will need to be in the same place on every machine, or included within your test code repository.\nBy adding a folder containing WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s binaries to your system\u0026rsquo;s path, Selenium will be able to locate the additional binaries without requiring your test code to locate the exact location of the driver.\n Create a directory to place the executables in, like C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin Add the directory to your PATH:  On Windows - Open a command prompt as administrator and the run the following command to permanently add the directory to your path for all users on your machine:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Bash users on macOS and Linux - In a terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   You are now ready to test your changes. Close all open command prompts and open a new one. Type out the name of one of the binaries in the folder you created in the previous step, e.g:\nchromedriver   If your PATH is configured correctly, you will see some output relating to the startup of the driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. You can regain control of your command prompt by pressing Ctrl + C\nQuick reference    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome To drive Chrome or Chromium, you have to download chromedriver and put it in a folder that is on your system\u0026rsquo;s path.\nOn Linux or macOS, this means modifying the PATH environmental variable. You can see what directories, separated by a colon, make up your system\u0026rsquo;s path by executing the following command:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin To include chromedriver on the path if it isn\u0026rsquo;t already, make sure you include the chromedriver binary\u0026rsquo;s parent directory. The following line will set the PATH environmental variable its current content, plus an additional path added after the colon:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; When chromedriver is available on your path, you should be able to execute the chromedriver executable from any directory.\nTo instantiate a Chrome/Chromium session, you can do the following:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     The chromedriver is implemented as a WebDriver remote server that by exposing Chrome\u0026rsquo;s internal automation proxy interface instructs the browser what to do.\nFirefox Starting with Selenium 3, Mozilla has taken over implementation of Firefox Driver, with geckodriver. The new driver for Firefox is called geckodriver and works with Firefox 48 and newer. Since the Firefox WebDriver is under development, the newer the Firefox version the better the support.\nAs geckodriver is the new default way of launching Firefox, you can instantiate Firefox in the same way as Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     If you prefer not to set geckodriver\u0026rsquo;s location using PATH, set the geckodriver binary location programmatically:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     It is also possible to set the property at run time:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver It is currently possible to revert to the older, more feature complete Firefox driver, by installing Firefox 47.0.1 or 45 ESR and specifying a desired capability of marionette as false. Later releases of Firefox are no longer compatible.\nEdge Edge is Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s newest browser, included with Windows 10 and Server 2016. Updates to Edge are bundled with major Windows updates, so you\u0026rsquo;ll need to download a binary which matches the build number of your currently installed build of Windows. The Edge Developer site contains links to all the available binaries. Bugs against the EdgeDriver implementation can be raised with Microsoft. If you\u0026rsquo;d like to run tests against Edge, but aren\u0026rsquo;t running Windows 10, Microsoft offer free VMs for testers on the Edge Developer site.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     If Edge driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer was Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s default browser until Windows 10, although it is still included in Windows 10. Internet Explorer Driver is the only driver The Selenium project aims to support the same releases Microsoft considers current. Older releases may work, but will be unsupported.\nWhile the Selenium project provides binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer, there are some limitations with Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 with the 64-bit driver, but using the 32-bit driver continues to work well. It should be noted that as Internet Explorer preferences are saved against the logged in user\u0026rsquo;s account, some additional setup is required.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     If Internet Explorer driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:\\path\\to\\IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft also offer a WebDriver binary for Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1. It has not been updated since 2014 and is based of a draft version of the W3 specification. Jim Evans has an excellent writeup on Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s implementation.\nOpera Current releases of Opera are built on top of the Chromium engine, and WebDriver is now supported via the closed-source Opera Chromium Driver, which can be added to your PATH or as a system property.\nInstantiating a driver session is similar to Firefox and Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Enable the Developer menu from Safari preferences Check the Allow Remote Automation option from with the Develop menu Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ You can then start a driver session using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Those looking to automate Safari on iOS should look to the Appium project. Whilst Safari was previously available for Windows, Apple has long since dropped support, making it a poor choice of test platform.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HtmlUnit is a \u0026ldquo;GUI-Less browser for Java programs\u0026rdquo;. It models HTML documents and provides an API that allows you to invoke pages, fill out forms, click links, etc. It has JavaScript support and is able to work with AJAX libraries, simulating Chrome, Firefox or Internet Explorer depending on the configuration used. It has been moved to a new location. The source is maintained on svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is a headless browser based on Webkit, albeit a version much older than that used by Google Chrome or Safari. Whilst historically a popular choice, it would now be wise to avoid PhantomJS. The project has been unmaintained since the 5th of August, so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated. This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly, something also now offered by Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specifieke capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definieer Capabilities met FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is de nieuwe manier om capabilities te bepalen voor Firefox. Het is aangeraden om FirefoxOptions te gebruiken in plaats van DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile Het is mogelijk om een eigen Firefox profiel te gebruiken zoals hieronder word getoond.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Het kan gebeuren dat Internet Explorer een timeout gooit wanneer het File Upload venster geopend word. IEDriver heeft standaard een timeout van 1000ms. Deze kan, in het geval van het File Upload venster, verhoogd worden via de fileUploadDialogTimeout-capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps); } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Externe drivers en plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium ondersteunt externe plugins. Hieronder vind je plugins die ontwikkeld zijn en onderhouden worden door externe partijen. Meer informatie omtrent het ontwikkelen van je eigen plugin of het publiceren ervan kan je de documentatie raadplegen.\nDeze plugins worden niet ondersteund, onderhouden, gehost of aanbevolen door het Selenium project. De plugins die hieronder opgelijst staan, dragen niet altijd de Apache License v2.0. Sommige plugins vallen onder een andere gratis of open source licentie; anderen zijn enkel beschikbaar onder patent. Vragen in verband met licenties van plugins dienen gericht te worden aan de respectievelijke ontwikkelaars.\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"File downloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installing WebDriver binaries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing WebDriver binaries To execute your project and control browser you need to have browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.\nDownload the WebDriver binary supported by your browser and place it in the System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"On test automation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Waarneembaarheid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session The browser process The background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it wasn\u0026rsquo;t for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Componenten configureren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Met de Selenium HTML-runner kan je Test Suites starten vanaf de command line. Test Suites zijn HTML exports vanuit Selenium IDE of andere compatiebele tools.\nAlgemene informatie  De combinatie van geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner is belangrijk. Er is mogelijks ergens een matrix die de compatibiliteit toelicht. selenium-html-runner voert enkel Test Suites uit (geen Test Case - wat bijvoorbeeld een export van Monitis Transaction Monitor is). Wees zeker dat je hieraan voldoet. html-runner moet met een virtuele display (xfvb) gestart worden op Linux distributies die niet over een display beschikken.  Voorbeeld Linux omgeving Installeer / download volgende software pakketten:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite voorbeeld:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;JOU-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;JOU-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Selenium-html-runner headless starten Hieronder vind je een voorbeeld van hoe je de selenium-html-runner start. Het resultaat van onderstaand voorbeeld is sterk afhankelijk van de geckodriver / firefox / html-runner combinatie.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP response codes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user and this is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installing Standalone server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing Standalone server If you plan to use Grid then you should download the selenium-server-standalone JAR file. All the components are available via selenium-server. The standalone JAR contains everything, including the remote Selenium server and the client-side bindings. This means that if you use the selenium-server-standalone jar in your project, then you don\u0026rsquo;t have to add selenium-java or a browser specific jar.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localisatie van elementen","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Localisatie van elementen  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Localisatie van elementen Een van de meest fundamentele technieken die nodig zijn om WebDriver onder de knie te krijgen, is het lokaliseren van elementen op een pagina. WebDriver beschikt over een aantal ingebouwde selector types, een van hen is het lokaliseren van een element op basis van zijn ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     In het bovenstaande voorbeeld kan je zien dat het lokaliseren van de elementen gedaan word op een instantie van het WebDriver object. De methode findElement(By) geeft een ander fundamenteel object type terug: WebElement.\n WebDriver stelt de browser voor WebElement stelt een bepaalde DOM node voor (een link, input veld etc)  Wanneer een web element gevonden is, kan je op basis van dat element een nieuwe opzoeking starten. Deze zal dan binnen de scope van het gevonden element gedaan worden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Dit is mogelijk omdat zowel WebDriver als WebElement de SearchContext interface implementeren. Binnen WebDriver staat dit bekend als een role-based interface.\n. In WebDriver, this is known as a role-based interface. Role-based interfaces allow you to determine whether a particular driver implementation supports a given feature. These interfaces are clearly defined and try to adhere to having only a single role of responsibility. You can read more about WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s design and what roles are supported in which drivers in the Some Other Section Which Must Be Named.\nConsequently, the By interface used above also supports a number of additional locator strategies. A nested lookup might not be the most effective cheese location strategy since it requires two separate commands to be issued to the browser; first searching the DOM for an element with ID “cheese”, then a search for “cheddar” in a narrowed context.\nTo improve the performance slightly, we should try to use a more specific locator: WebDriver supports looking up elements by CSS locators, allowing us to combine the two previous locators into one search:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Locating multiple elements It\u0026rsquo;s possible that the document we are working with may turn out to have an ordered list of the cheese we like the best:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Since more cheese is undisputably better, and it would be cumbersome to have to retrieve each of the items individually, a superior technique for retrieving cheese is to make use of the pluralized version findElements(By). This method returns a collection of web elements. If only one element is found, it will still return a collection (of one element). If no element matches the locator, an empty list will be returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element selection strategies There are eight different built-in element location strategies in WebDriver:\n   Locator Description     class name Locates elements whose class name contains the search value (compound class names are not permitted)   css selector Locates elements matching a CSS selector   id Locates elements whose ID attribute matches the search value   name Locates elements whose NAME attribute matches the search value   link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   partial link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   tag name Locates elements whose tag name matches the search value   xpath Locates elements matching an XPath expression    Tips on using selectors In general, if HTML IDs are available, unique, and consistently predictable, they are the preferred method for locating an element on a page. They tend to work very quickly, and forego much processing that comes with complicated DOM traversals.\nIf unique IDs are unavailable, a well-written CSS selector is the preferred method of locating an element. XPath works as well as CSS selectors, but the syntax is complicated and frequently difficult to debug. Though XPath selectors are very flexible, they are typically not performance tested by browser vendors and tend to be quite slow.\nSelection strategies based on linkText and partialLinkText have drawbacks in that they only work on link elements. Additionally, they call down to XPath selectors internally in WebDriver.\nTag name can be a dangerous way to locate elements. There are frequently multiple elements of the same tag present on the page. This is mostly useful when calling the findElements(By) method which returns a collection of elements.\nThe recommendation is to keep your locators as compact and readable as possible. Asking WebDriver to traverse the DOM structure is an expensive operation, and the more you can narrow the scope of your search, the better.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium Installation Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types of testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?.\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?.\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explainedin this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once)\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should pass (which should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on above (TDD) in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then create the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all type of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transform the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Aan de slag met WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aan de slag met WebDriver Door middel van WebDriver ondersteunt Selenium alle grote browsers op de markt. WebDriver is een API en protocol dat een taal-onafhankelijke interface aanbied die de browser kan aansturen. Elke browser bevat een specifieke WebDriver implementatie. We verwijzen naar deze implementatie als driver. De driver is verantwoordelijk voor de vertaalslag naar de browser en staat in voor de communicatie van en naar Selenium en de browser.\nDeze opsplitsing is bewust gedaan zodat de leverancier van de browser de verantwoordelijkheid van de implementatie op zich neemt. Selenium maakt gebruik van deze aangeleverde drivers indien mogelijk. Eveneens bied ze haar eigen drivers aan voor het geval dat de leverancier hierover niet beschikt. Deze worden onderhouden door de community.\nSelenium schakelt al deze stukken aan elkaar door middel van een interface. Deze zorgt voor een transparante en gebruiksvriendelijke manier om de backend van de verschillende browsers aan te spreken. Hierdoor onstaat een browser en platform onafhankelijke oplossing.\nMeer info over de drivers kan je terugvinden via Driver Eigenschappen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"About this documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n These docs, like the code itself, are maintained 100% by volunteers within the Selenium community. Many have been using it since its inception, but many more have only been using it for a short while, and have given their time to help improve the onboarding experience for new users.\nIf there is an issue with the documentation, we want to know! The best way to communicate an issue is to visit https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues and search to see whether or not the issue has been filed already. If not, feel free to open one!\nMany members of the community are present at the #selenium Libera chat at Libera.chat. Feel free to drop in and ask questions and if you get help which you think could be of use within these documents, be sure to add your contribution! We can update these documents, but it\u0026rsquo;s much easier for everyone when we get contributions from outside the normal committers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Details van muisactie","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web elementt  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Geavanceerde functies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email and Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittents that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, using the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls won\u0026rsquo;t return (or the callback won\u0026rsquo;t trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element isn\u0026rsquo;t found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it\u0026rsquo;s unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it\u0026rsquo;s quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Grid-eindpunten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it\u0026rsquo;s also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty configured entirely in code. Steps to do this follow.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, I\u0026rsquo;m using Jetty, so you\u0026rsquo;ll need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test dependency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver WebDriver drives a browser natively, as a user would, either locally or on a remote machine using the Selenium server, marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.\nSelenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code. This is commonly referred to as just WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver is a W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver is designed as a simple and more concise programming interface.\n  WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.\n  It drives the browser effectively.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup message offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Performance testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript) in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, and which provide reporting and analysis which can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Remote WebDriver You can use WebDriver remotely the same way you would use it locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.\nA remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests between a client and a server. In simple, the traffic flows through the proxy server on its way to the address you requested and back.\nA proxy server for automation scripts with Selenium could be helpful for:\n Capture network traffic Mock backend calls made by the website Access the required website under complex network topologies or strict corporate restrictions/policies.  If you are in a corporate environment, and a browser fails to connect to a URL, this is most likely because the environment needs a proxy to be accessed.\nSelenium WebDriver provides a way to proxy settings:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link spidering","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice not because it cannot be done, but because it’s definitely not the most ideal tool. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods don’t rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/","title":"Worst practices","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver eigenschappen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Driver eigenschappen "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Legacy Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, If you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/","title":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Selenium Browser Automation Project Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\nIt provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers, a distribution server for scaling browser allocation, and the infrastructure for implementations of the W3C WebDriver specification that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers.\nThis project is made possible by volunteer contributors who have put in thousands of hours of their own time, and made the source code freely available for anyone to use, enjoy, and improve.\nSelenium brings together browser vendors, engineers, and enthusiasts to further an open discussion around automation of the web platform. The project organises an annual conference to teach and nurture the community.\nAt the core of Selenium is WebDriver, an interface to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers. Here is one of the simplest instructions you can make:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     See the Quick Tour for a full explanation of what goes on behind the scenes when you run this code. You should continue on to the narrative documentation to understand how you can install and successfully use Selenium as a test automation tool, and scaling simple tests like this to run in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers, on several different operating systems.\nGetting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "}]
\ No newline at end of file
+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/","title":"Aan de slag","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aan de slag Hieronder vind je enkele links die je aan de slag helpen indien dit je eerste ervaring met Selenium is.\n Korte uitleg  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Browsers","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Algemene browsers Selenium ondersteunt officieel volgende browsers:\n   Browser Beheerder Ondersteunde versies     Chrome Chromium Alle versies   Firefox Mozilla 54 en nieuwer   Edge Microsoft 84 en nieuwer   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 en nieuwer   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 en nieuwer   Safari Apple 10 en nieuwer    Gespecialiseerde browsers Er bestaan ook gespecialiseerde browser die enkel in ontwikkelomgevingen gebruikt worden. Deze kunnen ook gebruikt worden voor het automatiseren van de browser. Selenium biedt ondersteuning voor de volgende drivers:\n   Driver Doel Beheerder     HtmlUnitDriver Headless browser emulator ontwikkeld door Rhino Selenium project    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, afkorting voor Completely Automated Public Turing test om computers en mensen apart te vertellen, is expliciet ontworpen om automatisering te voorkomen, dus probeer het niet! Er zijn twee primaire strategieën om CAPTCHA-controles te omzeilen:\n Schakel CAPTCHA\u0026rsquo;s uit in uw testomgeving Voeg een haak toe zodat tests de CAPTCHA kunnen omzeilen  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Hub  Intermediary and manager Accepts requests to run tests Takes instructions from client and executes them remotely on the nodes Manages threads  A Hub is a central point where all your tests are sent. Each Selenium Grid consists of exactly one hub. The hub needs to be reachable from the respective clients (i.e. CI server, Developer machine etc.) The hub will connect one or more nodes that tests will be delegated to.\nNodes  Where the browsers live Registers itself to the hub and communicates its capabilities Receives requests from the hub and executes them  Nodes are different Selenium instances that will execute tests on individual computer systems. There can be many nodes in a grid. The machines which are nodes do not need to be the same platform or have the same browser selection as that of the hub or the other nodes. A node on Windows might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this wouldn\u0026rsquo;t be possible on Linux or Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Components","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Router The Router takes care of forwarding the request to the correct component.\nIt is the entry point of the Grid, all external requests will be received by it. The Router behaves differently depending on the request. If it is a new session request, the Router will forward it to the Distributor (where the new session creation will be handled). If the request belongs to an existing session, the Router will send the session id to the Session Map, and the Session Map will return the Node where the session is running. After this, the Router will forward the request to the Node.\nThe Router aims to balance the load in the Grid by sending the requests to the component that is able to handle them better, without overloading any component that is not needed in the process.\nDistributor The Distributor is aware of all the Nodes and their capabilities. Its main role is to receive a new session request and find a suitable Node where the session can be created. After the session is created, the Distributor stores in the Session Map the relation between the session id and Node where the session is being executed.\nNode A Node can be present several times in a Grid. Each Node takes care of managing the slots for the available browsers of the machine where it is running.\nThe Node registers itself to the Distributor through the Event Bus, and its configuration is sent as part of the registration message.\nBy default, the Node auto-registers all browser drivers available on the path of the machine where it runs. It also creates one slot per available CPU for Chromium based browsers and Firefox. For Safari and Internet Explorer, only one slot is created. Through a specific configuration, it can run sessions in Docker containers. You can see more configuration details in the next section.\nA Node only executes the received commands, it does not evaluate, make judgments, or control anything. The machines where the Node is running does not need to have the same operating system as the other components. For example, A Windows Node might have the capability of offering Internet Explorer as a browser option, whereas this would not be possible on Linux or Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nRoles in Grid In Grid 3, the components were Hub and Node, and it was possible to run them together by starting the Grid in Standalone mode. The same concept is available in Grid 4, it is possible to run a Hub by grouping some of the components described above, and it is also possible to run all components together in a Standalone mode.\nHub Hub is the union of the following components:\n Router Distributor Session Map Event Bus  It enables the classic Hub \u0026amp; Node(s) setup.\nStandalone As mentioned before, Standalone is the union of all components, and to the user\u0026rsquo;s eyes, they are executed as one. This includes all the components which are part of the Hub, plus one Node. A fully functional Grid of one is available after starting it in the Standalone mode.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"Config hulp","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The help commands display information based on the current code implementation. Hence, it will provide accurate information in case the documentation is not updated. It is the easiest way to learn about Grid 4 configuration for any new version.\nInfo Command The info command provides detailed docs on the following topics:\n Configuring Selenium Security Session Map setup Tracing  Config help Quick config help and overview is provided by running:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config Security To get details on setting up the Grid servers for secure communication and node registration:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security Session Map setup By default, Grid uses a local session map to store session information. Grid supports additional storage options like Redis and JDBC - SQL supported databases. To set up different session storage, use the following command to get setup steps:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap Setting up tracing with OpenTelemetry and Jaeger By default, tracing is enabled. To export traces and visualize them via Jaeger, use the following command for instructions:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing List the Selenium Grid commands java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help It will show all the available commands and description for each one.\nComponent help commands Pass \u0026ndash;help config option after the Selenium role to get component-specific config information.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help New Session Queuer java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Copyright and attributions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Selenium Documentation Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nEr is veel tijd en werk gestroken in het maken van deze documentatie met als doel zo correct en compleet mogelijk te zijn maar dit impliceert geen geschiktheid of garantie. Deze informatie wordt aangeboden op een \u0026ldquo;as-is\u0026rdquo; basis. De auteur en de uitgever\nEvery effort has been made to make this documentation as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an “as-is” basis. The authors and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. 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We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same \u0026#34;printed page\u0026#34; as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \u0026#34;License\u0026#34;); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \u0026#34;AS IS\u0026#34; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Gedeelde capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"In order to create a new session by Selenium WebDriver, the local end should provide the basic capabilities to the remote end. The remote end uses the same set of capabilities to create a session and describes the current session features.\nWebDriver provides capabilities that each remote end will/should support the implementation. The following capabilities are supported by WebDriver:\nbrowserName: This capability is used to set the browserName for a given session. If the specified browser is not installed at the remote end, the session creation will fail.\nbrowserVersion: This capability is optional, this is used to set the available browser version at remote end. For Example, if ask for Chrome version 75 on a system that only has 80 installed, the session creation will fail.\npageLoadStrategy: Bij het navigeren naar een nieuwe pagina, zal Selenium standaard wachten totdat de pagina volledig geladen is. Deze strategie werkt goed voor beginners maar kan snel resulteren in lange wachttijden op paginas die veel externe resources moeten ophalen. Het gebruik van niet-standaard laadstrategieen kan de doorlooptijd aanzienlijk versnellen maar kan eveneens flakiness introduceren doordat elementen van grootte en/of positie veranderen tijdens het laden.\nThe page load strategy bevraagt document.readyState zoals hieronder beschreven:\n   Strategie Ready State Opmerkingen     normal complete Standaard, wacht tot alle resources gedownload zijn   eager interactive DOM access is gereed, maar andere resources, zoals grafische elementen, zijn mogelijks nog niet volledig ingeladen.   none Any WebDriver houdt geen rekening met wachttijden    platformName This identifies the operating system at the remote-end, fetching the platformName returns the OS name.\nIn cloud-based providers, setting platformName sets the OS at the remote-end.\nacceptInsecureCerts This capability checks whether an expired (or) invalid TLS Certificate is used while navigating during a session.\nIf the capability is set to false, an insecure certificate error will be returned as navigation encounters any domain certificate problems. If set to true, invalid certificate will be trusted by the browser.\nAll self-signed certificates will be trusted by this capability by default. Once set, acceptInsecureCerts capability will have an effect for the entire session.\nSession timeouts A WebDriver session is imposed with a certain session timeout interval, during which the user can control the behaviour of executing scripts or retrieving information from the browser.\nEach session timeout is configured with combination of different timeouts as described below:\nScript Timeout: Specifies when to interrupt an executing script in a current browsing context. The default timeout 30,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nPage Load Timeout: Specifies the time interval in which web page needs to be loaded in a current browsing context. The default timeout 300,000 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver. If page load limits a given/default time frame, the script will be stopped by TimeoutException.\nImplicit Wait Timeout This specifies the time to wait for the implicit element location strategy when locating elements. The default timeout 0 is imposed when a new session is created by WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Specifies the state of current session\u0026rsquo;s user prompt handler. Defaults to dismiss and notify state\nUser Prompt Handler This defines what action must take when a user prompt encounters at the remote-end. This is defined by unhandledPromptBehavior capability and has the following states:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect This command alters the size and position of the current browsing context window. This command acts as setter to getWindowRect command which accepts width, height, x, y as optional arguments.\nDuring automation, the current browsing context will be associated with window states, which describe the visibility of the browser window. The window states are\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Setting Width or Height does not guaranteed that the resulting window size will exactly match that which was requested. This is because some drivers may not be able to resize in single-pixel increments. Due to this, fetching the window state/details by getWindowRect may not match the values set in the browser.\nstrictFileInteractability This new capability indicates if strict interactability checks should be applied to input type=file elements. As strict interactability checks are off by default, there is a change in behaviour when using Element Send Keys with hidden file upload controls.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Installing Selenium libraries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing Selenium libraries First you need to install the Selenium bindings for your automation project. The installation process for libraries depends on the language you choose to use.\nJava Installation of Selenium libraries for Java can be done using Maven. Add the selenium-java dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; The selenium-java dependency supports running your automation project with all Selenium supported browsers. If you want to run tests only in a specific browser, you can add the dependency for that browser in your pom.xml file. For example, you should add following dependency in your pom.xml file to run your tests only in Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; In a similar manner, if you want to run tests only in Chrome, you should add the following dependency:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python Installation of Selenium libraries for Python can be done using pip:\npip install selenium Alternatively you can download the PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) and install it using setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# Installation of Selenium libraries for C# can be done using NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/","title":"Korte uitleg","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium is niet enkel een instrument of API, het bestaat uit verschillende instrumenten.\nWebDriver Als je begint met het automatiseren van websites, dan zul je de WebDriver API\u0026rsquo;s gebruiken. WebDriver gebruikt automatisatie API\u0026rsquo;s die door de browsers zelf worden aangeboden. Laatstgenoemden worden gebruikt om de browser aan te sturen. Op die manier word een echte gebruiker gesimuleerd.WebDriver staat los van de applicatieve code en is daarom niet-intrusief. Zo test je dezelfde applicatie als diegene die live staat.\nIDE IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Chrome and Firefox extension and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It records the users actions in the browser for you, using existing Selenium commands, with parameters defined by the context of that element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nGrid Selenium Grid allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms. The control of triggering the test cases is on the local end, and when the test cases are triggered, they are automatically executed by the remote end.\nAfter the development of the WebDriver tests, you may face the need of running your tests on multiple browser and operating system combinations. This is where Grid comes into the picture.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Page object models","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Page Object is a Design Pattern which has become popular in test automation for enhancing test maintenance and reducing code duplication. A page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface to a page of your AUT. The tests then use the methods of this page object class whenever they need to interact with the UI of that page. The benefit is that if the UI changes for the page, the tests themselves don’t need to change, only the code within the page object needs to change. Subsequently all changes to support that new UI are located in one place.\nThe Page Object Design Pattern provides the following advantages:\n There is a clean separation between test code and page specific code such as locators (or their use if you’re using a UI Map) and layout. There is a single repository for the services or operations offered by the page rather than having these services scattered throughout the tests.  In both cases this allows any modifications required due to UI changes to all be made in one place. Useful information on this technique can be found on numerous blogs as this ‘test design pattern’ is becoming widely used. We encourage the reader who wishes to know more to search the internet for blogs on this subject. Many have written on this design pattern and can provide useful tips beyond the scope of this user guide. To get you started, though, we’ll illustrate page objects with a simple example.\nFirst, consider an example, typical of test automation, that does not use a page object:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // fill login data on sign-in page  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verify h1 tag is \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; after login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There are two problems with this approach.\n There is no separation between the test method and the AUT’s locators (IDs in this example); both are intertwined in a single method. If the AUT’s UI changes its identifiers, layout, or how a login is input and processed, the test itself must change. The ID-locators would be spread in multiple tests, in all tests that had to use this login page.  Applying the page object techniques, this example could be rewritten like this in the following example of a page object for a Sign-in page.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } and page object for a Home page could look like this.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* More methods offering the services represented by Home Page of Logged User. These methods in turn might return more Page Objects for example click on Compose mail button could return ComposeMail class object */ } So now, the login test would use these two page objects as follows.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } There is a lot of flexibility in how the page objects may be designed, but there are a few basic rules for getting the desired maintainability of your test code.\nPage objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions. This is part of your test and should always be within the test’s code, never in an page object. The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods but no code related to what is being tested should be within the page object.\nThere is one, single, verification which can, and should, be within the page object and that is to verify that the page, and possibly critical elements on the page, were loaded correctly. This verification should be done while instantiating the page object. In the examples above, both the SignInPage and HomePage constructors check that the expected page is available and ready for requests from the test.\nA page object does not necessarily need to represent all the parts of a page itself. The same principles used for page objects can be used to create \u0026ldquo;Page Component Objects\u0026rdquo; that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects. These component objects can provide references to the elements inside those discrete chunks, and methods to leverage the functionality provided by them. You can even nest component objects inside other component objects for more complex pages. If a page in the AUT has multiple components, or common components used throughout the site (e.g. a navigation bar), then it may improve maintainability and reduce code duplication.\nThere are other design patterns that also may be used in testing. Some use a Page Factory for instantiating their page objects. Discussing all of these is beyond the scope of this user guide. Here, we merely want to introduce the concepts to make the reader aware of some of the things that can be done. As was mentioned earlier, many have blogged on this topic and we encourage the reader to search for blogs on these topics.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Purposes and main functionalities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n  Central entry point for all tests Management and control of the nodes / environment where the browsers run Scaling Running tests in parallel Cross platform testing Load balancing  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time, before the WebDriver/Selenium merge brought up Selenium 2, a more powerful tool. It is worth to highlight that Selenium 1 is not supported anymore.\nHow Selenium RC Works First, we will describe how the components of Selenium RC operate and the role each plays in running your test scripts.\nRC Components Selenium RC components are:\n The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, interprets and runs the Selenese commands passed from the test program, and acts as an HTTP proxy, intercepting and verifying HTTP messages passed between the browser and the AUT. Client libraries which provide the interface between each programming language and the Selenium RC Server.  Here is a simplified architecture diagram:\nThe diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command. This runs the Selenese action or verification you specified in your test script.\nSelenium Server Selenium Server receives Selenium commands from your test program, interprets them, and reports back to your program the results of running those tests.\nThe RC server bundles Selenium Core and automatically injects it into the browser. This occurs when your test program opens the browser (using a client library API function). Selenium-Core is a JavaScript program, actually a set of JavaScript functions which interprets and executes Selenese commands using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in JavaScript interpreter.\nThe Server receives the Selenese commands from your test program using simple HTTP GET/POST requests. This means you can use any programming language that can send HTTP requests to automate Selenium tests on the browser.\nClient Libraries The client libraries provide the programming support that allows you to run Selenium commands from a program of your own design. There is a different client library for each supported language. A Selenium client library provides a programming interface (API), i.e., a set of functions, which run Selenium commands from your own program. Within each interface, there is a programming function that supports each Selenese command.\nThe client library takes a Selenese command and passes it to the Selenium Server for processing a specific action or test against the application under test (AUT). The client library also receives the result of that command and passes it back to your program. Your program can receive the result and store it into a program variable and report it as a success or failure, or possibly take corrective action if it was an unexpected error.\nSo to create a test program, you simply write a program that runs a set of Selenium commands using a client library API. And, optionally, if you already have a Selenese test script created in the Selenium-IDE, you can generate the Selenium RC code. The Selenium-IDE can translate (using its Export menu item) its Selenium commands into a client-driver\u0026rsquo;s API function calls. See the Selenium-IDE chapter for specifics on exporting RC code from Selenium-IDE.\nInstallation Installation is rather a misnomer for Selenium. Selenium has a set of libraries available in the programming language of your choice. You could download them from the downloads page.\nOnce you\u0026rsquo;ve chosen a language to work with, you simply need to:\n Install the Selenium RC Server. Set up a programming project using a language specific client driver.  Installing Selenium Server The Selenium RC server is simply a Java jar file (selenium-server-standalone-.jar), which doesn\u0026rsquo;t require any special installation. Just downloading the zip file and extracting the server in the desired directory is sufficient.\nRunning Selenium Server Before starting any tests you must start the server. Go to the directory where Selenium RC\u0026rsquo;s server is located and run the following from a command-line console.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar This can be simplified by creating a batch or shell executable file (.bat on Windows and .sh on Linux) containing the command above. Then make a shortcut to that executable on your desktop and simply double-click the icon to start the server.\nFor the server to run you\u0026rsquo;ll need Java installed and the PATH environment variable correctly configured to run it from the console. You can check that you have Java correctly installed by running the following on a console.\njava -version If you get a version number (which needs to be 1.5 or later), you\u0026rsquo;re ready to start using Selenium RC.\nUsing the Java Client Driver  Download Selenium java client driver zip from the SeleniumHQ downloads page. Extract selenium-java-.jar file Open your desired Java IDE (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Create a java project. Add the selenium-java-.jar files to your project as references. Add to your project classpath the file selenium-java-.jar. From Selenium-IDE, export a script to a Java file and include it in your Java project, or write your Selenium test in Java using the selenium-java-client API. The API is presented later in this chapter. You can either use JUnit, or TestNg to run your test, or you can write your own simple main() program. These concepts are explained later in this section. Run Selenium server from the console. Execute your test from the Java IDE or from the command-line.  For details on Java test project configuration, see the Appendix sections Configuring Selenium RC With Eclipse and Configuring Selenium RC With Intellij.\nUsing the Python Client Driver  Install Selenium via PIP, instructions linked at SeleniumHQ downloads page Either write your Selenium test in Python or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a python file. Run Selenium server from the console Execute your test from a console or your Python IDE  For details on Python client driver configuration, see the appendix Python Client Driver Configuration.\nUsing the .NET Client Driver  Download Selenium RC from the SeleniumHQ downloads page Extract the folder Download and install NUnit ( Note: You can use NUnit as your test engine. If you\u0026rsquo;re not familiar yet with NUnit, you can also write a simple main() function to run your tests; however NUnit is very useful as a test engine.) Open your desired .Net IDE (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Create a class library (.dll) Add references to the following DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit. framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll and ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Write your Selenium test in a .Net language (C#, VB.Net), or export a script from Selenium-IDE to a C# file and copy this code into the class file you just created. Write your own simple main() program or you can include NUnit in your project for running your test. These concepts are explained later in this chapter. Run Selenium server from console Run your test either from the IDE, from the NUnit GUI or from the command line  For specific details on .NET client driver configuration with Visual Studio, see the appendix .NET client driver configuration.\nUsing the Ruby Client Driver  If you do not already have RubyGems, install it from RubyForge. Run gem install selenium-client At the top of your test script, add require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; Write your test script using any Ruby test harness (eg Test::Unit, Mini::Test or RSpec). Run Selenium RC server from the console. Execute your test in the same way you would run any other Ruby script.  For details on Ruby client driver configuration, see the Selenium-Client documentation_\nFrom Selenese to a Program The primary task for using Selenium RC is to convert your Selenese into a programming language. In this section, we provide several different language-specific examples.\nSample Test Script Let\u0026rsquo;s start with an example Selenese test script. Imagine recording the following test with Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Note: This example would work with the Google search page http://www.google.com\nSelenese as Programming Code Here is the test script exported (via Selenium-IDE) to each of the supported programming languages. If you have at least basic knowledge of an object- oriented programming language, you will understand how Selenium runs Selenese commands by reading one of these examples. To see an example in a specific language, select one of these buttons.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end In the next section we\u0026rsquo;ll explain how to build a test program using the generated code.\nProgramming Your Test Now we\u0026rsquo;ll illustrate how to program your own tests using examples in each of the supported programming languages. There are essentially two tasks:\n Generate your script into a programming language from Selenium-IDE, optionally modifying the result. Write a very simple main program that executes the generated code.  Optionally, you can adopt a test engine platform like JUnit or TestNG for Java, or NUnit for .NET if you are using one of those languages.\nHere, we show language-specific examples. The language-specific APIs tend to differ from one to another, so you\u0026rsquo;ll find a separate explanation for each.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java For Java, people use either JUnit or TestNG as the test engine.\nSome development environments like Eclipse have direct support for these via plug-ins. This makes it even easier. Teaching JUnit or TestNG is beyond the scope of this document however materials may be found online and there are publications available. If you are already a \u0026ldquo;java-shop\u0026rdquo; chances are your developers will already have some experience with one of these test frameworks.\nYou will probably want to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The Selenium-IDE generated code will look like this. This example has comments added manually for additional clarity.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# The .NET Client Driver works with Microsoft.NET. It can be used with any .NET testing framework like NUnit or the Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assumes you will use NUnit as your testing framework. You can see this in the generated code below. It includes the using statement for NUnit along with corresponding NUnit attributes identifying the role for each member function of the test class.\nYou will probably have to rename the test class from \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; to something of your own choosing. Also, you will need to change the browser-open parameters in the statement:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); The generated code will look similar to this.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } You can allow NUnit to manage the execution of your tests. Or alternatively, you can write a simple main() program that instantiates the test object and runs each of the three methods, SetupTest(), TheNewTest(), and TeardownTest() in turn.\nPython Pyunit is the test framework to use for Python.\nThe basic test structure is:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Old (pre 2.0) versions of Selenium-IDE generate Ruby code that requires the old Selenium gem. Therefore, it is advisable to update any Ruby scripts generated by the IDE as follows:\n  On line 1, change require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; to require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  On line 11, change Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new to Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  You probably also want to change the class name to something more informative than \u0026ldquo;Untitled,\u0026rdquo; and change the test method\u0026rsquo;s name to something other than \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nHere is a simple example created by modifying the Ruby code generated by Selenium IDE, as described above.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP The members of the documentation team have not used Selenium RC with Perl or PHP. If you are using Selenium RC with either of these two languages please contact the Documentation Team (see the chapter on contributing). We would love to include some examples from you and your experiences, to support Perl and PHP users.\nLearning the API The Selenium RC API uses naming conventions that, assuming you understand Selenese, much of the interface\nwill be self-explanatory. Here, however, we explain the most critical and possibly less obvious aspects.\nStarting the Browser CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Each of these examples opens the browser and represents that browser by assigning a \u0026ldquo;browser instance\u0026rdquo; to a program variable. This program variable is then used to call methods from the browser. These methods execute the Selenium commands, i.e. like open or type or the verify commands.\nThe parameters required when creating the browser instance are:\n  host Specifies the IP address of the computer where the server is located. Usually, this is the same machine as where the client is running, so in this case localhost is passed. In some clients this is an optional parameter.\n  port Specifies the TCP/IP socket where the server is listening waiting for the client to establish a connection. This also is optional in some client drivers.\n  browser The browser in which you want to run the tests. This is a required parameter.\n  url The base url of the application under test. This is required by all the client libs and is integral information for starting up the browser-proxy-AUT communication.\n  Note that some of the client libraries require the browser to be started explicitly by calling its start() method.\nRunning Commands Once you have the browser initialized and assigned to a variable (generally named \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;) you can make it run Selenese commands by calling the respective methods from the browser variable. For example, to call the type method of the selenium object:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) In the background the browser will actually perform a type operation, essentially identical to a user typing input into the browser, by\nusing the locator and the string you specified during the method call.\nReporting Results Selenium RC does not have its own mechanism for reporting results. Rather, it allows you to build your reporting customized to your needs using features of your chosen programming language. That\u0026rsquo;s great, but what if you simply want something quick that\u0026rsquo;s already done for you? Often an existing library or test framework can meet your needs faster than developing your own test reporting code.\nTest Framework Reporting Tools Test frameworks are available for many programming languages. These, along with their primary function of providing a flexible test engine for executing your tests, include library code for reporting results. For example, Java has two commonly used test frameworks, JUnit and TestNG. .NET also has its own, NUnit.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach the frameworks themselves here; that\u0026rsquo;s beyond the scope of this user guide. We will simply introduce the framework features that relate to Selenium along with some techniques you can apply. There are good books available on these test frameworks however along with information on the internet.\nTest Report Libraries Also available are third-party libraries specifically created for reporting test results in your chosen programming language. These often support a variety of formats such as HTML or PDF.\nWhat\u0026rsquo;s The Best Approach? Most people new to the testing frameworks will begin with the framework\u0026rsquo;s built-in reporting features. From there most will examine any available libraries as that\u0026rsquo;s less time consuming than developing your own. As you begin to use Selenium no doubt you will start putting in your own \u0026ldquo;print statements\u0026rdquo; for reporting progress. That may gradually lead to you developing your own reporting, possibly in parallel to using a library or test framework. Regardless, after the initial, but short, learning curve you will naturally develop what works best for your own situation.\nTest Reporting Examples To illustrate, we\u0026rsquo;ll direct you to some specific tools in some of the other languages supported by Selenium. The ones listed here are commonly used and have been used extensively (and therefore recommended) by the authors of this guide.\nTest Reports in Java   If Selenium Test cases are developed using JUnit then JUnit Report can be used to generate test reports.\n  If Selenium Test cases are developed using TestNG then no external task is required to generate test reports. The TestNG framework generates an HTML report which list details of tests.\n  ReportNG is a HTML reporting plug-in for the TestNG framework. It is intended as a replacement for the default TestNG HTML report. ReportNG provides a simple, colour-coded view of the test results.\n  Logging the Selenese Commands  Logging Selenium can be used to generate a report of all the Selenese commands in your test along with the success or failure of each. Logging Selenium extends the Java client driver to add this Selenese logging ability.  Test Reports for Python  When using Python Client Driver then HTMLTestRunner can be used to generate a Test Report.  Test Reports for Ruby  If RSpec framework is used for writing Selenium Test Cases in Ruby then its HTML report can be used to generate a test report.  Adding Some Spice to Your Tests Now we\u0026rsquo;ll get to the whole reason for using Selenium RC, adding programming logic to your tests. It\u0026rsquo;s the same as for any program. Program flow is controlled using condition statements and iteration. In addition you can report progress information using I/O. In this section we\u0026rsquo;ll show some examples of how programming language constructs can be combined with Selenium to solve common testing problems.\nYou will find as you transition from the simple tests of the existence of page elements to tests of dynamic functionality involving multiple web-pages and varying data that you will require programming logic for verifying expected results. Basically, the Selenium-IDE does not support iteration and standard condition statements. You can do some conditions by embedding JavaScript in Selenese parameters, however iteration is impossible, and most conditions will be much easier in a\nprogramming language. In addition, you may need exception handling for error recovery. For these reasons and others, we have written this section to illustrate the use of common programming techniques to give you greater \u0026lsquo;verification power\u0026rsquo; in your automated testing.\nThe examples in this section are written in C# and Java, although the code is simple and can be easily adapted to the other supported languages. If you have some basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language you shouldn\u0026rsquo;t have difficulty understanding this section.\nIteration Iteration is one of the most common things people need to do in their tests. For example, you may want to to execute a search multiple times. Or, perhaps for verifying your test results you need to process a \u0026ldquo;result set\u0026rdquo; returned from a database.\nUsing the same Google search example we used earlier, let\u0026rsquo;s check the Selenium search results. This test could use the Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     The code has been repeated to run the same steps 3 times. But multiple copies of the same code is not good program practice because it\u0026rsquo;s more work to maintain. By using a programming language, we can iterate over the search results for a more flexible and maintainable solution.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Condition Statements To illustrate using conditions in tests we\u0026rsquo;ll start with an example. A common problem encountered while running Selenium tests occurs when an expected element is not available on page. For example, when running the following line:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); If element \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; is not on the page then an exception is thrown:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found This can cause your test to abort. For some tests that\u0026rsquo;s what you want. But often that is not desirable as your test script has many other subsequent tests to perform.\nA better approach is to first validate whether the element is really present and then take alternatives when it it is not. Let\u0026rsquo;s look at this using Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } The advantage of this approach is to continue with test execution even if some UI elements are not available on page.\nExecuting JavaScript from Your Test JavaScript comes very handy in exercising an application which is not directly supported by Selenium. The getEval method of Selenium API can be used to execute JavaScript from Selenium RC.\nConsider an application having check boxes with no static identifiers. In this case one could evaluate JavaScript from Selenium RC to get ids of all check boxes and then exercise them.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } To count number of images on a page:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Remember to use window object in case of DOM expressions as by default selenium window is referred to, not the test window.\nServer Options When the server is launched, command line options can be used to change the default server behaviour.\nRecall, the server is started by running the following.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar To see the list of options, run the server with the -h option.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h You\u0026rsquo;ll see a list of all the options you can use with the server and a brief description of each. The provided descriptions will not always be enough, so we\u0026rsquo;ve provided explanations for some of the more important options.\nProxy Configuration If your AUT is behind an HTTP proxy which requires authentication then you should configure http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser and http.proxyPassword using the following command.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Multi-Window Mode If you are using Selenium 1.0 you can probably skip this section, since multiwindow mode is the default behavior. However, prior to version 1.0, Selenium by default ran the application under test in a sub frame as shown here.\nSome applications didn\u0026rsquo;t run correctly in a sub frame, and needed to be loaded into the top frame of the window. The multi-window mode option allowed the AUT to run in a separate window rather than in the default frame where it could then have the top frame it required.\nFor older versions of Selenium you must specify multiwindow mode explicitly with the following option:\n-multiwindow As of Selenium RC 1.0, if you want to run your test within a single frame (i.e. using the standard for earlier Selenium versions) you can state this to the Selenium Server using the option\n-singlewindow Specifying the Firefox Profile Firefox will not run two instances simultaneously unless you specify a separate profile for each instance. Selenium RC 1.0 and later runs in a separate profile automatically, so if you are using Selenium 1.0, you can probably skip this section. However, if you\u0026rsquo;re using an older version of Selenium or if you need to use a specific profile for your tests (such as adding an https certificate or having some addons installed), you will need to explicitly specify the profile.\nFirst, to create a separate Firefox profile, follow this procedure. Open the Windows Start menu, select \u0026ldquo;Run\u0026rdquo;, then type and enter one of the following:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Create the new profile using the dialog. Then when you run Selenium Server, tell it to use this new Firefox profile with the server command-line option -firefoxProfileTemplate and specify the path to the profile using its filename and directory path.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Warning: Be sure to put your profile in a new folder separate from the default!!! The Firefox profile manager tool will delete all files in a folder if you delete a profile, regardless of whether they are profile files or not.\nMore information about Firefox profiles can be found in Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nRun Selenese Directly Within the Server Using -htmlSuite You can run Selenese html files directly within the Selenium Server by passing the html file to the server\u0026rsquo;s command line. For instance:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; This will automatically launch your HTML suite, run all the tests and save a nice HTML report with the results.\nNote: When using this option, the server will start the tests and wait for a specified number of seconds for the test to complete; if the test doesn\u0026rsquo;t complete within that amount of time, the command will exit with a non-zero exit code and no results file will be generated.\nThis command line is very long so be careful when you type it. Note this requires you to pass in an HTML Selenese suite, not a single test. Also be aware the -htmlSuite option is incompatible with -interactive You cannot run both at the same time.\nSelenium Server Logging Server-Side Logs When launching Selenium server the -log option can be used to record valuable debugging information reported by the Selenium Server to a text file.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log This log file is more verbose than the standard console logs (it includes DEBUG level logging messages). The log file also includes the logger name, and the ID number of the thread that logged the message. For example:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW The message format is\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE This message may be multiline.\nBrowser-Side Logs JavaScript on the browser side (Selenium Core) also logs important messages; in many cases, these can be more useful to the end-user than the regular Selenium Server logs. To access browser-side logs, pass the -browserSideLog argument to the Selenium Server.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog must be combined with the -log argument, to log browserSideLogs (as well as all other DEBUG level logging messages) to a file.\nSpecifying the Path to a Specific Browser You can specify to Selenium RC a path to a specific browser. This is useful if you have different versions of the same browser and you wish to use a specific one. Also, this is used to allow your tests to run against a browser not directly supported by Selenium RC. When specifying the run mode, use the *custom specifier followed by the full path to the browser\u0026rsquo;s executable:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC Architecture Note: This topic tries to explain the technical implementation behind Selenium RC. It\u0026rsquo;s not fundamental for a Selenium user to know this, but could be useful for understanding some of the problems you might find in the future.\nTo understand in detail how Selenium RC Server works and why it uses proxy injection and heightened privilege modes you must first understand the same origin policy_.\nThe Same Origin Policy The main restriction that Selenium faces is the Same Origin Policy. This security restriction is applied by every browser in the market and its objective is to ensure that a site\u0026rsquo;s content will never be accessible by a script from another site. The Same Origin Policy dictates that any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website\u0026rsquo;s domain. It cannot perform functions on another website. So for example, if the browser loads JavaScript code when it loads www.mysite.com, it cannot run that loaded code against www.mysite2.com\u0026ndash;even if that\u0026rsquo;s another of your sites. If this were possible, a script placed on any website you open would be able to read information on your bank account if you had the account page opened on other tab. This is called XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nTo work within this policy, Selenium-Core (and its JavaScript commands that make all the magic happen) must be placed in the same origin as the Application Under Test (same URL).\nHistorically, Selenium-Core was limited by this problem since it was implemented in JavaScript. Selenium RC is not, however, restricted by the Same Origin Policy. Its use of the Selenium Server as a proxy avoids this problem. It, essentially, tells the browser that the browser is working on a single \u0026ldquo;spoofed\u0026rdquo; website that the Server provides.\nNote: You can find additional information about this topic on Wikipedia pages about Same Origin Policy and XSS.\nProxy Injection The first method Selenium used to avoid the The Same Origin Policy was Proxy Injection. In Proxy Injection Mode, the Selenium Server acts as a client-configured HTTP proxy1, that sits between the browser and the Application Under Test2. It then masks the AUT under a fictional URL (embedding Selenium-Core and the set of tests and delivering them as if they were coming from the same origin).\nHere is an architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that injects Selenium-Core\u0026rsquo;s JavaScript into the browser-loaded web page. The client-driver passes a Selenese command to the server. The Server interprets the command and then triggers the corresponding JavaScript execution to execute that command within the browser. Selenium-Core instructs the browser to act on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks for the website\u0026rsquo;s content from the Selenium RC server (set as the HTTP proxy for the browser to use). Selenium RC server communicates with the Web server asking for the page and once it receives it, it sends the page to the browser masking the origin to look like the page comes from the same server as Selenium-Core (this allows Selenium-Core to comply with the Same Origin Policy). The browser receives the web page and renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Heightened Privileges Browsers This workflow in this method is very similar to Proxy Injection but the main difference is that the browsers are launched in a special mode called Heightened Privileges, which allows websites to do things that are not commonly permitted (as doing XSS_, or filling file upload inputs and pretty useful stuff for Selenium). By using these browser modes, Selenium Core is able to directly open the AUT and read/interact with its content without having to pass the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server.\nHere is the architectural diagram.\nAs a test suite starts in your favorite language, the following happens:\n The client/driver establishes a connection with the selenium-RC server. Selenium RC server launches a browser (or reuses an old one) with a URL that will load Selenium-Core in the web page. Selenium-Core gets the first instruction from the client/driver (via another HTTP request made to the Selenium RC Server). Selenium-Core acts on that first instruction, typically opening a page of the AUT. The browser receives the open request and asks the Web Server for the page. Once the browser receives the web page, renders it in the frame/window reserved for it.  Handling HTTPS and Security Popups Many applications switch from using HTTP to HTTPS when they need to send encrypted information such as passwords or credit card information. This is common with many of today\u0026rsquo;s web applications. Selenium RC supports this.\nTo ensure the HTTPS site is genuine, the browser will need a security certificate. Otherwise, when the browser accesses the AUT using HTTPS, it will assume that application is not \u0026lsquo;trusted\u0026rsquo;. When this occurs the browser displays security popups, and these popups cannot be closed using Selenium RC.\nWhen dealing with HTTPS in a Selenium RC test, you must use a run mode that supports this and handles the security certificate for you. You specify the run mode when your test program initializes Selenium.\nIn Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 and later use *firefox or *iexplore for the run mode. In earlier versions, including Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome or *iehta, for the run mode. Using these run modes, you will not need to install any special security certificates; Selenium RC will handle it for you.\nIn version 1.0 the run modes *firefox or *iexplore are recommended. However, there are additional run modes of *iexploreproxy and *firefoxproxy. These are provided for backwards compatibility only, and should not be used unless required by legacy test programs. Their use will present limitations with security certificate handling and with the running of multiple windows if your application opens additional browser windows.\nIn earlier versions of Selenium RC, *chrome or *iehta were the run modes that supported HTTPS and the handling of security popups. These were considered ‘experimental modes although they became quite stable and many people used them. If you are using Selenium 1.0 you do not need, and should not use, these older run modes.\nSecurity Certificates Explained Normally, your browser will trust the application you are testing by installing a security certificate which you already own. You can check this in your browser\u0026rsquo;s options or Internet properties (if you don\u0026rsquo;t know your AUT\u0026rsquo;s security certificate ask your system administrator). When Selenium loads your browser it injects code to intercept messages between the browser and the server. The browser now thinks untrusted software is trying to look like your application. It responds by alerting you with popup messages.\nTo get around this, Selenium RC, (again when using a run mode that support this) will install its own security certificate, temporarily, to your client machine in a place where the browser can access it. This tricks the browser into thinking it\u0026rsquo;s accessing a site different from your AUT and effectively suppresses the popups.\nAnother method used with earlier versions of Selenium was to install the Cybervillians security certificate provided with your Selenium installation. Most users should no longer need to do this however; if you are running Selenium RC in proxy injection mode, you may need to explicitly install this security certificate.\nSupporting Additional Browsers and Browser Configurations The Selenium API supports running against multiple browsers in addition to Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox. See the https://selenium.dev website for supported browsers. In addition, when a browser is not directly supported, you may still run your Selenium tests against a browser of your choosing by using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run-mode (i.e. in place of *firefox or *iexplore) when your test application starts the browser. With this, you pass in the path to the browsers executable within the API call. This can also be done from the Server in interactive mode.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Running Tests with Different Browser Configurations Normally Selenium RC automatically configures the browser, but if you launch the browser using the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; run mode, you can force Selenium RC to launch the browser as-is, without using an automatic configuration.\nFor example, you can launch Firefox with a custom configuration like this:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Note that when launching the browser this way, you must manually configure the browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy. Normally this just means opening your browser preferences and specifying \u0026ldquo;localhost:4444\u0026rdquo; as an HTTP proxy, but instructions for this can differ radically from browser to browser. Consult your browser\u0026rsquo;s documentation for details.\nBe aware that Mozilla browsers can vary in how they start and stop. One may need to set the MOZ_NO_REMOTE environment variable to make Mozilla browsers behave a little more predictably. Unix users should avoid launching the browser using a shell script; it\u0026rsquo;s generally better to use the binary executable (e.g. firefox-bin) directly.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems When getting started with Selenium RC there\u0026rsquo;s a few potential problems that are commonly encountered. We present them along with their solutions here.\nUnable to Connect to Server When your test program cannot connect to the Selenium Server, Selenium throws an exception in your test program. It should display this message or a similar one:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) If you see a message like this, be sure you started the Selenium Server. If so, then there is a problem with the connectivity between the Selenium Client Library and the Selenium Server.\nWhen starting with Selenium RC, most people begin by running their test program (with a Selenium Client Library) and the Selenium Server on the same machine. To do this use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; as your connection parameter. We recommend beginning this way since it reduces the influence of potential networking problems which you\u0026rsquo;re getting started. Assuming your operating system has typical networking and TCP/IP settings you should have little difficulty. In truth, many people choose to run the tests this way.\nIf, however, you do want to run Selenium Server on a remote machine, the connectivity should be fine assuming you have valid TCP/IP connectivity between the two machines.\nIf you have difficulty connecting, you can use common networking tools like ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows), etc to ensure you have a valid network connection. If unfamilar with these, your system administrator can assist you.\nUnable to Load the Browser Ok, not a friendly error message, sorry, but if the Selenium Server cannot load the browser you will likely see this error.\n(500) Internal Server Error This could be caused by\n Firefox (prior to Selenium 1.0) cannot start because the browser is already open and you did not specify a separate profile. See the section on Firefox profiles under Server Options. The run mode you\u0026rsquo;re using doesn\u0026rsquo;t match any browser on your machine. Check the parameters you passed to Selenium when you program opens the browser. You specified the path to the browser explicitly (using \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;see above) but the path is incorrect. Check to be sure the path is correct. Also check the user group to be sure there are no known issues with your browser and the \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; parameters.  Selenium Cannot Find the AUT If your test program starts the browser successfully, but the browser doesn\u0026rsquo;t display the website you\u0026rsquo;re testing, the most likely cause is your test program is not using the correct URL.\nThis can easily happen. When you use Selenium-IDE to export your script, it inserts a dummy URL. You must manually change the URL to the correct one for your application to be tested.\nFirefox Refused Shutdown While Preparing a Profile This most often occurs when you run your Selenium RC test program against Firefox, but you already have a Firefox browser session running and, you didn\u0026rsquo;t specify a separate profile when you started the Selenium Server. The error from the test program looks like this:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Here\u0026rsquo;s the complete error message from the server:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock To resolve this, see the section on Specifying a Separate Firefox Profile\nVersioning Problems Make sure your version of Selenium supports the version of your browser. For example, Selenium RC 0.92 does not support Firefox 3. At times you may be lucky (I was). But don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check which browser versions are supported by the version of Selenium you are using. When in doubt, use the latest release version of Selenium with the most widely used version of your browser.\nError message: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; while starting server This error says you\u0026rsquo;re not using a correct version of Java. The Selenium Server requires Java 1.5 or higher.\nTo check double-check your java version, run this from the command line.\njava -version You should see a message showing the Java version.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) If you see a lower version number, you may need to update the JRE, or you may simply need to add it to your PATH environment variable.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command If you\u0026rsquo;re getting a 404 error while attempting to open a page on \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, then it must be because the Selenium Server was not correctly configured as a proxy. The \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; directory doesn\u0026rsquo;t exist on google.com; it only appears to exist when the proxy is properly configured. Proxy Configuration highly depends on how the browser is launched with firefox, iexplore, opera, or custom.\n  iexplore: If the browser is launched using *iexplore, you could be having a problem with Internet Explorer\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings. Selenium Server attempts To configure the global proxy settings in the Internet Options Control Panel. You must make sure that those are correctly configured when Selenium Server launches the browser. Try looking at your Internet Options control panel. Click on the \u0026ldquo;Connections\u0026rdquo; tab and click on \u0026ldquo;LAN Settings\u0026rdquo;.\n If you need to use a proxy to access the application you want to test, you\u0026rsquo;ll need to start Selenium Server with \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; see the Proxy Configuration_ for more details. You may also try configuring your proxy manually and then launching the browser with *custom, or with *iehta browser launcher.    custom: When using *custom you must configure the proxy correctly(manually), otherwise you\u0026rsquo;ll get a 404 error. Double-check that you\u0026rsquo;ve configured your proxy settings correctly. To check whether you\u0026rsquo;ve configured the proxy correctly is to attempt to intentionally configure the browser incorrectly. Try configuring the browser to use the wrong proxy server hostname, or the wrong port. If you had successfully configured the browser\u0026rsquo;s proxy settings incorrectly, then the browser will be unable to connect to the Internet, which is one way to make sure that one is adjusting the relevant settings.\n  For other browsers (*firefox, *opera) we automatically hard-code the proxy for you, and so there are no known issues with this functionality. If you\u0026rsquo;re encountering 404 errors and have followed this user guide carefully post your results to user group for some help from the user community.\n  Permission Denied Error The most common reason for this error is that your session is attempting to violate the same-origin policy by crossing domain boundaries (e.g., accesses a page from http://domain1 and then accesses a page from http://domain2) or switching protocols (moving from http://domainX to https://domainX).\nThis error can also occur when JavaScript attempts to find UI objects which are not yet available (before the page has completely loaded), or are no longer available (after the page has started to be unloaded). This is most typically encountered with AJAX pages which are working with sections of a page or subframes that load and/or reload independently of the larger page.\nThis error can be intermittent. Often it is impossible to reproduce the problem with a debugger because the trouble stems from race conditions which are not reproducible when the debugger\u0026rsquo;s overhead is added to the system. Permission issues are covered in some detail in the tutorial. Read the section about the The Same Origin Policy_, Proxy Injection_ carefully.\nHandling Browser Popup Windows There are several kinds of \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; that you can get during a Selenium test. You may not be able to close these popups by running Selenium commands if they are initiated by the browser and not your AUT. You may need to know how to manage these. Each type of popup needs to be addressed differently.\n  HTTP basic authentication dialogs: These dialogs prompt for a username/password to login to the site. To login to a site that requires HTTP basic authentication, use a username and password in the URL, as described in RFC 1738_, like this: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  SSL certificate warnings: Selenium RC automatically attempts to spoof SSL certificates when it is enabled as a proxy; see more on this in the section on HTTPS. If your browser is configured correctly, you should never see SSL certificate warnings, but you may need to configure your browser to trust our dangerous \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL certificate authority. Again, refer to the HTTPS section for how to do this.\n  modal JavaScript alert/confirmation/prompt dialogs: Selenium tries to conceal those dialogs from you (by replacing window.alert, window.confirm and window.prompt) so they won\u0026rsquo;t stop the execution of your page. If you\u0026rsquo;re seeing an alert pop-up, it\u0026rsquo;s probably because it fired during the page load process, which is usually too early for us to protect the page. Selenese contains commands for asserting or verifying alert and confirmation popups. See the sections on these topics in Chapter 4.\n  On Linux, why isn\u0026rsquo;t my Firefox browser session closing? On Unix/Linux you must invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so make sure that executable is on the path. If executing Firefox through a shell script, when it comes time to kill the browser Selenium RC will kill the shell script, leaving the browser running. You can specify the path to firefox-bin directly, like this.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome doesn\u0026rsquo;t work with custom profile Check Firefox profile folder -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comment this line like this: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; and try again.\nIs it ok to load a custom pop-up as the parent page is loading (i.e., before the parent page\u0026rsquo;s javascript window.onload() function runs)? No. Selenium relies on interceptors to determine window names as they are being loaded. These interceptors work best in catching new windows if the windows are loaded AFTER the onload() function. Selenium may not recognize windows loaded before the onload function.\nFirefox on Linux On Unix/Linux, versions of Selenium before 1.0 needed to invoke \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; directly, so if you are using a previous version, make sure that the real executable is on the path.\nOn most Linux distributions, the real firefox-bin is located on:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Where the x.x.x is the version number you currently have. So, to add that path to the user\u0026rsquo;s path. you will have to add the following to your .bashrc file:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; If necessary, you can specify the path to firefox-bin directly in your test, like this:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE and Style Attributes If you are running your tests on Internet Explorer and you cannot locate elements using their style attribute. For example:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] This would work perfectly in Firefox, Opera or Safari but not with IE. IE interprets the keys in @style as uppercase. So, even if the source code is in lowercase, you should use:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] This is a problem if your test is intended to work on multiple browsers, but you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative locator that only works in IE.\nError encountered - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Error encountered in IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker AND uncheck \u0026lsquo;Enable Protected Mode\u0026rsquo; option in Tools \u0026raquo; Options \u0026raquo; Security.\n  The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a \u0026ldquo;web server\u0026rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of \u0026ldquo;lying\u0026rdquo; about the AUT\u0026rsquo;s real URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"The Selenium project and tools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium controls web browsers Selenium is many things but at its core, it is a toolset for web browser automation that uses the best techniques available to remotely control browser instances and emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser.\nIt allows users to simulate common activities performed by end-users; entering text into fields, selecting drop-down values and checking boxes, and clicking links in documents. It also provides many other controls such as mouse movement, arbitrary JavaScript execution, and much more.\nAlthough used primarily for front-end testing of websites, Selenium is at its core a browser user agent library. The interfaces are ubiquitous to their application, which encourages composition with other libraries to suit your purpose.\nOne interface to rule them all One of the project\u0026rsquo;s guiding principles is to support a common interface for all (major) browser technologies. Web browsers are incredibly complex, highly engineered applications, performing their operations in completely different ways but which frequently look the same while doing so. Even though the text is rendered in the same fonts, the images are displayed in the same place and the links take you to the same destination. What is happening underneath is as different as night and day. Selenium “abstracts” these differences, hiding their details and intricacies from the person writing the code. This allows you to write several lines of code to perform a complicated workflow, but these same lines will execute on Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, and all other supported browsers.\nTools and support Selenium\u0026rsquo;s minimalist design approach gives it the versatility to be included as a component in bigger applications. The surrounding infrastructure provided under the Selenium umbrella gives you the tools to put together your grid of browsers so tests can be run on different browsers and multiple operating systems across a range of machines.\nImagine a bank of computers in your server room or data center all firing up browsers at the same time hitting your site\u0026rsquo;s links, forms, and tables—testing your application 24 hours a day. Through the simple programming interface provided for the most common languages, these tests will run tirelessly in parallel, reporting back to you when errors occur.\nIt\u0026rsquo;s an aim to help make this a reality for you, by providing users with tools and documentation to not only control browsers, but to make it easy to scale and deploy such grids.\nWho uses Selenium Many of the most important companies in the world have adopted Selenium for their browser-based testing, often replacing years-long efforts involving other proprietary tools. As it has grown in popularity, so have its requirements and challenges multiplied.\nAs the web becomes more complicated and new technologies are added to websites, it\u0026rsquo;s the mission of this project to keep up with them where possible. Being an open source project, this support is provided through the generous donation of time from many volunteers, every one of which has a “day job”.\nAnother mission of the project is to encourage more volunteers to partake in this effort, and build a strong community so that the project can continue to keep up with emerging technologies and remain a dominant platform for functional test automation.\nHistory When Selenium 1 was released in 2004, it was out of the necessity to reduce time spent manually verifying consistent behaviour in the front-end of a web application. It made use of what tools were available at the time and relied heavily on the injection of JavaScript to the web page under test to emulate a user\u0026rsquo;s interaction.\nWhilst JavaScript is a good tool to let you introspect the properties of the DOM and to do certain client-side observations that you would otherwise not be able to do, it falls short on the ability to naturally replicate a user\u0026rsquo;s interactions as if the mouse and keyboard are being used.\nSince then, Selenium has grown and matured a lot, into a tool widely used by many—if not most—of the largest organisations around the world. Selenium has gone from a homebrewed test automation toolkit developed at Thoughtworks for a niché audience and a specific use case, to the world\u0026rsquo;s de facto browser automation library.\nJust as Selenium RC made use of the tools of the trade available at the time, Selenium WebDriver drives that tradition on by taking the browser interaction part to the browser vendor\u0026rsquo;s home turf and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations. Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium into the du jeur remote control library for user agents.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Two Factor Authentication","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Two Factor Authentication (2FA) is an authorization mechanism where a One Time Password (OTP) is generated using \u0026ldquo;Authenticator\u0026rdquo; mobile apps such as \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., or by SMS, e-mail to authenticate. Automating this seamlessly and consistently is a big challenge in Selenium. There are some ways to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.\nThere are few options to get around 2FA checks:\n Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can use those user credentials in the automation. Disable 2FA in your test environment. Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our test machine IPs to avoid this.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Understanding the componets","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Building a test suite using WebDriver will require you to understand and effectively use a number of different components. As with everything in software, different people use different terms for the same idea. Below is a breakdown of how terms are used in this description.\nTerminology  API: Application Programming Interface. This is the set of \u0026ldquo;commands\u0026rdquo; you use to manipulate WebDriver. Library: A code module which contains the APIs and the code necessary to implement them. Libraries are specific to each language binding, eg .jar files for Java, .dll files for .NET, etc. Driver: Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself, not on the system executing the test suite. (Although those may be the same system.) NOTE: Some people refer to the drivers as proxies. Framework: An additional library used as a support for WebDriver suites. These frameworks may be test frameworks such as JUnit or NUnit. They may also be frameworks supporting natural language features such as Cucumber or Robotium. Frameworks may also be written and used for things such as manipulating or configuring the system under test, data creation, test oracles, etc.  The Parts and Pieces At its minimum, WebDriver talks to a browser through a driver. Communication is two way: WebDriver passes commands to the browser through the driver, and receives information back via the same route.\nThe driver is specific to the browser, such as ChromeDriver for Google\u0026rsquo;s Chrome/Chromium, GeckoDriver for Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox, etc. The driver runs on the same system as the browser. This may, or may not be, the same system where the tests themselves are executing.\nThis simple example above is direct communication. Communication to the browser may also be remote communication through Selenium Server or RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver runs on the same system as the driver and the browser.\nRemote communication can also take place using Selenium Server or Selenium Grid, both of which in turn talk to the driver on the host system\nWhere Frameworks fit in WebDriver has one job and one job only: communicate with the browser via any of the methods above. WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t know a thing about testing: it doesn\u0026rsquo;t know how to compare things, assert pass or fail, and it certainly doesn\u0026rsquo;t know a thing about reporting or Given/When/Then grammar.\nThis is where various frameworks come in to play. At a minimum you\u0026rsquo;ll need a test framework that matches the language bindings, eg NUnit for .NET, JUnit for Java, RSpec for Ruby, etc.\nThe test framework is responsible for running and executing your WebDriver and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin to the following image.\nNatural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework entirely in their own implementation.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Domain specific language","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A domain specific language (DSL) is a system which provides the user with an expressive means of solving a problem. It allows a user to interact with the system on their terms – not just programmer-speak.\nYour users, in general, do not care how your site looks. They do not care about the decoration, animations, or graphics. They want to use your system to push their new employees through the process with minimal difficulty; they want to book travel to Alaska; they want to configure and buy unicorns at a discount. Your job as tester is to come as close as you can to “capturing” this mind-set. With that in mind, we set about “modeling” the application you are working on, such that the test scripts (the user\u0026rsquo;s only pre-release proxy) “speak” for, and represent the user.\nWith Selenium, DSL is usually represented by methods, written to make the API simple and readable – they enable a report between the developers and the stakeholders (users, product owners, business intelligence specialists, etc.).\nBenefits  Readable: Business stakeholders can understand it. Writable: Easy to write, avoids unnecessary duplication. Extensible: Functionality can (reasonably) be added without breaking contracts and existing functionality. Maintainable: By leaving the implementation details out of test cases, you are well-insulated against changes to the AUT*.  Java Here is an example of a reasonable DSL method in Java. For brevity\u0026rsquo;s sake, it assumes the driver object is pre-defined and available to the method.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } This method completely abstracts the concepts of input fields, buttons, clicking, and even pages from your test code. Using this approach, all a tester has to do is call this method. This gives you a maintenance advantage: if the login fields ever changed, you would only ever have to change this method - not your tests.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } It bears repeating: one of your primary goals should be writing an API that allows your tests to address the problem at hand, and NOT the problem of the UI. The UI is a secondary concern for your users – they do not care about the UI, they just want to get their job done. Your test scripts should read like a laundry list of things the user wants to DO, and the things they want to KNOW. The tests should not concern themselves with HOW the UI requires you to go about it.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Driver requirements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Through WebDriver, Selenium supports all major browsers on the market such as Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari. Where possible, WebDriver drives the browser using the browser\u0026rsquo;s built-in support for automation, although not all browsers have official support for remote control.\nWebDriver\u0026rsquo;s aim is to emulate a real user\u0026rsquo;s interaction with the browser as closely as possible. This is possible at varying levels in different browsers. For more details on the different driver idiosyncrasies, please see Driver Idiosyncrasies.\nEven though all the drivers share a single user-facing interface for controlling the browser, they have slightly different ways of setting up browser sessions. Since many of the driver implementations are provided by third parties, they are not included in the standard Selenium distribution.\nDriver instantiation, profile management, and various browser specific settings are examples of parameters that have different requirements depending on the browser. This section explains the basic requirements for getting you started with the different browsers.\nAdding Executables to your PATH Most drivers require an extra executable for Selenium to communicate with the browser. You can manually specify where the executable lives before starting WebDriver, but this can make your tests less portable, as the executables will need to be in the same place on every machine, or included within your test code repository.\nBy adding a folder containing WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s binaries to your system\u0026rsquo;s path, Selenium will be able to locate the additional binaries without requiring your test code to locate the exact location of the driver.\n Create a directory to place the executables in, like C:\\WebDriver\\bin or /opt/WebDriver/bin Add the directory to your PATH:  On Windows - Open a command prompt as administrator and the run the following command to permanently add the directory to your path for all users on your machine:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Bash users on macOS and Linux - In a terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   You are now ready to test your changes. Close all open command prompts and open a new one. Type out the name of one of the binaries in the folder you created in the previous step, e.g:\nchromedriver   If your PATH is configured correctly, you will see some output relating to the startup of the driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. You can regain control of your command prompt by pressing Ctrl + C\nQuick reference    Browser Supported OS Maintained by Download Issue Tracker     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Issues   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Issues   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Issues   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Issues   Safari macOS El Capitan and newer Apple Built in Issues   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Issues    Chromium/Chrome To drive Chrome or Chromium, you have to download chromedriver and put it in a folder that is on your system\u0026rsquo;s path.\nOn Linux or macOS, this means modifying the PATH environmental variable. You can see what directories, separated by a colon, make up your system\u0026rsquo;s path by executing the following command:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin To include chromedriver on the path if it isn\u0026rsquo;t already, make sure you include the chromedriver binary\u0026rsquo;s parent directory. The following line will set the PATH environmental variable its current content, plus an additional path added after the colon:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; When chromedriver is available on your path, you should be able to execute the chromedriver executable from any directory.\nTo instantiate a Chrome/Chromium session, you can do the following:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     The chromedriver is implemented as a WebDriver remote server that by exposing Chrome\u0026rsquo;s internal automation proxy interface instructs the browser what to do.\nFirefox Starting with Selenium 3, Mozilla has taken over implementation of Firefox Driver, with geckodriver. The new driver for Firefox is called geckodriver and works with Firefox 48 and newer. Since the Firefox WebDriver is under development, the newer the Firefox version the better the support.\nAs geckodriver is the new default way of launching Firefox, you can instantiate Firefox in the same way as Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     If you prefer not to set geckodriver\u0026rsquo;s location using PATH, set the geckodriver binary location programmatically:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     It is also possible to set the property at run time:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver It is currently possible to revert to the older, more feature complete Firefox driver, by installing Firefox 47.0.1 or 45 ESR and specifying a desired capability of marionette as false. Later releases of Firefox are no longer compatible.\nEdge Edge is Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s newest browser, included with Windows 10 and Server 2016. Updates to Edge are bundled with major Windows updates, so you\u0026rsquo;ll need to download a binary which matches the build number of your currently installed build of Windows. The Edge Developer site contains links to all the available binaries. Bugs against the EdgeDriver implementation can be raised with Microsoft. If you\u0026rsquo;d like to run tests against Edge, but aren\u0026rsquo;t running Windows 10, Microsoft offer free VMs for testers on the Edge Developer site.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     If Edge driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer Internet Explorer was Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s default browser until Windows 10, although it is still included in Windows 10. Internet Explorer Driver is the only driver The Selenium project aims to support the same releases Microsoft considers current. Older releases may work, but will be unsupported.\nWhile the Selenium project provides binaries for both the 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Internet Explorer, there are some limitations with Internet Explorer 10 \u0026amp; 11 with the 64-bit driver, but using the 32-bit driver continues to work well. It should be noted that as Internet Explorer preferences are saved against the logged in user\u0026rsquo;s account, some additional setup is required.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     If Internet Explorer driver is not present in your path, you can set the path using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:\\path\\to\\IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Microsoft also offer a WebDriver binary for Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7 \u0026amp; 8.1. It has not been updated since 2014 and is based of a draft version of the W3 specification. Jim Evans has an excellent writeup on Microsoft\u0026rsquo;s implementation.\nOpera Current releases of Opera are built on top of the Chromium engine, and WebDriver is now supported via the closed-source Opera Chromium Driver, which can be added to your PATH or as a system property.\nInstantiating a driver session is similar to Firefox and Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n Enable the Developer menu from Safari preferences Check the Allow Remote Automation option from with the Develop menu Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ You can then start a driver session using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Those looking to automate Safari on iOS should look to the Appium project. Whilst Safari was previously available for Windows, Apple has long since dropped support, making it a poor choice of test platform.\nMock browsers HtmlUnit HtmlUnit is a \u0026ldquo;GUI-Less browser for Java programs\u0026rdquo;. It models HTML documents and provides an API that allows you to invoke pages, fill out forms, click links, etc. It has JavaScript support and is able to work with AJAX libraries, simulating Chrome, Firefox or Internet Explorer depending on the configuration used. It has been moved to a new location. The source is maintained on svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS is a headless browser based on Webkit, albeit a version much older than that used by Google Chrome or Safari. Whilst historically a popular choice, it would now be wise to avoid PhantomJS. The project has been unmaintained since the 5th of August, so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated. This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly, something also now offered by Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Firefox.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Driver specifieke capabilities","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definieer Capabilities met FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions is de nieuwe manier om capabilities te bepalen voor Firefox. Het is aangeraden om FirefoxOptions te gebruiken in plaats van DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Setting a custom profile Het is mogelijk om een eigen Firefox profiel te gebruiken zoals hieronder word getoond.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Het kan gebeuren dat Internet Explorer een timeout gooit wanneer het File Upload venster geopend word. IEDriver heeft standaard een timeout van 1000ms. Deze kan, in het geval van het File Upload venster, verhoogd worden via de fileUploadDialogTimeout-capability.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession When set to true, this capability clears the Cache, Browser History and Cookies for all running instances of InternetExplorer including those started manually or by the driver. By default, it is set to false.\nUsing this capability will cause performance drop while launching the browser, as the driver will wait until the cache gets cleared before launching the IE browser.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer driver expects the browser zoom level to be 100%, else the driver will throw an exception. This default behaviour can be disabled by setting the ignoreZoomSetting to true.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Whether to skip the Protected Mode check while launching a new IE session.\nIf not set and Protected Mode settings are not same for all zones, an exception will be thrown by the driver.\nIf capability is set to true, tests may become flaky, unresponsive, or browsers may hang. However, this is still by far a second-best choice, and the first choice should always be to actually set the Protected Mode settings of each zone manually. If a user is using this property, only a \u0026ldquo;best effort\u0026rdquo; at support will be given.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent When set to true, this capability suppresses the diagnostic output of the IEDriverServer.\nThis capability accepts a Boolean value as parameter.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE Command-Line Options Internet Explorer includes several command-line options that enable you to troubleshoot and configure the browser.\nThe following describes few supported command-line options\n  -private : Used to start IE in private browsing mode. This works for IE 8 and later versions.\n  -k : Starts Internet Explorer in kiosk mode. The browser opens in a maximized window that does not display the address bar, the navigation buttons, or the status bar.\n  -extoff : Starts IE in no add-on mode. This option specifically used to troubleshoot problems with browser add-ons. Works in IE 7 and later versions.\n  Note: forceCreateProcessApi should to enabled in-order for command line arguments to work.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps); } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Forces launching Internet Explorer using the CreateProcess API. The default value is false.\nFor IE 8 and above, this option requires the \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; registry value to be set to 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Externe drivers en plugins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium ondersteunt externe plugins. Hieronder vind je plugins die ontwikkeld zijn en onderhouden worden door externe partijen. Meer informatie omtrent het ontwikkelen van je eigen plugin of het publiceren ervan kan je de documentatie raadplegen.\nDeze plugins worden niet ondersteund, onderhouden, gehost of aanbevolen door het Selenium project. De plugins die hieronder opgelijst staan, dragen niet altijd de Apache License v2.0. Sommige plugins vallen onder een andere gratis of open source licentie; anderen zijn enkel beschikbaar onder patent. Vragen in verband met licenties van plugins dienen gericht te worden aan de respectievelijke ontwikkelaars.\n   Browser Latest Change log Issue Tracker     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Built in - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"File downloads","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium\u0026rsquo;s control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.\nThe HtmlUnit driver can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the AttachmentHandler interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Installing WebDriver binaries","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing WebDriver binaries To execute your project and control browser you need to have browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.\nDownload the WebDriver binary supported by your browser and place it in the System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/","title":"Introduction","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrating from RC to WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n How to Migrate to Selenium WebDriver A common question when adopting Selenium 2 is what\u0026rsquo;s the correct thing to do when adding new tests to an existing set of tests? Users who are new to the framework can begin by using the new WebDriver APIs for writing their tests. But what of users who already have suites of existing tests? This guide is designed to demonstrate how to migrate your existing tests to the new APIs, allowing all new tests to be written using the new features offered by WebDriver.\nThe method presented here describes a piecemeal migration to the WebDriver APIs without needing to rework everything in one massive push. This means that you can allow more time for migrating your existing tests, which may make it easier for you to decide where to spend your effort.\nThis guide is written using Java, because this has the best support for making the migration. As we provide better tools for other languages, this guide shall be expanded to include those languages.\nWhy Migrate to WebDriver Moving a suite of tests from one API to another API requires an enormous amount of effort. Why would you and your team consider making this move? Here are some reasons why you should consider migrating your Selenium Tests to use WebDriver.\n Smaller, compact API. WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s API is more Object Oriented than the original Selenium RC API. This can make it easier to work with. Better emulation of user interactions. Where possible, WebDriver makes use of native events in order to interact with a web page. This more closely mimics the way that your users work with your site and apps. In addition, WebDriver offers the advanced user interactions APIs which allow you to model complex interactions with your site. Support by browser vendors. Opera, Mozilla and Google are all active participants in WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s development, and each have engineers working to improve the framework. Often, this means that support for WebDriver is baked into the browser itself: your tests run as fast and as stably as possible.  Before Starting In order to make the process of migrating as painless as possible, make sure that all your tests run properly with the latest Selenium release. This may sound obvious, but it\u0026rsquo;s best to have it said!\nGetting Started The first step when starting the migration is to change how you obtain your instance of Selenium. When using Selenium RC, this is done like so:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); This should be replaced like so:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Next Steps Once your tests execute without errors, the next stage is to migrate the actual test code to use the WebDriver APIs. Depending on how well abstracted your code is, this might be a short process or a long one. In either case, the approach is the same and can be summed up simply: modify code to use the new API when you come to edit it.\nIf you need to extract the underlying WebDriver implementation from the Selenium instance, you can simply cast it to WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); This allows you to continue passing the Selenium instance around as normal, but to unwrap the WebDriver instance as required.\nAt some point, you\u0026rsquo;re codebase will mostly be using the newer APIs. At this point, you can flip the relationship, using WebDriver throughout and instantiating a Selenium instance on demand:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Common Problems Fortunately, you\u0026rsquo;re not the first person to go through this migration, so here are some common problems that others have seen, and how to solve them.\nClicking and Typing is More Complete A common pattern in a Selenium RC test is to see something like:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); This relies on the fact that \u0026ldquo;type\u0026rdquo; simply replaces the content of the identified element without also firing all the events that would normally be fired if a user interacts with the page. The final direct invocations of \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; cause the JS handlers to fire as expected.\nWhen using the WebDriverBackedSelenium, the result of filling in the form field would be \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: not what you\u0026rsquo;d expect! The reason for this is that WebDriver more accurately emulates user behavior, and so will have been firing events all along.\nThis same fact may sometimes cause a page load to fire earlier than it would do in a Selenium 1 test. You can tell that this has happened if a \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; is thrown by WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad Returns Too Soon Discovering when a page load is complete is a tricky business. Do we mean \u0026ldquo;when the load event fires\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when all AJAX requests are complete\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when there\u0026rsquo;s no network traffic\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;when document.readyState has changed\u0026rdquo; or something else entirely?\nWebDriver attempts to simulate the original Selenium behavior, but this doesn\u0026rsquo;t always work perfectly for various reasons. The most common reason is that it\u0026rsquo;s hard to tell the difference between a page load not having started yet, and a page load having completed between method calls. This sometimes means that control is returned to your test before the page has finished (or even started!) loading.\nThe solution to this is to wait on something specific. Commonly, this might be for the element you want to interact with next, or for some Javascript variable to be set to a specific value. An example would be:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Where \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; is implemented as:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } This may look complex, but it\u0026rsquo;s almost all boiler-plate code. The only interesting bit is that the \u0026ldquo;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo; will be evaluated repeatedly until the \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; method returns something that is neither \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nor Boolean.FALSE.\nOf course, adding all these \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; calls may clutter up your code. If that\u0026rsquo;s the case, and your needs are simple, consider using the implicit waits:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); By doing this, every time an element is located, if the element is not present, the location is retried until either it is present, or until 30 seconds have passed.\nFinding By XPath or CSS Selectors Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Always Work, But It Does In Selenium 1 In Selenium 1, it was common for xpath to use a bundled library rather than the capabilities of the browser itself. WebDriver will always use the native browser methods unless there\u0026rsquo;s no alternative. That means that complex xpath expressions may break on some browsers.\nCSS Selectors in Selenium 1 were implemented using the Sizzle library. This implements a superset of the CSS Selector spec, and it\u0026rsquo;s not always clear where you\u0026rsquo;ve crossed the line. If you\u0026rsquo;re using the WebDriverBackedSelenium and use a Sizzle locator instead of a CSS Selector for finding elements, a warning will be logged to the console. It\u0026rsquo;s worth taking the time to look for these, particularly if tests are failing because of not being able to find elements.\nThere is No Browserbot Selenium RC was based on Selenium Core, and therefore when you executed Javascript, you could access bits of Selenium Core to make things easier. As WebDriver is not based on Selenium Core, this is no longer possible. How can you tell if you\u0026rsquo;re using Selenium Core? Simple! Just look to see if your \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; or similar calls are using \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; in the evaluated Javascript.\nYou might be using the browserbot to obtain a handle to the current window or document of the test. Fortunately, WebDriver always evaluates JS in the context of the current window, so you can use \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; directly.\nAlternatively, you might be using the browserbot to locate elements. In WebDriver, the idiom for doing this is to first locate the element, and then pass that as an argument to the Javascript. Thus:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); becomes:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Notice how the passed in \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; variable appears as the first item in the JS standard \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; array.\nExecuting Javascript Doesn\u0026rsquo;t Return Anything WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo; keyword:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); becomes:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"On test automation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n First, start by asking yourself whether or not you really need to use a browser. Odds are that, at some point, if you are working on a complex web application, you will need to open a browser and actually test it.\nFunctional end-user tests such as Selenium tests are expensive to run, however. Furthermore, they typically require substantial infrastructure to be in place to be run effectively. It is a good rule to always ask yourself if what you want to test can be done using more lightweight test approaches such as unit tests or with a lower-level approach.\nOnce you have made the determination that you are in the web browser testing business, and you have your Selenium environment ready to begin writing tests, you will generally perform some combination of three steps:\n Set up the data Perform a discrete set of actions Evaluate the results  You will want to keep these steps as short as possible; one or two operations should be enough most of the time. Browser automation has the reputation of being “flaky”, but in reality, that is because users frequently demand too much of it. In later chapters, we will return to techniques you can use to mitigate apparent intermittent problems in tests, in particular on how to overcome race conditions between the browser and WebDriver.\nBy keeping your tests short and using the web browser only when you have absolutely no alternative, you can have many tests with minimal flake.\nA distinct advantage of Selenium tests is their inherent ability to test all components of the application, from backend to frontend, from a user\u0026rsquo;s perspective. So in other words, whilst functional tests may be expensive to run, they also encompass large business-critical portions at one time.\nTesting requirements As mentioned before, Selenium tests can be expensive to run. To what extent depends on the browser you are running the tests against, but historically browsers\u0026rsquo; behaviour has varied so much that it has often been a stated goal to cross-test against multiple browsers.\nSelenium allows you to run the same instructions against multiple browsers on multiple operating systems, but the enumeration of all the possible browsers, their different versions, and the many operating systems they run on will quickly become a non-trivial undertaking.\nLet’s start with an example Larry has written a web site which allows users to order their custom unicorns.\nThe general workflow (what we will call the “happy path”) is something like this:\n Create an account Configure the unicorn Add it to the shopping cart Check out and pay Give feedback about the unicorn  It would be tempting to write one grand Selenium script to perform all these operations–many will try. Resist the temptation! Doing so will result in a test that a) takes a long time, b) will be subject to some common issues around page rendering timing issues, and c) is such that if it fails, it will not give you a concise, “glanceable” method for diagnosing what went wrong.\nThe preferred strategy for testing this scenario would be to break it down to a series of independent, speedy tests, each of which has one “reason” to exist.\nLet us pretend you want to test the second step: Configuring your unicorn. It will perform the following actions:\n Create an account Configure a unicorn  Note that we are skipping the rest of these steps, we will test the rest of the workflow in other small, discrete test cases after we are done with this one.\nTo start, you need to create an account. Here you have some choices to make:\n Do you want to use an existing account? Do you want to create a new account? Are there any special properties of such a user that need to be taken into account before configuration begins?  Regardless of how you answer this question, the solution is to make it part of the \u0026ldquo;set up the data\u0026rdquo; portion of the test. If Larry has exposed an API that enables you (or anyone) to create and update user accounts, be sure to use that to answer this question. If possible, you want to launch the browser only after you have a user \u0026ldquo;in hand\u0026rdquo;, whose credentials you can just log in with.\nIf each test for each workflow begins with the creation of a user account, many seconds will be added to the execution of each test. Calling an API and talking to a database are quick, “headless” operations that don\u0026rsquo;t require the expensive process of opening a browser, navigating to the right pages, clicking and waiting for the forms to be submitted, etc.\nIdeally, you can address this set-up phase in one line of code, which will execute before any browser is launched:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     As you can imagine, the UserFactory can be extended to provide methods such as createAdminUser(), and createUserWithPayment(). The point is, these two lines of code do not distract you from the ultimate purpose of this test: configuring a unicorn.\nThe intricacies of the Page Object model will be discussed in later chapters, but we will introduce the concept here:\nYour tests should be composed of actions, performed from the user\u0026rsquo;s point of view, within the context of pages in the site. These pages are stored as objects, which will contain specific information about how the web page is composed and how actions are performed– very little of which should concern you as a tester.\nWhat kind of unicorn do you want? You might want pink, but not necessarily. Purple has been quite popular lately. Does she need sunglasses? Star tattoos? These choices, while difficult, are your primary concern as a tester– you need to ensure that your order fulfillment center sends out the right unicorn to the right person, and that starts with these choices.\nNotice that nowhere in that paragraph do we talk about buttons, fields, drop-downs, radio buttons, or web forms. Neither should your tests! You want to write your code like the user trying to solve their problem. Here is one way of doing this (continuing from the previous example):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Now that you have configured your unicorn, you need to move on to step 3: making sure it actually worked.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Note that the tester still has not done anything but talk about unicorns in this code– no buttons, no locators, no browser controls. This method of modelling the application allows you to keep these test-level commands in place and unchanging, even if Larry decides next week that he no longer likes Ruby-on-Rails and decides to re-implement the entire site in the latest Haskell bindings with a Fortran front-end.\nYour page objects will require some small maintenance in order to conform to the site redesign, but these tests will remain the same. Taking this basic design, you will want to keep going through your workflows with the fewest browser-facing steps possible. Your next workflow will involve adding a unicorn to the shopping cart. You will probably want many iterations of this test in order to make sure the cart is keeping its state properly: Is there more than one unicorn in the cart before you start? How many can fit in the shopping cart? If you create more than one with the same name and/or features, will it break? Will it only keep the existing one or will it add another?\nEach time you move through the workflow, you want to try to avoid having to create an account, login as the user, and configure the unicorn. Ideally, you will be able to create an account and pre-configure a unicorn via the API or database. Then all you have to do is log in as the user, locate Sparkles, and add her to the cart.\nTo automate or not to automate? Is automation always advantageous? When should one decide to automate test cases?\nIt is not always advantageous to automate test cases. There are times when manual testing may be more appropriate. For instance, if the application’s user interface will change considerably in the near future, then any automation might need to be rewritten anyway. Also, sometimes there simply is not enough time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Remote WebDriver client","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To run a remote WebDriver client, we first need to connect to the RemoteWebDriver. We do this by pointing the URL to the address of the server running our tests. In order to customize our configuration, we set desired capabilities. Below is an example of instantiating a remote WebDriver object pointing to our remote web server, www.example.com, running our tests on Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     To further customize our test configuration, we can add other desired capabilities.\nBrowser options For example, suppose you wanted to run Chrome on Windows XP, using Chrome version 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Local file detector The Local File Detector allows the transfer of files from the client machine to the remote server. For example, if a test needs to upload a file to a web application, a remote WebDriver can automatically transfer the file from the local machine to the remote web server during runtime. This allows the file to be uploaded from the remote machine running the test. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Once the above code is defined, you can upload a file in your test in the following way:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To use Selenium Grid, you need to maintain your own infrastructure for the nodes. As this can be a cumbersome and time intense effort, many organizations use IaaS providers such as Amazon EC2 and Google Compute to provide this infrastructure.\nOther options include using providers such as Sauce Labs or Testing Bot who provide a Selenium Grid as a service in the cloud. It is certainly possible to also run nodes on your own hardware. This chapter will go into detail about the option of running your own grid, complete with its own node infrastructure.\nQuick start This example will show you how to start the Selenium 2 Grid Hub, and register both a WebDriver node and a Selenium 1 RC legacy node. We will also show you how to call the grid from Java. The hub and nodes are shown here running on the same machine, but of course you can copy the selenium-server-standalone to multiple machines.\nThe selenium-server-standalone package includes the hub, WebDriver, and legacy RC needed to run the Grid, ant is not required anymore. You can download the selenium-server-standalone.jar from https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nStep 1: Start the Hub The Hub is the central point that will receive test requests and distribute them to the right nodes. The distribution is done on a capabilities basis, meaning a test requiring a set of capabilities will only be distributed to nodes offering that set or subset of capabilities.\nBecause a test\u0026rsquo;s desired capabilities are just what the name implies, desired, the hub cannot guarantee that it will locate a node fully matching the requested desired capabilities set.\nOpen a command prompt and navigate to the directory where you copied the selenium-server-standalone.jar file. You start the hub by passing the -role hub flag to the standalone server:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nTo change the default port, you can add the optional -port flag with an integer representing the port to listen to when you run the command. Also, all of the other options you see in the JSON config file (seen below) are possible command-line flags.\nYou certainly can get by with only the simple command shown above, but if you need more advanced configuration, you can also specify a JSON format config file, for convenience, to configure the hub when you start it. You can do it like so:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Below you will see an example of a hubConfig.json file. We will go into more detail on how to provide node configuration files in step 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Step 2: Start the Nodes Regardless of whether you want to run a grid with new WebDriver functionality, or a grid with Selenium 1 RC functionality, or both at the same time, you use the same selenium-server-standalone.jar file to start the nodes:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 If a port is not specified through the -port flag, a free port will be chosen. You can run multiple nodes on one machine but if you do so, you need to be aware of your systems memory resources and problems with screenshots if your tests take them.\nConfiguration of Node with options As mentioned, for backwards compatibility “wd” and “rc” roles are still a valid subset of the “node” role. But those roles limit the types of remote connections to their corresponding API, while “node” allows both RC and WebDriver remote connections.\nPassing JVM properties (using the -D flag before the -jar argument) on the command line as well, and these will be picked up and propagated to the nodes:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguration of Node with JSON You can also start grid nodes that are configured with a JSON configuration file\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json And here is an example of a nodeConfig.json file:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } A note about the -host flag\nFor both hub and node, if the -host flag is not specified, 0.0.0.0 will be used by default. This will bind to all the public (non-loopback) IPv4 interfaces of the machine. If you have a special network configuration or any component that creates extra network interfaces, it is advised to set the -host flag with a value that allows the hub/node to be reachable from a different machine.\nSpecifying the port The default TCP/IP port used by the hub is 4444. If you need to change the port please use above mentioned configurations.\nTroubleshooting Using Log file For advanced troubleshooting you can specify a log file to log system messages. Start Selenium GRID hub or node with -log argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use your favorite text editor to open log file (log.txt in the example above) to find \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; logs if you get issues.\nUsing -debug argument Also you can use -debug argument to print debug logs to console. Start Selenium Grid Hub or Node with -debug argument. Please see the below example:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker provides a convenient way to provision and scale Selenium Grid infrastructure in a unit known as a container. Containers are standardised units of software that contain everything required to run the desired application, including all dependencies, in a reliable and repeatable way on different machines.\nThe Selenium project maintains a set of Docker images which you can download and run to get a working grid up and running quickly. Nodes are available for both Firefox and Chrome. Full details of how to provision a grid can be found within the Docker Selenium repository.\nPrerequisite The only requirement to run a Grid is to have Docker installed and working. Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Setting up your own","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Different Modes of Grid setup in Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Standalone Mode: The new Selenium Server Jar contains everything you\u0026rsquo;d need to run a grid. It is also the easiest mode to spin up a Selenium Grid. By default the server will be listening on http://localhost:4444, and that\u0026rsquo;s the URL you should point your RemoteWebDriver tests. The server will detect the available drivers that it can use from the System PATH\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub and Node Mode: Start the Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub Register a Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true Query Selenium Grid: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nDistributed Mode:   Step 1: Firstly, start the Event Bus, it serves as a communication path to other Grid components in subsequent steps.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   Step 2: Start the session map, which is responsible for mapping session IDs to the node the session is running on:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   Step 3: Start the new session queuer, it adds the new session request to a local queue. The distributor picks up the request from the queue.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   Step 4: Start the Distributor. All the nodes are attached as part of Distributor process. It is responsible for assigning a node, when a create session request in invoked.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Step 5: Next step is to start the Router, an address that you\u0026rsquo;d expose to web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finally, add a Node\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   Start Standalone Grid via Docker Images You can just start a node by the following command:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; You can start the Selenium server and delegate it to docker for creating new instances:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Warning The Selenium Grid must be protected from external access using appropriate firewall permissions.\nFailure to protect your Grid could result in one or more of the following occurring:\n You provide open access to your Grid infrastructure You allow third parties to access internal web applications and files You allow third parties to run custom binaries  See this blog post on Detectify, which gives a good overview of how a publicly exposed Grid could be misused: Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Typographical conventions","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Capitalisation of titles One should avoid title capitalisation, such as A Very Fine Heading, and instead go for A very fine heading. Gratuitous capitalisation, or title case, often show a misunderstanding of – or a disregard for – orthographic conventions. We prefer what is known as sentence case, with a single initial capital to start headers.\nLine length When editing the documentation’s source, which is written in plain HTML, limit your line lengths to around 72 characters.\nSome of us take this one step further and use what is called semantic linefeeds, which is a technique whereby the HTML source lines, which are not read by the public, are split at ‘natural breaks’ in the prose. In other words, sentences are split at natural breaks between clauses. Instead of fussing with the lines of each paragraph so that they all end near the right margin, linefeeds can be added anywhere that there is a break between ideas.\nThis can make diffs very easy to read when collaborating through git, but it is not something we enforce contributors to use.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Waarneembaarheid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"When to use Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Generally speaking, there’s two reasons why you might want to use Grid.\n To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems. To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.  Grid is used to speed up the execution of a test pass by using multiple machines to run tests in parallel. For example, if you have a suite of 100 tests, but you set up Grid to support 4 different machines (VMs or separate physical machines) to run those tests, your test suite will complete in (roughly) one-fourth the time as it would if you ran your tests sequentially on a single machine. For large test suites, and long-running test suite such as those performing large amounts of data-validation, this can be a significant time-saver. Some test suites can take hours to run. Another reason to boost the time spent running the suite is to shorten the turnaround time for test results after developers check-in code for the AUT. Increasingly software teams practicing Agile software development want test feedback as immediately as possible as opposed to wait overnight for an overnight test pass.\nGrid is also used to support running tests against multiple runtime environments, specifically, against different browsers at the same time. For example, a ‘grid’ of virtual machines can be setup with each supporting a different browser that the application to be tested must support. So, machine 1 has Internet Explorer 8, machine 2, Internet Explorer 9, machine 3 the latest Chrome, and machine 4 the latest Firefox. When the test suite is run, Selenium-Grid receives each test-browser combination and assigns each test to run against its required browser.\nIn addition, one can have a grid of all the same browser, type and version. For instance, one could have a grid of 4 machines each running 3 instances of Firefox 70, allowing for a ‘server-farm’ (in a sense) of available Firefox instances. When the suite runs, each test is passed to Grid which assigns the test to the next available Firefox instance. In this manner one gets test pass where conceivably 12 tests are all running at the same time in parallel, significantly reducing the time required to complete a test pass.\nGrid is very flexible. These two examples can be combined to allow multiple instances of each browser type and version. A configuration such as this would provide both, parallel execution for fast test pass completion and support for multiple browser types and versions simultaneously.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Working with colours","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n You will occasionally want to validate the colour of something as part of your tests; the problem is that colour definitions on the web are not constant. Would it not be nice if there was an easy way to compare a HEX representation of a colour with a RGB representation of a colour, or a RGBA representation of a colour with a HSLA representation of a colour?\nWorry not. There is a solution: the Color class!\nFirst of all, you will need to import the class:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    You can now start creating colour objects. Every colour object will need to be created from a string representation of your colour. Supported colour representations are:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     The Color class also supports all of the base colour definitions specified in http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Sometimes browsers will return a colour value of \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; if no colour has been set on an element. The Color class also supports this:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     You can now safely query an element to get its colour/background colour knowing that any response will be correctly parsed and converted into a valid Color object:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     You can then directly compare colour objects:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Or you can convert the colour into one of the following formats and perform a static validation:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     Colours are no longer a problem.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Browser manipulation","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Ruby Ruby is not installed by default on Windows. Download the latest version and run the installer. You can leave all settings at default values, except at the Installation Destination and Optional Tasks screen check Add Ruby executables to your PATH checkbox. To drive any browser, you have to install selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. To install it, open command prompt and type this:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Or, if you use Bundler, add this line to your application\u0026rsquo;s Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; And then execute the following command in prompt:\nbundle install Internet Explorer Internet Explorer is installed by default on Windows, so no installation is needed. To drive Internet Explorer on Windows, you have to download the latest Internet Explorer Driver and put the file into a folder that is in PATH. To find out which directories are in PATH, type echo %PATH% in command prompt.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin looks like a good place. Unzip IEDriverServer file and move IEDriverServer.exe there.\nThis should open a new Internet Explorer window:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Browser navigation Navigate to The first thing you will want to do after launching a browser is to open your website. This can be achieved in a single line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Get current URL You can read the current URL from the browser\u0026rsquo;s address bar using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Back Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s back button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Forward Pressing the browser\u0026rsquo;s forward button:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Refresh Refresh the current page:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Get title You can read the current page title from the browser:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Windows and tabs WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Switching windows or tabs Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. If you have only two tabs or windows open, and you know which window you start with, by the process of elimination you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nHowever, Selenium 4 provides a new api NewWindow  which creates a new tab (or) new window and automatically switches to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Create new window (or) new tab and switch Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don\u0026rsquo;t need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Closing a window or tab When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.\nQuitting the browser at the end of a session When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     Quit will:  Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session The browser process The background driver process Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)    Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.\nSome test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     Python\u0026rsquo;s WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames and Iframes Frames are a now deprecated means of building a site layout from multiple documents on the same domain. You are unlikely to work with them unless you are working with an pre HTML5 webapp. Iframes allow the insertion of a document from an entirely different domain, and are still commonly used.\nIf you need to work with frames or iframes, WebDriver allows you to work with them in the same way. Consider a button within an iframe. If we inspect the element using the browser development tools, we might see the following:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; If it wasn\u0026rsquo;t for the iframe we would expect to click on the button using something like:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     However, if there are no buttons outside of the iframe, you might instead get a no such element error. This happens because Selenium is only aware of the elements in the top level document. To interact with the button, we will need to first switch to the frame, in a similar way to how we switch windows. WebDriver offers three ways of switching to a frame.\nUsing a WebElement Switching using a WebElement is the most flexible option. You can find the frame using your preferred selector and switch to it.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using a name or ID If your frame or iframe has an id or name attribute, this can be used instead. If the name or ID is not unique on the page, then the first one found will be switched to.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Using an index It is also possible to use the index of the frame, such as can be queried using window.frames in JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Leaving a frame To leave an iframe or frameset, switch back to the default content like so:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Window management Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.\nGet window size Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Set window size Restores the window and sets the window size. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nGet window position Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Set window position Moves the window to the chosen position.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximize window Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system\u0026rsquo;s own menus and toolbars.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimize window Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.\nMinimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.\nNote: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Fullscreen window Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Execute Script Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Print Page Prints the current page within the browser\nNote: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"Componenten configureren","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Configuring Components As described in the previous sections, each Grid component plays a specific role. Hence, it is possible to configure each Grid component individually. This section describes the common configuration values and component-specific configuration values.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Generating application state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium should not be used to prepare a test case. All repetitive actions and preparations for a test case, should be done through other methods. For example, most web UIs have authentication (e.g. a login form). Eliminating logging in via web browser before every test will improve both the speed and stability of the test. A method should be created to gain access to the AUT* (e.g. using an API to login and set a cookie). Also, creating methods to pre-load data for testing should not be done using Selenium. As mentioned previously, existing APIs should be leveraged to create data for the AUT*.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 3 Selenium Grid is a smart proxy server that allows Selenium tests to route commands to remote web browser instances. Its aim is to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nWith Selenium Grid, one server acts as the hub that routes JSON formatted test commands to one or more registered Grid nodes. Tests contact the hub to obtain access to remote browser instances. The hub has a list of registered servers that it provides access to, and allows control of these instances.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Met de Selenium HTML-runner kan je Test Suites starten vanaf de command line. Test Suites zijn HTML exports vanuit Selenium IDE of andere compatiebele tools.\nAlgemene informatie  De combinatie van geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner is belangrijk. Er is mogelijks ergens een matrix die de compatibiliteit toelicht. selenium-html-runner voert enkel Test Suites uit (geen Test Case - wat bijvoorbeeld een export van Monitis Transaction Monitor is). Wees zeker dat je hieraan voldoet. html-runner moet met een virtuele display (xfvb) gestart worden op Linux distributies die niet over een display beschikken.  Voorbeeld Linux omgeving Installeer / download volgende software pakketten:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite voorbeeld:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;JOU-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;JOU-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Selenium-html-runner headless starten Hieronder vind je een voorbeeld van hoe je de selenium-html-runner start. Het resultaat van onderstaand voorbeeld is sterk afhankelijk van de geckodriver / firefox / html-runner combinatie.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP response codes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n For some browser configurations in Selenium RC, Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser and the site being automated. This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium could be captured or manipulated. The captureNetworkTraffic() method purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser and the site being automated, including HTTP response codes.\nSelenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user and this is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test\u0026rsquo;s failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.\nThe browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser\u0026rsquo;s error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.\nChecking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.\nIf you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Installing Standalone server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Installing Standalone server If you plan to use Grid then you should download the selenium-server-standalone JAR file. All the components are available via selenium-server. The standalone JAR contains everything, including the remote Selenium server and the client-side bindings. This means that if you use the selenium-server-standalone jar in your project, then you don\u0026rsquo;t have to add selenium-java or a browser specific jar.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localisatie van elementen","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Localisatie van elementen  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Localisatie van elementen Een van de meest fundamentele technieken die nodig zijn om WebDriver onder de knie te krijgen, is het lokaliseren van elementen op een pagina. WebDriver beschikt over een aantal ingebouwde selector types, een van hen is het lokaliseren van een element op basis van zijn ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     In het bovenstaande voorbeeld kan je zien dat het lokaliseren van de elementen gedaan word op een instantie van het WebDriver object. De methode findElement(By) geeft een ander fundamenteel object type terug: WebElement.\n WebDriver stelt de browser voor WebElement stelt een bepaalde DOM node voor (een link, input veld etc)  Wanneer een web element gevonden is, kan je op basis van dat element een nieuwe opzoeking starten. Deze zal dan binnen de scope van het gevonden element gedaan worden:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Dit is mogelijk omdat zowel WebDriver als WebElement de SearchContext interface implementeren. Binnen WebDriver staat dit bekend als een role-based interface.\n. In WebDriver, this is known as a role-based interface. Role-based interfaces allow you to determine whether a particular driver implementation supports a given feature. These interfaces are clearly defined and try to adhere to having only a single role of responsibility. You can read more about WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s design and what roles are supported in which drivers in the Some Other Section Which Must Be Named.\nConsequently, the By interface used above also supports a number of additional locator strategies. A nested lookup might not be the most effective cheese location strategy since it requires two separate commands to be issued to the browser; first searching the DOM for an element with ID “cheese”, then a search for “cheddar” in a narrowed context.\nTo improve the performance slightly, we should try to use a more specific locator: WebDriver supports looking up elements by CSS locators, allowing us to combine the two previous locators into one search:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Locating multiple elements It\u0026rsquo;s possible that the document we are working with may turn out to have an ordered list of the cheese we like the best:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Since more cheese is undisputably better, and it would be cumbersome to have to retrieve each of the items individually, a superior technique for retrieving cheese is to make use of the pluralized version findElements(By). This method returns a collection of web elements. If only one element is found, it will still return a collection (of one element). If no element matches the locator, an empty list will be returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Element selection strategies There are eight different built-in element location strategies in WebDriver:\n   Locator Description     class name Locates elements whose class name contains the search value (compound class names are not permitted)   css selector Locates elements matching a CSS selector   id Locates elements whose ID attribute matches the search value   name Locates elements whose NAME attribute matches the search value   link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   partial link text Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value   tag name Locates elements whose tag name matches the search value   xpath Locates elements matching an XPath expression    Tips on using selectors In general, if HTML IDs are available, unique, and consistently predictable, they are the preferred method for locating an element on a page. They tend to work very quickly, and forego much processing that comes with complicated DOM traversals.\nIf unique IDs are unavailable, a well-written CSS selector is the preferred method of locating an element. XPath works as well as CSS selectors, but the syntax is complicated and frequently difficult to debug. Though XPath selectors are very flexible, they are typically not performance tested by browser vendors and tend to be quite slow.\nSelection strategies based on linkText and partialLinkText have drawbacks in that they only work on link elements. Additionally, they call down to XPath selectors internally in WebDriver.\nTag name can be a dangerous way to locate elements. There are frequently multiple elements of the same tag present on the page. This is mostly useful when calling the findElements(By) method which returns a collection of elements.\nThe recommendation is to keep your locators as compact and readable as possible. Asking WebDriver to traverse the DOM structure is an expensive operation, and the more you can narrow the scope of your search, the better.\nRelative Locators Selenium 4 brings Relative Locators which are previously called as Friendly Locators. This functionality was added to help you locate elements that are nearby other elements. The Available Relative Locators are:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  findElement method now accepts a new method withTagName() which returns a RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nHow does it work Selenium uses the JavaScript function getBoundingClientRect() to find the relative elements. This function returns properties of an element such as right, left, bottom, and top.\nLet us consider the below example for understanding the relative locators.\nabove() Returns the WebElement, which appears above to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Returns the WebElement, which appears below to the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to left of specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Returns the WebElement, which appears to right of the specified element\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Returns the WebElement, which is at most 50px away from the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium installation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium Installation Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Types of testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Acceptance testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system meets the customer expectations and requirements. This type of testing generally involves the customer\u0026rsquo;s cooperation or feedback, being a validation activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the right product?.\n For web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating user expected behaviour. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explained in this documentation. Note: Acceptance testing is a subtype of functional testing, which some people might also refer to.\nFunctional testing This type of testing is done to determine if a feature or system functions properly without issues. It checks the system at different levels to ensure that all scenarios are covered and that the system does what\u0026rsquo;s supposed to do. It\u0026rsquo;s a verification activity that answers the question:\n Are we building the product right?.\n This generally includes: the tests work without errors (404, exceptions\u0026hellip;), in a usable way (correct redirections),\nin an accessible way and matching its specifications (see acceptance testing above).\nFor web applications, the automation of this testing can be done directly with Selenium by simulating expected returns. This simulation could be done by record/playback or through the different supported languages as explainedin this documentation.\nPerformance testing As its name indicates, performance tests are done to measure how well an application is performing.\nThere are two main sub-types for performance testing:\nLoad testing Load testing is done to verify how well the application works under different defined loads (usually a particular number of users connected at once)\nStress testing Stress testing is done to verify how well the application works under stress (or above the maximum supported load).\nGenerally, performance tests are done by executing some Selenium written tests simulating different users hitting a particular function on the web app and retrieving some meaningful measurements.\nThis is generally done by other tools that retrieve the metrics. One such tool is JMeter.\nFor a web application, details to measure include throughput, latency, data loss, individual component loading times\u0026hellip;\nNote 1: All browsers have a performance tab in their developers\u0026rsquo; tools section (accessible by pressing F12)\nNote 2: is a subtype of non-functional testing as this is generally measured per system and not per function/feature.\nRegression testing This testing is generally done after a change, fix or feature addition.\nTo ensure that the change has not broken any of the existing functionality, some already executed tests are executed again.\nThe set of re-executed tests can be full or partial and can include several different types, depending on the application and development team.\nTest driven development (TDD) Rather than a test type per se, TDD is an iterative development methodology in which tests drive the design of a feature.\nEach cycle starts by creating a set of unit tests that the feature should pass (which should fail their first time executed).\nAfter this, development takes place to make the tests pass. The tests are executed again starting another cycle and this process continues until all tests are passing.\nThis aims to speed up the development of an application based on the fact that defects are less costly the earlier they are found.\nBehavior-driven development (BDD) BDD is also an iterative development methodology based on above (TDD) in which the goal is to involve all the parties in the development of an application.\nEach cycle starts by creating some specifications (which should fail). Then create the failing unit tests (which should also fail) and then create the development.\nThis cycle is repeated until all type of tests are passing.\nIn order to do so, a specification language is used. It should be understandable by all parties and simple, standard and explicit. Most tools use Gherkin as this language.\nThe goal is to be able to detect even more errors than TDD by targeting potential acceptance errors too and make communication between parties smoother.\nA set of tools are currently available to write the specifications and match them with code functions, such as Cucumber or SpecFlow.\nA set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process even faster by directly transform the BDD specifications into executable code. Some of these are JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Working with select elements","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Select elements can require quite a bit of boiler plate code to automate. To reduce this and make your tests cleaner, there is a Select class in the Selenium support package. To use it, you will need the following import statement:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     You are then able to create a Select object using a WebElement that references a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     The Select object will now give you a series of commands that allow you to interact with a \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element. First of all, there are different ways of selecting an option from the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; There are three ways to select the first option from the above element:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Or you may just be interested in what \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     If you want to deselect any elements, you now have four options:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finally, some \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; elements allow you to select more than one option. You can find out if your \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element is one of these by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Aan de slag met WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Aan de slag met WebDriver Door middel van WebDriver ondersteunt Selenium alle grote browsers op de markt. WebDriver is een API en protocol dat een taal-onafhankelijke interface aanbied die de browser kan aansturen. Elke browser bevat een specifieke WebDriver implementatie. We verwijzen naar deze implementatie als driver. De driver is verantwoordelijk voor de vertaalslag naar de browser en staat in voor de communicatie van en naar Selenium en de browser.\nDeze opsplitsing is bewust gedaan zodat de leverancier van de browser de verantwoordelijkheid van de implementatie op zich neemt. Selenium maakt gebruik van deze aangeleverde drivers indien mogelijk. Eveneens bied ze haar eigen drivers aan voor het geval dat de leverancier hierover niet beschikt. Deze worden onderhouden door de community.\nSelenium schakelt al deze stukken aan elkaar door middel van een interface. Deze zorgt voor een transparante en gebruiksvriendelijke manier om de backend van de verschillende browsers aan te spreken. Hierdoor onstaat een browser en platform onafhankelijke oplossing.\nMeer info over de drivers kan je terugvinden via Driver Eigenschappen.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"About this documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n These docs, like the code itself, are maintained 100% by volunteers within the Selenium community. Many have been using it since its inception, but many more have only been using it for a short while, and have given their time to help improve the onboarding experience for new users.\nIf there is an issue with the documentation, we want to know! The best way to communicate an issue is to visit https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues and search to see whether or not the issue has been filed already. If not, feel free to open one!\nMany members of the community are present at the #selenium Libera chat at Libera.chat. Feel free to drop in and ask questions and if you get help which you think could be of use within these documents, be sure to add your contribution! We can update these documents, but it\u0026rsquo;s much easier for everyone when we get contributions from outside the normal committers.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Details van muisactie","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Mouse represents a mouse event. Mouse actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input action to the web browser.\nclickAndHold It will move to the element and clicks (without releasing) in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick This method firstly performs a mouse-move to the location of the element and performs the context-click (right click) on the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick It will move to the element and performs a double-click in the middle of the given element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement This method moves the mouse to the middle of the element. The element is also scrolled into the view on performing this action.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: This method moves the mouse from its current position (or 0,0) by the given offset. If the coordinates are outside the view window, then the mouse will end up outside the browser window.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web elementt  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the location of the target element and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy This method firstly performs a click-and-hold on the source element, moves to the given offset and then releases the mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release This action releases the depressed left mouse button. If WebElement is passed, it will release depressed left mouse button on the given WebElement\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Geavanceerde functies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email and Facebook logins","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.\nThe ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.\nLogging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.\nWebDriver implementations that are W3C conformant also annotate the navigator object with a WebDriver property so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL querying support","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. It gives users the power to ask for exactly what they need and nothing more.\nEnums Enums represent possible sets of values for a field.\nFor example, the Node object has a field called status. The state is an enum (specifically, of type Status) because it may be UP , DRAINING or UNAVAILABLE.\nScalars Scalars are primitive values: Int, Float, String, Boolean, or ID.\nWhen calling the GraphQL API, you must specify nested subfield until you return only scalars.\nStructure of the Schema The structure of grid schema is as follows:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Querying GraphQL The best way to query GraphQL is by using curl requests. GraphQL allows you to fetch only the data that you want, nothing more nothing less.\nSome of the example GraphQL queries are given below. You can build your own queries as you like.\nQuerying the number of maxSession and sessionCount in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Generally on local machine the \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; would be http://localhost:4444/graphql\nQuerying all details for session, node and the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the max session count in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting all session details for all nodes in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get slot information for all sessions in each Node in the Grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query to get session information for a given session: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the capabilities of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the status of each node in the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Querying the URI of each node and the grid : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 is a fresh implementation and does not share the codebase the previous version had.\nGrid 4 has an approach to take advantage of a number of new technologies in order to facilitate scaling up, while still allowing local execution.\nTo get all the details of Grid 4 components, understand how it works, and how to set up you own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Mock external services","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Eliminating the dependencies on external services will greatly improve the speed and stability of your tests.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/","title":"Waits","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver can generally be said to have a blocking API. Because it is an out-of-process library that instructs the browser what to do, and because the web platform has an intrinsically asynchronous nature, WebDriver doesn\u0026rsquo;t track the active, real-time state of the DOM. This comes with some challenges that we will discuss here.\nFrom experience, most intermittents that arise from use of Selenium and WebDriver are connected to race conditions that occur between the browser and the user\u0026rsquo;s instructions. An example could be that the user instructs the browser to navigate to a page, then gets a no such element error when trying to find an element.\nConsider the following document:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; The WebDriver instructions might look innocent enough:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     The issue here is that the default page load strategy used in WebDriver listens for the document.readyState to change to \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; before returning from the call to navigate. Because the p element is added after the document has completed loading, this WebDriver script might be intermittent. It “might” be intermittent because no guarantees can be made about elements or events that trigger asynchronously without explicitly waiting—or blocking—on those events.\nFortunately, using the normal instruction set available on the WebElement interface—such as WebElement.click and WebElement.sendKeys—are guaranteed to be synchronous, in that the function calls won\u0026rsquo;t return (or the callback won\u0026rsquo;t trigger in callback-style languages) until the command has been completed in the browser. The advanced user interaction APIs, Keyboard and Mouse, are exceptions as they are explicitly intended as “do what I say” asynchronous commands.\nWaiting is having the automated task execution elapse a certain amount of time before continuing with the next step.\nTo overcome the problem of race conditions between the browser and your WebDriver script, most Selenium clients ship with a wait package. When employing a wait, you are using what is commonly referred to as an explicit wait.\nExplicit wait Explicit waits are available to Selenium clients for imperative, procedural languages. They allow your code to halt program execution, or freeze the thread, until the condition you pass it resolves. The condition is called with a certain frequency until the timeout of the wait is elapsed. This means that for as long as the condition returns a falsy value, it will keep trying and waiting.\nSince explicit waits allow you to wait for a condition to occur, they make a good fit for synchronising the state between the browser and its DOM, and your WebDriver script.\nTo remedy our buggy instruction set from earlier, we could employ a wait to have the findElement call wait until the dynamically added element from the script has been added to the DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     We pass in the condition as a function reference that the wait will run repeatedly until its return value is truthy. A “truthful” return value is anything that evaluates to boolean true in the language at hand, such as a string, number, a boolean, an object (including a WebElement), or a populated (non-empty) sequence or list. That means an empty list evaluates to false. When the condition is truthful and the blocking wait is aborted, the return value from the condition becomes the return value of the wait.\nWith this knowledge, and because the wait utility ignores no such element errors by default, we can refactor our instructions to be more concise:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     In that example, we pass in an anonymous function (but we could also define it explicitly as we did earlier so it may be reused). The first and only argument that is passed to our condition is always a reference to our driver object, WebDriver. In a multi-threaded environment, you should be careful to operate on the driver reference passed in to the condition rather than the reference to the driver in the outer scope.\nBecause the wait will swallow no such element errors that are raised when the element isn\u0026rsquo;t found, the condition will retry until the element is found. Then it will take the return value, a WebElement, and pass it back through to our script.\nIf the condition fails, e.g. a truthful return value from the condition is never reached, the wait will throw/raise an error/exception called a timeout error.\nOptions The wait condition can be customised to match your needs. Sometimes it\u0026rsquo;s unnecessary to wait the full extent of the default timeout, as the penalty for not hitting a successful condition can be expensive.\nThe wait lets you pass in an argument to override the timeout:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Expected conditions Because it\u0026rsquo;s quite a common occurrence to have to synchronise the DOM and your instructions, most clients also come with a set of predefined expected conditions. As might be obvious by the name, they are conditions that are predefined for frequent wait operations.\nThe conditions available in the different language bindings vary, but this is a non-exhaustive list of a few:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  You can refer to the API documentation for each client binding to find an exhaustive list of expected conditions:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Implicit wait There is a second type of wait that is distinct from explicit wait called implicit wait. By implicitly waiting, WebDriver polls the DOM for a certain duration when trying to find any element. This can be useful when certain elements on the webpage are not available immediately and need some time to load.\nImplicit waiting for elements to appear is disabled by default and will need to be manually enabled on a per-session basis. Mixing explicit waits and implicit waits will cause unintended consequences, namely waits sleeping for the maximum time even if the element is available or condition is true.\nWarning: Do not mix implicit and explicit waits. Doing so can cause unpredictable wait times. For example, setting an implicit wait of 10 seconds and an explicit wait of 15 seconds could cause a timeout to occur after 20 seconds.\nAn implicit wait is to tell WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not immediately available. The default setting is 0, meaning disabled. Once set, the implicit wait is set for the life of the session.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait FluentWait instance defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition.\nUsers may configure the wait to ignore specific types of exceptions whilst waiting, such as NoSuchElementException when searching for an element on the page.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Grid-eindpunten","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Improved reporting","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is not designed to report on the status of test cases run. Taking advantage of the built-in reporting capabilities of unit test frameworks is a good start. Most unit test frameworks have reports that can generate xUnit or HTML formatted reports. xUnit reports are popular for importing results to a Continuous Integration (CI) server like Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Here are some links for more information regarding report outputs for several languages.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Remote WebDriver server","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The server will always run on the machine with the browser you want to test. The server can be used either from the command line or through code configuration.\nStarting the server from the command line Once you have downloaded selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, place it on the computer with the browser you want to test. Then, from the directory with the jar, run the following:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerations for running the server The caller is expected to terminate each session properly, calling either Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit.\nThe selenium-server keeps in-memory logs for each ongoing session, which are cleared when Selenium#stop() or WebDriver#quit is called. If you forget to terminate these sessions, your server may leak memory. If you keep extremely long-running sessions, you will probably need to stop/quit every now and then (or increase memory with -Xmx jvm option).\nTimeouts (from version 2.21) The server has two different timeouts, which can be set as follows:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controls how long the browser is allowed to hang (value in seconds).   timeout  Controls how long the client is allowed to be gone before the session is reclaimed (value in seconds).    The system property selenium.server.session.timeout is no longer supported as of 2.21.\nPlease note that the browserTimeout is intended as a backup timeout mechanism when the ordinary timeout mechanism fails, which should be used mostly in grid/server environments to ensure that crashed/lost processes do not stay around for too long, polluting the runtime environment.\nConfiguring the server programmatically In theory, the process is as simple as mapping the DriverServlet to a URL, but it\u0026rsquo;s also possible to host the page in a lightweight container, such as Jetty configured entirely in code. Steps to do this follow.\n Download the selenium-server.zip and unpack. Put the JARs on the CLASSPATH. Create a new class called AppServer. Here, I\u0026rsquo;m using Jetty, so you\u0026rsquo;ll need to download that as well:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Support classes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver support classes are provided to simplify maintaining your code. They provide a nice abstraction to make modeling HTML element(s) as domain objects easier, also providing helper methods to make using such objects easy to reason about. We will learn about:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Let\u0026rsquo;s Start:\nThreadGuard  This class is only available in the Java Binding\n ThreadGuard checks that a driver is called only from the same thread that created it. Threading issues especially when running tests in Parallel may have mysterious and hard to diagnose errors. Using this wrapper prevents this category of errors and will raise an exception when it happens.\nThe following example simulate a clash of threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } The result shown below:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour As seen in the example:\n protectedDriver Will be created in Main thread We use Java Runnable to spin up a new process and a new Thread to run the process Both Thread will clash because the Main Thread does not have protectedDriver in it\u0026rsquo;s memory. ThreadGuard.protect will throw an exception.  Note: This does not replace the need for using ThreadLocal to manage drivers when running parallel.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Test dependency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver WebDriver drives a browser natively, as a user would, either locally or on a remote machine using the Selenium server, marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.\nSelenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code. This is commonly referred to as just WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver is a W3C Recommendation\n  WebDriver is designed as a simple and more concise programming interface.\n  WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.\n  It drives the browser effectively.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Avoid sharing state","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Although mentioned in several places it is worth mentioning again. Ensure tests are isolated from one another.\n  Do not share test data. Imagine several tests that each query the database for valid orders before picking one to perform an action on. Should two tests pick up the same order you are likely to get unexpected behaviour.\n  Clean up stale data in the application that might be picked up by another test e.g. invalid order records.\n  Create a new WebDriver instance per test. This helps ensure test isolation and makes parallelization simpler.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebDriver provides an API for working with the three types of native popup message offered by JavaScript. These popups are styled by the browser and offer limited customisation.\nAlerts The simplest of these is referred to as an alert, which shows a custom message, and a single button which dismisses the alert, labelled in most browsers as OK. It can also be dismissed in most browsers by pressing the close button, but this will always do the same thing as the OK button. See an example alert.\nWebDriver can get the text from the popup and accept or dismiss these alerts.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm A confirm box is similar to an alert, except the user can also choose to cancel the message. See a sample confirm.\nThis example also shows a different approach to storing an alert:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Prompts are similar to confirm boxes, except they also include a text input. Similar to working with form elements, you can use WebDriver\u0026rsquo;s send keys to fill in a response. This will completely replace the placeholder text. Pressing the cancel button will not submit any text. See a sample prompt.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Performance testing","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.\nIt may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.\nThe other potential attraction is \u0026ldquo;saving time\u0026rdquo; — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.\nTo improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript) in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, and which provide reporting and analysis which can even make improvement suggestions.\nExample (open source) packages to use are: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/","title":"Remote WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Remote WebDriver You can use WebDriver remotely the same way you would use it locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.\nA remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Working with cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A cookie is a small piece of data that is sent from a website and stored in your computer. Cookies are mostly used to recognise the user and load the stored information.\nWebDriver API provides a way to interact with cookies with built-in methods:\nAdd Cookie It is used to add a cookie to the current browsing context. Add Cookie only accepts a set of defined serializable JSON object. Here  is the link to the list of accepted JSON key values\nFirst of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site (typically the 404 page is small, e.g. http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie It returns the serialized cookie data matching with the cookie name among all associated cookies.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies It returns a ‘successful serialized cookie data’ for current browsing context. If browser is no longer available it returns error.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie It deletes the cookie data matching with the provided cookie name.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies It deletes all the cookies of the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute It allows a user to instruct browsers to control whether cookies are sent along with the request initiated by third party sites. It is introduced to prevent CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks.\nSame-Site cookie attribute accepts two parameters as instructions\nStrict: When the sameSite attribute is set as Strict, the cookie will not be sent along with requests initiated by third party websites.\nLax: When you set a cookie sameSite attribute to Lax, the cookie will be sent along with the GET request initiated by third party website.\nNote: As of now this feature is landed in chrome(80+version), Firefox(79+version) and works with Selenium 4 and later versions.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Guidelines and recommendations","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Guidelines and recommendations A note on \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo;: We\u0026rsquo;ve intentionally avoided the phrase \u0026ldquo;Best Practices\u0026rdquo; in this documentation. No one approach works for all situations. We prefer the idea of \u0026ldquo;Guidelines and Recommendations\u0026rdquo;. We encourage you to read through these and thoughtfully decide what approaches will work for you in your particular environment.\nFunctional testing is difficult to get right for many reasons. As if application state, complexity, and dependencies do not make testing difficult enough, dealing with browsers (especially with cross-browser incompatibilities) makes writing good tests a challenge.\nSelenium provides tools to make functional user interaction easier, but does not help you write well-architected test suites. In this chapter we offer advice, guidelines, and recommendations on how to approach functional web page automation.\nThis chapter records software design patterns popular amongst many of the users of Selenium that have proven successful over the years.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http proxies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n A proxy server acts as an intermediary for requests between a client and a server. In simple, the traffic flows through the proxy server on its way to the address you requested and back.\nA proxy server for automation scripts with Selenium could be helpful for:\n Capture network traffic Mock backend calls made by the website Access the required website under complex network topologies or strict corporate restrictions/policies.  If you are in a corporate environment, and a browser fails to connect to a URL, this is most likely because the environment needs a proxy to be accessed.\nSelenium WebDriver provides a way to proxy settings:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Link spidering","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice not because it cannot be done, but because it’s definitely not the most ideal tool. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.\nInstead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods don’t rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Test independency","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Write each test as its own unit. Write the tests in a way that will not be reliant on other tests to complete:\nLet us say there is a content management system with which you can create some custom content which then appears on your website as a module after publishing, and it may take some time to sync between the CMS and the application.\nA wrong way of testing your module is that the content is created and published in one test, and then checking the module in another test. This is not feasible as the content may not be available immediately for the other test after publishing.\nInstead, you can create a stub content which can be turned on and off within the affected test, and use that for validating the module. However, for content creation, you can still have a separate test.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Consider using a fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Martin Fowler coined the term \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium already implements something like this in their FluentWait class, which is meant as an alternative to the standard Wait class. You could enable the Fluent API design pattern in your page object and then query the Google search page with a code snippet like this one:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); The Google page object class with this fluent behavior might look like this:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Page loading strategy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Defines the current session\u0026rsquo;s page loading strategy. By default, when Selenium WebDriver loads a page, it follows the normal pageLoadStrategy. It is always recommended to stop downloading additional resources (like images, css, js) when the page loading takes lot of time.\nThe document.readyState property of a document describes the loading state of the current document. By default, WebDriver will hold off on responding to a driver.get() (or) driver.navigate().to() call until the document ready state is complete\nIn SPA applications (like Angular, React, Ember) once the dynamic content is already loaded (I.e once the pageLoadStrategy status is COMPLETE), clicking on a link or performing some action within the page will not make a new request to the server as the content is dynamically loaded at the client side without a full page refresh.\nSPA applications can load many views dynamically without any server requests, So pageLoadStrategy will always show COMPLETE status until we do a new driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy supports the following values:\nnormal This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait for the entire page is loaded. When set to normal, Selenium WebDriver waits until the load event fire is returned.\nBy default normal is set to browser if none is provided.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager This will make Selenium WebDriver to wait until the initial HTML document has been completely loaded and parsed, and discards loading of stylesheets, images and subframes.\nWhen set to eager, Selenium WebDriver waits until DOMContentLoaded event fire is returned.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none When set to none Selenium WebDriver only waits until the initial page is downloaded.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/","title":"Worst practices","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Worst practices "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Fresh browser per test","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Start each test from a clean known state. Ideally, spin up a new virtual machine for each test. If spinning up a new virtual machine is not practical, at least start a new WebDriver for each test. For Firefox, start a WebDriver with your known profile.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Selenium Grid allows the execution of WebDriver scripts on remote machines (virtual or real) by routing commands sent by the client to remote browser instances. It aims to provide an easy way to run tests in parallel on multiple machines.\nSelenium Grid allows us to run tests in parallel on multiple machines, and to manage different browser versions and browser configurations centrally (instead of in each individual test).\nSelenium Grid is not a silver bullet. It solves a subset of common delegation and distribution problems, but will for example not manage your infrastructure, and might not suit your specific needs.\nPlease note Grid 3 is not supported anymore and the Selenium project recommends to use Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Web element","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n WebElement represents a DOM element. WebElements can be found by searching from the document root using a WebDriver instance, or by searching under another WebElement.\nWebDriver API provides built-in methods to find the WebElements which are based on different properties like ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS Selectors, link Text, etc.\nFind Element It is used to find an element and returns a first matching single WebElement reference, that can be used for future element actions\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements Similar to \u0026lsquo;Find Element\u0026rsquo;, but returns a list of matching WebElements. To use a particular WebElement from the list, you need to loop over the list of elements to perform action on selected element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element It is used to find a child element within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements within the context of parent element. To achieve this, the parent WebElement is chained with \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; to access child elements\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element It is used to track (or) find DOM element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled This method is used to check if the connected Element is enabled or disabled on a webpage. Returns a boolean value, True if the connected element is enabled in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected This method determines if the referenced Element is Selected or not. This method is widely used on Check boxes, radio buttons, input elements, and option elements.\nReturns a boolean value, True if referenced element is selected in the current browsing context else returns false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName It is used to fetch the TagName of the referenced Element which has the focus in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect It is used to fetch the dimensions and coordinates of the referenced element.\nThe fetched data body contain the following details:\n X-axis position from the top-left corner of the element y-axis position from the top-left corner of the element Height of the element Width of the element  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Get Element CSS Value Retrieves the value of specified computed style property of an element in the current browsing context.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Get Element Text Retrieves the rendered text of the specified element.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium 4 alpha versions have much awaited native support for Chrome Dev Protocol through \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo; interface. This helps us getting Chrome Development properties such as Application Cache, Fetch, Network, Performance, Profiler, Resource Timing, Security and Target CDP domains etc.\nChrome DevTools is a set of web developer tools built directly into the Google Chrome browser. DevTools can help you edit pages on-the-fly and diagnose problems quickly, which ultimately helps you build better websites, faster.\nEmulate Geo Location: Some applications have different features and functionalities across different locations. Automating such applications is difficult because it is hard to emulate the geo locations in the browser using Selenium. But with the help of Devtools, we can easily emulate them. Below code snippet demonstrates that.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Driver eigenschappen","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Driver eigenschappen "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Keyboard represents a KeyBoard event. KeyBoard actions are performed by using low-level interface which allows us to provide virtualized device input to the web browser.\nsendKeys The sendKeys types a key sequence in DOM element even if modifier key sequence is encountered. Here are the list of possible keystrokes that WebDriver Supports.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown The keyDown is used to simulate action of pressing a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp The keyUp is used to simulate key-up (or) key-release action of a modifier key(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Clears the content of an editable element. This is only applied for the elements which is editable and interactable, otherwise Selenium returns the error (invalid element state (or) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/","title":"Support packages","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Support packages "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Legacy Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium. This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated components.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/","title":"Front matter","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Front matter "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/contributing/","title":"Contributing to the Selenium Documentation","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Selenium is a big software project, its site and documentation are key to understanding how things work and learning effective ways to exploit its potential.\nThis project contains both Selenium\u0026rsquo;s site and documentation. This is an ongoing effort (not targeted at any specific release) to provide updated information on how to use Selenium effectively, how to get involved and how to contribute to Selenium.\nContributions toward the site and docs follow the process described in the below section about contributions. You should spend some time familiarising yourself with the documentation by reading more about it.\n The Selenium project welcomes contributions from everyone. There are a number of ways you can help:\nReport an issue When reporting a new issues or commenting on existing issues please make sure discussions are related to concrete technical issues with the Selenium software, its site and/or documentation.\nAll of the Selenium components change quite fast over time, so this might cause the documentation to be out of date. If you find this to be the case, as mentioned, don\u0026rsquo;t hesitate to create an issue for that. It also might be possible that you know how to bring up to date the documentation, so please send us a pull request with the related changes.\nIf you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, If you are not sure about what you have found is an issue or not, please ask through the communication channels described at https://selenium.dev/support.\nContributions The Selenium project welcomes new contributors. Individuals making significant and valuable contributions over time are made Committers and given commit-access to the project.\nThis guide will guide you through the contribution process.\nStep 1: Fork Fork the project on Github and check out your copy locally.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependencies: Hugo We use Hugo to build and render the site and docs. To verify everything locally before even committing any changes, please install Hugo, get familiar with it and run the local server to render the site locally (detailed instructions can be found in the next steps).\nStep 2: Branch Create a feature branch and start hacking:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch We practice HEAD-based development, which means all changes are applied directly on top of trunk.\nStep 3: Make changes The repository contains the site and docs, which are two separate Hugo projects. If you want to make changes to the site, work on the site_source_files directory. To see a live preview of your changes, run hugo server on the site\u0026rsquo;s root directory.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server To make changes to the docs, switch to the docs_source_files directory.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server The docs are translated into several languages, and translations are based on the English content. When you are changing a file, be sure to make your changes in all the other translated files as well. This might differ depending on the change, for example:\n If you add a code example to the browser_manipulation.en.md file, also add it to browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, and all other translated files. If you find a translation that can be improved, only change the translated file. If you are adding a new language translation, add the new files with the appropriate suffix. There is no need to have everything translated to submit a PR, it can be done iteratively. Don\u0026rsquo;t forget to check some needed configuration values in the config.toml file. If you make text changes in the English version, replace the same section in the translated files with your change (yes, in English), and add the following notice at the top of the file.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Step 4: Commit First make sure git knows your name and email address:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Writing good commit messages is important. A commit message should describe what changed, why, and reference issues fixed (if any). Follow these guidelines when writing one:\n The first line should be around 50 characters or less and contain a short description of the change. Keep the second line blank. Wrap all other lines at 72 columns. Include Fixes #N, where N is the issue number the commit fixes, if any.  A good commit message can look like this:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 The first line must be meaningful as it\u0026rsquo;s what people see when they run git shortlog or git log --oneline.\nStep 5: Rebase Use git rebase (not git merge) to sync your work from time to time.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Step 6: Test Always remember to run the local server, with this you can be sure that your changes have not broken anything.\nStep 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Go to https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git and press the Pull Request and fill out the form. Please indicate that you\u0026rsquo;ve signed the CLA (see Step 7).\nPull requests are usually reviewed within a few days. If there are comments to address, apply your changes in new commits (preferably fixups) and push to the same branch.\nStep 8: Integration When code review is complete, a committer will take your PR and integrate it on the repository\u0026rsquo;s trunk branch. Because we like to keep a linear history on the trunk branch, we will normally squash and rebase your branch history.\nCommunication All details on how to communicate with the project contributors and the community overall can be found at https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/","title":"The Selenium Browser Automation Project","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n The Selenium Browser Automation Project Selenium is an umbrella project for a range of tools and libraries that enable and support the automation of web browsers.\nIt provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers, a distribution server for scaling browser allocation, and the infrastructure for implementations of the W3C WebDriver specification that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers.\nThis project is made possible by volunteer contributors who have put in thousands of hours of their own time, and made the source code freely available for anyone to use, enjoy, and improve.\nSelenium brings together browser vendors, engineers, and enthusiasts to further an open discussion around automation of the web platform. The project organises an annual conference to teach and nurture the community.\nAt the core of Selenium is WebDriver, an interface to write instruction sets that can be run interchangeably in many browsers. Here is one of the simplest instructions you can make:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     See the Quick Tour for a full explanation of what goes on behind the scenes when you run this code. You should continue on to the narrative documentation to understand how you can install and successfully use Selenium as a test automation tool, and scaling simple tests like this to run in large, distributed environments on multiple browsers, on several different operating systems.\nGetting started If you are new to Selenium, we have a few resources that can help you get up to speed right away.\n Quick tour  WebDriver IDE Grid    "}]
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 2539f502099f..64fa05735cf1 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
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+from outside the normal committers.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“About this documentation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/introduction/index.html b/documentation/nl/introduction/index.html
index 6a03b13493a4..6e640cf14539 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/introduction/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/introduction/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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@@ -443,5 +443,5 @@
 time to build test automation. For the short term, manual testing may be more
 effective. If an application has a very tight deadline, there is currently no
 test automation available, and it’s imperative that the testing gets done within
-that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/>“On test automation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+that time frame, then manual testing is the best solution.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/>“On test automation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Types of testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
index a568d48e11f2..f662ae825802 100644
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -163,5 +163,5 @@
 and asking them to take responsibility of the backend, browser-facing implementations.
 Recently this work has evolved into a W3C standardisation process
 where the goal is to turn the WebDriver component in Selenium
-into the <em>du jeur</em> remote control library for user agents.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“The Selenium project and tools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+into the <em>du jeur</em> remote control library for user agents.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“The Selenium project and tools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index f8ee1cef438e..a5f41440d0dd 100644
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+++ b/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
@@ -142,5 +142,5 @@
 such as <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> or <strong><em>SpecFlow.</em></strong></p><p>A set of tools are built on top of Selenium to make this process
 even faster by directly transform the BDD specifications into
 executable code.
-Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types of testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Some of these are <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara and Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Types of testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="On test automation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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--- a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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@@ -149,5 +149,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/index.html
index 07338c0b1175..47af9cb4c610 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=legacy>Legacy</h1><p>Under this section you can find all the documentation related to the legacy components of Selenium.
 This is meant to be kept purely for historical reasons and not as a incentive to use deprecated
-components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+components.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index c56703fa0151..4d78648699b9 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -199,5 +199,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Notice how the passed in &ldquo;element&rdquo; variable appears as the first item
 in the JS standard &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; array.</p><h3 id=executing-javascript-doesnt-return-anything>Executing Javascript Doesn&rsquo;t Return Anything</h3><p>WebDriver&rsquo;s JavascriptExecutor will wrap all JS and evaluate it as an anonymous expression. This means that you need to use the &ldquo;return&rdquo; keyword:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>becomes:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrating from RC to WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 9e6f5d1132e7..990117150358 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -144,5 +144,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Remote WebDriver server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/front_matter/ title="Front matter" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index fd44b4c031a9..b40d86bd5f8b 100644
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+++ b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
-field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Remote WebDriver server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index 046de32d692c..fb0c872d3aad 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Selenium 1 (Selenium RC) :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -1006,5 +1006,5 @@
 you can easily code your test to detect the situation and try the alternative
 locator that only works in IE.</p><h3 id=error-encountered---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-with-shut-down-of--googlechrome--browser>Error encountered - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; with shut down of *googlechrome browser</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to start browser with an option that disables same origin policy checks:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=error-encountered-in-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Error encountered in IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>To avoid this error you have to configure the browser: disable the popup blocker
-AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+AND uncheck &lsquo;Enable Protected Mode&rsquo; option in Tools &#187; Options &#187; Security.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>The proxy is a third person in the middle that passes the ball between the two parts. It acts as a &ldquo;web server&rdquo; that delivers the AUT to the browser. Being a proxy gives Selenium Server the capability of &ldquo;lying&rdquo; about the AUT&rsquo;s real URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>The browser is launched with a configuration profile that has set localhost:4444 as the HTTP proxy, this is why any HTTP request that the browser does will pass through Selenium server and the response will pass through it and not from the real server. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrating from RC to WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 9f5acc980790..1a0b31715681 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/index.html
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@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 locally. The primary difference is that a remote WebDriver needs to be
 configured so that it can run your tests on a separate machine.</p><p>A remote WebDriver is composed of two pieces: a client and a
 server. The client is your WebDriver test and the server is simply a
-Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Java servlet, which can be hosted in any modern JEE app server.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/>“Remote WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Remote WebDriver client" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 9cfe385dc4a5..9b45f89c7583 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -381,5 +381,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Remote WebDriver client”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Guidelines and recommendations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/index.html b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/index.html
index d5f32421629d..33e38962fdb7 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/selenium_installation/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/_index.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Selenium installation</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
-it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=selenium-installation>Selenium Installation</h1><p>Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/>“Selenium installation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=selenium-installation>Selenium Installation</h1><p>Selenium setup is quite different from the setup of other commercial tools. To use Selenium in your automation project you need to install the language bindings libraries for your language of choice. In addition you will need WebDriver binaries for the browsers you want to automate and run test on.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/>“Selenium installation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="About this documentation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
index ddc8b6fe849c..c7d2f3eac94a 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -124,5 +124,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h3><p>Installation of Selenium libraries for Ruby can be done using gem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h3><p>Installation of Selenium libraries for JavaScript can be done using npm:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installing Selenium libraries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Installing Selenium libraries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium installation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
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--- a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Installing Standalone server :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installing Standalone server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Aan de slag met WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Installing Standalone server”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Installing WebDriver binaries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Aan de slag met WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
index acd375605773..8444ef6cad9b 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Installing WebDriver binaries :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h2 id=installing-webdriver-binaries>Installing WebDriver binaries</h2><p>To execute your project and control browser you need to have
 browser-specific WebDriver binaries installed.</p><p>Download the <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/>WebDriver binary</a>
 supported by your browser and place it in the
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“Installing WebDriver binaries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/>System PATH</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“Installing WebDriver binaries”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Installing Selenium libraries"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Installing Standalone server" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/sitemap.xml b/documentation/nl/sitemap.xml
index c33a4a421995..df2d518f7509 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/sitemap.xml
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -493,5 +493,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/index.html
index 4a9862f93257..60e615b76d0a 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index 0664ab976c2b..0f4fcf720ae9 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -1196,5 +1196,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Details van muisactie”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Details van muisactie”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Working with cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index b691de729e88..a0ef810d4091 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with colours :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 002.71.53 18 18 0 002.5.2 5.51 5.51.0 003.29-.84 2.79 2.79.0 001.14-2.39 2.85 2.85.0 00-1.24-2.49A6 6 0 0048 18.55q-.78-.29-1.67-.55A15.93 15.93.0 0144 17.13a5.92 5.92.0 01-1.58-1.05 3.6 3.6.0 01-.9-1.34A5 5 0 0141.23 13a4.46 4.46.0 01.41-1.93 4.31 4.31.0 011.17-1.5 5.26 5.26.0 011.82-1A8 8 0 0147 8.28a20.51 20.51.0 014.41.57v1.42a20 20 0 00-2.23-.44 15.2 15.2.0 00-2-.15 4.86 4.86.0 00-3.08.9A2.9 2.9.0 0042.88 13a3.25 3.25.0 00.21 1.21 2.61 2.61.0 00.7 1 4.83 4.83.0 001.27.79 14.31 14.31.0 002 .68q1.11.33 2.06.71a6.21 6.21.0 011.65.94 4.09 4.09.0 011.1 1.38 4.54 4.54.0 01.4 2 4.15 4.15.0 01-1.56 3.48A7.16 7.16.0 0146.2 26.37z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M60.62 26.32a5.46 5.46.0 01-4.28-1.62A6.9 6.9.0 0154.88 20a7.8 7.8.0 011.43-5 5 5 0 014.14-1.75 4.24 4.24.0 013.47 1.43A6.48 6.48.0 0165.1 18.8q0 .54.0.92a3.22 3.22.0 01-.09.64H56.44a5.39 5.39.0 001.17 3.5A4.18 4.18.0 0060.8 25a10.52 10.52.0 001.82-.17 11.77 11.77.0 001.93-.52l.12 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010-.4l1.77-2.27a.32.32.0 01.52.0l3 3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Zoeken...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -328,5 +328,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Colours are no longer a problem.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Working with colours”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/ title="Support packages"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Working with select elements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index 0014c90e102d..22ebb750debe 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with cookies :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231151></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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@@ -806,5 +806,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Details van muisactie"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Working with cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Details van muisactie"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 8a9bd44f3d3c..85e8a3367f73 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Working with select elements :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -396,5 +396,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode7 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Details van muisactie" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Working with select elements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Working with colours"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Details van muisactie" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/tags/index.html b/documentation/nl/tags/index.html
index 51042c1bc33d..45a50a9a8761 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/tags/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index 9cb98e964fb2..852d5c1a16c2 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -198,5 +198,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localisatie van elementen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localisatie van elementen"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index aeeacbc0938a..ca3f8ad53dbe 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Browser manipulation :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -1444,5 +1444,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode29 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localisatie van elementen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Browser manipulation”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localisatie van elementen" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 9113d5dcb5ff..8c4a43aca55e 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Driver requirements :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -625,5 +625,5 @@
 <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>since the 5th of August</a>,
 so whilst the web will continue to change, PhantomJS will not be updated.
 This was after Google announced the ability to run Chrome headlessly,
-something also now offered by Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver requirements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the componets"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+something also now offered by Mozilla&rsquo;s Firefox.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Driver requirements”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the componets"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index db15a9032049..27a26dca7131 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Http proxies :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -209,5 +209,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http proxies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/index.html
index fb1c0a9316a0..1b5fa69024bb 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 marks a leap forward in terms of browser automation.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver refers to both the language bindings
 and the implementations of the individual browser controlling code.
 This is commonly referred to as just <em>WebDriver</em>.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver is a <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>W3C Recommendation</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver is designed as a simple
-and more concise programming interface.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.</p></li><li><p>It drives the browser effectively.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Externe drivers en plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the componets" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and more concise programming interface.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver is a compact object-oriented API.</p></li><li><p>It drives the browser effectively.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Externe drivers en plugins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Understanding the componets" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index 72a95b3171d6..0e2823412d6a 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Zoeken...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index c2919e0c9021..b020dd99004a 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231151></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Keyboard :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -582,5 +582,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/remote_webdriver/ title="Remote WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index 5e0dd066b7c8..79021c7c8154 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -456,5 +456,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode9 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localisatie van elementen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localisatie van elementen”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Browser manipulation"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 1e65acb533d6..46f2812142df 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Page loading strategy :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -407,5 +407,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Page loading strategy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http proxies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/ title="Web element" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 785de0cdeeb3..e1489c321778 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Support classes :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -123,5 +123,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>As seen in the example:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> Will be created in Main thread</li><li>We use Java <code>Runnable</code> to spin up a new process and a new <code>Thread</code> to run the process</li><li>Both <code>Thread</code> will clash because the Main Thread does not have <code>protectedDriver</code> in it&rsquo;s memory.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> will throw an exception.</li></ul><h4 id=note>Note:</h4><p>This does not replace the need for using <code>ThreadLocal</code> to manage drivers when running parallel.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/>“Support classes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/ title=Waits><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript alerts, prompts and confirmations" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index 68416642f82f..d8dee34fdcb5 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Understanding the componets :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -125,5 +125,5 @@
 and related steps in your tests. As such, you can think of it looking akin
 to the following image.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt="Test framework"></p><p>Natural language frameworks/tools such as Cucumber may exist as part of that
 Test Framework box in the figure above, or they may wrap the Test Framework
-entirely in their own implementation.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Understanding the componets”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+entirely in their own implementation.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Understanding the componets”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Driver requirements" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/index.html
index 86bbd266b5f4..8de2cc61af33 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231151></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/webdriver/waits/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Waits :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -521,5 +521,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/waits/>“Waits”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Support classes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index 7fcebf7057e0..a184c6c5ce74 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -954,5 +954,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/web_element/>“Web element”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Page loading strategy"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index a15051545be5..7f6eae3fb005 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Wis geschiedenis</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Deze pagina bewerken" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.nl.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Deze pagina bewerken</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/>The Selenium Browser Automation Project</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/>Worst practices</a> > Captchas</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Captchas</h1><p>CAPTCHA, afkorting voor <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 om computers en mensen apart te vertellen</em>,
 is expliciet ontworpen om automatisering te voorkomen, dus probeer het niet!
-Er zijn twee primaire strategieën om CAPTCHA-controles te omzeilen:</p><ul><li>Schakel CAPTCHA&rsquo;s uit in uw testomgeving</li><li>Voeg een haak toe zodat tests de CAPTCHA kunnen omzeilen</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Er zijn twee primaire strategieën om CAPTCHA-controles te omzeilen:</p><ul><li>Schakel CAPTCHA&rsquo;s uit in uw testomgeving</li><li>Voeg een haak toe zodat tests de CAPTCHA kunnen omzeilen</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/ title="Worst practices"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
index 115080f2b0cb..43e0f723b276 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231151></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231151></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>File downloads :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239582></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Zoeken...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 Instead, find the link using Selenium
 (and any required cookies)
 and pass it to a HTTP request library like
-<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“File downloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>The <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>HtmlUnit driver</a> can download attachments by accessing them as input streams by implementing the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a> interface. The AttachmentHandler can the be added to the <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“File downloads”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Two Factor Authentication"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index 3a5988b97cb5..2c39a2c82649 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail, email and Facebook logins :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231151 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@@ -111,5 +111,5 @@
 <a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C conformant</a>
 also annotate the <code>navigator</code> object
 with a <code>WebDriver</code> property
-so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email and Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email and Facebook logins”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="HTTP response codes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index a92016ae78b5..941a4c441afe 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -131,5 +131,5 @@
 Additionally, not every browser
 makes the response codes available to WebDriver,
 so opting to use a proxy
-allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP response codes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP response codes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/index.html
index 19ddba43b6bc..5f5705113dbe 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=nl class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Worst practices :: Selenium documentatie</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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+it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><h1 id=worst-practices>Worst practices</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/>“Worst practices”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Fresh browser per test"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index c3d6ed29b26c..09394dd0f9ad 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
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@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 or using a library such as BeautifulSoup
 since these methods don’t rely
 on creating a browser and navigating to a page.
-You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link spidering”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Link spidering”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index f5eebeb0564e..2d388df1445a 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -126,5 +126,5 @@
 There are performance testing tools available
 that can do this job already,
 and which provide reporting and analysis
-which can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Performance testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+which can even make improvement suggestions.</p><p>Example (open source) packages to use are: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Performance testing”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Test dependency"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Link spidering" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index f84bfcc3913e..65737b436d43 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 English to Dutch. Do you speak Dutch? Help us to translate
 it by sending us pull requests!</p></div><p>A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a
 specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in <strong>any</strong> order,
-and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“Test dependency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“Test dependency”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email and Facebook logins"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Performance testing" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 100da99085f4..e9b36990f7d9 100644
--- a/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/nl";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/ title="Aan de slag" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/>Aan de slag
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/getting_started/quick/ title="Korte uitleg" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/getting_started/quick/>Korte uitleg
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/ title=Introduction class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/>Introduction
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="The Selenium project and tools" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>The Selenium project and tools
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 to automate this process. But that will be another layer on top of our
 Selenium tests and not as secure. So, you should avoid automating 2FA.</p><p>There are few options to get around 2FA checks:</p><ul><li>Disable 2FA for certain Users in the test environment, so that you can
 use those user credentials in the automation.</li><li>Disable 2FA in your test environment.</li><li>Disable 2FA if you login from certain IPs. That way we can configure our
-test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+test machine IPs to avoid this.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Two Factor Authentication”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="File downloads" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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index 2fcf7528af2e..858b7c9422ac 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/404.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Woops. Looks like this page doesn't exist ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br>Go to homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>Error</h1><p></p><p>Woops. Looks like this page doesn't exist ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br>Go to homepage</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/categories/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/categories/index.html
index b4fffb5752ce..c9eff45b4993 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/categories/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/categories/>中文简体</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/categories/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > Categories</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Categories</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/categories/>“Categories”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/contributing/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/contributing/index.html
index c03a2a59e8c5..03ea051b9cc5 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/contributing/index.html
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@
 <a href=http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit>fixups</a>) e envie para a mesma
 branch.</p><h3 id=passo-8-integração>Passo 8: Integração</h3><p>Quando a revisão do código for concluída, um committer integrará seu PR no branch de tronco do repositório. Porque gostamos de manter um
 histórico linear no <code>trunk</code>, nós normalmente iremos dar Squash & Rebase no histórico da sua branch.</p><h2 id=comunicação>Comunicação</h2><p>Todos os detalhes sobre como se comunicar com os colaboradores do projeto
-e a comunidade em geral podem ser encontrados em <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/contributing/>“Contribuindo com o Site e Documentação do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e a comunidade em geral podem ser encontrados em <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/contributing/>“Contribuindo com o Site e Documentação do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index fd67a032c5b0..fe9326644e50 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Recursos específicos do Driver :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -658,5 +658,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Recursos específicos do Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Recursos compartilhados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/ title="Pacotes de suporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“Recursos específicos do Driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title="Recursos compartilhados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/ title="Pacotes de suporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index ee14b7dee4c2..ca7a4681cb02 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -144,5 +144,5 @@
 pode não corresponder igualmente aos valores definidos para o navegador.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>O novo recurso indica se as verificações estritas de interatividade
 devem ser aplicadas aos elementos <em>input type = file</em>. Como as verificações de
 interatividade estrita estão desativadas por padrão, há uma mudança no comportamento
-ao usar <em>Element Send Keys</em> com controles de upload de arquivos ocultos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Recursos compartilhados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Idiossincrasias do driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Recursos específicos do Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+ao usar <em>Element Send Keys</em> com controles de upload de arquivos ocultos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“Recursos compartilhados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Idiossincrasias do driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Recursos específicos do Driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index 372dfd5ba16b..6ba850324612 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1279,5 +1279,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Direitos autorais e atribuições”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/ title=Prefácio><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Convenções tipográficas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“Direitos autorais e atribuições”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/ title=Prefácio><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title="Convenções tipográficas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/index.html
index 985119cb6e4c..1a17ac2b81ce 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index a25565903505..dd09c9d7595c 100644
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -110,5 +110,5 @@
 os feeds de linha podem ser adicionados em qualquer lugar
 que existe uma ruptura entre as ideias.</p><p>Isso pode tornar as diffs muito fáceis de ler
 ao colaborar por meio do git,
-mas não é algo que obrigamos os colaboradores a usar.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Convenções tipográficas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Direitos autorais e atribuições"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Direitos autorais e atribuições" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+mas não é algo que obrigamos os colaboradores a usar.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“Convenções tipográficas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Direitos autorais e atribuições"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title="Direitos autorais e atribuições" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/index.html
index dd62acfcf0ca..6bb3547b5ea2 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class="dd-item
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started/>日本語</option>
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-a agilizar o seu aprendizado.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>“Começando”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/ title="O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+a agilizar o seu aprendizado.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>“Começando”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/ title="O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/index.html
index ca379591afe8..e95314b7649d 100644
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class="dd-item active"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -108,5 +108,5 @@
 executados pela extremidade remota.</p><p>Após o desenvolvimento dos testes WebDriver, você pode enfrentar
 a necessidade de executar seus testes em vários navegadores e
 combinações de sistemas operacionais.
-É aqui que o <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>Grid</a></em> entra em cena.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>“Tour rápido”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+É aqui que o <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>Grid</a></em> entra em cena.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>“Tour rápido”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 3cc70d5b4722..5e0ad335d1c7 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/>Começando com o WebDriver</a> > Navegadores</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents><ul><li><a href=#navegadores-comerciais>Navegadores comerciais</a></li><li><a href=#navegadores-especializados>Navegadores especializados</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Navegadores</h1><h2 id=navegadores-comerciais>Navegadores comerciais</h2><p>O framework Selenium oferece suporte oficial aos seguintes navegadores:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Navegador</th><th>Mantenedor</th><th>Versões Suportadas</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Chrome</td><td><a href=//sites.google.com/chromium.org/driver/>Chromium</a></td><td>Todas as versões</td></tr><tr><td>Firefox</td><td><a href=//github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla</a></td><td>54 ou mais nova</td></tr><tr><td>Edge</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft</a></td><td>84 ou mais nova</td></tr><tr><td>Internet Explorer</td><td>Selenium</td><td>6 ou mais nova</td></tr><tr><td>Opera</td><td><a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/>Opera Chromium</a> / <a href=//github.com/operasoftware/operaprestodriver>Presto</a></td><td>10.5 ou mais nova</td></tr><tr><td>Safari</td><td><a href=//webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>Apple</a></td><td>10 ou mais nova</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=navegadores-especializados>Navegadores especializados</h2><p>Também existe um conjunto de navegadores especializados por aí
 normalmente usados em ambientes de desenvolvimento.
 Podemos usar alguns desses navegadores para fins de automação também,
-e o Selenium suporta os seguintes drivers especializados:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nome do driver</th><th>Objetivo</th><th>Mantenedor</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulador de navegador sem cabeçalho apoiado pelo Rhino</td><td>Projeto Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Começando com o WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Drivers e plugins de terceiros" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e o Selenium suporta os seguintes drivers especializados:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nome do driver</th><th>Objetivo</th><th>Mantenedor</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Emulador de navegador sem cabeçalho apoiado pelo Rhino</td><td>Projeto Selenium</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“Navegadores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Começando com o WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Drivers e plugins de terceiros" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index b20770c85b5d..3584f9f2b0cd 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 por meio de uma interface voltada para o usuário que permite aos diferentes back-ends de navegador
 serem usados de forma transparente,
 permitindo a automação entre navegadores e plataformas cruzadas.</p><p>Mais detalhes sobre os drivers podem ser encontrados em
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Idiossincrasias do driver</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Começando com o WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Instalando o servidor Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/>Idiossincrasias do driver</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“Começando com o WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title="Instalando o servidor Standalone"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index 287f1c412363..72f6b7cc8649 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Drivers e plugins de terceiros :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 Alguns dos plug-ins estão disponíveis em outro software de código aberto e gratuito
 licença; outros estão disponíveis apenas sob licença proprietária. Alguma pergunta
 sobre plug-ins e suas licenças de distribuição precisam ser levantadas com seus
-respectivo(s) desenvolvedor(es).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nevgador</th><th>Atual</th><th>Changelog</th><th>Issues</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Embutido</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Drivers e plugins de terceiros”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+respectivo(s) desenvolvedor(es).</p><table><thead><tr><th>Nevgador</th><th>Atual</th><th>Changelog</th><th>Issues</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>latest</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>change log</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>latest</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>issue tracker</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>Embutido</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>issue tracker</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“Drivers e plugins de terceiros”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=Navegadores><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 415e95b9c703..42acb887a53d 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Componentes :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 ou ter a mesma seleção de navegador do hub ou de outros nós.
 Um nó no Windows pode ter a capacidade de
 oferecer o Internet Explorer como uma opção de navegador,
-considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 4d1d1993e614..90cd9dee9007 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid 3 :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/grid/grid_3/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -103,5 +103,5 @@
 Ele resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição,
 mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura,
 e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.</p><p>** Observe que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium
-recomenda usar [Grid 4] (/pt-br/grid/grid_4/)**</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quando usar a Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recomenda usar [Grid 4] (/pt-br/grid/grid_4/)**</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/>“Grid 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quando usar a Grid"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 9ecb60b6eeae..9822ca3349df 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -220,5 +220,5 @@
 e executar para colocar uma Grid em funcionamento rapidamente. Os nós estão disponíveis para
 Firefox e Chrome. Detalhes completos de como provisionar uma grade podem ser encontrados
 no repositório <a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a>.</p><h3 id=pré-requisitos>Pré-requisitos</h3><p>O único requisito para executar um Grid é ter o Docker instalado e funcionando.
-[Instale o Docker] (// <a href=http://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)>www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando a sua”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+[Instale o Docker] (// <a href=http://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)>www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop)</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando a sua”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 839605e236a0..798f3bbf7fe7 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/_index.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>Grid</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a> > Advanced Features</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Advanced Features</h1><div class="notices info"><p><i class="fas fa-language"></i>Page being translated from
 English to Portuguese (Brazil). Do you speak Portuguese (Brazil)? Help us to translate
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-up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Advanced Features”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="Suporte a buscas em GraphQL"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/>“Advanced Features”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="Suporte a buscas em GraphQL"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 78a7f31d55f2..d694e1369659 100644
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Observability :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -145,5 +145,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observability”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Rotas da Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“Observability”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title="Rotas da Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 61fadb2e6e96..a7a160215c26 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@
 agrupando alguns dos componentes descritos acima, e também é possível executar todos os componentes
 juntos em um modo autônomo.</p><h3 id=hub>Hub</h3><p>Hub é a união dos seguintes componentes:</p><ul><li>Roteador</li><li>Distribuidor</li><li>Mapa da Sessão</li><li>Enfileirador de Sessão</li><li>Event Bus</li></ul><p>Habilita a configuração clássica de hub e nó(s).</p><h3 id=standalone>Standalone</h3><p>Como mencionado antes, Standalone é a união de todos os componentes e, aos olhos do usuário, eles são
 executado como um. Isso inclui todos os componentes que fazem parte do hub, mais um nó. Totalmente
-Uma Grid totalmente funcional está disponível após iniciá-la no modo Standalone.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Uma Grid totalmente funcional está disponível após iniciá-la no modo Standalone.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“Componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/ title="Grid 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index cc4f8660decd..0fea6c9ed33f 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -180,5 +180,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=buscando-a-uri-de-cada-nó-e-da-grid>Buscando a URI de cada Nó e da Grid:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“Suporte a buscas em GraphQL”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“Suporte a buscas em GraphQL”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title="Configurando a sua"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title="Advanced Features" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 90de559e0e12..0e3cc697b5f0 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Rotas da Grid :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -127,5 +127,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Rotas da Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Idiossincrasias do driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“Rotas da Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=Observability><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title="Idiossincrasias do driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/index.html
index 3a4e696c553a..e5bf81deb32c 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=aviso>Aviso</h2><p>A Selenium Grid deve ser protegida do acesso externo usando
 permissões de firewall.</p><p>A falha em proteger sua rede pode resultar em um ou mais dos seguintes eventos:</p><ul><li>Você fornece acesso aberto à sua infraestrutura de rede</li><li>Você permite que terceiros acessem aplicativos e arquivos internos da web</li><li>Você permite que terceiros executem binários personalizados</li></ul><p>Veja esta postagem do blog em <a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, que dá uma boa
 visão geral de como uma rede exposta publicamente pode ser mal utilizada:
-<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando a sua”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="Suporte a buscas em GraphQL" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“Configurando a sua”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=Componentes><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title="Suporte a buscas em GraphQL" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/index.html
index 2ce6f115537a..9e60adb07199 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Grid :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 Ela resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição,
 mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura,
 e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.</p><p><strong>Observe que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium
-recomenda usar a <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Navegação por links"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos e funcionalidades principais" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+recomenda usar a <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>“Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Navegação por links"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos e funcionalidades principais" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index e5b13864bf75..be3c9e7f9bc7 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Objetivos e funcionalidades principais :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/>Grid</a> > Objetivos e funcionalidades principais</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Objetivos e funcionalidades principais</h1><ul><li>Ponto de entrada central para todos os testes</li><li>Gerenciamento e controle dos nós / ambiente onde os navegadores rodam</li><li>Escalonamento</li><li>Executar testes em paralelo</li><li>Teste de plataforma cruzada</li><li>Balanceamento de carga</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“Objetivos e funcionalidades principais”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/ title=Grid><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title="Quando usar a Grid" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index 6a6f78170f9f..c0a44cc03aae 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -115,5 +115,5 @@
 paralelo, reduzindo significativamente o tempo necessário para concluir os testes.</p><p>A Grid é muito flexível. Esses dois exemplos podem ser combinados para permitir
 várias instâncias de cada tipo e versão de navegador. Uma configuração como
 essa forneceria execução paralela para conclusão rápida de testes e
-suporte para vários tipos e versões de navegador simultaneamente.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Quando usar a Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos e funcionalidades principais"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+suporte para vários tipos e versões de navegador simultaneamente.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“Quando usar a Grid”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title="Objetivos e funcionalidades principais"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/ title="Grid 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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index ea4f45bae416..879d8ae0c613 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Evite compartilhamento de estado :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 para pedidos válidos antes de escolher um para executar uma ação. Caso dois testes
 peguem a mesma ordem, provavelmente você obterá um comportamento inesperado.</p></li><li><p>Limpe dados desatualizados no aplicativo que podem ser obtidos por outro
 teste, por exemplo registros de pedidos inválidos.</p></li><li><p>Crie uma nova instância do WebDriver por teste. Isso ajuda a garantir o isolamento do teste
-e torna a paralelização mais simples.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Evite compartilhamento de estado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Relatórios melhorados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independência de Testes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e torna a paralelização mais simples.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“Evite compartilhamento de estado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title="Relatórios melhorados"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independência de Testes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index ac7e33a7206e..049c7a02bc39 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -151,5 +151,5 @@
     <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considere usar uma API fluente”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independência de Testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Navegador novo por teste" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“Considere usar uma API fluente”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title="Independência de Testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title="Navegador novo por teste" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 9b36c3b14850..9a49649a9f4a 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL) :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -148,5 +148,5 @@
 usuários - eles não se importam com a interface do usuário, eles apenas querem fazer seu trabalho
 feito. Seus scripts de teste devem ser lidos como uma lista de itens sujos que o usuário deseja FAZER e as coisas que deseja SABER. Os testes
 não devem se preocupar com COMO a interface do usuário exige que você vá
-sobre isso.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Gerando estado da aplicação" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+sobre isso.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title="Gerando estado da aplicação" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 7710f65b9526..e11139dd75f5 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Navegador novo por teste :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 pelo menos inicie um novo WebDriver para cada teste.
 Para Firefox, inicie um WebDriver com seu perfil conhecido.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Navegador novo por teste”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considere usar uma API fluente"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/ title="Piores práticas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“Navegador novo por teste”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considere usar uma API fluente"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/ title="Piores práticas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index 38604c77d2ed..97063cc08203 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231148></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 criado para obter acesso à AUT* (por exemplo, usando uma API para fazer login e definir um
 cookie). Além disso, a criação de métodos para pré-carregar dados para
 o teste não deve ser feito usando Selenium. Como dito anteriormente,
-APIs existentes devem ser aproveitadas para criar dados para a AUT *.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Gerando estado da aplicação”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Simulação de serviços externos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+APIs existentes devem ser aproveitadas para criar dados para a AUT *.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: Application under test</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“Gerando estado da aplicação”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Simulação de serviços externos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index cbad37168858..0951f36ab8d7 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/>Diretrizes e recomendações</a> > Relatórios melhorados</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Relatórios melhorados</h1><p>O Selenium não foi projetado para relatar sobre o status de casos de teste. Aproveitar os recursos de relatórios integrados de frameworks de teste unitários é um bom começo. A maioria dos frameworks de teste unitários podem gerar relatórios formatados em xUnit ou HTML.
 Relatórios xUnit são populares para importar resultados para um servidor de integração contínua
 (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Aqui estão alguns links
-para obter mais informações sobre resultados de relatórios em vários idiomas.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Relatórios melhorados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Simulação de serviços externos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evite compartilhamento de estado" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+para obter mais informações sobre resultados de relatórios em vários idiomas.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“Relatórios melhorados”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title="Simulação de serviços externos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evite compartilhamento de estado" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Diretrizes e recomendações :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
 Neste capítulo, oferecemos conselhos, diretrizes e recomendações
 sobre como abordar a automação funcional de páginas da web.</p><p>Este capítulo registra os padrões de design de software populares
 entre muitos dos usuários do Selenium
-que tiveram sucesso ao longo dos anos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Diretrizes e recomendações”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Cliente do WebDriver remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+que tiveram sucesso ao longo dos anos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“Diretrizes e recomendações”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Cliente do WebDriver remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title="Modelos de objetos de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 541a602ca56d..a332934716cf 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -233,5 +233,5 @@
 além do escopo deste guia do usuário. Aqui, queremos apenas apresentar o
 conceitos para tornar o leitor ciente de algumas coisas que podem ser feitas. Como
 foi mencionado anteriormente, muitos escreveram sobre este tópico e nós encorajamos o
-leitor para pesquisar blogs sobre esses tópicos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Modelos de objetos de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Diretrizes e recomendações"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+leitor para pesquisar blogs sobre esses tópicos.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“Modelos de objetos de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Diretrizes e recomendações"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title="Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index dc3cb531d770..c5d3e288560e 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Independência de Testes :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 não é viável, pois o conteúdo pode não estar disponível imediatamente para o
 outro teste após a publicação.</p><p>Em vez disso, você pode criar um conteúdo stub que pode ser ligado e desligado
 dentro do teste e use-o para validar o módulo. Contudo,
-para a criação de conteúdo, você ainda pode ter um teste separado.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Independência de Testes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evite compartilhamento de estado"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considere usar uma API fluente" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+para a criação de conteúdo, você ainda pode ter um teste separado.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“Independência de Testes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title="Evite compartilhamento de estado"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="Considere usar uma API fluente" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/index.html
index c900d03bb30a..5efd8ff3d9a5 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -232,5 +232,5 @@
 em ambientes grandes e distribuídos em vários navegadores,
 em vários sistemas operacionais diferentes.</p><h2 id=introdução>Introdução</h2><p>Se você é um usuário novo de Selenium,
 temos alguns recursos que podem te ajudar
-a agilizar o seu aprendizado.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+a agilizar o seu aprendizado.</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A autenticação de dois fatores, conhecida como 2FA, é um mecanismo de autorização onde a senha de uso único (OTP) é gerada usando aplicativos móveis \u0026ldquo;Autenticadores\u0026rdquo;, como \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., ou por SMS, e-mail para autenticação. Automatizar isso perfeitamente e consistentemente é um grande desafio no Selenium. Existem algumas maneiras para automatizar este processo. Mas essa será outra camada em cima de nossos testes Selenium e não protegidos também. Portanto, você pode evitar a automação do 2FA.\nExistem algumas opções para contornar as verificações 2FA:\n Desative 2FA para determinados usuários no ambiente de teste, para que você possa usar essas credenciais de usuário na automação. Desative 2FA em seu ambiente de teste. Desative 2FA se você fizer o login de determinados IPs. Dessa forma, podemos configurar nosso teste os IPs da máquina para evitar isso.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, abreviação de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, foi projetado explicitamente para impedir a automação, portanto, não tente! Existem duas estratégias principais para contornar as verificações CAPTCHA:\n Desative CAPTCHAs em seu ambiente de teste Adicione um hook para permitir que os testes ignorem o CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/","title":"Começando","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Começando Se você é um usuário novo de Selenium, temos alguns recursos que podem te ajudar a agilizar o seu aprendizado.\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermediário e gerente Aceita solicitações para executar testes Recebe instruções do cliente e as executa remotamente nos nós Gerencia tópicos  Um Hub é um ponto central para onde todos os seus testes são enviados. Cada Selenium Grid consiste em exatamente um hub. O hub precisa estar acessível dos respectivos clientes (ou seja, servidor de CI, máquina do desenvolvedor etc.) O hub irá conectar um ou mais nós aos quais os testes serão delegados.\nNós  Onde vivem os navegadores Registra-se no hub e comunica seus recursos Recebe solicitações do hub e as executa  Nodes são diferentes instâncias do Selenium que executarão testes em sistemas de computador individuais. Pode haver muitos nós em uma grade. As máquinas que são nós não precisam ser da mesma plataforma ou ter a mesma seleção de navegador do hub ou de outros nós. Um nó no Windows pode ter a capacidade de oferecer o Internet Explorer como uma opção de navegador, considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  There are certain paragaraphs needs translation from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Roteador O roteador se encarrega de encaminhar a solicitação para o componente correto.\nÉ o ponto de entrada da Grid, todas as solicitações externas serão recebidas por ele. O roteador se comporta de maneira diferente dependendo da solicitação. Se for uma nova sessão, o roteador irá encaminhá-la para o enfileirador de sessão, que irá adicioná-la a nova fila de sessão. O Enfileirador de Sessão irá disparar um evento através do Event Bus. O Distribuidor (onde a criação da nova sessão será tratada) irá receber o evento e pesquisar o Enfileirador de Sessão para obter a nova solicitação de sessão. Se a solicitação pertencer a uma sessão existente, o roteador irá enviar a ID da sessão para o Mapa da Sessão, e o Mapa da Sessão irá retornar o Nó onde a sessão está rodando. Depois disso, o roteador irá encaminhar a solicitação ao Nó.\nO Roteador visa equilibrar a carga na Rede, enviando as solicitações para o componente que é capaz de lidar melhor com eles, sem sobrecarregar nenhum componente que não é necessário no processo.\nDistribuidor O Distribuidor está ciente de todos os nós e suas capacidades. Seu papel principal é receber um novo pedido de sessão e encontrar um Nó adequado onde a sessão pode ser criada. Depois que a sessão é criada, o Distribuidor armazena no Mapa da Sessão a relação entre o ID da sessão e o nó onde a sessão está sendo executada.\nNó Um Nó pode estar presente várias vezes em uma Grid. Cada nó cuida de gerenciar os slots para os navegadores disponíveis da máquina onde está sendo executado.\nO Nó se registra no Distribuidor através do Event Bus, e sua configuração é enviada como parte da mensagem de registro.\nPor padrão, o Nó registra automaticamente todos os drivers de navegador disponíveis no PATH da máquina onde ele roda. Ele também cria um slot por CPU disponível para navegadores baseados em Chromium e Firefox. Para Safari e Internet Explorer, apenas um slot é criado. Por meio de uma configuração específica, ele pode executar sessões em contêineres Docker. Você pode ver mais detalhes de configuração na próxima seção.\nUm Nó apenas executa os comandos recebidos, não avalia, não faz julgamentos, ou controlar qualquer coisa. As máquinas onde o Nó está rodando não precisam ter o mesmo sistema operacional que os outros componentes. Por exemplo, um nó do Windows pode ter a capacidade de oferecer o Internet Explorer como uma opção de navegador, considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEnfileirador de Sessão, Fila de Sessão O Enfileirador de Sessão é o único componente que pode se comunicar com a nova fila de sessão. Ele lida com todas as operações de fila (como add) para manipular a fila. Possui parâmetros configuráveis ​​para definir o tempo limite da solicitação e o intervalo de repetição da solicitação.\nA Fila de Sessão recebe a nova solicitação de sessão do Roteador e a adiciona à fila. O enfileirador espera até receber a resposta para a solicitação. Se a solicitação expirar, ela será rejeitada imediatamente e não adicionada à fila.\nAo adicionar com sucesso a solicitação à fila, o Event Bus aciona um evento. O Distribuidor seleciona este evento e pesquisa a fila. Agora ele tenta criar uma sessão.\nSe os recursos solicitados não existirem em nenhum dos nós registrados, a solicitação será rejeitada imediatamente e o cliente recebe uma resposta.\nSe os recursos solicitados corresponderem aos recursos de qualquer um dos slots de Nó, o Distribuidor tenta obter o slot disponível. Se todos os slots estiverem ocupados, o Distribuidor pedirá ao enfileirador para adicionar o pedido para o início da fila. O Distribuidor recebe a solicitação novamente após o intervalo de repetição da solicitação. Ele tentará novas tentativas até que a solicitação seja bem-sucedida ou tenha expirado. Se a solicitação atingir o tempo limite ao tentar novamente ou adicionar à frente da fila, ela será rejeitada.\nDepois de obter um slot disponível e a criação de sessão, o Distribuidor passa a nova resposta de sessão para a nova fila de espera de sessão por meio do Event Bus. Enfileirador de Sessão responderá ao cliente quando ele recebe o evento.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nFunções na Grid Na Grade 3, os componentes eram Hub e Nó, e era possível executá-los juntos iniciando a Grid em modo autônomo. O mesmo conceito está disponível na Grid 4, é possível executar um hub agrupando alguns dos componentes descritos acima, e também é possível executar todos os componentes juntos em um modo autônomo.\nHub Hub é a união dos seguintes componentes:\n Roteador Distribuidor Mapa da Sessão Enfileirador de Sessão Event Bus  Habilita a configuração clássica de hub e nó(s).\nStandalone Como mencionado antes, Standalone é a união de todos os componentes e, aos olhos do usuário, eles são executado como um. Isso inclui todos os componentes que fazem parte do hub, mais um nó. Totalmente Uma Grid totalmente funcional está disponível após iniciá-la no modo Standalone.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Direitos autorais e atribuições","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A Documentação do Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nTodo esforço foi feito para tornar esta documentação a mais completa e precisa possível, mas nenhuma garantia ou adequação está implícita. As informações fornecidas são \u0026ldquo;no estado em que se encontram\u0026rdquo;. Os autores e a editora não terão qualquer responsabilidade para com qualquer pessoa ou entidade com relação a quaisquer perdas ou danos decorrentes das informações contidas neste livro. Nenhuma responsabilidade de patente é assumida com relação ao uso das informações aqui contidas.\nAtribuições Agradecimentos: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Entendendo os componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Construir um conjunto de testes usando WebDriver exigirá que você entenda e use efetivamente uma série de componentes diferentes. Como com tudo em software, pessoas diferentes usam termos diferentes para a mesma ideia. Abaixo está uma análise de como os termos são usados nesta descrição.\nTerminologia  API: interface de programação de aplicativo. Este é o conjunto de \u0026ldquo;comandos\u0026rdquo; que você usa para manipular o WebDriver. Biblioteca: um módulo de código que contém as APIs e o código necessário para implementá-los. As bibliotecas são específicas para cada linguagem, por exemplo arquivos .jar para Java, arquivos .dll para .NET, etc. Driver: responsável por controlar o navegador atual. A maioria dos drivers são criados pelos próprios fornecedores de navegadores. Os drivers são geralmente módulos executáveis ​​que são executados no sistema com o próprio navegador, não no sistema que está executando o conjunto de testes. (Embora esses possam ser mesmo sistema.) NOTA: Algumas pessoas se referem aos drivers como proxies. Framework: uma biblioteca adicional usada como suporte para suítes do WebDriver. Essas estruturas podem ser estruturas de teste, como JUnit ou NUnit. Eles também podem ser estruturas que suportam recursos de linguagem natural, como como Cucumber ou Robotium. Frameworks também podem ser escritos e usados ​​para coisas como manipulação ou configuração do sistema em teste, criação de dados, oráculos de teste, etc.  As partes e peças No mínimo, o WebDriver se comunica com um navegador por meio de um driver. Comunicação é bidirecional: o WebDriver passa comandos para o navegador por meio do driver e recebe informações de volta pela mesma rota.\nO driver é específico para o navegador, como ChromeDriver para Google Chrome / Chromium, GeckoDriver para Mozilla Firefox, etc. O driver é executado no mesmo sistema do navegador. Este pode, ou não ser, o mesmo sistema onde os próprios testes estão sendo executados.\nEste exemplo simples acima é comunicação direta. Comunicação para o navegador também pode ser comunicação remota através do servidor Selenium ou RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver roda no mesmo sistema que o driver e o navegador.\nA comunicação remota também pode ocorrer usando Selenium Server ou Selenium Grid, que, por sua vez, fala com o driver no sistema host\nOnde frameworks se encaixam O WebDriver tem um trabalho e apenas um trabalho: comunicar-se com o navegador por meio de qualquer um dos métodos acima. O WebDriver não sabe nada sobre testes: ele não sabe como comparar coisas, afirmar passa ou falha, e certamente não sabe uma coisa sobre relatórios ou gramática Dado / Quando / Então.\nÉ aqui que vários frameworks entram em cena. No mínimo, você precisará de um framework de teste que corresponde às linguagens, por exemplo, NUnit para .NET, JUnit para Java, RSpec para Ruby, etc.\nO framework de teste é responsável por rodar e executar seu WebDriver e etapas relacionadas em seus testes. Como tal, você pode pensar nele parecendo a imagem seguinte.\nFrameworks/ferramentas de linguagem natural, como Cucumber, podem existir como parte desse framework de teste na figura acima, ou eles podem envolver o framework de teste inteiramente em sua própria implementação.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primeiro você precisa instalar as ligações Selenium para seu projeto de automação. O processo de instalação de bibliotecas depende da linguagem que você escolher usar.\nJava A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Java pode ser feita usando Maven. Adicione a dependência selenium-java em seu pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; A dependência selenium-java suporta a execução de sua automação com todos os navegadores com suporte Selenium. Se você quiser fazer testes apenas em um navegador específico, você pode adicionar a dependência para esse navegador em seu arquivo pom.xml. Por exemplo, você deve adicionar a seguinte dependência em seu pom.xml arquivo para executar seus testes apenas no Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De maneira semelhante, se você deseja executar testes apenas no Chrome, você deve adicionar a seguinte dependência:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Python pode ser feita usando pip:\npip install selenium Como alternativa, você pode baixar o arquivo de origem do PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) e instale-o usando setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para C# pode ser feita usando NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Ruby pode ser feita usando gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para JavaScript pode ser feita usando npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Devido à ausência de vínculos de linguagem nativo para Kotlin, você deve usar vínculos Java, por exemplo, com Maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Modelos de objetos de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Objeto de página é um padrão de design que se tornou popular na automação de teste para melhorar a manutenção de teste e reduzir a duplicação de código. Um objeto de página é uma classe orientada a objetos que serve como uma interface para uma página de seu AUT. Os testes então usam os métodos desta classe de objeto de página sempre que precisam interagir com a interface do usuário dessa página. O benefício é que, se a IU mudar para a página, os próprios testes não precisam ser alterados, apenas o código dentro do o objeto da página precisa ser alterado. Posteriormente, todas as alterações para oferecer suporte a essa nova IU estão localizados em um só lugar.\nO padrão de design do objeto de página oferece as seguintes vantagens:\n Há uma separação clara entre o código de teste e o código específico da página, como localizadores (ou seu uso se você estiver usando um mapa de interface do usuário) e layout. Existe um único repositório para os serviços ou operações oferecidos pela página em vez de ter esses serviços espalhados pelos testes.  Em ambos os casos, isso permite qualquer modificação necessária devido a mudanças na IU ser feito em um só lugar. Informações úteis sobre esta técnica podem ser encontradas em vários blogs, já que esse ‘padrão de design de teste’ está se tornando amplamente usado. Nós incentivamos o leitor que deseja saber mais a pesquisar blogs na internet nesse assunto. Muitos escreveram sobre este padrão de design e podem fornecer dicas úteis que vão além do escopo deste guia do usuário. Para começar, no entanto, vamos ilustrar objetos de página com um exemplo simples.\nPrimeiro, considere um exemplo, típico de automação de teste, que não usa um objeto de página:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // preenche dados de login na página de entrada  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verifica que a tag h1 é \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; após o login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Há dois problemas com esta abordagem.\n Não há separação entre o método de teste e os localizadores AUT (IDs neste exemplo); ambos estão interligados em um único método. Se a IU da aplicação muda seus identificadores, layout ou como um login é inserido e processado, o próprio teste deve mudar. Os localizadores do ID estariam espalhados em vários testes, em todos os testes que precisassem usar esta página de login.  Aplicando as técnicas de objeto de página, este exemplo poderia ser reescrito assim no exemplo a seguir de um objeto de página para uma página de Sign-in.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsula a página de login. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login como um usuário válido * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } e o objeto de página de uma página inicial pode ter a seguinte aparência.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsula a Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Encapsulamento da página para gerenciar a funcionalidade do perfil  return new HomePage(driver); } /* Mais métodos fornecendo o serviços representados pela Home Page do usuário logado. Esses métodos por sua vez podem retornar mais Page Objects por exemplo clicar no botão Compor Email poderia retornar um objeto ComposeMail */ } Portanto, agora, o teste de login usaria esses dois objetos de página da seguinte maneira.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Há muita flexibilidade em como os objetos de página podem ser projetados, mas existem algumas regras básicas para obter a manutenção desejada de seu código de teste.\nOs próprios objetos de página nunca devem fazer verificações ou afirmações. Isto é parte do seu teste e deve estar sempre dentro do código do teste, nunca em um objeto de página. O objeto da página conterá a representação da página, e o serviços que a página fornece por meio de métodos, mas nenhum código relacionado ao que está sendo testado deve estar dentro do objeto de página.\nHá uma única verificação que pode e deve estar dentro do objeto de página e que é para verificar se a página e, possivelmente, elementos críticos em a página, foram carregados corretamente. Esta verificação deve ser feita enquanto instanciar o objeto de página. Nos exemplos acima, ambos SignInPage e os construtores da HomePage verificam se a página esperada está disponível e pronta para solicitações do teste.\nUm objeto de página não precisa necessariamente representar todas as partes da página em si. Os mesmos princípios usados para objetos de página podem ser usados para criar \u0026ldquo;Objetos de Componente de Página\u0026rdquo; que representam pedaços discretos da página e podem ser incluídos em objetos de página. Esses objetos de componentes podem fornecer referências aos elementos dentro desses blocos discretos, e métodos para utilizar a funcionalidade fornecida por eles. Você também pode aninhar objetos de componentes dentro de outros objetos de componentes para páginas mais complexas. Se uma página na aplicação tem vários componentes, ou componentes usados em todo o site (por exemplo, uma barra de navegação), então pode melhorar a manutenção e reduzir a duplicação de código.\nExistem outros padrões de design que também podem ser usados em testes. Alguns usam um Page Factory para instanciar seus objetos de página. Discutir tudo isso é além do escopo deste guia do usuário. Aqui, queremos apenas apresentar o conceitos para tornar o leitor ciente de algumas coisas que podem ser feitas. Como foi mencionado anteriormente, muitos escreveram sobre este tópico e nós encorajamos o leitor para pesquisar blogs sobre esses tópicos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navegadores comerciais O framework Selenium oferece suporte oficial aos seguintes navegadores:\n   Navegador Mantenedor Versões Suportadas     Chrome Chromium Todas as versões   Firefox Mozilla 54 ou mais nova   Edge Microsoft 84 ou mais nova   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 ou mais nova   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 ou mais nova   Safari Apple 10 ou mais nova    Navegadores especializados Também existe um conjunto de navegadores especializados por aí normalmente usados em ambientes de desenvolvimento. Podemos usar alguns desses navegadores para fins de automação também, e o Selenium suporta os seguintes drivers especializados:\n   Nome do driver Objetivo Mantenedor     HtmlUnitDriver Emulador de navegador sem cabeçalho apoiado pelo Rhino Projeto Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"O projeto Selenium e ferramentas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controla navegadores Selenium é muitas coisas mas, em sua essência, é um conjunto de ferramentas para automação de navegador da web que usa as melhores técnicas disponíveis para controlar remotamente as instâncias do navegador e emular a interação do usuário com o navegador.\nEle permite que os usuários simulem atividades comuns realizadas por usuários finais; inserir texto em campos, selecionando valores suspensos e caixas de seleção, e clicar em links em documentos. Ele também fornece muitos outros controles, como o movimento do mouse, execução arbitrária de JavaScript e muito mais.\nEmbora seja usado principalmente para testes de front-end de sites, Selenium é basicamente uma biblioteca de agente de usuário de navegador. As interfaces são onipresentes em seus aplicativos, o que incentiva a composição com outras bibliotecas para atender a sua finalidade.\nUma interface para tudo Um dos princípios norteadores do projeto é oferecer suporte a uma interface comum para todas as tecnologias de navegador (principais). Os navegadores da web são aplicativos incrivelmente complexos e altamente projetados, realizando suas operações de maneiras completamente diferentes mas que frequentemente têm a mesma aparência ao fazê-lo. Mesmo que o texto seja renderizado com as mesmas fontes, as imagens sejam exibidas no mesmo lugar e os links levem você ao mesmo destino. O que está acontecendo por baixo é tão diferente quanto noite e dia. Selenium \u0026ldquo;abstrai\u0026rdquo; essas diferenças, esconde seus detalhes e complexidades da pessoa que está escrevendo o código. Isso permite que você escreva várias linhas de código para realizar um fluxo de trabalho complicado, mas essas mesmas linhas serão executadas no Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome e todos os outros navegadores compatíveis.\nFerramentas e suporte A abordagem de design minimalista do Selenium lhe dá a versatilidade para ser incluído como um componente em aplicações maiores. A infraestrutura circundante fornecida sob o Selenium dá a você as ferramentas para montar sua Grid de navegadores para que os testes possam ser executados em diferentes navegadores e sistemas operacionais em uma variedade de máquinas.\nImagine um banco de computadores em sua sala de servidores ou data center todos abrindo navegadores ao mesmo tempo acessando links, formulários, e tabelas — testando seu aplicativo 24 horas por dia. Por meio da interface de programação simples fornecido para os idiomas mais comuns, esses testes serão executados incansavelmente em paralelo, reportando de volta para você quando ocorrerem erros.\nÉ o objetivo de ajudar a tornar isso uma realidade para você, fornecendo aos usuários ferramentas e documentação não apenas para controlar os navegadores mas para tornar mais fácil dimensionar e implantar essas grades.\nQuem usa Selenium Muitas das empresas mais importantes do mundo adotaram o Selenium para seus testes baseados em navegador, frequentemente substituindo esforços de anos envolvendo outras ferramentas proprietárias. À medida que sua popularidade cresceu, seus requisitos e desafios se multiplicaram.\nConforme a web se torna mais complicada e novas tecnologias são adicionadas aos sites, é a missão deste projeto acompanhá-los sempre que possível. Sendo um projeto de código aberto, este apoio é fornecido por meio da generosa doação de tempo de muitos voluntários, cada um deles tem um “trabalho diurno”.\nOutra missão do projeto é incentivar mais voluntários para participar deste esforço, e construir uma comunidade forte para que o projeto possa continuar a acompanhar as tecnologias emergentes e permanecer uma plataforma dominante para automação de teste funcional.\nHistória Quando Selenium 1 foi lançado em 2004, foi devido à necessidade de reduzir o tempo gasto verificando manualmente o comportamento consistente no front-end de um aplicativo da web. Ele fez uso de quais ferramentas estavam disponíveis na época e dependia muito da injeção de JavaScript na página da web em teste para emular a interação de um usuário.\nEmbora o JavaScript seja uma boa ferramenta para permitir que você faça uma introspecção nas propriedades do DOM e fazer certas observações do lado do cliente que, de outra forma, você não seria capaz de fazer, fica aquém da capacidade de replicar naturalmente as interações de um usuário como se o mouse e o teclado estivessem sendo usados.\nDesde então, Selenium cresceu e amadureceu muito, em uma ferramenta amplamente usada por muitos — se não pela maioria — das maiores organizações em todo o mundo. Selenium deixou de ser um kit de ferramentas de automação de teste caseiro desenvolvido na Thoughtworks para um público de nicho e um caso de uso específico, à biblioteca de automação de navegador de facto do mundo.\nAssim como o Selenium RC fazia uso das ferramentas do comércio disponíveis na época, Selenium WebDriver impulsiona essa tradição ao seguir a parte de interação do navegador com a área residencial do fornecedor do navegador e pedindo a eles que assumam a responsabilidade pelas implementações de back-end voltadas para o navegador. Recentemente, este trabalho evoluiu para um processo de padronização W3C onde o objetivo é transformar o componente WebDriver no Selenium na biblioteca de controle remoto du jour para agentes do usuário.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objetivos e funcionalidades principais","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Ponto de entrada central para todos os testes Gerenciamento e controle dos nós / ambiente onde os navegadores rodam Escalonamento Executar testes em paralelo Teste de plataforma cruzada Balanceamento de carga  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Recursos compartilhados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para criar uma nova sessão por Selenium WebDriver, a extremidade local deve fornecer os recursos básicos para a extremidade remota. A extremidade remota usa o mesmo conjunto de recursos para cria uma sessão e descreve os recursos da sessão atual.\nWebDriver fornece recursos que cada controle extremidade remota irá/deverá apoiar a implementação. A seguir estão os recursos que o WebDriver suporta:\nbrowserName: Este recurso é usado para definir o browserName para uma determinada sessão. Se o navegador especificado não estiver instalado na extremidade remota, a criação da sessão irá falhar\nbrowserVersion: Este recurso é opcional, usado para definir a versão do navegador disponível na extremidade remota. Por exemplo, se pedir o Chrome versão 75 em um sistema que tem apenas a versão 80 instalada, a criação da sessão irá falhar\npageLoadStrategy: Ao navegar para uma nova página via URL, por padrão o Selenium irá esperar até que a página esteja totalmente carregada antes de responder. Isso funciona bem para iniciantes, mas pode causar longos tempos de espera em páginas que carregam um grande número de recursos de terceiros. Usar uma estratégia não padrão pode tornar a execução de testes mais rápida em casos como este, mas também pode apresentar instabilidade onde os elementos na página mudam de posição conforme os elementos são carregados e mudam de tamanho.\nA estratégia de carregamento da página consulta o document.readyState conforme descrito na tabela abaixo:\n   Estrtégia Ready State Notas     normal complete Usado por padrão, aguarda o download de todos os recursos   eager interactive O acesso ao DOM está pronto, mas outros recursos, como imagens, ainda podem estar carregando   none Any Não bloqueia o WebDriver de nenhuma forma    platformName Isso identifica o sistema operacional na extremidade remota e buscar o platformName retorna o nome do sistema operacional.\nEm provedores baseados em nuvem, definir platformName define o sistema operacional na extremidade remota.\nacceptInsecureCerts Este recurso verifica se um Certificado TLS expirado (ou) inválido é usado durante a navegação durante uma sessão.\nSe o recurso for definido como false, um erro de certificado inseguro será retornado quando a navegação encontrar qualquer problema de certificado de domínio. Se definido como verdadeiro, o certificado inválido será confiável para o navegador.\nTodos os certificados autoassinados serão considerados confiáveis por esse recurso por padrão. Uma vez definido, o recurso acceptInsecureCerts terá um efeito para toda a sessão.\nTimeout de Sessão Uma session do WebDriver é imposta com um certo intervalo session timeout durante o qual o usuário pode controlar o comportamento de executar scripts ou recuperar informações do navegador.\nCada tempo limite de sessão é configurado com combinação de diferentes timeouts, conforme descrito abaixo:\nTimeout de Script: Especifica quando interromper um script em execução em um contexto de navegação atual. O tempo limite padrão 30.000 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver.\nTimeout de Carregamento de Página: Especifica o intervalo de tempo em que a página da web precisa ser carregado em um contexto de navegação atual. O tempo limite padrão 300.000 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver. Se os carregamento da página delimitar um determinado período de tempo, o script será interrompido por TimeoutException.\nTimeout de Espera Implícita: Isso especifica o tempo de espera pela estratégia de implicit element location quando localizando de elementos. O tempo limite padrão 0 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Especifica o estado do user prompt handler da sessão atual. O padrão é dismiss and notify state (dispensar e notificar estado, em português)\nUser Prompt Handler Isso define qual ação deve ser tomada quando um o prompt do usuário se encontra na extremidade remota. Isso é definido pelo recurso unhandledPromptBehavior e tem os seguintes estados:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect Este comando altera o tamanho e a posição da atual janela de contexto de navegação. Este comando atua como setter para o comando getWindowRect que aceita largura, altura, x, y como argumentos opcionais.\nDurante a automação, o contexto de navegação atual será associado com estados de janela, que descrevem a visibilidade da janela do navegador. Os estados da janela são\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Definir Width ou Height não garante que o resultado o tamanho da janela corresponderá exatamente ao que foi inserido. Isto é porque alguns drivers podem não ser redimensionados em incrementos de pixel único. Devido a isso, buscar o estado / detalhes da janela por getWindowRect pode não corresponder igualmente aos valores definidos para o navegador.\nstrictFileInteractability O novo recurso indica se as verificações estritas de interatividade devem ser aplicadas aos elementos input type = file. Como as verificações de interatividade estrita estão desativadas por padrão, há uma mudança no comportamento ao usar Element Send Keys com controles de upload de arquivos ocultos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução Selenium RC foi o principal projeto da Selenium por muito tempo, antes da fusão WebDriver / Selenium trazer o Selenium 2, uma ferramenta mais poderosa. Vale ressaltar que não há mais suporte para Selenium 1.\nComo o Selenium RC funciona Primeiro, vamos descrever como os componentes do Selenium RC operam e o papel que cada um desempenha na execução de seus scripts de teste.\nComponentes do RC Os componentes do Selenium RC são:\n O servidor Selenium que inicia e mata navegadores, interpreta e executa os comandos em Selenese passados do programa de teste e atua como um proxy HTTP, interceptando e verificando mensagens HTTP passadas entre o navegador e a aplicação sendo testada. Bibliotecas de cliente que fornecem a interface entre cada linguagem de programação e o Selenium RC Server.  Aqui está um diagrama de arquitetura simplificado:\nO diagrama mostra que as bibliotecas cliente se comunicam com o servidor passando cada comando Selenium para execução. Então o servidor passa o comando Selenium para o navegador usando comandos Selenium-Core JavaScript. O navegador, usando seu interpretador JavaScript, executa o comando Selenium. Este executa a ação em Selenese ou verificação que você especificou em seu script de teste.\nServidor Selenium O servidor Selenium recebe comandos Selenium do seu programa de teste, os interpreta e reporta ao seu programa os resultados da execução desses testes.\nO servidor RC agrupa o Selenium Core e o injeta automaticamente no navegador. Isso ocorre quando seu programa de teste abre o navegador (usando uma função API de biblioteca cliente). Selenium-Core é um programa JavaScript, na verdade um conjunto de funções JavaScript que interpretam e executam comandos em Selenese usando o interpretador de JavaScript embutido do navegador.\nO servidor recebe os comandos em Selenese do seu programa de teste usando solicitações HTTP GET/POST simples. Isso significa que você pode usar qualquer linguagem de programação que pode enviar solicitações HTTP para automatizar os testes Selenium no navegador.\nBibliotecas Cliente As bibliotecas cliente fornecem suporte de programação que permite que você execute comandos Selenium a partir de um programa de seu próprio projeto. Existe um biblioteca cliente diferente para cada linguagem compatível. Um cliente Selenium biblioteca fornece uma interface de programação (API), ou seja, um conjunto de funções, que executam comandos Selenium de seu próprio programa. Dentro de cada interface, existe uma função de programação que suporta cada comando em Selenese.\nA biblioteca cliente pega um comando em Selenese e o passa para o servidor Selenium para processar uma ação específica ou teste no aplicativo em teste (AUT). A biblioteca cliente também recebe o resultado desse comando e o devolve ao seu programa. Seu programa pode receber o resultado e armazená-lo em uma variável de programa e relatá-lo como um sucesso ou fracasso, ou possivelmente executar uma ação corretiva se for um erro inesperado.\nEntão, para criar um programa de teste, você simplesmente escreve um programa que executa um conjunto de comandos Selenium usando uma API de biblioteca cliente. E, opcionalmente, se você já tem um script de teste em Selenese criado na Selenium-IDE, você pode gerar o código Selenium RC. A Selenium-IDE pode traduzir (usando seu item de menu Exportar) seus comandos Selenium em chamadas de função de uma API de driver de cliente. Consulte o capítulo Selenium-IDE para obter detalhes sobre a exportação de código RC a partir da Selenium-IDE.\nInstalação A instalação é um nome impróprio para Selenium. Selenium tem um conjunto de bibliotecas disponíveis na linguagem de programação de sua escolha. Você pode baixá-los na página de downloads.\nDepois de escolher uma linguagem para trabalhar, você só precisa:\n Instalar o Selenium RC Server. Configurar um projeto de programação usando um driver cliente específico de linguagem.  Instalando o servidor Selenium O servidor Selenium RC é simplesmente um arquivo Java jar (selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;número da versão\u0026gt;.jar), que não requer qualquer instalação especial. Basta baixar o arquivo zip e extrair o servidor no diretório desejado.\nExecutando o servidor Selenium Antes de iniciar qualquer teste, você deve iniciar o servidor. Vá para o diretório onde o servidor Selenium RC está localizado e execute o seguinte a partir da linha de comando.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Isso pode ser simplificado criando um arquivo executável em lote ou shell (.bat no Windows e .sh no Linux) contendo o comando acima. Em seguida, faça um atalho para esse executável em seu desktop e simplesmente clique duas vezes no ícone para iniciar o servidor.\nPara o servidor funcionar, você precisa do Java instalado e a variável de ambiente PATH configurada corretamente para executá-lo a partir do console. Você pode verificar se o Java está instalado corretamente executando o seguinte em um console.\njava -version Se você obtiver um número de versão (que precisa ser 1.5 ou posterior), você está pronto para começar a usar o Selenium RC.\nUsando o driver cliente para Java  Baixe o zip do driver do cliente Selenium Java na página de downloads do SeleniumHQ. Extraia o arquivo selenium-java-.jar Abra a IDE Java desejada (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Crie um projeto Java. Adicione os arquivos selenium-java-.jar ao seu projeto como referências. Adicione ao classpath do projeto o arquivo selenium-java-.jar. Na Selenium-IDE, exporte um script para um arquivo Java e inclua-o em seu projeto Java ou escreva seu teste Selenium em Java usando a API selenium-java-client. A API é apresentada posteriormente neste capítulo. Você pode usar JUnit ou TestNg para executar seu teste, ou você pode escrever seu próprio programa main() simples. Esses conceitos são explicados mais para frente nesta seção. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console. Execute seu teste na Java IDE ou na linha de comando.  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do projeto de teste Java, consulte as seções do Apêndice Configurando Selenium RC com Eclipse e Configurando Selenium RC com Intellij.\nUsando o driver cliente para Python  Instale o Selenium via pip, instruções no link da página de downloads do SeleniumHQ Escreva seu teste Selenium em Python ou exporte um script da Selenium-IDE para um arquivo python. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console Execute seu teste em um console ou IDE Python  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do driver cliente Python, consulte o apêndice Configuração do driver cliente Python.\nUsando o driver cliente para .NET  Baixe o Selenium RC na página de downloads do SeleniumHQ Extraia a pasta Baixe e instale o NUnit ( Nota: você pode usar o NUnit como seu mecanismo de teste. Se você ainda não está familiarizado com NUnit, você também pode escrever uma função main() simples para executar seus testes; no entanto, o NUnit é muito útil como um mecanismo de teste.) Abra a IDE .Net desejado (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Crie uma biblioteca de classes (.dll) Adicione referências às seguintes DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit.framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll e ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Escreva seu teste Selenium em uma linguagem .Net (C#, VB.Net) ou exporte um script da Selenium-IDE para um arquivo C# e copie este código para o arquivo de classe você acabou de criar. Escreva seu próprio programa main() simples ou você pode incluir NUnit em seu projeto para executar seu teste. Esses conceitos são explicados posteriormente neste capítulo. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console Execute seu teste a partir da IDE, da GUI do NUnit ou da linha de comando  Para obter detalhes específicos sobre a configuração do driver cliente .NET com Visual Studio, consulte o apêndice Configuração do driver cliente .NET.\nUsando o driver cliente para Ruby  Se você ainda não tem RubyGems, instale-o do RubyForge. Execute gem install selenium-client No topo do seu script de teste, adicione require \u0026quot;selenium / client\u0026quot; Escreva seu script de teste usando qualquer função de teste Ruby (por exemplo, Test::Unit, Mini::Test ou RSpec). Execute o servidor Selenium RC a partir do console. Execute seu teste da mesma forma que você executaria qualquer outro script Ruby.  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do driver do cliente Ruby, consulte a documentação do Selenium-Client\nDo Selenese ao Programa A principal tarefa para usar o Selenium RC é converter seu Selenese em uma linguagem de programação. Nesta seção, fornecemos vários exemplos específicos de linguagens diferentes.\nExemplo de script de teste Vamos começar com um exemplo de script de teste em Selenese. Imagine gravar o seguinte teste com Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Observação: este exemplo funcionaria com a página de pesquisa do Google http://www.google.com\nSelenese como código Aqui está o script de teste exportado (via Selenium-IDE) para cada uma das linguagens de programação. Se você tem pelo menos conhecimento básico de linguagem de programação orientada a objetos (OOP), você vai entender como o Selenium executa comandos em Selenese lendo um destes exemplos. Para ver um exemplo em uma linguagem específica, selecione um desses botões.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end Na próxima seção, explicaremos como construir um programa de teste usando o código gerado.\nProgramando seu teste Agora vamos ilustrar como programar seus próprios testes usando exemplos em cada uma das linguagens de programação suportadas. Existem essencialmente duas tarefas:\n*Gerar seu script em uma linguagem de programação a partir da Selenium-IDE, opcionalmente modificando o resultado. *Escrever um programa principal muito simples que execute o código gerado.\nOpcionalmente, você pode adotar uma plataforma de mecanismo de teste como JUnit ou TestNG para Java, ou NUnit para .NET se você estiver usando uma dessas linguagens.\nAqui, mostramos exemplos específicos de cada linguagem. As APIs específicas do idioma tendem a diferir de um para o outro, então você encontrará uma explicação separada para cada um.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Para Java, as pessoas usam JUnit ou TestNG como mecanismo de teste. Alguns ambientes de desenvolvimento como o Eclipse têm suporte direto para eles via plug-ins. Isso torna tudo ainda mais fácil. Ensinar JUnit ou TestNG está além do escopo de este documento, no entanto, os materiais podem ser encontrados online e há publicações acessíveis. Se você já é uma \u0026ldquo;loja de Java\u0026rdquo;, é provável que seus desenvolvedores já tem alguma experiência com uma dessas estruturas de teste.\nVocê provavelmente vai querer renomear a classe de teste de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; para algo de sua própria escolha. Além disso, você precisará alterar os parâmetros abertos pelo navegador na declaração:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); O código gerado pela Selenium-IDE terá a seguinte aparência. Este exemplo tem comentários adicionados manualmente para maior clareza.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# O driver do cliente .NET funciona com o Microsoft.NET. Pode ser usado com qualquer framework de teste .NET como o NUnit ou o Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assume que você usará NUnit como sua estrutura de teste. Você pode ver isso no código gerado abaixo. Inclui a declaração using para NUnit junto com os atributos NUnit correspondentes que identificam o papel de cada função-membro da classe de teste.\nVocê provavelmente terá que renomear a classe de teste de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; para algo de sua própria escolha. Além disso, você precisará alterar os parâmetros abertos pelo navegador na declaração\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); O código gerado será semelhante a este.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Você pode permitir que o NUnit gerencie a execução de seus testes. Ou, alternativamente, você pode escrever um programa main() simples que instancia o objeto de teste e executa cada um dos três métodos, SetupTest(), TheNewTest() e TeardownTest() por sua vez.\nPython Pyunit é a estrutura de teste a ser usada para Python.\nA estrutura básica do teste é:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Versões antigas (pré 2.0) da Selenium-IDE geram código Ruby que requer o gem antigo do Selenium. Portanto, é aconselhável atualizar todos os scripts Ruby gerados pela IDE da seguinte forma:\n  Na linha 1, altere require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; para require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  Na linha 11, altere Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new para Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  Você provavelmente também deseja alterar o nome da classe para algo mais informativo do que \u0026ldquo;Untitled\u0026rdquo; e alterar o nome do método de teste para algo diferente de \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nAqui está um exemplo simples criado pela modificação do código Ruby gerado pela Selenium IDE, conforme descrito acima.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP Os membros da equipe de documentação não usaram Selenium RC com Perl ou PHP. Se você estiver usando Selenium RC com qualquer um desses dois idiomas, entre em contato com a Equipe de Documentação (consulte o capítulo sobre Contribuições). Gostaríamos muito de incluir alguns exemplos seus e de suas experiências, para oferecer suporte a usuários Perl e PHP.\nAprendendo a API A API Selenium RC usa convenções de nomenclatura que, supondo que você entenda Selenese, será em grande parte autoexplicativo. Aqui, no entanto, explicamos os aspectos mais críticos e possivelmente menos óbvios.\nIniciando o navegador CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Cada um desses exemplos abre o navegador e representa esse navegador atribuindo uma \u0026ldquo;instância do navegador\u0026rdquo; a uma variável de programa. Esta variável de programa é então usada para chamar métodos do navegador. Esses métodos executam os comandos Selenium, ou seja, como open ou type ou verify.\nOs parâmetros necessários ao criar a instância do navegador são:\n  host Especifica o endereço IP do computador onde o servidor está localizado. Normalmente, esta é a mesma máquina em que o cliente está sendo executado, portanto, neste caso, localhost é passado. Em alguns clientes, este é um parâmetro opcional.\n  port Especifica o socket TCP/IP onde o servidor está escutando, esperando para o cliente estabelecer uma conexão. Isso também é opcional em alguns drivers do cliente.\n  browser O navegador no qual você deseja executar os testes. Este é um parâmetro obrigatório.\n  url A url base do aplicativo em teste. Isso é exigido por todas as libs de cliente e é uma informação integral para iniciar a comunicação entre navegador-proxy-aplicação.\n  Observe que algumas das bibliotecas cliente exigem que o navegador seja iniciado explicitamente chamando seu método start ().\nExecutando comandos Depois de ter o navegador inicializado e atribuído a uma variável (geralmente chamada \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;), você pode fazê-lo executar comandos Selenese chamando os respectivos métodos a partir da variável do navegador. Por exemplo, para chamar o método type do objeto selenium:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) Em segundo plano, o navegador realmente realizará uma operação type, essencialmente idêntico a um usuário digitando uma entrada no navegador, usando o localizador e a string que você especificou durante a chamada do método.\nReportando resultados O Selenium RC não tem seu próprio mecanismo para relatar os resultados. Em vez disso, você pode construir seus relatórios personalizados de acordo com suas necessidades, usando recursos de sua linguagem de programação escolhida. Isso é ótimo, mas e se você simplesmente quiser algo rápido que já foi feito para você? Muitas vezes, uma biblioteca existente ou estrutura de teste pode atender às suas necessidades mais rapidamente do que desenvolver seu próprio código de relatório de teste.\nFerramentas de reporte dos frameworks de teste Frameworks de teste estão disponíveis para muitas linguagens de programação. Estes, junto com sua função principal de fornecer um mecanismo de teste flexível para executar seus testes, incluem o código da biblioteca para relatar os resultados. Por exemplo, Java tem dois frameworks de teste comumente usados, JUnit e TestNG. .NET também tem seu próprio, NUnit.\nNão ensinaremos os frameworks aqui; e que está além do escopo deste guia de usuário. Vamos simplesmente apresentar os recursos do framework relacionados ao Selenium junto com algumas técnicas que você pode aplicar. Existem bons livros disponíveis sobre estas estruturas de teste, juntamente com informações na Internet.\nBibliotecas de relatórios de teste Também estão disponíveis bibliotecas de terceiros criadas especificamente para reportar os resultados dos testes na linguagem de programação escolhida. Estes geralmente suportam uma variedade de formatos, como HTML ou PDF.\nQual a melhor técnica? A maioria das pessoas novas no uso dos frameworks de teste começarão com os recursos de relatórios integrados no framework. A partir daí, a maioria examinará todas as bibliotecas disponíveis pois isso consome menos tempo do que desenvolver a sua própria. Quando você começa a usar o Selenium, sem dúvida, você vai começar a colocar seus próprios \u0026ldquo;prints\u0026rdquo; para relatar o progresso. Isso pode levá-lo gradualmente a desenvolver seus próprios relatórios, possivelmente em paralelo ao uso de uma biblioteca ou estrutura de teste. Independentemente, após a curta curva de aprendizado inicial você desenvolverá naturalmente o que funciona melhor para sua própria situação.\nExemplos de relatórios de teste Para ilustrar, iremos direcioná-lo para algumas ferramentas específicas em algumas das outras linguagens apoiadas pelo Selenium. As listadas aqui são comumente usadas e têm sido usadas extensivamente (e portanto recomendadas) pelos autores deste guia.\nRelatórios de teste em Java   Se os casos de teste Selenium forem desenvolvidos usando JUnit, então o relatório JUnit pode ser usado para gerar relatórios de teste.\n  Se os casos de teste Selenium forem desenvolvidos usando TestNG, então nenhuma tarefa externa é necessária para gerar relatórios de teste. A estrutura TestNG gera um Relatório HTML que lista os detalhes dos testes.\n  ReportNG é um plug-in de relatório HTML para a estrutura TestNG. Destina-se a substituir o relatório HTML padrão do TestNG. O ReportNG fornece uma visualização simples e codificada por cores dos resultados do teste.\n  Registrando os comandos Selenese  O Logging Selenium pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de todos os comandos Selenese em seu teste junto com o sucesso ou fracasso de cada um. Logging Selenium estende o driver do cliente Java para adicionar esta capacidade de registro do Selenese.  Relatórios de teste em Python  Ao usar o driver de cliente para Python, HTMLTestRunner pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de teste.  Relatórios de teste em Ruby  Se o framework RSpec for usado para escrever Casos de Teste Selenium em Ruby então seu relatório HTML pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de teste.  Adicionando algum tempero aos seus testes Agora veremos toda a razão de usar Selenium RC, adicionando lógica de programação aos seus testes. É o mesmo que para qualquer programa. O fluxo do programa é controlado por meio de declarações de condição e iteração. Além disso, você pode relatar informações de progresso usando I/O. Nesta secção vamos mostrar alguns exemplos de como construções de linguagem de programação podem ser combinadas com Selenium para resolver problemas de teste comuns.\nVocê vai descobrir ao fazer a transição dos testes simples da existência de elementos de página para testes de funcionalidade dinâmica envolvendo várias páginas da web e dados variáveis que você exigirá lógica de programação para verificar resultados. Basicamente, a Selenium-IDE não suporta iteração e declarações de condição padrão. Você pode fazer algumas condições incorporando JavaScript em parâmetros Selenese, no entanto iteração é impossível, e a maioria das condições será muito mais fácil em uma linguagem de programação. Além disso, você pode precisar de tratamento de exceção para recuperação de erros. Por essas e outras razões, escrevemos esta seção para ilustrar o uso de técnicas de programação comuns para dar a você maior \u0026lsquo;poder de verificação\u0026rsquo; em seus testes automatizados.\nOs exemplos nesta seção são escritos em C# e Java, embora o código seja simples e possa ser facilmente adaptado às demais linguagens. Se você tem algum conhecimento básico de uma linguagem de programação orientada a objetos, você não deve ter dificuldade em entender esta seção.\nIteração A iteração é uma das coisas mais comuns que as pessoas precisam fazer em seus testes. Por exemplo, você pode querer executar uma pesquisa várias vezes. Ou, talvez para verificar os resultados do teste, você precisa processar um \u0026ldquo;conjunto de resultados\u0026rdquo; retornado de um banco de dados.\nUsando o mesmo exemplo de pesquisa do Google que usamos anteriormente, vamos verificar os resultados da pesquisa Selenium. Este teste pode usar o Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     O código foi repetido para executar as mesmas etapas 3 vezes. Mas ter múltiplas cópias do mesmo código não é uma boa prática de programação porque é mais trabalhoso para manter. Usando uma linguagem de programação, podemos iterar sobre os resultados da pesquisa para uma solução mais flexível e sustentável.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Declarações de condição Para ilustrar o uso de condições em testes, começaremos com um exemplo. Um problema comum encontrado durante a execução de testes Selenium ocorre quando o elemento esperado não está disponível na página. Por exemplo, ao executar a seguinte linha:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); Se o elemento \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; não estiver na página, então uma exceção é lançada:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found Isso pode fazer com que seu teste seja interrompido. Para alguns testes, é isso que você deseja. Mas frequentemente isso não é desejável, pois seu script de teste tem muitos outros testes subsequentes para realizar.\nUma abordagem melhor é primeiro validar se o elemento está realmente presente e então escolher alternativas quando não estiver. Vejamos isso usando Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } A vantagem desta abordagem é continuar com a execução do teste, mesmo se alguns elementos de IU não estão disponíveis na página.\nExecutando JavaScript a partir do seu teste JavaScript é muito útil para exercitar uma aplicação que não é diretamente suportada por Selenium. O método getEval da API Selenium pode ser usado para executar JavaScript a partir de Selenium RC.\nConsidere um aplicativo com caixas de seleção sem identificadores estáticos. Neste caso, pode-se avaliar o JavaScript do Selenium RC para obter ids de todas caixas de seleção e, em seguida, exercitá-las.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } Para contar as imagens em uma página\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Lembre-se de usar o objeto window no caso de expressões DOM já que por padrão a janela Selenium é referida, não a janela de teste.\nOpções do servidor Quando o servidor é iniciado, as opções de linha de comando podem ser usadas para alterar o comportamento padrão do servidor.\nLembre-se de que o servidor é iniciado executando o seguinte.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Para ver a lista de opções, execute o servidor com a opção -h.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h Você verá uma lista de todas as opções que pode usar com o servidor e uma breve descrição de cada. As descrições fornecidas nem sempre serão suficientes, então fornecemos explicações para algumas das opções mais importantes.\nConfiguração do Proxy Se o seu aplicação estiver atrás de um proxy HTTP que requer autenticação, você deve configurar http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser e http.proxyPassword usando o seguinte comando.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Modo multi-janela Se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0, você provavelmente pode pular esta seção, uma vez que o modo multijanela é o comportamento padrão. No entanto, antes da versão 1.0, o Selenium executava por padrão o aplicativo em teste em um subquadro, conforme mostrado aqui.\nAlguns aplicativos não funcionavam corretamente em um subquadro e precisavam ser carregados no quadro superior da janela. A opção de modo multi-janela permitida a aplicação testada ser executada em uma janela separada, em vez do quadro padrão onde poderia então ter o quadro superior necessário.\nPara versões mais antigas do Selenium você deve especificar o modo multijanela explicitamente com a seguinte opção:\n-multiwindow A partir do Selenium RC 1.0, se você deseja executar seu teste dentro de um quadro único (ou seja, usando o padrão para versões anteriores do Selenium) você pode declarar isso ao servidor Selenium usando a opção\n-singlewindow Especificando o perfil do Firefox O Firefox não executará duas instâncias simultaneamente, a menos que você especifique um perfil separado para cada instância. Selenium RC 1.0 e posterior é executado em um perfil separado automaticamente, então se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0, você pode provavelmente pular esta seção. No entanto, se você estiver usando uma versão mais antiga do Selenium ou se você precisar usar um perfil específico para seus testes (como adicionar um certificado https ou ter alguns complementos instalados), você precisa especificar explicitamente o perfil.\nPrimeiro, para criar um perfil separado do Firefox, siga este procedimento. Abra o menu Iniciar do Windows, selecione \u0026ldquo;Executar\u0026rdquo;, digite e entre um dos seguintes:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Crie o novo perfil usando a caixa de diálogo. Então, quando você executar o Selenium Server, diga a ele para usar este novo perfil do Firefox com a opção de linha de comando do servidor -firefoxProfileTemplate e especifique o caminho para o perfil usando seu nome de arquivo e o caminho do diretório.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Aviso: certifique-se de colocar seu perfil em uma nova pasta separada da padrão!!! A ferramenta gerenciadora de perfil do Firefox irá deletar todos os arquivos em uma pasta se você excluir um perfil, independentemente de serem arquivos de perfil ou não.\nMais informações sobre os perfis do Firefox podem ser encontradas em Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nExecute Selenese diretamente dentro do servidor usando -htmlSuite Você pode executar arquivos Selenese html diretamente no servidor Selenium passando o arquivo html para a linha de comando do servidor. Por exemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; Isso iniciará automaticamente seu pacote HTML, executará todos os testes e salvará um bom relatório HTML com os resultados.\nNota: ao usar esta opção, o servidor irá iniciar os testes e aguardar um número especificado de segundos para o teste ser concluído; se o teste não completar dentro desse período de tempo, o comando sairá com um código de saída diferente de zero e nenhum arquivo de resultados será gerado.\nEsta linha de comando é muito longa, então tome cuidado com o que você digita. Observe que isso requer que você passe uma suíte de arquivos HTML Selenese, não um único teste. Também esteja ciente de que a opção -htmlSuite é incompatível com -interactive. Você não pode executar os dois ao mesmo tempo.\nLogging do servidor Selenium logs do lado do servidor Ao iniciar o servidor Selenium, a opção -log pode ser usada para gravar informações valiosas de depuração relatadas pelo servidor Selenium em um arquivo de texto.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log Este arquivo de log é mais detalhado do que os logs do console padrão (inclui mensagens de registro de nível DEBUG ). O arquivo de log também inclui o nome do registrador e o número do thread que registrou a mensagem. Por exemplo:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW O formato da mensagem é\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE Esta mensagens pode ter múltiplas linhas.\nLogs do lado do navegador O JavaScript no lado do navegador (Selenium Core) também registra mensagens importantes; em muitos casos, eles podem ser mais úteis para o usuário final do que os Logs normais do servidor. Para acessar os registros do lado do navegador, passe o argumento -browserSideLog para o servidor Selenium.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog deve ser combinado com o argumento -log, para registrar browserSideLogs (bem como todas as outras mensagens de log de nível DEBUG) em um arquivo.\nEspecificando o caminho para um navegador específico Você pode especificar para o Selenium RC o caminho para um navegador. Isto é útil se você possui diferentes versões do mesmo navegador e você deseja usar uma em específico. Isto também pode ser usado para executar seus testes em um navegador que não é suportado diretamente pelo Selenium RC. Quando especificar o modo de execução, use o especificador *custom seguido do caminho completo para o executável do navegador.\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Arquitetura do Selenium RC Nota: este tópico tenta explicar a implementação técnica por trás do Selenium RC. Não é fundamental para um usuário Selenium saber disso, mas pode ser útil para entender alguns dos problemas que você pode encontrar no futuro.\nPara entender em detalhes como o Selenium RC Server funciona e porque ele usa injeção de proxy e modos de privilégio elevado você deve primeiro entender the same origin policy.\nA política de mesma origem (Same Origin Policy) A principal restrição que o Selenium enfrenta é a política de mesma origem. Esta restrição de segurança é aplicada por todos os navegadores no mercado e seu objetivo é garantir que o conteúdo de um site nunca esteja acessível por um script de outro site. A política da mesma origem determina que qualquer código carregado no navegador só pode operar dentro do domínio desse site. Ele não pode executar funções em outro site. Por exemplo, se o navegador carrega o código JavaScript quando carrega www.mysite.com, ele não pode executar esse código carregado em www.mysite2.com - mesmo que seja outro de seus sites. Se isso fosse possível, um script colocado em qualquer site que você abrir seria capaz de ler informações sobre sua conta bancária se você tivesse a página da conta aberto em outra guia. Isso é chamado de XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nPara trabalhar dentro desta política, Selenium-Core (e seus comandos JavaScript que fazem toda a mágica acontecer) deve ser colocado na mesma origem do aplicativo testado (mesmo URL).\nHistoricamente, Selenium-Core era limitado por este problema, uma vez que foi implementado em JavaScript. O Selenium RC não é, entretanto, restringido pela Política da Mesma Origem. Seu uso do Selenium Server como proxy evita esse problema. Essencialmente, diz ao navegador que o navegador está funcionando em um único site \u0026ldquo;falsificado\u0026rdquo; que o servidor fornece.\nNota: você pode encontrar informações adicionais sobre este tópico nas páginas da Wikipedia sobre a política da mesma origem e XSS.\nInjeção de Proxy O primeiro método que o Selenium usou para evitar a Política de Mesma Origem foi a injeção de proxy. No modo de injeção de proxy, o servidor Selenium atua como um HTTP configurado pelo cliente proxy 1, que fica entre o navegador e o aplicativo em teste 2. Em seguida, ele mascara a aplicação testada sob uma URL fictícia (incorporação Selenium-Core e o conjunto de testes e entregando-os como se estivessem chegando da mesma origem).\nAqui está um diagrama da arquitetura.\nQuando um conjunto de testes começa em sua linguagem favorita, acontece o seguinte:\n O cliente/driver estabelece uma conexão com o servidor selenium-RC. O servidor Selenium RC inicia um navegador (ou reutiliza um antigo) com uma URL que injeta o JavaScript do Selenium-Core na página da web carregada pelo navegador. O driver do cliente passa um comando Selenese para o servidor. O servidor interpreta o comando e então aciona a execução correspondente de JavaScript para executar esse comando no navegador. Selenium-Core instrui o navegador a agir sobre a primeira instrução, normalmente abrindo uma página da aplicação testada. O navegador recebe a solicitação de abertura e pede o conteúdo do site do servidor Selenium RC (definido como o proxy HTTP para o navegador usar). O servidor Selenium RC se comunica com o servidor Web solicitando a página e uma vez que recebe, envia a página para o navegador mascarando a origem para parecer que a página vem do mesmo servidor que Selenium-Core (isso permite Selenium-Core para cumprir a Política da Mesma Origem). O navegador recebe a página da web e a renderiza no quadro/janela reservado para isso.  Navegadores com privilégio elevado Este fluxo de trabalho neste método é muito semelhante à injeção de proxy, mas a principal diferença é que os navegadores são iniciados em um modo especial chamado de Privilégios Aumentados, que permite que os sites façam coisas que normalmente não são permitidas (como fazer XSS, ou preencher entradas de upload de arquivos e coisas muito úteis para o Selenium). Ao usar esses modos de navegador, o Selenium Core é capaz de abrir diretamente a aplicação testada e ler/interagir com seu conteúdo sem ter que passar a aplicação inteira através do servidor Selenium RC.\nAqui está um diagrama da arquitetura.\nQuando um conjunto de testes começa em sua linguagem favorita, acontece o seguinte:\n O cliente/driver estabelece uma conexão com o servidor selenium-RC. O servidor Selenium RC inicia um navegador (ou reutiliza um antigo) com uma URL que irá carregar o Selenium-Core na página da web. Selenium-Core obtém a primeira instrução do cliente/driver (através de outra solicitação HTTP feita ao servidor Selenium RC). Selenium-Core atua na primeira instrução, normalmente abrindo uma página da aplicação. O navegador recebe a solicitação de abertura e solicita a página ao servidor da Web. Assim que o navegador recebe a página da web, a renderiza no quadro / janela reservado para isso.  Lidando com HTTPS e Popups de segurança Muitos aplicativos mudam de HTTP para HTTPS quando precisam enviar informações criptografadas, como senhas ou informações de cartão de crédito. Isto é comum com muitos dos aplicativos da web de hoje. Selenium RC apoia isso.\nPara garantir que o site HTTPS seja genuíno, o navegador precisará de um certificado de segurança. Caso contrário, quando o navegador acessar a aplicação testada usando HTTPS, ele irá presumir que o aplicativo não é \u0026lsquo;confiável\u0026rsquo;. Quando isso ocorre, o navegador exibe pop-ups de segurança e esses pop-ups não podem ser fechados usando o Selenium RC.\nAo lidar com HTTPS em um teste Selenium RC, você deve usar um modo de execução que suporte isso e controle o certificado de segurança para você. Você especifica o modo de execução quando seu programa de teste inicializa o Selenium.\nNo Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 e posterior, use *firefox ou *iexplore para o modo de execução. Em versões anteriores, incluindo Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome ou *iehta, para o modo de execução. Usando esses modos de execução, você não precisará instalar quaisquer certificados de segurança especiais; Selenium RC cuidará disso para você.\nNa versão 1.0, os modos de execução *firefox ou *iexplore são recomendados. No entanto, existem modos de execução adicionais de *iexploreproxy e *firefoxproxy. Eles são fornecidos apenas para compatibilidade com versões anteriores, e não devem ser usados, a menos que exigido por programas de teste legados. Seu uso vai apresentar limitações com o manuseio do certificado de segurança e com o funcionamento de várias janelas se seu aplicativo abrir janelas adicionais do navegador.\nEm versões anteriores do Selenium RC, *chrome ou *iehta eram os modos de execução que suportavam HTTPS suportado e o tratamento de popups de segurança. Estes foram considerados \u0026lsquo;modos experimentais\u0026rsquo;, embora tenham se tornado bastante estáveis e muitas pessoas os usaram. Se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0 você não precisa, e não deve usar, esses modos de execução mais antigos.\nCertificados de Segurança explicados Normalmente, seu navegador confiará no aplicativo que você está testando instalando um certificado de segurança que você já possui. Você pode verificar isso nas opções do seu navegador ou propriedades da Internet (se você não conheça o certificado de segurança da sua aplicação, pergunte ao administrador do sistema). Quando o Selenium carrega seu navegador, ele injeta um código para interceptar mensagens entre o navegador e o servidor. O navegador agora pensa que algum software não confiável está tentando se parecer com o seu aplicativo. Ele responde alertando você com mensagens pop-up.\nPara contornar isso, Selenium RC, (novamente ao usar um modo de execução que suporta isso) instalará seu próprio certificado de segurança, temporariamente, em sua máquina cliente em um local onde o navegador possa acessá-lo. Isso engana o navegador a pensar que está acessando um site diferente da sua aplicação e suprime efetivamente os pop-ups.\nOutro método usado com versões anteriores do Selenium era instalar o certificado de segurança Cybervillians fornecido com sua instalação do Selenium. A maioria dos usuários não deve mais precisar fazer isso; se você está executando o Selenium RC no modo de injeção de proxy, você pode precisar instalar explicitamente este certificado de segurança.\nSuportando navegadores e configurações adicionais A API Selenium suporta a execução em vários navegadores, além de Internet Explorer e Mozilla Firefox. Veja o site https://selenium.dev para navegadores compatíveis. Além disso, quando um navegador não é diretamente compatível, você ainda pode executar seus testes Selenium em um navegador de sua escolha usando o modo de execução \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; (ou seja, no lugar de *firefox ou *iexplore) quando seu aplicativo de teste inicia o navegador. Com isso, você passa no caminho para os navegadores executáveis na chamada de API. Isso também pode ser feito a partir do servidor em modo interativo.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Executando testes com diferentes configurações de navegador Normalmente o Selenium RC configura automaticamente o navegador, mas se você iniciar o navegador usando o modo de execução \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;, você pode forçar o Selenium RC a iniciar o navegador como está, sem usar uma configuração automática.\nPor exemplo, você pode iniciar o Firefox com uma configuração personalizada como esta:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Observe que ao iniciar o navegador desta forma, você deve manualmente configurar o navegador para usar o servidor Selenium como proxy. Normalmente, isso apenas significa abrir as preferências do navegador e especificar \u0026ldquo;localhost: 4444\u0026rdquo; como um proxy HTTP, mas as instruções para isso podem diferir radicalmente de navegador para navegador. Consulte a documentação do seu navegador para obter detalhes.\nEsteja ciente de que os navegadores Mozilla podem variar em como eles iniciam e param. Pode ser necessário definir a variável de ambiente MOZ_NO_REMOTE para fazer com que os navegadores Mozilla se comportem de maneira mais previsível. Os usuários Unix devem evitar iniciar o navegador usando um script de shell; geralmente é melhor usar o executável binário (por exemplo, firefox-bin) diretamente.\nResolução de problemas comuns Ao começar a usar o Selenium RC, há alguns problemas potenciais que são comumente encontrados. Nós os apresentamos junto com suas soluções aqui.\nIncapaz de conectar ao servidor Quando seu programa de teste não pode se conectar ao servidor Selenium, o Selenium lança uma exceção em seu programa de teste. Ele deve exibir esta mensagem ou outra semelhante:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) Se você vir uma mensagem como esta, certifique-se de iniciar o servidor Selenium. E se então, há um problema com a conectividade entre a biblioteca cliente Selenium e o servidor Selenium.\nAo começar com Selenium RC, a maioria das pessoas começa executando seu programa de teste (com uma biblioteca de cliente Selenium) e o servidor Selenium na mesma máquina. Para fazer isso use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; como parâmetro de conexão. Recomendamos começar dessa forma, pois reduz a influência de possíveis problemas de rede que você está começando. Supondo que seu sistema operacional tenha uma rede típica e configurações TCP/IP, você deve ter pouca dificuldade. Na verdade, muitas pessoas optam por executar os testes desta forma.\nSe, no entanto, você deseja executar o Selenium Server em uma máquina remota, a conectividade deve ser boa, supondo que você tenha uma conexão TCP/IP válida entre as duas máquinas.\nSe tiver dificuldade para se conectar, você pode usar ferramentas de rede comuns como ping, telnet, ifconfig (Unix) / ipconfig (Windows), etc para garantir que você tenha uma conexão de rede. Se não estiver familiarizado com eles, o administrador do sistema pode ajudá-lo.\nIncapaz de carregar o navegador Ok, não é uma mensagem de erro amigável, desculpe, mas se o servidor Selenium não pode carregar o navegador você provavelmente verá este erro.\n(500) Internal Server Error Isso pode ser causado por\n O Firefox (anterior ao Selenium 1.0) não pode iniciar porque o navegador já está aberto e você o fez não especificar um perfil separado. Consulte a seção sobre perfis do Firefox em Opções do servidor. O modo de execução que você está usando não corresponde a nenhum navegador em sua máquina. Verifique os parâmetros que você passou para o Selenium quando seu programa abre o navegador. Você especificou o caminho para o navegador explicitamente (usando \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; - veja acima), mas o caminho é incorreto. Verifique se o caminho está correto. Verifique também o grupo de usuários para ter certeza de que há nenhum problema conhecido com seu navegador e os parâmetros \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;.  Selenium não consegue achar a aplicação testada Se o seu programa de teste iniciar o navegador com sucesso, mas o navegador não exibir o site que você está testando, a causa mais provável é que o seu programa de teste não está usando a URL correta.\nIsso pode acontecer facilmente. Quando você usa Selenium-IDE para exportar seu script, ela insere uma URL fictícia. Você deve alterar manualmente a URL para a correta para que seu aplicativo seja testado.\nO Firefox recusou o desligamento ao preparar um perfil Isso ocorre com mais frequência quando você executa o programa de teste Selenium RC no Firefox, mas você já tem uma sessão do navegador Firefox em execução e não especificou um perfil separado quando você iniciou o servidor Selenium. O erro do programa de teste tem a seguinte aparência:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Esta é a mensagem de erro completa do servidor:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock Para resolver isso, consulte a seção Especificando um perfil separado do Firefox\nProblemas de versionamento Certifique-se de que sua versão do Selenium é compatível com a versão do seu navegador. Por exemplo, Selenium RC 0.92 não suporta Firefox 3. Às vezes você pode ter sorte (eu tive). Mas não se esqueça de verificar quais versões do navegador são compatíveis com a versão do Selenium que você está usando. Quando em dúvida, use a versão mais recente do Selenium com a versão mais usada do seu navegador.\nMensagem de erro: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; ao inicializar o servidor Este erro diz que você não está usando uma versão correta do Java. O Selenium Server requer Java 1.5 ou superior.\nPara verificar novamente sua versão java, execute na linha de comando:\njava -version Você deve ver uma mensagem mostrando a versão do Java.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) Se você vir um número de versão inferior, pode ser necessário atualizar o JRE, ou você pode simplesmente precisar adicioná-lo à sua variável de ambiente PATH.\nErro 404 ao executar o comando getNewBrowserSession Se você receber um erro 404 ao tentar abrir uma página em \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, então deve ser porque o servidor Selenium não foi configurado corretamente como proxy. O diretório \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; não existe no google.com; só parece existir quando o proxy é configurado corretamente. A configuração do proxy depende muito de como o navegador é lançado com firefox, iexplore, opera ou custom.\n  iexplore: se o navegador for iniciado usando *iexplore, você pode estar tendo um problema com as configurações de proxy do Internet Explorer. O servidor Selenium tenta definir as configurações globais de proxy no painel de controle Opções da Internet. Você deve se certificar de que elas estão corretamente configuradas quando o servidor Selenium inicia o navegador. Tente olhar para seu painel de controle Opções da Internet. Clique na guia \u0026ldquo;Conexões\u0026rdquo; e clique em \u0026ldquo;Configurações da LAN\u0026rdquo;.\n Se você precisar usar um proxy para acessar o aplicativo que deseja testar, você precisará iniciar o Selenium Server com \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; veja Configuração de Proxy para mais detalhes. Você também pode tentar configurar seu proxy manualmente e, em seguida, iniciar o navegador com *custom ou com o iniciador de navegador *iehta.    custom: ao usar *custom, você deve configurar o proxy corretamente (manualmente), caso contrário, você obterá um erro 404. Verifique novamente se você configurou seu proxy corretamente. Verificar se você configurou o proxy corretamente é configurar intencionalmente o navegador de forma incorreta. Tente configurar o navegador para usar o nome de host do servidor proxy errado ou a porta errada. Se você tinha configurado com sucesso as configurações de proxy do navegador incorretamente, então o navegador não conseguirá se conectar à Internet, o que é uma maneira de certificar-se de que está ajustando as configurações relevantes.\n  Para outros navegadores (*firefox, *opera), codificamos automaticamente o proxy para você e, portanto, não há problemas conhecidos com essa funcionalidade. Se você estiver encontrando erros 404 e tiver seguido este guia do usuário cuidadosamente publique seus resultados no grupo de usuários para obter ajuda da comunidade de usuários.\n  Erro de permissão negada O motivo mais comum para esse erro é que sua sessão está tentando violar a política de mesma origem cruzando os limites do domínio (por exemplo, acessa uma página de http://domínio1 e, em seguida, acessa uma página de http://domínio2) ou troca de protocolos (passando de http://domainX para https://domainX).\nEste erro também pode ocorrer quando o JavaScript tenta encontrar objetos de IU que ainda não estão disponíveis (antes que a página seja completamente carregada), ou não estão mais disponíveis (após a página começar a ser descarregada). Isso é mais comumente encontrado com páginas AJAX que estão trabalhando com seções de uma página ou subframes que carregam e / ou recarregam independentemente da página maior.\nEste erro pode ser intermitente. Muitas vezes é impossível reproduzir o problema com um depurador porque o problema decorre de condições de corrida que não são reproduzíveis quando a sobrecarga do depurador é adicionada ao sistema. As questões de permissão são abordadas com alguns detalhes no tutorial. Leia a seção sobre a Política da Mesma Origem, Injeção de Proxy com cuidado.\nGerenciando janelas pop-up do navegador Existem vários tipos de \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; que você pode obter durante um teste Selenium. Você pode não conseguir fechar esses pop-ups executando comandos do Selenium se eles são iniciados pelo navegador e não pela aplicação testada. Você pode precisar saber como gerenciá-los. Cada tipo de pop-up precisa ser tratado de maneira diferente.\n  Diálogos de autenticação básica de HTTP: esses diálogos solicitam um nome de usuário / senha para fazer o login no site. Para fazer login em um site que requer autenticação básica HTTP, use um nome de usuário e senha no URL, como descrito em RFC 1738, assim: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  Avisos de certificado SSL: Selenium RC tenta automaticamente falsificar certificados SSL quando está habilitado como proxy; veja mais sobre isso na seção HTTPS. Se o seu navegador estiver configurado corretamente, você nunca deve ver avisos de certificado SSL, mas pode ser necessário configurar seu navegador para confiar em nossa perigosa CA SSL \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo;. Novamente, consulte a seção HTTPS para saber como fazer isso.\n  caixas de diálogo de alerta / confirmação / prompt de JavaScript modais: Selenium tenta ocultar essas caixas de diálogo de você (substituindo window.alert, window.confirm e window.prompt) para que não parem a execução da sua página. Se você está vendo um pop-up de alerta, provavelmente é porque ele disparou durante o processo de carregamento da página, o que geralmente é muito cedo para protegermos a página. Selenese contém comandos para afirmar ou verificar pop-ups de alerta e confirmação. Veja as seções sobre estes tópicos no Capítulo 4.\n  No Linux, por que minha sessão do navegador Firefox não está fechando? No Unix / Linux, você deve invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; diretamente, então certifique-se de que este executável está no path. Se estiver executando o Firefox por meio de um script de shell, quando chegar a hora de encerrar o navegador, o Selenium RC irá encerrar o script de shell, deixando o navegador em execução. Você pode especificar o caminho para o firefox-bin diretamente, assim:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome não funciona com perfil personalizado Verifique a pasta de perfil do Firefox -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref (\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comente esta linha assim: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); \u0026quot; e tente novamente.\nPosso carregar um pop-up personalizado enquanto a página pai está carregando (ou seja, antes que a função javascript window.onload() da página principal seja executada)? Não. O Selenium depende de interceptadores para determinar os nomes das janelas à medida que são carregadas. Esses interceptores funcionam melhor na captura de novas janelas se as janelas forem carregadas DEPOIS a função onload(). O Selenium pode não reconhecer as janelas carregadas antes da função onload.\nFirefox no Linux No Unix / Linux, versões do Selenium anteriores a 1.0 precisavam invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; diretamente, então, se você estiver usando uma versão anterior, certifique-se de que o real executável está no caminho.\nNa maioria das distribuições Linux, o verdadeiro firefox-bin está localizado em:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Onde x.x.x é o número da versão que você possui atualmente. Então, para adicionar esse caminho no path do usuário. você terá que adicionar o seguinte ao seu arquivo .bashrc:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; Se necessário, você pode especificar o caminho para o firefox-bin diretamente em seu teste, assim:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE e atributos de estilo Se você estiver executando seus testes no Internet Explorer e não conseguir localizar elementos usando seu atributo style. Por exemplo:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] Isso funcionaria perfeitamente no Firefox, Opera ou Safari, mas não com o IE. O IE interpreta as chaves em @style como maiúsculas. Então, mesmo que o o código-fonte está em letras minúsculas, você deve usar:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] Isso é um problema se o seu teste se destina a funcionar em vários navegadores, mas você pode facilmente codificar seu teste para detectar a situação e tentar o localizador alternativo que só funciona no IE.\nErro encontrado - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; no delsigamento do navegador *googlechrome Para evitar esse erro, você deve iniciar o navegador com uma opção que desativa as verificações da política de mesma origem:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Erro encontrado no IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; Para evitar esse erro, você deve configurar o navegador: desative o bloqueador de pop-ups e desmarque a opção \u0026lsquo;Ativar modo protegido\u0026rsquo; em Ferramentas \u0026raquo; Opções \u0026raquo; Segurança.\n  O proxy é uma terceira pessoa no meio que passa a bola entre as duas partes. Ele atua como um \u0026ldquo;servidor da web\u0026rdquo; que entrega a aplicação ao navegador. Ser um proxy dá ao Selenium Server a capacidade de \u0026ldquo;mentir\u0026rdquo; sobre a URL real da aplicação. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n O navegador é iniciado com um perfil de configuração que definiu localhost:4444 como o proxy HTTP, é por isso que qualquer solicitação HTTP que o navegador fizer passará pelo servidor Selenium e a resposta passará por ele e não pelo servidor real. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/","title":"Tour rápido","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium não é só uma ferramenta ou API, mas sim uma composição de várias ferramentas.\nWebDriver Se você está começando com automação de testes de um site de desktop ou site para celular, então vai usar as APIs WebDriver. O WebDriver usa APIs de automação de navegador disponibilizadas por fornecedores de navegador para o controlar e executar testes. É como se um usuário real o estivesse operando. Como o WebDriver não exige que sua API seja compilada com o código do aplicativo, não é intrusivo. Portanto, você está testando o mesmo aplicativo que você envia aos ambientes de produção.\nIDE IDE (Ambiente de Desenvolvimento Integrado, em português) é a ferramenta que você usa para desenvolver seus casos de teste Selenium. É uma extensão para Chrome e Firefox fácil de usar e geralmente é a maneira mais eficiente de desenvolver casos de teste. Ela registra as ações dos usuários no navegador para você, usando comandos Selenium existentes, com parâmetros definidos pelo contexto daquele elemento. Isso não é apenas uma economia de tempo, mas também uma maneira excelente de aprender a sintaxe de script do Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid permite que você execute casos de teste em diferentes máquinas em diferentes plataformas. O controle para acionar os casos de teste está na extremidade local, e quando os casos de teste são acionados, eles são automaticamente executados pela extremidade remota.\nApós o desenvolvimento dos testes WebDriver, você pode enfrentar a necessidade de executar seus testes em vários navegadores e combinações de sistemas operacionais. É aqui que o Grid entra em cena.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Cliente do WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Para executar um cliente WebDriver remoto, primeiro precisamos nos conectar ao RemoteWebDriver. Fazemos isso apontando a URL para o endereço do servidor que está executando nossos testes. Para personalizar nossa configuração, definimos os recursos desejados. Abaixo está um exemplo de como instanciar um objeto WebDriver remoto apontando para nosso servidor remoto da web, www.example.com, executando nossos testes no Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Para personalizar ainda mais nossa configuração de teste, podemos adicionar outros recursos desejados.\nOpções do browser Por exemplo, suponha que você queira executar o Chrome no Windows XP, usando o Chrome versão 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detector de arquivo local O Detector de Arquivo Local permite a transferência de arquivos da máquina do cliente para o servidor remoto. Por exemplo, se um teste precisa carregar um arquivo para um aplicativo da web, um WebDriver remoto pode transferir automaticamente o arquivo da máquina local para o servidor web remoto durante o tempo de execução. Isso permite que o arquivo seja carregado da máquina remota executando o teste. Não é habilitado por padrão e pode ser habilitado em da seguinte forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Assim que o código acima for definido, você pode fazer upload de um arquivo em seu teste da seguinte maneira:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando a sua","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para usar Selenium Grid, você precisa manter sua própria infraestrutura para os nós. Como isso pode ser um esforço pesado e intenso, muitas organizações usam provedores IaaS como Amazon EC2 e Google Compute para fornecer essa infraestrutura.\nOutras opções incluem o uso de provedores como Sauce Labs ou Testing Bot que fornecem uma Selenium Grid como um serviço na nuvem. Certamente também é possível executar nós em seu próprio hardware. Este capítulo entrará em detalhes sobre a opção de executar sua própria Grid, completo com sua própria infraestrutura de nós.\nInício Este exemplo mostrará como iniciar o Selenium 2 Grid Hub, e registrar um nó WebDriver e um nó legado Selenium 1 RC. Também mostraremos como chamar a Grid a partir do Java. O hub e os nós são mostrados aqui em execução na mesma máquina, mas é claro que você pode copiar o selenium-server-standalone para várias máquinas.\nO pacote selenium-server-standalone inclui o hub, WebDriver e RC legado necessários para executar o Grid, ant não é mais necessário. Você pode baixar o selenium-server-standalone.jar de https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nPasso 1: Inicialize o Hub O Hub é o ponto central que receberá solicitações de teste e os distribuirá para os nós certos. A distribuição é feita com base em recursos, significando que um teste que requer um conjunto de recursos só será distribuído para nós que oferecem esse conjunto ou subconjunto de recursos.\nPorque os recursos desejados de um teste são apenas o que o nome indica, desired, o hub não pode garantir que localizará um nó corresponder totalmente ao conjunto de recursos desejados solicitados.\nAbra um prompt de comando e navegue até o diretório onde você copiou o arquivo selenium-server-standalone.jar. Você inicia o hub passando a sinalização -role hub para o servidor autônomo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPara alterar a porta padrão, você pode adicionar a flag opcional -port com um número inteiro representando a porta a ser ouvida quando você executa o comando. Além disso, todas as outras opções que você vê no arquivo de configuração JSON (veja abaixo) são possíveis flags de linha de comando.\nVocê certamente pode sobreviver apenas com o comando simples mostrado acima, mas se você precisar de uma configuração mais avançada, você também pode especificar um arquivo de configuração de formato JSON, por conveniência, para configurar o hub ao iniciá-lo. Você pode fazer assim:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Abaixo você verá um exemplo de um arquivo hubConfig.json. Entraremos em mais detalhes sobre como fornecer arquivos de configuração de nó no Passo 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Pasos 2: Inicialize os Nós Independentemente de você querer executar uma Grid com a nova funcionalidade WebDriver, ou uma Grid com funcionalidade Selenium 1 RC, ou os dois ao mesmo tempo, você usa o mesmo arquivo selenium-server-standalone.jar para iniciar os nós:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Se uma porta não for especificada por meio do sinalizador -port, uma porta livre será escolhida. Você pode executar vários nós em uma máquina mas se você fizer isso, você precisa estar ciente dos recursos de memória de seus sistemas e problemas com capturas de tela se seus testes as fizerem.\nConfiguração de um nó com opções Como mencionado, para compatibilidade com versões anteriores as funções “wd” e “rc” ainda são um subconjunto válido da função “node”. Mas essas funções limitam os tipos de conexões remotas para sua API correspondente, enquanto “node” permite conexões remotas RC e WebDriver.\nAo passar propriedades JVM (usando o sinalizador -D antes do argumento -jar) na linha de comando também, estas serão coletadas e propagadas para os nós:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguração de um nó com JSON Você também pode iniciar nós da Grid que estão configurados com um arquivo de configuração JSON\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json E aqui está um exemplo do arquivo nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Uma observação sobre a flag -host\nPara hub e nó, se a flag -host não for especificada, 0.0.0.0 será usado por padrão. Isso se ligará a todos as interfaces IPv4 públicas (sem loopback) da máquina. Se você tem uma configuração especial de rede ou qualquer componente que crie interfaces de rede extras, é aconselhável definir a flag -host com um valor que permite o hub / nó acessível a partir de uma máquina diferente.\nEspecificando a porta A porta TCP / IP padrão usada pelo hub é 4444. Se você precisar alterar a porta use as configurações mencionadas acima.\nSolução de problemas Usando um arquivo de log Para solução de problemas avançada, você pode especificar um arquivo de log para registrar mensagens do sistema. Inicie o hub ou nó Selenium Grid com o argumento -log. Por favor, veja o exemplo abaixo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use o seu editor de texto favorito para abrir o arquivo de log (log.txt no exemplo acima) para encontrar registros de \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; se você tiver problemas.\nUsando o argumento -debug Você também pode usar o argumento -debug para imprimir logs de depuração no console. Inicie o Selenium Grid Hub ou Node com o argumento -debug. Por favor, veja o exemplo abaixo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Aviso A Selenium Grid deve ser protegida do acesso externo usando permissões de firewall.\nA falha em proteger sua rede pode resultar em um ou mais dos seguintes eventos:\n Você fornece acesso aberto à sua infraestrutura de rede Você permite que terceiros acessem aplicativos e arquivos internos da web Você permite que terceiros executem binários personalizados  Veja esta postagem do blog em Detectify, que dá uma boa visão geral de como uma rede exposta publicamente pode ser mal utilizada: Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta.\nDocker Selenium Docker fornece uma maneira conveniente de provisionar e escalar a infraestrutura da Selenium Grid em uma unidade conhecida como contêiner. Os contêineres são unidades padronizadas de software que contêm tudo o que é necessário para executar o aplicativo desejado, incluindo todas as dependências, de forma confiável e repetível em máquinas diferentes.\nO projeto Selenium mantém um conjunto de imagens Docker que você pode baixar e executar para colocar uma Grid em funcionamento rapidamente. Os nós estão disponíveis para Firefox e Chrome. Detalhes completos de como provisionar uma grade podem ser encontrados no repositório Docker Selenium.\nPré-requisitos O único requisito para executar um Grid é ter o Docker instalado e funcionando. [Instale o Docker] (// www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop).\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando a sua","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diferentes modos de configuração de Grid no Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Modo Standalone: O novo Selenium Server Jar contém tudo que você precisa para executar uma Grid. É também o modo mais fácil de ligar uma Selenium Grid. Por padrão, o servidor estará escutando em http://localhost:4444, e essa é a URL para a qual você deve apontar seus testes RemoteWebDriver. O servidor detectará os drivers disponíveis que podem ser usados no PATH do sistema\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar standalone Modo Hub e Nó: Inicialize o Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar hub Registre o Nó: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar node --detect-drivers true Faça a busca na Selenium Grid: No Selenium 4, também adicionamos GraphQL, uma nova maneira de consultar os dados necessários facilmente e obter exatamente a mesma coisa.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nModo Distribuído:   Passo 1: Em primeiro lugar, inicie o Event Bus, ele serve como um caminho de comunicação para outros componentes da rede nas etapas subsequentes.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar event-bus   Passo 2: Inicie o mapa da sessão, que é responsável por mapear os IDs da sessão para o nó em que a sessão está sendo executada:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar sessions   Passo 3: Inicie o novo enfileirador de sessão, ele adiciona a nova solicitação de sessão a uma fila local. O distribuidor atende o pedido da fila.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar sessionqueue   Passo 4: Inicie o Distribuidor. Todos os Nós são anexados como parte do processo do Distribuidor. É responsável por atribuir um nó, quando um pedido de criação de sessão é invocado.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Passo 5: A próxima etapa é iniciar o Roteador, um endereço que você exporia à web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finalmente, adicione um Nó\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar node --detect-drivers true   Inicie a Standalone Grid via imagens Docker Você pode simplesmente iniciar um Nó com o seguinte comando:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; Você pode iniciar o servidor Selenium e delegá-lo ao docker para a criação de novas instâncias:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Aviso A Selenium Grid deve ser protegida do acesso externo usando permissões de firewall.\nA falha em proteger sua rede pode resultar em um ou mais dos seguintes eventos:\n Você fornece acesso aberto à sua infraestrutura de rede Você permite que terceiros acessem aplicativos e arquivos internos da web Você permite que terceiros executem binários personalizados  Veja esta postagem do blog em Detectify, que dá uma boa visão geral de como uma rede exposta publicamente pode ser mal utilizada: Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Convenções tipográficas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalização de títulos Deve-se evitar a capitalização do título, como Um Título Muito Estiloso, e em vez disso, use Um título muito estiloso. Letras maiúsculas gratuitas, ou caixa do título, muitas vezes mostram um mal-entendido - ou um desprezo por - convenções ortográficas. Preferimos o que é conhecido como sentence case, com uma única inicial maiúscula para iniciar cabeçalhos.\nComprimento da linha Ao editar o código fonte da documentação, que é escrito em HTML puro, limite o comprimento das linhas a cerca de 72 caracteres.\nAlguns de nós dão um passo adiante e usam o que é chamado de linefeeds semânticos, que é uma técnica pela qual as linhas de origem HTML, que não são lidos pelo público, são divididas em \u0026ldquo;intervalos naturais\u0026rdquo; na prosa. Em outras palavras, as frases são divididas em quebras naturais entre as orações. Em vez de se preocupar com as linhas de cada parágrafo de modo que todos terminem perto da margem direita, os feeds de linha podem ser adicionados em qualquer lugar que existe uma ruptura entre as ideias.\nIsso pode tornar as diffs muito fáceis de ler ao colaborar por meio do git, mas não é algo que obrigamos os colaboradores a usar.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Downloads de arquivo","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Embora seja possível iniciar um download clicando em um link com um navegador sob o controle do Selenium, a API não expõe o progresso do download, tornando-o menos do que ideal para testar arquivos baixados. Isso ocorre porque o download de arquivos não é considerado um aspecto importante de emular a interação do usuário com a plataforma da web. Em vez disso, encontre o link usando Selenium (e todos os cookies necessários) e passe este cookie para uma biblioteca de solicitação HTTP como libcurl.\nO driver HtmlUnit pode baixar anexos acessando-os como fluxos de entrada, implementando o AttachmentHandler. O AttachmentHandler pode ser adicionado ao WebClient HtmlUnit.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Drivers e plugins de terceiros","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium pode ser estendido com o uso de plug-ins. Aqui estão alguns plugins criados e mantidos por terceiros. Para obter mais informações sobre como para criar seu próprio plugin ou listá-lo, consulte a documentação.\nObserve que esses plug-ins não são suportados, mantidos, hospedados ou endossados pelo projeto Selenium. Além disso, esteja ciente de que os plug-ins listados abaixo não são necessariamente licenciados sob a Licença Apache v.2.0. Alguns dos plug-ins estão disponíveis em outro software de código aberto e gratuito licença; outros estão disponíveis apenas sob licença proprietária. Alguma pergunta sobre plug-ins e suas licenças de distribuição precisam ser levantadas com seus respectivo(s) desenvolvedor(es).\n   Nevgador Atual Changelog Issues     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Embutido - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Instalando binários do WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para executar seu projeto e controlar o navegador, você precisa ter binários WebDriver específicos do navegador instalados.\nBaixe o binário WebDriver suportado pelo seu navegador e coloque-o no System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/","title":"Introdução","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução Selenium é um projeto abrangente para uma gama de ferramentas e bibliotecas que permitem e suportam a automação de navegadores da web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Uma linguagem específica de domínio (DSL) é um sistema que fornece ao usuário um meio expressivo de resolver um problema. Ele permite a um usuário interagir com o sistema em seus termos - não apenas na linguagem do programador.\nSeus usuários, em geral, não se importam com a aparência do seu site. Eles não preocupam-se com a decoração, animações ou gráficos. Eles deseja usar seu sistema para empurrar seus novos funcionários através do processo com dificuldade mínima; eles querem reservar uma viagem para o Alasca; eles querem configurar e comprar unicórnios com desconto. Seu trabalho como testador deve chegar o mais perto possível de “capturar” essa mentalidade. Com isso em mente, começamos a \u0026ldquo;modelar\u0026rdquo; o aplicativo que você está trabalhando, de modo que os scripts de teste (o único proxy de pré-lançamento do usuário) “fala a linguagem” e representa o usuário.\nCom Selenium, DSL é geralmente representado por métodos, escritos para fazer a API simples e legível - eles permitem um relatório entre o desenvolvedores e as partes interessadas (usuários, proprietários de produtos, negócios especialistas em inteligência, etc.).\nBenefícios  Legível: As partes interessadas da empresa podem entendê-lo. Gravável: Fácil de escrever, evita duplicações desnecessárias. Extensível: Funcionalidade pode (razoavelmente) ser adicionada sem quebrar contratos e funcionalidades existentes. Manutenção: Deixando os detalhes de implementação fora do teste casos, você está bem isolado contra alterações no AUT *.  Java Aqui está um exemplo de um método DSL razoável em Java. Por questão de brevidade, ele assume que o objeto driver é pré-definido e está disponível para o método.\n/** * Recebe um username e password, prrenche os campos, e clica em \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return Uma instância de AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Preenche o campo password. O localizador que estamos usando é \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, e devemos  // definí-lo em algum outro lugar dentro da Classe.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Clica o botão de login, que possui o id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Cria e retorna uma nova instância de AccountPage (via o Selenium  // PageFactory embutido).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Este método abstrai completamente os conceitos de campos de entrada, botões, cliques e até páginas do seu código de teste. Usando este abordagem, tudo o que o testador precisa fazer é chamar esse método. Isto dá uma vantagem de manutenção: se os campos de login mudaram, você teria apenas que alterar esse método - não seus testes.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Agora que estamos logados, fazemos alguma outra coisa--como usamos uma DSL para suportar  // nossos testadores, é apenas escolher um dos métodos disponíveis.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Algo deveria ter sido feito!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note que ainda não nos referimos a nenhum botão ou web control nesse  // script... } Vale a pena repetir: um de seus principais objetivos deve ser escrever um API que permite que seus testes resolvam o problema em questão, e NÃO o problema da IU. A IU é uma preocupação secundária para o seu usuários - eles não se importam com a interface do usuário, eles apenas querem fazer seu trabalho feito. Seus scripts de teste devem ser lidos como uma lista de itens sujos que o usuário deseja FAZER e as coisas que deseja SABER. Os testes não devem se preocupar com COMO a interface do usuário exige que você vá sobre isso.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrando do RC para WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Como migrar para o Selenium WebDriver Uma pergunta comum ao adotar o Selenium 2 é qual é a coisa certa a fazer ao adicionar novos testes a um conjunto existente de testes? Usuários que são novos no framework podem começar usando as novas APIs WebDriver para escrever seus testes. Mas e os usuários que já possuem suítes de testes existentes? Este guia é projetado para demonstrar como migrar seus testes existentes para as novas APIs, permitindo que todos os novos testes sejam escritos usando os novos recursos oferecidos pelo WebDriver.\nO método apresentado aqui descreve uma migração gradativa para as APIs WebDriver sem precisar refazer tudo em um push massivo. Isso significa que você pode permitir mais tempo para migrar seus testes existentes, que pode tornar mais fácil para você decidir onde investir seu esforço.\nEste guia foi escrito em Java, porque tem o melhor suporte para fazer a migração. À medida que fornecemos ferramentas melhores para outras linguagens, este guia deve ser expandido para incluir essas linguagens.\nPorque migrar para o WebDriver Mover um conjunto de testes de uma API para outra requer uma enorme quantidade de esforço. Por que você e sua equipe considerariam fazer essa mudança? Aqui estão alguns motivos pelos quais você deve considerar a migração de seus testes Selenium para usar o WebDriver.\n API menor e compacta. A API do WebDriver é mais orientada a objetos do que o Selenium RC API original. Isso pode facilitar o trabalho. Melhor emulação das interações do usuário. Sempre que possível, o WebDriver faz uso de eventos nativos para interagir com uma página da web. Imita melhor a maneira como seus usuários trabalham com seu site e aplicativos. Além do que, o WebDriver oferece APIs de interações de usuário avançadas que permitem que você modele interações complexas com seu site. Suporte de fornecedores de navegadores. Opera, Mozilla e Google são todos participantes ativos do desenvolvimento do WebDriver, e cada um tem engenheiros trabalhando para melhorar a estrutura. Frequentemente, isso significa que o suporte para WebDriver está embutido no próprio navegador: seus testes são executados tão rápidos e estáveis quanto possível.  Antes de começar A fim de tornar o processo de migração o mais indolor possível, certifique-se de que todos os seus testes sejam executados corretamente com a versão mais recente do Selenium. Isso pode parecer óbvio, mas é melhor que seja dito!\nComeçando A primeira etapa ao iniciar a migração é mudar a forma como você obtém sua instância Selenium. Ao usar Selenium RC, isso é feito assim:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Isso deve ser substituído assim:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Próximos passos Depois que seus testes forem executados sem erros, a próxima etapa é migrar o código de teste real para usar as APIs WebDriver. Dependendo de quão bem você abstrair o seu código, pode ser um processo curto ou longo. Em ambos os casos, a abordagem é a mesma e pode ser resumida simplesmente: modifique o código para usar a nova API quando for editá-lo.\nSe você precisar extrair a implementação WebDriver subjacente da instância Selenium, você pode simplesmente fazer um cast para WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Isso permite que você continue passando a instância Selenium como normal, mas desembrulhar a instância do WebDriver conforme necessário.\nEm algum ponto, sua base de código usará principalmente as APIs mais recentes. Neste ponto, você pode inverter o relacionamento, usando WebDriver em tudo e instanciar uma instância do Selenium sob demanda:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problemas comuns Felizmente, você não é a primeira pessoa a passar por essa migração, então, aqui estão alguns problemas comuns que outras pessoas viram e como resolvê-los.\nClicar e digitar são mais completos Um padrão comum em um teste de Selenium RC é ver algo como:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Isso se baseia no fato de que o \u0026ldquo;tipo\u0026rdquo; simplesmente substitui o conteúdo do elemento identificado sem também disparar todos os eventos que normalmente seriam disparados se um usuário interagir com a página. As invocações diretas finais de \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; faz com que os manipuladores JS sejam acionados conforme o esperado.\nAo usar o WebDriverBackedSelenium, o resultado do preenchimento do campo do formulário seria \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: não o que você esperaria! O motivo disso é que o WebDriver emula com mais precisão o comportamento do usuário, e assim terá disparado eventos o tempo todo.\nEsse mesmo fato às vezes pode fazer com que o carregamento da página seja disparado antes do que aconteceria em um teste de Selenium 1. Você pode dizer que isso aconteceu se uma \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; é lançada pelo WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad retorna muito cedo Descobrir quando o carregamento de uma página está completo é uma tarefa complicada. Queremos dizer \u0026ldquo;quando o evento de carregamento dispara\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;quando todas as solicitações AJAX são concluídas\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;quando não há tráfego de rede \u0026ldquo;,\u0026rdquo; quando document.readyState mudou\u0026rdquo; ou outra coisa completamente diferente?\nWebDriver tenta simular o comportamento original do Selenium, mas isso não sempre funciona perfeitamente por vários motivos. O motivo mais comum é que é difícil dizer a diferença entre um carregamento de página que ainda não começou e um carregamento da página concluído entre as chamadas de método. Isso às vezes significa que o controle é devolvido ao seu teste antes que a página termine (ou mesmo comece!) o carregamento.\nA solução para isso é esperar por algo específico. Normalmente, isso pode ser o elemento com o qual deseja interagir a seguir, ou para alguma variável Javascript a ser definida com um valor específico. Um exemplo seria:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Onde \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; é implementado como:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Isso pode parecer complexo, mas é quase todo um código padrão. O único interessante é que a \u0026ldquo;condição esperada\u0026rdquo; será avaliada repetidamente até que o método \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; retorne algo que não seja \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nem Boolean.FALSE.\nClaro, adicionar todas essas chamadas de \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; pode confundir seu código. E se esse é o caso, e suas necessidades são simples, considere usar as esperas implícitas:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Ao fazer isso, toda vez que um elemento é localizado, se o elemento não estiver presente, o local é tentado novamente até que esteja presente ou até 30 segundos passados.\nEncontrar por seletores XPath ou CSS nem sempre funciona, mas funciona no Selenium 1 No Selenium 1, era comum para o xpath usar uma biblioteca agrupada em vez de os recursos do próprio navegador. WebDriver sempre usará os métodos nativos do navegador, a menos que não haja alternativa. Isso significa que expressões xpath complexas podem falhar em alguns navegadores.\nOs seletores CSS no Selenium 1 foram implementados usando a biblioteca Sizzle. Esta biblioteca implementa um superconjunto da CSS Selector Spec, e nem sempre é claro onde você cruzou a linha. Se você estiver usando o WebDriverBackedSelenium e usar um Localizador Sizzle em vez de um Seletor CSS para encontrar elementos, um aviso ser registrado no console. Vale a pena procurar por eles, particularmente se os testes estão falhando por não ser capaz de encontrar os elementos.\nNão há nenhum Browserbot O Selenium RC era baseado no Selenium Core e, portanto, quando você executava Javascript, você podia acessar bits do Selenium Core para tornar as coisas mais fáceis. Como o WebDriver não é baseado no Selenium Core, isso não é mais possível. Como você pode saber se está usando Selenium Core? Simples! Basta olhar para ver se o seu \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; ou chamadas semelhantes usam \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; no Javascript avaliado.\nVocê pode estar usando o browserbot para obter um identificador para a janela atual ou documento do teste. Felizmente, o WebDriver sempre avalia JS no contexto da janela atual, então você pode usar \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; diretamente.\nComo alternativa, você pode usar o browserbot para localizar elementos. No WebDriver, o idioma para fazer isso é primeiro localizar o elemento, e então passe isso como um argumento para o Javascript. Portanto:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); se torna:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Observe como a variável \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; passada aparece como o primeiro item na array de \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; padrão do JS.\nA execução de Javascript não retorna nada O JavascriptExecutor do WebDriver envolverá todo o JS e o avaliará como uma expressão anônima. Isso significa que você precisa usar a palavra-chave \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo;:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); se torna:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observability","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese (Brazil). Do you speak Portuguese (Brazil)? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Quando usar a Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"De modo geral, há dois motivos pelos quais você pode querer usar a Grid.\n Para executar seus testes em vários navegadores, várias versões de navegador, e navegadores executados em diferentes sistemas operacionais. Para reduzir o tempo que leva para o conjunto de testes concluir uma aprovação no teste.  A Grid é usada para acelerar a execução dos testes usando várias máquinas para executar testes em paralelo. Por exemplo, se você tiver um conjunto de 100 testes, mas você configurou o Grid para suportar 4 máquinas diferentes (VMs ou máquinas físicas separadas) para executar esses testes, seu conjunto de testes será concluído em (aproximadamente) um quarto do tempo, do que se você executasse seus testes sequencialmente em uma única máquina. Para grandes conjuntos de testes e conjuntos de testes de longa duração, como aqueles que realizam grandes quantidades de validação de dados, isso pode ser um economizador de tempo significativo. Alguns conjuntos de testes podem levar horas para serem executados. Outro motivo para impulsionar o tempo gasto na execução do pacote é para encurtar o tempo de resposta para os resultados do teste após o código de check-in dos desenvolvedores para o AUT. Cada vez mais equipes de software praticando o desenvolvimento de software Agile desejam testar o feedback tão imediatamente quanto possível, em oposição a esperar durante a noite para uma aprovação no teste durante a noite.\nA Grid também é usada para suportar testes em execução em vários ambientes de runtime, especificamente, em diferentes navegadores ao mesmo tempo. Por exemplo, uma ‘Grid’ de máquinas virtuais pode ser configurada com cada uma suportando um navegador diferente que o aplicativo a ser testado deve suportar. Então, máquina 1 tem Internet Explorer 8, máquina 2, Internet Explorer 9, máquina 3, o mais recente Chrome e máquina 4 com o Firefox mais recente. Quando o conjunto de testes é executado, o Selenium Grid recebe cada combinação de navegador de teste e atribui cada teste a um navegador necessário.\nAlém disso, pode-se ter uma Grid do mesmo navegador, tipo e versão. Por exemplo, pode-se ter uma Grid de 4 máquinas, cada uma executando 3 instâncias de Firefox 70, permitindo um ‘server-farm’ (em certo sentido) de Firefox. Quando o pacote é executado, cada teste é passado para o Grid que atribui o teste à próxima instância disponível do Firefox. Desta maneira um obtém aprovação em que, concebivelmente, 12 testes estão sendo executados ao mesmo tempo em paralelo, reduzindo significativamente o tempo necessário para concluir os testes.\nA Grid é muito flexível. Esses dois exemplos podem ser combinados para permitir várias instâncias de cada tipo e versão de navegador. Uma configuração como essa forneceria execução paralela para conclusão rápida de testes e suporte para vários tipos e versões de navegador simultaneamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Recursos específicos do Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definindo recursos usando FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions é a nova forma de definir recursos para o Navegador Firefox e geralmente deve ser usado em detrimento de DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Definindo um perfil personalizado É possível criar um perfil personalizado para o Firefox, conforme demonstrado abaixo.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Em alguns ambientes, o Internet Explorer pode expirar ao abrir a Caixa de Diálogo de upload de arquivo. O IEDriver tem um tempo limite padrão de 1000 ms, mas você pode aumentar o tempo limite usando o recurso fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Quando definido como true, este recurso limpa o Cache, Histórico do navegador e cookies para todas as instâncias em execução do InternetExplorer, incluindo aquelas iniciadas manualmente ou pelo driver. Por padrão, é definido como false.\nUsar este recurso causará queda de desempenho quando iniciar o navegador, pois o driver irá esperar até que o cache seja limpo antes de iniciar o navegador IE.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting O driver do InternetExplorer espera que o nível de zoom do navegador seja de 100%, caso contrário, o driver lançará uma exceção. Este comportamento padrão pode ser desativado definindo ignoreZoomSetting como true.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Se deve ignorar a verificação do Modo protegido durante o lançamento uma nova sessão do IE.\nSe não for definido e as configurações do Modo protegido não forem iguais para todas as zonas, uma exceção será lançada pelo driver.\nSe a capacidade for definida como true, os testes podem tornar-se instáveis, não responderem ou os navegadores podem travar. No entanto, esta ainda é de longe a segunda melhor escolha, e a primeira escolha sempre deve ser definir as configurações do Modo protegido de cada zona manualmente. Se um usuário estiver usando esta propriedade, apenas um \u0026ldquo;melhor esforço\u0026rdquo; no suporte será dado.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent Quando definido como true, esse recurso suprime a saída de diagnóstico do IEDriverServer.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Por favor inclua um PR para adicionar uma amostra de código   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Opções de linha de comando do IE O Internet Explorer inclui várias opções de linha de comando que permitem solucionar problemas e configurar o navegador.\nOs seguintes pontos descrevem algumas opções de linha de comando com suporte\n  -private: Usado para iniciar o IE no modo de navegação privada. Isso funciona para o IE 8 e versões posteriores.\n  -k: Inicia o Internet Explorer no modo quiosque. O navegador é aberto em uma janela maximizada que não exibe a barra de endereço, os botões de navegação ou a barra de status.\n  -extoff: Inicia o IE no modo sem add-on. Esta opção é usada especificamente para solucionar problemas com complementos do navegador. Funciona no IE 7 e versões posteriores.\n  Nota: forceCreateProcessApi deve ser habilitado para que os argumentos da linha de comando funcionem.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navegar para URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Força a inicialização do Internet Explorer usando a API CreateProcess. O valor padrão é falso.\nPara IE 8 e superior, esta opção requer que o valor de registro \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; seja definido como 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navegar para Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Requerimentos do driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por meio do WebDriver, o Selenium oferece suporte a todos os principais navegadores do mercado como Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera e Safari. Sempre que possível, o WebDriver dirige o navegador usando o suporte integrado do navegador para automação, embora nem todos os navegadores tenham suporte oficial para controle remoto.\nO objetivo do WebDriver é emular a interação de um usuário real com o navegador o mais próximo possível. Isso é possível em vários níveis em diferentes navegadores. Para obter mais detalhes sobre as diferentes idiossincrasias do driver, consulte Idiossincrasias do driver.\nMesmo que todos os drivers compartilhem uma única interface voltada para o usuário para controlar o navegador, eles têm maneiras ligeiramente diferentes de configurar sessões do navegador. Uma vez que muitas das implementações de driver são fornecidas por terceiros, elas não estão incluídas na distribuição padrão do Selenium.\nInstanciação do driver, gerenciamento de perfil e várias configurações específicas do navegador são exemplos de parâmetros que têm requisitos diferentes dependendo do navegador. Esta seção explica os requisitos básicos para começar com os diferentes navegadores.\nAdicionando executáveis ao seu path A maioria dos drivers requerem um executável extra para o Selenium se comunicar com o navegador. Você pode especificar manualmente onde o executável reside antes de iniciar o WebDriver, mas isso pode tornar seus testes menos portáveis já que os executáveis precisarão estar no mesmo lugar em todas as máquinas, ou inclua o executável em seu repositório de código de teste.\nAo adicionar uma pasta contendo os binários do WebDriver aos do seu path, o Selenium será capaz de localizar os binários adicionais sem exigir seu código de teste para localizar exatamente o driver.\n Crie um diretório para colocar os executáveis, como C:\\WebDriver\\bin ou /opt/WebDriver/bin Adicione o diretório ao seu PATH:  No Windows - Abra um prompt de comando como administrador e execute o seguinte comando para adicionar permanentemente o diretório ao seu PATH para todos os usuários em sua máquina:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Usuários do Bash no macOS e Linux - Em um terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Agora você está pronto para testar suas alterações. Feche todos os prompts de comando abertos e abra um novo. Digite o nome de um dos binários na pasta que você criou na etapa anterior, por exemplo:\nchromedriver   Se o seu PATH estiver configurado corretamente, você verá alguma saída relacionada à inicialização do driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Você pode recuperar o controle do seu prompt de comando pressionando Ctrl+C\nQuick reference    Navegador OS Suportado Mantido por Download Problemas     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Problemas   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Problemas   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Problemas   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Problemas   Safari macOS El Capitan ou mais novo Apple Embutido Problemas   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Problemas    Chromium/Chrome Para conduzir o Chrome ou Chromium, você deve fazer o download do chromedriver e colocá-lo em uma pasta que está no PATH do seu sistema.\nNo Linux ou macOS, isso significa modificar a variável de ambiente PATH. Você pode ver quais diretórios, separados por dois pontos, constituem o PATH do seu sistema executando o seguinte comando:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Para incluir o chromedriver no PATH, se ainda não estiver, certifique-se de incluir o diretório pai do binário chromedriver. A linha a seguir irá definir a variável de ambiente PATH com seu conteúdo atual, mais um caminho adicional adicionado após os dois pontos:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Quando o chromedriver estiver disponível em seu PATH, você deve ser capaz de executar o executável chromedriver de qualquer diretório.\nPara instanciar uma sessão do Chrome/Chromium, você pode fazer o seguinte:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     O chromedriver é implementado como um servidor remoto WebDriver que instrui o navegador sobre o que fazer ao expor o interface de proxy de automação interna.\nFirefox Começando com Selenium 3, a Mozilla assumiu a implementação do Driver do Firefox, com geckodriver. O novo driver para Firefox é chamado geckodriver e funciona com Firefox 48 e mais recentes. Como o Firefox WebDriver está em desenvolvimento, quanto mais nova for a versão do Firefox, melhor será o suporte.\nComo geckodriver é a nova forma padrão de iniciar o Firefox, você pode instanciar o Firefox da mesma forma que o Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Se você preferir não definir a localização do geckodriver usando PATH, defina a localização do binário geckodriver programaticamente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Também é possível definir a propriedade em tempo de execução:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Atualmente é possível reverter para o driver mais antigo, mais completo do Firefox, instalando o Firefox 47.0.1 ou 45 ESR e especificando o recurso desejado de marionette como false. Versões posteriores do Firefox não são mais compatíveis.\nEdge Edge é o navegador mais recente da Microsoft, incluído no Windows 10 e Server 2016. As atualizações do Edge são agrupadas com as principais atualizações do Windows, então você precisará baixar um binário que corresponda ao número da compilação da sua compilação do Windows atualmente instalada. O site do Edge Developer contém links para todos os binários disponíveis. Bugs na implementação do EdgeDriver podem ser levantados com Microsoft. Se você gostaria de executar testes no Edge, mas não está executando o Windows 10, a Microsoft oferece VMs gratuitas para testadores no site do Edge Developer.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Se o driver Edge não estiver presente em seu PATH, você pode definir o PATH usando a seguinte linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer O Internet Explorer era o navegador padrão da Microsoft até o Windows 10, embora ainda esteja incluído no Windows 10. O driver do Internet Explorer é o único driver que o projeto Selenium visa apoiar os mesmos lançamentos que a Microsoft considera atual. Versões mais antigas podem funcionar, mas não serão suportadas.\nEmbora o projeto Selenium forneça binários tanto para 32 bits quanto para 64 bits, existem algumas limitações com o Internet Explorer 10 e 11 com o driver de 64 bits, mas usando o de 32 bits o driver continua a funcionar bem. Deve-se notar que, como as preferências do Internet Explorer são salvas na conta do usuário conectado, alguma configuração adicional é necessária.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Se o driver do Internet Explorer não estiver presente em seu PATH, você pode definir o PATH usando a seguinte linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     A Microsoft também oferece um binário WebDriver para Internet Explorer 11 no Windows 7 e 8.1. Não é atualizado desde 2014 e é baseado em uma versão preliminar da Especificação W3. Jim Evans tem um excelente artigo sobre a implementação da Microsoft.\nOpera As versões atuais do Opera são construídas com base no mecanismo Chromium, e WebDriver agora é compatível com o código fechado Driver Opera Chromium, que pode ser adicionado ao seu PATH ou como um propriedade do sistema.\nInstanciar uma sessão de driver é semelhante a Firefox e Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra e posterior:\n Execute o seguinte comando do terminal na primeira vez e digite sua senha no prompt para autorizar o WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan e Sierra:\n Ative o menu Desenvolvedor nas preferências do Safari Marque a opção Permitir automação remota com o menu Desenvolver Execute o seguinte comando do terminal na primeira vez e digite sua senha no prompt para autorizar WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Você pode então iniciar uma sessão de driver usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Aqueles que procuram automatizar o Safari no iOS devem olhar para o Projeto Appium. Enquanto o Safari era anteriormente disponível para Windows, a Apple há muito abandonou o suporte, tornando-o uma má escolha de plataforma de teste.\nNavegadores simulados HtmlUnit HtmlUnit é um \u0026ldquo;navegador sem interface gráfica para programas Java\u0026rdquo;. Ele modela documentos HTML e fornece uma API que permite invocar páginas, preencher formulários, clicar links, etc. Possui suporte a JavaScript e é capaz de trabalhar com bibliotecas AJAX, simulando Chrome, Firefox ou Internet Explorer dependendo da configuração usada. Foi movido para um novo local. A fonte é mantida em svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS é um navegador sem cabeçalho baseado em Webkit, embora seja uma versão muito mais antiga do que o usado pelo Google Chrome ou Safari. Embora historicamente seja uma popular escolha, agora seria sábio evitar o PhantomJS. O projeto está sem manutenção desde 5 de agosto de 2017, portanto, embora a web continue a mudar, o PhantomJS não será atualizado. Isso foi depois que o Google anunciou a capacidade de executar o Chrome sem cabeçalho, algo também agora oferecido pelo Firefox da Mozilla.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Sobre automação de testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primeiro, comece perguntando a si mesmo se você realmente precisa ou não de um navegador. As probabilidades são de que, em algum ponto, se você estiver trabalhando em um aplicativo da web complexo, você precisará abrir um navegador e realmente testá-lo.\nNo entanto, os testes funcionais do usuário final, como os testes Selenium, são caros para executar. Além disso, eles normalmente exigem infraestrutura substancial para ser executado de forma eficaz. É uma boa regra sempre se perguntar se o que você deseja testar pode ser feito usando abordagens de teste mais leves, como testes de unidade ou com uma abordagem de nível inferior.\nDepois de determinar que está no negócio de teste de navegador da web, e você tem seu ambiente Selenium pronto para começar a escrever testes, você geralmente executará alguma combinação de três etapas:\n Configurar os dados Executar um conjunto discreto de ações Avaliar os resultados  Você deve manter essas etapas o mais curtas possível; uma ou duas operações devem ser suficientes na maioria das vezes. A automação do navegador tem a reputação de ser \u0026ldquo;instável\u0026rdquo;, mas, na realidade, é porque os usuários freqüentemente exigem muito dele. Em capítulos posteriores, retornaremos às técnicas que você pode usar para mitigar problemas aparentemente intermitentes nos testes, em particular sobre como superar as condições de corrida entre o navegador e o WebDriver.\nMantendo seus testes curtos e usando o navegador da web apenas quando você não tiver absolutamente nenhuma alternativa, você pode ter muitos testes com instabilidade mínima.\nUma vantagem distinta dos testes do Selenium é sua capacidade inerente de testar todos os componentes do aplicativo, de back-end para front-end, da perspectiva do usuário. Em outras palavras, embora os testes funcionais possam ser caros para executar, eles também abrangem grandes partes críticas para os negócios de uma só vez.\nRequerimentos de teste Como mencionado antes, os testes do Selenium podem ser caros para serem executados. Até que ponto depende do navegador em que você está executando os testes, mas historicamente o comportamento dos navegadores tem variado tanto que muitas vezes foi uma meta declarada testar cruzado contra vários navegadores.\nSelenium permite que você execute as mesmas instruções em vários navegadores em vários sistemas operacionais, mas a enumeração de todos os navegadores possíveis, suas diferentes versões e os muitos sistemas operacionais em que são executados rapidamente se tornará uma tarefa não trivial.\nVamos começar com um exemplo Larry escreveu um site que permite aos usuários solicitarem seus unicórnios personalizados.\nO fluxo de trabalho geral (o que chamaremos de \u0026ldquo;caminho feliz\u0026rdquo;) é algo como isso:\n Criar uma conta Configurar o unicórnio Adicionar ao carrinho de compras Verificar e pagar Dar feedback sobre o unicórnio  Seria tentador escrever um grande roteiro do Selenium para realizar todas essas operações - muitos tentarão. Resista à tentação! Isso resultará em um teste que a) leva muito tempo, b) estará sujeito a alguns problemas comuns em torno de problemas de tempo de renderização de página, e c) se falhar, não lhe dará um método conciso e “superficial” para diagnosticar o que deu errado.\nA estratégia preferida para testar este cenário seria dividi-lo em uma série de testes independentes e rápidos, cada um dos quais tem uma “razão” de existir.\nVamos fingir que você deseja testar a segunda etapa: Configure o unicórnio. Ele executará as seguintes ações:\n Criar uma conta Configurar o unicórnio  Observe que estamos pulando o restante dessas etapas, vamos testar o resto do fluxo de trabalho em outros casos de teste pequenos e discretos depois de terminarmos com este.\nPara começar, você precisa criar uma conta. Aqui você tem algumas escolhas a fazer:\n Deseja usar uma conta existente? Você deseja criar uma nova conta? Existem propriedades especiais de tal usuário que precisam ser levadas em consideração antes do início da configuração?  Independentemente de como você responde a esta pergunta, a solução é torná-la parte da etapa de \u0026ldquo;configurar os dados\u0026rdquo; do teste. Se Larry expôs uma API que permite a você (ou qualquer pessoa) criar e atualizar contas de usuário, certifique-se de usar isso para responder a esta pergunta. Se possível, você deseja iniciar o navegador somente depois de ter um usuário \u0026ldquo;em mãos\u0026rdquo;, cujas credenciais você pode usar para fazer login.\nSe cada teste para cada fluxo de trabalho começar com a criação de uma conta de usuário, muitos segundos serão adicionados à execução de cada teste. Chamar uma API e falar com um banco de dados são operações rápidas, \u0026ldquo;sem cabeçalho\u0026rdquo; que não requerem o processo caro de abrir um navegador, navegar para as páginas certas, clicando e aguardando o envio dos formulários, etc.\nIdealmente, você pode abordar esta fase de configuração em uma linha de código, que será executado antes que qualquer navegador seja iniciado:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método está definido em algum outro lugar.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, # mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm # privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço # de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa # conhecê-los. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Faça login como este usuário. # O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então # o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você # execute ações da AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, # mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm # privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço # de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa # conhecê-los. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Faça login como este usuário. # O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então # o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você # execute ações da AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Como você pode imaginar, a UserFactory pode ser estendida para fornecer métodos como createAdminUser () e createUserWithPayment (). A questão é que essas duas linhas de código não o distraem do objetivo final deste teste: configurando um unicórnio.\nOs detalhes do modelo de objeto de página será discutido em capítulos posteriores, mas vamos apresentar o conceito aqui:\nSeus testes devem ser compostos de ações, realizadas do ponto de vista do usuário, dentro do contexto das páginas do site. Essas páginas são armazenadas como objetos, que conterão informações específicas sobre como a página da web é composta e como as ações são realizadas - muito pouco disso deve preocupar você como testador.\nQue tipo de unicórnio você quer? Você pode querer rosa, mas não necessariamente. Roxo tem sido bastante popular ultimamente. Ela precisa de óculos escuros? Tatuagens de estrelas? Essas escolhas, embora difíceis, são sua principal preocupação como testador - você precisa garantir que seu centro de atendimento de pedidos envia o unicórnio certo para a pessoa certa, e isso começa com essas escolhas.\nObserve que em nenhum lugar desse parágrafo falamos sobre botões, campos, menus suspensos, botões de opção ou formulários da web. Nem deveriam seus testes! Você deseja escrever seu código como o usuário tentando resolver seu problema. Aqui está uma maneira de fazer isso (continuando do exemplo anterior):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. # Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage # com o navegador de qualquer forma. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao # lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; # nos leva lá. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para # o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, # preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. # Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage # com o navegador de qualquer forma. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao # lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; # nos leva lá. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para # o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, # preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Agora que você configurou seu unicórnio, você precisa passar para a etapa 3: certifique-se de que realmente funcionou.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto # Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los # com os campos na página assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto # Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los # com os campos na página expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Observe que o testador ainda não fez nada além de falar sobre unicórnios neste código– sem botões, sem localizadores, sem controles do navegador. Este método de modelagem do aplicativo permite que você mantenha esses comandos de nível de teste no lugar e imutáveis, mesmo se Larry decidir na próxima semana que não gosta mais de Ruby-on-Rails e decidir reimplementar todo o site em Haskell com um front-end Fortran.\nSeus objetos de página exigirão alguma pequena manutenção para estar conformidade com o redesenho do site, mas esses testes permanecerão os mesmos. Pegando esse design básico, você desejará continuar seus fluxos de trabalho com o menor número possível de etapas voltadas para o navegador. Seu próximo fluxo de trabalho envolverá adicionar um unicórnio ao carrinho de compras. Provavelmente, você desejará muitas iterações deste teste para ter certeza de que o carrinho está mantendo o estado adequado: Existe mais de um unicórnio no carrinho antes de você começar? Quantos cabem no carrinho de compras? Se você criar mais de um com o mesmo nome e / ou recursos, ele falhará? Manterá apenas o existente ou acrescentará outro?\nCada vez que você passa pelo fluxo de trabalho, você deseja evitar ter que criar uma conta, fazer login como o usuário e configurar o unicórnio. Idealmente, você será capaz de criar uma conta e pré-configurar um unicórnio por meio da API ou banco de dados. Em seguida, tudo que você precisa fazer é fazer login como o usuário, localizar Sparkles, e adicioná-lo ao carrinho.\nAutomatizar ou não automatizar? A automação é sempre vantajosa? Quando se deve decidir automatizar os casos de teste?\nNem sempre é vantajoso automatizar casos de teste. Tem vezes que o teste manual pode ser mais apropriado. Por exemplo, se a interface do aplicativo mudará consideravelmente em um futuro próximo, então qualquer automação pode precisar ser reescrita de qualquer maneira. Além disso, às vezes simplesmente não há tempo suficiente para construir automação de testes. A curto prazo, o teste manual pode ser mais eficaz. Se um aplicativo tem um prazo muito curto, atualmente não há automação de teste disponível, e é imperativo que o teste seja feito dentro nesse período, o teste manual é a melhor solução.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Trabalhando com cores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ocasionalmente, você desejará validar a cor de algo como parte de seus testes; o problema é que as definições de cores na web não são constantes. Não seria bom se houvesse uma maneira fácil de comparar uma representação HEX de uma cor com uma representação RGB de uma cor, ou uma representação RGBA de uma cor com uma representação HSLA de uma cor?\nNão se preocupe. Existe uma solução: a classe Color!\nEm primeiro lugar, você precisará importar a classe:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Agora você pode começar a criar objetos coloridos. Cada objeto de cor precisará ser criado a partir de uma representação de string de sua cor. As representações de cores com suporte são:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     A classe Color também suporta todas as definições de cores básicas especificadas em http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Às vezes, os navegadores retornam um valor de cor \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; se nenhuma cor foi definida em um elemento. A classe Color também oferece suporte para isso:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Agora você pode consultar com segurança um elemento para obter sua cor / cor de fundo sabendo que qualquer resposta será analisada corretamente e convertido em um objeto Color válido:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Você pode então comparar diretamente os objetos coloridos:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Ou você pode converter a cor em um dos seguintes formatos e realizar uma validação estática:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     As cores não são mais um problema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Códigos de respostas HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para algumas configurações de navegador no Selenium RC, Selenium atuou como um proxy entre o navegador e o site sendo automatizado. Isso significa que todo o tráfego do navegador que passou pelo Selenium poderia ser capturado ou manipulado. O método captureNetworkTraffic() pretendia capturar todo o tráfego de rede entre o navegador e o site sendo automatizado, incluindo códigos de resposta HTTP.\nSelenium WebDriver é uma abordagem completamente diferente para a automação do navegador, preferindo agir mais como um usuário. Isso é representado na maneira como você escreve testes com o WebDriver. Em testes funcionais automatizados, verificar o código de status não é um detalhe particularmente importante da falha de um teste; as etapas que o precederam são mais importantes.\nO navegador sempre representará o código de status HTTP, imagine, por exemplo, uma página de erro 404 ou 500. Uma maneira simples de “falhar rapidamente” quando você encontrar uma dessas páginas de erro é verificar o título da página ou o conteúdo de um ponto confiável (por exemplo, a tag \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) após cada carregamento de página. Se você estiver usando o modelo de objeto de página, você pode incluir esta verificação em seu construtor de classe ou ponto semelhante onde o carregamento da página é esperado. Ocasionalmente, o código HTTP pode até ser representado na página de erro do navegador e você pode usar o WebDriver para ler isso e melhorar sua saída de depuração.\nVerificar se a própria página da web está alinhada com a prática ideal do WebDriver de representar a visão do usuário do site.\nSe você insiste, uma solução avançada para capturar códigos de status HTTP é replicar o comportamento do Selenium RC usando um proxy. A API WebDriver fornece a capacidade de definir um proxy para o navegador, e há uma série de proxies que irão permitir que você manipule de forma programática o conteúdo das solicitações enviadas e recebidas do servidor da web. Usar um proxy permite que você decida como deseja responder para códigos de resposta de redirecionamento. Além disso, nem todo navegador torna os códigos de resposta disponíveis para WebDriver, então optar por usar um proxy permite que você tenha uma solução que funciona para todos os navegadores.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Gerando estado da aplicação","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium não deve ser usado para preparar um caso de teste. Tudo as ações repetitivas e preparações para um caso de teste devem ser feitas por meio de outros métodos. Por exemplo, a maioria das IUs da web tem autenticação (por exemplo, um formulário de login). Eliminar o login via navegador da web antes de cada teste irá melhorar a velocidade e estabilidade do teste. Um método deve ser criado para obter acesso à AUT* (por exemplo, usando uma API para fazer login e definir um cookie). Além disso, a criação de métodos para pré-carregar dados para o teste não deve ser feito usando Selenium. Como dito anteriormente, APIs existentes devem ser aproveitadas para criar dados para a AUT *.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid é um servidor proxy inteligente que permite que os testes Selenium encaminhem comandos para instâncias remotas do navegador da web. Seu objetivo é fornecer uma maneira fácil de executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas.\nCom Selenium Grid, um servidor atua como o hub que roteia comandos de teste formatados em JSON para um ou mais nós registrados. Os testes entram em contato com o hub para obter acesso a instâncias remotas do navegador. O hub tem uma lista de servidores registrados aos quais fornece acesso, e permite o controle dessas instâncias.\nSelenium Grid nos permite executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas, e gerenciar diferentes versões e configurações do navegador centralmente (em vez de em cada teste individual).\nSelenium Grid não é uma bala de prata. Ele resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição, mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura, e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.\n** Observe que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium recomenda usar [Grid 4] (/pt-br/grid/grid_4/)**\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner permite que você execute suítes de teste da linha de comando. Suítes de teste são exportações de HTML do Selenium IDE ou ferramentas compatíveis.\nInformação comum  Combinação de lançamentos de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner são importantes. Pode haver um software matriz de compatibilidade em algum lugar. selenium-html-runner executa apenas suítes de teste (não casos de teste - por exemplo, uma exportação do Monitis Transaction Monitor). Certifique-se de cumprir isso. Para usuários Linux sem DISPLAY - você precisa iniciar o html-runner com display virtual (procure por xvfb)  Exemplo de ambiente Linux Instale / baixe os seguintes pacotes:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Exemplo de suíte de testes:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Como rodar o selenium-html-runner headless Agora, a parte mais importante, um exemplo de como executar o selenium-html-runner! Sua experiência pode variar dependendo das combinações de software - versões geckodriver / FF / html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Instalando o servidor Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Se você planeja usar Grid, você deve baixar o arquivo selenium-server-standalone JAR. Todos os componentes estão disponíveis via selenium-server. O JAR Standalone contém tudo, incluindo o servidor Selenium remoto e as ligações do lado do cliente. Isso significa que se você usar o jar selenium-server-standalone em seu projeto, você não precisa adicionar selenium-java ou um jar específico do navegador.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/","title":"Instalação do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Instalação do Selenium A configuração do Selenium é bastante diferente da configuração de outras ferramentas comerciais. Para usar Selenium em seu projeto de automação, você precisa instalar as bibliotecas de linguagem para sua linguagem de escolha. Além disso, você precisará dos binários WebDriver para os navegadores que você deseja automatizar e executar testes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localizando elementos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localizando elementos Uma das técnicas mais fundamentais para aprender ao usar o WebDriver é como encontrar elementos na página. WebDriver oferece uma série de tipos de seletores embutidos, entre eles encontrar um elemento por seu atributo de ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Como visto no exemplo, a localização de elementos no WebDriver é feita no objeto da instância WebDriver. O método findElement(By) retorna outro tipo de objeto fundamental, o WebElement.\n WebDriver representa o navegador WebElement representa um nó DOM específico (um controle, por exemplo, um link ou input, etc.)  Depois de ter uma referência a um elemento da web que foi \u0026ldquo;encontrado\u0026rdquo;, você pode restringir o escopo de sua pesquisa usando a mesma chamada nessa instância do objeto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Você pode fazer isso porque ambos os tipos WebDriver e WebElement implementam a interface SearchContext. No WebDriver, isso é conhecido como interface baseada em função. As interfaces baseadas em funções permitem que você determine se uma implementação do driver suporta um determinado recurso. Essas interfaces são claramente definidas e tentam aderir a ter apenas uma única função de responsabilidade. Você pode ler mais sobre o design do WebDriver e quais funções são suportadas em quais drivers em Alguma outra seção que deve ser nomeada.\nConsequentemente, a interface By usada acima também suporta um número de estratégias de localização adicionais. Uma pesquisa aninhada pode não ser a estratégia de localização de cheese mais eficaz, pois requer dois comandos separados a serem emitidos para o navegador; primeiro pesquisando o DOM para um elemento com o ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo;, em seguida, uma pesquisa por \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; em um contexto restrito.\nPara melhorar um pouco o desempenho, devemos tentar usar um localizador mais específico: WebDriver suporta a procura de elementos por localizadores CSS, o que nos permite combinar os dois localizadores anteriores em uma única pesquisa:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localizando mútliplos elementos É possível que o documento com o qual estamos trabalhando tenha uma lista ordenada dos queijos que mais gostamos:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Uma vez que mais queijo é indiscutivelmente melhor, e seria complicado ter que recuperar cada um dos itens individualmente, uma técnica melhor para buscar cheese é fazer uso da versão pluralizada findElements(By). Este método retorna uma coleção de elementos web. Se apenas um elemento for encontrado, ele ainda retornará uma coleção (de um elemento). Se nenhum elemento corresponder ao localizador, um lista vazia será retornada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Estratégias de seleção de elemento Existem oito estratégias diferentes de localização de elementos embutidas no WebDriver:\n   Localizador Descrição     class name Localiza elementos cujo nome de classe contém o valor de pesquisa (nomes de classes compostas não são permitidos)   css selector Localiza elementos que correspondem a um seletor CSS   id Localiza elementos cujo atributo de ID corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   name Localiza elementos cujo atributo NAME corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   link text Localiza elementos âncora cujo texto visível corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   partial link text Localiza elementos âncora cujo texto visível contém o valor da pesquisa. Se vários elementos forem correspondentes, apenas o primeiro será selecionado.   tag name Localiza elementos cujo nome de tag corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   xpath Localiza elementos que correspondem a uma expressão XPath    Dicas sobre como usar seletores No geral, se os IDs de HTML estiverem disponíveis, únicos e consistentemente previsíveis, eles são o método preferido para localizar um elemento uma página. Eles tendem a trabalhar muito rapidamente e dispensar muito processamento que vem com travessias de DOM complicadas.\nSe IDs exclusivos não estiverem disponíveis, um seletor CSS bem escrito é o método preferido de localização de um elemento. XPath funciona bem como CSS seletores, mas a sintaxe é complicada e frequentemente difícil de depurar. Embora os seletores XPath sejam muito flexíveis, eles não são tipicamente testados em performance por fornecedores de navegadores e tendem a ser bastante lentos.\nAs estratégias de seleção baseadas em linkText e partialLinkText têm desvantagens porque eles só funcionam em elementos de link. Além disso, eles chamam seletores XPath internamente no WebDriver.\nO nome da tag pode ser uma maneira perigosa de localizar elementos. tem frequentemente, vários elementos da mesma tag presentes na página. Isso é útil principalmente ao chamar o método _findElements(By) _ que retorna uma coleção de elementos.\nA recomendação é manter seus localizadores compactos e legíveis quanto possível. Pedir ao WebDriver para percorrer a estrutura DOM é uma operação cara, e quanto mais você pode restringir o escopo de sua pesquisa, melhor.\nLocalizadores relativos Selenium 4 traz localizadores relativos que eram anteriormente chamado de Localizadores Amigáveis. Esta funcionalidade foi adicionada para ajudá-lo a localizar elementos que estão próximos a outros elementos. Os localizadores relativos disponíveis são:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  O método findElement agora aceita um novo método withTagName() que retorna um RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nComo funciona Selenium usa a função JavaScript getBoundingClientRect() para encontrar os elementos relativos. Esta função retorna propriedades de um elemento, como right, left, bottom, and top.\nVamos considerar o exemplo abaixo para entender os localizadores relativos.\nabove() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece acima do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece abaixo do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece à esquerda do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece à direita do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Retorna o WebElement, que está no máximo a 50px de distância do elemento especificado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulação do Browser","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby Ruby não está instalado por padrão no Windows. Baixe a versão mais recente e execute o instalador. Você podedeixar todas as configurações com os valores padrão, exceto na tela Installation Destination and Optional Tasks verifique onde você precisa marca a caixa de seleção Add Ruby executables to your PATH. Para utilizar qualquer navegador, você deve instalar a gem de Ruby selenium-webdriver. Para instalá-lo, abra o prompt de comando e digite isto:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Ou, se você usa Bundler, adicione esta linha ao Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; Em seguida, execute o seguinte comando no prompt de comando:\nbundle install Internet Explorer O Internet Explorer é instalado por padrão no Windows, portanto nenhuma instalação é necessária. Para utilizar o Internet Explorer no Windows, você deve baixar o driver mais recente do Internet Explorer e colocar o arquivo em uma pasta que está no PATH. Para descobrir quais diretórios estão no PATH, digite echo% PATH% no prompt de comando.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin parece um bom lugar. Descompacte o arquivo IEDriverServer e mova IEDriverServer.exe para lá.\nIsso deve abrir uma nova janela do Internet Explorer:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Navegação Navegar para A primeira coisa que você vai querer fazer depois de iniciar um navegador é abrir o seu site. Isso pode ser feito em uma única linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Coletar a URL atual Você pode ler a URL atual na barra de endereço do navegador usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Voltar Pressionando o botão Voltar do navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Avançar Pressionando o botão Avançar do navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Atualizar Atualizando a página atual:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Coletar título Você pode ler o título da página atual no navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Janelas e guias Pega o puxador da janela O WebDriver não faz distinção entre janelas e guias. E se seu site abre uma nova guia ou janela, o Selenium permitirá que você trabalhe usando um puxador de janela. Cada janela tem um identificador único que permanece persistente em uma única sessão. Você pode pegar o puxador da janela atual usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Alternando janelas ou guias Clicar em um link que abre em uma nova janela  focará a nova janela ou guia na tela, mas o WebDriver não saberá qual janela que o sistema operacional considera ativa. Para trabalhar com a nova janela você precisará mudar para ela. Se você tiver apenas duas guias ou janelas abertas, e você sabe com qual janela você começa, pelo processo de eliminação você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e alternar para aquela que não é o original.\nNo entanto, o Selenium 4 fornece uma nova API NewWindow  que cria uma nova guia (ou) nova janela e muda automaticamente para ela.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Criar nova janela (ou) nova guia e alternar Cria uma nova janela (ou) guia e focará a nova janela ou guia na tela. Você não precisa mudar para trabalhar com a nova janela (ou) guia. Se você tiver mais de duas janelas (ou) guias abertas diferentes da nova janela, você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e mudar para aquela que não é a original.\nNota: este recurso funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Fechando uma janela ou guia Quando você terminar com uma janela ou guia e não é a última janela ou guia aberta em seu navegador, você deve fechá-la e alternar de volta para a janela que você estava usando anteriormente. Supondo que você seguiu a amostra de código na seção anterior, você terá o identificador da janela anterior armazenado em uma variável. Junte isso e você obterá:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Esquecer de voltar para outro gerenciador de janela após fechar uma janela deixará o WebDriver em execução na página agora fechada e acionar uma No Such Window Exception. Você deve trocar de volta para um identificador de janela válido para continuar a execução.\nSair do navegador no final de uma sessão Quando você terminar a sessão do navegador, você deve chamar quit, em vez de fechar:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     quit irá:  Fechar todas as janelas e guias associadas a essa sessão do WebDriver Fechar o processo do navegador Fechar o processo do driver em segundo plano Notificar o Selenium Grid de que o navegador não está mais em uso para que possa ser usado por outra sessão (se você estiver usando Selenium Grid)    A falha em encerrar deixará processos e portas extras em segundo plano rodando em sua máquina, o que pode causar problemas mais tarde.\nAlgumas estruturas de teste oferecem métodos e anotações em que você pode ligar para derrubar no final de um teste.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     Se não estiver executando o WebDriver em um contexto de teste, você pode considerar o uso do try/finally que é oferecido pela maioria das linguagens para que uma exceção ainda limpe a sessão do WebDriver.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     O WebDriver do Python agora suporta o gerenciador de contexto python, que ao usar a palavra-chave with pode encerrar automaticamente o driver no fim da execução.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames e Iframes Frames são um meio obsoleto de construir um layout de site a partir de vários documentos no mesmo domínio. É improvável que você trabalhe com eles a menos que você esteja trabalhando com um webapp pré-HTML5. Iframes permitem a inserção de um documento de um domínio totalmente diferente, e são ainda comumente usado.\nSe você precisa trabalhar com frames ou iframes, o WebDriver permite que você trabalhe com eles da mesma maneira. Considere um botão dentro de um iframe. Se inspecionarmos o elemento usando as ferramentas de desenvolvimento do navegador, podemos ver o seguinte:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; Se não fosse pelo iframe, esperaríamos clicar no botão usando algo como:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     No entanto, se não houver botões fora do iframe, você pode em vez disso, obter um erro no such element. Isso acontece porque o Selenium é ciente apenas dos elementos no documento de nível superior. Para interagir com o botão, precisamos primeiro mudar para o quadro, de forma semelhante a como alternamos janelas. WebDriver oferece três maneiras de mudar para um frame.\nUsando um WebElement Alternar usando um WebElement é a opção mais flexível. Você pode encontrar o quadro usando seu seletor preferido e mudar para ele.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando um name ou ID Se o seu frame ou iframe tiver um atributo id ou name, ele pode ser usado alternativamente. Se o name ou ID não for exclusivo na página, o primeiro encontrado será utilizado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando um índice Também é possível usar o índice do frame, podendo ser consultado usando window.frames em JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Deixando um frame Para deixar um iframe ou frameset, volte para o conteúdo padrão como a seguir:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Gerenciamento de janelas A resolução da tela pode impactar como seu aplicativo da web é renderizado, então WebDriver fornece mecanismos para mover e redimensionar a janela do navegador.\nColetar o tamanho da janela Obtém o tamanho da janela do navegador em pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Definir o tamanho da janela Restaura a janela e define o tamanho da janela. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nColetar posição da janela Busca as coordenadas da coordenada superior esquerda da janela do navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Definir posição da janela Move a janela para a posição escolhida.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximizar janela Aumenta a janela. Para a maioria dos sistemas operacionais, a janela irá preencher a tela, sem bloquear os próprios menus do sistema operacional e barras de ferramentas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimizar janela Minimiza a janela do contexto de navegação atual. O comportamento exato deste comando é específico para gerenciadores de janela individuais.\nMinimizar Janela normalmente oculta a janela na bandeja do sistema.\nNota: este recurso funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Janela em tamanho cheio Preenche a tela inteira, semelhante a pressionar F11 na maioria dos navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Usado para capturar a tela do contexto de navegação atual. O endpoint WebDriver screenshot retorna a captura de tela codificada no formato Base64.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Usado para capturar a imagem de um elemento para o contexto de navegação atual. O endpoint WebDriver screenshot retorna a captura de tela codificada no formato Base64.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Executar Script Executa o snippet de código JavaScript no contexto atual de um frame ou janela selecionada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Imprimir Página Imprime a página atual dentro do navegador\nNota: isto requer que navegadores Chromium estejam no modo sem cabeçalho\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"Suporte a buscas em GraphQL","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL é uma linguagem de consulta para APIs e um runtime para atender a essas consultas com seus dados existentes. Ele dá aos usuários o poder de pedir exatamente o que precisam e nada mais.\nEnums Enums representam possíveis conjuntos de valores para um campo.\nPor exemplo, o objeto Node possui um campo chamado status. O estado é um enum (especificamente, do tipo Status) porque pode ser UP, DRAINING ou UNAVAILABLE.\nEscalares Escalares são valores primitivos: Int, Float, String, Boolean ou ID.\nAo chamar a API GraphQL, você deve especificar o subcampo aninhado até retornar apenas escalares.\nEstrutura do Schema A estrutura do esquema de grade é a seguinte:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Consultando GraphQL O melhor jeito de consultar GraphQL é utilizando requisições curl. GraphQL permite que você busque apenas os dados que você quer, nada mais, anda menos.\nAlguns exemplos de buscas em GraphQL estão abaixo. Você pode montar as queries como quiser.\nBuscando o número total de slots (maxSession) e slots usados (sessionCount) na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Geralmente na máquina local o \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; será http://localhost:4444/graphql\nBuscando todos os detalhes da Sessão, Nó e Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando o número de sessões atual na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando a contagem máxima de sessões na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando todos os detalhes de todas as sessões de todos os nós na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando informações dos slots de todas as sessões de cada Nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando informação da sessão para uma sessão específica: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando os recursos de cada nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando o status de cada Nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando a URI de cada Nó e da Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Tipos de teste","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Teste de aceitação Este tipo de teste é feito para determinar se um recurso ou sistema atende às expectativas e requisitos do cliente. Este tipo de teste geralmente envolve cooperação ou feedback do cliente, sendo uma atividade de validação que responde a pergunta:\n Estamos construindo o produto certo?.\n Para aplicações web, a automação desse teste pode ser feita diretamente com o Selenium, simulando o comportamento esperado do usuário. Esta simulação pode ser feita por gravação / reprodução ou por meio dos diferentes idiomas suportados, conforme explicado nesta documentação. Observação: o teste de aceitação é um subtipo de teste funcional, ao qual algumas pessoas também podem se referir.\nTeste funcional Este tipo de teste é feito para determinar se um recurso ou sistema funciona corretamente sem problemas. Verifica o sistema em diferentes níveis para garantir que todos os cenários são cobertos e que o sistema faz o que está suposto fazer. É uma atividade de verificação que responde a pergunta:\n Estamos construindo o produto corretamente?.\n Isso geralmente inclui: os testes funcionam sem erros (404, exceções \u0026hellip;), de forma utilizável (redirecionamentos corretos), de forma acessível e atendendo às suas especificações (consulte teste de aceitação acima).\nPara aplicativos da web, a automação desse teste pode ser feito diretamente com o Selenium, simulando os retornos esperados. Esta simulação pode ser feita por gravação / reprodução ou por meio de os diferentes idiomas suportados, conforme explicado nesta documentação.\nTeste de performance/desempenho Como o próprio nome indica, testes de desempenho são feitos para medir o desempenho de um aplicativo.\nExistem dois subtipos principais para testes de desempenho:\nTeste de carga O teste de carga é feito para verificar o quão bem o aplicativo funciona sob diferentes cargas definidas (geralmente um determinado número de usuários conectados ao mesmo tempo).\nTeste de estresse O teste de estresse é feito para verificar o quão bem a aplicação funciona sob estresse (ou acima da carga máxima suportada).\nGeralmente, os testes de estresse são feitos executando alguns testes escritos com Selenium simulando diferentes usuários utilizando uma função específica no aplicativo da web e recuperando algumas medições significativas.\nIsso geralmente é feito por outras ferramentas que recuperam as métricas. Uma dessas ferramentas é a JMeter.\nPara um aplicativo da web, os detalhes a serem medidos incluem taxa de transferência, latência, perda de dados, tempos de carregamento de componentes individuais \u0026hellip;\nNota 1: todos os navegadores têm uma guia de desempenho em seus seção de ferramentas para desenvolvedores (acessível pressionando F12)\nNota 2: é um subtipo de teste não funcional já que isso geralmente é medido por sistema e não por função / recurso.\nTeste regressivo Esse teste geralmente é feito após uma alteração, correção ou adição de recurso.\nPara garantir que a mudança não quebrou nenhumas das funcionalidades, alguns testes já executados são executados novamente.\nO conjunto de testes re-executados pode ser total ou parcial e pode incluir vários tipos diferentes, dependendo da equipe de aplicação e desenvolvimento.\nDesenvolvimento orientado a testes (TDD) Em vez de um tipo de teste per se, o TDD é uma metodologia iterativa de desenvolvimento na qual os testes conduzem o design de um recurso.\nCada ciclo começa criando um conjunto de testes de unidade no qual o recurso deve eventualmente ser aprovado (eles devem falhar na primeira execução).\nDepois disso, ocorre o desenvolvimento para fazer os testes passarem. Os testes são executados novamente, iniciando outro ciclo e esse processo continua até que todos os testes sejam aprovados.\nVisa acelerar o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo com base no fato de que os defeitos custam menos quanto mais cedo são encontrados.\nDesenvolvimento orientado a comportamento (BDD) BDD também é uma metodologia de desenvolvimento iterativa com base no TDD acima, em que o objetivo é envolver todas as partes no desenvolvimento de um aplicativo.\nCada ciclo começa criando algumas especificações (que deve falhar). Em seguida, crie a os testes de unidade com falha (que também devem falhar) e, em seguida, faça o desenvolvimento.\nEste ciclo é repetido até que todos os tipos de testes sejam aprovados.\nPara fazer isso, uma linguagem de especificação é usada. Deve ser compreensível por todas as partes e ser simples, padronizada e explícita. A maioria das ferramentas usa Gherkin como esse idioma.\nO objetivo é ser capaz de detectar ainda mais erros do que TDD, visando potenciais erros de aceitação também e tornar a comunicação entre as partes mais fácil.\nUm conjunto de ferramentas está atualmente disponível para escrever as especificações e combiná-las com funções de código, como Cucumber ou SpecFlow.\nUm conjunto de ferramentas é construído em cima do Selenium para tornar este processo ainda mais rápido, transformando diretamente as especificações BDD em código executável. Alguns deles são JBehave, Capybara e Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Trabalhando com elementos select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Os elementos select podem exigir um pouco de código padrão para serem automatizados. Para reduzir isso e tornar seus testes mais limpos, existe uma Classe Select no pacote de suporte do Selenium. Para usá-lo, você precisará da seguinte instrução de importação:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Você pode então criar um objeto Select usando um WebElement que faz referência a um elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     O objeto Select agora lhe dará uma série de comandos que permitem que você interaja com um elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Em primeiro lugar, existem diferentes maneiras de selecionar uma opção do elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Existem três maneiras de selecionar a primeira opção do elemento acima:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Ou você pode apenas estar interessado em quais elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; o elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; contém:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     Se você deseja desmarcar qualquer elemento, agora você tem quatro opções:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finalmente, alguns elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; permitem que você selecione mais de uma opção. Você pode descobrir se o seu elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; é um deles usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Advanced Features","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese (Brazil). Do you speak Portuguese (Brazil)? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Ações do mouse em detalhe","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse representa um evento do mouse. Ações do mouse são realizadas usando interface de baixo nível que nos permite fornecer ação de entrada de dispositivo virtualizado para o navegador da web.\nclickAndHold Ele se moverá para o elemento e clicar (sem soltar) no meio do elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Este método primeiro executa um movimento do mouse para a localização do elemento e executa o clique de contexto (clique com o botão direito) no elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Ele se moverá para o elemento e executará um clique duplo no meio do elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Este método move o mouse para o meio do elemento. O elemento também é rolado para a exibição ao executar esta ação.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: Este método move o mouse de sua posição atual (ou 0,0) pelo deslocamento fornecido. Se as coordenadas estiverem fora da janela de visualização, o mouse ficará fora da janela do navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Este método primeiro executa um clique e segura no elemento de origem, move-se para o local do elemento de destino e, em seguida, libera o mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Este método primeiro executa um clique e segura no elemento de origem, move-se para o deslocamento fornecido e, em seguida, libera o mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Esta ação libera o botão esquerdo do mouse pressionado. Se WebElement for aprovado, ele irá liberar o botão esquerdo do mouse pressionado no WebElement fornecido\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Começando com o WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Começando com o WebDriver Selenium suporta automação de todos os principais navegadores do mercado por meio do uso do WebDriver. WebDriver é uma API e protocolo que define uma interface de linguagem neutra para controlar o comportamento dos navegadores da web. Cada navegador é apoiado por uma implementação WebDriver específica, chamada de driver. O driver é o componente responsável por delegar ao navegador, e lida com a comunicação de e para o Selenium e o navegador.\nEssa separação é parte de um esforço consciente para que os fornecedores de navegadores assumam a responsabilidade pela implementação de seus navegadores. Selenium faz uso desses drivers de terceiros sempre que possível, mas também fornece seus próprios drivers mantidos pelo projeto para os casos em que isso não é uma realidade.\nA estrutura do Selenium une todas essas peças por meio de uma interface voltada para o usuário que permite aos diferentes back-ends de navegador serem usados de forma transparente, permitindo a automação entre navegadores e plataformas cruzadas.\nMais detalhes sobre os drivers podem ser encontrados em Idiossincrasias do driver.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/","title":"Esperas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Geralmente, pode-se dizer que o WebDriver tem uma API de blocante. Porque é uma biblioteca fora de processo que instrui ao navegador o que fazer, e porque a plataforma web tem uma natureza intrinsecamente assíncrona, O WebDriver não rastreia o estado ativo em tempo real do DOM. Isso traz alguns desafios que discutiremos aqui.\nPor experiência, a maioria dos problemas intermitentes que surgem do uso de Selenium e WebDriver estão conectados a condições de corrida que ocorrem entre o navegador e as instruções do usuário. Um exemplo pode ser que o usuário instrui o navegador a navegar para uma página, em seguida, obtém um erro no such element ao tentar encontrar um elemento.\nConsidere o seguinte documento:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; As instruções do WebDriver podem parecer inocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     O problema aqui é que a estratégia de carregamento de página padrão usado no WebDriver escuta o document.readyState para mudar para \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; antes de retornar da chamada para navigate. Porque o elemento p é adicionado após o carregamento do documento concluído, este script WebDriver pode ser intermitente. \u0026ldquo;Pode\u0026rdquo; ser intermitente porque nenhuma garantia pode ser feita sobre elementos ou eventos que disparam de forma assíncrona sem esperar explicitamente - ou bloquear - nesses eventos.\nFelizmente, o conjunto normal de instruções disponível na interface _WebElement _ - tal como WebElement.click e WebElement.sendKeys — são garantidamente síncrono, em que as chamadas de função não retornarão (ou o retorno de chamada não será acionado em linguagens de estilo de retorno de chamada) até que o comando seja concluído no navegador. As APIs avançadas de interação com o usuário, Keyboard e Mouse, são exceções, pois são explicitamente pretendidas como comandos assíncronos “faça o que eu digo”.\nEsperar é fazer a execução de tarefa automatizada esperar passar um certo tempo antes de continuar com a próxima etapa.\nPara superar o problema das condições de corrida entre o navegador e o script WebDriver, a maioria dos clientes Selenium vem com um pacote wait. Ao empregar uma espera, você está usando o que é comumente referido como uma espera explícita.\nEspera explícita Esperas explícitas estão disponíveis para clientes Selenium para linguagens procedurais imperativas. Eles permitem que seu código interrompa a execução do programa, ou congelar o tópico, até que a condição que você passe resolva. A condição é chamada com uma certa frequência até que o tempo limite de espera tenha decorrido. Isso significa que, enquanto a condição retornar um valor falso, ele continuará tentando e esperando.\nComo as esperas explícitas permitem que você espere até que uma condição ocorra, eles são adequados para sincronizar o estado entre o navegador e seu DOM, e seu script WebDriver.\nPara remediar o nosso conjunto de instruções com erros de antes, poderíamos empregar um tempo de espera para que a chamada findElement espere até que o elemento adicionado dinamicamente do script seja adicionado ao DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     Passamos a condição como uma referência de função que o wait executará repetidamente até que seu valor de retorno seja verdadeiro. Um valor de retorno “verdadeiro” é qualquer coisa avaliada como booleana verdadeira na linguagem em questão, como string, número, booleano, um objeto (incluindo um WebElement), ou uma sequência ou lista preenchida (não vazia). Isso significa que uma lista vazia é avaliada como falsa. Quando a condição é verdadeira e a espera de bloqueio é abortada, o valor de retorno da condição se torna o valor de retorno da espera.\nCom este conhecimento, e como o utilitário de espera ignora erros no such element por padrão, podemos refatorar nossas instruções para sermos mais concisos:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Nesse exemplo, passamos uma função anônima (mas também podemos definá-la explicitamente, como fizemos antes, para que possa ser reutilizado). O primeiro e único argumento que é passado para nossa condição é sempre uma referência ao nosso objeto driver, WebDriver. Em um ambiente multi-thread, você deve ter cuidado para operar na referência do driver passada para a condição em vez da referência ao driver no escopo externo.\nDado que a espera vai engolir erros no such element que são gerados quando o elemento não é encontrado, a condição tentará novamente até que o elemento seja encontrado. Em seguida, ele receberá o valor de retorno, um WebElement, e o passará de volta para o nosso script.\nSe a condição falhar, por exemplo um valor de retorno verdadeiro da condição nunca for alcançado, a espera lançará/gerará um erro/exceção chamado timeout error.\nOpções A condição de espera pode ser personalizada para atender às suas necessidades. Às vezes, é desnecessário esperar todo o tempo limite padrão, já que a penalidade por não atingir uma condição de sucesso pode ser cara.\nA espera permite que você passe um argumento para substituir o tempo limite:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Condições esperadas Já que é uma ocorrência bastante comum ter que sincronizar o DOM e suas instruções, a maioria dos clientes também vem com um conjunto de condições esperadas predefinidas. Como pode ser óbvio pelo nome, são condições predefinidas para operações de espera frequentes.\nAs condições disponíveis nas diferentes linguagens variam, mas esta é uma lista não exaustiva de alguns:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  Você pode consultar a documentação da API para cada biblioteca de cliente para encontrar uma lista exaustiva das condições esperadas:\n Classe Java org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions Classe Python selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions Tipo .NET OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Espera implícita Há um segundo tipo de espera que é diferente de espera explícita chamada espera implícita. Esperando implicitamente, o WebDriver pesquisa o DOM por um certo período ao tentar encontrar qualquer elemento. Isso pode ser útil quando certos elementos da página da web não estão disponíveis imediatamente e precisam de algum tempo para carregar.\nA espera implícita pelo aparecimento de elementos está desativada por padrão e precisará ser habilitada manualmente por sessão. Misturar esperas explícitas e esperas implícitas irá causar consequências não intencionais, ou seja, espera dormir pelo máximo tempo mesmo se o elemento estiver disponível ou a condição for verdadeira.\nAtenção: Não misture esperas implícitas e explícitas. Isso pode causar tempos de espera imprevisíveis. Por exemplo, definir uma espera implícita de 10 segundos e uma espera explícita de 15 segundos pode causar um tempo limite após 20 segundos.\nUma espera implícita é dizer ao WebDriver para pesquisar o DOM por um certo período de tempo ao tentar encontrar um elemento ou elementos se não estiverem imediatamente disponíveis. A configuração padrão é 0, o que significa desativado. Depois de definida, a espera implícita é definida para a duração da sessão.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait A instância FluentWait define a quantidade máxima de tempo de espera por uma condição, bem como a frequência com que verificar a condição.\nOs usuários podem configurar a espera para ignorar tipos específicos de exceções enquanto esperam, como NoSuchElementException ao pesquisar um elemento na página.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 é uma implementação nova e não compartilha a base de código da versão anterior.\nGrid 4 tem uma abordagem para tirar proveito de uma série de novas tecnologias para facilitar o escalonamento, permitindo ainda a execução local.\nPara obter todos os detalhes dos componentes do Grid 4, entenda como funciona e como definir o seu próprio. Navegue pelas seguintes seções.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Login via Gmail, email e Facebook","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por vários motivos, fazer login em sites como Gmail e Facebook usando do WebDriver não é recomendado. Além de ser contra os termos de uso desses sites (onde você corre o risco de ter a conta encerrada), é lento e não confiável.\nA prática ideal é usar as APIs que os provedores de e-mail oferecem, ou no caso do Facebook, o serviço de ferramentas para desenvolvedores que expõe uma API para criar contas de teste, amigos e assim por diante. Embora usar uma API possa parecer um pouco trabalhoso, você será recompensado em velocidade, confiabilidade e estabilidade. A API também não deve mudar, enquanto as páginas da web e os localizadores de HTML mudam frequentemente e exigem que você atualize sua estrutura de teste.\nLogin em sites de terceiros usando WebDriver em qualquer ponto do seu teste aumenta o risco de seu teste falhar porque torna o teste mais longo. Uma regra geral é que testes mais longos são mais frágeis e não confiáveis.\nImplementações WebDriver que estão em conformidade com W3C também anotam o objeto navigator com uma propriedade WebDriver para que os ataques de negação de serviço possam ser mitigados.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Rotas da Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Status da Grid O status da Grid fornece o estado atual da grid. Consiste em detalhes sobre cada nó registrado. Para cada nó, o status inclui informações sobre a disponibilidade, sessões e slots do nó.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; No modo Standalone, o URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor Hub.\nNo modo totalmente distribuído, a URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor do roteador.\nA URL padrão para todos os modos acima é http://localhost:4444.\nDistribuidor Remover Nó Para remover o Nó da Grid, use o comando cURL listado abaixo. Ele não interrompe nenhuma sessão em andamento em execução nesse nó. O Node continua rodando como está, a menos que seja explicitamente eliminado. O Distribuidor não está mais ciente do Nó e, portanto, qualquer solicitação de nova sessão correspondente não será encaminhado para esse Nó.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL do distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do Distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL é o endereço do servidor Distribuidor.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drenar Nó O comando de drenagem de nó é para desligamento normal de nó. A drenagem para o Node após a conclusão de todas as sessões em andamento. No entanto, ele não aceita novas solicitações de sessão.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL do distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do Distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL é o endereço do servidor Distribuidor.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Nó Os terminais nesta seção são aplicáveis ao modo Hub-Node e ao modo Grid totalmente distribuída, onde o Nó é executado de forma independente. A URL do Nó padrão é http://localhost:5555 no caso de um Nó. No caso de vários Nós, use Grid status para obter todos os detalhes do Nó e localizar o endereço do Nó.\nStatus O status do Nó é essencialmente uma verificação de integridade do Nó. O distribuidor executa ping no status do Nó em intervalos regulares e atualiza o modelo de Grid de acordo. O status inclui informações sobre disponibilidade, sessões e slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drenagem O Distribuidor passa o comando [drain](# drain-node) para o Nó apropriado identificado pelo ID do Nó. Para drenar o Nó diretamente, use o comando cuRL listado abaixo. Ambos as rotas são válidas e produzem o mesmo resultado. Drenar termina as sessões em andamento antes de interromper o Nó.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Checar dono da sessão Para verificar se uma sessão pertence a um Nó, use o comando cURL listado abaixo.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Ele retornará true se a sessão pertencer ao Nó, caso contrário, retornará false.\nDeletar sessão A exclusão da sessão encerra a sessão do WebDriver, fecha o driver e o remove do mapa de sessões ativas. Qualquer solicitação usando o id de sessão removido ou reutilizando a instância do driver gerará um erro.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Fila de Sessão Limpar a Fila de Sessão A Fila de Sessão contém as novas solicitações de sessão. Para limpar a fila, use o comando cURL listado abaixo. Limpar a fila rejeita todas as solicitações na fila. Para cada solicitação, o servidor retorna uma resposta de erro ao respectivo cliente. O resultado do comando clear é o número total de solicitações excluídas.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL queuer é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do enfileirador é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL do enfileirador é o endereço do servidor do Enfileirador de Sessões.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Selenium IDE Legado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução A Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) é a ferramenta que você usa para desenvolver seus casos de teste Selenium. É um plug-in do Firefox fácil de usar e é geralmente a maneira mais eficiente de desenvolver casos de teste. Ela também contém um menu de contexto que permite que você primeiro selecione um elemento de UI do navegador atualmente exibido na página e, em seguida, selecione de uma lista de comandos Selenium com parâmetros predefinidos de acordo com o contexto do elemento de UI selecionado. Isso não é apenas uma economia de tempo, mas também uma excelente maneira de aprender a sintaxe do script Selenium.\nEste capítulo é sobre a Selenium IDE e como usá-la efetivamente.\nInstalando a IDE Usando o Firefox, primeiro, baixe a IDE da página de downloads do SeleniumHQ.\nO Firefox irá protegê-lo contra a instalação de complementos de locais desconhecidos, então você precisará clicar em \u0026ldquo;Permitir\u0026rdquo; para prosseguir com a instalação, conforme mostrado na imagem a seguir.\nAo fazer download do Firefox, você verá a seguinte janela.\nSelecione Instalar Agora. A janela de complementos do Firefox aparece, mostrando primeiro uma barra de progresso, e quando o download for concluído, exibe o seguinte.\nReinicie o Firefox. Após a reinicialização do Firefox, você encontrará a Selenium-IDE listada no menu Ferramentas do Firefox.\nAbrindo a IDE Para executar a Selenium-IDE, simplesmente selecione-a no menu Ferramentas do Firefox. Ela abrirá como segue com uma janela de edição de script vazia e um menu para carregar ou criar novos casos de teste.\nFuncionalidades da IDE Barra de Menu O menu Arquivo tem opções para Caso de Teste e Suíte de Testes (conjunto de casos de teste). Usando isso, você pode adicionar um novo caso de teste, abrir um caso de teste, salvar um caso de teste, e exportar um caso de teste em uma linguagem de sua escolha. Você também pode abrir o caso de teste mais recente. Todas essas opções também estão disponíveis para a suíte de testes.\nO menu Editar permite copiar, colar, excluir, desfazer e selecionar todas as operações para editar os comandos em seu caso de teste. O menu Opções permite a mudança de configurações. Você pode definir o valor de tempo limite para certos comandos, extensões de usuário para o conjunto básico de comandos Selenium e especificar o formato (linguagem) usado ao salvar seus casos de teste. O menu Ajuda é o padrão Menu Ajuda do Firefox; há apenas um item neste menu - Documentação do elemento de UI - pertencente ao Selenium-IDE.\nBarra de Ferramentas A barra de ferramentas contém botões para controlar a execução de seus casos de teste, incluindo um recurso de etapas para depurar seus casos de teste. O botão mais à direita, aquele com o ponto vermelho, é o botão de gravação.\nControle de velocidade: controla a velocidade de execução do seu caso de teste.\nExecutar todos: executa todo a suíte de testes quando uma suíte de testes com vários casos de teste é carregado.\nExecutar: executa o teste atualmente selecionado. Quando apenas um único teste é carregado este botão e o botão Executar todos têm o mesmo efeito.\nPausar/Continuar: permite interromper e reiniciar um caso de teste em execução.\nStep: permite que você \u0026ldquo;avance\u0026rdquo; por um caso de teste, executando um comando de cada vez. Use para depurar casos de teste.\nModo TestRunner: permite que você execute o caso de teste em um navegador carregado com o Selenium-Core TestRunner. O TestRunner não é comumente usado agora e é provável seja descontinuado. Este botão é para avaliar casos de teste para compatibilidade com versões anteriores com o TestRunner. A maioria dos usuários provavelmente não precisará desse botão.\nAplicar regras de Rollup: Este recurso avançado permite sequências repetitivas de comandos do Selenium a serem agrupadas em uma única ação. A documentação detalhada sobre as regras de rollup podem ser encontradas na documentação do Elemento de UI no menu Ajuda.\nPainel de casos de teste Seu script é exibido no painel de casos de teste. Tem duas guias, uma para exibir o comando e seus parâmetros em um formato de “tabela” legível.\nA outra guia - Código Fonte exibe o caso de teste no formato nativo no qual o arquivo será armazenado. Por padrão, é HTML, embora possa ser alterado para uma linguagem de programação como Java ou C#, ou uma linguagem de script como Python. Consulte o menu Opções para obter detalhes. A visualização do Código Fonte também permite editar o caso de teste em sua forma bruta, incluindo operações de copiar, recortar e colar.\nOs campos de entrada de Comando, Destino e Valor exibem o comando atualmente selecionado junto com seus parâmetros. Estes são campos de entrada onde você pode modificar o comando atualmente selecionado. O primeiro parâmetro especificado para um comando na guia Referência do painel inferior sempre vai para o campo Destino. Se um segundo parâmetro é especificado pela guia Referência, ele sempre vai no campo Valor.\nSe você começar a digitar no campo Comando, uma lista suspensa será preenchida com base nos primeiros caracteres que você digitar; você pode então selecionar o comando que deseja no menu suspenso.\nPainel de Log / Referência / Elemento de UI / Rollup O painel inferior é usado para quatro funções diferentes - Log, Referência, Elemento de UI e Rollup - dependendo da guia selecionada.\nLog Quando você executa seu caso de teste, mensagens de erro e mensagens de informação mostrando o progresso são exibidas neste painel automaticamente, mesmo se você não selecionar a guia Log primeiro. Essas mensagens geralmente são úteis para depuração de casos de teste. Observe o botão Limpar para limpar o registro. Observe também que o botão Informações é um drop-down permitindo a seleção de diferentes níveis de informação para registrar.\nReferência A guia Referência é a seleção padrão sempre que você entrar ou modificar comandos e parâmetros Selenium no modo Tabela. No modo Tabela, o painel de Referência exibirá a documentação do comando atual. Ao inserir ou modificar comandos, seja do modo Tabela ou Código Fonte, é criticamente importante garantir que os parâmetros especificados nos campos Destino e Valor correspondem aos especificados na lista de parâmetros do painel Referência. O número de parâmetros fornecidos deve corresponder ao número especificado, a ordem dos parâmetros fornecidos deve corresponder à ordem especificada e os tipos de parâmetros fornecidos devem corresponder aos tipos especificados. Se houver uma incompatibilidade em qualquer uma dessas três áreas, o comando não funcionará corretamente.\nEmbora a guia Referência seja ótima como uma referência rápida, ainda é necessário consultar a documentação de referência do Selenium.\nElemento de UI e Rollup Informações detalhadas sobre esses dois painéis (que abrangem recursos avançados) podem ser encontradas na documentação do Elemento de UI no menu Ajuda do Selenium-IDE.\nConstruindo casos de teste Existem três métodos principais para desenvolver casos de teste. Frequentemente, um desenvolvedor de testes necessita de todas as três técnicas.\nGravando Muitos usuários de primeira viagem começam gravando um caso de teste de suas interações com um site. Quando a Selenium-IDE é aberta pela primeira vez, o botão de gravação é ativado por padrão. Se você não quiser que a Selenium-IDE comece a gravar automaticamente, você pode desligar isso indo em Opções \u0026gt; Opções… e desmarcando “Iniciar gravação imediatamente ao abrir.”\nDurante a gravação, a Selenium-IDE irá inserir comandos automaticamente em seu caso de teste com base em suas ações. Normalmente, isso incluirá:\n clicar em um link - comandos click ou clickAndWait inserir valores - comando type selecionar opções de uma caixa de listagem suspensa - comando select clicar em caixas de seleção ou botões de rádio - comando click  Aqui estão algumas “pegadinhas” para ficar atento:\n O comando type pode exigir o clique em alguma outra área da página da web para começar a gravar. Seguir um link geralmente registra um comando de clique. Frequentemente, você precisará mudar isso para clickAndWait para garantir que seu caso de teste pause até que a nova página seja completamente carregada. Caso contrário, seu caso de teste continuará executando comandos antes que a página carregue todos os seus elementos de UI. Isso causará uma falha de teste inesperada.  Adicionando verificações e asserções com o Menu de Contexto Seus casos de teste também precisarão verificar as propriedades de uma página da web. Isto requer comandos de asserção e verificação. Não descreveremos os detalhes desses comandos aqui; que estão no capítulo sobre Comandos do Selenium - “Selenese”. Aqui vamos simplesmente descrever como adicioná-los ao seu caso de teste.\nCom a gravação da Selenium-IDE, vá para o navegador exibindo sua aplicação de teste e clique com o botão direito em qualquer lugar da página. Você verá um menu de contexto mostrando comandos verificar e/ou declarar.\nNa primeira vez que você usa o Selenium, pode haver apenas um comando Selenium listado. Ao usar a IDE, no entanto, você encontrará comandos adicionais que serão rapidamente adicionados a este menu. A Selenium-IDE tentará prever qual comando, junto com os parâmetros, você precisará para um elemento de interface selecionado na atual página da web.\nVamos ver como isso funciona. Abra uma página da web de sua escolha e selecione um bloco de texto na página. Um parágrafo ou título funcionará bem. Agora, clique com o botão direito no texto selecionado. O menu de contexto deve fornecer um comando verifyTextPresent e o parâmetro sugerido deve ser o próprio texto.\nAlém disso, observe a opção Mostrar Todos os Comandos Disponíveis. Isso mostra muitos, muitos mais comandos, novamente, junto com parâmetros sugeridos, para testar seu elemento de UI atualmente selecionado.\nExperimente mais alguns elementos de UI. Tente clicar com o botão direito em uma imagem ou em um controle de usuário, como um botão ou uma caixa de seleção. Você pode precisar usar Mostrar Todos os Comandos Disponíveis para ver opções diferentes de verifyTextPresent. Depois de selecionar essas outras opções, os mais usados aparecerão no menu de contexto principal. Por exemplo, selecionar verifyElementPresent para uma imagem deve posteriormente fazer com que esse comando esteja disponível no menu de contexto principal na próxima vez que você selecionar uma imagem e clicar com o botão direito.\nNovamente, esses comandos serão explicados em detalhes no capítulo sobre comandos Selenium. Por enquanto, fique à vontade para usar a IDE para gravar e selecionar comandos em um caso de teste e, em seguida, execute-o. Você pode aprender muito sobre os comandos do Selenium simplesmente experimentando com a IDE.\nEditando Inserir comando Visualização Tabela Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comando. No painel de caso de teste, clique com o botão esquerdo na linha onde deseja inserir um novo comando. Clique com o botão direito e selecione Inserir Comando; a IDE irá adicionar um espaço em branco imediatamente à frente da linha que você selecionou. Agora use os campos de edição de texto para inserir seu novo comando e seus parâmetros.\nVisualização Código Fonte Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comando. No painel do caso de teste, clique com o botão esquerdo entre os comandos onde você deseja insira um novo comando e insira as tags HTML necessárias para criar uma linha de 3 colunas contendo o Comando, primeiro parâmetro (se for exigido pelo Comando), e segundo parâmetro (novamente, se for necessário para localizar um elemento) e terceiro parâmetro (novamente, se for necessário ter um valor). Exemplo:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Inserir comentário Comentários podem ser adicionados para tornar seu caso de teste mais legível. Esses comentários são ignorados quando o caso de teste é executado.\nOs comentários também podem ser usados para adicionar espaço em branco vertical (uma ou mais linhas em branco) em seus testes; apenas crie comentários vazios. Um comando vazio causará um erro durante a execução; um comentário vazio, não.\nVisualização Tabela Selecione a linha em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comentário. Clique com o botão direito e selecione Inserir Comentário. Agora use o campo Comando para inserir o comentário. Seu comentário aparecerá em roxo.\nVisualização Código Fonte Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comentário. Adicione um comentário no estilo HTML, ou seja, \u0026lt;!-- seu comentário aqui --\u0026gt;\nEditar um comando ou comentário Visualização Tabela Basta selecionar a linha a ser alterada e editá-la usando os campos de comando, destino, e valor.\nVisualização Código Fonte Uma vez que a visualização do Código Fonte fornece o equivalente a um editor WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), simplesmente modifique a linha que você deseja - comando, parâmetro ou comentário.\nAbrindo e salvando um caso de teste Como a maioria dos programas, existem comandos Salvar e Abrir no menu Arquivo. No entanto, o Selenium distingue entre casos de teste e suítes de teste. Para salvar seus testes Selenium-IDE para uso posterior, você pode salvar os casos de teste individualmente ou salvar a suíte de testes. Se os casos de teste de sua suíte de testes não foram salvos, você será solicitado a salvá-los antes de salvar a suíte.\nQuando você abre um caso de teste ou suíte existente, a Selenium-IDE exibe seu comandos do Selenium no painel de caso de teste.\nExecutando casos de teste A IDE fornece muitas opções para executar seu caso de teste. Você pode executar um caso de teste inteiro de uma vez, parar e iniciar, executar uma linha de cada vez, executar um único comando que você está desenvolvendo atualmente e pode fazer uma execução em lote de uma suíte de testes. A execução de casos de teste é muito flexível na IDE.\nExecutar um caso de teste\nClique no botão Executar para executar o caso de teste mostrado.\nExecutar uma suíte de testes\nClique no botão Executar Todos para executar todos os testes dentro da suíte de testes\nParar e Continuar\nO botão de Pausa pode ser utilizado para parar o caso de teste no meio da sua execução. O ícone do botão então muda para indicar que você pode Continuar. Para continuar, clique nele.\nParar no meio\nVocê pode definir um ponto de interrupção (breakpoint) no caso de teste para que ele pare em um comando específico. Isto é útil para depurar seu teste. Para definir um ponto de interrupção, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e a partir do Menu de Contexto selecione Alternar ponto de interrupção.\nComeçar do meio\nVocê pode preferir que a IDE comece a executar a partir de um comando específico no meio do caso de teste. Isto também pode ser usado para depuração. Para definir um ponto de começo, selecione o comando, clique com o botão direito e a partir do Menu de Contexto selecione Set/Clear Start Point.\nExecute um comando isolado\nDe um duplo-clique em qualquer comando para executá-lo. Isto é útil quando você está escrevendo um único comando. Permite testar imediatamente o comando sendo construído, quando não tem certeza se ele está certo. Você pode dar um duplo-clique para ver se o comando é executado corretamente. Isto também está disponível no Menu de Contexto.\nUsando uma URL base para executar casos de teste em diferentes domínios O campo URL base na parte superior da janela da Selenium-IDE é muito útil para permitir que os casos de teste sejam executados em diferentes domínios. Suponha que um site chamado http://news.portal.com tenha um site beta interno chamado http://beta.news.portal.com. Quaisquer casos de teste para esses sites que começam com um comando open devem especificar uma URL relativa como o argumento para abrir, em vez de uma URL absoluta (começando com um protocolo como http: ou https:). A Selenium-IDE irá então criar uma URL absoluta anexando o argumento do comando open no final do valor da URL base. Por exemplo, o caso de teste abaixo seria executado em http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nEste mesmo caso de teste com uma configuração de URL base modificada seria executado em http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nComandos Selenium – “Selenese” Os comandos do Selenium, muitas vezes chamados de Selenese, são o conjunto de comandos que executam o seu testes. Uma sequência desses comandos é um script de teste. Aqui nós explicamos esses comandos em detalhes, e apresentamos as diversas opções que você tem ao testar a sua aplicação web usando o Selenium.\nSelenium fornece um conjunto rico de comandos para testar totalmente sua aplicação web quase de qualquer maneira que você possa imaginar. O conjunto de comandos é frequentemente chamado de Selenese. Esses comandos criam essencialmente uma linguagem de teste.\nEm Selenese, pode-se testar a existência de elementos de UI com base em suas tags HTML, testar a existência de um conteúdo específico, testar a existência de links quebrados, campos de entrada, opções de lista de seleção, envio de formulários e dados de tabela, entre outras coisas. Além do mais os comandos do Selenium suportam testes de tamanho de janela, posição do mouse, alertas, funcionalidade Ajax, janelas pop-up, tratamento de eventos e muitas outras características de aplicativos da web. A Referência de Comandos lista todos os comandos disponíveis.\nUm comando diz ao Selenium o que fazer. Os comandos do Selenium vêm em três \u0026ldquo;sabores\u0026rdquo;: Ações, Acessores e Asserções.\n  Ações são comandos que geralmente manipulam o estado do aplicativo. Elas fazem coisas como “clicar neste link” e “selecionar essa opção”. Se uma ação falhar ou tiver um erro, a execução do teste atual é interrompida.\nMuitas ações podem ser chamadas com o sufixo \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo;, por ex. “ClickAndWait”. Este sufixo diz ao Selenium que a ação fará com que o navegador faça uma chamada para o servidor, e que o Selenium deve aguardar o carregamento de uma nova página.\n  Acessores examinam o estado do aplicativo e armazenam os resultados em variáveis, por exemplo “StoreTitle”. Eles também são usados para gerar Asserções automaticamente.\n  Asserções são como Acessores, mas verificam se o estado da aplicação está em conformidade com o que é esperado. Os exemplos incluem “certifique-se de que o título da página é X” e “verifique se esta caixa de seleção está marcada”.\n  Todas as asserções do Selenium podem ser usadas em 3 modos: \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;wait for\u0026rdquo;. Por exemplo, você pode usar “assertText”, “verifyText” e “waitForText”. Quando uma asserção falha, o teste é abortado. Quando uma verificação falha, o teste continuará a execução, registrando a falha. Isso permite uma única asserção para certificar-se de que o aplicativo está na página correta, seguido por um monte de verificações para testar os valores dos campos do formulário, rótulos, etc.\nOs comandos \u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026rdquo; aguardam até que alguma condição se torne verdadeira (o que pode ser útil para testar aplicativos Ajax). Eles terão sucesso imediatamente se a condição já é verdadeira. No entanto, eles falharão e interromperão o teste se a condição não se tornar verdadeira dentro da configuração de timeout atual (veja o setTimeout ação abaixo).\nSintaxe do Script Os comandos do Selenium são simples, consistem no comando e em dois parâmetros. Por exemplo:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    Os parâmetros nem sempre são necessários, depende do comando. Em alguns casos ambos são necessários, em outros um parâmetro é necessário, e ainda em outros, o comando pode não ter nenhum parâmetro. Aqui estão mais alguns exemplos:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    A referência de comandos descreve os requisitos de parâmetro para cada comando.\nOs parâmetros variam, mas normalmente são:\n um localizador para identificar um elemento de UI em uma página. um padrão de texto para verificar ou fazer uma asserção do conteúdo esperado da página um padrão de texto ou uma variável Selenium para inserir texto em um campo de entrada ou para selecionar uma opção de uma lista de opções.  Localizadores, padrões de texto, variáveis Selenium e os próprios comandos são descritos em bastante detalhe na seção sobre Comandos do Selenium.\nOs scripts do Selenium que serão executados a partir da Selenium-IDE serão armazenados em um arquivo de texto HTML. Isso consiste em uma tabela HTML com três colunas. A primeira coluna identifica o comando Selenium, a segunda é um alvo e a última coluna contém um valor. A segunda e terceira colunas podem não exigir valores dependendo do comando Selenium escolhido, mas elas devem estar presentes. Cada linha da tabela representa um novo comando Selenium. Aqui está um exemplo de um teste que abre uma página, faz um asserção no título da página e, em seguida, verifica algum conteúdo na página:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Renderizado como uma tabela em um navegador, seria assim:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    A sintaxe HTML Selenese pode ser usada para escrever e executar testes sem exigir conhecimento de uma linguagem de programação. Com um conhecimento básico de Selenese e Selenium-IDE você pode produzir e executar casos de teste rapidamente.\nSuítes de Teste Uma suíte de testes é uma coleção de testes. Frequentemente, você executará todos os testes em uma suite de teste como um trabalho em lote contínuo.\nAo usar a Selenium-IDE, as suítes de testes também podem ser definidas usando um arquivo HTML simples. A sintaxe novamente é simples. Uma tabela HTML define uma lista de testes onde cada linha define o caminho do sistema de arquivos para cada teste. Um exemplo diz tudo.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Um arquivo semelhante a este permitiria executar todos os testes de uma vez, um após o outro, a partir da Selenium-IDE.\nAs suítes de testes também podem ser mantidas ao usar o Selenium-RC. Isso é feito via programação de várias maneiras. Normalmente Junit é usado para manter um conjunto de testes se estiver usando Selenium-RC com Java. Além disso, se C# é a linguagem escolhida, o Nunit pode ser utilizado. Se estiver usando uma linguagem interpretada como Python com Selenium-RC, então alguma programação simples seria envolvida na configuração de uma suíte. Uma vez que o motivo de usar Selenium-RC é se aproveitar da lógica de programação para o seu teste, geralmente não é um problema.\nComandos Selenium usados com frequencia Para concluir nossa introdução ao Selenium, mostraremos alguns comandos típicos. Estes são provavelmente os comandos mais comumente usados para construir testes.\nopen\nabre uma página usando a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nrealiza um clique e opcionalmente aguarda o carregamento de uma nova página.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifica se o título da página é o esperado.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifica se o texto esperado está em algum lugar da página.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifica se o elemento de UI esperado, definido pela tag HTML, está em algum lugar da página.\nverifyText\nverficia se o texto esperado e a tag HTML correspondente estão presentes na página.\nverifyTable\nverifica se o conteúdo da tabela é o esperado.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npausa a execução até que a nova página carregue. Chamado automaticamente quando clickAndWait é utilizado.\nwaitForElementPresent\npausa a execução até que um elemento HTML, definido por sua tag HTML, esteja presenta na página.\nVerificando elementos da página Verificar os elementos de UI em uma página da web é provavelmente o recurso mais comum dos seus testes automatizados. Selenese permite várias maneiras de verificar os elementos de UI. É importante que você entenda esses métodos diferentes porque eles definem o que você está realmente testando.\nPor exemplo, você vai testar se\u0026hellip;\n um elemento está presente em algum lugar da página? um texto específico está em algum lugar da página? um texto específico está em um local específico na página?  Por exemplo, se você estiver testando um título de texto, o texto e sua posição na parte superior da página provavelmente são relevantes para o seu teste. Se, no entanto, você está testando a existência de uma imagem na página inicial, e os web designers frequentemente alteram o arquivo de imagem específico junto com sua posição na página, então você só quer testar se uma imagem (em oposição à um arquivo de imagem específico) existe em algum lugar.\nAsserção ou Verificação? Escolher entre \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; se resume à conveniência e gerenciamento de falhas. Não vale a pena verificar se o primeiro parágrafo da página é correto se o seu teste já falhou ao verificar se o navegador está exibindo a página esperada. Se você não estiver na página correta, você provavelmente vai querer abortar seu caso de teste para poder investigar a causa e corrigir o(s) problema(s) imediatamente. Por outro lado, você pode querer verificar muitos atributos de uma página sem abortar o caso de teste na primeira falha pois isso permitirá que você analise todas as falhas na página e tome a ação apropriada. Efetivamente, um \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; irá falhar no teste e abortar o caso de teste atual, enquanto um \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; irá falhar no teste e continuar a executar o caso de teste.\nO melhor uso desse recurso é agrupar logicamente seus comandos de teste e iniciar cada grupo com um \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; seguido por um ou mais comandos de \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo;. Segue um exemplo:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    O exemplo acima primeiro abre uma página e, em seguida, faz uma asserção para saber se a página correta é carregada comparando o título com o valor esperado. Só se passar, o seguinte comando será executado e verificará se o texto está presente na localização esperada. O caso de teste, então, faz uma asserção para saber se a primeira coluna na segunda linha da primeira tabela contém o valor esperado, e somente se este for aprovado as células restantes nessa linha serão “verificadas”.\nverifyTextPresent O comando verifyTextPresent é usado para verificar se existe um texto específico em algum lugar na página. Leva um único argumento - o texto a ser verificado. Por exemplo:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     Isso faria com que o Selenium procurasse e verificasse que a string de texto “Marketing Analysis” aparece em algum lugar na página que está sendo testada. Use verifyTextPresent quando você está interessado apenas no próprio texto estar presente na página. Não use isso quando você também precisa testar onde o texto está na página.\nverifyElementPresent Use este comando quando precisar testar a presença de um elemento de UI específico, em vez de seu conteúdo. Esta verificação não verifica o texto, apenas a tag HTML. Um uso comum é verificar a presença de uma imagem.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     Este comando verifica se uma imagem, especificada pela existência de uma tag HTML \u0026lt;img\u0026gt;, está presente na página e aparece após uma tag \u0026lt;div\u0026gt; e uma tag \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;. O primeiro (e único) parâmetro é um localizador para informar o comando Selenese de como encontrar o elemento. Os localizadores são explicados na próxima seção.\nverifyElementPresent pode ser usado para verificar a existência de qualquer tag HTML dentro da página. Você pode verificar a existência de links, parágrafos, divisões \u0026lt;div\u0026gt;, etc. Aqui estão mais alguns exemplos.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     Esses exemplos ilustram a variedade de maneiras pelas quais um elemento de UI pode ser testado. Novamente, os localizadores são explicados na próxima seção.\nverifyText Use verifyText quando o texto e seu elemento de UI devem ser testados. verifyText deve usar um localizador. Se você escolher um localizador XPath ou DOM, você pode verificar se um texto específico aparece em um local específico na página em relação a outro componente na página.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Localizando elementos Para muitos comandos do Selenium, um alvo é necessário. Este alvo identifica um elemento no conteúdo do aplicativo da web, e consiste na estratégia de localização seguida pela localização no formato locatorType = location. O tipo de localizador pode ser omitido em muitos casos. Os vários tipos de localizadores são explicados abaixo com exemplos para cada um.\nLocalizando pelo Identificador Este é provavelmente o método mais comum de localização de elementos e é o padrão quando nenhum tipo de localizador reconhecido é usado. Com esta estratégia, o primeiro elemento com o valor do atributo id correspondente ao local será usado. E se nenhum elemento tem um atributo id correspondente, então o primeiro elemento com um atributo name correspondente ao local será usado.\nPor exemplo, o código fonte da sua página pode ter atributos id e name do seguinte modo:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; As seguintes estratégias de localização retornariam os elementos do HTML acima indicado pelo número da linha:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Como o tipo de localizador identifier é o padrão, o identifier = nos primeiros três exemplos acima não é necessário.\nLocalizando pelo id Este tipo de localizador é mais limitado do que o tipo Localizador por Identificador, mas também mais explícito. Use isto quando você souber o atributo id de um elemento.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Localizando pelo name O tipo Localizador de Nome irá localizar o primeiro elemento com um atributo name correspondente. Se vários elementos tiverem o mesmo valor para um atributo name, então você pode usar filtros para refinar ainda mais sua estratégia de localização. O tipo de filtro padrão é value (correspondendo ao atributo value).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Nota: Ao contrário de alguns tipos de localizadores XPath e DOM, os três tipos de localizadores acima permitem que o Selenium teste um elemento de UI independente de sua localização em a página. Portanto, se a estrutura e a organização da página forem alteradas, o teste ainda vai passar. Você pode ou não querer também testar se a página tem mudanças de estrutura. No caso em que os web designers frequentemente alteram a página, mas sua funcionalidade deve ser testada por regressão, testando via id e atributos de nome, ou realmente através de qualquer propriedade HTML, torna-se muito importante.\nLocalizando pelo XPath XPath é a linguagem usada para localizar nós em um documento XML. Como o HTML pode ser uma implementação de XML (XHTML), os usuários do Selenium podem aproveitar esta poderosa linguagem para encontrar elementos em seus aplicativos da web. XPath vai além (bem como apoia) os métodos simples de localização por atributos id ou name e abre todos os tipos de novas possibilidades, como localizar a terceira caixa de seleção na página.\nUma das principais razões para usar XPath é quando você não tem um id adequado ou atributo de nome para o elemento que você deseja localizar. Você pode usar XPath para localizar o elemento em termos absolutos (não recomendado) ou em relação a um elemento que possui um atributo id ou name. Localizadores XPath também podem ser usados para especificar elementos por meio de atributos diferentes de id e name.\nOs XPaths absolutos contêm a localização de todos os elementos da raiz (html) e como resultado, é provável que falhe com apenas o menor ajuste na aplicação. Ao encontrar um elemento próximo com um atributo id ou name (de preferência um elemento pai), você pode localizar seu elemento de destino com base no relacionamento. É muito menos provável que isso mude e pode tornar seus testes mais robustos.\nUma vez que apenas os localizadores xpath começam com \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, não é necessário incluir o rótulo xpath= ao especificar um localizador XPath.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Caminho absoluto (seria quebrado se o HTML sofresse qualquer pequena mudança) //form[1] (3) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; no HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - O elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com um elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - Primeiro elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; do elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; e o atributo \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Quarto elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; do elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  Esses exemplos cobrem alguns princípios básicos, mas para aprender mais, as seguintes referências são recomendadas:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  Existem também alguns complementos do Firefox muito úteis que podem ajudar a descobrir o XPath de um elemento:\n XPath Checker - Pode ser usado para testar os resultados do XPath. Firebug - Sugestões de XPath é apenas um dos muitos recursos poderosos deste complemento muito útil.  Localizando hyperlinks pelo texto do link Este é um método simples de localizar um hiperlink em sua página da web usando o texto do link. Se dois links com o mesmo texto estiverem presentes, então a primeira correspondência será usada.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Localizando pelo DOM O Document Object Model representa um documento HTML e pode ser acessado usando JavaScript. Esta estratégia de localização usa um JavaScript que representa um elemento na página, que pode ser simplesmente a localização do elemento usando a notação hierárquica.\nUma vez que apenas os localizadores dom começam com \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, não é necessário incluir o rótulo dom= ao especificar um localizador DOM.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  Você pode usar o próprio Selenium, bem como outros sites e extensões para explorar o DOM do seu aplicativo da web. Uma boa referência é a W3Schools.\nLocalizando pelo CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) é uma linguagem para descrever a renderização de HTML e documentos XML. CSS usa seletores para vincular propriedades de estilo a elementos no documento. Esses seletores podem ser usados pelo Selenium como outra estratégia de localização.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  Para obter mais informações sobre seletores CSS, o melhor lugar para ir é a publicação do W3C. Você encontrará todas as referências lá.\nLocalizadores implícitos Você pode optar por omitir o tipo de localizador nas seguintes situações:\n  Localizadores sem uma estratégia de localização explicitamente definida utilizará a estratégia de localização padrão. Veja Localizando pelo Identificador.\n  Localizadores começando com \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; usarão a estratégia de localização XPath. Veja Localizando pelo XPath.\n  Os localizadores que começam com \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; usarão a estratégia do localização DOM. Veja Localizando pelo DOM\n  Padrões de texto Como os localizadores, padrões são um tipo de parâmetro frequentemente exigido pelos comandos Selenese. Exemplos de comandos que exigem padrões são verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, e verifyPrompt. E como foi mencionado acima, os localizadores de link podem utilizar um padrão. Os padrões permitem que você descreva, por meio do uso de caracteres especiais, qual texto é esperado em vez de precisar especificar esse texto exatamente.\nExistem três tipos de padrões: globbing, expressões regulares e exato.\nPadrão de Globbing A maioria das pessoas está familiarizada com o uso de globbing em expansão de nome de arquivo em uma linha de comando DOS ou Unix / Linux como ls * .c. Neste caso, globbing é usado para exibir todos os arquivos no diretório atual que terminam com uma extensão .c. Globbing é bastante limitado. Apenas dois caracteres especiais são suportados na implementação do Selenium:\n* que é traduzido como \u0026ldquo;corresponder a qualquer coisa\u0026rdquo;, ou seja, nada, um único caractere ou muitos caracteres.\n[ ] (classe de caracteres) que é traduzido como \u0026ldquo;corresponder a qualquer caractere dentro dos colchetes.\u0026rdquo; Um travessão (hífen) pode ser usado como uma abreviação para especificar um intervalo de caracteres (que são contíguos no conjunto ASCII). Alguns exemplos tornarão clara a funcionalidade de uma classe de caracteres:\n[aeiou] corresponde a qualquer vogal minúscula\n[0-9] corresponde a qualquer dígito\n[a-zA-Z0-9] corresponde a qualquer caractere alfanumérico\nNa maioria dos outros contextos, globbing inclui um terceiro caractere especial, o ?. No entanto, os padrões de globbing do Selenium suportam apenas o asterisco e a classe de caracteres.\nPara especificar um parâmetro de padrão globbing para um comando Selenese, você pode prefixar o padrão com um rótulo glob:. No entanto, já que o padrão globbing é o padrão, você também pode omitir o rótulo e especificar apenas o padrão em si.\nAbaixo está um exemplo de dois comandos que usam padrões globbing. O texto real do link na página que está sendo testada foi \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; usando um padrão em vez do texto exato, o comando click funcionará mesmo se o o texto do link for alterado para \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. O asterisco do padrão glob corresponderá a \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada\u0026rdquo; entre a palavra \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; e a palavra \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     O título real da página acessada clicando no link era \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. Usando um padrão em vez do texto exato, o verifyTitle vai passar enquanto as duas palavras \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; aparecerem (nessa ordem) em qualquer lugar no título da página. Por exemplo, se o proprietário da página encurtar o título apenas para \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo;, o teste ainda seria aprovado. Usar um padrão para um link e um teste simples de que o link funcionou (como o verifyTitle acima faz) pode reduzir bastante a manutenção de tais casos de teste.\nPadrão de Expressões Regulares Os padrões de expressão regular são os mais poderosos dos três tipos de padrões que o Selenese suporta. Expressões regulares também são suportados pela maioria das linguagens de programação de alto nível, muitos editores de texto e uma série de ferramentas, incluindo utilitários grep, sed e awk da linha de comando Linux / Unix. Em Selenese, padrões de expressão regular permitem que um usuário execute muitas tarefas que iriam ser muito difíceis de outra forma. Por exemplo, suponha que seu teste precise garantir que uma determinada célula da tabela contivesse nada além de um número. regexp:[0-9]+ é um padrão simples que corresponderá a um número decimal de qualquer comprimento.\nEnquanto os padrões de Globbing do Selenese suportam apenas o * e [ ] (classe de caracteres), os padrões de expressão regular Selenese oferecem a mesma ampla gama de caracteres especiais que existem em JavaScript. Abaixo está um subconjunto desses caracteres especiais:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . qualquer caractere isolado   [ ] classe de caracteres: qualquer caractere definido dentros dos colchetes   * quantificação: 0 ou mais do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   + quantificação: 1 ou mais do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   ? quantificação: 0 ou 1 do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   {1,5} quantificação: 1 até 5 repetições do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   | alternação: o caractere/grupo na esquerda OU o caractere/grupo na direita   ( ) agrupamento: normalmente usado com alternação e/ou quantificação    Os padrões de expressão regular em Selenese precisam ser prefixados com regexp: ou regexpi:. O primeiro é sensível a maiúsculas e minúsculas; o último não faz distinção entre maiúsculas e minúsculas.\nAlguns exemplos ajudarão a esclarecer como os padrões de expressão regular podem ser usados com comandos Selenese. O primeiro usa o que é provavelmente o padrão de expressão regular mais comumente usado - .* (\u0026ldquo;ponto estrela\u0026rdquo;). Esta sequência de dois caracteres pode ser traduzida como \u0026ldquo;0 ou mais ocorrências de qualquer caractere\u0026rdquo; ou, mais simplesmente, \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada.\u0026rdquo; É o equivalente do padrão globbing de um caractere * (um único asterisco).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     O exemplo acima é funcionalmente equivalente ao exemplo anterior que usou padrões de globbing para este mesmo teste. As únicas diferenças são o prefixo (regexp: em vez de glob:) e o padrão \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada\u0026rdquo; (.* em vez de apenas *).\nO exemplo mais complexo abaixo testa que a página de clima do Yahoo! para Anchorage, Alasca, contém informações sobre o horário do nascer do sol:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Vamos examinar a expressão regular acima em partes:\n         Sunrise: * A string Sunrise: seguida por 0 ou mais espaços   [0-9]{1,2} 1 ou 2 dígitos (para a hora do dia)   : O caractere : (sem caracteres especiais envolvidos)   [0-9]{2} 2 dígitos (para os minutos) seguidos de um espaço   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; seguido por \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am ou pm)    Padrão Exato O tipo de padrão exato do Selenium é de utilidade marginal. Ele não usa nenhum caractere especial. Então, se você precisasse procurar um caractere de asterisco real (que é especial para globbing e padrões de expressão regular), o padrão exato seria uma maneira fazer isso. Por exemplo, se você quiser selecionar um item rotulado \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026rdquo; em uma lista suspensa, o código a seguir pode funcionar ou não. O asterisco no padrão glob:Real* irá corresponder a qualquer coisa ou a nada. Portanto, se houvesse uma opção de seleção anterior rotulada \u0026ldquo;Números reais\u0026rdquo;, ser a opção selecionada em vez da opção \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026quot;.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    A fim de garantir que o item \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026rdquo; seja selecionado, o prefixo exact: pode ser usado para criar um padrão exato conforme mostrado abaixo:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    Mas o mesmo efeito pode ser alcançado escapando o asterisco em um padrão de expressão regular:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    É bastante improvável que a maioria dos testadores precise procurar um asterisco ou um conjunto de colchetes com caracteres dentro deles (a classe de caracteres para padrões globbing). Assim, os padrões de globbing e os padrões de expressão regular são suficientes para a grande maioria de nós.\nOs comandos \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; A diferença entre um comando e sua alternativa AndWait é que o comando regular (por exemplo, click) fará a ação e continuará com o seguinte comando o mais rápido possível, enquanto a alternativa AndWait (por exemplo, clickAndWait) diz ao Selenium para esperar que a página carregue após a ação ter sido realizada.\nA alternativa AndWait é sempre usada quando a ação faz com que o navegador navegue para outra página ou recarregue a atual.\nEsteja ciente, se você usar um comando AndWait para uma ação que não aciona uma navegação/atualização, seu teste falhará. Isto acontece porque o Selenium alcançará o timeout de AndWait sem ver nenhuma navegação ou atualização sendo feita, fazendo com que o Selenium lance uma exceção de timeout.\nOs comandos waitFor em aplicações Ajax Em aplicações web orientadas a AJAX, os dados são recuperados do servidor sem atualização da página. Usar os comandos AndWait não funcionará porque a página não é realmente atualizada. Pausar a execução do teste por um determinado período de tempo também não é uma boa abordagem, pois o elemento da web pode aparecer mais tarde ou antes do período estipulado dependendo da capacidade de resposta do sistema, carga ou outros fatores descontrolados do momento, levando a falhas de teste. A melhor abordagem seria esperar pelo elemento necessário em um período dinâmico e então continuar a execução assim que o elemento for encontrado.\nIsso é feito usando comandos waitFor, como waitForElementPresent ou waitForVisible, que espera dinamicamente, verificando a condição desejada a cada segundo e continuando para o próximo comando no script assim que a condição for atendida.\nSequências de avaliação e controle de fluxo Quando um script é executado, ele simplesmente é executado em sequência, um comando após o outro.\nSelenese, por si só, não suporta declarações de condição (if-else, etc.) ou iteração (for, while, etc.). Muitos testes úteis podem ser realizados sem fluxo de controle. No entanto, para um teste funcional de conteúdo dinâmico, possivelmente envolvendo múltiplas páginas, a lógica de programação é frequentemente necessária.\nQuando o controle de fluxo é necessário, existem três opções:\na) Execute o script usando Selenium-RC e uma biblioteca cliente, como Java ou PHP para utilizar os recursos de controle de fluxo da linguagem de programação.\nb) Execute um pequeno fragmento de JavaScript de dentro do script usando o comando storeEval.\nc) Instale a extensão goto_sel_ide.js.\nA maioria dos testadores exportará o script de teste para um arquivo de linguagem de programação que usa a API Selenium-RC (consulte o capítulo Selenium-IDE). No entanto, algumas organizações preferem executar seus scripts a partir do Selenium-IDE sempre que possível (por exemplo, quando eles têm muitas pessoas de nível júnior executando testes para eles, ou quando as habilidades de programação estão em falta). Se este for o seu caso, considere um snippet de JavaScript ou a extensão goto_sel_ide.js.\nComandos de armazenamento e variáveis Selenium Você pode usar variáveis Selenium para armazenar constantes no início de um script. Além disso, quando combinado com um design de teste baseado em dados (discutido em uma seção posterior), as variáveis Selenium podem ser usadas para armazenar valores passados para o seu programa de teste da linha de comando, de outro programa ou de um arquivo.\nO comando store é o mais básico dos muitos comandos de armazenamento e pode ser usado para simplesmente armazenar um valor constante em uma variável Selenium. Leva dois parâmetros, o valor do texto a ser armazenado e uma variável Selenium. Use as convenções de nomenclatura de variável padrão de apenas caracteres alfanuméricos quando escolher um nome para sua variável.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Posteriormente em seu script, você desejará usar o valor armazenado de sua variável. Para acessar o valor de uma variável, coloque a variável em colchetes ({}) e preceda-a com um cifrão como a seguir.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    Um uso comum de variáveis é armazenar a entrada para um campo input.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Variáveis Selenium podem ser usadas no primeiro ou segundo parâmetro e são interpretadas pelo Selenium antes de quaisquer outras operações realizadas pelo comando. Uma variável Selenium também pode ser usada em uma expressão de localização.\nExiste um comando de armazenamento equivalente para cada comando de verificação e asserção. Aqui são alguns comandos de armazenamento mais comumente usados.\nstoreElementPresent Isso corresponde a verifyElementPresent. Ele simplesmente armazena um valor booleano - \u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo; - dependendo se o elemento de UI for encontrado.\nstoreText StoreText corresponde a verifyText. Ele usa um localizador para identificar um texto específico na página. O texto, se encontrado, é armazenado na variável. StoreText pode ser usado para extrair texto da página que está sendo testada.\nstoreEval Este comando leva um script como seu primeiro parâmetro. A incorporação de JavaScript no Selenese é abordada na próxima seção. StoreEval permite que o teste armazene o resultado da execução do script em uma variável.\nJavaScript e parâmetros Selenese JavaScript pode ser usado com dois tipos de parâmetros Selenese: script e não-script (geralmente expressões). Na maioria dos casos, você deseja acessar e/ou manipular uma variável de caso de teste dentro do snippet JavaScript usado como um parâmetro Selenese. Todas as variáveis criadas em seu caso de teste são armazenadas em um array associativo JavaScript. Uma matriz associativa tem índices de string em vez de índices numéricos sequenciais. A matriz associativa contendo as variáveis do seu caso de teste é chamada storedVars. Sempre que você quiser acessar ou manipular uma variável em um snippet de JavaScript, você deve consultá-la como storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nUsando JavaScript com parâmetros de script Vários comandos Selenese especificam um parâmetro script incluindo assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval e waitForEval. Esses parâmetros não requerem sintaxe especial. Um usuário da Selenium-IDE simplesmente colocaria um snippet de código JavaScript no campo apropriado, normalmente o campo Target (porque um parâmetro script é normalmente o primeiro ou único parâmetro).\nO exemplo abaixo ilustra como um snippet de JavaScript pode ser usado para realizar um cálculo numérico simples:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    Este próximo exemplo ilustra como um snippet de JavaScript pode incluir chamadas para métodos, neste caso, os métodos toUpperCase e toLowerCasedo objeto JavaScript String.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    Usando JavaScript com parâmetros não-script JavaScript também pode ser usado para ajudar a gerar valores para parâmetros, mesmo quando o parâmetro não é especificado para ser do tipo script. No entanto, neste caso, uma sintaxe especial é necessária - o parâmetro inteiro deve ser prefixado por javascript{ com um } final, que envolve o snippet JavaScript, como em javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Abaixo está um exemplo em que o segundo parâmetro do comando type\n value - é gerado através do código JavaScript usando esta sintaxe especial:     Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - O comando de print do Selenese Selenese tem um comando simples que permite imprimir texto para a saída do seu teste. Isso é útil para fornecer notas de progresso informativas em seu teste que são exibidas no console durante a execução. Essas notas também podem ser usadas para fornecer contexto em seus relatórios de resultados de teste, o que pode ser útil para descobrir onde existe um defeito em uma página, caso seu teste encontre um problema. Finalmente, declarações echo podem ser usadas para imprimir o conteúdo de variáveis Selenium.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alertas, Popups e Múltiplas Janelas Suponha que você esteja testando uma página semelhante a esta.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; O usuário deve responder às caixas de alerta / confirmação, bem como mover o foco para as novas janelas pop-up abertas. Felizmente, o Selenium pode cobrir pop-ups de JavaScript.\nMas antes de começarmos a abordar alertas / confirmações / solicitações em detalhes individuais, é útil compreender a semelhança entre eles. Alertas, caixas de confirmação e todos os prompts têm variações do seguinte\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) gera erro se o padrão não corresponder ao texto do pop-up   assertFooPresent gera erro se o pop-up estiver presente   assertFooNotPresent gera um erro se algum pop-up não estiver presente   storeFoo(variable) armazena o texto do pop-up em uma variável   storeFooPresent(variable) armazena o texto do pop-up em uma variável e retorna verdadeiro ou falso    Ao executar no Selenium, pop-ups de JavaScript não aparecerão. Isto é porque as chamadas de função são realmente substituídas em tempo de execução pelo próprio JavaScript do Selenium. No entanto, só porque você não pode ver o pop-up, não significa que você não tem que lidar com isso. Para lidar com um pop-up, você deve chamar sua função assertFoo(padrão). Se você falhar em fazer a asserção da presença de um pop-up, seu próximo comando será bloqueado e você obterá um erro semelhante ao seguinte [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlertas Vamos começar com alertas porque eles são os pop-ups mais simples de lidar. Para começar, abra o exemplo de HTML acima em um navegador e clique no botão \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo;. Você vai observar que, depois de fechar o alerta, o texto \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; é exibido na página. Agora execute as mesmas etapas com a gravação da Selenium IDE e verifique que o texto é adicionado após fechar o alerta. Seu teste será parecido com este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     Você pode estar pensando: \u0026ldquo;Isso é estranho, nunca tentei fazer uma asserção nesse alerta.\u0026rdquo; Mas isso é a Selenium-IDE manipulando e fechando o alerta para você. Se você remover essa etapa e repetir o teste você obterá o seguinte erro [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. Você deve incluir uma asserção do alerta para reconhecer sua presença.\nSe você apenas deseja verificar que um alerta está presente, mas não sabe ou não se importa o texto que ele contém, você pode usar assertAlertPresent. Isso retornará verdadeiro ou falso, sendo que falso faz o teste parar.\nConfirmações As confirmações se comportam da mesma forma que os alertas, com assertConfirmation e assertConfirmationPresent oferecendo as mesmas características de suas contrapartes de alerta. No entanto, por padrão, o Selenium selecionará OK quando uma confirmação for exibida. Tente gravar clicando no botão \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; na página de amostra, mas clique no botão \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; no pop-up e, em seguida, confirme o texto de saída. Seu teste pode ser semelhante a este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     A função chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation diz ao Selenium que todas as seguintes confirmações devem retornar falso. Ela pode ser redefinido chamando chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nVocê vai notar que não pode repetir este teste, porque o Selenium reclama que há uma confirmação não tratada. Isso ocorre porque a ordem dos registros de eventos do Selenium-IDE faz com que o clique e chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation sejam colocados na ordem errada (faz sentido se você pensar sobre isso, o Selenium não pode saber que você está cancelando antes de abrir uma confirmação). Simplesmente troque esses dois comandos e seu teste funcionará bem.\nPrompts Os prompts se comportam da mesma forma que os alertas, com assertPrompt e assertPromptPresent oferecendo as mesmas características que suas contrapartes de alerta. Por padrão, o Selenium irá esperar você inserir dados quando o prompt for exibido. Tente gravar clicando no botão \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; na página de amostra e digite \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; no prompt. Seu teste pode ser semelhante a este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     Se você escolher \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; no prompt, poderá observar que answerOnNextPrompt simplesmente mostrará um alvo em branco. Selenium trata o cancelamento e uma entrada em branco no prompt basicamente como a mesma coisa.\nDepuração Depurar significa encontrar e corrigir erros em seu caso de teste. Isso é normal e parte do desenvolvimento.\nNão vamos ensinar depuração aqui, pois a maioria dos novos usuários do Selenium já terá alguma experiência básica com depuração. Se isso for novo para você, recomendamos que você pergunte a um dos desenvolvedores em sua organização.\nPontos de interrupção e pontos de começo O Sel-IDE suporta a configuração de pontos de interrupção e a capacidade de iniciar e interromper a execução de um caso de teste, de qualquer ponto dele. Ou seja, você pode executar até um comando específico no meio do caso de teste e inspecionar como o caso de teste se comporta nesse ponto. Para fazer isso, defina um ponto de interrupção no comando imediatamente antes daquele a ser examinado.\nPara definir um ponto de interrupção, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e no menu de contexto selecione Alternar ponto de interrupção (Toggle Breakpoint, em inglês). Em seguida, clique no botão Executar para executar seu caso de teste do início ao ponto de interrupção.\nÀs vezes também é útil executar um caso de teste de algum lugar no meio para o final ou até um ponto de interrupção após o ponto de partida. Por exemplo, suponha que seu caso de teste primeiro faz login no site e depois executa uma série de testes e você está tentando depurar um desses testes. No entanto, você só precisa fazer o login uma vez, mas precisa continuar executando novamente o seu teste conforme você o desenvolve. Você pode fazer o login uma vez e, em seguida, executar seu caso de teste de um ponto de início colocado após a parte de login do seu caso de teste. Isso vai evitar que você tenha que fazer logout manualmente sempre que executar novamente.\nPara definir um ponto de partida, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e do contexto no menu selecione Definir / Limpar Ponto Inicial (Set/Clear Start Point, em inglês). Em seguida, clique no botão Executar para executar o caso de teste começando naquele ponto inicial.\nAvançando por etapas em um caso de teste Para executar um caso de teste, um comando de cada vez (\u0026ldquo;percorrê-lo\u0026rdquo;), siga estes passos:\n  Inicie o caso de teste em executando com o botão Executar na barra de ferramentas.\n  Pare imediatamente o caso de teste em execução com o botão Pausar.\n  Selecione repetidamente o botão Etapa.\n  Botão Localizar O botão Localizar é usado para ver qual elemento da interface do usuário atualmente exibido página da web (no navegador) é usado no comando Selenium atualmente selecionado. Isso é útil ao construir um localizador para o primeiro parâmetro de um comando (consulte a seção sobre: ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; no capítulo Comandos do Selenium). Ele pode ser usado com qualquer comando que identifica um elemento de UI em uma página da web, ou seja, click, clickAndWait, type e certos comandos assert e verify, entre outros.\nNa visualização de Tabela, selecione qualquer comando que tenha um parâmetro localizador. Clique no botão Localizar. Agora olhe na página da web: deve haver um retângulo verde brilhante envolvendo o elemento especificado pelo parâmetro localizador.\nCódigo Fonte da página para depuração Muitas vezes, ao depurar um caso de teste, você simplesmente deve olhar para o código fonte da página (o HTML da página da web que você está tentando testar) para determinar um problema. O Firefox torna isso mais fácil. Simplesmente clique com o botão direito na página da web e selecione \u0026lsquo;Exibir-\u0026gt; Código-fonte da página. O HTML é aberto em uma janela separada. Use seu recurso de pesquisa (Editar =\u0026gt; Encontrar) para procurar uma palavra-chave para encontrar o HTML do elemento de UI que você está tentando testar.\nComo alternativa, selecione apenas a parte da página da web para a qual deseja ver o código fonte. Em seguida, clique com o botão direito na página da web e selecione Exibir Código Fonte da Seleção. Neste caso, a janela HTML separada conterá apenas uma pequena quantidade de código fonte, com destaque na parte que representa a sua seleção.\nAssistência de localizador Sempre que a Selenium-IDE registra um argumento do tipo localizador, ela armazena informações adicionais que permitem ao usuário visualizar outros possíveis argumentos do tipo localizador que podem ser usados em seu lugar. Este recurso pode ser muito útil para aprender mais sobre localizadores e muitas vezes é necessário para ajudar a construir um tipo de localizador diferente do tipo que foi registrado.\nEsta assistência do localizador é apresentada na janela Selenium-IDE como um menu suspenso acessível na extremidade direita do campo Destino (Target, em inglês) (somente quando o campo Destino contém um argumento do tipo localizador registrado). Abaixo está uma captura de tela mostrando o conteúdo desse menu suspenso para um comando. Observe que a primeira coluna do menu suspenso fornece localizadores alternativos, enquanto a segunda coluna indica o tipo de cada alternativa.\nProgramando uma suíte de testes Uma suíte de testes é uma coleção de casos de teste que é exibida no painel mais à esquerda na IDE. O painel da suíte de testes pode ser aberto ou fechado manualmente selecionando um pequeno ponto no meio da borda direita do painel (que é a borda esquerda da janela inteira da Selenium-IDE se o painel estiver fechado).\nO painel da suíte de testes será aberto automaticamente quando uma suíte de testes existente é aberta ou quando o usuário seleciona o item Novo Caso de Teste (New Test Case, em inglês) no menu Arquivo. Neste último caso, o novo caso de teste aparecerá imediatamente abaixo do caso de teste anterior.\nA Selenium-IDE também suporta o carregamento de casos de teste pré-existentes usando Arquivo -\u0026gt; Adicionar Caso de Teste. Isso permite que você adicione casos de teste existentes a um novo conjunto de testes.\nUm arquivo de suíte de testes é um arquivo HTML que contém uma tabela de uma coluna. Cada célula de cada linha na seção  contém um link para um caso de teste. O exemplo abaixo é de um conjunto de testes contendo quatro casos de teste:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Observação: os arquivos do caso de teste não devem ser colocados no mesmo local do arquivo do conjunto de testes que os invoca. E em sistemas Mac OS e Linux, esse é realmente o caso. No entanto, no momento em que este livro foi escrito, um bug impedia os usuários do Windows de ser capaz de colocar os casos de teste em outro lugar que não com o conjunto de testes que os invoca.\nExtensões de usuário As extensões de usuário são arquivos JavaScript que permitem criar as suas próprias personalizações e recursos para adicionar funcionalidade adicional. Frequentemente, isso está na forma de comandos personalizados, embora esta extensibilidade não se limite a comandos adicionais.\nExistem várias extensões úteis criadas por usuários.\nIMPORTANTE: ESTA SEÇÃO ESTÁ DESATUALIZADA - REVISAREMOS EM BREVE.\n extensões: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  Extensão goto_sel_ide.js:\nTalvez a mais popular de todas as extensões da Selenium-IDE é aquela que fornece controle de fluxo na forma de loops while e condicionais primitivas. Esta extensão é a goto_sel_ide.js_. Para um exemplo de como usar a funcionalidade fornecida por esta extensão, veja a página criada pelo autor.\nPara instalar esta extensão, coloque o nome do caminho da extensão em seu computador no campo Selenium Core extensions da Selenium-IDE Opções =\u0026gt; Opções =\u0026gt; Geral.\nDepois de selecionar o botão OK, você deve fechar e reabrir a Selenium-IDE para que o arquivo de extensões seja lido. Qualquer mudança que você fizer em uma extensão também exigirá que você feche e reabra a Selenium-IDE.\nInformações sobre como escrever suas próprias extensões podem ser encontradas perto da parte inferior do documento Selenium Reference.\nÀs vezes, pode ser muito útil depurar passo a passo a Selenium IDE e sua Extensão do usuário. O único depurador que parece capaz de depurar as extensões baseadas em XUL / Chrome é o Venkman, que é suportada no Firefox até a versão 32 (incluída). A depuração passo a passo foi verificada para funcionar com Firefox 32 e Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormato Formato, no menu Opções, permite que você selecione uma linguagem para salvar e exibir o caso de teste. O padrão é HTML.\nSe você for usar Selenium-RC para executar seus casos de teste, este recurso é usado para traduzir seu caso de teste em uma linguagem de programação. Selecione a linguagem, por exemplo Java ou PHP, que você usará com Selenium-RC para o desenvolvimento dos seus programas de teste. Em seguida, simplesmente salve o caso de teste usando Arquivo =\u0026gt; Exportar Caso de Teste Como. Seu caso de teste será traduzido para uma série de funções na linguagem que você escolher. Essencialmente, o código do programa que suporta o seu teste é gerado para você por Selenium-IDE.\nAlém disso, observe que se o código gerado não atender às suas necessidades, você pode alterar editando um arquivo de configuração que define o processo de geração. Cada linguagem com suporte possui definições de configuração que podem ser editadas. Isto está em Opções =\u0026gt; Opções =\u0026gt; Formatos.\nExecutando testes da Selenium-IDE em diferentes navegadores Embora o Selenium-IDE só possa executar testes no Firefox, os testes desenvolvidos com Selenium-IDE podem ser executados em outros navegadores, usando uma interface de linha de comando simples que invoca o servidor Selenium-RC. Este tópico é abordado na seção: ref: Executar testes Selenese \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; no capítulo Selenium-RC. A opção de linha de comando -htmlSuite é o recurso específico de interesse.\nSolução de problemas Abaixo está uma lista de pares de imagem / explicação que descrevem fontes de problemas com Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nEsta mensagem pode ser exibida ocasionalmente na guia Tabela quando a Selenium IDE é lançada. A solução alternativa é fechar e reabrir a Selenium IDE. Veja a issue 1008. Para maiores informações. Se você é capaz de reproduzir isso de forma confiável, por favor forneça detalhes para que possamos trabalhar em uma correção.\n error loading test case: no command found\nVocê usou File =\u0026gt; Open para tentar abrir um arquivo de suíte de testes. Use File =\u0026gt; Open Test Suite em vez disso.\nUma solicitação de aprimoramento foi levantada para melhorar esta mensagem de erro. Veja a issue 1010.\n Este tipo de erro pode indicar um problema de tempo, ou seja, o elemento especificado por um localizador em seu comando não foi totalmente carregado quando o comando foi executado. Tente colocar um pause 5000 antes do comando para determinar se o problema está realmente relacionado ao tempo. Em caso afirmativo, investigue usando um comando waitFor* ou *AndWait apropriado antes do comando com falha.\n Sempre que sua tentativa de usar a substituição de variável falha, como é o caso para o comando open acima, isso indica que você não criou realmente a variável cujo valor você está tentando acessar. Isto é às vezes devido a colocar a variável no campo Valor quando deve estar no campo Destino ou vice-versa. No exemplo acima, os dois parâmetros para o comando store foram erroneamente colocados na ordem inversa do que é necessário. Para qualquer comando Selenese, o primeiro parâmetro obrigatório deve ir no campo Destino e o segundo parâmetro obrigatório (se houver) deve ir no campo Valor.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nUm dos casos de teste em seu conjunto de testes não pode ser encontrado. Certifique-se de que o caso de teste está realmente localizado onde o conjunto de testes indica que ele está localizado. Além disso, certifique-se de que seus arquivos de caso de teste tenham a extensão .html em seus nomes de arquivo e no arquivo de suíte de testes onde são referenciados.\nUma solicitação de aprimoramento foi levantada para melhorar esta mensagem de erro. Veja a issue 1011.\n O conteúdo do seu arquivo de extensão não foi lido pela Selenium-IDE. Certifique-se de ter especificado o nome do caminho adequado para o arquivo de extensões via Options =\u0026gt; Options =\u0026gt; General no campo Selenium Core extensions. Além disso, a Selenium-IDE deve ser reiniciada após qualquer alteração em um arquivo de extensões ou no conteúdo do campo Selenium Core extensions.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Simulação de serviços externos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminar as dependências de serviços externos melhorará muito a velocidade e estabilidade de seus testes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Sobre esta documentação","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Essa documentação, como o próprio código, são mantidos 100% por voluntários dentro da comunidade Selenium. Muitos têm usado desde o seu início, mas muitos mais o usam há pouco tempo, e dedicaram seu tempo para ajudar a melhorar a experiência de integração para novos usuários.\nSe houver algum problema com a documentação, queremos saber! A melhor maneira de comunicar um problema é visitar https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues e pesquise se o problema já foi ou não arquivado. Se não, fique à vontade para abrir um!\nMuitos membros da comunidade frequentam o canal Libera #selenium em Libera.chat. Sinta-se à vontade para entrar e fazer perguntas e se você receber ajuda que você acha que poderia ser útil nessa documentação, certifique-se de adicionar sua contribuição! Podemos atualizar essa documentação, mas é muito mais fácil para todos quando recebemos contribuições de fora dos committers normais.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Classes de suporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"As classes de suporte do WebDriver são fornecidas para simplificar a manutenção do seu código. Eles fornecem uma boa abstração para fazer a modelagem de elemento(s) HTML como objetos de domínio mais fáceis, também fornecendo métodos auxiliares para tornar o uso de tais objetos fácil de se pensar. Vamos aprender sobre:\n Estratégias de localizador Eventos LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Vamos começar:\nThreadGuard  Esta classe está disponível apenas no Java Binding\n ThreadGuard verifica se um driver é chamado apenas da mesma thread que o criou. Problemas de threading, especialmente durante a execução de testes em paralelo, podem ter erros misteriosos e difíceis de diagnosticar. Usar este wrapper evita esta categoria de erros e gerará uma exceção quando isso acontecer.\nO exemplo a seguir simula um conflito de threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) criou este driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) está chamando o mesmo driver causando o conflito  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } O resultado mostrado abaixo:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Conforme visto no exemplo:\n protectedDriver será criado no tópico principal Usamos Java Runnable para ativar um novo processo e uma nova Thread para executar o processo Ambas as Threads entrarão em conflito porque a thread principal não tem protectedDriver em sua memória. ThreadGuard.protect lançará uma exceção.  Nota: Isso não substitui a necessidade de usar ThreadLocal para gerenciar drivers durante a execução em paralelo.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dependência entre testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Uma ideia comum e um equívoco sobre o teste automatizado é sobre uma ordem de testes específica. Seus testes devem ser executados em qualquer ordem, e não depender da conclusão de outros testes para ter sucesso.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Relatórios melhorados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O Selenium não foi projetado para relatar sobre o status de casos de teste. Aproveitar os recursos de relatórios integrados de frameworks de teste unitários é um bom começo. A maioria dos frameworks de teste unitários podem gerar relatórios formatados em xUnit ou HTML. Relatórios xUnit são populares para importar resultados para um servidor de integração contínua (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Aqui estão alguns links para obter mais informações sobre resultados de relatórios em vários idiomas.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Servidor do WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O servidor sempre será executado na máquina com o navegador que você deseja testar. O servidor pode ser usado a partir da linha de comando ou por meio de configuração de código.\nIniciando o servidor a partir da linha de comando Depois de fazer o download do selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, coloque-o no computador com o navegador que deseja testar. Então, a partir do diretório com o jar, execute o seguinte:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerações para executar o servidor O chamador deve encerrar cada sessão adequadamente, chamando ou Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit.\nO selenium-server mantém registros na memória para cada sessão em andamento, que são apagados quando Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit é chamado. E se você se esquecer de encerrar essas sessões, seu servidor pode vazar memória. E se você mantém sessões de duração extremamente longa, você provavelmente precisará parar / sair de vez em quando (ou aumentar a memória com a opção -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (a partir da versão 2.21) O servidor tem dois timeouts diferentes, que podem ser definidos da seguinte forma:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controla por quanto tempo o navegador pode travar (valor em segundos).   timeout  Controla por quanto tempo o cliente pode ficar fora antes que a sessão seja recuperada (valor em segundos).    A propriedade do sistema selenium.server.session.timeout não é mais compatível a partir da versão 2.21.\nObserve que o browserTimeout destina-se a ser um mecanismo de timeout de backup quando o mecanismo de timeout comum falha, e deve ser usado principalmente em ambientes de Grid / servidor para garantir que processos travados / perdidos não permaneçam por muito tempo poluindo o ambiente de execução.\nConfigurando o servidor programaticamente Em teoria, o processo é tão simples quanto mapear o DriverServlet para uma URL, mas também é possível hospedar a página em um formato leve de container, como Jetty, configurado inteiramente em código.\n Baixe o selenium-server.zip e descompacte. Coloque os JARs no CLASSPATH. Crie uma nova classe chamada AppServer. Aqui, estamos usando Jetty, então você precisará baixar isso também:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver O WebDriver manipula um navegador nativamente, como um usuário faria, seja localmente ou em uma máquina remota usando o servidor Selenium, marca um salto em termos de automação do navegador.\nSelenium WebDriver refere-se a ambas as ligações de linguagem e as implementações do código de controle do navegador individual. Isso é comumente referido como apenas WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver é uma recomendação W3C\n  WebDriver é projetado como uma interface de programação simples e mais concisa.\n  WebDriver é uma API compacta orientada a objetos.\n  Ele manipula o navegador de forma eficaz.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver fornece uma API para trabalhar com os três tipos nativos de mensagens pop-up oferecidas pelo JavaScript. Esses pop-ups são estilizados pelo navegador e oferecem personalização limitada.\nAlertas O mais simples deles é referido como um alerta, que mostra um mensagem personalizada e um único botão que dispensa o alerta, rotulado na maioria dos navegadores como OK. Ele também pode ser dispensado na maioria dos navegadores pressionando o botão Fechar, mas isso sempre fará a mesma coisa que o botão OK. Veja um exemplo de alerta .\nO WebDriver pode obter o texto do pop-up e aceitar ou dispensar esses alertas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirmação Uma caixa de confirmação é semelhante a um alerta, exceto que o usuário também pode escolher cancelar a mensagem. Veja uma amostra de confirmação .\nEste exemplo também mostra uma abordagem diferente para armazenar um alerta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Os prompts são semelhantes às caixas de confirmação, exceto que também incluem um texto de entrada. Semelhante a trabalhar com elementos de formulário, você pode usar o sendKeys do WebDriver para preencher uma resposta. Isso substituirá completamente o espaço de texto de exemplo. Pressionar o botão Cancelar não enviará nenhum texto. Veja um exemplo de prompt .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Evite compartilhamento de estado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Embora mencionado em vários lugares, vale a pena mencionar novamente. Garanta que os testes são isolados uns dos outros.\n  Não compartilhe dados de teste. Imagine vários testes em que cada um consulta o banco de dados para pedidos válidos antes de escolher um para executar uma ação. Caso dois testes peguem a mesma ordem, provavelmente você obterá um comportamento inesperado.\n  Limpe dados desatualizados no aplicativo que podem ser obtidos por outro teste, por exemplo registros de pedidos inválidos.\n  Crie uma nova instância do WebDriver por teste. Isso ajuda a garantir o isolamento do teste e torna a paralelização mais simples.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Teste de performance/desempenho","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Teste de desempenho usando Selenium e WebDriver geralmente não é recomendado. Não porque é incapaz, mas porque não é otimizado para o trabalho e é improvável que você obtenha bons resultados.\nPode parecer ideal para teste de desempenho no contexto do usuário, mas um conjunto de testes WebDriver estão sujeitos a muitos pontos de fragilidade externa e interna que estão além do seu controle; por exemplo, velocidade de inicialização do navegador, velocidade dos servidores HTTP, resposta de servidores de terceiros que hospedam JavaScript ou CSS, e a penalidade de instrumentação da própria implementação do WebDriver. A variação nesses pontos causará variação em seus resultados. É difícil separar a diferença entre o desempenho do seu site e o desempenho de recursos externos, e também é difícil dizer qual é a penalidade de desempenho para usar WebDriver no navegador, especialmente se você estiver injetando scripts.\nA outra atração potencial é \u0026ldquo;economizar tempo\u0026rdquo; - execução de testes funcionais e de desempenho ao mesmo tempo. No entanto, os testes funcionais e de desempenho têm objetivos opostos. Para testar a funcionalidade, um testador pode precisar ser paciente e aguarde o carregamento, mas isso irá turvar os resultados do teste de desempenho e vice-versa.\nPara melhorar o desempenho do seu site, você precisará ser capaz de analisar o desempenho geral independente das diferenças de ambiente, identificar práticas de código ruins, repartição do desempenho de recursos individuais (ou seja, CSS ou JavaScript), para saber o que melhorar. Existem ferramentas de teste de desempenho disponíveis que podem fazer este trabalho, que fornecem relatórios e análises, e podem até fazer sugestões de melhorias.\nPacotes de exemplo (código aberto) a serem usados ​​são: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Trabalhando com cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um cookie é um pequeno pedaço de dado enviado de um site e armazenado no seu computador. Os cookies são usados principalmente para reconhecer o usuário e carregar as informações armazenadas.\nA API WebDriver fornece uma maneira de interagir com cookies com métodos integrados:\nAdd Cookie É usado para adicionar um cookie ao contexto de navegação atual. Add Cookie aceita apenas um conjunto de objetos JSON serializáveis definidos. Aqui  é o link para a lista de valores-chave JSON aceitos.\nEm primeiro lugar, você precisa estar no domínio para qual o cookie será valido. Se você está tentando predefinir cookies antes de começar a interagir com um site e sua página inicial é grande / demora um pouco para carregar uma alternativa é encontrar uma página menor no site (normalmente a página 404 é pequena, por exemplo http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie Retorna os dados do cookie serializado correspondentes ao nome do cookie entre todos os cookies associados.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies Retorna \u0026lsquo;dados de cookie serializados com sucesso\u0026rsquo; para o contexto de navegação atual. Se o navegador não estiver mais disponível, ele retornará um erro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie Exclui os dados do cookie que correspondem ao nome do cookie fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies Exclui todos os cookies do contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute Permite que um usuário instrua os navegadores a controlar se os cookies são enviados junto com a solicitação iniciada por sites de terceiros. É usado para evitar ataques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).\nO atributo de cookie Same-Site aceita dois parâmetros como instruções\nStrict: Quando o atributo sameSite é definido como Strict, o cookie não será enviado junto com solicitações iniciadas por sites de terceiros.\nLax: Quando você define um atributo cookie sameSite como Lax, o cookie será enviado junto com uma solicitação GET iniciada por um site de terceiros.\nNota: a partir de agora, esse recurso está disponível no Chrome (versão 80+), Firefox (versão 79+) e funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver Remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver Remoto Você pode usar o WebDriver remotamente da mesma forma que o usaria localmente. A principal diferença é que um WebDriver remoto precisa ser configurado para que possa executar seus testes em uma máquina separada.\nUm WebDriver remoto é composto por duas peças: um cliente e um servidor. O cliente é o seu teste WebDriver e o servidor é simplesmente um Servlet Java, que pode ser hospedado em qualquer servidor de aplicativo JEE moderno.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Diretrizes e recomendações","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diretrizes e recomendações Uma nota sobre \u0026ldquo;Melhores práticas\u0026rdquo;: evitamos intencionalmente a frase \u0026ldquo;Melhores Práticas\u0026rdquo; nesta documentação. Nenhuma abordagem funciona para todas as situações. Preferimos a ideia de \u0026ldquo;Diretrizes e Recomendações\u0026rdquo;. Nós encorajamos que você leia e decida cuidadosamente quais abordagens funcionarão para você em seu ambiente específico.\nO teste funcional é difícil de acertar por muitos motivos. Como se o estado, a complexidade e as dependências do aplicativo não tornassem o teste suficientemente difícil, lidar com navegadores (especialmente com incompatibilidades entre navegadores) torna a escrita de bons testes um desafio.\nSelenium fornece ferramentas para facilitar a interação funcional do usuário, mas não o ajuda a escrever suítes de teste bem arquitetadas. Neste capítulo, oferecemos conselhos, diretrizes e recomendações sobre como abordar a automação funcional de páginas da web.\nEste capítulo registra os padrões de design de software populares entre muitos dos usuários do Selenium que tiveram sucesso ao longo dos anos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Independência de Testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Escreva cada teste como sua própria unidade. Escreva os testes de uma forma que não seja dependente de outros testes para concluir:\nDigamos que existe um sistema de gerenciamento de conteúdo com o qual você pode criar algum conteúdo personalizado que então aparece em seu site como um módulo após publicação, e pode levar algum tempo para sincronizar entre o CMS e a aplicação.\nUma maneira errada de testar seu módulo é que o conteúdo seja criado e publicado em um teste e, em seguida, verificar o módulo em outro teste. Este teste não é viável, pois o conteúdo pode não estar disponível imediatamente para o outro teste após a publicação.\nEm vez disso, você pode criar um conteúdo stub que pode ser ligado e desligado dentro do teste e use-o para validar o módulo. Contudo, para a criação de conteúdo, você ainda pode ter um teste separado.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Navegação por links","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Usar o WebDriver para navegar por links não é uma prática recomendada. Não porque não pode ser feito, mas porque WebDriver definitivamente não é a ferramenta ideal para isso. O WebDriver precisa de tempo para inicializar, e pode levar vários segundos, até um minuto dependendo de como seu teste é escrito, apenas para chegar à página e atravessar o DOM.\nEm vez de usar o WebDriver para isso, você poderia economizar muito tempo executando um comando curl, ou usando uma biblioteca como BeautifulSoup uma vez que esses métodos não dependem em criar um navegador e navegar para uma página. Você está economizando muito tempo por não usar o WebDriver para essa tarefa.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxies Http","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um servidor proxy atua como intermediário para solicitações entre um cliente e um servidor. De forma simples, o tráfego flui através do servidor proxy a caminho do endereço que você solicitou e de volta.\nUm servidor proxy para scripts de automação com Selenium pode ser útil para:\n Capturar o tráfego da rede Simular chamadas de back-end feitas pelo site Acessar o site necessário em uma rede complexa topologias ou restrições / políticas corporativas estritas.  Se você estiver em um ambiente corporativo, e um navegador não consegue se conectar a um URL, isso é provavelmente porque o ambiente precisa de um proxy para ser acessado.\nO Selenium WebDriver fornece uma maneira de configurações de proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # este código foi escrito com Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considere usar uma API fluente","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler cunhou o termo \u0026ldquo;API Fluent\u0026rdquo;. Selenium já implementa algo assim em sua classe FluentWait, que é pretende ser uma alternativa à classe padrão Wait. Você pode habilitar o padrão de design de API fluente em seu objeto de página e, em seguida, consulte a página de pesquisa do Google com um snippet de código como este:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); A classe de objeto da página do Google com este comportamento fluente pode ser assim:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // Se load() falhar, chama isLoaded() até que a página termine de carregar  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Inicializa WebElements na página  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Estratégia de carregamento de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Define a estratégia de carregamento de página da sessão atual. Por padrão, quando o Selenium WebDriver carrega uma página, segue a normal pageLoadStrategy. É sempre recomendado parar de baixar outros recursos (como imagens, css, js) quando o carregamento da página leva muito tempo.\nA propriedade document.readyState de um documento descreve o estado de carregamento do documento atual. Por padrão, o WebDriver vai adiar a resposta a uma chamada para driver.get() (ou) driver.navigate().To() até que o estado de documento pronto seja completo\nEm aplicações SPA (como Angular, React, Ember) uma vez que o conteúdo dinâmico já está carregado (ou seja, quando o status de pageLoadStrategy for COMPLETE), clicar em um link ou realizar alguma ação na página não fará uma nova solicitação para o servidor, pois o conteúdo é carregado dinamicamente no lado do cliente sem uma atualização da página.\nOs aplicativos SPA podem carregar muitas visualizações dinamicamente sem quaisquer solicitações do servidor, então pageLoadStrategy sempre mostrará o status COMPLETO até fazemos um novo driver.get () e driver.navigate().To()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy suporta os seguintes valores:\nnormal Isso fará com que o Selenium WebDriver espere até que a página inteira seja carregada. Quando definido como normal, o Selenium WebDriver espera até que o disparo do evento load seja retornado.\nPor padrão, normal é definido como navegador se nenhum for fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Isso fará com que o Selenium WebDriver espere até que o documento HTML inicial seja completamente carregado e analisado, e descarta o carregamento de CSS, imagens e subframes.\nQuando definido como eager, o Selenium WebDriver espera até que o disparo de evento DOMContentLoaded seja retornado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Quando definido como none, o Selenium WebDriver apenas espera até que a página inicial seja baixada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/","title":"Piores práticas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Piores práticas "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Elemento Web","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement representa um elemento DOM. WebElements podem ser encontrados pesquisando na raiz do documento usando uma instância do WebDriver ou pesquisando em outro WebElement.\nWebDriver API fornece métodos integrados para encontrar WebElements que são baseados em diferentes propriedades, como ID, Nome, Classe, XPath, Seletores CSS, Texto do link, etc.\nEncontrar elemento É usado para encontrar um elemento e retorna a primeira referência WebElement única correspondente, que pode ser usado para ações futuras do elemento\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Encontrar elementos Semelhante a \u0026lsquo;Encontrar Elemento\u0026rsquo;, mas retorna uma lista de WebElements correspondentes. Para usar um determinado WebElement da lista, você precisa percorrer a lista de elementos para executar a ação no elemento selecionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Encontrar Elemento a partir do Elemento É usado para localizar um elemento filho dentro do contexto do elemento pai. Para conseguir isso, o WebElement pai é encadeado com \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; para acessar os elementos filhos\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Encontrar Elementos a partir do Elemento É usado para localizar a lista de WebElements filhos correspondentes dentro do contexto do elemento pai. Para conseguir isso, o WebElement pai é encadeado com \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; para acessar os elementos filho\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Coletar elemento ativo É usado para rastrear (ou) localizar o elemento DOM que tem o foco no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Elemento está ativado Este método é usado para verificar se o elemento conectado está habilitado ou desabilitado em uma página da web. Retorna um valor booleano, True se o elemento conectado estiver ativado no contexto de navegação atual, caso contrário, retorna False.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Elemento está selecionado Este método determina se o elemento referenciado é Selected ou não. Este método é amplamente utilizado em caixas de seleção, botões de opção, elementos de entrada e elementos de opção.\nRetorna um valor booleano, true se o elemento referenciado for selected no contexto de navegação atual, caso contrário, retorna false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Coletar TagName do elemento É usado para buscar o TagName do elemento referenciado que tem o foco no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Coletar retângulo do elemento É usado para buscar as dimensões e coordenadas do elemento referenciado.\nO corpo de dados buscado contém os seguintes detalhes:\n Posição do eixo X a partir do canto superior esquerdo do elemento posição do eixo y a partir do canto superior esquerdo do elemento Altura do elemento Largura do elemento  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Coletar valor CSS do elemento Recupera o valor da propriedade de estilo computado especificada de um elemento no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Coletar texto do elemento Recupera o texto renderizado do elemento especificado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid permite a execução de scripts WebDriver em máquinas remotas (virtuais ou reais) por meio de comandos de roteamento enviados pelo cliente para instâncias remotas do navegador. Seu objetivo é fornecer uma maneira fácil de executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas.\nSelenium Grid nos permite executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas e gerenciar diferentes versões e configurações do navegador centralmente (em vez de em cada teste individual).\nA Selenium Grid não é uma bala de prata. Ela resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição, mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura, e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.\nObserve que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium recomenda usar a Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Navegador novo por teste","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comece cada teste a partir de um estado limpo conhecido. Idealmente, ligue uma nova máquina virtual para cada teste. Se ligar uma nova máquina virtual não for prático, pelo menos inicie um novo WebDriver para cada teste. Para Firefox, inicie um WebDriver com seu perfil conhecido.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"As versões alfa do Selenium 4 têm aguardado suporte nativo para o protocolo Chrome DevTools por meio da interface \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo;. Isso nos ajuda a obter propriedades de desenvolvimento do Chrome, como cache de aplicativo, busca, rede, desempenho, criador de perfil, tempo de recurso, segurança e domínios de CDP de destino, etc.\nChrome DevTools é um conjunto de ferramentas de desenvolvedor da web integradas diretamente no navegador Google Chrome. DevTools pode ajudá-lo a editar páginas dinamicamente e diagnosticar problemas rapidamente, o que, em última análise, ajuda a criar sites melhores e mais rápidos.\nEmulando Geolocalização: Alguns aplicativos têm diferentes recursos e funcionalidades em diferentes locais. Automatizar esses aplicativos é difícil porque é difícil emular as localizações geográficas no navegador usando o Selenium. Mas com a ajuda de Devtools, podemos facilmente emulá-los. O trecho de código abaixo demonstra isso.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Idiossincrasias do driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Idiossincrasias do driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Teclado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard representa um evento do teclado. As ações do teclado são executadas usando uma interface de baixo nível que nos permite fornecer entrada de dispositivo virtualizado para o navegador da web.\nsendKeys O sendKeys digita uma sequência de teclas no elemento DOM, mesmo se uma sequência de teclas modificadoras for encontrada. Aqui está a lista de possíveis teclas que WebDriver suporta.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown O keyDown é usado para simular a ação de pressionar uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp O keyUp é usado para simular a liberação de uma tecla (ou) de uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Limpa o conteúdo de um elemento editável. Isso é aplicado apenas para os elementos que são editáveis e interativos, caso contrário, o Selenium retorna o erro (invalid element state (ou) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/","title":"Pacotes de suporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pacotes de suporte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/","title":"Legado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legado Nesta seção você pode encontrar toda a documentação relacionada aos componentes legados do Selenium. Isso deve ser mantido puramente por razões históricas e não como um incentivo para o uso obsoleto componentes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/","title":"Prefácio","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Prefácio "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/contributing/","title":"Contribuindo com o Site e Documentação do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium é um grande projeto de software, seu site e documentação são fundamentais para entender como as coisas funcionam e aprender maneiras eficazes de explorar seu potencial.\nEste projeto contém o site e a documentação do Selenium. Isto é um esforço contínuo (não direcionado a nenhuma versão específica) para fornecer informações atualizadas sobre como usar o Selenium de forma eficaz, como se envolver e como contribuir para o Selenium.\nAs contribuições para o site e documentação seguem o processo descrito na seção abaixo sobre contribuições. Você deveria passar algum tempo familiarizando-se com a documentação lendo mais sobre isso.\n O projeto Selenium recebe contribuições de todos. Há um várias maneiras de ajudar:\nReportar um problema Ao relatar um novo problema ou comentar sobre problemas existentes, por favor certifique-se de que as discussões estão relacionadas a questões técnicas concretas sobre o software Selenium, seu site e/ou documentação.\nTodos os componentes do Selenium mudam bastante rápido ao longo do tempo, então este pode fazer com que a documentação fique desatualizada. Se você observar que este é o caso, como mencionado, não hesite em criar um problema para isso. Também pode ser possível que você saiba como atualizar a documentação, então, envie-nos um Pull Request com a alteração.\nSe você não tem certeza se o que encontrou é um problema ou não, pergunte através dos canais de comunicação descritos em https://selenium.dev/support.\nContribuições O projeto Selenium dá as boas-vindas a novos contribuidores. Indivíduos fazendo contribuições significativas e valiosas ao longo do tempo são transformados em Committers e recebem acesso de commit ao projeto.\nEste guia irá guiá-lo através do processo de contribuição.\nPasso 1: Fork Faça um fork do projeto no Github e faça checkout na sua cópia localmente.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependências: Hugo Usamos Hugo para construir e renderizar o site e documentação. Para verificar tudo localmente antes mesmo de fazer qualquer alteração, por favor instale Hugo, familiarize-se com ele e execute o servidor local para renderizar o site localmente (instruções detalhadas podem ser encontradas no próximos passos).\nPasso 2: Branch Crie uma branch e comece a hackear:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch Praticamos o desenvolvimento baseado em HEAD, o que significa que todas as mudanças são aplicadas diretamente no topo do trunk.\nPasso 3: Faça mudanças O repositório contém o site e documentação, que são dois projetos Hugo separados. Se você quiser fazer alterações no site, trabalhe no diretório site_source_files. Para ver uma prévia ao vivo de suas alterações, execute hugo server no diretório raiz do site.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server Para fazer alterações na documentação, vá para o diretório docs_source_files.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server A documentação é traduzida para vários idiomas e as traduções são baseadas no conteúdo em inglês. Ao alterar um arquivo, certifique-se de realizar a mudanças em todos os outros arquivos traduzidos também. Isso pode ser diferente dependendo sobre a mudança, por exemplo:\n Se você adicionar um exemplo de código ao arquivo browser_manipulation.en.md, também adicione-o a browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, e todos os outros arquivos traduzidos. Se você encontrar uma tradução que possa ser melhorada, altere apenas o arquivo traduzido. Se você estiver adicionando uma nova tradução de idioma, adicione os novos arquivos com o sufixo apropriado. Não há necessidade de traduzir tudo para enviar um PR, pode ser feito iterativamente. Não se esqueça de verificar algumas configurações necessárias de valores no arquivo config.toml. Se você fizer alterações de texto na versão em inglês, substitua a mesma seção em os arquivos traduzidos com sua alteração (sim, em inglês), e adicione o seguinte observe na parte superior do arquivo.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Passo 4: Commit Primeiro, certifique-se de que o git saiba seu nome e endereço de e-mail:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Escrever boas mensagens de commit é importante. Uma mensagem de confirmação deve descrever o que mudou, por que e conter referência de problemas corrigidos (se houver). Siga estas diretrizes ao escrever um:\n A primeira linha deve ter cerca de 50 caracteres ou menos e conter uma breve da descrição da mudança. Mantenha a segunda linha em branco. Quebra todas as outras linhas em 72 colunas. Incluir Fixes # N, onde N é o número do problema que o commit corrige se houver.  Uma boa mensagem de confirmação pode ter a seguinte aparência:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 A primeira linha deve ser significativa, pois é o que as pessoas veem quando executam git shortlog ou git log --oneline.\nPasso 5: Rebase Use git rebase (não git merge) para sincronizar seu trabalho de tempos em tempos.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Passo 6: Teste Lembre-se sempre de executar o servidor local, com isso, você pode ter certeza de que suas alterações não prejudicaram nada.\nPasso 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Acesse https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git e clique em Pull Request e preencha o formulário. Por favor indique que você assinou o CLA (consulte a Etapa 7).\nOs Pull Requests geralmente são revisados em alguns dias. Se houver comentários a abordar, aplique suas alterações em novos commits (de preferência fixups) e envie para a mesma branch.\nPasso 8: Integração Quando a revisão do código for concluída, um committer integrará seu PR no branch de tronco do repositório. Porque gostamos de manter um histórico linear no trunk, nós normalmente iremos dar Squash \u0026amp; Rebase no histórico da sua branch.\nComunicação Todos os detalhes sobre como se comunicar com os colaboradores do projeto e a comunidade em geral podem ser encontrados em https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/","title":"O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores Selenium é um projeto que abrange uma variedade de ferramentas e bibliotecas que permitem e suportam a automação de navegadores da web.\nEle fornece extensões para emular a interação do usuário com os navegadores, um servidor de distribuição para escalonar a alocação do navegador, e a infraestrutura para implementações da Especificação W3C WebDriver que permite escrever código intercambiável para todos os principais navegadores da web.\nEste projeto é possível graças a colaboradores voluntários que dedicam milhares de horas de seu próprio tempo, e disponibilizaram o código-fonte disponível gratuitamente para qualquer um usar, aproveitar e melhorar.\nSelenium reúne criadores de navegadores, engenheiros e entusiastas para promover uma discussão aberta sobre a automação da plataforma da web. O projeto organiza uma conferência anual para ensinar e nutrir a comunidade.\nNo núcleo do Selenium está WebDriver, uma interface para escrever conjuntos de instruções que podem ser executados alternadamente em muitos navegadores. Aqui está uma das instruções mais simples que você pode fazer:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #Este exemplo requer o Selenium WebDriver 3.13 ou mais novo with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(driver =\u0026gt;driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Veja o Tour rápido para uma explicação completa do que acontece nos bastidores quando você executa este código. Você deve continuar para a documentação narrativa para entender como você pode instalar e usar o Selenium como uma ferramenta de automação de teste com sucesso, e escalar testes simples como este para executar em ambientes grandes e distribuídos em vários navegadores, em vários sistemas operacionais diferentes.\nIntrodução Se você é um usuário novo de Selenium, temos alguns recursos que podem te ajudar a agilizar o seu aprendizado.\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A autenticação de dois fatores, conhecida como 2FA, é um mecanismo de autorização onde a senha de uso único (OTP) é gerada usando aplicativos móveis \u0026ldquo;Autenticadores\u0026rdquo;, como \u0026ldquo;Google Authenticator\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Microsoft Authenticator\u0026rdquo; etc., ou por SMS, e-mail para autenticação. Automatizar isso perfeitamente e consistentemente é um grande desafio no Selenium. Existem algumas maneiras para automatizar este processo. Mas essa será outra camada em cima de nossos testes Selenium e não protegidos também. Portanto, você pode evitar a automação do 2FA.\nExistem algumas opções para contornar as verificações 2FA:\n Desative 2FA para determinados usuários no ambiente de teste, para que você possa usar essas credenciais de usuário na automação. Desative 2FA em seu ambiente de teste. Desative 2FA se você fizer o login de determinados IPs. Dessa forma, podemos configurar nosso teste os IPs da máquina para evitar isso.  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"Captchas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"CAPTCHA, abreviação de Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, foi projetado explicitamente para impedir a automação, portanto, não tente! Existem duas estratégias principais para contornar as verificações CAPTCHA:\n Desative CAPTCHAs em seu ambiente de teste Adicione um hook para permitir que os testes ignorem o CAPTCHA  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/","title":"Começando","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Começando Se você é um usuário novo de Selenium, temos alguns recursos que podem te ajudar a agilizar o seu aprendizado.\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Hub  Intermediário e gerente Aceita solicitações para executar testes Recebe instruções do cliente e as executa remotamente nos nós Gerencia tópicos  Um Hub é um ponto central para onde todos os seus testes são enviados. Cada Selenium Grid consiste em exatamente um hub. O hub precisa estar acessível dos respectivos clientes (ou seja, servidor de CI, máquina do desenvolvedor etc.) O hub irá conectar um ou mais nós aos quais os testes serão delegados.\nNós  Onde vivem os navegadores Registra-se no hub e comunica seus recursos Recebe solicitações do hub e as executa  Nodes são diferentes instâncias do Selenium que executarão testes em sistemas de computador individuais. Pode haver muitos nós em uma grade. As máquinas que são nós não precisam ser da mesma plataforma ou ter a mesma seleção de navegador do hub ou de outros nós. Um nó no Windows pode ter a capacidade de oferecer o Internet Explorer como uma opção de navegador, considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"Componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  There are certain paragaraphs needs translation from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Roteador O roteador se encarrega de encaminhar a solicitação para o componente correto.\nÉ o ponto de entrada da Grid, todas as solicitações externas serão recebidas por ele. O roteador se comporta de maneira diferente dependendo da solicitação. Se for uma nova sessão, o roteador irá encaminhá-la para o enfileirador de sessão, que irá adicioná-la a nova fila de sessão. O Enfileirador de Sessão irá disparar um evento através do Event Bus. O Distribuidor (onde a criação da nova sessão será tratada) irá receber o evento e pesquisar o Enfileirador de Sessão para obter a nova solicitação de sessão. Se a solicitação pertencer a uma sessão existente, o roteador irá enviar a ID da sessão para o Mapa da Sessão, e o Mapa da Sessão irá retornar o Nó onde a sessão está rodando. Depois disso, o roteador irá encaminhar a solicitação ao Nó.\nO Roteador visa equilibrar a carga na Rede, enviando as solicitações para o componente que é capaz de lidar melhor com eles, sem sobrecarregar nenhum componente que não é necessário no processo.\nDistribuidor O Distribuidor está ciente de todos os nós e suas capacidades. Seu papel principal é receber um novo pedido de sessão e encontrar um Nó adequado onde a sessão pode ser criada. Depois que a sessão é criada, o Distribuidor armazena no Mapa da Sessão a relação entre o ID da sessão e o nó onde a sessão está sendo executada.\nNó Um Nó pode estar presente várias vezes em uma Grid. Cada nó cuida de gerenciar os slots para os navegadores disponíveis da máquina onde está sendo executado.\nO Nó se registra no Distribuidor através do Event Bus, e sua configuração é enviada como parte da mensagem de registro.\nPor padrão, o Nó registra automaticamente todos os drivers de navegador disponíveis no PATH da máquina onde ele roda. Ele também cria um slot por CPU disponível para navegadores baseados em Chromium e Firefox. Para Safari e Internet Explorer, apenas um slot é criado. Por meio de uma configuração específica, ele pode executar sessões em contêineres Docker. Você pode ver mais detalhes de configuração na próxima seção.\nUm Nó apenas executa os comandos recebidos, não avalia, não faz julgamentos, ou controlar qualquer coisa. As máquinas onde o Nó está rodando não precisam ter o mesmo sistema operacional que os outros componentes. Por exemplo, um nó do Windows pode ter a capacidade de oferecer o Internet Explorer como uma opção de navegador, considerando que isso não seria possível no Linux ou Mac.\nSession Map The Session Map is a data store that keeps the information of the session id and the Node where the session is running. It serves as a support for the Router in the process of forwarding a request to the Node. The Router will ask the Session Map for the Node associated to a session id.\nEnfileirador de Sessão, Fila de Sessão O Enfileirador de Sessão é o único componente que pode se comunicar com a nova fila de sessão. Ele lida com todas as operações de fila (como add) para manipular a fila. Possui parâmetros configuráveis ​​para definir o tempo limite da solicitação e o intervalo de repetição da solicitação.\nA Fila de Sessão recebe a nova solicitação de sessão do Roteador e a adiciona à fila. O enfileirador espera até receber a resposta para a solicitação. Se a solicitação expirar, ela será rejeitada imediatamente e não adicionada à fila.\nAo adicionar com sucesso a solicitação à fila, o Event Bus aciona um evento. O Distribuidor seleciona este evento e pesquisa a fila. Agora ele tenta criar uma sessão.\nSe os recursos solicitados não existirem em nenhum dos nós registrados, a solicitação será rejeitada imediatamente e o cliente recebe uma resposta.\nSe os recursos solicitados corresponderem aos recursos de qualquer um dos slots de Nó, o Distribuidor tenta obter o slot disponível. Se todos os slots estiverem ocupados, o Distribuidor pedirá ao enfileirador para adicionar o pedido para o início da fila. O Distribuidor recebe a solicitação novamente após o intervalo de repetição da solicitação. Ele tentará novas tentativas até que a solicitação seja bem-sucedida ou tenha expirado. Se a solicitação atingir o tempo limite ao tentar novamente ou adicionar à frente da fila, ela será rejeitada.\nDepois de obter um slot disponível e a criação de sessão, o Distribuidor passa a nova resposta de sessão para a nova fila de espera de sessão por meio do Event Bus. Enfileirador de Sessão responderá ao cliente quando ele recebe o evento.\nEvent Bus The Event Bus serves as a communication path between the Nodes, Distributor, New Session Queuer, and Session Map. The Grid does most of its internal communication through messages, avoiding expensive HTTP calls. When starting the Grid in its fully distributed mode, the Event Bus is the first component that should be started.\nFunções na Grid Na Grade 3, os componentes eram Hub e Nó, e era possível executá-los juntos iniciando a Grid em modo autônomo. O mesmo conceito está disponível na Grid 4, é possível executar um hub agrupando alguns dos componentes descritos acima, e também é possível executar todos os componentes juntos em um modo autônomo.\nHub Hub é a união dos seguintes componentes:\n Roteador Distribuidor Mapa da Sessão Enfileirador de Sessão Event Bus  Habilita a configuração clássica de hub e nó(s).\nStandalone Como mencionado antes, Standalone é a união de todos os componentes e, aos olhos do usuário, eles são executado como um. Isso inclui todos os componentes que fazem parte do hub, mais um nó. Totalmente Uma Grid totalmente funcional está disponível após iniciá-la no modo Standalone.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"Direitos autorais e atribuições","tags":[],"description":"","content":"A Documentação do Selenium Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\nTodo esforço foi feito para tornar esta documentação a mais completa e precisa possível, mas nenhuma garantia ou adequação está implícita. As informações fornecidas são \u0026ldquo;no estado em que se encontram\u0026rdquo;. Os autores e a editora não terão qualquer responsabilidade para com qualquer pessoa ou entidade com relação a quaisquer perdas ou danos decorrentes das informações contidas neste livro. Nenhuma responsabilidade de patente é assumida com relação ao uso das informações aqui contidas.\nAtribuições Agradecimentos: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @shs96c5035 commits  @barancev3351 commits  @jimevans2395 commits  @jleyba1464 commits  @jarib1298 commits  @dfabulich1175 commits  @illicitonion1162 commits  @AutomatedTester1100 commits  @lukeis599 commits  @eranmes473 commits  @titusfortner426 commits  @p0deje407 commits  @mdub326 commits  @diemol316 commits  @andreastt289 commits  @krosenvold225 commits  @hugs205 commits  @davehunt200 commits  @hbchai191 commits  @lmtierney179 commits  @ph7147 commits  @freynaud138 commits  @samitbadle137 commits  @nirvdrum133 commits  @pujagani126 commits  @sevaseva115 commits  @gigix109 commits  @juangj108 commits  @aslakhellesoy94 commits  @alex-savchuk90 commits  @harsha50980 commits  @andrashatvani66 commits  @ajayk63 commits  @twalpole49 commits  @asashour48 commits  @mikemelia46 commits  @jherault44 commits  @tebeka44 commits  @raju24942 commits  @santiycr41 commits  @luke-hill39 commits  @mach636 commits  @ddavison32 commits  @joshbruning30 commits  @mikebroberts28 commits  @JohnChen027 commits  @valfirst25 commits  @alb-i98622 commits  @bret20 commits  @cgoldberg20 commits  @corevo20 commits  @Stuk19 commits  @rbri16 commits  @krmahadevan14 commits  @bayandin12 commits  @carlosgcampos12 commits  @jayakumarc12 commits  @machinexa211 commits  @43081j11 commits  @detro10 commits  @josephg10 commits  @redsquirrel9 commits  @isaulv9 commits  @hoefling9 commits  @RustyNail9 commits  @bwalderman8 commits  @tourdedave8 commits  @glib-briia7 commits  @llaskin7 commits  @DrMarcII7 commits  @mmerrell7 commits  @User2534897 commits  @dratler7 commits  @dima-groupon6 commits  @nikolas6 commits  @shucon6 commits  @Herst5 commits  @jimvm5 commits  @JohanLorenzo5 commits  @nschonni5 commits  @seanpoulter5 commits  @oddui5 commits  @adiohana5 commits  @Zitrax4 commits  @dbo4 commits  @Dharin-shah4 commits  @xaircore4 commits  @bongosway4 commits  @sangaline4 commits  @lauromoura4 commits  @Ardesco4 commits  @klepikov4 commits  @tobli4 commits  @ulfjack4 commits  @yizeng4 commits  @dependabot[bot]4 commits  @abotalov4 commits  @burg4 commits  @dylanlive4 commits  @JasnoWa4 commits   Selenium IDE .ghContributors { display: flex; 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"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"Entendendo os componentes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Construir um conjunto de testes usando WebDriver exigirá que você entenda e use efetivamente uma série de componentes diferentes. Como com tudo em software, pessoas diferentes usam termos diferentes para a mesma ideia. Abaixo está uma análise de como os termos são usados nesta descrição.\nTerminologia  API: interface de programação de aplicativo. Este é o conjunto de \u0026ldquo;comandos\u0026rdquo; que você usa para manipular o WebDriver. Biblioteca: um módulo de código que contém as APIs e o código necessário para implementá-los. As bibliotecas são específicas para cada linguagem, por exemplo arquivos .jar para Java, arquivos .dll para .NET, etc. Driver: responsável por controlar o navegador atual. A maioria dos drivers são criados pelos próprios fornecedores de navegadores. Os drivers são geralmente módulos executáveis ​​que são executados no sistema com o próprio navegador, não no sistema que está executando o conjunto de testes. (Embora esses possam ser mesmo sistema.) NOTA: Algumas pessoas se referem aos drivers como proxies. Framework: uma biblioteca adicional usada como suporte para suítes do WebDriver. Essas estruturas podem ser estruturas de teste, como JUnit ou NUnit. Eles também podem ser estruturas que suportam recursos de linguagem natural, como como Cucumber ou Robotium. Frameworks também podem ser escritos e usados ​​para coisas como manipulação ou configuração do sistema em teste, criação de dados, oráculos de teste, etc.  As partes e peças No mínimo, o WebDriver se comunica com um navegador por meio de um driver. Comunicação é bidirecional: o WebDriver passa comandos para o navegador por meio do driver e recebe informações de volta pela mesma rota.\nO driver é específico para o navegador, como ChromeDriver para Google Chrome / Chromium, GeckoDriver para Mozilla Firefox, etc. O driver é executado no mesmo sistema do navegador. Este pode, ou não ser, o mesmo sistema onde os próprios testes estão sendo executados.\nEste exemplo simples acima é comunicação direta. Comunicação para o navegador também pode ser comunicação remota através do servidor Selenium ou RemoteWebDriver. RemoteWebDriver roda no mesmo sistema que o driver e o navegador.\nA comunicação remota também pode ocorrer usando Selenium Server ou Selenium Grid, que, por sua vez, fala com o driver no sistema host\nOnde frameworks se encaixam O WebDriver tem um trabalho e apenas um trabalho: comunicar-se com o navegador por meio de qualquer um dos métodos acima. O WebDriver não sabe nada sobre testes: ele não sabe como comparar coisas, afirmar passa ou falha, e certamente não sabe uma coisa sobre relatórios ou gramática Dado / Quando / Então.\nÉ aqui que vários frameworks entram em cena. No mínimo, você precisará de um framework de teste que corresponde às linguagens, por exemplo, NUnit para .NET, JUnit para Java, RSpec para Ruby, etc.\nO framework de teste é responsável por rodar e executar seu WebDriver e etapas relacionadas em seus testes. Como tal, você pode pensar nele parecendo a imagem seguinte.\nFrameworks/ferramentas de linguagem natural, como Cucumber, podem existir como parte desse framework de teste na figura acima, ou eles podem envolver o framework de teste inteiramente em sua própria implementação.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primeiro você precisa instalar as ligações Selenium para seu projeto de automação. O processo de instalação de bibliotecas depende da linguagem que você escolher usar.\nJava A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Java pode ser feita usando Maven. Adicione a dependência selenium-java em seu pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; A dependência selenium-java suporta a execução de sua automação com todos os navegadores com suporte Selenium. Se você quiser fazer testes apenas em um navegador específico, você pode adicionar a dependência para esse navegador em seu arquivo pom.xml. Por exemplo, você deve adicionar a seguinte dependência em seu pom.xml arquivo para executar seus testes apenas no Firefox:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; De maneira semelhante, se você deseja executar testes apenas no Chrome, você deve adicionar a seguinte dependência:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Python pode ser feita usando pip:\npip install selenium Como alternativa, você pode baixar o arquivo de origem do PyPI (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) e instale-o usando setup.py:\npython setup.py install C# A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para C# pode ser feita usando NuGet:\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Ruby pode ser feita usando gem:\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para JavaScript pode ser feita usando npm:\nnpm install selenium-webdriver Kotlin Devido à ausência de vínculos de linguagem nativo para Kotlin, você deve usar vínculos Java, por exemplo, com Maven Java\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"Modelos de objetos de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Objeto de página é um padrão de design que se tornou popular na automação de teste para melhorar a manutenção de teste e reduzir a duplicação de código. Um objeto de página é uma classe orientada a objetos que serve como uma interface para uma página de seu AUT. Os testes então usam os métodos desta classe de objeto de página sempre que precisam interagir com a interface do usuário dessa página. O benefício é que, se a IU mudar para a página, os próprios testes não precisam ser alterados, apenas o código dentro do o objeto da página precisa ser alterado. Posteriormente, todas as alterações para oferecer suporte a essa nova IU estão localizados em um só lugar.\nO padrão de design do objeto de página oferece as seguintes vantagens:\n Há uma separação clara entre o código de teste e o código específico da página, como localizadores (ou seu uso se você estiver usando um mapa de interface do usuário) e layout. Existe um único repositório para os serviços ou operações oferecidos pela página em vez de ter esses serviços espalhados pelos testes.  Em ambos os casos, isso permite qualquer modificação necessária devido a mudanças na IU ser feito em um só lugar. Informações úteis sobre esta técnica podem ser encontradas em vários blogs, já que esse ‘padrão de design de teste’ está se tornando amplamente usado. Nós incentivamos o leitor que deseja saber mais a pesquisar blogs na internet nesse assunto. Muitos escreveram sobre este padrão de design e podem fornecer dicas úteis que vão além do escopo deste guia do usuário. Para começar, no entanto, vamos ilustrar objetos de página com um exemplo simples.\nPrimeiro, considere um exemplo, típico de automação de teste, que não usa um objeto de página:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // preenche dados de login na página de entrada  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // verifica que a tag h1 é \u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34; após o login  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Há dois problemas com esta abordagem.\n Não há separação entre o método de teste e os localizadores AUT (IDs neste exemplo); ambos estão interligados em um único método. Se a IU da aplicação muda seus identificadores, layout ou como um login é inserido e processado, o próprio teste deve mudar. Os localizadores do ID estariam espalhados em vários testes, em todos os testes que precisassem usar esta página de login.  Aplicando as técnicas de objeto de página, este exemplo poderia ser reescrito assim no exemplo a seguir de um objeto de página para uma página de Sign-in.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsula a página de login. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login como um usuário válido * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } e o objeto de página de uma página inicial pode ter a seguinte aparência.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsula a Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Encapsulamento da página para gerenciar a funcionalidade do perfil  return new HomePage(driver); } /* Mais métodos fornecendo o serviços representados pela Home Page do usuário logado. Esses métodos por sua vez podem retornar mais Page Objects por exemplo clicar no botão Compor Email poderia retornar um objeto ComposeMail */ } Portanto, agora, o teste de login usaria esses dois objetos de página da seguinte maneira.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } Há muita flexibilidade em como os objetos de página podem ser projetados, mas existem algumas regras básicas para obter a manutenção desejada de seu código de teste.\nOs próprios objetos de página nunca devem fazer verificações ou afirmações. Isto é parte do seu teste e deve estar sempre dentro do código do teste, nunca em um objeto de página. O objeto da página conterá a representação da página, e o serviços que a página fornece por meio de métodos, mas nenhum código relacionado ao que está sendo testado deve estar dentro do objeto de página.\nHá uma única verificação que pode e deve estar dentro do objeto de página e que é para verificar se a página e, possivelmente, elementos críticos em a página, foram carregados corretamente. Esta verificação deve ser feita enquanto instanciar o objeto de página. Nos exemplos acima, ambos SignInPage e os construtores da HomePage verificam se a página esperada está disponível e pronta para solicitações do teste.\nUm objeto de página não precisa necessariamente representar todas as partes da página em si. Os mesmos princípios usados para objetos de página podem ser usados para criar \u0026ldquo;Objetos de Componente de Página\u0026rdquo; que representam pedaços discretos da página e podem ser incluídos em objetos de página. Esses objetos de componentes podem fornecer referências aos elementos dentro desses blocos discretos, e métodos para utilizar a funcionalidade fornecida por eles. Você também pode aninhar objetos de componentes dentro de outros objetos de componentes para páginas mais complexas. Se uma página na aplicação tem vários componentes, ou componentes usados em todo o site (por exemplo, uma barra de navegação), então pode melhorar a manutenção e reduzir a duplicação de código.\nExistem outros padrões de design que também podem ser usados em testes. Alguns usam um Page Factory para instanciar seus objetos de página. Discutir tudo isso é além do escopo deste guia do usuário. Aqui, queremos apenas apresentar o conceitos para tornar o leitor ciente de algumas coisas que podem ser feitas. Como foi mencionado anteriormente, muitos escreveram sobre este tópico e nós encorajamos o leitor para pesquisar blogs sobre esses tópicos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Navegadores comerciais O framework Selenium oferece suporte oficial aos seguintes navegadores:\n   Navegador Mantenedor Versões Suportadas     Chrome Chromium Todas as versões   Firefox Mozilla 54 ou mais nova   Edge Microsoft 84 ou mais nova   Internet Explorer Selenium 6 ou mais nova   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5 ou mais nova   Safari Apple 10 ou mais nova    Navegadores especializados Também existe um conjunto de navegadores especializados por aí normalmente usados em ambientes de desenvolvimento. Podemos usar alguns desses navegadores para fins de automação também, e o Selenium suporta os seguintes drivers especializados:\n   Nome do driver Objetivo Mantenedor     HtmlUnitDriver Emulador de navegador sem cabeçalho apoiado pelo Rhino Projeto Selenium    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"O projeto Selenium e ferramentas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium controla navegadores Selenium é muitas coisas mas, em sua essência, é um conjunto de ferramentas para automação de navegador da web que usa as melhores técnicas disponíveis para controlar remotamente as instâncias do navegador e emular a interação do usuário com o navegador.\nEle permite que os usuários simulem atividades comuns realizadas por usuários finais; inserir texto em campos, selecionando valores suspensos e caixas de seleção, e clicar em links em documentos. Ele também fornece muitos outros controles, como o movimento do mouse, execução arbitrária de JavaScript e muito mais.\nEmbora seja usado principalmente para testes de front-end de sites, Selenium é basicamente uma biblioteca de agente de usuário de navegador. As interfaces são onipresentes em seus aplicativos, o que incentiva a composição com outras bibliotecas para atender a sua finalidade.\nUma interface para tudo Um dos princípios norteadores do projeto é oferecer suporte a uma interface comum para todas as tecnologias de navegador (principais). Os navegadores da web são aplicativos incrivelmente complexos e altamente projetados, realizando suas operações de maneiras completamente diferentes mas que frequentemente têm a mesma aparência ao fazê-lo. Mesmo que o texto seja renderizado com as mesmas fontes, as imagens sejam exibidas no mesmo lugar e os links levem você ao mesmo destino. O que está acontecendo por baixo é tão diferente quanto noite e dia. Selenium \u0026ldquo;abstrai\u0026rdquo; essas diferenças, esconde seus detalhes e complexidades da pessoa que está escrevendo o código. Isso permite que você escreva várias linhas de código para realizar um fluxo de trabalho complicado, mas essas mesmas linhas serão executadas no Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome e todos os outros navegadores compatíveis.\nFerramentas e suporte A abordagem de design minimalista do Selenium lhe dá a versatilidade para ser incluído como um componente em aplicações maiores. A infraestrutura circundante fornecida sob o Selenium dá a você as ferramentas para montar sua Grid de navegadores para que os testes possam ser executados em diferentes navegadores e sistemas operacionais em uma variedade de máquinas.\nImagine um banco de computadores em sua sala de servidores ou data center todos abrindo navegadores ao mesmo tempo acessando links, formulários, e tabelas — testando seu aplicativo 24 horas por dia. Por meio da interface de programação simples fornecido para os idiomas mais comuns, esses testes serão executados incansavelmente em paralelo, reportando de volta para você quando ocorrerem erros.\nÉ o objetivo de ajudar a tornar isso uma realidade para você, fornecendo aos usuários ferramentas e documentação não apenas para controlar os navegadores mas para tornar mais fácil dimensionar e implantar essas grades.\nQuem usa Selenium Muitas das empresas mais importantes do mundo adotaram o Selenium para seus testes baseados em navegador, frequentemente substituindo esforços de anos envolvendo outras ferramentas proprietárias. À medida que sua popularidade cresceu, seus requisitos e desafios se multiplicaram.\nConforme a web se torna mais complicada e novas tecnologias são adicionadas aos sites, é a missão deste projeto acompanhá-los sempre que possível. Sendo um projeto de código aberto, este apoio é fornecido por meio da generosa doação de tempo de muitos voluntários, cada um deles tem um “trabalho diurno”.\nOutra missão do projeto é incentivar mais voluntários para participar deste esforço, e construir uma comunidade forte para que o projeto possa continuar a acompanhar as tecnologias emergentes e permanecer uma plataforma dominante para automação de teste funcional.\nHistória Quando Selenium 1 foi lançado em 2004, foi devido à necessidade de reduzir o tempo gasto verificando manualmente o comportamento consistente no front-end de um aplicativo da web. Ele fez uso de quais ferramentas estavam disponíveis na época e dependia muito da injeção de JavaScript na página da web em teste para emular a interação de um usuário.\nEmbora o JavaScript seja uma boa ferramenta para permitir que você faça uma introspecção nas propriedades do DOM e fazer certas observações do lado do cliente que, de outra forma, você não seria capaz de fazer, fica aquém da capacidade de replicar naturalmente as interações de um usuário como se o mouse e o teclado estivessem sendo usados.\nDesde então, Selenium cresceu e amadureceu muito, em uma ferramenta amplamente usada por muitos — se não pela maioria — das maiores organizações em todo o mundo. Selenium deixou de ser um kit de ferramentas de automação de teste caseiro desenvolvido na Thoughtworks para um público de nicho e um caso de uso específico, à biblioteca de automação de navegador de facto do mundo.\nAssim como o Selenium RC fazia uso das ferramentas do comércio disponíveis na época, Selenium WebDriver impulsiona essa tradição ao seguir a parte de interação do navegador com a área residencial do fornecedor do navegador e pedindo a eles que assumam a responsabilidade pelas implementações de back-end voltadas para o navegador. Recentemente, este trabalho evoluiu para um processo de padronização W3C onde o objetivo é transformar o componente WebDriver no Selenium na biblioteca de controle remoto du jour para agentes do usuário.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"Objetivos e funcionalidades principais","tags":[],"description":"","content":" Ponto de entrada central para todos os testes Gerenciamento e controle dos nós / ambiente onde os navegadores rodam Escalonamento Executar testes em paralelo Teste de plataforma cruzada Balanceamento de carga  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"Recursos compartilhados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para criar uma nova sessão por Selenium WebDriver, a extremidade local deve fornecer os recursos básicos para a extremidade remota. A extremidade remota usa o mesmo conjunto de recursos para cria uma sessão e descreve os recursos da sessão atual.\nWebDriver fornece recursos que cada controle extremidade remota irá/deverá apoiar a implementação. A seguir estão os recursos que o WebDriver suporta:\nbrowserName: Este recurso é usado para definir o browserName para uma determinada sessão. Se o navegador especificado não estiver instalado na extremidade remota, a criação da sessão irá falhar\nbrowserVersion: Este recurso é opcional, usado para definir a versão do navegador disponível na extremidade remota. Por exemplo, se pedir o Chrome versão 75 em um sistema que tem apenas a versão 80 instalada, a criação da sessão irá falhar\npageLoadStrategy: Ao navegar para uma nova página via URL, por padrão o Selenium irá esperar até que a página esteja totalmente carregada antes de responder. Isso funciona bem para iniciantes, mas pode causar longos tempos de espera em páginas que carregam um grande número de recursos de terceiros. Usar uma estratégia não padrão pode tornar a execução de testes mais rápida em casos como este, mas também pode apresentar instabilidade onde os elementos na página mudam de posição conforme os elementos são carregados e mudam de tamanho.\nA estratégia de carregamento da página consulta o document.readyState conforme descrito na tabela abaixo:\n   Estrtégia Ready State Notas     normal complete Usado por padrão, aguarda o download de todos os recursos   eager interactive O acesso ao DOM está pronto, mas outros recursos, como imagens, ainda podem estar carregando   none Any Não bloqueia o WebDriver de nenhuma forma    platformName Isso identifica o sistema operacional na extremidade remota e buscar o platformName retorna o nome do sistema operacional.\nEm provedores baseados em nuvem, definir platformName define o sistema operacional na extremidade remota.\nacceptInsecureCerts Este recurso verifica se um Certificado TLS expirado (ou) inválido é usado durante a navegação durante uma sessão.\nSe o recurso for definido como false, um erro de certificado inseguro será retornado quando a navegação encontrar qualquer problema de certificado de domínio. Se definido como verdadeiro, o certificado inválido será confiável para o navegador.\nTodos os certificados autoassinados serão considerados confiáveis por esse recurso por padrão. Uma vez definido, o recurso acceptInsecureCerts terá um efeito para toda a sessão.\nTimeout de Sessão Uma session do WebDriver é imposta com um certo intervalo session timeout durante o qual o usuário pode controlar o comportamento de executar scripts ou recuperar informações do navegador.\nCada tempo limite de sessão é configurado com combinação de diferentes timeouts, conforme descrito abaixo:\nTimeout de Script: Especifica quando interromper um script em execução em um contexto de navegação atual. O tempo limite padrão 30.000 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver.\nTimeout de Carregamento de Página: Especifica o intervalo de tempo em que a página da web precisa ser carregado em um contexto de navegação atual. O tempo limite padrão 300.000 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver. Se os carregamento da página delimitar um determinado período de tempo, o script será interrompido por TimeoutException.\nTimeout de Espera Implícita: Isso especifica o tempo de espera pela estratégia de implicit element location quando localizando de elementos. O tempo limite padrão 0 é imposto quando uma nova sessão é criada pelo WebDriver.\nunhandledPromptBehavior Especifica o estado do user prompt handler da sessão atual. O padrão é dismiss and notify state (dispensar e notificar estado, em português)\nUser Prompt Handler Isso define qual ação deve ser tomada quando um o prompt do usuário se encontra na extremidade remota. Isso é definido pelo recurso unhandledPromptBehavior e tem os seguintes estados:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect Este comando altera o tamanho e a posição da atual janela de contexto de navegação. Este comando atua como setter para o comando getWindowRect que aceita largura, altura, x, y como argumentos opcionais.\nDurante a automação, o contexto de navegação atual será associado com estados de janela, que descrevem a visibilidade da janela do navegador. Os estados da janela são\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  Definir Width ou Height não garante que o resultado o tamanho da janela corresponderá exatamente ao que foi inserido. Isto é porque alguns drivers podem não ser redimensionados em incrementos de pixel único. Devido a isso, buscar o estado / detalhes da janela por getWindowRect pode não corresponder igualmente aos valores definidos para o navegador.\nstrictFileInteractability O novo recurso indica se as verificações estritas de interatividade devem ser aplicadas aos elementos input type = file. Como as verificações de interatividade estrita estão desativadas por padrão, há uma mudança no comportamento ao usar Element Send Keys com controles de upload de arquivos ocultos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução Selenium RC foi o principal projeto da Selenium por muito tempo, antes da fusão WebDriver / Selenium trazer o Selenium 2, uma ferramenta mais poderosa. Vale ressaltar que não há mais suporte para Selenium 1.\nComo o Selenium RC funciona Primeiro, vamos descrever como os componentes do Selenium RC operam e o papel que cada um desempenha na execução de seus scripts de teste.\nComponentes do RC Os componentes do Selenium RC são:\n O servidor Selenium que inicia e mata navegadores, interpreta e executa os comandos em Selenese passados do programa de teste e atua como um proxy HTTP, interceptando e verificando mensagens HTTP passadas entre o navegador e a aplicação sendo testada. Bibliotecas de cliente que fornecem a interface entre cada linguagem de programação e o Selenium RC Server.  Aqui está um diagrama de arquitetura simplificado:\nO diagrama mostra que as bibliotecas cliente se comunicam com o servidor passando cada comando Selenium para execução. Então o servidor passa o comando Selenium para o navegador usando comandos Selenium-Core JavaScript. O navegador, usando seu interpretador JavaScript, executa o comando Selenium. Este executa a ação em Selenese ou verificação que você especificou em seu script de teste.\nServidor Selenium O servidor Selenium recebe comandos Selenium do seu programa de teste, os interpreta e reporta ao seu programa os resultados da execução desses testes.\nO servidor RC agrupa o Selenium Core e o injeta automaticamente no navegador. Isso ocorre quando seu programa de teste abre o navegador (usando uma função API de biblioteca cliente). Selenium-Core é um programa JavaScript, na verdade um conjunto de funções JavaScript que interpretam e executam comandos em Selenese usando o interpretador de JavaScript embutido do navegador.\nO servidor recebe os comandos em Selenese do seu programa de teste usando solicitações HTTP GET/POST simples. Isso significa que você pode usar qualquer linguagem de programação que pode enviar solicitações HTTP para automatizar os testes Selenium no navegador.\nBibliotecas Cliente As bibliotecas cliente fornecem suporte de programação que permite que você execute comandos Selenium a partir de um programa de seu próprio projeto. Existe um biblioteca cliente diferente para cada linguagem compatível. Um cliente Selenium biblioteca fornece uma interface de programação (API), ou seja, um conjunto de funções, que executam comandos Selenium de seu próprio programa. Dentro de cada interface, existe uma função de programação que suporta cada comando em Selenese.\nA biblioteca cliente pega um comando em Selenese e o passa para o servidor Selenium para processar uma ação específica ou teste no aplicativo em teste (AUT). A biblioteca cliente também recebe o resultado desse comando e o devolve ao seu programa. Seu programa pode receber o resultado e armazená-lo em uma variável de programa e relatá-lo como um sucesso ou fracasso, ou possivelmente executar uma ação corretiva se for um erro inesperado.\nEntão, para criar um programa de teste, você simplesmente escreve um programa que executa um conjunto de comandos Selenium usando uma API de biblioteca cliente. E, opcionalmente, se você já tem um script de teste em Selenese criado na Selenium-IDE, você pode gerar o código Selenium RC. A Selenium-IDE pode traduzir (usando seu item de menu Exportar) seus comandos Selenium em chamadas de função de uma API de driver de cliente. Consulte o capítulo Selenium-IDE para obter detalhes sobre a exportação de código RC a partir da Selenium-IDE.\nInstalação A instalação é um nome impróprio para Selenium. Selenium tem um conjunto de bibliotecas disponíveis na linguagem de programação de sua escolha. Você pode baixá-los na página de downloads.\nDepois de escolher uma linguagem para trabalhar, você só precisa:\n Instalar o Selenium RC Server. Configurar um projeto de programação usando um driver cliente específico de linguagem.  Instalando o servidor Selenium O servidor Selenium RC é simplesmente um arquivo Java jar (selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;número da versão\u0026gt;.jar), que não requer qualquer instalação especial. Basta baixar o arquivo zip e extrair o servidor no diretório desejado.\nExecutando o servidor Selenium Antes de iniciar qualquer teste, você deve iniciar o servidor. Vá para o diretório onde o servidor Selenium RC está localizado e execute o seguinte a partir da linha de comando.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Isso pode ser simplificado criando um arquivo executável em lote ou shell (.bat no Windows e .sh no Linux) contendo o comando acima. Em seguida, faça um atalho para esse executável em seu desktop e simplesmente clique duas vezes no ícone para iniciar o servidor.\nPara o servidor funcionar, você precisa do Java instalado e a variável de ambiente PATH configurada corretamente para executá-lo a partir do console. Você pode verificar se o Java está instalado corretamente executando o seguinte em um console.\njava -version Se você obtiver um número de versão (que precisa ser 1.5 ou posterior), você está pronto para começar a usar o Selenium RC.\nUsando o driver cliente para Java  Baixe o zip do driver do cliente Selenium Java na página de downloads do SeleniumHQ. Extraia o arquivo selenium-java-.jar Abra a IDE Java desejada (Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver, etc.) Crie um projeto Java. Adicione os arquivos selenium-java-.jar ao seu projeto como referências. Adicione ao classpath do projeto o arquivo selenium-java-.jar. Na Selenium-IDE, exporte um script para um arquivo Java e inclua-o em seu projeto Java ou escreva seu teste Selenium em Java usando a API selenium-java-client. A API é apresentada posteriormente neste capítulo. Você pode usar JUnit ou TestNg para executar seu teste, ou você pode escrever seu próprio programa main() simples. Esses conceitos são explicados mais para frente nesta seção. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console. Execute seu teste na Java IDE ou na linha de comando.  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do projeto de teste Java, consulte as seções do Apêndice Configurando Selenium RC com Eclipse e Configurando Selenium RC com Intellij.\nUsando o driver cliente para Python  Instale o Selenium via pip, instruções no link da página de downloads do SeleniumHQ Escreva seu teste Selenium em Python ou exporte um script da Selenium-IDE para um arquivo python. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console Execute seu teste em um console ou IDE Python  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do driver cliente Python, consulte o apêndice Configuração do driver cliente Python.\nUsando o driver cliente para .NET  Baixe o Selenium RC na página de downloads do SeleniumHQ Extraia a pasta Baixe e instale o NUnit ( Nota: você pode usar o NUnit como seu mecanismo de teste. Se você ainda não está familiarizado com NUnit, você também pode escrever uma função main() simples para executar seus testes; no entanto, o NUnit é muito útil como um mecanismo de teste.) Abra a IDE .Net desejado (Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) Crie uma biblioteca de classes (.dll) Adicione referências às seguintes DLLs: nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit.framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll e ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll Escreva seu teste Selenium em uma linguagem .Net (C#, VB.Net) ou exporte um script da Selenium-IDE para um arquivo C# e copie este código para o arquivo de classe você acabou de criar. Escreva seu próprio programa main() simples ou você pode incluir NUnit em seu projeto para executar seu teste. Esses conceitos são explicados posteriormente neste capítulo. Execute o servidor Selenium a partir do console Execute seu teste a partir da IDE, da GUI do NUnit ou da linha de comando  Para obter detalhes específicos sobre a configuração do driver cliente .NET com Visual Studio, consulte o apêndice Configuração do driver cliente .NET.\nUsando o driver cliente para Ruby  Se você ainda não tem RubyGems, instale-o do RubyForge. Execute gem install selenium-client No topo do seu script de teste, adicione require \u0026quot;selenium / client\u0026quot; Escreva seu script de teste usando qualquer função de teste Ruby (por exemplo, Test::Unit, Mini::Test ou RSpec). Execute o servidor Selenium RC a partir do console. Execute seu teste da mesma forma que você executaria qualquer outro script Ruby.  Para obter detalhes sobre a configuração do driver do cliente Ruby, consulte a documentação do Selenium-Client\nDo Selenese ao Programa A principal tarefa para usar o Selenium RC é converter seu Selenese em uma linguagem de programação. Nesta seção, fornecemos vários exemplos específicos de linguagens diferentes.\nExemplo de script de teste Vamos começar com um exemplo de script de teste em Selenese. Imagine gravar o seguinte teste com Selenium-IDE.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     Observação: este exemplo funcionaria com a página de pesquisa do Google http://www.google.com\nSelenese como código Aqui está o script de teste exportado (via Selenium-IDE) para cada uma das linguagens de programação. Se você tem pelo menos conhecimento básico de linguagem de programação orientada a objetos (OOP), você vai entender como o Selenium executa comandos em Selenese lendo um destes exemplos. Para ver um exemplo em uma linguagem específica, selecione um desses botões.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end Na próxima seção, explicaremos como construir um programa de teste usando o código gerado.\nProgramando seu teste Agora vamos ilustrar como programar seus próprios testes usando exemplos em cada uma das linguagens de programação suportadas. Existem essencialmente duas tarefas:\n*Gerar seu script em uma linguagem de programação a partir da Selenium-IDE, opcionalmente modificando o resultado. *Escrever um programa principal muito simples que execute o código gerado.\nOpcionalmente, você pode adotar uma plataforma de mecanismo de teste como JUnit ou TestNG para Java, ou NUnit para .NET se você estiver usando uma dessas linguagens.\nAqui, mostramos exemplos específicos de cada linguagem. As APIs específicas do idioma tendem a diferir de um para o outro, então você encontrará uma explicação separada para cada um.\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java Para Java, as pessoas usam JUnit ou TestNG como mecanismo de teste. Alguns ambientes de desenvolvimento como o Eclipse têm suporte direto para eles via plug-ins. Isso torna tudo ainda mais fácil. Ensinar JUnit ou TestNG está além do escopo de este documento, no entanto, os materiais podem ser encontrados online e há publicações acessíveis. Se você já é uma \u0026ldquo;loja de Java\u0026rdquo;, é provável que seus desenvolvedores já tem alguma experiência com uma dessas estruturas de teste.\nVocê provavelmente vai querer renomear a classe de teste de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; para algo de sua própria escolha. Além disso, você precisará alterar os parâmetros abertos pelo navegador na declaração:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); O código gerado pela Selenium-IDE terá a seguinte aparência. Este exemplo tem comentários adicionados manualmente para maior clareza.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# O driver do cliente .NET funciona com o Microsoft.NET. Pode ser usado com qualquer framework de teste .NET como o NUnit ou o Visual Studio 2005 Team System.\nSelenium-IDE assume que você usará NUnit como sua estrutura de teste. Você pode ver isso no código gerado abaixo. Inclui a declaração using para NUnit junto com os atributos NUnit correspondentes que identificam o papel de cada função-membro da classe de teste.\nVocê provavelmente terá que renomear a classe de teste de \u0026ldquo;NewTest\u0026rdquo; para algo de sua própria escolha. Além disso, você precisará alterar os parâmetros abertos pelo navegador na declaração\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); O código gerado será semelhante a este.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Você pode permitir que o NUnit gerencie a execução de seus testes. Ou, alternativamente, você pode escrever um programa main() simples que instancia o objeto de teste e executa cada um dos três métodos, SetupTest(), TheNewTest() e TeardownTest() por sua vez.\nPython Pyunit é a estrutura de teste a ser usada para Python.\nA estrutura básica do teste é:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Versões antigas (pré 2.0) da Selenium-IDE geram código Ruby que requer o gem antigo do Selenium. Portanto, é aconselhável atualizar todos os scripts Ruby gerados pela IDE da seguinte forma:\n  Na linha 1, altere require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; para require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  Na linha 11, altere Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new para Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  Você provavelmente também deseja alterar o nome da classe para algo mais informativo do que \u0026ldquo;Untitled\u0026rdquo; e alterar o nome do método de teste para algo diferente de \u0026ldquo;test_untitled.\u0026rdquo;\nAqui está um exemplo simples criado pela modificação do código Ruby gerado pela Selenium IDE, conforme descrito acima.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP Os membros da equipe de documentação não usaram Selenium RC com Perl ou PHP. Se você estiver usando Selenium RC com qualquer um desses dois idiomas, entre em contato com a Equipe de Documentação (consulte o capítulo sobre Contribuições). Gostaríamos muito de incluir alguns exemplos seus e de suas experiências, para oferecer suporte a usuários Perl e PHP.\nAprendendo a API A API Selenium RC usa convenções de nomenclatura que, supondo que você entenda Selenese, será em grande parte autoexplicativo. Aqui, no entanto, explicamos os aspectos mais críticos e possivelmente menos óbvios.\nIniciando o navegador CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start Cada um desses exemplos abre o navegador e representa esse navegador atribuindo uma \u0026ldquo;instância do navegador\u0026rdquo; a uma variável de programa. Esta variável de programa é então usada para chamar métodos do navegador. Esses métodos executam os comandos Selenium, ou seja, como open ou type ou verify.\nOs parâmetros necessários ao criar a instância do navegador são:\n  host Especifica o endereço IP do computador onde o servidor está localizado. Normalmente, esta é a mesma máquina em que o cliente está sendo executado, portanto, neste caso, localhost é passado. Em alguns clientes, este é um parâmetro opcional.\n  port Especifica o socket TCP/IP onde o servidor está escutando, esperando para o cliente estabelecer uma conexão. Isso também é opcional em alguns drivers do cliente.\n  browser O navegador no qual você deseja executar os testes. Este é um parâmetro obrigatório.\n  url A url base do aplicativo em teste. Isso é exigido por todas as libs de cliente e é uma informação integral para iniciar a comunicação entre navegador-proxy-aplicação.\n  Observe que algumas das bibliotecas cliente exigem que o navegador seja iniciado explicitamente chamando seu método start ().\nExecutando comandos Depois de ter o navegador inicializado e atribuído a uma variável (geralmente chamada \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo;), você pode fazê-lo executar comandos Selenese chamando os respectivos métodos a partir da variável do navegador. Por exemplo, para chamar o método type do objeto selenium:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) Em segundo plano, o navegador realmente realizará uma operação type, essencialmente idêntico a um usuário digitando uma entrada no navegador, usando o localizador e a string que você especificou durante a chamada do método.\nReportando resultados O Selenium RC não tem seu próprio mecanismo para relatar os resultados. Em vez disso, você pode construir seus relatórios personalizados de acordo com suas necessidades, usando recursos de sua linguagem de programação escolhida. Isso é ótimo, mas e se você simplesmente quiser algo rápido que já foi feito para você? Muitas vezes, uma biblioteca existente ou estrutura de teste pode atender às suas necessidades mais rapidamente do que desenvolver seu próprio código de relatório de teste.\nFerramentas de reporte dos frameworks de teste Frameworks de teste estão disponíveis para muitas linguagens de programação. Estes, junto com sua função principal de fornecer um mecanismo de teste flexível para executar seus testes, incluem o código da biblioteca para relatar os resultados. Por exemplo, Java tem dois frameworks de teste comumente usados, JUnit e TestNG. .NET também tem seu próprio, NUnit.\nNão ensinaremos os frameworks aqui; e que está além do escopo deste guia de usuário. Vamos simplesmente apresentar os recursos do framework relacionados ao Selenium junto com algumas técnicas que você pode aplicar. Existem bons livros disponíveis sobre estas estruturas de teste, juntamente com informações na Internet.\nBibliotecas de relatórios de teste Também estão disponíveis bibliotecas de terceiros criadas especificamente para reportar os resultados dos testes na linguagem de programação escolhida. Estes geralmente suportam uma variedade de formatos, como HTML ou PDF.\nQual a melhor técnica? A maioria das pessoas novas no uso dos frameworks de teste começarão com os recursos de relatórios integrados no framework. A partir daí, a maioria examinará todas as bibliotecas disponíveis pois isso consome menos tempo do que desenvolver a sua própria. Quando você começa a usar o Selenium, sem dúvida, você vai começar a colocar seus próprios \u0026ldquo;prints\u0026rdquo; para relatar o progresso. Isso pode levá-lo gradualmente a desenvolver seus próprios relatórios, possivelmente em paralelo ao uso de uma biblioteca ou estrutura de teste. Independentemente, após a curta curva de aprendizado inicial você desenvolverá naturalmente o que funciona melhor para sua própria situação.\nExemplos de relatórios de teste Para ilustrar, iremos direcioná-lo para algumas ferramentas específicas em algumas das outras linguagens apoiadas pelo Selenium. As listadas aqui são comumente usadas e têm sido usadas extensivamente (e portanto recomendadas) pelos autores deste guia.\nRelatórios de teste em Java   Se os casos de teste Selenium forem desenvolvidos usando JUnit, então o relatório JUnit pode ser usado para gerar relatórios de teste.\n  Se os casos de teste Selenium forem desenvolvidos usando TestNG, então nenhuma tarefa externa é necessária para gerar relatórios de teste. A estrutura TestNG gera um Relatório HTML que lista os detalhes dos testes.\n  ReportNG é um plug-in de relatório HTML para a estrutura TestNG. Destina-se a substituir o relatório HTML padrão do TestNG. O ReportNG fornece uma visualização simples e codificada por cores dos resultados do teste.\n  Registrando os comandos Selenese  O Logging Selenium pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de todos os comandos Selenese em seu teste junto com o sucesso ou fracasso de cada um. Logging Selenium estende o driver do cliente Java para adicionar esta capacidade de registro do Selenese.  Relatórios de teste em Python  Ao usar o driver de cliente para Python, HTMLTestRunner pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de teste.  Relatórios de teste em Ruby  Se o framework RSpec for usado para escrever Casos de Teste Selenium em Ruby então seu relatório HTML pode ser usado para gerar um relatório de teste.  Adicionando algum tempero aos seus testes Agora veremos toda a razão de usar Selenium RC, adicionando lógica de programação aos seus testes. É o mesmo que para qualquer programa. O fluxo do programa é controlado por meio de declarações de condição e iteração. Além disso, você pode relatar informações de progresso usando I/O. Nesta secção vamos mostrar alguns exemplos de como construções de linguagem de programação podem ser combinadas com Selenium para resolver problemas de teste comuns.\nVocê vai descobrir ao fazer a transição dos testes simples da existência de elementos de página para testes de funcionalidade dinâmica envolvendo várias páginas da web e dados variáveis que você exigirá lógica de programação para verificar resultados. Basicamente, a Selenium-IDE não suporta iteração e declarações de condição padrão. Você pode fazer algumas condições incorporando JavaScript em parâmetros Selenese, no entanto iteração é impossível, e a maioria das condições será muito mais fácil em uma linguagem de programação. Além disso, você pode precisar de tratamento de exceção para recuperação de erros. Por essas e outras razões, escrevemos esta seção para ilustrar o uso de técnicas de programação comuns para dar a você maior \u0026lsquo;poder de verificação\u0026rsquo; em seus testes automatizados.\nOs exemplos nesta seção são escritos em C# e Java, embora o código seja simples e possa ser facilmente adaptado às demais linguagens. Se você tem algum conhecimento básico de uma linguagem de programação orientada a objetos, você não deve ter dificuldade em entender esta seção.\nIteração A iteração é uma das coisas mais comuns que as pessoas precisam fazer em seus testes. Por exemplo, você pode querer executar uma pesquisa várias vezes. Ou, talvez para verificar os resultados do teste, você precisa processar um \u0026ldquo;conjunto de resultados\u0026rdquo; retornado de um banco de dados.\nUsando o mesmo exemplo de pesquisa do Google que usamos anteriormente, vamos verificar os resultados da pesquisa Selenium. Este teste pode usar o Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     O código foi repetido para executar as mesmas etapas 3 vezes. Mas ter múltiplas cópias do mesmo código não é uma boa prática de programação porque é mais trabalhoso para manter. Usando uma linguagem de programação, podemos iterar sobre os resultados da pesquisa para uma solução mais flexível e sustentável.\nIn C# // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } Declarações de condição Para ilustrar o uso de condições em testes, começaremos com um exemplo. Um problema comum encontrado durante a execução de testes Selenium ocorre quando o elemento esperado não está disponível na página. Por exemplo, ao executar a seguinte linha:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); Se o elemento \u0026lsquo;q\u0026rsquo; não estiver na página, então uma exceção é lançada:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found Isso pode fazer com que seu teste seja interrompido. Para alguns testes, é isso que você deseja. Mas frequentemente isso não é desejável, pois seu script de teste tem muitos outros testes subsequentes para realizar.\nUma abordagem melhor é primeiro validar se o elemento está realmente presente e então escolher alternativas quando não estiver. Vejamos isso usando Java.\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } A vantagem desta abordagem é continuar com a execução do teste, mesmo se alguns elementos de IU não estão disponíveis na página.\nExecutando JavaScript a partir do seu teste JavaScript é muito útil para exercitar uma aplicação que não é diretamente suportada por Selenium. O método getEval da API Selenium pode ser usado para executar JavaScript a partir de Selenium RC.\nConsidere um aplicativo com caixas de seleção sem identificadores estáticos. Neste caso, pode-se avaliar o JavaScript do Selenium RC para obter ids de todas caixas de seleção e, em seguida, exercitá-las.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } Para contar as imagens em uma página\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); Lembre-se de usar o objeto window no caso de expressões DOM já que por padrão a janela Selenium é referida, não a janela de teste.\nOpções do servidor Quando o servidor é iniciado, as opções de linha de comando podem ser usadas para alterar o comportamento padrão do servidor.\nLembre-se de que o servidor é iniciado executando o seguinte.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar Para ver a lista de opções, execute o servidor com a opção -h.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h Você verá uma lista de todas as opções que pode usar com o servidor e uma breve descrição de cada. As descrições fornecidas nem sempre serão suficientes, então fornecemos explicações para algumas das opções mais importantes.\nConfiguração do Proxy Se o seu aplicação estiver atrás de um proxy HTTP que requer autenticação, você deve configurar http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser e http.proxyPassword usando o seguinte comando.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password Modo multi-janela Se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0, você provavelmente pode pular esta seção, uma vez que o modo multijanela é o comportamento padrão. No entanto, antes da versão 1.0, o Selenium executava por padrão o aplicativo em teste em um subquadro, conforme mostrado aqui.\nAlguns aplicativos não funcionavam corretamente em um subquadro e precisavam ser carregados no quadro superior da janela. A opção de modo multi-janela permitida a aplicação testada ser executada em uma janela separada, em vez do quadro padrão onde poderia então ter o quadro superior necessário.\nPara versões mais antigas do Selenium você deve especificar o modo multijanela explicitamente com a seguinte opção:\n-multiwindow A partir do Selenium RC 1.0, se você deseja executar seu teste dentro de um quadro único (ou seja, usando o padrão para versões anteriores do Selenium) você pode declarar isso ao servidor Selenium usando a opção\n-singlewindow Especificando o perfil do Firefox O Firefox não executará duas instâncias simultaneamente, a menos que você especifique um perfil separado para cada instância. Selenium RC 1.0 e posterior é executado em um perfil separado automaticamente, então se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0, você pode provavelmente pular esta seção. No entanto, se você estiver usando uma versão mais antiga do Selenium ou se você precisar usar um perfil específico para seus testes (como adicionar um certificado https ou ter alguns complementos instalados), você precisa especificar explicitamente o perfil.\nPrimeiro, para criar um perfil separado do Firefox, siga este procedimento. Abra o menu Iniciar do Windows, selecione \u0026ldquo;Executar\u0026rdquo;, digite e entre um dos seguintes:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P Crie o novo perfil usando a caixa de diálogo. Então, quando você executar o Selenium Server, diga a ele para usar este novo perfil do Firefox com a opção de linha de comando do servidor -firefoxProfileTemplate e especifique o caminho para o perfil usando seu nome de arquivo e o caminho do diretório.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; Aviso: certifique-se de colocar seu perfil em uma nova pasta separada da padrão!!! A ferramenta gerenciadora de perfil do Firefox irá deletar todos os arquivos em uma pasta se você excluir um perfil, independentemente de serem arquivos de perfil ou não.\nMais informações sobre os perfis do Firefox podem ser encontradas em Mozilla\u0026rsquo;s Knowledge Base\nExecute Selenese diretamente dentro do servidor usando -htmlSuite Você pode executar arquivos Selenese html diretamente no servidor Selenium passando o arquivo html para a linha de comando do servidor. Por exemplo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; Isso iniciará automaticamente seu pacote HTML, executará todos os testes e salvará um bom relatório HTML com os resultados.\nNota: ao usar esta opção, o servidor irá iniciar os testes e aguardar um número especificado de segundos para o teste ser concluído; se o teste não completar dentro desse período de tempo, o comando sairá com um código de saída diferente de zero e nenhum arquivo de resultados será gerado.\nEsta linha de comando é muito longa, então tome cuidado com o que você digita. Observe que isso requer que você passe uma suíte de arquivos HTML Selenese, não um único teste. Também esteja ciente de que a opção -htmlSuite é incompatível com -interactive. Você não pode executar os dois ao mesmo tempo.\nLogging do servidor Selenium logs do lado do servidor Ao iniciar o servidor Selenium, a opção -log pode ser usada para gravar informações valiosas de depuração relatadas pelo servidor Selenium em um arquivo de texto.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log Este arquivo de log é mais detalhado do que os logs do console padrão (inclui mensagens de registro de nível DEBUG ). O arquivo de log também inclui o nome do registrador e o número do thread que registrou a mensagem. Por exemplo:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW O formato da mensagem é\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE Esta mensagens pode ter múltiplas linhas.\nLogs do lado do navegador O JavaScript no lado do navegador (Selenium Core) também registra mensagens importantes; em muitos casos, eles podem ser mais úteis para o usuário final do que os Logs normais do servidor. Para acessar os registros do lado do navegador, passe o argumento -browserSideLog para o servidor Selenium.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog deve ser combinado com o argumento -log, para registrar browserSideLogs (bem como todas as outras mensagens de log de nível DEBUG) em um arquivo.\nEspecificando o caminho para um navegador específico Você pode especificar para o Selenium RC o caminho para um navegador. Isto é útil se você possui diferentes versões do mesmo navegador e você deseja usar uma em específico. Isto também pode ser usado para executar seus testes em um navegador que não é suportado diretamente pelo Selenium RC. Quando especificar o modo de execução, use o especificador *custom seguido do caminho completo para o executável do navegador.\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Arquitetura do Selenium RC Nota: este tópico tenta explicar a implementação técnica por trás do Selenium RC. Não é fundamental para um usuário Selenium saber disso, mas pode ser útil para entender alguns dos problemas que você pode encontrar no futuro.\nPara entender em detalhes como o Selenium RC Server funciona e porque ele usa injeção de proxy e modos de privilégio elevado você deve primeiro entender the same origin policy.\nA política de mesma origem (Same Origin Policy) A principal restrição que o Selenium enfrenta é a política de mesma origem. Esta restrição de segurança é aplicada por todos os navegadores no mercado e seu objetivo é garantir que o conteúdo de um site nunca esteja acessível por um script de outro site. A política da mesma origem determina que qualquer código carregado no navegador só pode operar dentro do domínio desse site. Ele não pode executar funções em outro site. Por exemplo, se o navegador carrega o código JavaScript quando carrega www.mysite.com, ele não pode executar esse código carregado em www.mysite2.com - mesmo que seja outro de seus sites. Se isso fosse possível, um script colocado em qualquer site que você abrir seria capaz de ler informações sobre sua conta bancária se você tivesse a página da conta aberto em outra guia. Isso é chamado de XSS (Cross-site Scripting).\nPara trabalhar dentro desta política, Selenium-Core (e seus comandos JavaScript que fazem toda a mágica acontecer) deve ser colocado na mesma origem do aplicativo testado (mesmo URL).\nHistoricamente, Selenium-Core era limitado por este problema, uma vez que foi implementado em JavaScript. O Selenium RC não é, entretanto, restringido pela Política da Mesma Origem. Seu uso do Selenium Server como proxy evita esse problema. Essencialmente, diz ao navegador que o navegador está funcionando em um único site \u0026ldquo;falsificado\u0026rdquo; que o servidor fornece.\nNota: você pode encontrar informações adicionais sobre este tópico nas páginas da Wikipedia sobre a política da mesma origem e XSS.\nInjeção de Proxy O primeiro método que o Selenium usou para evitar a Política de Mesma Origem foi a injeção de proxy. No modo de injeção de proxy, o servidor Selenium atua como um HTTP configurado pelo cliente proxy 1, que fica entre o navegador e o aplicativo em teste 2. Em seguida, ele mascara a aplicação testada sob uma URL fictícia (incorporação Selenium-Core e o conjunto de testes e entregando-os como se estivessem chegando da mesma origem).\nAqui está um diagrama da arquitetura.\nQuando um conjunto de testes começa em sua linguagem favorita, acontece o seguinte:\n O cliente/driver estabelece uma conexão com o servidor selenium-RC. O servidor Selenium RC inicia um navegador (ou reutiliza um antigo) com uma URL que injeta o JavaScript do Selenium-Core na página da web carregada pelo navegador. O driver do cliente passa um comando Selenese para o servidor. O servidor interpreta o comando e então aciona a execução correspondente de JavaScript para executar esse comando no navegador. Selenium-Core instrui o navegador a agir sobre a primeira instrução, normalmente abrindo uma página da aplicação testada. O navegador recebe a solicitação de abertura e pede o conteúdo do site do servidor Selenium RC (definido como o proxy HTTP para o navegador usar). O servidor Selenium RC se comunica com o servidor Web solicitando a página e uma vez que recebe, envia a página para o navegador mascarando a origem para parecer que a página vem do mesmo servidor que Selenium-Core (isso permite Selenium-Core para cumprir a Política da Mesma Origem). O navegador recebe a página da web e a renderiza no quadro/janela reservado para isso.  Navegadores com privilégio elevado Este fluxo de trabalho neste método é muito semelhante à injeção de proxy, mas a principal diferença é que os navegadores são iniciados em um modo especial chamado de Privilégios Aumentados, que permite que os sites façam coisas que normalmente não são permitidas (como fazer XSS, ou preencher entradas de upload de arquivos e coisas muito úteis para o Selenium). Ao usar esses modos de navegador, o Selenium Core é capaz de abrir diretamente a aplicação testada e ler/interagir com seu conteúdo sem ter que passar a aplicação inteira através do servidor Selenium RC.\nAqui está um diagrama da arquitetura.\nQuando um conjunto de testes começa em sua linguagem favorita, acontece o seguinte:\n O cliente/driver estabelece uma conexão com o servidor selenium-RC. O servidor Selenium RC inicia um navegador (ou reutiliza um antigo) com uma URL que irá carregar o Selenium-Core na página da web. Selenium-Core obtém a primeira instrução do cliente/driver (através de outra solicitação HTTP feita ao servidor Selenium RC). Selenium-Core atua na primeira instrução, normalmente abrindo uma página da aplicação. O navegador recebe a solicitação de abertura e solicita a página ao servidor da Web. Assim que o navegador recebe a página da web, a renderiza no quadro / janela reservado para isso.  Lidando com HTTPS e Popups de segurança Muitos aplicativos mudam de HTTP para HTTPS quando precisam enviar informações criptografadas, como senhas ou informações de cartão de crédito. Isto é comum com muitos dos aplicativos da web de hoje. Selenium RC apoia isso.\nPara garantir que o site HTTPS seja genuíno, o navegador precisará de um certificado de segurança. Caso contrário, quando o navegador acessar a aplicação testada usando HTTPS, ele irá presumir que o aplicativo não é \u0026lsquo;confiável\u0026rsquo;. Quando isso ocorre, o navegador exibe pop-ups de segurança e esses pop-ups não podem ser fechados usando o Selenium RC.\nAo lidar com HTTPS em um teste Selenium RC, você deve usar um modo de execução que suporte isso e controle o certificado de segurança para você. Você especifica o modo de execução quando seu programa de teste inicializa o Selenium.\nNo Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2 e posterior, use *firefox ou *iexplore para o modo de execução. Em versões anteriores, incluindo Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, use *chrome ou *iehta, para o modo de execução. Usando esses modos de execução, você não precisará instalar quaisquer certificados de segurança especiais; Selenium RC cuidará disso para você.\nNa versão 1.0, os modos de execução *firefox ou *iexplore são recomendados. No entanto, existem modos de execução adicionais de *iexploreproxy e *firefoxproxy. Eles são fornecidos apenas para compatibilidade com versões anteriores, e não devem ser usados, a menos que exigido por programas de teste legados. Seu uso vai apresentar limitações com o manuseio do certificado de segurança e com o funcionamento de várias janelas se seu aplicativo abrir janelas adicionais do navegador.\nEm versões anteriores do Selenium RC, *chrome ou *iehta eram os modos de execução que suportavam HTTPS suportado e o tratamento de popups de segurança. Estes foram considerados \u0026lsquo;modos experimentais\u0026rsquo;, embora tenham se tornado bastante estáveis e muitas pessoas os usaram. Se você estiver usando Selenium 1.0 você não precisa, e não deve usar, esses modos de execução mais antigos.\nCertificados de Segurança explicados Normalmente, seu navegador confiará no aplicativo que você está testando instalando um certificado de segurança que você já possui. Você pode verificar isso nas opções do seu navegador ou propriedades da Internet (se você não conheça o certificado de segurança da sua aplicação, pergunte ao administrador do sistema). Quando o Selenium carrega seu navegador, ele injeta um código para interceptar mensagens entre o navegador e o servidor. O navegador agora pensa que algum software não confiável está tentando se parecer com o seu aplicativo. Ele responde alertando você com mensagens pop-up.\nPara contornar isso, Selenium RC, (novamente ao usar um modo de execução que suporta isso) instalará seu próprio certificado de segurança, temporariamente, em sua máquina cliente em um local onde o navegador possa acessá-lo. Isso engana o navegador a pensar que está acessando um site diferente da sua aplicação e suprime efetivamente os pop-ups.\nOutro método usado com versões anteriores do Selenium era instalar o certificado de segurança Cybervillians fornecido com sua instalação do Selenium. A maioria dos usuários não deve mais precisar fazer isso; se você está executando o Selenium RC no modo de injeção de proxy, você pode precisar instalar explicitamente este certificado de segurança.\nSuportando navegadores e configurações adicionais A API Selenium suporta a execução em vários navegadores, além de Internet Explorer e Mozilla Firefox. Veja o site https://selenium.dev para navegadores compatíveis. Além disso, quando um navegador não é diretamente compatível, você ainda pode executar seus testes Selenium em um navegador de sua escolha usando o modo de execução \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; (ou seja, no lugar de *firefox ou *iexplore) quando seu aplicativo de teste inicia o navegador. Com isso, você passa no caminho para os navegadores executáveis na chamada de API. Isso também pode ser feito a partir do servidor em modo interativo.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Executando testes com diferentes configurações de navegador Normalmente o Selenium RC configura automaticamente o navegador, mas se você iniciar o navegador usando o modo de execução \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;, você pode forçar o Selenium RC a iniciar o navegador como está, sem usar uma configuração automática.\nPor exemplo, você pode iniciar o Firefox com uma configuração personalizada como esta:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Observe que ao iniciar o navegador desta forma, você deve manualmente configurar o navegador para usar o servidor Selenium como proxy. Normalmente, isso apenas significa abrir as preferências do navegador e especificar \u0026ldquo;localhost: 4444\u0026rdquo; como um proxy HTTP, mas as instruções para isso podem diferir radicalmente de navegador para navegador. Consulte a documentação do seu navegador para obter detalhes.\nEsteja ciente de que os navegadores Mozilla podem variar em como eles iniciam e param. Pode ser necessário definir a variável de ambiente MOZ_NO_REMOTE para fazer com que os navegadores Mozilla se comportem de maneira mais previsível. Os usuários Unix devem evitar iniciar o navegador usando um script de shell; geralmente é melhor usar o executável binário (por exemplo, firefox-bin) diretamente.\nResolução de problemas comuns Ao começar a usar o Selenium RC, há alguns problemas potenciais que são comumente encontrados. Nós os apresentamos junto com suas soluções aqui.\nIncapaz de conectar ao servidor Quando seu programa de teste não pode se conectar ao servidor Selenium, o Selenium lança uma exceção em seu programa de teste. Ele deve exibir esta mensagem ou outra semelhante:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) Se você vir uma mensagem como esta, certifique-se de iniciar o servidor Selenium. E se então, há um problema com a conectividade entre a biblioteca cliente Selenium e o servidor Selenium.\nAo começar com Selenium RC, a maioria das pessoas começa executando seu programa de teste (com uma biblioteca de cliente Selenium) e o servidor Selenium na mesma máquina. Para fazer isso use \u0026ldquo;localhost\u0026rdquo; como parâmetro de conexão. Recomendamos começar dessa forma, pois reduz a influência de possíveis problemas de rede que você está começando. Supondo que seu sistema operacional tenha uma rede típica e configurações TCP/IP, você deve ter pouca dificuldade. Na verdade, muitas pessoas optam por executar os testes desta forma.\nSe, no entanto, você deseja executar o Selenium Server em uma máquina remota, a conectividade deve ser boa, supondo que você tenha uma conexão TCP/IP válida entre as duas máquinas.\nSe tiver dificuldade para se conectar, você pode usar ferramentas de rede comuns como ping, telnet, ifconfig (Unix) / ipconfig (Windows), etc para garantir que você tenha uma conexão de rede. Se não estiver familiarizado com eles, o administrador do sistema pode ajudá-lo.\nIncapaz de carregar o navegador Ok, não é uma mensagem de erro amigável, desculpe, mas se o servidor Selenium não pode carregar o navegador você provavelmente verá este erro.\n(500) Internal Server Error Isso pode ser causado por\n O Firefox (anterior ao Selenium 1.0) não pode iniciar porque o navegador já está aberto e você o fez não especificar um perfil separado. Consulte a seção sobre perfis do Firefox em Opções do servidor. O modo de execução que você está usando não corresponde a nenhum navegador em sua máquina. Verifique os parâmetros que você passou para o Selenium quando seu programa abre o navegador. Você especificou o caminho para o navegador explicitamente (usando \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; - veja acima), mas o caminho é incorreto. Verifique se o caminho está correto. Verifique também o grupo de usuários para ter certeza de que há nenhum problema conhecido com seu navegador e os parâmetros \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026rdquo;.  Selenium não consegue achar a aplicação testada Se o seu programa de teste iniciar o navegador com sucesso, mas o navegador não exibir o site que você está testando, a causa mais provável é que o seu programa de teste não está usando a URL correta.\nIsso pode acontecer facilmente. Quando você usa Selenium-IDE para exportar seu script, ela insere uma URL fictícia. Você deve alterar manualmente a URL para a correta para que seu aplicativo seja testado.\nO Firefox recusou o desligamento ao preparar um perfil Isso ocorre com mais frequência quando você executa o programa de teste Selenium RC no Firefox, mas você já tem uma sessão do navegador Firefox em execução e não especificou um perfil separado quando você iniciou o servidor Selenium. O erro do programa de teste tem a seguinte aparência:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile Esta é a mensagem de erro completa do servidor:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock Para resolver isso, consulte a seção Especificando um perfil separado do Firefox\nProblemas de versionamento Certifique-se de que sua versão do Selenium é compatível com a versão do seu navegador. Por exemplo, Selenium RC 0.92 não suporta Firefox 3. Às vezes você pode ter sorte (eu tive). Mas não se esqueça de verificar quais versões do navegador são compatíveis com a versão do Selenium que você está usando. Quando em dúvida, use a versão mais recente do Selenium com a versão mais usada do seu navegador.\nMensagem de erro: \u0026ldquo;(Unsupported major.minor version 49.0)\u0026rdquo; ao inicializar o servidor Este erro diz que você não está usando uma versão correta do Java. O Selenium Server requer Java 1.5 ou superior.\nPara verificar novamente sua versão java, execute na linha de comando:\njava -version Você deve ver uma mensagem mostrando a versão do Java.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) Se você vir um número de versão inferior, pode ser necessário atualizar o JRE, ou você pode simplesmente precisar adicioná-lo à sua variável de ambiente PATH.\nErro 404 ao executar o comando getNewBrowserSession Se você receber um erro 404 ao tentar abrir uma página em \u0026ldquo;http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;, então deve ser porque o servidor Selenium não foi configurado corretamente como proxy. O diretório \u0026ldquo;selenium-server\u0026rdquo; não existe no google.com; só parece existir quando o proxy é configurado corretamente. A configuração do proxy depende muito de como o navegador é lançado com firefox, iexplore, opera ou custom.\n  iexplore: se o navegador for iniciado usando *iexplore, você pode estar tendo um problema com as configurações de proxy do Internet Explorer. O servidor Selenium tenta definir as configurações globais de proxy no painel de controle Opções da Internet. Você deve se certificar de que elas estão corretamente configuradas quando o servidor Selenium inicia o navegador. Tente olhar para seu painel de controle Opções da Internet. Clique na guia \u0026ldquo;Conexões\u0026rdquo; e clique em \u0026ldquo;Configurações da LAN\u0026rdquo;.\n Se você precisar usar um proxy para acessar o aplicativo que deseja testar, você precisará iniciar o Selenium Server com \u0026ldquo;-Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026rdquo;; veja Configuração de Proxy para mais detalhes. Você também pode tentar configurar seu proxy manualmente e, em seguida, iniciar o navegador com *custom ou com o iniciador de navegador *iehta.    custom: ao usar *custom, você deve configurar o proxy corretamente (manualmente), caso contrário, você obterá um erro 404. Verifique novamente se você configurou seu proxy corretamente. Verificar se você configurou o proxy corretamente é configurar intencionalmente o navegador de forma incorreta. Tente configurar o navegador para usar o nome de host do servidor proxy errado ou a porta errada. Se você tinha configurado com sucesso as configurações de proxy do navegador incorretamente, então o navegador não conseguirá se conectar à Internet, o que é uma maneira de certificar-se de que está ajustando as configurações relevantes.\n  Para outros navegadores (*firefox, *opera), codificamos automaticamente o proxy para você e, portanto, não há problemas conhecidos com essa funcionalidade. Se você estiver encontrando erros 404 e tiver seguido este guia do usuário cuidadosamente publique seus resultados no grupo de usuários para obter ajuda da comunidade de usuários.\n  Erro de permissão negada O motivo mais comum para esse erro é que sua sessão está tentando violar a política de mesma origem cruzando os limites do domínio (por exemplo, acessa uma página de http://domínio1 e, em seguida, acessa uma página de http://domínio2) ou troca de protocolos (passando de http://domainX para https://domainX).\nEste erro também pode ocorrer quando o JavaScript tenta encontrar objetos de IU que ainda não estão disponíveis (antes que a página seja completamente carregada), ou não estão mais disponíveis (após a página começar a ser descarregada). Isso é mais comumente encontrado com páginas AJAX que estão trabalhando com seções de uma página ou subframes que carregam e / ou recarregam independentemente da página maior.\nEste erro pode ser intermitente. Muitas vezes é impossível reproduzir o problema com um depurador porque o problema decorre de condições de corrida que não são reproduzíveis quando a sobrecarga do depurador é adicionada ao sistema. As questões de permissão são abordadas com alguns detalhes no tutorial. Leia a seção sobre a Política da Mesma Origem, Injeção de Proxy com cuidado.\nGerenciando janelas pop-up do navegador Existem vários tipos de \u0026ldquo;Popups\u0026rdquo; que você pode obter durante um teste Selenium. Você pode não conseguir fechar esses pop-ups executando comandos do Selenium se eles são iniciados pelo navegador e não pela aplicação testada. Você pode precisar saber como gerenciá-los. Cada tipo de pop-up precisa ser tratado de maneira diferente.\n  Diálogos de autenticação básica de HTTP: esses diálogos solicitam um nome de usuário / senha para fazer o login no site. Para fazer login em um site que requer autenticação básica HTTP, use um nome de usuário e senha no URL, como descrito em RFC 1738, assim: open(\u0026ldquo;http://myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026quot;).\n  Avisos de certificado SSL: Selenium RC tenta automaticamente falsificar certificados SSL quando está habilitado como proxy; veja mais sobre isso na seção HTTPS. Se o seu navegador estiver configurado corretamente, você nunca deve ver avisos de certificado SSL, mas pode ser necessário configurar seu navegador para confiar em nossa perigosa CA SSL \u0026ldquo;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo;. Novamente, consulte a seção HTTPS para saber como fazer isso.\n  caixas de diálogo de alerta / confirmação / prompt de JavaScript modais: Selenium tenta ocultar essas caixas de diálogo de você (substituindo window.alert, window.confirm e window.prompt) para que não parem a execução da sua página. Se você está vendo um pop-up de alerta, provavelmente é porque ele disparou durante o processo de carregamento da página, o que geralmente é muito cedo para protegermos a página. Selenese contém comandos para afirmar ou verificar pop-ups de alerta e confirmação. Veja as seções sobre estes tópicos no Capítulo 4.\n  No Linux, por que minha sessão do navegador Firefox não está fechando? No Unix / Linux, você deve invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; diretamente, então certifique-se de que este executável está no path. Se estiver executando o Firefox por meio de um script de shell, quando chegar a hora de encerrar o navegador, o Selenium RC irá encerrar o script de shell, deixando o navegador em execução. Você pode especificar o caminho para o firefox-bin diretamente, assim:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome não funciona com perfil personalizado Verifique a pasta de perfil do Firefox -\u0026gt; prefs.js -\u0026gt; user_pref (\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); Comente esta linha assim: \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0); \u0026quot; e tente novamente.\nPosso carregar um pop-up personalizado enquanto a página pai está carregando (ou seja, antes que a função javascript window.onload() da página principal seja executada)? Não. O Selenium depende de interceptadores para determinar os nomes das janelas à medida que são carregadas. Esses interceptores funcionam melhor na captura de novas janelas se as janelas forem carregadas DEPOIS a função onload(). O Selenium pode não reconhecer as janelas carregadas antes da função onload.\nFirefox no Linux No Unix / Linux, versões do Selenium anteriores a 1.0 precisavam invocar \u0026ldquo;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo; diretamente, então, se você estiver usando uma versão anterior, certifique-se de que o real executável está no caminho.\nNa maioria das distribuições Linux, o verdadeiro firefox-bin está localizado em:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ Onde x.x.x é o número da versão que você possui atualmente. Então, para adicionar esse caminho no path do usuário. você terá que adicionar o seguinte ao seu arquivo .bashrc:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; Se necessário, você pode especificar o caminho para o firefox-bin diretamente em seu teste, assim:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE e atributos de estilo Se você estiver executando seus testes no Internet Explorer e não conseguir localizar elementos usando seu atributo style. Por exemplo:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] Isso funcionaria perfeitamente no Firefox, Opera ou Safari, mas não com o IE. O IE interpreta as chaves em @style como maiúsculas. Então, mesmo que o o código-fonte está em letras minúsculas, você deve usar:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] Isso é um problema se o seu teste se destina a funcionar em vários navegadores, mas você pode facilmente codificar seu teste para detectar a situação e tentar o localizador alternativo que só funciona no IE.\nErro encontrado - \u0026ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value\u0026rdquo; no delsigamento do navegador *googlechrome Para evitar esse erro, você deve iniciar o navegador com uma opção que desativa as verificações da política de mesma origem:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); Erro encontrado no IE - \u0026ldquo;Couldn\u0026rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?\u0026rdquo; Para evitar esse erro, você deve configurar o navegador: desative o bloqueador de pop-ups e desmarque a opção \u0026lsquo;Ativar modo protegido\u0026rsquo; em Ferramentas \u0026raquo; Opções \u0026raquo; Segurança.\n  O proxy é uma terceira pessoa no meio que passa a bola entre as duas partes. Ele atua como um \u0026ldquo;servidor da web\u0026rdquo; que entrega a aplicação ao navegador. Ser um proxy dá ao Selenium Server a capacidade de \u0026ldquo;mentir\u0026rdquo; sobre a URL real da aplicação. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n O navegador é iniciado com um perfil de configuração que definiu localhost:4444 como o proxy HTTP, é por isso que qualquer solicitação HTTP que o navegador fizer passará pelo servidor Selenium e a resposta passará por ele e não pelo servidor real. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/","title":"Tour rápido","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium não é só uma ferramenta ou API, mas sim uma composição de várias ferramentas.\nWebDriver Se você está começando com automação de testes de um site de desktop ou site para celular, então vai usar as APIs WebDriver. O WebDriver usa APIs de automação de navegador disponibilizadas por fornecedores de navegador para o controlar e executar testes. É como se um usuário real o estivesse operando. Como o WebDriver não exige que sua API seja compilada com o código do aplicativo, não é intrusivo. Portanto, você está testando o mesmo aplicativo que você envia aos ambientes de produção.\nIDE IDE (Ambiente de Desenvolvimento Integrado, em português) é a ferramenta que você usa para desenvolver seus casos de teste Selenium. É uma extensão para Chrome e Firefox fácil de usar e geralmente é a maneira mais eficiente de desenvolver casos de teste. Ela registra as ações dos usuários no navegador para você, usando comandos Selenium existentes, com parâmetros definidos pelo contexto daquele elemento. Isso não é apenas uma economia de tempo, mas também uma maneira excelente de aprender a sintaxe de script do Selenium.\nGrid Selenium Grid permite que você execute casos de teste em diferentes máquinas em diferentes plataformas. O controle para acionar os casos de teste está na extremidade local, e quando os casos de teste são acionados, eles são automaticamente executados pela extremidade remota.\nApós o desenvolvimento dos testes WebDriver, você pode enfrentar a necessidade de executar seus testes em vários navegadores e combinações de sistemas operacionais. É aqui que o Grid entra em cena.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"Cliente do WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Para executar um cliente WebDriver remoto, primeiro precisamos nos conectar ao RemoteWebDriver. Fazemos isso apontando a URL para o endereço do servidor que está executando nossos testes. Para personalizar nossa configuração, definimos os recursos desejados. Abaixo está um exemplo de como instanciar um objeto WebDriver remoto apontando para nosso servidor remoto da web, www.example.com, executando nossos testes no Firefox.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Para personalizar ainda mais nossa configuração de teste, podemos adicionar outros recursos desejados.\nOpções do browser Por exemplo, suponha que você queira executar o Chrome no Windows XP, usando o Chrome versão 67:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     Detector de arquivo local O Detector de Arquivo Local permite a transferência de arquivos da máquina do cliente para o servidor remoto. Por exemplo, se um teste precisa carregar um arquivo para um aplicativo da web, um WebDriver remoto pode transferir automaticamente o arquivo da máquina local para o servidor web remoto durante o tempo de execução. Isso permite que o arquivo seja carregado da máquina remota executando o teste. Não é habilitado por padrão e pode ser habilitado em da seguinte forma:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     Assim que o código acima for definido, você pode fazer upload de um arquivo em seu teste da seguinte maneira:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     Tracing client requests This feature is only available for Java client binding (Beta onwards). The Remote WebDriver client sends requests to the Selenium Grid server, which passes them to the WebDriver. Tracing should be enabled at the server and client-side to trace the HTTP requests end-to-end. Both ends should have a trace exporter setup pointing to the visualization framework. By default, tracing is enabled for both client and server. To set up the visualization framework Jaeger UI and Selenium Grid 4, please refer to Tracing Setup for the desired version.\nFor client-side setup, follow the steps below.\nBeta 1 Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 onwards Add the required dependencies Installation of external libraries for tracing exporter can be done using Maven. Add the opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger and grpc-netty dependency in your project pom.xml:\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Add/pass the required system properties while running the client Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Please refer to Tracing Setup for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.\nMore information can be found at:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io Configuring OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid Observability  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando a sua","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para usar Selenium Grid, você precisa manter sua própria infraestrutura para os nós. Como isso pode ser um esforço pesado e intenso, muitas organizações usam provedores IaaS como Amazon EC2 e Google Compute para fornecer essa infraestrutura.\nOutras opções incluem o uso de provedores como Sauce Labs ou Testing Bot que fornecem uma Selenium Grid como um serviço na nuvem. Certamente também é possível executar nós em seu próprio hardware. Este capítulo entrará em detalhes sobre a opção de executar sua própria Grid, completo com sua própria infraestrutura de nós.\nInício Este exemplo mostrará como iniciar o Selenium 2 Grid Hub, e registrar um nó WebDriver e um nó legado Selenium 1 RC. Também mostraremos como chamar a Grid a partir do Java. O hub e os nós são mostrados aqui em execução na mesma máquina, mas é claro que você pode copiar o selenium-server-standalone para várias máquinas.\nO pacote selenium-server-standalone inclui o hub, WebDriver e RC legado necessários para executar o Grid, ant não é mais necessário. Você pode baixar o selenium-server-standalone.jar de https://selenium.dev/downloads/.\nPasso 1: Inicialize o Hub O Hub é o ponto central que receberá solicitações de teste e os distribuirá para os nós certos. A distribuição é feita com base em recursos, significando que um teste que requer um conjunto de recursos só será distribuído para nós que oferecem esse conjunto ou subconjunto de recursos.\nPorque os recursos desejados de um teste são apenas o que o nome indica, desired, o hub não pode garantir que localizará um nó corresponder totalmente ao conjunto de recursos desejados solicitados.\nAbra um prompt de comando e navegue até o diretório onde você copiou o arquivo selenium-server-standalone.jar. Você inicia o hub passando a sinalização -role hub para o servidor autônomo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub The Hub will listen to port 4444 by default. You can view the status of the hub by opening a browser window and navigating to http://localhost:4444/grid/console.\nPara alterar a porta padrão, você pode adicionar a flag opcional -port com um número inteiro representando a porta a ser ouvida quando você executa o comando. Além disso, todas as outras opções que você vê no arquivo de configuração JSON (veja abaixo) são possíveis flags de linha de comando.\nVocê certamente pode sobreviver apenas com o comando simples mostrado acima, mas se você precisar de uma configuração mais avançada, você também pode especificar um arquivo de configuração de formato JSON, por conveniência, para configurar o hub ao iniciá-lo. Você pode fazer assim:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug Abaixo você verá um exemplo de um arquivo hubConfig.json. Entraremos em mais detalhes sobre como fornecer arquivos de configuração de nó no Passo 2.\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} Pasos 2: Inicialize os Nós Independentemente de você querer executar uma Grid com a nova funcionalidade WebDriver, ou uma Grid com funcionalidade Selenium 1 RC, ou os dois ao mesmo tempo, você usa o mesmo arquivo selenium-server-standalone.jar para iniciar os nós:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 Se uma porta não for especificada por meio do sinalizador -port, uma porta livre será escolhida. Você pode executar vários nós em uma máquina mas se você fizer isso, você precisa estar ciente dos recursos de memória de seus sistemas e problemas com capturas de tela se seus testes as fizerem.\nConfiguração de um nó com opções Como mencionado, para compatibilidade com versões anteriores as funções “wd” e “rc” ainda são um subconjunto válido da função “node”. Mas essas funções limitam os tipos de conexões remotas para sua API correspondente, enquanto “node” permite conexões remotas RC e WebDriver.\nAo passar propriedades JVM (usando o sinalizador -D antes do argumento -jar) na linha de comando também, estas serão coletadas e propagadas para os nós:\n-Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\nConfiguração de um nó com JSON Você também pode iniciar nós da Grid que estão configurados com um arquivo de configuração JSON\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json E aqui está um exemplo do arquivo nodeConfig.json:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } Uma observação sobre a flag -host\nPara hub e nó, se a flag -host não for especificada, 0.0.0.0 será usado por padrão. Isso se ligará a todos as interfaces IPv4 públicas (sem loopback) da máquina. Se você tem uma configuração especial de rede ou qualquer componente que crie interfaces de rede extras, é aconselhável definir a flag -host com um valor que permite o hub / nó acessível a partir de uma máquina diferente.\nEspecificando a porta A porta TCP / IP padrão usada pelo hub é 4444. Se você precisar alterar a porta use as configurações mencionadas acima.\nSolução de problemas Usando um arquivo de log Para solução de problemas avançada, você pode especificar um arquivo de log para registrar mensagens do sistema. Inicie o hub ou nó Selenium Grid com o argumento -log. Por favor, veja o exemplo abaixo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt Use o seu editor de texto favorito para abrir o arquivo de log (log.txt no exemplo acima) para encontrar registros de \u0026ldquo;ERROR\u0026rdquo; se você tiver problemas.\nUsando o argumento -debug Você também pode usar o argumento -debug para imprimir logs de depuração no console. Inicie o Selenium Grid Hub ou Node com o argumento -debug. Por favor, veja o exemplo abaixo:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug Aviso A Selenium Grid deve ser protegida do acesso externo usando permissões de firewall.\nA falha em proteger sua rede pode resultar em um ou mais dos seguintes eventos:\n Você fornece acesso aberto à sua infraestrutura de rede Você permite que terceiros acessem aplicativos e arquivos internos da web Você permite que terceiros executem binários personalizados  Veja esta postagem do blog em Detectify, que dá uma boa visão geral de como uma rede exposta publicamente pode ser mal utilizada: Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta.\nDocker Selenium Docker fornece uma maneira conveniente de provisionar e escalar a infraestrutura da Selenium Grid em uma unidade conhecida como contêiner. Os contêineres são unidades padronizadas de software que contêm tudo o que é necessário para executar o aplicativo desejado, incluindo todas as dependências, de forma confiável e repetível em máquinas diferentes.\nO projeto Selenium mantém um conjunto de imagens Docker que você pode baixar e executar para colocar uma Grid em funcionamento rapidamente. Os nós estão disponíveis para Firefox e Chrome. Detalhes completos de como provisionar uma grade podem ser encontrados no repositório Docker Selenium.\nPré-requisitos O único requisito para executar um Grid é ter o Docker instalado e funcionando. [Instale o Docker] (// www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop).\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"Configurando a sua","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diferentes modos de configuração de Grid no Selenium 4:  Standalone Hub and Node Distributed Docker  Modo Standalone: O novo Selenium Server Jar contém tudo que você precisa para executar uma Grid. É também o modo mais fácil de ligar uma Selenium Grid. Por padrão, o servidor estará escutando em http://localhost:4444, e essa é a URL para a qual você deve apontar seus testes RemoteWebDriver. O servidor detectará os drivers disponíveis que podem ser usados no PATH do sistema\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar standalone Modo Hub e Nó: Inicialize o Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar hub Registre o Nó: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar node --detect-drivers true Faça a busca na Selenium Grid: No Selenium 4, também adicionamos GraphQL, uma nova maneira de consultar os dados necessários facilmente e obter exatamente a mesma coisa.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \nModo Distribuído:   Passo 1: Em primeiro lugar, inicie o Event Bus, ele serve como um caminho de comunicação para outros componentes da rede nas etapas subsequentes.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar event-bus   Passo 2: Inicie o mapa da sessão, que é responsável por mapear os IDs da sessão para o nó em que a sessão está sendo executada:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar sessions   Passo 3: Inicie o novo enfileirador de sessão, ele adiciona a nova solicitação de sessão a uma fila local. O distribuidor atende o pedido da fila.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar sessionqueue   Passo 4: Inicie o Distribuidor. Todos os Nós são anexados como parte do processo do Distribuidor. É responsável por atribuir um nó, quando um pedido de criação de sessão é invocado.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   Passo 5: A próxima etapa é iniciar o Roteador, um endereço que você exporia à web\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   Step 6: Finalmente, adicione um Nó\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar node --detect-drivers true   Inicie a Standalone Grid via imagens Docker Você pode simplesmente iniciar um Nó com o seguinte comando:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-1.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; Você pode iniciar o servidor Selenium e delegá-lo ao docker para a criação de novas instâncias:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-6.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false Aviso A Selenium Grid deve ser protegida do acesso externo usando permissões de firewall.\nA falha em proteger sua rede pode resultar em um ou mais dos seguintes eventos:\n Você fornece acesso aberto à sua infraestrutura de rede Você permite que terceiros acessem aplicativos e arquivos internos da web Você permite que terceiros executem binários personalizados  Veja esta postagem do blog em Detectify, que dá uma boa visão geral de como uma rede exposta publicamente pode ser mal utilizada: Não deixe sua grade totalmente aberta.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"Convenções tipográficas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Capitalização de títulos Deve-se evitar a capitalização do título, como Um Título Muito Estiloso, e em vez disso, use Um título muito estiloso. Letras maiúsculas gratuitas, ou caixa do título, muitas vezes mostram um mal-entendido - ou um desprezo por - convenções ortográficas. Preferimos o que é conhecido como sentence case, com uma única inicial maiúscula para iniciar cabeçalhos.\nComprimento da linha Ao editar o código fonte da documentação, que é escrito em HTML puro, limite o comprimento das linhas a cerca de 72 caracteres.\nAlguns de nós dão um passo adiante e usam o que é chamado de linefeeds semânticos, que é uma técnica pela qual as linhas de origem HTML, que não são lidos pelo público, são divididas em \u0026ldquo;intervalos naturais\u0026rdquo; na prosa. Em outras palavras, as frases são divididas em quebras naturais entre as orações. Em vez de se preocupar com as linhas de cada parágrafo de modo que todos terminem perto da margem direita, os feeds de linha podem ser adicionados em qualquer lugar que existe uma ruptura entre as ideias.\nIsso pode tornar as diffs muito fáceis de ler ao colaborar por meio do git, mas não é algo que obrigamos os colaboradores a usar.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"Downloads de arquivo","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Embora seja possível iniciar um download clicando em um link com um navegador sob o controle do Selenium, a API não expõe o progresso do download, tornando-o menos do que ideal para testar arquivos baixados. Isso ocorre porque o download de arquivos não é considerado um aspecto importante de emular a interação do usuário com a plataforma da web. Em vez disso, encontre o link usando Selenium (e todos os cookies necessários) e passe este cookie para uma biblioteca de solicitação HTTP como libcurl.\nO driver HtmlUnit pode baixar anexos acessando-os como fluxos de entrada, implementando o AttachmentHandler. O AttachmentHandler pode ser adicionado ao WebClient HtmlUnit.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"Drivers e plugins de terceiros","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium pode ser estendido com o uso de plug-ins. Aqui estão alguns plugins criados e mantidos por terceiros. Para obter mais informações sobre como para criar seu próprio plugin ou listá-lo, consulte a documentação.\nObserve que esses plug-ins não são suportados, mantidos, hospedados ou endossados pelo projeto Selenium. Além disso, esteja ciente de que os plug-ins listados abaixo não são necessariamente licenciados sob a Licença Apache v.2.0. Alguns dos plug-ins estão disponíveis em outro software de código aberto e gratuito licença; outros estão disponíveis apenas sob licença proprietária. Alguma pergunta sobre plug-ins e suas licenças de distribuição precisam ser levantadas com seus respectivo(s) desenvolvedor(es).\n   Nevgador Atual Changelog Issues     Mozilla GeckoDriver latest change log issue tracker   Google Chrome Driver latest change log issue tracker   Opera latest - issue tracker   Microsoft Edge Driver latest - issue tracker   SafariDriver Embutido - issue tracker    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"Instalando binários do WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para executar seu projeto e controlar o navegador, você precisa ter binários WebDriver específicos do navegador instalados.\nBaixe o binário WebDriver suportado pelo seu navegador e coloque-o no System PATH.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/","title":"Introdução","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução Selenium é um projeto abrangente para uma gama de ferramentas e bibliotecas que permitem e suportam a automação de navegadores da web.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"Linguagem específica de domínio (DSL)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Uma linguagem específica de domínio (DSL) é um sistema que fornece ao usuário um meio expressivo de resolver um problema. Ele permite a um usuário interagir com o sistema em seus termos - não apenas na linguagem do programador.\nSeus usuários, em geral, não se importam com a aparência do seu site. Eles não preocupam-se com a decoração, animações ou gráficos. Eles deseja usar seu sistema para empurrar seus novos funcionários através do processo com dificuldade mínima; eles querem reservar uma viagem para o Alasca; eles querem configurar e comprar unicórnios com desconto. Seu trabalho como testador deve chegar o mais perto possível de “capturar” essa mentalidade. Com isso em mente, começamos a \u0026ldquo;modelar\u0026rdquo; o aplicativo que você está trabalhando, de modo que os scripts de teste (o único proxy de pré-lançamento do usuário) “fala a linguagem” e representa o usuário.\nCom Selenium, DSL é geralmente representado por métodos, escritos para fazer a API simples e legível - eles permitem um relatório entre o desenvolvedores e as partes interessadas (usuários, proprietários de produtos, negócios especialistas em inteligência, etc.).\nBenefícios  Legível: As partes interessadas da empresa podem entendê-lo. Gravável: Fácil de escrever, evita duplicações desnecessárias. Extensível: Funcionalidade pode (razoavelmente) ser adicionada sem quebrar contratos e funcionalidades existentes. Manutenção: Deixando os detalhes de implementação fora do teste casos, você está bem isolado contra alterações no AUT *.  Java Aqui está um exemplo de um método DSL razoável em Java. Por questão de brevidade, ele assume que o objeto driver é pré-definido e está disponível para o método.\n/** * Recebe um username e password, prrenche os campos, e clica em \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return Uma instância de AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Preenche o campo password. O localizador que estamos usando é \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, e devemos  // definí-lo em algum outro lugar dentro da Classe.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Clica o botão de login, que possui o id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Cria e retorna uma nova instância de AccountPage (via o Selenium  // PageFactory embutido).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } Este método abstrai completamente os conceitos de campos de entrada, botões, cliques e até páginas do seu código de teste. Usando este abordagem, tudo o que o testador precisa fazer é chamar esse método. Isto dá uma vantagem de manutenção: se os campos de login mudaram, você teria apenas que alterar esse método - não seus testes.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Agora que estamos logados, fazemos alguma outra coisa--como usamos uma DSL para suportar  // nossos testadores, é apenas escolher um dos métodos disponíveis.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Algo deveria ter sido feito!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note que ainda não nos referimos a nenhum botão ou web control nesse  // script... } Vale a pena repetir: um de seus principais objetivos deve ser escrever um API que permite que seus testes resolvam o problema em questão, e NÃO o problema da IU. A IU é uma preocupação secundária para o seu usuários - eles não se importam com a interface do usuário, eles apenas querem fazer seu trabalho feito. Seus scripts de teste devem ser lidos como uma lista de itens sujos que o usuário deseja FAZER e as coisas que deseja SABER. Os testes não devem se preocupar com COMO a interface do usuário exige que você vá sobre isso.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"Migrando do RC para WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Como migrar para o Selenium WebDriver Uma pergunta comum ao adotar o Selenium 2 é qual é a coisa certa a fazer ao adicionar novos testes a um conjunto existente de testes? Usuários que são novos no framework podem começar usando as novas APIs WebDriver para escrever seus testes. Mas e os usuários que já possuem suítes de testes existentes? Este guia é projetado para demonstrar como migrar seus testes existentes para as novas APIs, permitindo que todos os novos testes sejam escritos usando os novos recursos oferecidos pelo WebDriver.\nO método apresentado aqui descreve uma migração gradativa para as APIs WebDriver sem precisar refazer tudo em um push massivo. Isso significa que você pode permitir mais tempo para migrar seus testes existentes, que pode tornar mais fácil para você decidir onde investir seu esforço.\nEste guia foi escrito em Java, porque tem o melhor suporte para fazer a migração. À medida que fornecemos ferramentas melhores para outras linguagens, este guia deve ser expandido para incluir essas linguagens.\nPorque migrar para o WebDriver Mover um conjunto de testes de uma API para outra requer uma enorme quantidade de esforço. Por que você e sua equipe considerariam fazer essa mudança? Aqui estão alguns motivos pelos quais você deve considerar a migração de seus testes Selenium para usar o WebDriver.\n API menor e compacta. A API do WebDriver é mais orientada a objetos do que o Selenium RC API original. Isso pode facilitar o trabalho. Melhor emulação das interações do usuário. Sempre que possível, o WebDriver faz uso de eventos nativos para interagir com uma página da web. Imita melhor a maneira como seus usuários trabalham com seu site e aplicativos. Além do que, o WebDriver oferece APIs de interações de usuário avançadas que permitem que você modele interações complexas com seu site. Suporte de fornecedores de navegadores. Opera, Mozilla e Google são todos participantes ativos do desenvolvimento do WebDriver, e cada um tem engenheiros trabalhando para melhorar a estrutura. Frequentemente, isso significa que o suporte para WebDriver está embutido no próprio navegador: seus testes são executados tão rápidos e estáveis quanto possível.  Antes de começar A fim de tornar o processo de migração o mais indolor possível, certifique-se de que todos os seus testes sejam executados corretamente com a versão mais recente do Selenium. Isso pode parecer óbvio, mas é melhor que seja dito!\nComeçando A primeira etapa ao iniciar a migração é mudar a forma como você obtém sua instância Selenium. Ao usar Selenium RC, isso é feito assim:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); Isso deve ser substituído assim:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); Próximos passos Depois que seus testes forem executados sem erros, a próxima etapa é migrar o código de teste real para usar as APIs WebDriver. Dependendo de quão bem você abstrair o seu código, pode ser um processo curto ou longo. Em ambos os casos, a abordagem é a mesma e pode ser resumida simplesmente: modifique o código para usar a nova API quando for editá-lo.\nSe você precisar extrair a implementação WebDriver subjacente da instância Selenium, você pode simplesmente fazer um cast para WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); Isso permite que você continue passando a instância Selenium como normal, mas desembrulhar a instância do WebDriver conforme necessário.\nEm algum ponto, sua base de código usará principalmente as APIs mais recentes. Neste ponto, você pode inverter o relacionamento, usando WebDriver em tudo e instanciar uma instância do Selenium sob demanda:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); Problemas comuns Felizmente, você não é a primeira pessoa a passar por essa migração, então, aqui estão alguns problemas comuns que outras pessoas viram e como resolvê-los.\nClicar e digitar são mais completos Um padrão comum em um teste de Selenium RC é ver algo como:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); Isso se baseia no fato de que o \u0026ldquo;tipo\u0026rdquo; simplesmente substitui o conteúdo do elemento identificado sem também disparar todos os eventos que normalmente seriam disparados se um usuário interagir com a página. As invocações diretas finais de \u0026ldquo;key*\u0026rdquo; faz com que os manipuladores JS sejam acionados conforme o esperado.\nAo usar o WebDriverBackedSelenium, o resultado do preenchimento do campo do formulário seria \u0026ldquo;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;: não o que você esperaria! O motivo disso é que o WebDriver emula com mais precisão o comportamento do usuário, e assim terá disparado eventos o tempo todo.\nEsse mesmo fato às vezes pode fazer com que o carregamento da página seja disparado antes do que aconteceria em um teste de Selenium 1. Você pode dizer que isso aconteceu se uma \u0026ldquo;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo; é lançada pelo WebDriver.\nWaitForPageToLoad retorna muito cedo Descobrir quando o carregamento de uma página está completo é uma tarefa complicada. Queremos dizer \u0026ldquo;quando o evento de carregamento dispara\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;quando todas as solicitações AJAX são concluídas\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;quando não há tráfego de rede \u0026ldquo;,\u0026rdquo; quando document.readyState mudou\u0026rdquo; ou outra coisa completamente diferente?\nWebDriver tenta simular o comportamento original do Selenium, mas isso não sempre funciona perfeitamente por vários motivos. O motivo mais comum é que é difícil dizer a diferença entre um carregamento de página que ainda não começou e um carregamento da página concluído entre as chamadas de método. Isso às vezes significa que o controle é devolvido ao seu teste antes que a página termine (ou mesmo comece!) o carregamento.\nA solução para isso é esperar por algo específico. Normalmente, isso pode ser o elemento com o qual deseja interagir a seguir, ou para alguma variável Javascript a ser definida com um valor específico. Um exemplo seria:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); Onde \u0026ldquo;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026rdquo; é implementado como:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } Isso pode parecer complexo, mas é quase todo um código padrão. O único interessante é que a \u0026ldquo;condição esperada\u0026rdquo; será avaliada repetidamente até que o método \u0026ldquo;apply\u0026rdquo; retorne algo que não seja \u0026ldquo;null\u0026rdquo; nem Boolean.FALSE.\nClaro, adicionar todas essas chamadas de \u0026ldquo;wait\u0026rdquo; pode confundir seu código. E se esse é o caso, e suas necessidades são simples, considere usar as esperas implícitas:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); Ao fazer isso, toda vez que um elemento é localizado, se o elemento não estiver presente, o local é tentado novamente até que esteja presente ou até 30 segundos passados.\nEncontrar por seletores XPath ou CSS nem sempre funciona, mas funciona no Selenium 1 No Selenium 1, era comum para o xpath usar uma biblioteca agrupada em vez de os recursos do próprio navegador. WebDriver sempre usará os métodos nativos do navegador, a menos que não haja alternativa. Isso significa que expressões xpath complexas podem falhar em alguns navegadores.\nOs seletores CSS no Selenium 1 foram implementados usando a biblioteca Sizzle. Esta biblioteca implementa um superconjunto da CSS Selector Spec, e nem sempre é claro onde você cruzou a linha. Se você estiver usando o WebDriverBackedSelenium e usar um Localizador Sizzle em vez de um Seletor CSS para encontrar elementos, um aviso ser registrado no console. Vale a pena procurar por eles, particularmente se os testes estão falhando por não ser capaz de encontrar os elementos.\nNão há nenhum Browserbot O Selenium RC era baseado no Selenium Core e, portanto, quando você executava Javascript, você podia acessar bits do Selenium Core para tornar as coisas mais fáceis. Como o WebDriver não é baseado no Selenium Core, isso não é mais possível. Como você pode saber se está usando Selenium Core? Simples! Basta olhar para ver se o seu \u0026ldquo;getEval\u0026rdquo; ou chamadas semelhantes usam \u0026ldquo;selenium\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;browserbot\u0026rdquo; no Javascript avaliado.\nVocê pode estar usando o browserbot para obter um identificador para a janela atual ou documento do teste. Felizmente, o WebDriver sempre avalia JS no contexto da janela atual, então você pode usar \u0026ldquo;window\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; diretamente.\nComo alternativa, você pode usar o browserbot para localizar elementos. No WebDriver, o idioma para fazer isso é primeiro localizar o elemento, e então passe isso como um argumento para o Javascript. Portanto:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); se torna:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); Observe como a variável \u0026ldquo;element\u0026rdquo; passada aparece como o primeiro item na array de \u0026ldquo;arguments\u0026rdquo; padrão do JS.\nA execução de Javascript não retorna nada O JavascriptExecutor do WebDriver envolverá todo o JS e o avaliará como uma expressão anônima. Isso significa que você precisa usar a palavra-chave \u0026ldquo;return\u0026rdquo;:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); se torna:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"Observability","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese (Brazil). Do you speak Portuguese (Brazil)? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"Quando usar a Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"De modo geral, há dois motivos pelos quais você pode querer usar a Grid.\n Para executar seus testes em vários navegadores, várias versões de navegador, e navegadores executados em diferentes sistemas operacionais. Para reduzir o tempo que leva para o conjunto de testes concluir uma aprovação no teste.  A Grid é usada para acelerar a execução dos testes usando várias máquinas para executar testes em paralelo. Por exemplo, se você tiver um conjunto de 100 testes, mas você configurou o Grid para suportar 4 máquinas diferentes (VMs ou máquinas físicas separadas) para executar esses testes, seu conjunto de testes será concluído em (aproximadamente) um quarto do tempo, do que se você executasse seus testes sequencialmente em uma única máquina. Para grandes conjuntos de testes e conjuntos de testes de longa duração, como aqueles que realizam grandes quantidades de validação de dados, isso pode ser um economizador de tempo significativo. Alguns conjuntos de testes podem levar horas para serem executados. Outro motivo para impulsionar o tempo gasto na execução do pacote é para encurtar o tempo de resposta para os resultados do teste após o código de check-in dos desenvolvedores para o AUT. Cada vez mais equipes de software praticando o desenvolvimento de software Agile desejam testar o feedback tão imediatamente quanto possível, em oposição a esperar durante a noite para uma aprovação no teste durante a noite.\nA Grid também é usada para suportar testes em execução em vários ambientes de runtime, especificamente, em diferentes navegadores ao mesmo tempo. Por exemplo, uma ‘Grid’ de máquinas virtuais pode ser configurada com cada uma suportando um navegador diferente que o aplicativo a ser testado deve suportar. Então, máquina 1 tem Internet Explorer 8, máquina 2, Internet Explorer 9, máquina 3, o mais recente Chrome e máquina 4 com o Firefox mais recente. Quando o conjunto de testes é executado, o Selenium Grid recebe cada combinação de navegador de teste e atribui cada teste a um navegador necessário.\nAlém disso, pode-se ter uma Grid do mesmo navegador, tipo e versão. Por exemplo, pode-se ter uma Grid de 4 máquinas, cada uma executando 3 instâncias de Firefox 70, permitindo um ‘server-farm’ (em certo sentido) de Firefox. Quando o pacote é executado, cada teste é passado para o Grid que atribui o teste à próxima instância disponível do Firefox. Desta maneira um obtém aprovação em que, concebivelmente, 12 testes estão sendo executados ao mesmo tempo em paralelo, reduzindo significativamente o tempo necessário para concluir os testes.\nA Grid é muito flexível. Esses dois exemplos podem ser combinados para permitir várias instâncias de cada tipo e versão de navegador. Uma configuração como essa forneceria execução paralela para conclusão rápida de testes e suporte para vários tipos e versões de navegador simultaneamente.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"Recursos específicos do Driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox Definindo recursos usando FirefoxOptions FirefoxOptions é a nova forma de definir recursos para o Navegador Firefox e geralmente deve ser usado em detrimento de DesiredCapabilities.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Definindo um perfil personalizado É possível criar um perfil personalizado para o Firefox, conforme demonstrado abaixo.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout Em alguns ambientes, o Internet Explorer pode expirar ao abrir a Caixa de Diálogo de upload de arquivo. O IEDriver tem um tempo limite padrão de 1000 ms, mas você pode aumentar o tempo limite usando o recurso fileUploadDialogTimeout.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession Quando definido como true, este recurso limpa o Cache, Histórico do navegador e cookies para todas as instâncias em execução do InternetExplorer, incluindo aquelas iniciadas manualmente ou pelo driver. Por padrão, é definido como false.\nUsar este recurso causará queda de desempenho quando iniciar o navegador, pois o driver irá esperar até que o cache seja limpo antes de iniciar o navegador IE.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting O driver do InternetExplorer espera que o nível de zoom do navegador seja de 100%, caso contrário, o driver lançará uma exceção. Este comportamento padrão pode ser desativado definindo ignoreZoomSetting como true.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings Se deve ignorar a verificação do Modo protegido durante o lançamento uma nova sessão do IE.\nSe não for definido e as configurações do Modo protegido não forem iguais para todas as zonas, uma exceção será lançada pelo driver.\nSe a capacidade for definida como true, os testes podem tornar-se instáveis, não responderem ou os navegadores podem travar. No entanto, esta ainda é de longe a segunda melhor escolha, e a primeira escolha sempre deve ser definir as configurações do Modo protegido de cada zona manualmente. Se um usuário estiver usando esta propriedade, apenas um \u0026ldquo;melhor esforço\u0026rdquo; no suporte será dado.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent Quando definido como true, esse recurso suprime a saída de diagnóstico do IEDriverServer.\nEsse recurso aceita um valor booleano como parâmetro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Por favor inclua um PR para adicionar uma amostra de código   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Opções de linha de comando do IE O Internet Explorer inclui várias opções de linha de comando que permitem solucionar problemas e configurar o navegador.\nOs seguintes pontos descrevem algumas opções de linha de comando com suporte\n  -private: Usado para iniciar o IE no modo de navegação privada. Isso funciona para o IE 8 e versões posteriores.\n  -k: Inicia o Internet Explorer no modo quiosque. O navegador é aberto em uma janela maximizada que não exibe a barra de endereço, os botões de navegação ou a barra de status.\n  -extoff: Inicia o IE no modo sem add-on. Esta opção é usada especificamente para solucionar problemas com complementos do navegador. Funciona no IE 7 e versões posteriores.\n  Nota: forceCreateProcessApi deve ser habilitado para que os argumentos da linha de comando funcionem.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navegar para URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi Força a inicialização do Internet Explorer usando a API CreateProcess. O valor padrão é falso.\nPara IE 8 e superior, esta opção requer que o valor de registro \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; seja definido como 0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navegar para Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"Requerimentos do driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por meio do WebDriver, o Selenium oferece suporte a todos os principais navegadores do mercado como Chrom(ium), Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera e Safari. Sempre que possível, o WebDriver dirige o navegador usando o suporte integrado do navegador para automação, embora nem todos os navegadores tenham suporte oficial para controle remoto.\nO objetivo do WebDriver é emular a interação de um usuário real com o navegador o mais próximo possível. Isso é possível em vários níveis em diferentes navegadores. Para obter mais detalhes sobre as diferentes idiossincrasias do driver, consulte Idiossincrasias do driver.\nMesmo que todos os drivers compartilhem uma única interface voltada para o usuário para controlar o navegador, eles têm maneiras ligeiramente diferentes de configurar sessões do navegador. Uma vez que muitas das implementações de driver são fornecidas por terceiros, elas não estão incluídas na distribuição padrão do Selenium.\nInstanciação do driver, gerenciamento de perfil e várias configurações específicas do navegador são exemplos de parâmetros que têm requisitos diferentes dependendo do navegador. Esta seção explica os requisitos básicos para começar com os diferentes navegadores.\nAdicionando executáveis ao seu path A maioria dos drivers requerem um executável extra para o Selenium se comunicar com o navegador. Você pode especificar manualmente onde o executável reside antes de iniciar o WebDriver, mas isso pode tornar seus testes menos portáveis já que os executáveis precisarão estar no mesmo lugar em todas as máquinas, ou inclua o executável em seu repositório de código de teste.\nAo adicionar uma pasta contendo os binários do WebDriver aos do seu path, o Selenium será capaz de localizar os binários adicionais sem exigir seu código de teste para localizar exatamente o driver.\n Crie um diretório para colocar os executáveis, como C:\\WebDriver\\bin ou /opt/WebDriver/bin Adicione o diretório ao seu PATH:  No Windows - Abra um prompt de comando como administrador e execute o seguinte comando para adicionar permanentemente o diretório ao seu PATH para todos os usuários em sua máquina:    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  Usuários do Bash no macOS e Linux - Em um terminal:  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile   Agora você está pronto para testar suas alterações. Feche todos os prompts de comando abertos e abra um novo. Digite o nome de um dos binários na pasta que você criou na etapa anterior, por exemplo:\nchromedriver   Se o seu PATH estiver configurado corretamente, você verá alguma saída relacionada à inicialização do driver:\n  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. Você pode recuperar o controle do seu prompt de comando pressionando Ctrl+C\nQuick reference    Navegador OS Suportado Mantido por Download Problemas     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux Google Downloads Problemas   Firefox Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla Downloads Problemas   Edge Windows 10 Microsoft Downloads Problemas   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium Project Downloads Problemas   Safari macOS El Capitan ou mais novo Apple Embutido Problemas   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera Downloads Problemas    Chromium/Chrome Para conduzir o Chrome ou Chromium, você deve fazer o download do chromedriver e colocá-lo em uma pasta que está no PATH do seu sistema.\nNo Linux ou macOS, isso significa modificar a variável de ambiente PATH. Você pode ver quais diretórios, separados por dois pontos, constituem o PATH do seu sistema executando o seguinte comando:\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin Para incluir o chromedriver no PATH, se ainda não estiver, certifique-se de incluir o diretório pai do binário chromedriver. A linha a seguir irá definir a variável de ambiente PATH com seu conteúdo atual, mais um caminho adicional adicionado após os dois pontos:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; Quando o chromedriver estiver disponível em seu PATH, você deve ser capaz de executar o executável chromedriver de qualquer diretório.\nPara instanciar uma sessão do Chrome/Chromium, você pode fazer o seguinte:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     Remember that you have to set the path to the chromedriver executable. This is possible using the following line:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     O chromedriver é implementado como um servidor remoto WebDriver que instrui o navegador sobre o que fazer ao expor o interface de proxy de automação interna.\nFirefox Começando com Selenium 3, a Mozilla assumiu a implementação do Driver do Firefox, com geckodriver. O novo driver para Firefox é chamado geckodriver e funciona com Firefox 48 e mais recentes. Como o Firefox WebDriver está em desenvolvimento, quanto mais nova for a versão do Firefox, melhor será o suporte.\nComo geckodriver é a nova forma padrão de iniciar o Firefox, você pode instanciar o Firefox da mesma forma que o Selenium 2:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     Se você preferir não definir a localização do geckodriver usando PATH, defina a localização do binário geckodriver programaticamente:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     Também é possível definir a propriedade em tempo de execução:\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver Atualmente é possível reverter para o driver mais antigo, mais completo do Firefox, instalando o Firefox 47.0.1 ou 45 ESR e especificando o recurso desejado de marionette como false. Versões posteriores do Firefox não são mais compatíveis.\nEdge Edge é o navegador mais recente da Microsoft, incluído no Windows 10 e Server 2016. As atualizações do Edge são agrupadas com as principais atualizações do Windows, então você precisará baixar um binário que corresponda ao número da compilação da sua compilação do Windows atualmente instalada. O site do Edge Developer contém links para todos os binários disponíveis. Bugs na implementação do EdgeDriver podem ser levantados com Microsoft. Se você gostaria de executar testes no Edge, mas não está executando o Windows 10, a Microsoft oferece VMs gratuitas para testadores no site do Edge Developer.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     Se o driver Edge não estiver presente em seu PATH, você pode definir o PATH usando a seguinte linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     Internet Explorer O Internet Explorer era o navegador padrão da Microsoft até o Windows 10, embora ainda esteja incluído no Windows 10. O driver do Internet Explorer é o único driver que o projeto Selenium visa apoiar os mesmos lançamentos que a Microsoft considera atual. Versões mais antigas podem funcionar, mas não serão suportadas.\nEmbora o projeto Selenium forneça binários tanto para 32 bits quanto para 64 bits, existem algumas limitações com o Internet Explorer 10 e 11 com o driver de 64 bits, mas usando o de 32 bits o driver continua a funcionar bem. Deve-se notar que, como as preferências do Internet Explorer são salvas na conta do usuário conectado, alguma configuração adicional é necessária.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     Se o driver do Internet Explorer não estiver presente em seu PATH, você pode definir o PATH usando a seguinte linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     A Microsoft também oferece um binário WebDriver para Internet Explorer 11 no Windows 7 e 8.1. Não é atualizado desde 2014 e é baseado em uma versão preliminar da Especificação W3. Jim Evans tem um excelente artigo sobre a implementação da Microsoft.\nOpera As versões atuais do Opera são construídas com base no mecanismo Chromium, e WebDriver agora é compatível com o código fechado Driver Opera Chromium, que pode ser adicionado ao seu PATH ou como um propriedade do sistema.\nInstanciar uma sessão de driver é semelhante a Firefox e Chromium:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra e posterior:\n Execute o seguinte comando do terminal na primeira vez e digite sua senha no prompt para autorizar o WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan e Sierra:\n Ative o menu Desenvolvedor nas preferências do Safari Marque a opção Permitir automação remota com o menu Desenvolver Execute o seguinte comando do terminal na primeira vez e digite sua senha no prompt para autorizar WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ Você pode então iniciar uma sessão de driver usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #Simple assignment from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #Or use the context manager from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #your code inside this indent   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); //your code inside this block })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     Aqueles que procuram automatizar o Safari no iOS devem olhar para o Projeto Appium. Enquanto o Safari era anteriormente disponível para Windows, a Apple há muito abandonou o suporte, tornando-o uma má escolha de plataforma de teste.\nNavegadores simulados HtmlUnit HtmlUnit é um \u0026ldquo;navegador sem interface gráfica para programas Java\u0026rdquo;. Ele modela documentos HTML e fornece uma API que permite invocar páginas, preencher formulários, clicar links, etc. Possui suporte a JavaScript e é capaz de trabalhar com bibliotecas AJAX, simulando Chrome, Firefox ou Internet Explorer dependendo da configuração usada. Foi movido para um novo local. A fonte é mantida em svn.\nPhantomJS PhantomJS é um navegador sem cabeçalho baseado em Webkit, embora seja uma versão muito mais antiga do que o usado pelo Google Chrome ou Safari. Embora historicamente seja uma popular escolha, agora seria sábio evitar o PhantomJS. O projeto está sem manutenção desde 5 de agosto de 2017, portanto, embora a web continue a mudar, o PhantomJS não será atualizado. Isso foi depois que o Google anunciou a capacidade de executar o Chrome sem cabeçalho, algo também agora oferecido pelo Firefox da Mozilla.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"Sobre automação de testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Primeiro, comece perguntando a si mesmo se você realmente precisa ou não de um navegador. As probabilidades são de que, em algum ponto, se você estiver trabalhando em um aplicativo da web complexo, você precisará abrir um navegador e realmente testá-lo.\nNo entanto, os testes funcionais do usuário final, como os testes Selenium, são caros para executar. Além disso, eles normalmente exigem infraestrutura substancial para ser executado de forma eficaz. É uma boa regra sempre se perguntar se o que você deseja testar pode ser feito usando abordagens de teste mais leves, como testes de unidade ou com uma abordagem de nível inferior.\nDepois de determinar que está no negócio de teste de navegador da web, e você tem seu ambiente Selenium pronto para começar a escrever testes, você geralmente executará alguma combinação de três etapas:\n Configurar os dados Executar um conjunto discreto de ações Avaliar os resultados  Você deve manter essas etapas o mais curtas possível; uma ou duas operações devem ser suficientes na maioria das vezes. A automação do navegador tem a reputação de ser \u0026ldquo;instável\u0026rdquo;, mas, na realidade, é porque os usuários freqüentemente exigem muito dele. Em capítulos posteriores, retornaremos às técnicas que você pode usar para mitigar problemas aparentemente intermitentes nos testes, em particular sobre como superar as condições de corrida entre o navegador e o WebDriver.\nMantendo seus testes curtos e usando o navegador da web apenas quando você não tiver absolutamente nenhuma alternativa, você pode ter muitos testes com instabilidade mínima.\nUma vantagem distinta dos testes do Selenium é sua capacidade inerente de testar todos os componentes do aplicativo, de back-end para front-end, da perspectiva do usuário. Em outras palavras, embora os testes funcionais possam ser caros para executar, eles também abrangem grandes partes críticas para os negócios de uma só vez.\nRequerimentos de teste Como mencionado antes, os testes do Selenium podem ser caros para serem executados. Até que ponto depende do navegador em que você está executando os testes, mas historicamente o comportamento dos navegadores tem variado tanto que muitas vezes foi uma meta declarada testar cruzado contra vários navegadores.\nSelenium permite que você execute as mesmas instruções em vários navegadores em vários sistemas operacionais, mas a enumeração de todos os navegadores possíveis, suas diferentes versões e os muitos sistemas operacionais em que são executados rapidamente se tornará uma tarefa não trivial.\nVamos começar com um exemplo Larry escreveu um site que permite aos usuários solicitarem seus unicórnios personalizados.\nO fluxo de trabalho geral (o que chamaremos de \u0026ldquo;caminho feliz\u0026rdquo;) é algo como isso:\n Criar uma conta Configurar o unicórnio Adicionar ao carrinho de compras Verificar e pagar Dar feedback sobre o unicórnio  Seria tentador escrever um grande roteiro do Selenium para realizar todas essas operações - muitos tentarão. Resista à tentação! Isso resultará em um teste que a) leva muito tempo, b) estará sujeito a alguns problemas comuns em torno de problemas de tempo de renderização de página, e c) se falhar, não lhe dará um método conciso e “superficial” para diagnosticar o que deu errado.\nA estratégia preferida para testar este cenário seria dividi-lo em uma série de testes independentes e rápidos, cada um dos quais tem uma “razão” de existir.\nVamos fingir que você deseja testar a segunda etapa: Configure o unicórnio. Ele executará as seguintes ações:\n Criar uma conta Configurar o unicórnio  Observe que estamos pulando o restante dessas etapas, vamos testar o resto do fluxo de trabalho em outros casos de teste pequenos e discretos depois de terminarmos com este.\nPara começar, você precisa criar uma conta. Aqui você tem algumas escolhas a fazer:\n Deseja usar uma conta existente? Você deseja criar uma nova conta? Existem propriedades especiais de tal usuário que precisam ser levadas em consideração antes do início da configuração?  Independentemente de como você responde a esta pergunta, a solução é torná-la parte da etapa de \u0026ldquo;configurar os dados\u0026rdquo; do teste. Se Larry expôs uma API que permite a você (ou qualquer pessoa) criar e atualizar contas de usuário, certifique-se de usar isso para responder a esta pergunta. Se possível, você deseja iniciar o navegador somente depois de ter um usuário \u0026ldquo;em mãos\u0026rdquo;, cujas credenciais você pode usar para fazer login.\nSe cada teste para cada fluxo de trabalho começar com a criação de uma conta de usuário, muitos segundos serão adicionados à execução de cada teste. Chamar uma API e falar com um banco de dados são operações rápidas, \u0026ldquo;sem cabeçalho\u0026rdquo; que não requerem o processo caro de abrir um navegador, navegar para as páginas certas, clicando e aguardando o envio dos formulários, etc.\nIdealmente, você pode abordar esta fase de configuração em uma linha de código, que será executado antes que qualquer navegador seja iniciado:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //Este método está definido em algum outro lugar.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, # mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm # privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço # de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa # conhecê-los. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Faça login como este usuário. # O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então # o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você # execute ações da AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, # mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm # privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço # de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa # conhecê-los. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Faça login como este usuário. # O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então # o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você # execute ações da AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Crie um usuário que tenha permissões somente leitura - eles podem configurar um unicórnio, // mas eles não têm informações de pagamento configuradas, nem têm // privilégios administrativos. No momento em que o usuário é criado, seu endereço // de e-mail e senha são gerados aleatoriamente - você nem precisa // conhecê-los. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Faça login como este usuário. // O login neste site leva você à sua página pessoal \u0026#34;Minha conta\u0026#34;, e então // o objeto AccountPage é retornado pelo método loginAs, permitindo que você // execute ações da AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     Como você pode imaginar, a UserFactory pode ser estendida para fornecer métodos como createAdminUser () e createUserWithPayment (). A questão é que essas duas linhas de código não o distraem do objetivo final deste teste: configurando um unicórnio.\nOs detalhes do modelo de objeto de página será discutido em capítulos posteriores, mas vamos apresentar o conceito aqui:\nSeus testes devem ser compostos de ações, realizadas do ponto de vista do usuário, dentro do contexto das páginas do site. Essas páginas são armazenadas como objetos, que conterão informações específicas sobre como a página da web é composta e como as ações são realizadas - muito pouco disso deve preocupar você como testador.\nQue tipo de unicórnio você quer? Você pode querer rosa, mas não necessariamente. Roxo tem sido bastante popular ultimamente. Ela precisa de óculos escuros? Tatuagens de estrelas? Essas escolhas, embora difíceis, são sua principal preocupação como testador - você precisa garantir que seu centro de atendimento de pedidos envia o unicórnio certo para a pessoa certa, e isso começa com essas escolhas.\nObserve que em nenhum lugar desse parágrafo falamos sobre botões, campos, menus suspensos, botões de opção ou formulários da web. Nem deveriam seus testes! Você deseja escrever seu código como o usuário tentando resolver seu problema. Aqui está uma maneira de fazer isso (continuando do exemplo anterior):\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. # Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage # com o navegador de qualquer forma. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao # lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; # nos leva lá. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para # o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, # preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. # Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage # com o navegador de qualquer forma. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao # lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; # nos leva lá. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para # o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, # preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // O Unicórnio é um objeto de nível superior - ele possui atributos, que são definidos aqui. // Isso armazena apenas os valores; não preenche formulários da web nem interage // com o navegador de qualquer forma. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Uma vez que já estamos \u0026#34;na\u0026#34; página da conta, temos que usá-la para chegar ao // lugar real onde você configura os unicórnios. Chamar o método \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; // nos leva lá. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Agora que estamos na AddUnicornPage, passaremos o objeto \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; para // o método createUnicorn(). Este método pegará os atributos do Sparkles, // preencher o formulário e clicar em enviar. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     Agora que você configurou seu unicórnio, você precisa passar para a etapa 3: certifique-se de que realmente funcionou.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto # Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los # com os campos na página assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto # Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los # com os campos na página expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // O método exists() de UnicornConfirmationPage pegará o objeto // Sparkles - uma especificação dos atributos que você deseja ver e compará-los // com os campos na página assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     Observe que o testador ainda não fez nada além de falar sobre unicórnios neste código– sem botões, sem localizadores, sem controles do navegador. Este método de modelagem do aplicativo permite que você mantenha esses comandos de nível de teste no lugar e imutáveis, mesmo se Larry decidir na próxima semana que não gosta mais de Ruby-on-Rails e decidir reimplementar todo o site em Haskell com um front-end Fortran.\nSeus objetos de página exigirão alguma pequena manutenção para estar conformidade com o redesenho do site, mas esses testes permanecerão os mesmos. Pegando esse design básico, você desejará continuar seus fluxos de trabalho com o menor número possível de etapas voltadas para o navegador. Seu próximo fluxo de trabalho envolverá adicionar um unicórnio ao carrinho de compras. Provavelmente, você desejará muitas iterações deste teste para ter certeza de que o carrinho está mantendo o estado adequado: Existe mais de um unicórnio no carrinho antes de você começar? Quantos cabem no carrinho de compras? Se você criar mais de um com o mesmo nome e / ou recursos, ele falhará? Manterá apenas o existente ou acrescentará outro?\nCada vez que você passa pelo fluxo de trabalho, você deseja evitar ter que criar uma conta, fazer login como o usuário e configurar o unicórnio. Idealmente, você será capaz de criar uma conta e pré-configurar um unicórnio por meio da API ou banco de dados. Em seguida, tudo que você precisa fazer é fazer login como o usuário, localizar Sparkles, e adicioná-lo ao carrinho.\nAutomatizar ou não automatizar? A automação é sempre vantajosa? Quando se deve decidir automatizar os casos de teste?\nNem sempre é vantajoso automatizar casos de teste. Tem vezes que o teste manual pode ser mais apropriado. Por exemplo, se a interface do aplicativo mudará consideravelmente em um futuro próximo, então qualquer automação pode precisar ser reescrita de qualquer maneira. Além disso, às vezes simplesmente não há tempo suficiente para construir automação de testes. A curto prazo, o teste manual pode ser mais eficaz. Se um aplicativo tem um prazo muito curto, atualmente não há automação de teste disponível, e é imperativo que o teste seja feito dentro nesse período, o teste manual é a melhor solução.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"Trabalhando com cores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ocasionalmente, você desejará validar a cor de algo como parte de seus testes; o problema é que as definições de cores na web não são constantes. Não seria bom se houvesse uma maneira fácil de comparar uma representação HEX de uma cor com uma representação RGB de uma cor, ou uma representação RGBA de uma cor com uma representação HSLA de uma cor?\nNão se preocupe. Existe uma solução: a classe Color!\nEm primeiro lugar, você precisará importar a classe:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    Agora você pode começar a criar objetos coloridos. Cada objeto de cor precisará ser criado a partir de uma representação de string de sua cor. As representações de cores com suporte são:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     A classe Color também suporta todas as definições de cores básicas especificadas em http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     Às vezes, os navegadores retornam um valor de cor \u0026ldquo;transparent\u0026rdquo; se nenhuma cor foi definida em um elemento. A classe Color também oferece suporte para isso:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     Agora você pode consultar com segurança um elemento para obter sua cor / cor de fundo sabendo que qualquer resposta será analisada corretamente e convertido em um objeto Color válido:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     Você pode então comparar diretamente os objetos coloridos:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     Ou você pode converter a cor em um dos seguintes formatos e realizar uma validação estática:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // Não temos ainda um exemplo de C# - Nos ajude envando um PR!    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // Essa funcionalidade não está implementada - Nos ajude enviando um PR implementando essa funcionalidade    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     As cores não são mais um problema.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"Códigos de respostas HTTP","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Para algumas configurações de navegador no Selenium RC, Selenium atuou como um proxy entre o navegador e o site sendo automatizado. Isso significa que todo o tráfego do navegador que passou pelo Selenium poderia ser capturado ou manipulado. O método captureNetworkTraffic() pretendia capturar todo o tráfego de rede entre o navegador e o site sendo automatizado, incluindo códigos de resposta HTTP.\nSelenium WebDriver é uma abordagem completamente diferente para a automação do navegador, preferindo agir mais como um usuário. Isso é representado na maneira como você escreve testes com o WebDriver. Em testes funcionais automatizados, verificar o código de status não é um detalhe particularmente importante da falha de um teste; as etapas que o precederam são mais importantes.\nO navegador sempre representará o código de status HTTP, imagine, por exemplo, uma página de erro 404 ou 500. Uma maneira simples de “falhar rapidamente” quando você encontrar uma dessas páginas de erro é verificar o título da página ou o conteúdo de um ponto confiável (por exemplo, a tag \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;) após cada carregamento de página. Se você estiver usando o modelo de objeto de página, você pode incluir esta verificação em seu construtor de classe ou ponto semelhante onde o carregamento da página é esperado. Ocasionalmente, o código HTTP pode até ser representado na página de erro do navegador e você pode usar o WebDriver para ler isso e melhorar sua saída de depuração.\nVerificar se a própria página da web está alinhada com a prática ideal do WebDriver de representar a visão do usuário do site.\nSe você insiste, uma solução avançada para capturar códigos de status HTTP é replicar o comportamento do Selenium RC usando um proxy. A API WebDriver fornece a capacidade de definir um proxy para o navegador, e há uma série de proxies que irão permitir que você manipule de forma programática o conteúdo das solicitações enviadas e recebidas do servidor da web. Usar um proxy permite que você decida como deseja responder para códigos de resposta de redirecionamento. Além disso, nem todo navegador torna os códigos de resposta disponíveis para WebDriver, então optar por usar um proxy permite que você tenha uma solução que funciona para todos os navegadores.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"Gerando estado da aplicação","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium não deve ser usado para preparar um caso de teste. Tudo as ações repetitivas e preparações para um caso de teste devem ser feitas por meio de outros métodos. Por exemplo, a maioria das IUs da web tem autenticação (por exemplo, um formulário de login). Eliminar o login via navegador da web antes de cada teste irá melhorar a velocidade e estabilidade do teste. Um método deve ser criado para obter acesso à AUT* (por exemplo, usando uma API para fazer login e definir um cookie). Além disso, a criação de métodos para pré-carregar dados para o teste não deve ser feito usando Selenium. Como dito anteriormente, APIs existentes devem ser aproveitadas para criar dados para a AUT *.\n*AUT: Application under test\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_3/","title":"Grid 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 3 Selenium Grid é um servidor proxy inteligente que permite que os testes Selenium encaminhem comandos para instâncias remotas do navegador da web. Seu objetivo é fornecer uma maneira fácil de executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas.\nCom Selenium Grid, um servidor atua como o hub que roteia comandos de teste formatados em JSON para um ou mais nós registrados. Os testes entram em contato com o hub para obter acesso a instâncias remotas do navegador. O hub tem uma lista de servidores registrados aos quais fornece acesso, e permite o controle dessas instâncias.\nSelenium Grid nos permite executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas, e gerenciar diferentes versões e configurações do navegador centralmente (em vez de em cada teste individual).\nSelenium Grid não é uma bala de prata. Ele resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição, mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura, e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.\n** Observe que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium recomenda usar [Grid 4] (/pt-br/grid/grid_4/)**\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner permite que você execute suítes de teste da linha de comando. Suítes de teste são exportações de HTML do Selenium IDE ou ferramentas compatíveis.\nInformação comum  Combinação de lançamentos de geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner são importantes. Pode haver um software matriz de compatibilidade em algum lugar. selenium-html-runner executa apenas suítes de teste (não casos de teste - por exemplo, uma exportação do Monitis Transaction Monitor). Certifique-se de cumprir isso. Para usuários Linux sem DISPLAY - você precisa iniciar o html-runner com display virtual (procure por xvfb)  Exemplo de ambiente Linux Instale / baixe os seguintes pacotes:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Exemplo de suíte de testes:\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Como rodar o selenium-html-runner headless Agora, a parte mais importante, um exemplo de como executar o selenium-html-runner! Sua experiência pode variar dependendo das combinações de software - versões geckodriver / FF / html-runner.\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"Instalando o servidor Standalone","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Se você planeja usar Grid, você deve baixar o arquivo selenium-server-standalone JAR. Todos os componentes estão disponíveis via selenium-server. O JAR Standalone contém tudo, incluindo o servidor Selenium remoto e as ligações do lado do cliente. Isso significa que se você usar o jar selenium-server-standalone em seu projeto, você não precisa adicionar selenium-java ou um jar específico do navegador.\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/","title":"Instalação do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Instalação do Selenium A configuração do Selenium é bastante diferente da configuração de outras ferramentas comerciais. Para usar Selenium em seu projeto de automação, você precisa instalar as bibliotecas de linguagem para sua linguagem de escolha. Além disso, você precisará dos binários WebDriver para os navegadores que você deseja automatizar e executar testes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"Localizando elementos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Localizando elementos Uma das técnicas mais fundamentais para aprender ao usar o WebDriver é como encontrar elementos na página. WebDriver oferece uma série de tipos de seletores embutidos, entre eles encontrar um elemento por seu atributo de ID:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     Como visto no exemplo, a localização de elementos no WebDriver é feita no objeto da instância WebDriver. O método findElement(By) retorna outro tipo de objeto fundamental, o WebElement.\n WebDriver representa o navegador WebElement representa um nó DOM específico (um controle, por exemplo, um link ou input, etc.)  Depois de ter uma referência a um elemento da web que foi \u0026ldquo;encontrado\u0026rdquo;, você pode restringir o escopo de sua pesquisa usando a mesma chamada nessa instância do objeto:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     Você pode fazer isso porque ambos os tipos WebDriver e WebElement implementam a interface SearchContext. No WebDriver, isso é conhecido como interface baseada em função. As interfaces baseadas em funções permitem que você determine se uma implementação do driver suporta um determinado recurso. Essas interfaces são claramente definidas e tentam aderir a ter apenas uma única função de responsabilidade. Você pode ler mais sobre o design do WebDriver e quais funções são suportadas em quais drivers em Alguma outra seção que deve ser nomeada.\nConsequentemente, a interface By usada acima também suporta um número de estratégias de localização adicionais. Uma pesquisa aninhada pode não ser a estratégia de localização de cheese mais eficaz, pois requer dois comandos separados a serem emitidos para o navegador; primeiro pesquisando o DOM para um elemento com o ID \u0026ldquo;cheese\u0026rdquo;, em seguida, uma pesquisa por \u0026ldquo;cheddar\u0026rdquo; em um contexto restrito.\nPara melhorar um pouco o desempenho, devemos tentar usar um localizador mais específico: WebDriver suporta a procura de elementos por localizadores CSS, o que nos permite combinar os dois localizadores anteriores em uma única pesquisa:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     Localizando mútliplos elementos É possível que o documento com o qual estamos trabalhando tenha uma lista ordenada dos queijos que mais gostamos:\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; Uma vez que mais queijo é indiscutivelmente melhor, e seria complicado ter que recuperar cada um dos itens individualmente, uma técnica melhor para buscar cheese é fazer uso da versão pluralizada findElements(By). Este método retorna uma coleção de elementos web. Se apenas um elemento for encontrado, ele ainda retornará uma coleção (de um elemento). Se nenhum elemento corresponder ao localizador, um lista vazia será retornada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     Estratégias de seleção de elemento Existem oito estratégias diferentes de localização de elementos embutidas no WebDriver:\n   Localizador Descrição     class name Localiza elementos cujo nome de classe contém o valor de pesquisa (nomes de classes compostas não são permitidos)   css selector Localiza elementos que correspondem a um seletor CSS   id Localiza elementos cujo atributo de ID corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   name Localiza elementos cujo atributo NAME corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   link text Localiza elementos âncora cujo texto visível corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   partial link text Localiza elementos âncora cujo texto visível contém o valor da pesquisa. Se vários elementos forem correspondentes, apenas o primeiro será selecionado.   tag name Localiza elementos cujo nome de tag corresponde ao valor de pesquisa   xpath Localiza elementos que correspondem a uma expressão XPath    Dicas sobre como usar seletores No geral, se os IDs de HTML estiverem disponíveis, únicos e consistentemente previsíveis, eles são o método preferido para localizar um elemento uma página. Eles tendem a trabalhar muito rapidamente e dispensar muito processamento que vem com travessias de DOM complicadas.\nSe IDs exclusivos não estiverem disponíveis, um seletor CSS bem escrito é o método preferido de localização de um elemento. XPath funciona bem como CSS seletores, mas a sintaxe é complicada e frequentemente difícil de depurar. Embora os seletores XPath sejam muito flexíveis, eles não são tipicamente testados em performance por fornecedores de navegadores e tendem a ser bastante lentos.\nAs estratégias de seleção baseadas em linkText e partialLinkText têm desvantagens porque eles só funcionam em elementos de link. Além disso, eles chamam seletores XPath internamente no WebDriver.\nO nome da tag pode ser uma maneira perigosa de localizar elementos. tem frequentemente, vários elementos da mesma tag presentes na página. Isso é útil principalmente ao chamar o método _findElements(By) _ que retorna uma coleção de elementos.\nA recomendação é manter seus localizadores compactos e legíveis quanto possível. Pedir ao WebDriver para percorrer a estrutura DOM é uma operação cara, e quanto mais você pode restringir o escopo de sua pesquisa, melhor.\nLocalizadores relativos Selenium 4 traz localizadores relativos que eram anteriormente chamado de Localizadores Amigáveis. Esta funcionalidade foi adicionada para ajudá-lo a localizar elementos que estão próximos a outros elementos. Os localizadores relativos disponíveis são:\n above below toLeftOf toRightOf near  O método findElement agora aceita um novo método withTagName() que retorna um RelativeLocator.\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\nComo funciona Selenium usa a função JavaScript getBoundingClientRect() para encontrar os elementos relativos. Esta função retorna propriedades de um elemento, como right, left, bottom, and top.\nVamos considerar o exemplo abaixo para entender os localizadores relativos.\nabove() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece acima do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece abaixo do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece à esquerda do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() Retorna o WebElement, que aparece à direita do elemento especificado\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() Retorna o WebElement, que está no máximo a 50px de distância do elemento especificado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"Manipulação do Browser","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby Ruby não está instalado por padrão no Windows. Baixe a versão mais recente e execute o instalador. Você podedeixar todas as configurações com os valores padrão, exceto na tela Installation Destination and Optional Tasks verifique onde você precisa marca a caixa de seleção Add Ruby executables to your PATH. Para utilizar qualquer navegador, você deve instalar a gem de Ruby selenium-webdriver. Para instalá-lo, abra o prompt de comando e digite isto:\ngem install selenium-webdriver Ou, se você usa Bundler, adicione esta linha ao Gemfile:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; Em seguida, execute o seguinte comando no prompt de comando:\nbundle install Internet Explorer O Internet Explorer é instalado por padrão no Windows, portanto nenhuma instalação é necessária. Para utilizar o Internet Explorer no Windows, você deve baixar o driver mais recente do Internet Explorer e colocar o arquivo em uma pasta que está no PATH. Para descobrir quais diretórios estão no PATH, digite echo% PATH% no prompt de comando.\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin parece um bom lugar. Descompacte o arquivo IEDriverServer e mova IEDriverServer.exe para lá.\nIsso deve abrir uma nova janela do Internet Explorer:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer Navegação Navegar para A primeira coisa que você vai querer fazer depois de iniciar um navegador é abrir o seu site. Isso pode ser feito em uma única linha:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # Convenient way driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # Longer Way driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   //Convenient driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) //Longer way driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     Coletar a URL atual Você pode ler a URL atual na barra de endereço do navegador usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    Voltar Pressionando o botão Voltar do navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     Avançar Pressionando o botão Avançar do navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    Atualizar Atualizando a página atual:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    Coletar título Você pode ler o título da página atual no navegador:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    Janelas e guias Pega o puxador da janela O WebDriver não faz distinção entre janelas e guias. E se seu site abre uma nova guia ou janela, o Selenium permitirá que você trabalhe usando um puxador de janela. Cada janela tem um identificador único que permanece persistente em uma única sessão. Você pode pegar o puxador da janela atual usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    Alternando janelas ou guias Clicar em um link que abre em uma nova janela  focará a nova janela ou guia na tela, mas o WebDriver não saberá qual janela que o sistema operacional considera ativa. Para trabalhar com a nova janela você precisará mudar para ela. Se você tiver apenas duas guias ou janelas abertas, e você sabe com qual janela você começa, pelo processo de eliminação você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e alternar para aquela que não é o original.\nNo entanto, o Selenium 4 fornece uma nova API NewWindow  que cria uma nova guia (ou) nova janela e muda automaticamente para ela.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the ID of the original window String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) { if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # Start the driver with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # Setup wait for later wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.current_window_handle # Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # Loop through until we find a new window handle for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   //Store the ID of the original window string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the new window or tab wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); //Loop through until we find a new window handle foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) { if(originalWindow != window) { driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   #Store the ID of the original window original_window = driver.window_handle #Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, \u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #Click the link which opens in a new window driver.find_element(link: \u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #Wait for the new window or tab wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 } #Loop through until we find a new window handle driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until { driver.title == \u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); //Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); //Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); //Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() //Check we don\u0026#39;t have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) //Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) //Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } //Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     Criar nova janela (ou) nova guia e alternar Cria uma nova janela (ou) guia e focará a nova janela ou guia na tela. Você não precisa mudar para trabalhar com a nova janela (ou) guia. Se você tiver mais de duas janelas (ou) guias abertas diferentes da nova janela, você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e mudar para aquela que não é a original.\nNota: este recurso funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # Note: The new_window in ruby only opens a new tab (or) Window and will not switch automatically # The user has to switch to new tab (or) new window # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // Opens a new window and switches to new window await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     Fechando uma janela ou guia Quando você terminar com uma janela ou guia e não é a última janela ou guia aberta em seu navegador, você deve fechá-la e alternar de volta para a janela que você estava usando anteriormente. Supondo que você seguiu a amostra de código na seção anterior, você terá o identificador da janela anterior armazenado em uma variável. Junte isso e você obterá:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Close the tab or window driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close() #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //Close the tab or window driver.Close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #Close the tab or window driver.close #Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switch_to.window original_window   //Close the tab or window await driver.close(); //Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //Close the tab or window driver.close() //Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     Esquecer de voltar para outro gerenciador de janela após fechar uma janela deixará o WebDriver em execução na página agora fechada e acionar uma No Such Window Exception. Você deve trocar de volta para um identificador de janela válido para continuar a execução.\nSair do navegador no final de uma sessão Quando você terminar a sessão do navegador, você deve chamar quit, em vez de fechar:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()     quit irá:  Fechar todas as janelas e guias associadas a essa sessão do WebDriver Fechar o processo do navegador Fechar o processo do driver em segundo plano Notificar o Selenium Grid de que o navegador não está mais em uso para que possa ser usado por outra sessão (se você estiver usando Selenium Grid)    A falha em encerrar deixará processos e portas extras em segundo plano rodando em sua máquina, o que pode causar problemas mais tarde.\nAlgumas estruturas de teste oferecem métodos e anotações em que você pode ligar para derrubar no final de um teste.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* Example using Visual Studio\u0026#39;s UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * Example using Mocha * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () { await driver.quit(); });   /** * Example using JUnit * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() }     Se não estiver executando o WebDriver em um contexto de teste, você pode considerar o uso do try/finally que é oferecido pela maioria das linguagens para que uma exceção ainda limpe a sessão do WebDriver.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit()   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); }   try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() }     O WebDriver do Python agora suporta o gerenciador de contexto python, que ao usar a palavra-chave with pode encerrar automaticamente o driver no fim da execução.\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver code here... # WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation Frames e Iframes Frames são um meio obsoleto de construir um layout de site a partir de vários documentos no mesmo domínio. É improvável que você trabalhe com eles a menos que você esteja trabalhando com um webapp pré-HTML5. Iframes permitem a inserção de um documento de um domínio totalmente diferente, e são ainda comumente usado.\nSe você precisa trabalhar com frames ou iframes, o WebDriver permite que você trabalhe com eles da mesma maneira. Considere um botão dentro de um iframe. Se inspecionarmos o elemento usando as ferramentas de desenvolvimento do navegador, podemos ver o seguinte:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34; src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; Se não fosse pelo iframe, esperaríamos clicar no botão usando algo como:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # This Wont work driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # This won\u0026#39;t work driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // This won\u0026#39;t work await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //This won\u0026#39;t work driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     No entanto, se não houver botões fora do iframe, você pode em vez disso, obter um erro no such element. Isso acontece porque o Selenium é ciente apenas dos elementos no documento de nível superior. Para interagir com o botão, precisamos primeiro mudar para o quadro, de forma semelhante a como alternamos janelas. WebDriver oferece três maneiras de mudar para um frame.\nUsando um WebElement Alternar usando um WebElement é a opção mais flexível. Você pode encontrar o quadro usando seu seletor preferido e mudar para ele.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Store the web element WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # Now click on button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Store the web element IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); //Switch to the frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # Switch to the frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Store the web element const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // Switch to the frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Store the web element val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) //Switch to the frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando um name ou ID Se o seu frame ou iframe tiver um atributo id ou name, ele pode ser usado alternativamente. Se o name ou ID não for exclusivo na página, o primeiro encontrado será utilizado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # Switch frame by id driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   //Using the ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); //Or using the name instead driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); //Now we can click the button driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # Now, Click on the button driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // Using the ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // Or using the name instead await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // Now we can click the button await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   //Using the ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) //Or using the name instead driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) //Now we can click the button driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     Usando um índice Também é possível usar o índice do frame, podendo ser consultado usando window.frames em JavaScript.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # Switch to the second frame driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // Switches to the second frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # switching to second iframe based on index iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # switch to selected iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // Switches to the second frame await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // Switches to the second frame driver.switchTo().frame(1)     Deixando um frame Para deixar um iframe ou frameset, volte para o conteúdo padrão como a seguir:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # switch back to default content driver.switch_to.default_content()   // Return to the top level driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # Return to the top level driver.switch_to.default_content   // Return to the top level await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // Return to the top level driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     Gerenciamento de janelas A resolução da tela pode impactar como seu aplicativo da web é renderizado, então WebDriver fornece mecanismos para mover e redimensionar a janela do navegador.\nColetar o tamanho da janela Obtém o tamanho da janela do navegador em pixels.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); //Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; //Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # Or store the dimensions and query them later size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // Access each dimension individually const { width, height } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height //Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     Definir o tamanho da janela Restaura a janela e define o tamanho da janela. Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \nColetar posição da janela Busca as coordenadas da coordenada superior esquerda da janela do navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # Or store the dimensions and query them later position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; //Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // Access each dimension individually const { x, y } = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // Or store the dimensions and query them later const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     Definir posição da janela Move a janela para a posição escolhida.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 });   // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     Maximizar janela Aumenta a janela. Para a maioria dos sistemas operacionais, a janela irá preencher a tela, sem bloquear os próprios menus do sistema operacional e barras de ferramentas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    Minimizar janela Minimiza a janela do contexto de navegação atual. O comportamento exato deste comando é específico para gerenciadores de janela individuais.\nMinimizar Janela normalmente oculta a janela na bandeja do sistema.\nNota: este recurso funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    Janela em tamanho cheio Preenche a tela inteira, semelhante a pressionar F11 na maioria dos navegadores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    TakeScreenshot Usado para capturar a tela do contexto de navegação atual. O endpoint WebDriver screenshot retorna a captura de tela codificada no formato Base64.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     TakeElementScreenshot Usado para capturar a imagem de um elemento para o contexto de navegação atual. O endpoint WebDriver screenshot retorna a captura de tela codificada no formato Base64.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot  let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     Executar Script Executa o snippet de código JavaScript no contexto atual de um frame ou janela selecionada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting  JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element  WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script  String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly  js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     Imprimir Página Imprime a página atual dentro do navegador\nNota: isto requer que navegadores Chromium estejam no modo sem cabeçalho\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR    driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"Suporte a buscas em GraphQL","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL é uma linguagem de consulta para APIs e um runtime para atender a essas consultas com seus dados existentes. Ele dá aos usuários o poder de pedir exatamente o que precisam e nada mais.\nEnums Enums representam possíveis conjuntos de valores para um campo.\nPor exemplo, o objeto Node possui um campo chamado status. O estado é um enum (especificamente, do tipo Status) porque pode ser UP, DRAINING ou UNAVAILABLE.\nEscalares Escalares são valores primitivos: Int, Float, String, Boolean ou ID.\nAo chamar a API GraphQL, você deve especificar o subcampo aninhado até retornar apenas escalares.\nEstrutura do Schema A estrutura do esquema de grade é a seguinte:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } Consultando GraphQL O melhor jeito de consultar GraphQL é utilizando requisições curl. GraphQL permite que você busque apenas os dados que você quer, nada mais, anda menos.\nAlguns exemplos de buscas em GraphQL estão abaixo. Você pode montar as queries como quiser.\nBuscando o número total de slots (maxSession) e slots usados (sessionCount) na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Geralmente na máquina local o \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; será http://localhost:4444/graphql\nBuscando todos os detalhes da Sessão, Nó e Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando o número de sessões atual na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando a contagem máxima de sessões na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando todos os detalhes de todas as sessões de todos os nós na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando informações dos slots de todas as sessões de cada Nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando informação da sessão para uma sessão específica: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando os recursos de cada nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando o status de cada Nó na Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Buscando a URI de cada Nó e da Grid: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"Tipos de teste","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Teste de aceitação Este tipo de teste é feito para determinar se um recurso ou sistema atende às expectativas e requisitos do cliente. Este tipo de teste geralmente envolve cooperação ou feedback do cliente, sendo uma atividade de validação que responde a pergunta:\n Estamos construindo o produto certo?.\n Para aplicações web, a automação desse teste pode ser feita diretamente com o Selenium, simulando o comportamento esperado do usuário. Esta simulação pode ser feita por gravação / reprodução ou por meio dos diferentes idiomas suportados, conforme explicado nesta documentação. Observação: o teste de aceitação é um subtipo de teste funcional, ao qual algumas pessoas também podem se referir.\nTeste funcional Este tipo de teste é feito para determinar se um recurso ou sistema funciona corretamente sem problemas. Verifica o sistema em diferentes níveis para garantir que todos os cenários são cobertos e que o sistema faz o que está suposto fazer. É uma atividade de verificação que responde a pergunta:\n Estamos construindo o produto corretamente?.\n Isso geralmente inclui: os testes funcionam sem erros (404, exceções \u0026hellip;), de forma utilizável (redirecionamentos corretos), de forma acessível e atendendo às suas especificações (consulte teste de aceitação acima).\nPara aplicativos da web, a automação desse teste pode ser feito diretamente com o Selenium, simulando os retornos esperados. Esta simulação pode ser feita por gravação / reprodução ou por meio de os diferentes idiomas suportados, conforme explicado nesta documentação.\nTeste de performance/desempenho Como o próprio nome indica, testes de desempenho são feitos para medir o desempenho de um aplicativo.\nExistem dois subtipos principais para testes de desempenho:\nTeste de carga O teste de carga é feito para verificar o quão bem o aplicativo funciona sob diferentes cargas definidas (geralmente um determinado número de usuários conectados ao mesmo tempo).\nTeste de estresse O teste de estresse é feito para verificar o quão bem a aplicação funciona sob estresse (ou acima da carga máxima suportada).\nGeralmente, os testes de estresse são feitos executando alguns testes escritos com Selenium simulando diferentes usuários utilizando uma função específica no aplicativo da web e recuperando algumas medições significativas.\nIsso geralmente é feito por outras ferramentas que recuperam as métricas. Uma dessas ferramentas é a JMeter.\nPara um aplicativo da web, os detalhes a serem medidos incluem taxa de transferência, latência, perda de dados, tempos de carregamento de componentes individuais \u0026hellip;\nNota 1: todos os navegadores têm uma guia de desempenho em seus seção de ferramentas para desenvolvedores (acessível pressionando F12)\nNota 2: é um subtipo de teste não funcional já que isso geralmente é medido por sistema e não por função / recurso.\nTeste regressivo Esse teste geralmente é feito após uma alteração, correção ou adição de recurso.\nPara garantir que a mudança não quebrou nenhumas das funcionalidades, alguns testes já executados são executados novamente.\nO conjunto de testes re-executados pode ser total ou parcial e pode incluir vários tipos diferentes, dependendo da equipe de aplicação e desenvolvimento.\nDesenvolvimento orientado a testes (TDD) Em vez de um tipo de teste per se, o TDD é uma metodologia iterativa de desenvolvimento na qual os testes conduzem o design de um recurso.\nCada ciclo começa criando um conjunto de testes de unidade no qual o recurso deve eventualmente ser aprovado (eles devem falhar na primeira execução).\nDepois disso, ocorre o desenvolvimento para fazer os testes passarem. Os testes são executados novamente, iniciando outro ciclo e esse processo continua até que todos os testes sejam aprovados.\nVisa acelerar o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo com base no fato de que os defeitos custam menos quanto mais cedo são encontrados.\nDesenvolvimento orientado a comportamento (BDD) BDD também é uma metodologia de desenvolvimento iterativa com base no TDD acima, em que o objetivo é envolver todas as partes no desenvolvimento de um aplicativo.\nCada ciclo começa criando algumas especificações (que deve falhar). Em seguida, crie a os testes de unidade com falha (que também devem falhar) e, em seguida, faça o desenvolvimento.\nEste ciclo é repetido até que todos os tipos de testes sejam aprovados.\nPara fazer isso, uma linguagem de especificação é usada. Deve ser compreensível por todas as partes e ser simples, padronizada e explícita. A maioria das ferramentas usa Gherkin como esse idioma.\nO objetivo é ser capaz de detectar ainda mais erros do que TDD, visando potenciais erros de aceitação também e tornar a comunicação entre as partes mais fácil.\nUm conjunto de ferramentas está atualmente disponível para escrever as especificações e combiná-las com funções de código, como Cucumber ou SpecFlow.\nUm conjunto de ferramentas é construído em cima do Selenium para tornar este processo ainda mais rápido, transformando diretamente as especificações BDD em código executável. Alguns deles são JBehave, Capybara e Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"Trabalhando com elementos select","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Os elementos select podem exigir um pouco de código padrão para serem automatizados. Para reduzir isso e tornar seus testes mais limpos, existe uma Classe Select no pacote de suporte do Selenium. Para usá-lo, você precisará da seguinte instrução de importação:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     Você pode então criar um objeto Select usando um WebElement que faz referência a um elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     O objeto Select agora lhe dará uma série de comandos que permitem que você interaja com um elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;. Em primeiro lugar, existem diferentes maneiras de selecionar uma opção do elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt;.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; Existem três maneiras de selecionar a primeira opção do elemento acima:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     You can then check which options are selected by using:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     Ou você pode apenas estar interessado em quais elementos \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; o elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; contém:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     Se você deseja desmarcar qualquer elemento, agora você tem quatro opções:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     Finalmente, alguns elementos \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; permitem que você selecione mais de uma opção. Você pode descobrir se o seu elemento \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; é um deles usando:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese. Do you speak Portuguese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n In Selenium 4, new Evented APIs were introduced that allow users to be able to capture events from the browser as they happen rather than using the traditional approach of Request/Response that WebDriver has used for other APIs.\nInternally WebDriver will create a WebSocket connection to the browser for events and commands to be transmitted.\nThe following list of APIs will be growing as the Selenium project works through supporting real world use cases. If there is a missing API, please raise a feature request.\nMutation Observation Mutation Observation is the ability to capture events via WebDriver BiDi when there are DOM mutations on a specific element in the DOM.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"Advanced Features","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Portuguese (Brazil). Do you speak Portuguese (Brazil)? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n To get all the details of the advanced features, understand how it works, and how to set up your own, please browse thorough the following sections.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"Ações do mouse em detalhe","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse representa um evento do mouse. Ações do mouse são realizadas usando interface de baixo nível que nos permite fornecer ação de entrada de dispositivo virtualizado para o navegador da web.\nclickAndHold Ele se moverá para o elemento e clicar (sem soltar) no meio do elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick Este método primeiro executa um movimento do mouse para a localização do elemento e executa o clique de contexto (clique com o botão direito) no elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick Ele se moverá para o elemento e executará um clique duplo no meio do elemento fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement Este método move o mouse para o meio do elemento. O elemento também é rolado para a exibição ao executar esta ação.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: Este método move o mouse de sua posição atual (ou 0,0) pelo deslocamento fornecido. Se as coordenadas estiverem fora da janela de visualização, o mouse ficará fora da janela do navegador.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop Este método primeiro executa um clique e segura no elemento de origem, move-se para o local do elemento de destino e, em seguida, libera o mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy Este método primeiro executa um clique e segura no elemento de origem, move-se para o deslocamento fornecido e, em seguida, libera o mouse.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release Esta ação libera o botão esquerdo do mouse pressionado. Se WebElement for aprovado, ele irá liberar o botão esquerdo do mouse pressionado no WebElement fornecido\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"Começando com o WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Começando com o WebDriver Selenium suporta automação de todos os principais navegadores do mercado por meio do uso do WebDriver. WebDriver é uma API e protocolo que define uma interface de linguagem neutra para controlar o comportamento dos navegadores da web. Cada navegador é apoiado por uma implementação WebDriver específica, chamada de driver. O driver é o componente responsável por delegar ao navegador, e lida com a comunicação de e para o Selenium e o navegador.\nEssa separação é parte de um esforço consciente para que os fornecedores de navegadores assumam a responsabilidade pela implementação de seus navegadores. Selenium faz uso desses drivers de terceiros sempre que possível, mas também fornece seus próprios drivers mantidos pelo projeto para os casos em que isso não é uma realidade.\nA estrutura do Selenium une todas essas peças por meio de uma interface voltada para o usuário que permite aos diferentes back-ends de navegador serem usados de forma transparente, permitindo a automação entre navegadores e plataformas cruzadas.\nMais detalhes sobre os drivers podem ser encontrados em Idiossincrasias do driver.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/","title":"Esperas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Geralmente, pode-se dizer que o WebDriver tem uma API de blocante. Porque é uma biblioteca fora de processo que instrui ao navegador o que fazer, e porque a plataforma web tem uma natureza intrinsecamente assíncrona, O WebDriver não rastreia o estado ativo em tempo real do DOM. Isso traz alguns desafios que discutiremos aqui.\nPor experiência, a maioria dos problemas intermitentes que surgem do uso de Selenium e WebDriver estão conectados a condições de corrida que ocorrem entre o navegador e as instruções do usuário. Um exemplo pode ser que o usuário instrui o navegador a navegar para uma página, em seguida, obtém um erro no such element ao tentar encontrar um elemento.\nConsidere o seguinte documento:\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; As instruções do WebDriver podem parecer inocentes:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     O problema aqui é que a estratégia de carregamento de página padrão usado no WebDriver escuta o document.readyState para mudar para \u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; antes de retornar da chamada para navigate. Porque o elemento p é adicionado após o carregamento do documento concluído, este script WebDriver pode ser intermitente. \u0026ldquo;Pode\u0026rdquo; ser intermitente porque nenhuma garantia pode ser feita sobre elementos ou eventos que disparam de forma assíncrona sem esperar explicitamente - ou bloquear - nesses eventos.\nFelizmente, o conjunto normal de instruções disponível na interface _WebElement _ - tal como WebElement.click e WebElement.sendKeys — são garantidamente síncrono, em que as chamadas de função não retornarão (ou o retorno de chamada não será acionado em linguagens de estilo de retorno de chamada) até que o comando seja concluído no navegador. As APIs avançadas de interação com o usuário, Keyboard e Mouse, são exceções, pois são explicitamente pretendidas como comandos assíncronos “faça o que eu digo”.\nEsperar é fazer a execução de tarefa automatizada esperar passar um certo tempo antes de continuar com a próxima etapa.\nPara superar o problema das condições de corrida entre o navegador e o script WebDriver, a maioria dos clientes Selenium vem com um pacote wait. Ao empregar uma espera, você está usando o que é comumente referido como uma espera explícita.\nEspera explícita Esperas explícitas estão disponíveis para clientes Selenium para linguagens procedurais imperativas. Eles permitem que seu código interrompa a execução do programa, ou congelar o tópico, até que a condição que você passe resolva. A condição é chamada com uma certa frequência até que o tempo limite de espera tenha decorrido. Isso significa que, enquanto a condição retornar um valor falso, ele continuará tentando e esperando.\nComo as esperas explícitas permitem que você espere até que uma condição ocorra, eles são adequados para sincronizar o estado entre o navegador e seu DOM, e seu script WebDriver.\nPara remediar o nosso conjunto de instruções com erros de antes, poderíamos empregar um tempo de espera para que a chamada findElement espere até que o elemento adicionado dinamicamente do script seja adicionado ao DOM:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     Passamos a condição como uma referência de função que o wait executará repetidamente até que seu valor de retorno seja verdadeiro. Um valor de retorno “verdadeiro” é qualquer coisa avaliada como booleana verdadeira na linguagem em questão, como string, número, booleano, um objeto (incluindo um WebElement), ou uma sequência ou lista preenchida (não vazia). Isso significa que uma lista vazia é avaliada como falsa. Quando a condição é verdadeira e a espera de bloqueio é abortada, o valor de retorno da condição se torna o valor de retorno da espera.\nCom este conhecimento, e como o utilitário de espera ignora erros no such element por padrão, podemos refatorar nossas instruções para sermos mais concisos:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     Nesse exemplo, passamos uma função anônima (mas também podemos definá-la explicitamente, como fizemos antes, para que possa ser reutilizado). O primeiro e único argumento que é passado para nossa condição é sempre uma referência ao nosso objeto driver, WebDriver. Em um ambiente multi-thread, você deve ter cuidado para operar na referência do driver passada para a condição em vez da referência ao driver no escopo externo.\nDado que a espera vai engolir erros no such element que são gerados quando o elemento não é encontrado, a condição tentará novamente até que o elemento seja encontrado. Em seguida, ele receberá o valor de retorno, um WebElement, e o passará de volta para o nosso script.\nSe a condição falhar, por exemplo um valor de retorno verdadeiro da condição nunca for alcançado, a espera lançará/gerará um erro/exceção chamado timeout error.\nOpções A condição de espera pode ser personalizada para atender às suas necessidades. Às vezes, é desnecessário esperar todo o tempo limite padrão, já que a penalidade por não atingir uma condição de sucesso pode ser cara.\nA espera permite que você passe um argumento para substituir o tempo limite:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     Condições esperadas Já que é uma ocorrência bastante comum ter que sincronizar o DOM e suas instruções, a maioria dos clientes também vem com um conjunto de condições esperadas predefinidas. Como pode ser óbvio pelo nome, são condições predefinidas para operações de espera frequentes.\nAs condições disponíveis nas diferentes linguagens variam, mas esta é uma lista não exaustiva de alguns:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  Você pode consultar a documentação da API para cada biblioteca de cliente para encontrar uma lista exaustiva das condições esperadas:\n Classe Java org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions Classe Python selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions Tipo .NET OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  Espera implícita Há um segundo tipo de espera que é diferente de espera explícita chamada espera implícita. Esperando implicitamente, o WebDriver pesquisa o DOM por um certo período ao tentar encontrar qualquer elemento. Isso pode ser útil quando certos elementos da página da web não estão disponíveis imediatamente e precisam de algum tempo para carregar.\nA espera implícita pelo aparecimento de elementos está desativada por padrão e precisará ser habilitada manualmente por sessão. Misturar esperas explícitas e esperas implícitas irá causar consequências não intencionais, ou seja, espera dormir pelo máximo tempo mesmo se o elemento estiver disponível ou a condição for verdadeira.\nAtenção: Não misture esperas implícitas e explícitas. Isso pode causar tempos de espera imprevisíveis. Por exemplo, definir uma espera implícita de 10 segundos e uma espera explícita de 15 segundos pode causar um tempo limite após 20 segundos.\nUma espera implícita é dizer ao WebDriver para pesquisar o DOM por um certo período de tempo ao tentar encontrar um elemento ou elementos se não estiverem imediatamente disponíveis. A configuração padrão é 0, o que significa desativado. Depois de definida, a espera implícita é definida para a duração da sessão.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     FluentWait A instância FluentWait define a quantidade máxima de tempo de espera por uma condição, bem como a frequência com que verificar a condição.\nOs usuários podem configurar a espera para ignorar tipos específicos de exceções enquanto esperam, como NoSuchElementException ao pesquisar um elemento na página.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/","title":"Grid 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 é uma implementação nova e não compartilha a base de código da versão anterior.\nGrid 4 tem uma abordagem para tirar proveito de uma série de novas tecnologias para facilitar o escalonamento, permitindo ainda a execução local.\nPara obter todos os detalhes dos componentes do Grid 4, entenda como funciona e como definir o seu próprio. Navegue pelas seguintes seções.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Login via Gmail, email e Facebook","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Por vários motivos, fazer login em sites como Gmail e Facebook usando do WebDriver não é recomendado. Além de ser contra os termos de uso desses sites (onde você corre o risco de ter a conta encerrada), é lento e não confiável.\nA prática ideal é usar as APIs que os provedores de e-mail oferecem, ou no caso do Facebook, o serviço de ferramentas para desenvolvedores que expõe uma API para criar contas de teste, amigos e assim por diante. Embora usar uma API possa parecer um pouco trabalhoso, você será recompensado em velocidade, confiabilidade e estabilidade. A API também não deve mudar, enquanto as páginas da web e os localizadores de HTML mudam frequentemente e exigem que você atualize sua estrutura de teste.\nLogin em sites de terceiros usando WebDriver em qualquer ponto do seu teste aumenta o risco de seu teste falhar porque torna o teste mais longo. Uma regra geral é que testes mais longos são mais frágeis e não confiáveis.\nImplementações WebDriver que estão em conformidade com W3C também anotam o objeto navigator com uma propriedade WebDriver para que os ataques de negação de serviço possam ser mitigados.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"Rotas da Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Status da Grid O status da Grid fornece o estado atual da grid. Consiste em detalhes sobre cada nó registrado. Para cada nó, o status inclui informações sobre a disponibilidade, sessões e slots do nó.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; No modo Standalone, o URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor Hub.\nNo modo totalmente distribuído, a URL da Grid é o endereço do servidor do roteador.\nA URL padrão para todos os modos acima é http://localhost:4444.\nDistribuidor Remover Nó Para remover o Nó da Grid, use o comando cURL listado abaixo. Ele não interrompe nenhuma sessão em andamento em execução nesse nó. O Node continua rodando como está, a menos que seja explicitamente eliminado. O Distribuidor não está mais ciente do Nó e, portanto, qualquer solicitação de nova sessão correspondente não será encaminhado para esse Nó.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL do distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do Distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL é o endereço do servidor Distribuidor.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drenar Nó O comando de drenagem de nó é para desligamento normal de nó. A drenagem para o Node após a conclusão de todas as sessões em andamento. No entanto, ele não aceita novas solicitações de sessão.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL do distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do Distribuidor é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL é o endereço do servidor Distribuidor.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Nó Os terminais nesta seção são aplicáveis ao modo Hub-Node e ao modo Grid totalmente distribuída, onde o Nó é executado de forma independente. A URL do Nó padrão é http://localhost:5555 no caso de um Nó. No caso de vários Nós, use Grid status para obter todos os detalhes do Nó e localizar o endereço do Nó.\nStatus O status do Nó é essencialmente uma verificação de integridade do Nó. O distribuidor executa ping no status do Nó em intervalos regulares e atualiza o modelo de Grid de acordo. O status inclui informações sobre disponibilidade, sessões e slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drenagem O Distribuidor passa o comando [drain](# drain-node) para o Nó apropriado identificado pelo ID do Nó. Para drenar o Nó diretamente, use o comando cuRL listado abaixo. Ambos as rotas são válidas e produzem o mesmo resultado. Drenar termina as sessões em andamento antes de interromper o Nó.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Checar dono da sessão Para verificar se uma sessão pertence a um Nó, use o comando cURL listado abaixo.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Ele retornará true se a sessão pertencer ao Nó, caso contrário, retornará false.\nDeletar sessão A exclusão da sessão encerra a sessão do WebDriver, fecha o driver e o remove do mapa de sessões ativas. Qualquer solicitação usando o id de sessão removido ou reutilizando a instância do driver gerará um erro.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; Se nenhum segredo de registro foi configurado durante a configuração da Grid, use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Fila de Sessão Limpar a Fila de Sessão A Fila de Sessão contém as novas solicitações de sessão. Para limpar a fila, use o comando cURL listado abaixo. Limpar a fila rejeita todas as solicitações na fila. Para cada solicitação, o servidor retorna uma resposta de erro ao respectivo cliente. O resultado do comando clear é o número total de solicitações excluídas.\nNo modo Standalone, a URL queuer é o endereço do servidor Standalone.\nNo modo Hub-Node, a URL do enfileirador é o endereço do servidor Hub.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; No modo totalmente distribuído, a URL do enfileirador é o endereço do servidor do Enfileirador de Sessões.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Selenium IDE Legado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Introdução A Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) é a ferramenta que você usa para desenvolver seus casos de teste Selenium. É um plug-in do Firefox fácil de usar e é geralmente a maneira mais eficiente de desenvolver casos de teste. Ela também contém um menu de contexto que permite que você primeiro selecione um elemento de UI do navegador atualmente exibido na página e, em seguida, selecione de uma lista de comandos Selenium com parâmetros predefinidos de acordo com o contexto do elemento de UI selecionado. Isso não é apenas uma economia de tempo, mas também uma excelente maneira de aprender a sintaxe do script Selenium.\nEste capítulo é sobre a Selenium IDE e como usá-la efetivamente.\nInstalando a IDE Usando o Firefox, primeiro, baixe a IDE da página de downloads do SeleniumHQ.\nO Firefox irá protegê-lo contra a instalação de complementos de locais desconhecidos, então você precisará clicar em \u0026ldquo;Permitir\u0026rdquo; para prosseguir com a instalação, conforme mostrado na imagem a seguir.\nAo fazer download do Firefox, você verá a seguinte janela.\nSelecione Instalar Agora. A janela de complementos do Firefox aparece, mostrando primeiro uma barra de progresso, e quando o download for concluído, exibe o seguinte.\nReinicie o Firefox. Após a reinicialização do Firefox, você encontrará a Selenium-IDE listada no menu Ferramentas do Firefox.\nAbrindo a IDE Para executar a Selenium-IDE, simplesmente selecione-a no menu Ferramentas do Firefox. Ela abrirá como segue com uma janela de edição de script vazia e um menu para carregar ou criar novos casos de teste.\nFuncionalidades da IDE Barra de Menu O menu Arquivo tem opções para Caso de Teste e Suíte de Testes (conjunto de casos de teste). Usando isso, você pode adicionar um novo caso de teste, abrir um caso de teste, salvar um caso de teste, e exportar um caso de teste em uma linguagem de sua escolha. Você também pode abrir o caso de teste mais recente. Todas essas opções também estão disponíveis para a suíte de testes.\nO menu Editar permite copiar, colar, excluir, desfazer e selecionar todas as operações para editar os comandos em seu caso de teste. O menu Opções permite a mudança de configurações. Você pode definir o valor de tempo limite para certos comandos, extensões de usuário para o conjunto básico de comandos Selenium e especificar o formato (linguagem) usado ao salvar seus casos de teste. O menu Ajuda é o padrão Menu Ajuda do Firefox; há apenas um item neste menu - Documentação do elemento de UI - pertencente ao Selenium-IDE.\nBarra de Ferramentas A barra de ferramentas contém botões para controlar a execução de seus casos de teste, incluindo um recurso de etapas para depurar seus casos de teste. O botão mais à direita, aquele com o ponto vermelho, é o botão de gravação.\nControle de velocidade: controla a velocidade de execução do seu caso de teste.\nExecutar todos: executa todo a suíte de testes quando uma suíte de testes com vários casos de teste é carregado.\nExecutar: executa o teste atualmente selecionado. Quando apenas um único teste é carregado este botão e o botão Executar todos têm o mesmo efeito.\nPausar/Continuar: permite interromper e reiniciar um caso de teste em execução.\nStep: permite que você \u0026ldquo;avance\u0026rdquo; por um caso de teste, executando um comando de cada vez. Use para depurar casos de teste.\nModo TestRunner: permite que você execute o caso de teste em um navegador carregado com o Selenium-Core TestRunner. O TestRunner não é comumente usado agora e é provável seja descontinuado. Este botão é para avaliar casos de teste para compatibilidade com versões anteriores com o TestRunner. A maioria dos usuários provavelmente não precisará desse botão.\nAplicar regras de Rollup: Este recurso avançado permite sequências repetitivas de comandos do Selenium a serem agrupadas em uma única ação. A documentação detalhada sobre as regras de rollup podem ser encontradas na documentação do Elemento de UI no menu Ajuda.\nPainel de casos de teste Seu script é exibido no painel de casos de teste. Tem duas guias, uma para exibir o comando e seus parâmetros em um formato de “tabela” legível.\nA outra guia - Código Fonte exibe o caso de teste no formato nativo no qual o arquivo será armazenado. Por padrão, é HTML, embora possa ser alterado para uma linguagem de programação como Java ou C#, ou uma linguagem de script como Python. Consulte o menu Opções para obter detalhes. A visualização do Código Fonte também permite editar o caso de teste em sua forma bruta, incluindo operações de copiar, recortar e colar.\nOs campos de entrada de Comando, Destino e Valor exibem o comando atualmente selecionado junto com seus parâmetros. Estes são campos de entrada onde você pode modificar o comando atualmente selecionado. O primeiro parâmetro especificado para um comando na guia Referência do painel inferior sempre vai para o campo Destino. Se um segundo parâmetro é especificado pela guia Referência, ele sempre vai no campo Valor.\nSe você começar a digitar no campo Comando, uma lista suspensa será preenchida com base nos primeiros caracteres que você digitar; você pode então selecionar o comando que deseja no menu suspenso.\nPainel de Log / Referência / Elemento de UI / Rollup O painel inferior é usado para quatro funções diferentes - Log, Referência, Elemento de UI e Rollup - dependendo da guia selecionada.\nLog Quando você executa seu caso de teste, mensagens de erro e mensagens de informação mostrando o progresso são exibidas neste painel automaticamente, mesmo se você não selecionar a guia Log primeiro. Essas mensagens geralmente são úteis para depuração de casos de teste. Observe o botão Limpar para limpar o registro. Observe também que o botão Informações é um drop-down permitindo a seleção de diferentes níveis de informação para registrar.\nReferência A guia Referência é a seleção padrão sempre que você entrar ou modificar comandos e parâmetros Selenium no modo Tabela. No modo Tabela, o painel de Referência exibirá a documentação do comando atual. Ao inserir ou modificar comandos, seja do modo Tabela ou Código Fonte, é criticamente importante garantir que os parâmetros especificados nos campos Destino e Valor correspondem aos especificados na lista de parâmetros do painel Referência. O número de parâmetros fornecidos deve corresponder ao número especificado, a ordem dos parâmetros fornecidos deve corresponder à ordem especificada e os tipos de parâmetros fornecidos devem corresponder aos tipos especificados. Se houver uma incompatibilidade em qualquer uma dessas três áreas, o comando não funcionará corretamente.\nEmbora a guia Referência seja ótima como uma referência rápida, ainda é necessário consultar a documentação de referência do Selenium.\nElemento de UI e Rollup Informações detalhadas sobre esses dois painéis (que abrangem recursos avançados) podem ser encontradas na documentação do Elemento de UI no menu Ajuda do Selenium-IDE.\nConstruindo casos de teste Existem três métodos principais para desenvolver casos de teste. Frequentemente, um desenvolvedor de testes necessita de todas as três técnicas.\nGravando Muitos usuários de primeira viagem começam gravando um caso de teste de suas interações com um site. Quando a Selenium-IDE é aberta pela primeira vez, o botão de gravação é ativado por padrão. Se você não quiser que a Selenium-IDE comece a gravar automaticamente, você pode desligar isso indo em Opções \u0026gt; Opções… e desmarcando “Iniciar gravação imediatamente ao abrir.”\nDurante a gravação, a Selenium-IDE irá inserir comandos automaticamente em seu caso de teste com base em suas ações. Normalmente, isso incluirá:\n clicar em um link - comandos click ou clickAndWait inserir valores - comando type selecionar opções de uma caixa de listagem suspensa - comando select clicar em caixas de seleção ou botões de rádio - comando click  Aqui estão algumas “pegadinhas” para ficar atento:\n O comando type pode exigir o clique em alguma outra área da página da web para começar a gravar. Seguir um link geralmente registra um comando de clique. Frequentemente, você precisará mudar isso para clickAndWait para garantir que seu caso de teste pause até que a nova página seja completamente carregada. Caso contrário, seu caso de teste continuará executando comandos antes que a página carregue todos os seus elementos de UI. Isso causará uma falha de teste inesperada.  Adicionando verificações e asserções com o Menu de Contexto Seus casos de teste também precisarão verificar as propriedades de uma página da web. Isto requer comandos de asserção e verificação. Não descreveremos os detalhes desses comandos aqui; que estão no capítulo sobre Comandos do Selenium - “Selenese”. Aqui vamos simplesmente descrever como adicioná-los ao seu caso de teste.\nCom a gravação da Selenium-IDE, vá para o navegador exibindo sua aplicação de teste e clique com o botão direito em qualquer lugar da página. Você verá um menu de contexto mostrando comandos verificar e/ou declarar.\nNa primeira vez que você usa o Selenium, pode haver apenas um comando Selenium listado. Ao usar a IDE, no entanto, você encontrará comandos adicionais que serão rapidamente adicionados a este menu. A Selenium-IDE tentará prever qual comando, junto com os parâmetros, você precisará para um elemento de interface selecionado na atual página da web.\nVamos ver como isso funciona. Abra uma página da web de sua escolha e selecione um bloco de texto na página. Um parágrafo ou título funcionará bem. Agora, clique com o botão direito no texto selecionado. O menu de contexto deve fornecer um comando verifyTextPresent e o parâmetro sugerido deve ser o próprio texto.\nAlém disso, observe a opção Mostrar Todos os Comandos Disponíveis. Isso mostra muitos, muitos mais comandos, novamente, junto com parâmetros sugeridos, para testar seu elemento de UI atualmente selecionado.\nExperimente mais alguns elementos de UI. Tente clicar com o botão direito em uma imagem ou em um controle de usuário, como um botão ou uma caixa de seleção. Você pode precisar usar Mostrar Todos os Comandos Disponíveis para ver opções diferentes de verifyTextPresent. Depois de selecionar essas outras opções, os mais usados aparecerão no menu de contexto principal. Por exemplo, selecionar verifyElementPresent para uma imagem deve posteriormente fazer com que esse comando esteja disponível no menu de contexto principal na próxima vez que você selecionar uma imagem e clicar com o botão direito.\nNovamente, esses comandos serão explicados em detalhes no capítulo sobre comandos Selenium. Por enquanto, fique à vontade para usar a IDE para gravar e selecionar comandos em um caso de teste e, em seguida, execute-o. Você pode aprender muito sobre os comandos do Selenium simplesmente experimentando com a IDE.\nEditando Inserir comando Visualização Tabela Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comando. No painel de caso de teste, clique com o botão esquerdo na linha onde deseja inserir um novo comando. Clique com o botão direito e selecione Inserir Comando; a IDE irá adicionar um espaço em branco imediatamente à frente da linha que você selecionou. Agora use os campos de edição de texto para inserir seu novo comando e seus parâmetros.\nVisualização Código Fonte Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comando. No painel do caso de teste, clique com o botão esquerdo entre os comandos onde você deseja insira um novo comando e insira as tags HTML necessárias para criar uma linha de 3 colunas contendo o Comando, primeiro parâmetro (se for exigido pelo Comando), e segundo parâmetro (novamente, se for necessário para localizar um elemento) e terceiro parâmetro (novamente, se for necessário ter um valor). Exemplo:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Inserir comentário Comentários podem ser adicionados para tornar seu caso de teste mais legível. Esses comentários são ignorados quando o caso de teste é executado.\nOs comentários também podem ser usados para adicionar espaço em branco vertical (uma ou mais linhas em branco) em seus testes; apenas crie comentários vazios. Um comando vazio causará um erro durante a execução; um comentário vazio, não.\nVisualização Tabela Selecione a linha em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comentário. Clique com o botão direito e selecione Inserir Comentário. Agora use o campo Comando para inserir o comentário. Seu comentário aparecerá em roxo.\nVisualização Código Fonte Selecione o ponto em seu caso de teste onde deseja inserir o comentário. Adicione um comentário no estilo HTML, ou seja, \u0026lt;!-- seu comentário aqui --\u0026gt;\nEditar um comando ou comentário Visualização Tabela Basta selecionar a linha a ser alterada e editá-la usando os campos de comando, destino, e valor.\nVisualização Código Fonte Uma vez que a visualização do Código Fonte fornece o equivalente a um editor WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), simplesmente modifique a linha que você deseja - comando, parâmetro ou comentário.\nAbrindo e salvando um caso de teste Como a maioria dos programas, existem comandos Salvar e Abrir no menu Arquivo. No entanto, o Selenium distingue entre casos de teste e suítes de teste. Para salvar seus testes Selenium-IDE para uso posterior, você pode salvar os casos de teste individualmente ou salvar a suíte de testes. Se os casos de teste de sua suíte de testes não foram salvos, você será solicitado a salvá-los antes de salvar a suíte.\nQuando você abre um caso de teste ou suíte existente, a Selenium-IDE exibe seu comandos do Selenium no painel de caso de teste.\nExecutando casos de teste A IDE fornece muitas opções para executar seu caso de teste. Você pode executar um caso de teste inteiro de uma vez, parar e iniciar, executar uma linha de cada vez, executar um único comando que você está desenvolvendo atualmente e pode fazer uma execução em lote de uma suíte de testes. A execução de casos de teste é muito flexível na IDE.\nExecutar um caso de teste\nClique no botão Executar para executar o caso de teste mostrado.\nExecutar uma suíte de testes\nClique no botão Executar Todos para executar todos os testes dentro da suíte de testes\nParar e Continuar\nO botão de Pausa pode ser utilizado para parar o caso de teste no meio da sua execução. O ícone do botão então muda para indicar que você pode Continuar. Para continuar, clique nele.\nParar no meio\nVocê pode definir um ponto de interrupção (breakpoint) no caso de teste para que ele pare em um comando específico. Isto é útil para depurar seu teste. Para definir um ponto de interrupção, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e a partir do Menu de Contexto selecione Alternar ponto de interrupção.\nComeçar do meio\nVocê pode preferir que a IDE comece a executar a partir de um comando específico no meio do caso de teste. Isto também pode ser usado para depuração. Para definir um ponto de começo, selecione o comando, clique com o botão direito e a partir do Menu de Contexto selecione Set/Clear Start Point.\nExecute um comando isolado\nDe um duplo-clique em qualquer comando para executá-lo. Isto é útil quando você está escrevendo um único comando. Permite testar imediatamente o comando sendo construído, quando não tem certeza se ele está certo. Você pode dar um duplo-clique para ver se o comando é executado corretamente. Isto também está disponível no Menu de Contexto.\nUsando uma URL base para executar casos de teste em diferentes domínios O campo URL base na parte superior da janela da Selenium-IDE é muito útil para permitir que os casos de teste sejam executados em diferentes domínios. Suponha que um site chamado http://news.portal.com tenha um site beta interno chamado http://beta.news.portal.com. Quaisquer casos de teste para esses sites que começam com um comando open devem especificar uma URL relativa como o argumento para abrir, em vez de uma URL absoluta (começando com um protocolo como http: ou https:). A Selenium-IDE irá então criar uma URL absoluta anexando o argumento do comando open no final do valor da URL base. Por exemplo, o caso de teste abaixo seria executado em http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nEste mesmo caso de teste com uma configuração de URL base modificada seria executado em http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nComandos Selenium – “Selenese” Os comandos do Selenium, muitas vezes chamados de Selenese, são o conjunto de comandos que executam o seu testes. Uma sequência desses comandos é um script de teste. Aqui nós explicamos esses comandos em detalhes, e apresentamos as diversas opções que você tem ao testar a sua aplicação web usando o Selenium.\nSelenium fornece um conjunto rico de comandos para testar totalmente sua aplicação web quase de qualquer maneira que você possa imaginar. O conjunto de comandos é frequentemente chamado de Selenese. Esses comandos criam essencialmente uma linguagem de teste.\nEm Selenese, pode-se testar a existência de elementos de UI com base em suas tags HTML, testar a existência de um conteúdo específico, testar a existência de links quebrados, campos de entrada, opções de lista de seleção, envio de formulários e dados de tabela, entre outras coisas. Além do mais os comandos do Selenium suportam testes de tamanho de janela, posição do mouse, alertas, funcionalidade Ajax, janelas pop-up, tratamento de eventos e muitas outras características de aplicativos da web. A Referência de Comandos lista todos os comandos disponíveis.\nUm comando diz ao Selenium o que fazer. Os comandos do Selenium vêm em três \u0026ldquo;sabores\u0026rdquo;: Ações, Acessores e Asserções.\n  Ações são comandos que geralmente manipulam o estado do aplicativo. Elas fazem coisas como “clicar neste link” e “selecionar essa opção”. Se uma ação falhar ou tiver um erro, a execução do teste atual é interrompida.\nMuitas ações podem ser chamadas com o sufixo \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo;, por ex. “ClickAndWait”. Este sufixo diz ao Selenium que a ação fará com que o navegador faça uma chamada para o servidor, e que o Selenium deve aguardar o carregamento de uma nova página.\n  Acessores examinam o estado do aplicativo e armazenam os resultados em variáveis, por exemplo “StoreTitle”. Eles também são usados para gerar Asserções automaticamente.\n  Asserções são como Acessores, mas verificam se o estado da aplicação está em conformidade com o que é esperado. Os exemplos incluem “certifique-se de que o título da página é X” e “verifique se esta caixa de seleção está marcada”.\n  Todas as asserções do Selenium podem ser usadas em 3 modos: \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;wait for\u0026rdquo;. Por exemplo, você pode usar “assertText”, “verifyText” e “waitForText”. Quando uma asserção falha, o teste é abortado. Quando uma verificação falha, o teste continuará a execução, registrando a falha. Isso permite uma única asserção para certificar-se de que o aplicativo está na página correta, seguido por um monte de verificações para testar os valores dos campos do formulário, rótulos, etc.\nOs comandos \u0026ldquo;waitFor\u0026rdquo; aguardam até que alguma condição se torne verdadeira (o que pode ser útil para testar aplicativos Ajax). Eles terão sucesso imediatamente se a condição já é verdadeira. No entanto, eles falharão e interromperão o teste se a condição não se tornar verdadeira dentro da configuração de timeout atual (veja o setTimeout ação abaixo).\nSintaxe do Script Os comandos do Selenium são simples, consistem no comando e em dois parâmetros. Por exemplo:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    Os parâmetros nem sempre são necessários, depende do comando. Em alguns casos ambos são necessários, em outros um parâmetro é necessário, e ainda em outros, o comando pode não ter nenhum parâmetro. Aqui estão mais alguns exemplos:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    A referência de comandos descreve os requisitos de parâmetro para cada comando.\nOs parâmetros variam, mas normalmente são:\n um localizador para identificar um elemento de UI em uma página. um padrão de texto para verificar ou fazer uma asserção do conteúdo esperado da página um padrão de texto ou uma variável Selenium para inserir texto em um campo de entrada ou para selecionar uma opção de uma lista de opções.  Localizadores, padrões de texto, variáveis Selenium e os próprios comandos são descritos em bastante detalhe na seção sobre Comandos do Selenium.\nOs scripts do Selenium que serão executados a partir da Selenium-IDE serão armazenados em um arquivo de texto HTML. Isso consiste em uma tabela HTML com três colunas. A primeira coluna identifica o comando Selenium, a segunda é um alvo e a última coluna contém um valor. A segunda e terceira colunas podem não exigir valores dependendo do comando Selenium escolhido, mas elas devem estar presentes. Cada linha da tabela representa um novo comando Selenium. Aqui está um exemplo de um teste que abre uma página, faz um asserção no título da página e, em seguida, verifica algum conteúdo na página:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Renderizado como uma tabela em um navegador, seria assim:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    A sintaxe HTML Selenese pode ser usada para escrever e executar testes sem exigir conhecimento de uma linguagem de programação. Com um conhecimento básico de Selenese e Selenium-IDE você pode produzir e executar casos de teste rapidamente.\nSuítes de Teste Uma suíte de testes é uma coleção de testes. Frequentemente, você executará todos os testes em uma suite de teste como um trabalho em lote contínuo.\nAo usar a Selenium-IDE, as suítes de testes também podem ser definidas usando um arquivo HTML simples. A sintaxe novamente é simples. Uma tabela HTML define uma lista de testes onde cada linha define o caminho do sistema de arquivos para cada teste. Um exemplo diz tudo.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Um arquivo semelhante a este permitiria executar todos os testes de uma vez, um após o outro, a partir da Selenium-IDE.\nAs suítes de testes também podem ser mantidas ao usar o Selenium-RC. Isso é feito via programação de várias maneiras. Normalmente Junit é usado para manter um conjunto de testes se estiver usando Selenium-RC com Java. Além disso, se C# é a linguagem escolhida, o Nunit pode ser utilizado. Se estiver usando uma linguagem interpretada como Python com Selenium-RC, então alguma programação simples seria envolvida na configuração de uma suíte. Uma vez que o motivo de usar Selenium-RC é se aproveitar da lógica de programação para o seu teste, geralmente não é um problema.\nComandos Selenium usados com frequencia Para concluir nossa introdução ao Selenium, mostraremos alguns comandos típicos. Estes são provavelmente os comandos mais comumente usados para construir testes.\nopen\nabre uma página usando a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nrealiza um clique e opcionalmente aguarda o carregamento de uma nova página.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifica se o título da página é o esperado.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifica se o texto esperado está em algum lugar da página.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifica se o elemento de UI esperado, definido pela tag HTML, está em algum lugar da página.\nverifyText\nverficia se o texto esperado e a tag HTML correspondente estão presentes na página.\nverifyTable\nverifica se o conteúdo da tabela é o esperado.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npausa a execução até que a nova página carregue. Chamado automaticamente quando clickAndWait é utilizado.\nwaitForElementPresent\npausa a execução até que um elemento HTML, definido por sua tag HTML, esteja presenta na página.\nVerificando elementos da página Verificar os elementos de UI em uma página da web é provavelmente o recurso mais comum dos seus testes automatizados. Selenese permite várias maneiras de verificar os elementos de UI. É importante que você entenda esses métodos diferentes porque eles definem o que você está realmente testando.\nPor exemplo, você vai testar se\u0026hellip;\n um elemento está presente em algum lugar da página? um texto específico está em algum lugar da página? um texto específico está em um local específico na página?  Por exemplo, se você estiver testando um título de texto, o texto e sua posição na parte superior da página provavelmente são relevantes para o seu teste. Se, no entanto, você está testando a existência de uma imagem na página inicial, e os web designers frequentemente alteram o arquivo de imagem específico junto com sua posição na página, então você só quer testar se uma imagem (em oposição à um arquivo de imagem específico) existe em algum lugar.\nAsserção ou Verificação? Escolher entre \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; se resume à conveniência e gerenciamento de falhas. Não vale a pena verificar se o primeiro parágrafo da página é correto se o seu teste já falhou ao verificar se o navegador está exibindo a página esperada. Se você não estiver na página correta, você provavelmente vai querer abortar seu caso de teste para poder investigar a causa e corrigir o(s) problema(s) imediatamente. Por outro lado, você pode querer verificar muitos atributos de uma página sem abortar o caso de teste na primeira falha pois isso permitirá que você analise todas as falhas na página e tome a ação apropriada. Efetivamente, um \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; irá falhar no teste e abortar o caso de teste atual, enquanto um \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo; irá falhar no teste e continuar a executar o caso de teste.\nO melhor uso desse recurso é agrupar logicamente seus comandos de teste e iniciar cada grupo com um \u0026ldquo;assert\u0026rdquo; seguido por um ou mais comandos de \u0026ldquo;verify\u0026rdquo;. Segue um exemplo:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    O exemplo acima primeiro abre uma página e, em seguida, faz uma asserção para saber se a página correta é carregada comparando o título com o valor esperado. Só se passar, o seguinte comando será executado e verificará se o texto está presente na localização esperada. O caso de teste, então, faz uma asserção para saber se a primeira coluna na segunda linha da primeira tabela contém o valor esperado, e somente se este for aprovado as células restantes nessa linha serão “verificadas”.\nverifyTextPresent O comando verifyTextPresent é usado para verificar se existe um texto específico em algum lugar na página. Leva um único argumento - o texto a ser verificado. Por exemplo:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     Isso faria com que o Selenium procurasse e verificasse que a string de texto “Marketing Analysis” aparece em algum lugar na página que está sendo testada. Use verifyTextPresent quando você está interessado apenas no próprio texto estar presente na página. Não use isso quando você também precisa testar onde o texto está na página.\nverifyElementPresent Use este comando quando precisar testar a presença de um elemento de UI específico, em vez de seu conteúdo. Esta verificação não verifica o texto, apenas a tag HTML. Um uso comum é verificar a presença de uma imagem.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     Este comando verifica se uma imagem, especificada pela existência de uma tag HTML \u0026lt;img\u0026gt;, está presente na página e aparece após uma tag \u0026lt;div\u0026gt; e uma tag \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;. O primeiro (e único) parâmetro é um localizador para informar o comando Selenese de como encontrar o elemento. Os localizadores são explicados na próxima seção.\nverifyElementPresent pode ser usado para verificar a existência de qualquer tag HTML dentro da página. Você pode verificar a existência de links, parágrafos, divisões \u0026lt;div\u0026gt;, etc. Aqui estão mais alguns exemplos.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     Esses exemplos ilustram a variedade de maneiras pelas quais um elemento de UI pode ser testado. Novamente, os localizadores são explicados na próxima seção.\nverifyText Use verifyText quando o texto e seu elemento de UI devem ser testados. verifyText deve usar um localizador. Se você escolher um localizador XPath ou DOM, você pode verificar se um texto específico aparece em um local específico na página em relação a outro componente na página.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Localizando elementos Para muitos comandos do Selenium, um alvo é necessário. Este alvo identifica um elemento no conteúdo do aplicativo da web, e consiste na estratégia de localização seguida pela localização no formato locatorType = location. O tipo de localizador pode ser omitido em muitos casos. Os vários tipos de localizadores são explicados abaixo com exemplos para cada um.\nLocalizando pelo Identificador Este é provavelmente o método mais comum de localização de elementos e é o padrão quando nenhum tipo de localizador reconhecido é usado. Com esta estratégia, o primeiro elemento com o valor do atributo id correspondente ao local será usado. E se nenhum elemento tem um atributo id correspondente, então o primeiro elemento com um atributo name correspondente ao local será usado.\nPor exemplo, o código fonte da sua página pode ter atributos id e name do seguinte modo:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; As seguintes estratégias de localização retornariam os elementos do HTML acima indicado pelo número da linha:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Como o tipo de localizador identifier é o padrão, o identifier = nos primeiros três exemplos acima não é necessário.\nLocalizando pelo id Este tipo de localizador é mais limitado do que o tipo Localizador por Identificador, mas também mais explícito. Use isto quando você souber o atributo id de um elemento.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Localizando pelo name O tipo Localizador de Nome irá localizar o primeiro elemento com um atributo name correspondente. Se vários elementos tiverem o mesmo valor para um atributo name, então você pode usar filtros para refinar ainda mais sua estratégia de localização. O tipo de filtro padrão é value (correspondendo ao atributo value).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Nota: Ao contrário de alguns tipos de localizadores XPath e DOM, os três tipos de localizadores acima permitem que o Selenium teste um elemento de UI independente de sua localização em a página. Portanto, se a estrutura e a organização da página forem alteradas, o teste ainda vai passar. Você pode ou não querer também testar se a página tem mudanças de estrutura. No caso em que os web designers frequentemente alteram a página, mas sua funcionalidade deve ser testada por regressão, testando via id e atributos de nome, ou realmente através de qualquer propriedade HTML, torna-se muito importante.\nLocalizando pelo XPath XPath é a linguagem usada para localizar nós em um documento XML. Como o HTML pode ser uma implementação de XML (XHTML), os usuários do Selenium podem aproveitar esta poderosa linguagem para encontrar elementos em seus aplicativos da web. XPath vai além (bem como apoia) os métodos simples de localização por atributos id ou name e abre todos os tipos de novas possibilidades, como localizar a terceira caixa de seleção na página.\nUma das principais razões para usar XPath é quando você não tem um id adequado ou atributo de nome para o elemento que você deseja localizar. Você pode usar XPath para localizar o elemento em termos absolutos (não recomendado) ou em relação a um elemento que possui um atributo id ou name. Localizadores XPath também podem ser usados para especificar elementos por meio de atributos diferentes de id e name.\nOs XPaths absolutos contêm a localização de todos os elementos da raiz (html) e como resultado, é provável que falhe com apenas o menor ajuste na aplicação. Ao encontrar um elemento próximo com um atributo id ou name (de preferência um elemento pai), você pode localizar seu elemento de destino com base no relacionamento. É muito menos provável que isso mude e pode tornar seus testes mais robustos.\nUma vez que apenas os localizadores xpath começam com \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, não é necessário incluir o rótulo xpath= ao especificar um localizador XPath.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Caminho absoluto (seria quebrado se o HTML sofresse qualquer pequena mudança) //form[1] (3) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; no HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - O elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com um elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - Primeiro elemento \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - Primeiro elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; do elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; com o atributo \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; e o atributo \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; e o valor \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Quarto elemento filho \u0026lt;input\u0026gt; do elemento \u0026lt;form\u0026gt; com atributo \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; e valor \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  Esses exemplos cobrem alguns princípios básicos, mas para aprender mais, as seguintes referências são recomendadas:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  Existem também alguns complementos do Firefox muito úteis que podem ajudar a descobrir o XPath de um elemento:\n XPath Checker - Pode ser usado para testar os resultados do XPath. Firebug - Sugestões de XPath é apenas um dos muitos recursos poderosos deste complemento muito útil.  Localizando hyperlinks pelo texto do link Este é um método simples de localizar um hiperlink em sua página da web usando o texto do link. Se dois links com o mesmo texto estiverem presentes, então a primeira correspondência será usada.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Localizando pelo DOM O Document Object Model representa um documento HTML e pode ser acessado usando JavaScript. Esta estratégia de localização usa um JavaScript que representa um elemento na página, que pode ser simplesmente a localização do elemento usando a notação hierárquica.\nUma vez que apenas os localizadores dom começam com \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, não é necessário incluir o rótulo dom= ao especificar um localizador DOM.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  Você pode usar o próprio Selenium, bem como outros sites e extensões para explorar o DOM do seu aplicativo da web. Uma boa referência é a W3Schools.\nLocalizando pelo CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) é uma linguagem para descrever a renderização de HTML e documentos XML. CSS usa seletores para vincular propriedades de estilo a elementos no documento. Esses seletores podem ser usados pelo Selenium como outra estratégia de localização.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  Para obter mais informações sobre seletores CSS, o melhor lugar para ir é a publicação do W3C. Você encontrará todas as referências lá.\nLocalizadores implícitos Você pode optar por omitir o tipo de localizador nas seguintes situações:\n  Localizadores sem uma estratégia de localização explicitamente definida utilizará a estratégia de localização padrão. Veja Localizando pelo Identificador.\n  Localizadores começando com \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; usarão a estratégia de localização XPath. Veja Localizando pelo XPath.\n  Os localizadores que começam com \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; usarão a estratégia do localização DOM. Veja Localizando pelo DOM\n  Padrões de texto Como os localizadores, padrões são um tipo de parâmetro frequentemente exigido pelos comandos Selenese. Exemplos de comandos que exigem padrões são verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, e verifyPrompt. E como foi mencionado acima, os localizadores de link podem utilizar um padrão. Os padrões permitem que você descreva, por meio do uso de caracteres especiais, qual texto é esperado em vez de precisar especificar esse texto exatamente.\nExistem três tipos de padrões: globbing, expressões regulares e exato.\nPadrão de Globbing A maioria das pessoas está familiarizada com o uso de globbing em expansão de nome de arquivo em uma linha de comando DOS ou Unix / Linux como ls * .c. Neste caso, globbing é usado para exibir todos os arquivos no diretório atual que terminam com uma extensão .c. Globbing é bastante limitado. Apenas dois caracteres especiais são suportados na implementação do Selenium:\n* que é traduzido como \u0026ldquo;corresponder a qualquer coisa\u0026rdquo;, ou seja, nada, um único caractere ou muitos caracteres.\n[ ] (classe de caracteres) que é traduzido como \u0026ldquo;corresponder a qualquer caractere dentro dos colchetes.\u0026rdquo; Um travessão (hífen) pode ser usado como uma abreviação para especificar um intervalo de caracteres (que são contíguos no conjunto ASCII). Alguns exemplos tornarão clara a funcionalidade de uma classe de caracteres:\n[aeiou] corresponde a qualquer vogal minúscula\n[0-9] corresponde a qualquer dígito\n[a-zA-Z0-9] corresponde a qualquer caractere alfanumérico\nNa maioria dos outros contextos, globbing inclui um terceiro caractere especial, o ?. No entanto, os padrões de globbing do Selenium suportam apenas o asterisco e a classe de caracteres.\nPara especificar um parâmetro de padrão globbing para um comando Selenese, você pode prefixar o padrão com um rótulo glob:. No entanto, já que o padrão globbing é o padrão, você também pode omitir o rótulo e especificar apenas o padrão em si.\nAbaixo está um exemplo de dois comandos que usam padrões globbing. O texto real do link na página que está sendo testada foi \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; usando um padrão em vez do texto exato, o comando click funcionará mesmo se o o texto do link for alterado para \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. O asterisco do padrão glob corresponderá a \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada\u0026rdquo; entre a palavra \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; e a palavra \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     O título real da página acessada clicando no link era \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. Usando um padrão em vez do texto exato, o verifyTitle vai passar enquanto as duas palavras \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; e \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; aparecerem (nessa ordem) em qualquer lugar no título da página. Por exemplo, se o proprietário da página encurtar o título apenas para \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo;, o teste ainda seria aprovado. Usar um padrão para um link e um teste simples de que o link funcionou (como o verifyTitle acima faz) pode reduzir bastante a manutenção de tais casos de teste.\nPadrão de Expressões Regulares Os padrões de expressão regular são os mais poderosos dos três tipos de padrões que o Selenese suporta. Expressões regulares também são suportados pela maioria das linguagens de programação de alto nível, muitos editores de texto e uma série de ferramentas, incluindo utilitários grep, sed e awk da linha de comando Linux / Unix. Em Selenese, padrões de expressão regular permitem que um usuário execute muitas tarefas que iriam ser muito difíceis de outra forma. Por exemplo, suponha que seu teste precise garantir que uma determinada célula da tabela contivesse nada além de um número. regexp:[0-9]+ é um padrão simples que corresponderá a um número decimal de qualquer comprimento.\nEnquanto os padrões de Globbing do Selenese suportam apenas o * e [ ] (classe de caracteres), os padrões de expressão regular Selenese oferecem a mesma ampla gama de caracteres especiais que existem em JavaScript. Abaixo está um subconjunto desses caracteres especiais:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . qualquer caractere isolado   [ ] classe de caracteres: qualquer caractere definido dentros dos colchetes   * quantificação: 0 ou mais do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   + quantificação: 1 ou mais do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   ? quantificação: 0 ou 1 do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   {1,5} quantificação: 1 até 5 repetições do caractere anterior (ou grupo)   | alternação: o caractere/grupo na esquerda OU o caractere/grupo na direita   ( ) agrupamento: normalmente usado com alternação e/ou quantificação    Os padrões de expressão regular em Selenese precisam ser prefixados com regexp: ou regexpi:. O primeiro é sensível a maiúsculas e minúsculas; o último não faz distinção entre maiúsculas e minúsculas.\nAlguns exemplos ajudarão a esclarecer como os padrões de expressão regular podem ser usados com comandos Selenese. O primeiro usa o que é provavelmente o padrão de expressão regular mais comumente usado - .* (\u0026ldquo;ponto estrela\u0026rdquo;). Esta sequência de dois caracteres pode ser traduzida como \u0026ldquo;0 ou mais ocorrências de qualquer caractere\u0026rdquo; ou, mais simplesmente, \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada.\u0026rdquo; É o equivalente do padrão globbing de um caractere * (um único asterisco).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     O exemplo acima é funcionalmente equivalente ao exemplo anterior que usou padrões de globbing para este mesmo teste. As únicas diferenças são o prefixo (regexp: em vez de glob:) e o padrão \u0026ldquo;qualquer coisa ou nada\u0026rdquo; (.* em vez de apenas *).\nO exemplo mais complexo abaixo testa que a página de clima do Yahoo! para Anchorage, Alasca, contém informações sobre o horário do nascer do sol:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Vamos examinar a expressão regular acima em partes:\n         Sunrise: * A string Sunrise: seguida por 0 ou mais espaços   [0-9]{1,2} 1 ou 2 dígitos (para a hora do dia)   : O caractere : (sem caracteres especiais envolvidos)   [0-9]{2} 2 dígitos (para os minutos) seguidos de um espaço   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; seguido por \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am ou pm)    Padrão Exato O tipo de padrão exato do Selenium é de utilidade marginal. Ele não usa nenhum caractere especial. Então, se você precisasse procurar um caractere de asterisco real (que é especial para globbing e padrões de expressão regular), o padrão exato seria uma maneira fazer isso. Por exemplo, se você quiser selecionar um item rotulado \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026rdquo; em uma lista suspensa, o código a seguir pode funcionar ou não. O asterisco no padrão glob:Real* irá corresponder a qualquer coisa ou a nada. Portanto, se houvesse uma opção de seleção anterior rotulada \u0026ldquo;Números reais\u0026rdquo;, ser a opção selecionada em vez da opção \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026quot;.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    A fim de garantir que o item \u0026ldquo;Real*\u0026rdquo; seja selecionado, o prefixo exact: pode ser usado para criar um padrão exato conforme mostrado abaixo:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    Mas o mesmo efeito pode ser alcançado escapando o asterisco em um padrão de expressão regular:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    É bastante improvável que a maioria dos testadores precise procurar um asterisco ou um conjunto de colchetes com caracteres dentro deles (a classe de caracteres para padrões globbing). Assim, os padrões de globbing e os padrões de expressão regular são suficientes para a grande maioria de nós.\nOs comandos \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; A diferença entre um comando e sua alternativa AndWait é que o comando regular (por exemplo, click) fará a ação e continuará com o seguinte comando o mais rápido possível, enquanto a alternativa AndWait (por exemplo, clickAndWait) diz ao Selenium para esperar que a página carregue após a ação ter sido realizada.\nA alternativa AndWait é sempre usada quando a ação faz com que o navegador navegue para outra página ou recarregue a atual.\nEsteja ciente, se você usar um comando AndWait para uma ação que não aciona uma navegação/atualização, seu teste falhará. Isto acontece porque o Selenium alcançará o timeout de AndWait sem ver nenhuma navegação ou atualização sendo feita, fazendo com que o Selenium lance uma exceção de timeout.\nOs comandos waitFor em aplicações Ajax Em aplicações web orientadas a AJAX, os dados são recuperados do servidor sem atualização da página. Usar os comandos AndWait não funcionará porque a página não é realmente atualizada. Pausar a execução do teste por um determinado período de tempo também não é uma boa abordagem, pois o elemento da web pode aparecer mais tarde ou antes do período estipulado dependendo da capacidade de resposta do sistema, carga ou outros fatores descontrolados do momento, levando a falhas de teste. A melhor abordagem seria esperar pelo elemento necessário em um período dinâmico e então continuar a execução assim que o elemento for encontrado.\nIsso é feito usando comandos waitFor, como waitForElementPresent ou waitForVisible, que espera dinamicamente, verificando a condição desejada a cada segundo e continuando para o próximo comando no script assim que a condição for atendida.\nSequências de avaliação e controle de fluxo Quando um script é executado, ele simplesmente é executado em sequência, um comando após o outro.\nSelenese, por si só, não suporta declarações de condição (if-else, etc.) ou iteração (for, while, etc.). Muitos testes úteis podem ser realizados sem fluxo de controle. No entanto, para um teste funcional de conteúdo dinâmico, possivelmente envolvendo múltiplas páginas, a lógica de programação é frequentemente necessária.\nQuando o controle de fluxo é necessário, existem três opções:\na) Execute o script usando Selenium-RC e uma biblioteca cliente, como Java ou PHP para utilizar os recursos de controle de fluxo da linguagem de programação.\nb) Execute um pequeno fragmento de JavaScript de dentro do script usando o comando storeEval.\nc) Instale a extensão goto_sel_ide.js.\nA maioria dos testadores exportará o script de teste para um arquivo de linguagem de programação que usa a API Selenium-RC (consulte o capítulo Selenium-IDE). No entanto, algumas organizações preferem executar seus scripts a partir do Selenium-IDE sempre que possível (por exemplo, quando eles têm muitas pessoas de nível júnior executando testes para eles, ou quando as habilidades de programação estão em falta). Se este for o seu caso, considere um snippet de JavaScript ou a extensão goto_sel_ide.js.\nComandos de armazenamento e variáveis Selenium Você pode usar variáveis Selenium para armazenar constantes no início de um script. Além disso, quando combinado com um design de teste baseado em dados (discutido em uma seção posterior), as variáveis Selenium podem ser usadas para armazenar valores passados para o seu programa de teste da linha de comando, de outro programa ou de um arquivo.\nO comando store é o mais básico dos muitos comandos de armazenamento e pode ser usado para simplesmente armazenar um valor constante em uma variável Selenium. Leva dois parâmetros, o valor do texto a ser armazenado e uma variável Selenium. Use as convenções de nomenclatura de variável padrão de apenas caracteres alfanuméricos quando escolher um nome para sua variável.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Posteriormente em seu script, você desejará usar o valor armazenado de sua variável. Para acessar o valor de uma variável, coloque a variável em colchetes ({}) e preceda-a com um cifrão como a seguir.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    Um uso comum de variáveis é armazenar a entrada para um campo input.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Variáveis Selenium podem ser usadas no primeiro ou segundo parâmetro e são interpretadas pelo Selenium antes de quaisquer outras operações realizadas pelo comando. Uma variável Selenium também pode ser usada em uma expressão de localização.\nExiste um comando de armazenamento equivalente para cada comando de verificação e asserção. Aqui são alguns comandos de armazenamento mais comumente usados.\nstoreElementPresent Isso corresponde a verifyElementPresent. Ele simplesmente armazena um valor booleano - \u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; ou \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo; - dependendo se o elemento de UI for encontrado.\nstoreText StoreText corresponde a verifyText. Ele usa um localizador para identificar um texto específico na página. O texto, se encontrado, é armazenado na variável. StoreText pode ser usado para extrair texto da página que está sendo testada.\nstoreEval Este comando leva um script como seu primeiro parâmetro. A incorporação de JavaScript no Selenese é abordada na próxima seção. StoreEval permite que o teste armazene o resultado da execução do script em uma variável.\nJavaScript e parâmetros Selenese JavaScript pode ser usado com dois tipos de parâmetros Selenese: script e não-script (geralmente expressões). Na maioria dos casos, você deseja acessar e/ou manipular uma variável de caso de teste dentro do snippet JavaScript usado como um parâmetro Selenese. Todas as variáveis criadas em seu caso de teste são armazenadas em um array associativo JavaScript. Uma matriz associativa tem índices de string em vez de índices numéricos sequenciais. A matriz associativa contendo as variáveis do seu caso de teste é chamada storedVars. Sempre que você quiser acessar ou manipular uma variável em um snippet de JavaScript, você deve consultá-la como storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nUsando JavaScript com parâmetros de script Vários comandos Selenese especificam um parâmetro script incluindo assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval e waitForEval. Esses parâmetros não requerem sintaxe especial. Um usuário da Selenium-IDE simplesmente colocaria um snippet de código JavaScript no campo apropriado, normalmente o campo Target (porque um parâmetro script é normalmente o primeiro ou único parâmetro).\nO exemplo abaixo ilustra como um snippet de JavaScript pode ser usado para realizar um cálculo numérico simples:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    Este próximo exemplo ilustra como um snippet de JavaScript pode incluir chamadas para métodos, neste caso, os métodos toUpperCase e toLowerCasedo objeto JavaScript String.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    Usando JavaScript com parâmetros não-script JavaScript também pode ser usado para ajudar a gerar valores para parâmetros, mesmo quando o parâmetro não é especificado para ser do tipo script. No entanto, neste caso, uma sintaxe especial é necessária - o parâmetro inteiro deve ser prefixado por javascript{ com um } final, que envolve o snippet JavaScript, como em javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Abaixo está um exemplo em que o segundo parâmetro do comando type\n value - é gerado através do código JavaScript usando esta sintaxe especial:     Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - O comando de print do Selenese Selenese tem um comando simples que permite imprimir texto para a saída do seu teste. Isso é útil para fornecer notas de progresso informativas em seu teste que são exibidas no console durante a execução. Essas notas também podem ser usadas para fornecer contexto em seus relatórios de resultados de teste, o que pode ser útil para descobrir onde existe um defeito em uma página, caso seu teste encontre um problema. Finalmente, declarações echo podem ser usadas para imprimir o conteúdo de variáveis Selenium.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alertas, Popups e Múltiplas Janelas Suponha que você esteja testando uma página semelhante a esta.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; O usuário deve responder às caixas de alerta / confirmação, bem como mover o foco para as novas janelas pop-up abertas. Felizmente, o Selenium pode cobrir pop-ups de JavaScript.\nMas antes de começarmos a abordar alertas / confirmações / solicitações em detalhes individuais, é útil compreender a semelhança entre eles. Alertas, caixas de confirmação e todos os prompts têm variações do seguinte\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) gera erro se o padrão não corresponder ao texto do pop-up   assertFooPresent gera erro se o pop-up estiver presente   assertFooNotPresent gera um erro se algum pop-up não estiver presente   storeFoo(variable) armazena o texto do pop-up em uma variável   storeFooPresent(variable) armazena o texto do pop-up em uma variável e retorna verdadeiro ou falso    Ao executar no Selenium, pop-ups de JavaScript não aparecerão. Isto é porque as chamadas de função são realmente substituídas em tempo de execução pelo próprio JavaScript do Selenium. No entanto, só porque você não pode ver o pop-up, não significa que você não tem que lidar com isso. Para lidar com um pop-up, você deve chamar sua função assertFoo(padrão). Se você falhar em fazer a asserção da presença de um pop-up, seu próximo comando será bloqueado e você obterá um erro semelhante ao seguinte [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlertas Vamos começar com alertas porque eles são os pop-ups mais simples de lidar. Para começar, abra o exemplo de HTML acima em um navegador e clique no botão \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo;. Você vai observar que, depois de fechar o alerta, o texto \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; é exibido na página. Agora execute as mesmas etapas com a gravação da Selenium IDE e verifique que o texto é adicionado após fechar o alerta. Seu teste será parecido com este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     Você pode estar pensando: \u0026ldquo;Isso é estranho, nunca tentei fazer uma asserção nesse alerta.\u0026rdquo; Mas isso é a Selenium-IDE manipulando e fechando o alerta para você. Se você remover essa etapa e repetir o teste você obterá o seguinte erro [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. Você deve incluir uma asserção do alerta para reconhecer sua presença.\nSe você apenas deseja verificar que um alerta está presente, mas não sabe ou não se importa o texto que ele contém, você pode usar assertAlertPresent. Isso retornará verdadeiro ou falso, sendo que falso faz o teste parar.\nConfirmações As confirmações se comportam da mesma forma que os alertas, com assertConfirmation e assertConfirmationPresent oferecendo as mesmas características de suas contrapartes de alerta. No entanto, por padrão, o Selenium selecionará OK quando uma confirmação for exibida. Tente gravar clicando no botão \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; na página de amostra, mas clique no botão \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; no pop-up e, em seguida, confirme o texto de saída. Seu teste pode ser semelhante a este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     A função chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation diz ao Selenium que todas as seguintes confirmações devem retornar falso. Ela pode ser redefinido chamando chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nVocê vai notar que não pode repetir este teste, porque o Selenium reclama que há uma confirmação não tratada. Isso ocorre porque a ordem dos registros de eventos do Selenium-IDE faz com que o clique e chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation sejam colocados na ordem errada (faz sentido se você pensar sobre isso, o Selenium não pode saber que você está cancelando antes de abrir uma confirmação). Simplesmente troque esses dois comandos e seu teste funcionará bem.\nPrompts Os prompts se comportam da mesma forma que os alertas, com assertPrompt e assertPromptPresent oferecendo as mesmas características que suas contrapartes de alerta. Por padrão, o Selenium irá esperar você inserir dados quando o prompt for exibido. Tente gravar clicando no botão \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; na página de amostra e digite \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; no prompt. Seu teste pode ser semelhante a este:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     Se você escolher \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; no prompt, poderá observar que answerOnNextPrompt simplesmente mostrará um alvo em branco. Selenium trata o cancelamento e uma entrada em branco no prompt basicamente como a mesma coisa.\nDepuração Depurar significa encontrar e corrigir erros em seu caso de teste. Isso é normal e parte do desenvolvimento.\nNão vamos ensinar depuração aqui, pois a maioria dos novos usuários do Selenium já terá alguma experiência básica com depuração. Se isso for novo para você, recomendamos que você pergunte a um dos desenvolvedores em sua organização.\nPontos de interrupção e pontos de começo O Sel-IDE suporta a configuração de pontos de interrupção e a capacidade de iniciar e interromper a execução de um caso de teste, de qualquer ponto dele. Ou seja, você pode executar até um comando específico no meio do caso de teste e inspecionar como o caso de teste se comporta nesse ponto. Para fazer isso, defina um ponto de interrupção no comando imediatamente antes daquele a ser examinado.\nPara definir um ponto de interrupção, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e no menu de contexto selecione Alternar ponto de interrupção (Toggle Breakpoint, em inglês). Em seguida, clique no botão Executar para executar seu caso de teste do início ao ponto de interrupção.\nÀs vezes também é útil executar um caso de teste de algum lugar no meio para o final ou até um ponto de interrupção após o ponto de partida. Por exemplo, suponha que seu caso de teste primeiro faz login no site e depois executa uma série de testes e você está tentando depurar um desses testes. No entanto, você só precisa fazer o login uma vez, mas precisa continuar executando novamente o seu teste conforme você o desenvolve. Você pode fazer o login uma vez e, em seguida, executar seu caso de teste de um ponto de início colocado após a parte de login do seu caso de teste. Isso vai evitar que você tenha que fazer logout manualmente sempre que executar novamente.\nPara definir um ponto de partida, selecione um comando, clique com o botão direito e do contexto no menu selecione Definir / Limpar Ponto Inicial (Set/Clear Start Point, em inglês). Em seguida, clique no botão Executar para executar o caso de teste começando naquele ponto inicial.\nAvançando por etapas em um caso de teste Para executar um caso de teste, um comando de cada vez (\u0026ldquo;percorrê-lo\u0026rdquo;), siga estes passos:\n  Inicie o caso de teste em executando com o botão Executar na barra de ferramentas.\n  Pare imediatamente o caso de teste em execução com o botão Pausar.\n  Selecione repetidamente o botão Etapa.\n  Botão Localizar O botão Localizar é usado para ver qual elemento da interface do usuário atualmente exibido página da web (no navegador) é usado no comando Selenium atualmente selecionado. Isso é útil ao construir um localizador para o primeiro parâmetro de um comando (consulte a seção sobre: ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; no capítulo Comandos do Selenium). Ele pode ser usado com qualquer comando que identifica um elemento de UI em uma página da web, ou seja, click, clickAndWait, type e certos comandos assert e verify, entre outros.\nNa visualização de Tabela, selecione qualquer comando que tenha um parâmetro localizador. Clique no botão Localizar. Agora olhe na página da web: deve haver um retângulo verde brilhante envolvendo o elemento especificado pelo parâmetro localizador.\nCódigo Fonte da página para depuração Muitas vezes, ao depurar um caso de teste, você simplesmente deve olhar para o código fonte da página (o HTML da página da web que você está tentando testar) para determinar um problema. O Firefox torna isso mais fácil. Simplesmente clique com o botão direito na página da web e selecione \u0026lsquo;Exibir-\u0026gt; Código-fonte da página. O HTML é aberto em uma janela separada. Use seu recurso de pesquisa (Editar =\u0026gt; Encontrar) para procurar uma palavra-chave para encontrar o HTML do elemento de UI que você está tentando testar.\nComo alternativa, selecione apenas a parte da página da web para a qual deseja ver o código fonte. Em seguida, clique com o botão direito na página da web e selecione Exibir Código Fonte da Seleção. Neste caso, a janela HTML separada conterá apenas uma pequena quantidade de código fonte, com destaque na parte que representa a sua seleção.\nAssistência de localizador Sempre que a Selenium-IDE registra um argumento do tipo localizador, ela armazena informações adicionais que permitem ao usuário visualizar outros possíveis argumentos do tipo localizador que podem ser usados em seu lugar. Este recurso pode ser muito útil para aprender mais sobre localizadores e muitas vezes é necessário para ajudar a construir um tipo de localizador diferente do tipo que foi registrado.\nEsta assistência do localizador é apresentada na janela Selenium-IDE como um menu suspenso acessível na extremidade direita do campo Destino (Target, em inglês) (somente quando o campo Destino contém um argumento do tipo localizador registrado). Abaixo está uma captura de tela mostrando o conteúdo desse menu suspenso para um comando. Observe que a primeira coluna do menu suspenso fornece localizadores alternativos, enquanto a segunda coluna indica o tipo de cada alternativa.\nProgramando uma suíte de testes Uma suíte de testes é uma coleção de casos de teste que é exibida no painel mais à esquerda na IDE. O painel da suíte de testes pode ser aberto ou fechado manualmente selecionando um pequeno ponto no meio da borda direita do painel (que é a borda esquerda da janela inteira da Selenium-IDE se o painel estiver fechado).\nO painel da suíte de testes será aberto automaticamente quando uma suíte de testes existente é aberta ou quando o usuário seleciona o item Novo Caso de Teste (New Test Case, em inglês) no menu Arquivo. Neste último caso, o novo caso de teste aparecerá imediatamente abaixo do caso de teste anterior.\nA Selenium-IDE também suporta o carregamento de casos de teste pré-existentes usando Arquivo -\u0026gt; Adicionar Caso de Teste. Isso permite que você adicione casos de teste existentes a um novo conjunto de testes.\nUm arquivo de suíte de testes é um arquivo HTML que contém uma tabela de uma coluna. Cada célula de cada linha na seção  contém um link para um caso de teste. O exemplo abaixo é de um conjunto de testes contendo quatro casos de teste:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Observação: os arquivos do caso de teste não devem ser colocados no mesmo local do arquivo do conjunto de testes que os invoca. E em sistemas Mac OS e Linux, esse é realmente o caso. No entanto, no momento em que este livro foi escrito, um bug impedia os usuários do Windows de ser capaz de colocar os casos de teste em outro lugar que não com o conjunto de testes que os invoca.\nExtensões de usuário As extensões de usuário são arquivos JavaScript que permitem criar as suas próprias personalizações e recursos para adicionar funcionalidade adicional. Frequentemente, isso está na forma de comandos personalizados, embora esta extensibilidade não se limite a comandos adicionais.\nExistem várias extensões úteis criadas por usuários.\nIMPORTANTE: ESTA SEÇÃO ESTÁ DESATUALIZADA - REVISAREMOS EM BREVE.\n extensões: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  Extensão goto_sel_ide.js:\nTalvez a mais popular de todas as extensões da Selenium-IDE é aquela que fornece controle de fluxo na forma de loops while e condicionais primitivas. Esta extensão é a goto_sel_ide.js_. Para um exemplo de como usar a funcionalidade fornecida por esta extensão, veja a página criada pelo autor.\nPara instalar esta extensão, coloque o nome do caminho da extensão em seu computador no campo Selenium Core extensions da Selenium-IDE Opções =\u0026gt; Opções =\u0026gt; Geral.\nDepois de selecionar o botão OK, você deve fechar e reabrir a Selenium-IDE para que o arquivo de extensões seja lido. Qualquer mudança que você fizer em uma extensão também exigirá que você feche e reabra a Selenium-IDE.\nInformações sobre como escrever suas próprias extensões podem ser encontradas perto da parte inferior do documento Selenium Reference.\nÀs vezes, pode ser muito útil depurar passo a passo a Selenium IDE e sua Extensão do usuário. O único depurador que parece capaz de depurar as extensões baseadas em XUL / Chrome é o Venkman, que é suportada no Firefox até a versão 32 (incluída). A depuração passo a passo foi verificada para funcionar com Firefox 32 e Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormato Formato, no menu Opções, permite que você selecione uma linguagem para salvar e exibir o caso de teste. O padrão é HTML.\nSe você for usar Selenium-RC para executar seus casos de teste, este recurso é usado para traduzir seu caso de teste em uma linguagem de programação. Selecione a linguagem, por exemplo Java ou PHP, que você usará com Selenium-RC para o desenvolvimento dos seus programas de teste. Em seguida, simplesmente salve o caso de teste usando Arquivo =\u0026gt; Exportar Caso de Teste Como. Seu caso de teste será traduzido para uma série de funções na linguagem que você escolher. Essencialmente, o código do programa que suporta o seu teste é gerado para você por Selenium-IDE.\nAlém disso, observe que se o código gerado não atender às suas necessidades, você pode alterar editando um arquivo de configuração que define o processo de geração. Cada linguagem com suporte possui definições de configuração que podem ser editadas. Isto está em Opções =\u0026gt; Opções =\u0026gt; Formatos.\nExecutando testes da Selenium-IDE em diferentes navegadores Embora o Selenium-IDE só possa executar testes no Firefox, os testes desenvolvidos com Selenium-IDE podem ser executados em outros navegadores, usando uma interface de linha de comando simples que invoca o servidor Selenium-RC. Este tópico é abordado na seção: ref: Executar testes Selenese \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; no capítulo Selenium-RC. A opção de linha de comando -htmlSuite é o recurso específico de interesse.\nSolução de problemas Abaixo está uma lista de pares de imagem / explicação que descrevem fontes de problemas com Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nEsta mensagem pode ser exibida ocasionalmente na guia Tabela quando a Selenium IDE é lançada. A solução alternativa é fechar e reabrir a Selenium IDE. Veja a issue 1008. Para maiores informações. Se você é capaz de reproduzir isso de forma confiável, por favor forneça detalhes para que possamos trabalhar em uma correção.\n error loading test case: no command found\nVocê usou File =\u0026gt; Open para tentar abrir um arquivo de suíte de testes. Use File =\u0026gt; Open Test Suite em vez disso.\nUma solicitação de aprimoramento foi levantada para melhorar esta mensagem de erro. Veja a issue 1010.\n Este tipo de erro pode indicar um problema de tempo, ou seja, o elemento especificado por um localizador em seu comando não foi totalmente carregado quando o comando foi executado. Tente colocar um pause 5000 antes do comando para determinar se o problema está realmente relacionado ao tempo. Em caso afirmativo, investigue usando um comando waitFor* ou *AndWait apropriado antes do comando com falha.\n Sempre que sua tentativa de usar a substituição de variável falha, como é o caso para o comando open acima, isso indica que você não criou realmente a variável cujo valor você está tentando acessar. Isto é às vezes devido a colocar a variável no campo Valor quando deve estar no campo Destino ou vice-versa. No exemplo acima, os dois parâmetros para o comando store foram erroneamente colocados na ordem inversa do que é necessário. Para qualquer comando Selenese, o primeiro parâmetro obrigatório deve ir no campo Destino e o segundo parâmetro obrigatório (se houver) deve ir no campo Valor.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nUm dos casos de teste em seu conjunto de testes não pode ser encontrado. Certifique-se de que o caso de teste está realmente localizado onde o conjunto de testes indica que ele está localizado. Além disso, certifique-se de que seus arquivos de caso de teste tenham a extensão .html em seus nomes de arquivo e no arquivo de suíte de testes onde são referenciados.\nUma solicitação de aprimoramento foi levantada para melhorar esta mensagem de erro. Veja a issue 1011.\n O conteúdo do seu arquivo de extensão não foi lido pela Selenium-IDE. Certifique-se de ter especificado o nome do caminho adequado para o arquivo de extensões via Options =\u0026gt; Options =\u0026gt; General no campo Selenium Core extensions. Além disso, a Selenium-IDE deve ser reiniciada após qualquer alteração em um arquivo de extensões ou no conteúdo do campo Selenium Core extensions.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"Simulação de serviços externos","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Eliminar as dependências de serviços externos melhorará muito a velocidade e estabilidade de seus testes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"Sobre esta documentação","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Essa documentação, como o próprio código, são mantidos 100% por voluntários dentro da comunidade Selenium. Muitos têm usado desde o seu início, mas muitos mais o usam há pouco tempo, e dedicaram seu tempo para ajudar a melhorar a experiência de integração para novos usuários.\nSe houver algum problema com a documentação, queremos saber! A melhor maneira de comunicar um problema é visitar https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues e pesquise se o problema já foi ou não arquivado. Se não, fique à vontade para abrir um!\nMuitos membros da comunidade frequentam o canal Libera #selenium em Libera.chat. Sinta-se à vontade para entrar e fazer perguntas e se você receber ajuda que você acha que poderia ser útil nessa documentação, certifique-se de adicionar sua contribuição! Podemos atualizar essa documentação, mas é muito mais fácil para todos quando recebemos contribuições de fora dos committers normais.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"Classes de suporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"As classes de suporte do WebDriver são fornecidas para simplificar a manutenção do seu código. Eles fornecem uma boa abstração para fazer a modelagem de elemento(s) HTML como objetos de domínio mais fáceis, também fornecendo métodos auxiliares para tornar o uso de tais objetos fácil de se pensar. Vamos aprender sobre:\n Estratégias de localizador Eventos LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  Vamos começar:\nThreadGuard  Esta classe está disponível apenas no Java Binding\n ThreadGuard verifica se um driver é chamado apenas da mesma thread que o criou. Problemas de threading, especialmente durante a execução de testes em paralelo, podem ter erros misteriosos e difíceis de diagnosticar. Usar este wrapper evita esta categoria de erros e gerará uma exceção quando isso acontecer.\nO exemplo a seguir simula um conflito de threads:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) criou este driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) está chamando o mesmo driver causando o conflito  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } O resultado mostrado abaixo:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour Conforme visto no exemplo:\n protectedDriver será criado no tópico principal Usamos Java Runnable para ativar um novo processo e uma nova Thread para executar o processo Ambas as Threads entrarão em conflito porque a thread principal não tem protectedDriver em sua memória. ThreadGuard.protect lançará uma exceção.  Nota: Isso não substitui a necessidade de usar ThreadLocal para gerenciar drivers durante a execução em paralelo.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"Dependência entre testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Uma ideia comum e um equívoco sobre o teste automatizado é sobre uma ordem de testes específica. Seus testes devem ser executados em qualquer ordem, e não depender da conclusão de outros testes para ter sucesso.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"Relatórios melhorados","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O Selenium não foi projetado para relatar sobre o status de casos de teste. Aproveitar os recursos de relatórios integrados de frameworks de teste unitários é um bom começo. A maioria dos frameworks de teste unitários podem gerar relatórios formatados em xUnit ou HTML. Relatórios xUnit são populares para importar resultados para um servidor de integração contínua (CI) como Jenkins, Travis, Bamboo, etc. Aqui estão alguns links para obter mais informações sobre resultados de relatórios em vários idiomas.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"Servidor do WebDriver remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O servidor sempre será executado na máquina com o navegador que você deseja testar. O servidor pode ser usado a partir da linha de comando ou por meio de configuração de código.\nIniciando o servidor a partir da linha de comando Depois de fazer o download do selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar, coloque-o no computador com o navegador que deseja testar. Então, a partir do diretório com o jar, execute o seguinte:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar Considerações para executar o servidor O chamador deve encerrar cada sessão adequadamente, chamando ou Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit.\nO selenium-server mantém registros na memória para cada sessão em andamento, que são apagados quando Selenium#stop() ou WebDriver#quit é chamado. E se você se esquecer de encerrar essas sessões, seu servidor pode vazar memória. E se você mantém sessões de duração extremamente longa, você provavelmente precisará parar / sair de vez em quando (ou aumentar a memória com a opção -Xmx jvm).\nTimeouts (a partir da versão 2.21) O servidor tem dois timeouts diferentes, que podem ser definidos da seguinte forma:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  Controla por quanto tempo o navegador pode travar (valor em segundos).   timeout  Controla por quanto tempo o cliente pode ficar fora antes que a sessão seja recuperada (valor em segundos).    A propriedade do sistema selenium.server.session.timeout não é mais compatível a partir da versão 2.21.\nObserve que o browserTimeout destina-se a ser um mecanismo de timeout de backup quando o mecanismo de timeout comum falha, e deve ser usado principalmente em ambientes de Grid / servidor para garantir que processos travados / perdidos não permaneçam por muito tempo poluindo o ambiente de execução.\nConfigurando o servidor programaticamente Em teoria, o processo é tão simples quanto mapear o DriverServlet para uma URL, mas também é possível hospedar a página em um formato leve de container, como Jetty, configurado inteiramente em código.\n Baixe o selenium-server.zip e descompacte. Coloque os JARs no CLASSPATH. Crie uma nova classe chamada AppServer. Aqui, estamos usando Jetty, então você precisará baixar isso também:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver O WebDriver manipula um navegador nativamente, como um usuário faria, seja localmente ou em uma máquina remota usando o servidor Selenium, marca um salto em termos de automação do navegador.\nSelenium WebDriver refere-se a ambas as ligações de linguagem e as implementações do código de controle do navegador individual. Isso é comumente referido como apenas WebDriver.\nSelenium WebDriver é uma recomendação W3C\n  WebDriver é projetado como uma interface de programação simples e mais concisa.\n  WebDriver é uma API compacta orientada a objetos.\n  Ele manipula o navegador de forma eficaz.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver fornece uma API para trabalhar com os três tipos nativos de mensagens pop-up oferecidas pelo JavaScript. Esses pop-ups são estilizados pelo navegador e oferecem personalização limitada.\nAlertas O mais simples deles é referido como um alerta, que mostra um mensagem personalizada e um único botão que dispensa o alerta, rotulado na maioria dos navegadores como OK. Ele também pode ser dispensado na maioria dos navegadores pressionando o botão Fechar, mas isso sempre fará a mesma coisa que o botão OK. Veja um exemplo de alerta .\nO WebDriver pode obter o texto do pop-up e aceitar ou dispensar esses alertas.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirmação Uma caixa de confirmação é semelhante a um alerta, exceto que o usuário também pode escolher cancelar a mensagem. Veja uma amostra de confirmação .\nEste exemplo também mostra uma abordagem diferente para armazenar um alerta:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt Os prompts são semelhantes às caixas de confirmação, exceto que também incluem um texto de entrada. Semelhante a trabalhar com elementos de formulário, você pode usar o sendKeys do WebDriver para preencher uma resposta. Isso substituirá completamente o espaço de texto de exemplo. Pressionar o botão Cancelar não enviará nenhum texto. Veja um exemplo de prompt .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"Evite compartilhamento de estado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Embora mencionado em vários lugares, vale a pena mencionar novamente. Garanta que os testes são isolados uns dos outros.\n  Não compartilhe dados de teste. Imagine vários testes em que cada um consulta o banco de dados para pedidos válidos antes de escolher um para executar uma ação. Caso dois testes peguem a mesma ordem, provavelmente você obterá um comportamento inesperado.\n  Limpe dados desatualizados no aplicativo que podem ser obtidos por outro teste, por exemplo registros de pedidos inválidos.\n  Crie uma nova instância do WebDriver por teste. Isso ajuda a garantir o isolamento do teste e torna a paralelização mais simples.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"Teste de performance/desempenho","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Teste de desempenho usando Selenium e WebDriver geralmente não é recomendado. Não porque é incapaz, mas porque não é otimizado para o trabalho e é improvável que você obtenha bons resultados.\nPode parecer ideal para teste de desempenho no contexto do usuário, mas um conjunto de testes WebDriver estão sujeitos a muitos pontos de fragilidade externa e interna que estão além do seu controle; por exemplo, velocidade de inicialização do navegador, velocidade dos servidores HTTP, resposta de servidores de terceiros que hospedam JavaScript ou CSS, e a penalidade de instrumentação da própria implementação do WebDriver. A variação nesses pontos causará variação em seus resultados. É difícil separar a diferença entre o desempenho do seu site e o desempenho de recursos externos, e também é difícil dizer qual é a penalidade de desempenho para usar WebDriver no navegador, especialmente se você estiver injetando scripts.\nA outra atração potencial é \u0026ldquo;economizar tempo\u0026rdquo; - execução de testes funcionais e de desempenho ao mesmo tempo. No entanto, os testes funcionais e de desempenho têm objetivos opostos. Para testar a funcionalidade, um testador pode precisar ser paciente e aguarde o carregamento, mas isso irá turvar os resultados do teste de desempenho e vice-versa.\nPara melhorar o desempenho do seu site, você precisará ser capaz de analisar o desempenho geral independente das diferenças de ambiente, identificar práticas de código ruins, repartição do desempenho de recursos individuais (ou seja, CSS ou JavaScript), para saber o que melhorar. Existem ferramentas de teste de desempenho disponíveis que podem fazer este trabalho, que fornecem relatórios e análises, e podem até fazer sugestões de melhorias.\nPacotes de exemplo (código aberto) a serem usados ​​são: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"Trabalhando com cookies","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um cookie é um pequeno pedaço de dado enviado de um site e armazenado no seu computador. Os cookies são usados principalmente para reconhecer o usuário e carregar as informações armazenadas.\nA API WebDriver fornece uma maneira de interagir com cookies com métodos integrados:\nAdd Cookie É usado para adicionar um cookie ao contexto de navegação atual. Add Cookie aceita apenas um conjunto de objetos JSON serializáveis definidos. Aqui  é o link para a lista de valores-chave JSON aceitos.\nEm primeiro lugar, você precisa estar no domínio para qual o cookie será valido. Se você está tentando predefinir cookies antes de começar a interagir com um site e sua página inicial é grande / demora um pouco para carregar uma alternativa é encontrar uma página menor no site (normalmente a página 404 é pequena, por exemplo http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Named Cookie Retorna os dados do cookie serializado correspondentes ao nome do cookie entre todos os cookies associados.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get All Cookies Retorna \u0026lsquo;dados de cookie serializados com sucesso\u0026rsquo; para o contexto de navegação atual. Se o navegador não estiver mais disponível, ele retornará um erro.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete Cookie Exclui os dados do cookie que correspondem ao nome do cookie fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Delete All Cookies Exclui todos os cookies do contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie Attribute Permite que um usuário instrua os navegadores a controlar se os cookies são enviados junto com a solicitação iniciada por sites de terceiros. É usado para evitar ataques CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery).\nO atributo de cookie Same-Site aceita dois parâmetros como instruções\nStrict: Quando o atributo sameSite é definido como Strict, o cookie não será enviado junto com solicitações iniciadas por sites de terceiros.\nLax: Quando você define um atributo cookie sameSite como Lax, o cookie será enviado junto com uma solicitação GET iniciada por um site de terceiros.\nNota: a partir de agora, esse recurso está disponível no Chrome (versão 80+), Firefox (versão 79+) e funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver Remoto","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver Remoto Você pode usar o WebDriver remotamente da mesma forma que o usaria localmente. A principal diferença é que um WebDriver remoto precisa ser configurado para que possa executar seus testes em uma máquina separada.\nUm WebDriver remoto é composto por duas peças: um cliente e um servidor. O cliente é o seu teste WebDriver e o servidor é simplesmente um Servlet Java, que pode ser hospedado em qualquer servidor de aplicativo JEE moderno.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"Diretrizes e recomendações","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Diretrizes e recomendações Uma nota sobre \u0026ldquo;Melhores práticas\u0026rdquo;: evitamos intencionalmente a frase \u0026ldquo;Melhores Práticas\u0026rdquo; nesta documentação. Nenhuma abordagem funciona para todas as situações. Preferimos a ideia de \u0026ldquo;Diretrizes e Recomendações\u0026rdquo;. Nós encorajamos que você leia e decida cuidadosamente quais abordagens funcionarão para você em seu ambiente específico.\nO teste funcional é difícil de acertar por muitos motivos. Como se o estado, a complexidade e as dependências do aplicativo não tornassem o teste suficientemente difícil, lidar com navegadores (especialmente com incompatibilidades entre navegadores) torna a escrita de bons testes um desafio.\nSelenium fornece ferramentas para facilitar a interação funcional do usuário, mas não o ajuda a escrever suítes de teste bem arquitetadas. Neste capítulo, oferecemos conselhos, diretrizes e recomendações sobre como abordar a automação funcional de páginas da web.\nEste capítulo registra os padrões de design de software populares entre muitos dos usuários do Selenium que tiveram sucesso ao longo dos anos.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"Independência de Testes","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Escreva cada teste como sua própria unidade. Escreva os testes de uma forma que não seja dependente de outros testes para concluir:\nDigamos que existe um sistema de gerenciamento de conteúdo com o qual você pode criar algum conteúdo personalizado que então aparece em seu site como um módulo após publicação, e pode levar algum tempo para sincronizar entre o CMS e a aplicação.\nUma maneira errada de testar seu módulo é que o conteúdo seja criado e publicado em um teste e, em seguida, verificar o módulo em outro teste. Este teste não é viável, pois o conteúdo pode não estar disponível imediatamente para o outro teste após a publicação.\nEm vez disso, você pode criar um conteúdo stub que pode ser ligado e desligado dentro do teste e use-o para validar o módulo. Contudo, para a criação de conteúdo, você ainda pode ter um teste separado.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"Navegação por links","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Usar o WebDriver para navegar por links não é uma prática recomendada. Não porque não pode ser feito, mas porque WebDriver definitivamente não é a ferramenta ideal para isso. O WebDriver precisa de tempo para inicializar, e pode levar vários segundos, até um minuto dependendo de como seu teste é escrito, apenas para chegar à página e atravessar o DOM.\nEm vez de usar o WebDriver para isso, você poderia economizar muito tempo executando um comando curl, ou usando uma biblioteca como BeautifulSoup uma vez que esses métodos não dependem em criar um navegador e navegar para uma página. Você está economizando muito tempo por não usar o WebDriver para essa tarefa.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Proxies Http","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Um servidor proxy atua como intermediário para solicitações entre um cliente e um servidor. De forma simples, o tráfego flui através do servidor proxy a caminho do endereço que você solicitou e de volta.\nUm servidor proxy para scripts de automação com Selenium pode ser útil para:\n Capturar o tráfego da rede Simular chamadas de back-end feitas pelo site Acessar o site necessário em uma rede complexa topologias ou restrições / políticas corporativas estritas.  Se você estiver em um ambiente corporativo, e um navegador não consegue se conectar a um URL, isso é provavelmente porque o ambiente precisa de um proxy para ser acessado.\nO Selenium WebDriver fornece uma maneira de configurações de proxy:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # este código foi escrito com Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"Considere usar uma API fluente","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler cunhou o termo \u0026ldquo;API Fluent\u0026rdquo;. Selenium já implementa algo assim em sua classe FluentWait, que é pretende ser uma alternativa à classe padrão Wait. Você pode habilitar o padrão de design de API fluente em seu objeto de página e, em seguida, consulte a página de pesquisa do Google com um snippet de código como este:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); A classe de objeto da página do Google com este comportamento fluente pode ser assim:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // Se load() falhar, chama isLoaded() até que a página termine de carregar  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Inicializa WebElements na página  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"Estratégia de carregamento de página","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Define a estratégia de carregamento de página da sessão atual. Por padrão, quando o Selenium WebDriver carrega uma página, segue a normal pageLoadStrategy. É sempre recomendado parar de baixar outros recursos (como imagens, css, js) quando o carregamento da página leva muito tempo.\nA propriedade document.readyState de um documento descreve o estado de carregamento do documento atual. Por padrão, o WebDriver vai adiar a resposta a uma chamada para driver.get() (ou) driver.navigate().To() até que o estado de documento pronto seja completo\nEm aplicações SPA (como Angular, React, Ember) uma vez que o conteúdo dinâmico já está carregado (ou seja, quando o status de pageLoadStrategy for COMPLETE), clicar em um link ou realizar alguma ação na página não fará uma nova solicitação para o servidor, pois o conteúdo é carregado dinamicamente no lado do cliente sem uma atualização da página.\nOs aplicativos SPA podem carregar muitas visualizações dinamicamente sem quaisquer solicitações do servidor, então pageLoadStrategy sempre mostrará o status COMPLETO até fazemos um novo driver.get () e driver.navigate().To()\nWebDriver pageLoadStrategy suporta os seguintes valores:\nnormal Isso fará com que o Selenium WebDriver espere até que a página inteira seja carregada. Quando definido como normal, o Selenium WebDriver espera até que o disparo do evento load seja retornado.\nPor padrão, normal é definido como navegador se nenhum for fornecido.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager Isso fará com que o Selenium WebDriver espere até que o documento HTML inicial seja completamente carregado e analisado, e descarta o carregamento de CSS, imagens e subframes.\nQuando definido como eager, o Selenium WebDriver espera até que o disparo de evento DOMContentLoaded seja retornado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none Quando definido como none, o Selenium WebDriver apenas espera até que a página inicial seja baixada.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navegar para Url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/","title":"Piores práticas","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Piores práticas "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/","title":"Elemento Web","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement representa um elemento DOM. WebElements podem ser encontrados pesquisando na raiz do documento usando uma instância do WebDriver ou pesquisando em outro WebElement.\nWebDriver API fornece métodos integrados para encontrar WebElements que são baseados em diferentes propriedades, como ID, Nome, Classe, XPath, Seletores CSS, Texto do link, etc.\nEncontrar elemento É usado para encontrar um elemento e retorna a primeira referência WebElement única correspondente, que pode ser usado para ações futuras do elemento\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Encontrar elementos Semelhante a \u0026lsquo;Encontrar Elemento\u0026rsquo;, mas retorna uma lista de WebElements correspondentes. Para usar um determinado WebElement da lista, você precisa percorrer a lista de elementos para executar a ação no elemento selecionado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Encontrar Elemento a partir do Elemento É usado para localizar um elemento filho dentro do contexto do elemento pai. Para conseguir isso, o WebElement pai é encadeado com \u0026lsquo;findElement\u0026rsquo; para acessar os elementos filhos\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Encontrar Elementos a partir do Elemento É usado para localizar a lista de WebElements filhos correspondentes dentro do contexto do elemento pai. Para conseguir isso, o WebElement pai é encadeado com \u0026lsquo;findElements\u0026rsquo; para acessar os elementos filho\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Coletar elemento ativo É usado para rastrear (ou) localizar o elemento DOM que tem o foco no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Elemento está ativado Este método é usado para verificar se o elemento conectado está habilitado ou desabilitado em uma página da web. Retorna um valor booleano, True se o elemento conectado estiver ativado no contexto de navegação atual, caso contrário, retorna False.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Elemento está selecionado Este método determina se o elemento referenciado é Selected ou não. Este método é amplamente utilizado em caixas de seleção, botões de opção, elementos de entrada e elementos de opção.\nRetorna um valor booleano, true se o elemento referenciado for selected no contexto de navegação atual, caso contrário, retorna false.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Coletar TagName do elemento É usado para buscar o TagName do elemento referenciado que tem o foco no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Coletar retângulo do elemento É usado para buscar as dimensões e coordenadas do elemento referenciado.\nO corpo de dados buscado contém os seguintes detalhes:\n Posição do eixo X a partir do canto superior esquerdo do elemento posição do eixo y a partir do canto superior esquerdo do elemento Altura do elemento Largura do elemento  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     Coletar valor CSS do elemento Recupera o valor da propriedade de estilo computado especificada de um elemento no contexto de navegação atual.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     Coletar texto do elemento Recupera o texto renderizado do elemento especificado.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/","title":"Grid","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid Selenium Grid permite a execução de scripts WebDriver em máquinas remotas (virtuais ou reais) por meio de comandos de roteamento enviados pelo cliente para instâncias remotas do navegador. Seu objetivo é fornecer uma maneira fácil de executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas.\nSelenium Grid nos permite executar testes em paralelo em várias máquinas e gerenciar diferentes versões e configurações do navegador centralmente (em vez de em cada teste individual).\nA Selenium Grid não é uma bala de prata. Ela resolve um subconjunto de problemas comuns de delegação e distribuição, mas não irá, por exemplo, gerenciar sua infraestrutura, e pode não atender às suas necessidades específicas.\nObserve que a Grid 3 não é mais compatível e o projeto Selenium recomenda usar a Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"Navegador novo por teste","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Comece cada teste a partir de um estado limpo conhecido. Idealmente, ligue uma nova máquina virtual para cada teste. Se ligar uma nova máquina virtual não for prático, pelo menos inicie um novo WebDriver para cada teste. Para Firefox, inicie um WebDriver com seu perfil conhecido.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome Devtools","tags":[],"description":"","content":"As versões alfa do Selenium 4 têm aguardado suporte nativo para o protocolo Chrome DevTools por meio da interface \u0026ldquo;DevTools\u0026rdquo;. Isso nos ajuda a obter propriedades de desenvolvimento do Chrome, como cache de aplicativo, busca, rede, desempenho, criador de perfil, tempo de recurso, segurança e domínios de CDP de destino, etc.\nChrome DevTools é um conjunto de ferramentas de desenvolvedor da web integradas diretamente no navegador Google Chrome. DevTools pode ajudá-lo a editar páginas dinamicamente e diagnosticar problemas rapidamente, o que, em última análise, ajuda a criar sites melhores e mais rápidos.\nEmulando Geolocalização: Alguns aplicativos têm diferentes recursos e funcionalidades em diferentes locais. Automatizar esses aplicativos é difícil porque é difícil emular as localizações geográficas no navegador usando o Selenium. Mas com a ajuda de Devtools, podemos facilmente emulá-los. O trecho de código abaixo demonstra isso.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     Register Basic Auth: Some applications require to keep some pages behind an auth and most of the time to keep things simple, a developer uses Basic Auth. With Selenium and devtools integration, you can automate the input of basic auth credentials whenever they arise.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to DOM events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the DOM events and register callbacks to process the DOM event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     Listen to JS Exceptions on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     Listen to console.log events on a web page Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"Idiossincrasias do driver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Idiossincrasias do driver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Teclado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard representa um evento do teclado. As ações do teclado são executadas usando uma interface de baixo nível que nos permite fornecer entrada de dispositivo virtualizado para o navegador da web.\nsendKeys O sendKeys digita uma sequência de teclas no elemento DOM, mesmo se uma sequência de teclas modificadoras for encontrada. Aqui está a lista de possíveis teclas que WebDriver suporta.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Firefox()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r \rusing (var driver = new FirefoxDriver())\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = FirefoxDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyDown O keyDown é usado para simular a ação de pressionar uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER);\rActions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rAction keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build();\rkeydown.perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver);\rIAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build();\rkeydown.Perform();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return\r# Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;\r await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER);\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action\r driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page\r action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  keyUp O keyUp é usado para simular a liberação de uma tecla (ou) de uma tecla modificadora (CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;\rpublic class HelloSelenium {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\raction = webdriver.ActionChains(driver)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions;\rnamespace HelloSelenium\r{\rclass HelloSelenium\r{\rpublic static void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;);\rActions action = new Actions(driver);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform();\r}\rfinally {\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# Store google search box WebElement\r search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\r# Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store google search box WebElement\r let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.Keys\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rimport org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store google search box WebElement\r val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rval action = Actions(driver)\r// Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)\r action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  clear Limpa o conteúdo de um elemento editável. Isso é aplicado apenas para os elementos que são editáveis e interativos, caso contrário, o Selenium retorna o erro (invalid element state (ou) Element not interactable)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;\rpublic class clear {\rpublic static void main(String[] args) {\rWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear();\r} finally {\rdriver.quit();\r}\r}\r}\r \rfrom selenium import webdriver\rfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\rdriver = webdriver.Chrome()\r# Navigate to url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r# Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)\rSearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r# Clears the entered text\r SearchInput.clear()\r \rusing OpenQA.Selenium;\rusing OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;\rusing System;\rnamespace SnipetProjectDelete\r{\rclass Program\r{\rstatic void Main(string[] args)\r{\rIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\rtry\r{\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;));\rsearchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.Clear();\r}\rfinally\r{\rdriver.Quit();\r}\r}\r}\r}\r \rrequire \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;\rdriver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome\rbegin\r# Navigate to URL\r driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39;\r# store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element\r search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)\rsearch_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;)\r# Clears the entered text\r search_input.clear\rensure\rdriver.quit\rend\r \rconst {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;);\r(async function example() {\rlet driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build();\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;);\r// Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element\r let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;));\rawait searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;);\r// Clears the entered text\r await searchInput.clear();\r}\rfinally {\rawait driver.quit();\r}\r})();\r \rimport org.openqa.selenium.By\rimport org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver\rfun main() {\rval driver = ChromeDriver()\rtry {\r// Navigate to Url\r driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;)\r// Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element\r val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))\rsearchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;)\r// Clears the entered text\r searchInput.clear()\r} finally {\rdriver.quit()\r}\r}\r \r  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/","title":"Pacotes de suporte","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Pacotes de suporte "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/","title":"Legado","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legado Nesta seção você pode encontrar toda a documentação relacionada aos componentes legados do Selenium. Isso deve ser mantido puramente por razões históricas e não como um incentivo para o uso obsoleto componentes.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/","title":"Prefácio","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Prefácio "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/contributing/","title":"Contribuindo com o Site e Documentação do Selenium","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium é um grande projeto de software, seu site e documentação são fundamentais para entender como as coisas funcionam e aprender maneiras eficazes de explorar seu potencial.\nEste projeto contém o site e a documentação do Selenium. Isto é um esforço contínuo (não direcionado a nenhuma versão específica) para fornecer informações atualizadas sobre como usar o Selenium de forma eficaz, como se envolver e como contribuir para o Selenium.\nAs contribuições para o site e documentação seguem o processo descrito na seção abaixo sobre contribuições. Você deveria passar algum tempo familiarizando-se com a documentação lendo mais sobre isso.\n O projeto Selenium recebe contribuições de todos. Há um várias maneiras de ajudar:\nReportar um problema Ao relatar um novo problema ou comentar sobre problemas existentes, por favor certifique-se de que as discussões estão relacionadas a questões técnicas concretas sobre o software Selenium, seu site e/ou documentação.\nTodos os componentes do Selenium mudam bastante rápido ao longo do tempo, então este pode fazer com que a documentação fique desatualizada. Se você observar que este é o caso, como mencionado, não hesite em criar um problema para isso. Também pode ser possível que você saiba como atualizar a documentação, então, envie-nos um Pull Request com a alteração.\nSe você não tem certeza se o que encontrou é um problema ou não, pergunte através dos canais de comunicação descritos em https://selenium.dev/support.\nContribuições O projeto Selenium dá as boas-vindas a novos contribuidores. Indivíduos fazendo contribuições significativas e valiosas ao longo do tempo são transformados em Committers e recebem acesso de commit ao projeto.\nEste guia irá guiá-lo através do processo de contribuição.\nPasso 1: Fork Faça um fork do projeto no Github e faça checkout na sua cópia localmente.\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io Dependências: Hugo Usamos Hugo para construir e renderizar o site e documentação. Para verificar tudo localmente antes mesmo de fazer qualquer alteração, por favor instale Hugo, familiarize-se com ele e execute o servidor local para renderizar o site localmente (instruções detalhadas podem ser encontradas no próximos passos).\nPasso 2: Branch Crie uma branch e comece a hackear:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch Praticamos o desenvolvimento baseado em HEAD, o que significa que todas as mudanças são aplicadas diretamente no topo do trunk.\nPasso 3: Faça mudanças O repositório contém o site e documentação, que são dois projetos Hugo separados. Se você quiser fazer alterações no site, trabalhe no diretório site_source_files. Para ver uma prévia ao vivo de suas alterações, execute hugo server no diretório raiz do site.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server Para fazer alterações na documentação, vá para o diretório docs_source_files.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server A documentação é traduzida para vários idiomas e as traduções são baseadas no conteúdo em inglês. Ao alterar um arquivo, certifique-se de realizar a mudanças em todos os outros arquivos traduzidos também. Isso pode ser diferente dependendo sobre a mudança, por exemplo:\n Se você adicionar um exemplo de código ao arquivo browser_manipulation.en.md, também adicione-o a browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md, e todos os outros arquivos traduzidos. Se você encontrar uma tradução que possa ser melhorada, altere apenas o arquivo traduzido. Se você estiver adicionando uma nova tradução de idioma, adicione os novos arquivos com o sufixo apropriado. Não há necessidade de traduzir tudo para enviar um PR, pode ser feito iterativamente. Não se esqueça de verificar algumas configurações necessárias de valores no arquivo config.toml. Se você fizer alterações de texto na versão em inglês, substitua a mesma seção em os arquivos traduzidos com sua alteração (sim, em inglês), e adicione o seguinte observe na parte superior do arquivo.  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} Passo 4: Commit Primeiro, certifique-se de que o git saiba seu nome e endereço de e-mail:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; Escrever boas mensagens de commit é importante. Uma mensagem de confirmação deve descrever o que mudou, por que e conter referência de problemas corrigidos (se houver). Siga estas diretrizes ao escrever um:\n A primeira linha deve ter cerca de 50 caracteres ou menos e conter uma breve da descrição da mudança. Mantenha a segunda linha em branco. Quebra todas as outras linhas em 72 colunas. Incluir Fixes # N, onde N é o número do problema que o commit corrige se houver.  Uma boa mensagem de confirmação pode ter a seguinte aparência:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 A primeira linha deve ser significativa, pois é o que as pessoas veem quando executam git shortlog ou git log --oneline.\nPasso 5: Rebase Use git rebase (não git merge) para sincronizar seu trabalho de tempos em tempos.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk Passo 6: Teste Lembre-se sempre de executar o servidor local, com isso, você pode ter certeza de que suas alterações não prejudicaram nada.\nPasso 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch Acesse https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git e clique em Pull Request e preencha o formulário. Por favor indique que você assinou o CLA (consulte a Etapa 7).\nOs Pull Requests geralmente são revisados em alguns dias. Se houver comentários a abordar, aplique suas alterações em novos commits (de preferência fixups) e envie para a mesma branch.\nPasso 8: Integração Quando a revisão do código for concluída, um committer integrará seu PR no branch de tronco do repositório. Porque gostamos de manter um histórico linear no trunk, nós normalmente iremos dar Squash \u0026amp; Rebase no histórico da sua branch.\nComunicação Todos os detalhes sobre como se comunicar com os colaboradores do projeto e a comunidade em geral podem ser encontrados em https://selenium.dev/support\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/","title":"O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores","tags":[],"description":"","content":"O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores Selenium é um projeto que abrange uma variedade de ferramentas e bibliotecas que permitem e suportam a automação de navegadores da web.\nEle fornece extensões para emular a interação do usuário com os navegadores, um servidor de distribuição para escalonar a alocação do navegador, e a infraestrutura para implementações da Especificação W3C WebDriver que permite escrever código intercambiável para todos os principais navegadores da web.\nEste projeto é possível graças a colaboradores voluntários que dedicam milhares de horas de seu próprio tempo, e disponibilizaram o código-fonte disponível gratuitamente para qualquer um usar, aproveitar e melhorar.\nSelenium reúne criadores de navegadores, engenheiros e entusiastas para promover uma discussão aberta sobre a automação da plataforma da web. O projeto organiza uma conferência anual para ensinar e nutrir a comunidade.\nNo núcleo do Selenium está WebDriver, uma interface para escrever conjuntos de instruções que podem ser executados alternadamente em muitos navegadores. Aqui está uma das instruções mais simples que você pode fazer:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #Este exemplo requer o Selenium WebDriver 3.13 ou mais novo with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(driver =\u0026gt;driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Veja o Tour rápido para uma explicação completa do que acontece nos bastidores quando você executa este código. Você deve continuar para a documentação narrativa para entender como você pode instalar e usar o Selenium como uma ferramenta de automação de teste com sucesso, e escalar testes simples como este para executar em ambientes grandes e distribuídos em vários navegadores, em vários sistemas operacionais diferentes.\nIntrodução Se você é um usuário novo de Selenium, temos alguns recursos que podem te ajudar a agilizar o seu aprendizado.\n Tour rápido  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""}]
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index 5f1070df754e..a8a71c13eba8 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Sobre esta documentação :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 certifique-se de adicionar sua contribuição!
 Podemos atualizar essa documentação,
 mas é muito mais fácil para todos quando recebemos contribuições
-de fora dos committers normais.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“Sobre esta documentação”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de teste"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/ title="Instalação do Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+de fora dos committers normais.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“Sobre esta documentação”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de teste"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/ title="Instalação do Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/index.html
index abcf2ecde72d..eefc188bb97f 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/index.html
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+e suportam a automação de navegadores da web.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>“Introdução”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -438,5 +438,5 @@
 A curto prazo, o teste manual pode ser mais eficaz.
 Se um aplicativo tem um prazo muito curto, atualmente não há
 automação de teste disponível, e é imperativo que o teste seja feito dentro
-nesse período, o teste manual é a melhor solução.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Sobre automação de testes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de teste" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+nesse período, o teste manual é a melhor solução.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/>“Sobre automação de testes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/ title="Tipos de teste" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
index 4aeb93194e80..ff9977bf3e83 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -158,5 +158,5 @@
 e pedindo a eles que assumam a responsabilidade pelas implementações de back-end voltadas para o navegador.
 Recentemente, este trabalho evoluiu para um processo de padronização W3C
 onde o objetivo é transformar o componente WebDriver no Selenium
-na biblioteca de controle remoto <em>du jour</em> para agentes do usuário.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“O projeto Selenium e ferramentas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automação de testes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
@@ -140,5 +140,5 @@
 como <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> ou <strong><em>SpecFlow</em></strong>.</p><p>Um conjunto de ferramentas é construído em cima do Selenium para tornar este processo
 ainda mais rápido, transformando diretamente as especificações BDD em
 código executável.
-Alguns deles são <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara e Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Tipos de teste”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automação de testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Sobre esta documentação" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Alguns deles são <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara e Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/types_of_testing/>“Tipos de teste”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/on_test_automation/ title="Sobre automação de testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Sobre esta documentação" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239579></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239579></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239579></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index c46af5a6cbbf..d7a1d8b7134d 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>HTML runner :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239579 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239579></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -146,5 +146,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando do RC para WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Selenium IDE Legado" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando do RC para WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Selenium IDE Legado" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239579></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/index.html
index 3931fcab26c4..172d4944944a 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/index.html
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 Isso deve ser mantido puramente por razões históricas e não como um incentivo para o uso obsoleto
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+componentes.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/>“Legado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index 27b491a42e4e..7494749d5506 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239579></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239579></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -188,5 +188,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>Observe como a variável &ldquo;element&rdquo; passada aparece como o primeiro item
 na array de &ldquo;arguments&rdquo; padrão do JS.</p><h3 id=a-execução-de-javascript-não-retorna-nada>A execução de Javascript não retorna nada</h3><p>O JavascriptExecutor do WebDriver envolverá todo o JS e o avaliará como uma expressão anônima. Isso significa que você precisa usar a palavra-chave &ldquo;return&rdquo;:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>se torna:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrando do RC para WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“Migrando do RC para WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index 759f4d83b5b5..9356cb40fbad 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
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+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“Servidor do WebDriver remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Selenium IDE Legado"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/front_matter/ title=Prefácio style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index a9463e598511..8751f8dab654 100644
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
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@@ -824,5 +824,5 @@
 Certifique-se de ter especificado o nome do caminho adequado para o arquivo de extensões via
 <strong>Options => Options => General</strong> no campo <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>.
 Além disso, a Selenium-IDE deve ser reiniciada após qualquer alteração em um
-arquivo de extensões <em>ou</em> no conteúdo do campo <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Selenium IDE Legado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title="Servidor do WebDriver remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
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--- a/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -983,5 +983,5 @@
 você pode facilmente codificar seu teste para detectar a situação e tentar o localizador alternativo
 que só funciona no IE.</p><h3 id=erro-encontrado---cannot-convert-object-to-primitive-value-no-delsigamento-do-navegador-googlechrome>Erro encontrado - &ldquo;Cannot convert object to primitive value&rdquo; no delsigamento do navegador *googlechrome</h3><p>Para evitar esse erro, você deve iniciar o navegador com uma opção que desativa as verificações da política de mesma origem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=erro-encontrado-no-ie---couldnt-open-app-window-is-the-pop-up-blocker-enabled>Erro encontrado no IE - &ldquo;Couldn&rsquo;t open app window; is the pop-up blocker enabled?&rdquo;</h3><p>Para evitar esse erro, você deve configurar o navegador: desative o bloqueador de pop-ups
-e desmarque a opção &lsquo;Ativar modo protegido&rsquo; em Ferramentas &#187; Opções &#187; Segurança.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>O proxy é uma terceira pessoa no meio que passa a bola entre as duas partes. Ele atua como um &ldquo;servidor da web&rdquo; que entrega a aplicação ao navegador. Ser um proxy dá ao Selenium Server a capacidade de &ldquo;mentir&rdquo; sobre a URL real da aplicação. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>O navegador é iniciado com um perfil de configuração que definiu localhost:4444 como o proxy HTTP, é por isso que qualquer solicitação HTTP que o navegador fizer passará pelo servidor Selenium e a resposta passará por ele e não pelo servidor real. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/ title=Legado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando do RC para WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e desmarque a opção &lsquo;Ativar modo protegido&rsquo; em Ferramentas &#187; Opções &#187; Segurança.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>O proxy é uma terceira pessoa no meio que passa a bola entre as duas partes. Ele atua como um &ldquo;servidor da web&rdquo; que entrega a aplicação ao navegador. Ser um proxy dá ao Selenium Server a capacidade de &ldquo;mentir&rdquo; sobre a URL real da aplicação. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>O navegador é iniciado com um perfil de configuração que definiu localhost:4444 como o proxy HTTP, é por isso que qualquer solicitação HTTP que o navegador fizer passará pelo servidor Selenium e a resposta passará por ele e não pelo servidor real. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/ title=Legado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title="Migrando do RC para WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/index.html
index fa8dce6ca2ab..a2087745a83c 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver Remoto :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/remote_webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 localmente. A principal diferença é que um WebDriver remoto precisa ser
 configurado para que possa executar seus testes em uma máquina separada.</p><p>Um WebDriver remoto é composto por duas peças: um cliente e um
 servidor. O cliente é o seu teste WebDriver e o servidor é simplesmente um
-Servlet Java, que pode ser hospedado em qualquer servidor de aplicativo JEE moderno.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/>“WebDriver Remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Cliente do WebDriver remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Servlet Java, que pode ser hospedado em qualquer servidor de aplicativo JEE moderno.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/>“WebDriver Remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title="Cliente do WebDriver remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 3cfb5ef5d05b..1819ee0f4820 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -378,5 +378,5 @@
 driver<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>quit<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
 
 </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>Please refer to <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>Tracing Setup</a> for more information on external dependencies versions required for the desired Selenium version.</p><p>More information can be found at:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>Configuring OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Cliente do WebDriver remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver Remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Diretrizes e recomendações" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid Observability</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“Cliente do WebDriver remoto”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver Remoto"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title="Diretrizes e recomendações" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Instalação do Selenium :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/_index.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > Instalação do Selenium</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=instalação-do-selenium>Instalação do Selenium</h1><p>A configuração do Selenium é bastante diferente da configuração de outras ferramentas comerciais.
 Para usar Selenium em seu projeto de automação, você precisa instalar as
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-binários WebDriver para os navegadores que você deseja automatizar e executar testes.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/>“Instalação do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Sobre esta documentação"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+binários WebDriver para os navegadores que você deseja automatizar e executar testes.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/>“Instalação do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title="Sobre esta documentação"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231148></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231148></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -119,5 +119,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para Ruby pode ser feita usando gem:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>A instalação de bibliotecas Selenium para JavaScript pode ser feita usando npm:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Devido à ausência de vínculos de linguagem nativo para Kotlin, você deve usar vínculos Java, por exemplo, com Maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/ title="Instalação do Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando binários do WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><h2 id=_kotlin_><em>Kotlin</em></h2><p>Devido à ausência de vínculos de linguagem nativo para Kotlin, você deve usar vínculos Java, por exemplo, com Maven <a href=#java>Java</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“Instalando bibliotecas do Selenium”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/ title="Instalação do Selenium"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando binários do WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index 9cb42890e665..c146b37feba1 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Instalando o servidor Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando binários do WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Começando com o WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“Instalando o servidor Standalone”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="Instalando binários do WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="Começando com o WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
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--- a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -489,5 +489,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabalhando com cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/ title=Legado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231148></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231148></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231148></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231148 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231148></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome Devtools”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabalhando com cookies"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/legacy_docs/ title=Legado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/index.html
index e7efdf3ff9d0..939581ee4639 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/support_packages/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/>中文简体</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/support_packages/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/support_packages/_index.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > Pacotes de suporte</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=pacotes-de-suporte>Pacotes de suporte</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/>“Pacotes de suporte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title="Recursos específicos do Driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabalhando com cores" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index 85ad2c95ee5a..8e495b8a80cb 100644
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -1194,5 +1194,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Ações do mouse em detalhe”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabalhando com elementos select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabalhando com cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“Ações do mouse em detalhe”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabalhando com elementos select"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title="Trabalhando com cookies" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 6ed0de0deed6..727f06305e0f 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabalhando com cores :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -324,5 +324,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>As cores não são mais um problema.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Trabalhando com cores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/ title="Pacotes de suporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabalhando com elementos select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>As cores não são mais um problema.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“Trabalhando com cores”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/ title="Pacotes de suporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title="Trabalhando com elementos select" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index ff48a9eb31cf..3769ad4ea92c 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabalhando com cookies :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Trabalhando com cookies :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -802,5 +802,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Trabalhando com cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Ações do mouse em detalhe"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“Trabalhando com cookies”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Ações do mouse em detalhe"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title="Chrome Devtools" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index d89ca4e129ad..0a573e9ca0e1 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 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@@ -392,5 +392,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Trabalhando com elementos select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabalhando com cores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Ações do mouse em detalhe" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“Trabalhando com elementos select”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title="Trabalhando com cores"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title="Ações do mouse em detalhe" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/tags/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/tags/index.html
index fab4b6a5145d..321befdba6f1 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -87,5 +87,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/tags/>Français</option>
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-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index dd396f8dd303..cccb9fc84cf6 100644
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver Bidi APIs :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -196,5 +196,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulação do Browser"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulação do Browser"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index 81f90528b761..5acf3fa29917 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -1436,5 +1436,5 @@
   
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode28 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
     <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulação do Browser”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“Manipulação do Browser”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index e4f7c085370d..2dd3e40f4580 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Requerimentos do driver :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -618,5 +618,5 @@
 <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>desde 5 de agosto de 2017</a>,
 portanto, embora a web continue a mudar, o PhantomJS não será atualizado.
 Isso foi depois que o Google anunciou a capacidade de executar o Chrome sem cabeçalho,
-algo também agora oferecido pelo Firefox da Mozilla.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Requerimentos do driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendendo os componentes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+algo também agora oferecido pelo Firefox da Mozilla.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“Requerimentos do driver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendendo os componentes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/ title="Localizando elementos" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index d6e4a11ea208..1033e3603f92 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Proxies Http :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -205,5 +205,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxies Http”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estratégia de carregamento de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Proxies Http”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estratégia de carregamento de página" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/index.html
index 429a6c8cfdbb..121ff7b05094 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 marca um salto em termos de automação do navegador.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver refere-se a ambas as ligações de linguagem
 e as implementações do código de controle do navegador individual.
 Isso é comumente referido como apenas <em>WebDriver</em>.</p><p>Selenium WebDriver é uma <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>recomendação W3C</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver é projetado como uma interface de programação simples
-e mais concisa.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver é uma API compacta orientada a objetos.</p></li><li><p>Ele manipula o navegador de forma eficaz.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Drivers e plugins de terceiros"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendendo os componentes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e mais concisa.</p></li><li><p>WebDriver é uma API compacta orientada a objetos.</p></li><li><p>Ele manipula o navegador de forma eficaz.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title="Drivers e plugins de terceiros"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title="Entendendo os componentes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index aa8958141ff2..9e6ead235504 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -386,5 +386,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de suporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de suporte"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index b62cfcfb70ac..fe96736b49d6 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Teclado :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239580></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -579,5 +579,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/>“Teclado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento Web"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver Remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/>“Teclado”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento Web"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/remote_webdriver/ title="WebDriver Remoto" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index d090d395fab9..d19ed4c7c6ce 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 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@@ -450,5 +450,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localizando elementos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimentos do driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulação do Browser" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/locating_elements/>“Localizando elementos”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimentos do driver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title="Manipulação do Browser" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index e8b8f83d192c..e618085c3620 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Estratégia de carregamento de página :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link 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id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -402,5 +402,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Estratégia de carregamento de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento Web" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“Estratégia de carregamento de página”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Proxies Http"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/ title="Elemento Web" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index 4f2fbfd6cd59..aee807eb250a 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231149></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Classes de suporte :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -117,5 +117,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>Conforme visto no exemplo:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> será criado no tópico principal</li><li>Usamos Java <code>Runnable</code> para ativar um novo processo e uma nova <code>Thread</code> para executar o processo</li><li>Ambas as <code>Thread</code>s entrarão em conflito porque a thread principal não tem <code>protectedDriver</code> em sua memória.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lançará uma exceção.</li></ul><h4 id=nota>Nota:</h4><p>Isso não substitui a necessidade de usar <code>ThreadLocal</code> para gerenciar drivers durante a execução em paralelo.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/>“Classes de suporte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>Conforme visto no exemplo:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> será criado no tópico principal</li><li>Usamos Java <code>Runnable</code> para ativar um novo processo e uma nova <code>Thread</code> para executar o processo</li><li>Ambas as <code>Thread</code>s entrarão em conflito porque a thread principal não tem <code>protectedDriver</code> em sua memória.</li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> lançará uma exceção.</li></ul><h4 id=nota>Nota:</h4><p>Isso não substitui a necessidade de usar <code>ThreadLocal</code> para gerenciar drivers durante a execução em paralelo.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/>“Classes de suporte”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/ title=Esperas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="Alertas, prompts e confirmações JavaScript" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index 188fa65d1c62..d3a3838f91c1 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
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@@ -119,5 +119,5 @@
 para Java, RSpec para Ruby, etc.</p><p>O framework de teste é responsável por rodar e executar seu WebDriver
 e etapas relacionadas em seus testes. Como tal, você pode pensar nele parecendo a imagem seguinte.</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?Width=400px" alt="Estrutura de teste"></p><p>Frameworks/ferramentas de linguagem natural, como Cucumber, podem existir como parte desse
 framework de teste na figura acima, ou eles podem envolver o framework de teste
-inteiramente em sua própria implementação.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Entendendo os componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimentos do driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+inteiramente em sua própria implementação.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“Entendendo os componentes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title="Requerimentos do driver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/index.html
index c9bb6ae614fd..9eac96371d85 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Esperas :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -527,5 +527,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/>“Esperas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de suporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/waits/>“Esperas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/support_classes/ title="Classes de suporte" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index e91fde168712..74bd2128f115 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Elemento Web :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=Search...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -962,5 +962,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/>“Elemento Web”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estratégia de carregamento de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/web_element/>“Elemento Web”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title="Estratégia de carregamento de página"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Teclado style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index 0ce3604fd6ed..0fcbb835a887 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Captchas :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Captchas :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>Clear History</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.pt-br.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/>O Projeto Selenium de Automação de Navegadores</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/>Piores práticas</a> > Captchas</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Captchas</h1><p>CAPTCHA, abreviação de <em>Completely Automated Public Turing test
 to tell Computers and Humans Apart</em>,
 foi projetado explicitamente para impedir a automação, portanto, não tente!
-Existem duas estratégias principais para contornar as verificações CAPTCHA:</p><ul><li>Desative CAPTCHAs em seu ambiente de teste</li><li>Adicione um hook para permitir que os testes ignorem o CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Downloads de arquivo" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Existem duas estratégias principais para contornar as verificações CAPTCHA:</p><ul><li>Desative CAPTCHAs em seu ambiente de teste</li><li>Adicione um hook para permitir que os testes ignorem o CAPTCHA</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/>“Captchas”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title="Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Downloads de arquivo" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 Em vez disso, encontre o link usando Selenium
 (e todos os cookies necessários)
 e passe este cookie para uma biblioteca de solicitação HTTP como
-<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>O <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>driver HtmlUnit</a> pode baixar anexos acessando-os como fluxos de entrada, implementando o <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a>. O AttachmentHandler pode ser adicionado ao WebClient <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Downloads de arquivo”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respostas HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//curl.haxx.se/libcurl/>libcurl</a>.</p><p>O <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/htmlunit-driver>driver HtmlUnit</a> pode baixar anexos acessando-os como fluxos de entrada, implementando o <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a>. O AttachmentHandler pode ser adicionado ao WebClient <a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“Downloads de arquivo”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respostas HTTP" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index a171bfa3d0fc..69770b732cc4 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Login via Gmail, email e Facebook :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -107,5 +107,5 @@
 <a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>em conformidade com W3C</a>
 também anotam o objeto <code>navigator</code>
 com uma propriedade <code>WebDriver</code>
-para que os ataques de negação de serviço possam ser mitigados.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Login via Gmail, email e Facebook”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respostas HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependência entre testes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+para que os ataques de negação de serviço possam ser mitigados.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Login via Gmail, email e Facebook”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title="Códigos de respostas HTTP"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependência entre testes" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 6022c8e71f2a..2bd888690af0 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231149></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231149></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
+<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Códigos de respostas HTTP :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239580 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -127,5 +127,5 @@
 Além disso, nem todo navegador
 torna os códigos de resposta disponíveis para WebDriver,
 então optar por usar um proxy
-permite que você tenha uma solução que funciona para todos os navegadores.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Códigos de respostas HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Downloads de arquivo"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Login via Gmail, email e Facebook" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+permite que você tenha uma solução que funciona para todos os navegadores.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“Códigos de respostas HTTP”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title="Downloads de arquivo"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Login via Gmail, email e Facebook" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/index.html
index e94f06d886ae..f20af7d6e21e 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
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--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 ou usando uma biblioteca como BeautifulSoup
 uma vez que esses métodos não dependem
 em criar um navegador e navegar para uma página.
-Você está economizando muito tempo por não usar o WebDriver para essa tarefa.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Navegação por links”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Teste de performance/desempenho"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Você está economizando muito tempo por não usar o WebDriver para essa tarefa.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“Navegação por links”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Teste de performance/desempenho"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/grid/ title=Grid style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 091422f9fb50..ca207e58c61a 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 Existem ferramentas de teste de desempenho disponíveis
 que podem fazer este trabalho,
 que fornecem relatórios e análises,
-e podem até fazer sugestões de melhorias.</p><p>Pacotes de exemplo (código aberto) a serem usados ​​são: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Teste de performance/desempenho”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependência entre testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Navegação por links" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+e podem até fazer sugestões de melhorias.</p><p>Pacotes de exemplo (código aberto) a serem usados ​​são: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“Teste de performance/desempenho”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title="Dependência entre testes"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title="Navegação por links" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index 62eefdbde066..6fef60c9a6a0 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=pt-br class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Dependência entre testes :: Documentação do Selenium</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231149 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 ordem de testes específica. Seus testes devem ser executados em <strong>qualquer</strong> ordem,
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+e não depender da conclusão de outros testes para ter sucesso.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/test_dependency/>“Dependência entre testes”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Login via Gmail, email e Facebook"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title="Teste de performance/desempenho" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 73c3f8fc341b..b8843775a4f0 100644
--- a/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
+++ b/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239580></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/pt-br";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239580></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/ title=Começando class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/>Começando
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/getting_started/quick/ title="Tour rápido" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/getting_started/quick/>Tour rápido
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/ title=Introdução class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/>Introdução
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="O projeto Selenium e ferramentas" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>O projeto Selenium e ferramentas
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 para automatizar este processo. Mas essa será outra camada em cima de nossos
 testes Selenium e não protegidos também. Portanto, você pode evitar a automação do 2FA.</p><p>Existem algumas opções para contornar as verificações 2FA:</p><ul><li>Desative 2FA para determinados usuários no ambiente de teste, para que você possa
 usar essas credenciais de usuário na automação.</li><li>Desative 2FA em seu ambiente de teste.</li><li>Desative 2FA se você fizer o login de determinados IPs. Dessa forma, podemos configurar nosso
-teste os IPs da máquina para evitar isso.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/ title="Piores práticas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231149></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231149></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231149></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231149 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231149></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+teste os IPs da máquina para evitar isso.</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“Autenticação de Dois Fatores (2FA)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/ title="Piores práticas"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/worst_practices/captchas/ title=Captchas style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239580></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239580></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239580></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239580 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239580></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/sitemap.xml b/documentation/sitemap.xml
index 61a810adbc3e..80e6f1cb92f6 100644
--- a/documentation/sitemap.xml
+++ b/documentation/sitemap.xml
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T11:55:27+05:30</lastmod></sitemap></sitemapindex>
\ No newline at end of file
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><sitemapindex xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9"><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/de/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/pt-br/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/es/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/nl/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap><sitemap><loc>https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/sitemap.xml</loc><lastmod>2021-08-06T10:45:49+02:00</lastmod></sitemap></sitemapindex>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/404.html b/documentation/zh-cn/404.html
index 3873bf5ccde4..1997ae057ece 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/404.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/404.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>错误</h1><p></p><p>哎哟。 看起来这个页面不存在 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯。</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn>转到主页</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>404 Page not found</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}p,li,ul{text-align:center}ul{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body data-url=/><section id=body style=margin-left:0><div id=overlay></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1>错误</h1><p></p><p>哎哟。 看起来这个页面不存在 ¯\_(ツ)_/¯。</p><p></p><p><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn>转到主页</a></p><p><img src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/gopher-404.jpg style=width:50% alt="Page not found!"></p></div></div></section></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/categories/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/categories/index.html
index d04967d79d9f..f108aa66f22c 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/categories/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/categories/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Categories :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/index.html
index 9fb9c278da0c..68c6ead89263 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -159,5 +159,5 @@
 然后推push到同一分支.</p><h3 id=步骤-8-集成>步骤 8: 集成</h3><p>代码审查完成后, 提交者将获取您的PR并将其集成到项目的trunk分支中.
 因为我们希望在trunk分支上保持线性历史记录,
 所以我们通常会squash并rebase您的分支历史记录.</p><h2 id=沟通>沟通</h2><p>有关如何与项目贡献者和整个社区进行沟通的所有详细信息,
-请访问以下网址 <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/>“为 Selenium 文档做贡献”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+请访问以下网址 <a href=https://selenium.dev/support>https://selenium.dev/support</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/>“为 Selenium 文档做贡献”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
index bbda440c1e4b..bb7b411e188a 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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@@ -662,5 +662,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“驱动特定的功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共享的功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/ title=支持的包 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/>“驱动特定的功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/ title=共享的功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/ title=支持的包 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
index a56311a776d7..ba9cd0957437 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/ selected>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -130,5 +130,5 @@
 可能与浏览器设置的值不匹配.</p><h2 id=strictfileinteractability>strictFileInteractability</h2><p>新功能用于是否对 <em>类型为文件的输入(input type=file)</em> 元素进行严格的交互性检查.
 默认关闭严格性检查,
 在将 <em>元素的Send Keys</em> 方法作用于隐藏的文件上传时,
-会有控制方面的行为区别.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“共享的功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=驱动特性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title=驱动特定的功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+会有控制方面的行为区别.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/>“共享的功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=驱动特性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/ title=驱动特定的功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
index 894a1d493ea3..605951dd34e5 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@
 <label><a href=https://github.com/selenium-ci>@selenium-ci</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>323 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5992658?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/diemol>@diemol</a></label>
-<span class=contributions>318 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
+<span class=contributions>320 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3264250?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/alaahong>@alaahong</a></label>
 <span class=contributions>64 commits</span></div><div style=padding:10px><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/10259016?v=4" class=inline width=100 height=100 style=height:100px;height:100px;margin-bottom:.25em;vertical-align:middle>
 <label><a href=https://github.com/boris779>@boris779</a></label>
@@ -1283,5 +1283,5 @@
    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“版权和归属”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/ title=版权页><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title=排版协议 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/>“版权和归属”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/ title=版权页><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/ title=排版协议 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/index.html
index 79f771712107..13185e5003df 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>版权页 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/ selected>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
index 4863dff9b7af..645bd3ca4726 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 而是可以将换行符添加到语义有断开的任何地方.
 (译者注：具体区别，对比本网页与原始md后，即可了解本段想表达的意思)</p><p>通过git进行协作时,
 这种技术会使提交的差异更显而易见,
-但这不是我们强制贡献者使用的内容.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“排版协议”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=版权和归属><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=版权和归属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231151></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231151></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231151></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231151 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231151></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+但这不是我们强制贡献者使用的内容.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/>“排版协议”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=版权和归属><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/ title=版权和归属 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/index.html
index 82c494463c5d..eb5c31b5d3e4 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/index.html
index c66c3c36bbbe..5c4a6a0cc225 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 当测试用例被触发时,
 它们由远端自动执行.</p><p>当开发完WebDriver测试之后,
 您可能需要在多个浏览器和操作系统的组合上运行测试.
-这就是 <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>Grid</a></em> 的用途所在.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>“快速浏览”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+这就是 <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>Grid</a></em> 的用途所在.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>“快速浏览”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
index 1420d649925b..80eaea39cf28 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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 我们也可以使用其中一些浏览器实现自动化的目的，
-Selenium支持以下专业驱动:</p><table><thead><tr><th>驱动名称</th><th>用途</th><th>维护者</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Rhino支持的无头浏览器模拟器</td><td>Selenium项目组</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 入门"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=第三方驱动和插件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Selenium支持以下专业驱动:</p><table><thead><tr><th>驱动名称</th><th>用途</th><th>维护者</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>HtmlUnitDriver</td><td>Rhino支持的无头浏览器模拟器</td><td>Selenium项目组</td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/>“浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 入门"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=第三方驱动和插件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239582></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239582></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239582></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239582 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239582></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
index cce079765554..06d94f632297 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver 入门 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
@@ -100,5 +100,5 @@
 但是在这些驱动程序不存在的情况下，它也提供了由项目自己维护的驱动程序。</p><p>Selenium 框架通过一个面向用户的界面将所有这些部分连接在一起，
 该界面允许透明地使用不同的浏览器后端，
 从而实现跨浏览器和跨平台自动化。</p><p>有关驱动程序的更多详细信息，请参阅
-<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>驱动特性</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“WebDriver 入门”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=安装独立服务器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/>驱动特性</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/>“WebDriver 入门”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=安装独立服务器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
index dfef13662b8d..bae9401eb969 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239582></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239582></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class="dd-item
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>日本語</option>
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-其中一些插件在其他的免费和开源软件许可下可用；其他的只能在私有许可下使用。关于插件及其发行许可的任何问题都需要向它的开发人员提出。</p><table><thead><tr><th>浏览器</th><th>最新版</th><th>变更记录</th><th>问题追踪</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>变更记录</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>变更记录</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>内置</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>问题追踪</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“第三方驱动和插件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=浏览器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+其中一些插件在其他的免费和开源软件许可下可用；其他的只能在私有许可下使用。关于插件及其发行许可的任何问题都需要向它的开发人员提出。</p><table><thead><tr><th>浏览器</th><th>最新版</th><th>变更记录</th><th>问题追踪</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/>Mozilla GeckoDriver</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/blob/release/CHANGES.md>变更记录</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/>Google Chrome Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>最新版</a></td><td><a href=https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads>变更记录</a></td><td><a href=https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/list>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=http://choice.opera.com/developer/tools/operadriver/>Opera</a></td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/releases>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://github.com/operasoftware/operachromiumdriver/issues>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/>Microsoft Edge Driver</a></td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/#downloads>最新版</a></td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/platform/issues/>问题追踪</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/>SafariDriver</a></td><td>内置</td><td>-</td><td><a href=https://bugreport.apple.com/>问题追踪</a></td></tr></tbody></table><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/>“第三方驱动和插件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/ title=浏览器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/ title=WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index 49c44a6728d1..5f59410af27f 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 转发器(hub)会连接1个或者多个节点，这些节点会代理执行测试任务。</p><h2 id=节点>节点</h2><ul><li>浏览器会被安装在节点上</li><li>节点会把自己注册在转发器(hub)上并申报自己作为测试代理的能力(有些什么浏览器，每个浏览器可以运行几个实例等等)</li><li>接受转发器(hub)的指示并执行这些指示</li></ul><p><em>节点</em> 和不同的Selenium实例，他们能够在特定的计算机系统上执行测试。
 一个服务网格中可以有很多节点。
 这些终端设备并不需要使用统一的平台(或者说操作系统)也不需要选择相同的浏览器。
-一个Windows节点可以提供IE作为一个浏览器选项来执行测试，然而Linux和MAC是不可能提供的。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“服务网格的组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/ title="服务网格 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+一个Windows节点可以提供IE作为一个浏览器选项来执行测试，然而Linux和MAC是不可能提供的。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/>“服务网格的组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/ title="服务网格 3"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/index.html
index 35e54c94a0dc..3987e8bfb341 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>服务网格 3 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 转发器(hub)维护了一个可供使用的注册服务器列表，也允许我们通过转发器(hub)来控制这些实例。</p><p>Selenium服务网格允许我们在多台节点服务器上并行执行测试，
 同时也中心化的管理多个浏览器版本，多种浏览器的配置。（以替代传统的基于个人的测试）</p><p>Selenium服务网格并不是万能的(silver bullet)。
 它能够解决一些通用的代理问题和分布式的问题，但是并不能管理你的硬件，也可能不适合你的一些特殊需求。</p><p><strong>请注意Grid 3不再被支持,
-Selenium项目建议使用<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/>“服务网格 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=什么时候应该使用服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Selenium项目建议使用<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/>“服务网格 3”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=什么时候应该使用服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 0c600036ba0e..97c74bb1dde7 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>配置自己的服务网格 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -178,5 +178,5 @@
 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a>.</p><h2 id=docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</h2><p><a href=//www.docker.com/>Docker</a>提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置，
 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。</p><p>Selenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。
 Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在<a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a> 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.</p><h3 id=前提>前提</h3><p>创建服务网格的唯一的前提是安装了Docker并能正常运行
-<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“配置自己的服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/ title="服务网格 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=//www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop>Install Docker</a>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“配置自己的服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/ title="服务网格 4" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
index 4be41d7b7df5..177b7b7f2761 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>高级功能 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
index 7c056f34da78..15f0faf5db74 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -147,5 +147,5 @@
     &quot;http.method&quot;: &quot;POST&quot;
   }
 }
-</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“可观察性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高级功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=网格端点 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre><p>Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.</p><p>The steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.</p><h2 id=references>References</h2><ol><li><a href=https://lightstep.com/blog/opentelemetry-101-what-is-tracing/>Understanding Tracing</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/master/specification/trace/api.md#status>OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki>Selenium Wiki</a></li><li><a href=https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/>Structured logs vs events</a></li><li><a href=https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger>Jaeger framework</a></li></ol><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>“可观察性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高级功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/ title=网格端点 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
index ecc07284be63..2f6d7e9e863d 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>服务网格的组件 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -153,5 +153,5 @@
 这包括集线器的部分组件,
 再加上一个节点.
 在独立模式下启动后,
-可以使用一个功能齐全的网格.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“服务网格的组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/ title="服务网格 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+可以使用一个功能齐全的网格.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/>“服务网格的组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/ title="服务网格 4"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
index 1c7f084b3b2d..d1c158ca4560 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -114,5 +114,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=distributor>Distributor</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=router>Router</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=node>Node</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“配置帮助”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=配置组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQL查询支持 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/>“配置帮助”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=配置组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/ title=GraphQL查询支持 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
index 8839e967992e..3de3adb5ed72 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>配置组件 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/_index.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>服务网格</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>服务网格 4</a> > 配置组件</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=配置组件>配置组件</h1><p>如前几节所述, 每个网格组件都扮演着特定的角色.
 因此, 可以单独配置每个网格组件.
-本节介绍通用配置值和特定于组件的配置值.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“配置组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=配置帮助 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+本节介绍通用配置值和特定于组件的配置值.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/>“配置组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=配置帮助 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
index 963e4dcc0c8e..da3a3cbbc669 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -182,5 +182,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=查询每个节点和网格的-uri->查询每个节点和网格的 URI :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;: &#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-current-requests-in-the-new-session-queue>Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue:</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=query-for-getting-the-new-session-queue-size->Query for getting the New Session Queue size :</h3><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>curl -X POST -H <span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;Content-Type: application/json&#34;</span> --data <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;{&#34;query&#34;:&#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }&#34;}&#39;</span> -s &lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT&gt;
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL查询支持”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=配置帮助><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高级功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/>“GraphQL查询支持”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/ title=配置帮助><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/ title=高级功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
index 019678030a6b..08250b5672d1 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -132,5 +132,5 @@
 To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below.
 The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.</p><p>In the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.</p><p>In the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>cURL --request GET <span style=color:#2aa198>&#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue&#39;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“网格端点”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可观察性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=驱动特性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/>“网格端点”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/ title=可观察性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/ title=驱动特性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/index.html
index a79327855218..7d82ccb8112f 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 并且不共享之前版本的代码库.</p><p>Grid 4有一种实现可以利用许多新技术来促进扩展,
 同时仍然允许本地执行.</p><p>关于Grid 4组件的所有详细信息,
 了解其工作原理以及如何设置自己的组件,
-请浏览以下章节.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>“服务网格 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+请浏览以下章节.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>“服务网格 4”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/ title=配置自己的服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
index 19d31f5c0348..0a6147279c0d 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>配置自己的服务网格 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -119,5 +119,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=提醒>提醒</h2><p>Selenium服务网格需要使用合适的防火墙许可来隔离外部访问。</p><p>如果不能有效的保护你的服务网格，可能会导致以下问题：</p><ul><li>提供了一个开发的接口来访问服务网格的基础设施</li><li>你将会允许第三方来访问内部web服务和文件</li><li>你将会允许第三方来执行定制的二进制文件</li></ul><p>请参考这篇文章<a href=//labs.detectify.com>Detectify</a>, 这里给了一个很好的概要，
 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：<a href=//labs.detectify.com/2017/10/06/guest-blog-dont-leave-your-grid-wide-open/>Don&rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open</a>.</p><h2 id=docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</h2><p><a href=//www.docker.com/>Docker</a>提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置，
 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。</p><p>Selenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。
-Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在<a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a> 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“配置自己的服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=配置组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在<a href=//github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium>Docker Selenium</a> 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/>“配置自己的服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/ title=服务网格的组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/ title=配置组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/index.html
index 001e9dbe4597..4b92939b3109 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>服务网格 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -98,5 +98,5 @@
 (而不是在每个独立的测试中).</p><p>Selenium Grid不是银弹.
 它解决了一些常见的委派和分布式问题,
 但是例如无法管理基础架构这样的问题,
-可能不适合您的特定需求.</p><p><strong>请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>“服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=爬取链接><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的和主要功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+可能不适合您的特定需求.</p><p><strong>请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/>Grid 4</a></strong></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>“服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=爬取链接><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的和主要功能 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
index 64aa04ad19ad..247ebcfef1af 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ selected>中文简体</option>
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>服务网格</a> > 目的和主要功能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>目的和主要功能</h1><ul><li>为所有的测试提供统一的入口</li><li>管理和控制运行着浏览器的节点/环境</li><li>扩展</li><li>并行测试</li><li>跨平台(操作系统)测试</li><li>负载测试</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“目的和主要功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/ title=服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=什么时候应该使用服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/>服务网格</a> > 目的和主要功能</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>目的和主要功能</h1><ul><li>为所有的测试提供统一的入口</li><li>管理和控制运行着浏览器的节点/环境</li><li>扩展</li><li>并行测试</li><li>跨平台(操作系统)测试</li><li>负载测试</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/>“目的和主要功能”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/ title=服务网格><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/ title=什么时候应该使用服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
index 0f3487b2c423..d8c6264d06c4 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
 比如终端1有IE8，终端2有IE9，终端3有最新的Chrmoe，终端4有最新的Firefox。当所有的测试套件都执行了，
 Selenium服务网格会接受每个测试浏览器组合的要求，然后安排每个测试被执行在所要求的浏览器上。</p><p>另外，一个服务网格可以包含同样的浏览器，类型，版本。比如，你可以有一个包含4台终端，没个终端包含3个
 Firefox70的实例的网格，提供了一个服务器集群提供可用的Firefox实例。当测试套件被执行的时候，每个被提交进服务网格的测试会被分发到可用的Firefox实例。在这个情况下，同一时间可以有12个测试被并行的执行，
-显著的缩短的整个测试完成的时间。</p><p>服务网格是弹性的。这2个例子可以被组合来创建多种实例的浏览器和版本。通过配置，可以提供并行执行以加速测试，或者支持多种浏览器版本的模拟2中能力。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“什么时候应该使用服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的和主要功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/ title="服务网格 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+显著的缩短的整个测试完成的时间。</p><p>服务网格是弹性的。这2个例子可以被组合来创建多种实例的浏览器和版本。通过配置，可以提供并行执行以加速测试，或者支持多种浏览器版本的模拟2中能力。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/>“什么时候应该使用服务网格”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/ title=目的和主要功能><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/ title="服务网格 3" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
index 980b735ea82f..ac5f0cd1a566 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -94,5 +94,5 @@
 想象一下有几个测试, 每个测试都会在选择操作执行之前查询数据库中的有效订单.
 如果两个测试采用相同的顺序, 则很可能会出现意外行为.</p></li><li><p>清理应用程序中过时的数据, 这些数据可能会被其他测试.
 例如无效的订单记录.</p></li><li><p>每次测试都创建一个新的WebDriver实例.
-这在确保测试隔离的同时可以保障并行化更为简单.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“避免共享状态”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title=改善报告><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=测试的独立性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+这在确保测试隔离的同时可以保障并行化更为简单.</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/>“避免共享状态”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/ title=改善报告><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=测试的独立性 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
index 03d1e955b558..23cdf052498c 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -150,5 +150,5 @@
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-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“考虑使用Fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=测试的独立性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=每次测试都刷新浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/>“考虑使用Fluent API”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/ title=测试的独立性><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=每次测试都刷新浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
index 357807008d36..d1d6876b30f8 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -142,5 +142,5 @@
 该API允许您的测试解决 <strong>当前的问题, 而不是UI的问题</strong>.
 用户界面是用户的次要问题–用户并不关心用户界面, 他们只是想完成工作.
 您的测试脚本应该像用户希望做的事情以及他们想知道的事情的完整清单那样易于阅读.
-测试不应该考虑UI如何要求您去做.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: 待测系统</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“领域特定语言”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=PO设计模式><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title=生成应用程序状态 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+测试不应该考虑UI如何要求您去做.</p><p>*<strong>AUT</strong>: 待测系统</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/>“领域特定语言”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=PO设计模式><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/ title=生成应用程序状态 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
index 567c9c4a844d..e378a731dff3 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 如果打开新虚拟机不切实际, 则至少应为每次测试启动一个新的WebDriver.
 对于Firefox, 请使用您已知的配置文件去启动WebDriver.</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>FirefoxProfile profile <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxProfile<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#719e07>new</span> File<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;pathToFirefoxProfile&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>));</span>
 WebDriver driver <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> <span style=color:#719e07>new</span> FirefoxDriver<span style=color:#719e07>(</span>profile<span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“每次测试都刷新浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="考虑使用Fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/ title=反模式 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/>“每次测试都刷新浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="考虑使用Fluent API"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/ title=反模式 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
index e8b47c8fa1eb..2543b09f850f 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>生成应用程序状态 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 在每次测试之前通过Web浏览器进行登录的消除, 将提高测试的速度和稳定性.
 应该创建一种方法来获取对 AUT* 的访问权限 (例如, 使用API登录并设置Cookie) .
 此外, 不应使用Selenium创建预加载数据来进行测试的方法.<br>如前所述, 应利用现有的API为 AUT* 创建数据.
-***AUT**: 待测系统</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“生成应用程序状态”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=领域特定语言><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=模拟外部服务 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+***AUT**: 待测系统</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/>“生成应用程序状态”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=领域特定语言><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=模拟外部服务 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
index b740858691e0..f7d5bdec359c 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>改善报告 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 大多数单元测试框架都有可以生成xUnit或HTML格式的报告.
 xUnit报表很受欢迎, 可以将其结果导入到持续集成（CI）服务器,
 例如Jenkins、Travis、Bamboo等.
-以下是一些链接, 可获取关于几种语言报表输出的更多信息.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“改善报告”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=模拟外部服务><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=避免共享状态 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+以下是一些链接, 可获取关于几种语言报表输出的更多信息.</p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Runner>NUnit 3 Console Runner</a></p><p><a href=//github.com/nunit/docs/wiki/Console-Command-Line>NUnit 3 Console Command Line</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-teamcity>xUnit getting test results in TeamCity</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-ccnet>xUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET</a></p><p><a href=//xunit.net/docs/getting-test-results-in-azure-devops>xUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/>“改善报告”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/ title=模拟外部服务><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=避免共享状态 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>指南和建议 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -96,5 +96,5 @@
 我们更喜欢"指南和建议"的想法.
 我们鼓励您通读这些内容, 并仔细地确定哪种方法适用于您的特定环境.</p><p>由于许多原因, 功能测试很难正确完成. 即便应用程序的状态, 复杂性, 依赖还不够让测试变得
 足够复杂, 操作浏览器（特别是跨浏览器的兼容性测试）就已经使得写一个好的测试变成一种挑战.</p><p>Selenium提供了一些工具使得功能测试用户更简单的操作浏览器, 但是这些工具并不能帮助你来写一个好的
-架构的测试套件. 这章我们会针对怎么来做web页面的功能测试的自动化给出一些忠告, 指南和建议.</p><p>这章记录了很多历年来成功的使用Selenium的用户的常用的软件设计模式.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“指南和建议”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=远程WebDriver客户端><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=PO设计模式 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+架构的测试套件. 这章我们会针对怎么来做web页面的功能测试的自动化给出一些忠告, 指南和建议.</p><p>这章记录了很多历年来成功的使用Selenium的用户的常用的软件设计模式.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/>“指南和建议”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=远程WebDriver客户端><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/ title=PO设计模式 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
index 855ce76c3b07..00a78ecd8874 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -197,5 +197,5 @@
 在上面的示例中, SignInPage和HomePage的构造函数均检查预期的页面是否可用并准备接受测试请求.</p><p>PO不一定需要代表整个页面. PO设计模式可用于表示页面上的组件.
 如果自动化测试中的页面包含多个组件, 则每个组件都有单独的页面对象, 则可以提高可维护性.</p><p>还有其他设计模式也可以在测试中使用. 一些使用页面工厂实例化其页面对象. 讨论所有这些都不在本用户指南的范围之内.
 在这里, 我们只想介绍一些概念, 以使读者了解可以完成的一些事情.
-如前所述, 许多人都在此主题上写博客, 我们鼓励读者搜索有关这些主题的博客.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“PO设计模式”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=指南和建议><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=领域特定语言 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+如前所述, 许多人都在此主题上写博客, 我们鼓励读者搜索有关这些主题的博客.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/>“PO设计模式”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=指南和建议><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/ title=领域特定语言 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
index 30cd425069cd..992c05d5b052 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>测试的独立性 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 并且CMS和应用程序之间的同步可能需要一些时间.</p><p>测试模块的一种错误方法是在测试中创建并发布内容,
 然后在另一测试中检查该模块.
 这是不可取的, 因为发布后内容可能无法立即用于其他测试.</p><p>与之相反的事, 您可以创建在受影响的测试中打开和关闭的打桩内容, 并将其用于验证模块.
-而且, 对于内容的创建, 您仍然可以进行单独的测试.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“测试的独立性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=避免共享状态><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="考虑使用Fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+而且, 对于内容的创建, 您仍然可以进行单独的测试.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/>“测试的独立性”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/ title=避免共享状态><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/ title="考虑使用Fluent API" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/index.html
index 1298a8464bcb..b909703bedce 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -216,5 +216,5 @@
     }
 }
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>请参阅 <em><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览</a></em> 以获得运行此代码时幕后发生的事情的完整解释。
-您应该继续阅读<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍</a>，了解如何<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/>安装</a>并成功地使用 Selenium 作为测试自动化工具，并将这样的简单测试扩展到多个浏览器上的大型分布式环境中，在多个不同的操作系统上运行。</p><h2 id=入门指南>入门指南</h2><p>如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+您应该继续阅读<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍</a>，了解如何<a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/>安装</a>并成功地使用 Selenium 作为测试自动化工具，并将这样的简单测试扩展到多个浏览器上的大型分布式环境中，在多个不同的操作系统上运行。</p><h2 id=入门指南>入门指南</h2><p>如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。</p><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览</a><ul><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>WebDriver</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>IDE</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>Grid</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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-[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"PO设计模式","tags":[],"description":"","content":"PO（page object）设计模式是在自动化中已经流行起来的一种易于维护和减少代码的设计模式. 在自动化测试中, PO对象作为一个与页面交互的接口. 测试中需要与页面的UI进行交互时, 便调用PO的方法. 这样做的好处是, 如果页面的UI发生了更改,那么测试用例本身不需要更改, 只需更改PO中的代码即可.\nPO设计模式具有以下优点:\n 测试代码与页面的定位代码（如定位器或者其他的映射）相分离. 该页面提供的方法或元素在一个独立的类中, 而不是将这些方法或元素分散在整个测试中.  这允许在一个地方修改由于UI变化所带来的所有修改. 随着这种\u0026quot;测试设计模式\u0026quot;的广泛使用, 可以在众多博客中找到有关此技术的有用信息. 我们鼓励希望了解更多信息的读者在互联网上搜索有关此主题的博客. 许多人已经写过这种设计模式, 并且可以提供超出本用户指南范围的有用提示. 不过, 为了让您入门, 我们将通过一个简单的示例来说明页面对象.\n首先, 思考一个不使用PO模式的自动化测试的典型案例:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // 在登录页面上填写登录数据  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // 登录后验证h1标签是否为Hello userName  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } 这种方法有两个问题.\n 测试方法与定位器 (在此实例中为By.name)耦合过于严重. 如果测试的用户界面更改了其定位器或登录名的输入和处理方式, 则测试本身必须进行更改. 在对登录页面的所有测试中, 同一个定位器会散布在其中.  可以在以下登录页面的示例中应用PO设计模式重写此示例.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } Home page的PO如下所示.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* 提供登录用户主页所代表的服务的更多方法. 这些方法可能会返回更多页面对象. 例如, 单击\u0026#34;撰写邮件\u0026#34;按钮可以返回ComposeMail类对象 */ } 那么, 接下来的登录测试用例将使用这两个页面对象.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } PO的设计方式具有很大的灵活性, 但是有一些基本规则可以使测试代码具有理想的可维护性.\nPO本身绝不应进行判断或断言. 判断和断言是测试的一部分, 应始终在测试的代码内, 而不是在PO中. PO用来包含页面的表示形式, 以及页面通过方法提供的服务, 但是与PO无关的测试代码不应包含在其中.\n实例化PO时, 应进行一次验证, 即验证页面以及页面上可能的关键元素是否已正确加载. 在上面的示例中, SignInPage和HomePage的构造函数均检查预期的页面是否可用并准备接受测试请求.\nPO不一定需要代表整个页面. PO设计模式可用于表示页面上的组件. 如果自动化测试中的页面包含多个组件, 则每个组件都有单独的页面对象, 则可以提高可维护性.\n还有其他设计模式也可以在测试中使用. 一些使用页面工厂实例化其页面对象. 讨论所有这些都不在本用户指南的范围之内. 在这里, 我们只想介绍一些概念, 以使读者了解可以完成的一些事情. 如前所述, 许多人都在此主题上写博客, 我们鼓励读者搜索有关这些主题的博客.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"介绍 在WebDriver / Selenium合并产生功能更强大的Selenium 2之前, Selenium RC一直是Selenium的主要项目. 再次特意强调的是, Selenium 1不再享有技术支持.\nSelenium RC 的工作原理 首先, 我们将描述Selenium RC的组件如何运行 以及每个组件在运行测试脚本中所扮演的角色.\nRC 组件 Selenium RC 组件包括:\n Selenium 服务器, 用于启动并关闭浏览器, 解释运行从测试程序传递来的Selenese命令, 并充当 HTTP代理 , 拦截和验证在浏览器和AUT之间传递的HTTP消息. 客户端库, 提供每种编程语言和 Selenium RC 服务器之间的接口.  以下是一个简化的架构图:\n该图显示了客户端库与服务器通信, 并传递了用来执行的每个Selenium命令. 然后, 服务器使用Selenium-Core的JavaScript命令 将Selenium命令传递到浏览器. 浏览器使用其JavaScript解释器执行Selenium命令. 这将运行您在测试脚本中指定的Selenese操作或验证行为.\nSelenium 服务器 Selenium 服务器从您的测试程序接收Selenium命令, 对其进行解释, 然后将运行这些测试的结果报告给您的程序.\nRC服务器捆绑了Selenium Core并将其自动注入浏览器. 当您的测试程序打开浏览器(使用客户端库API函数)时, 会发生这种情况. Selenium-Core是一个JavaScript程序, 实际上是一组JavaScript函数, 这些函数使用浏览器的内置JavaScript解释器来解释 和执行Selenese命令.\n服务器使用简单的HTTP GET / POST请求从您的测试程序接收Selenese命令. 这意味着您可以使用任何可以发送HTTP请求的编程语言 来自动执行浏览器中的Selenium测试.\n客户端库 客户端库提供了编程支持, 使您可以从自己设计的程序中运行Selenium命令. 每种受支持的语言都有一个不同的客户端库. Selenium客户端库提供了一个编程接口(API), 即一组函数, 可从您自己的程序中运行Selenium命令. 在每个界面中, 都有一个支持每个Selenese命令的编程功能.\n客户端库接受Selenese命令, 并将其传递给Selenium 服务器, 以针对被测应用程序(AUT)处理特定操作或测试. 客户端库还接收该命令的结果, 并将其传递回您的程序. 您的程序可以接收结果并将其存储到程序变量中, 并将其报告为成功或失败, 或者如果是意外错误, 则可以采取纠正措施.\n因此, 要创建测试程序, 只需编写一个使用客户端库API运行一组Selenium命令的程序. 并且, 可选地, 如果您已经在Selenium-IDE中创建了Selenese测试脚本, 则可以 生成Selenium RC代码 . Selenium-IDE可以(使用其\u0026quot;导出\u0026quot;菜单项) 将其Selenium命令转换为客户端驱动程序的API函数调用. 有关从Selenium-IDE导出RC代码的详细信息, 请参见Selenium-IDE章节.\n安装 安装对于Selenium来说是谬称. Selenium具有一组可用您选择的编程语言提供的库. 您可以从 下载页面下载它们.\n选择了要使用的语言后, 您只需要:\n 安装Selenium RC服务器. 使用特定语言的客户端驱动程序设置编程项目.  安装Selenium服务器 Selenium RC服务器只是一个Java jar 文件 ( selenium-server-standalone-.jar ), 不需要任何特殊的安装. 只需下载zip文件并将服务器提取到所需目录中就足够了.\n运行Selenium服务器 在开始任何测试之前, 您必须启动服务器. 转到Selenium RC服务器所在的目录, 然后从命令行控制台运行以下命令.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar 通过创建包含上述命令的批处理或Shell可执行文件 (Windows上为.bat, Linux上为.sh), 可以简化此操作. 然后在桌面上对该可执行文件创建快捷方式, 只需双击该图标即可启动服务器.\n为了使服务器运行, 您需要安装Java并正确配置PATH环境变量才能从控制台运行它. 您可以通过在控制台上运行以下命令来检查是否正确安装了Java.\njava -version 如果您查看到预期的版本号(必须为1.5或更高版本), 就可以开始使用Selenium RC了.\n使用Java客户端驱动程序  从SeleniumHQ 下载页面 下载Selenium Java客户端驱动程序zip 解压 selenium-java-.jar 文件 打开所需的Java IDE(Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver等) 创建一个Java项目. 将selenium-java-.jar文件添加到您的项目中作为依赖. 将文件selenium-java-.jar添加到您的项目类路径中. 从Selenium-IDE中, 将脚本导出到Java文件并将其包含在Java项目中, 或者使用selenium-java-client API用Java编写Selenium测试. 该API将在本章稍后介绍. 您可以使用JUnit或TestNg来运行测试, 也可以编写自己的简单main()程序. 这些概念将在本节稍后说明. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器. 从Java IDE或命令行执行测试.  有关Java测试项目配置的详细信息, 请参阅附录部分. 使用Eclipse配置Selenium RC和使用Intellij配置Selenium RC.\n使用Python客户端驱动程序  通过PIP安装Selenium, 说明链接在SeleniumHQ 下载页面 用Python编写Selenium测试 或将脚本从Selenium-IDE导出到python文件. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器 从控制台或Python IDE执行测试  有关Python客户端驱动程序配置的详细信息, 请参见附录Python客户端驱动程序配置.\n使用.NET客户端驱动程序  从SeleniumHQ 下载页面 下载Selenium RC 解压缩文件夹 下载并安装NUnit (注意：您可以将NUnit用作测试引擎. 如果您还不熟悉NUnit, 还可以编写一个简单的main()函数来运行测试； 但是NUnit作为测试引擎非常有用) 打开所需的.Net IDE(Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) 创建一个类库(.dll) 添加对以下DLL的引用： nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit.framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll 和ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll 用.Net语言(C＃, VB.Net)编写Selenium测试, 或将脚本从Selenium-IDE导出到C＃文件, 然后将此代码复制到刚创建的类文件中. 编写自己的简单main()程序, 或者可以在项目中包含NUnit来运行测试. 这些概念将在本章稍后说明. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器 从IDE, NUnit GUI或命令行运行测试  有关使用Visual Studio配置.NET客户端驱动程序的详细信息, 请参阅附录.NET客户端驱动程序配置.\n使用Ruby客户端驱动程序  如果您还没有RubyGems, 请从RubyForge安装它. 运行 gem install selenium-client 在测试脚本的顶部, 添加 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; 使用任何Ruby测试工具 (例如Test::Unit, Mini::Test或RSpec)编写测试脚本. 从控制台运行Selenium RC服务器. 以与运行其他任何Ruby脚本相同的方式执行测试.  有关Ruby客户端驱动程序配置的详细信息, 请参见 Selenium-Client documentation_\n从 Selenese 到程序 使用Selenium RC的主要任务 是将您的Selenese转换为编程语言. 在本节中, 我们提供了几种不同的特定于语言的示例.\n示例测试脚本 让我们从一个Selenese测试脚本示例开始. 试想用Selenium-IDE录制以下测试.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     注意：此示例适用于Google搜索页面 http://www.google.com\nSelenese作为编程代码 这是(通过Selenium-IDE)导出到每种支持的编程语言的测试脚本. 如果您具有基本的面向对象编程语言的基础知识, 则可以通过阅读以下示例之一 来了解Selenium如何运行Selenese命令. 要查看特定语言的示例, 请选择以下按钮之一.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end 在下一节中, 我们将说明如何使用生成的代码来构建测试程序.\n编写测试程序 现在, 我们将使用每种受支持的编程语言的示例 来说明如何对自己的测试进行编程. 本质上有两个任务:\n 从Selenium-IDE将脚本生成为代码, 可以选择修改结果. 编写一个非常简单的执行生成代码的主程序.  (可选)您可以采用测试引擎平台, 例如JUnit或Java的TestNG, 或使用NUnit的.NET (如果使用的是其中一种语言).\n在这里, 我们显示特定于语言的示例. 特定语言的API彼此之间往往有所不同, 因此您会为每个API找到单独的解释\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java 对于Java, 人们使用JUnit或TestNG作为测试引擎.\n某些开发环境(如Eclipse)通过插件直接支持这些环境. 这使它变得更加容易. 讲授JUnit或TestNG不在本文档的范围之内, 但是可以在网上找到资料, 并且可以找到出版物. 如果您恰巧熟悉Java全家桶, 那么您的开发人员将已经具有使用某种测试框架的经验.\n您可能需要将测试类从\u0026rdquo; NewTest\u0026quot;重命名为您自己选择的名称. 另外, 您将需要在语句中更改浏览器打开参数:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Selenium-IDE生成的代码将如下所示. 此示例具有手动添加的注释, 以提高清晰度.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# .NET客户端驱动程序可与Microsoft.NET一起使用. 它可以与任何.NET测试框架( 如NUnit或Visual Studio 2005 Team System)一起使用.\nSelenium-IDE假定您将使用NUnit作为测试框架. 您可以在下面的生成的代码中看到这一点. 它包含NUnit的using语句以及相应的NUnit属性, 这些属性标识测试类的每个成员函数的角色.\n您可能必须将测试类从\u0026rdquo; NewTest\u0026quot;重命名为您自己选择的名称. 另外, 您将需要在语句中更改浏览器打开参数:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); 生成的代码将类似于此.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } 您可以允许NUnit管理测试的执行. 或者, 您可以编写一个简单的 main() 程序, 该程序实例化测试对象并依次运行三个方法 SetupTest(), TheNewTest()和 TeardownTest() .\nPython Pyunit是用于Python的测试框架.\n基本测试结构是:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Selenium-IDE的旧版本(2.0之前的版本)生成 需要旧Selenium gem的Ruby代码. 因此, 建议如下更新IDE生成的所有Ruby脚本:\n  在第一行, 修改 require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; 为 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  在第十一行, 修改 Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new 为 Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  您可能还希望将类名更改为比\u0026quot;无标题\u0026quot;更具信息性的名称, 并将测试方法的名称更改为 \u0026ldquo;test_untitled\u0026quot;以外的名称.\n这是一个通过修改Selenium IDE 生成的Ruby代码创建的简单示例, 如上所述.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP 文档团队的成员尚未将Selenium RC与Perl或PHP一起使用. 如果您将Selenium RC和这两种语言一起使用, 请联系文档团队(请参阅贡献一章). 我们很乐意提供一些您的经验和示例, 以支持Perl和PHP用户.\n学习 API Selenium RC API使用命名约定, 假设您了解Selenese, 则大部分接口将是不言自明的. 但是, 在这里, 我们解释了最关键且可能不太明显的方面.\n启动浏览器 CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start 这些示例中的每一个都打开浏览器 并通过为程序变量分配\u0026quot;浏览器实例\u0026quot;来表示该浏览器. 然后, 该程序变量用于从浏览器调用方法. 这些方法执行Selenium命令, 即 open 或 type 或 verify 命令.\n创建浏览器实例时所需的参数是:\n  host 指定服务器所在计算机的IP地址. 通常, 这是与客户端运行所在的计算机相同的主机, 因此在这种情况下, 将传递本地主机. 在某些客户端中, 这是可选参数\n  port 指定服务器正在侦听的TCP/IP套接字, 以等待客户端建立连接. 在某些客户端驱动程序中这也是可选的.\n  browser 您要在其中运行测试的浏览器. 这是一个必需的参数.\n  url 被测应用程序的基本URL. 这是所有客户端库所必需的, 并且是启动浏览器-代理-AUT通信所必需的信息\n  请注意, 某些客户端库要求通过调用浏览器的 start() 方法 来明确启动浏览器.\n运行命令 将浏览器初始化并分配给变量(通常称为\u0026quot;Selenium\u0026rdquo;)后, 可以通过从浏览器变量调用相应的方法来使其运行Selenese命令. 例如, 调用Selenium对象的 type 方法:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) 在后台, 浏览器实际上将执行 type 操作, 该操作基本上与用户通过以下方式在浏览器中键入输入相同： 使用定位符和您在方法调用期间指定的字符串.\n报告结果 Selenium RC没有自己的报告结果机制. 相反, 它允许您使用所选编程语言的功能来构建根据需要定制的报告. 太好了, 但是如果您只是想快速地为您完成某件事, 该怎么办？ 与开发自己的测试报告代码相比, 现有的库或测试框架通常可以更快地满足您的需求.\n测试框架报告工具 测试框架可用于许多编程语言. 这些功能以及提供用于执行测试的灵活测试引擎的主要功能, 包括用于报告结果的库代码. 例如, Java有两个常用的测试框架, 即JUnit和TestNG. .NET也有自己的NUnit\n我们不会在这里教框架本身； 这超出了本用户指南的范围. 我们将简单介绍与Selenium相关的框架功能以及您可以应用的一些技术. 这些测试框架上都有不错的书籍, 但是互联网上的信息也很多.\n测试报告库 还提供了专门创建的第三方库, 用于以您选择的编程语言报告测试结果. 这些通常支持多种格式, 例如HTML或PDF.\n最好的方法是什么? 大多数测试框架的新手都将从框架的内置报告功能开始. 从那里开始, 大多数人会检查任何可用的库, 因为与开发自己的库相比, 这样做所花的时间更少. 毫无疑问, 当您开始使用Selenium时, 您将开始输入自己的\u0026quot;打印报表\u0026quot;来报告进度. 这可能会逐渐导致您开发自己的报告, 这可能与使用库或测试框架同时进行. 无论如何, 经过最初但短暂的学习后, 您自然会开发出最适合自己情况的方法.\n测试报告示例 为了说明, 我们将指导您使用Selenium支持的其他一些语言的一些特定工具. 此处列出的是常用的, 并且由本指南的作者广泛使用(因此建议使用).\nJava测试报告   如果使用JUnit开发了Selenium测试用例, 则可以使用JUnit报告生成测试报告.\n  如果使用TestNG开发了Selenium测试用例, 则无需外部任务即可生成测试报告. TestNG框架生成一个HTML报告, 其中列出了测试的详细信息.\n  ReportNG是用于TestNG框架的HTML报告插件. 它旨在替代默认的TestNG HTML报告. ReportNG提供了简单的, 以颜色编码的测试结果视图.\n  记录Selenese命令  记录Selenium可以用于生成测试中所有Selenese命令 以及每个命令的成功或失败的报告. 记录Selenium扩展了Java客户端驱动程序 以添加此Selenese记录功能.  Python测试报告  使用Python客户端驱动程序时, 可以使用HTMLTestRunner生成测试报告.  Ruby测试报告  如果RSpec框架用于在Ruby中编写Selenium测试用例, 则其HTML报告可用于生成测试报告.  为测试加料 现在, 我们将介绍使用Selenium RC的全部原因, 并在测试中添加编程逻辑. 与任何程序相同. 程序流使用条件语句和迭代进行控制. 另外, 您可以使用I/O报告进度信息. 在本节中, 我们将展示一些示例, 说明如何将编程语言构造与Selenium结合以解决常见的测试问题.\n当您从对页面元素存在的简单测试 过渡到涉及多个网页和变化数据的动态功能测试时, 您将需要编程逻辑来验证预期结果. 基本上, Selenium-IDE不支持迭代和标准条件语句. 您可以通过将Javascript嵌入 Selenese参数中来执行某些条件, 但是迭代是不可能的, 并且大多数条件在编程语言. 此外, 您可能需要进行异常处理才能恢复错误. 出于这些原因及其他原因, 我们在本节中进行了说明, 以说明如何使用常见的编程技术为您的自动化测试提供更大的\u0026quot;验证能力\u0026rdquo;.\n本节中的示例使用C＃和Java编写, 尽管代码很简单并且可以轻松地适应其他受支持的语言. 如果您对面向对象的编程语言有一些基本的了解, 那么本部分将不难理解.\n迭代 迭代是人们在测试中需要做的最常见的事情之一. 例如, 您可能要多次执行搜索. 或者, 可能是为了验证测试结果, 您需要处理从数据库返回的\u0026quot;结果集\u0026rdquo;.\n使用我们之前使用的相同Google搜索示例, 让我们检查Selenium搜索结果. 该测试可以使用Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     该代码已重复执行3次相同的步骤. 但是, 同一代码的多个副本不是良好的编程习惯, 因为维护起来需要做更多的工作. 通过使用编程语言, 我们可以遍历搜索结果以提供更灵活和可维护的解决方案.\n在 C# 中 // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } 条件陈述 为了说明在测试中的使用条件, 我们将从一个示例开始. 当页面上没有预期的元素时, 会发生运行Selenium测试时遇到的常见问题. 例如, 当运行以下行时:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); 如果页面上没有元素\u0026quot;q\u0026rdquo;, 则抛出异常:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found 这可能会导致测试中止. 对于某些测试, 这就是您想要的. 但是通常这是不希望的, 因为您的测试脚本还有许多其他后续测试需要执行.\n更好的方法是先验证元素是否确实存在, 然后在元素不存在时采取替代方法. 让我们用Java看一下\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } 这种方法的优点是即使页面上某些UI元素不可用, 也可以继续执行测试.\n从测试中执行JavaScript 在执行Selenium不直接支持的应用程序时, JavaScript非常方便. Selenium API的 getEval 方法.\n考虑具有复选框的应用程序, 该复选框没有静态标识符. 在这种情况下, 可以评估Selenium RC中的JavaScript以获取所有复选框的ID, 然后执行它们.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } 计算页面上的图像数量:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); 记住要在DOM表达式的情况下使用window对象, 因为默认情况下是指Selenium窗口, 而不是测试窗口.\n服务器选项 启动服务器时, 命令行选项可用于更改默认服务器行为.\n回想一下, 通过运行以下命令来启动服务器.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar 要查看选项列表, 请使用 -h 选项运行服务器.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h 您会看到服务器可以使用的所有选项的列表 以及每个选项的简要说明. 提供的描述并不总是足够的, 因此我们提供了一些更重要选项的解释.\n代理配置 如果您的AUT在需要身份验证的HTTP代理后面, 则应使用以下命令配置http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser 和http.proxyPassword.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password 多窗口模式 如果您使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则可能会跳过本节, 因为多窗口模式是默认行为. 但是, 在版本1.0之前, Selenium默认在子frame中运行测试中的应用程序, 如下所示.\n某些应用程序无法在子框架中正常运行, 需要将其加载到窗口的顶部框架中. 多窗口模式选项允许AUT在单独的窗口中运行, 而不是在默认帧中运行, 然后在默认帧中可以拥有所需的顶部帧.\n对于旧版本的Selenium, 您必须使用以下选项明确指定多窗口模式:\n-multiwindow 从Selenium RC 1.0开始, 如果您想在一个框架内运行测试(即使用早期Selenium版本的标准), 则可以使用选项将此状态指定给Selenium服务器\n-singlewindow 指定Firefox配置文件 除非您为每个实例分别指定一个配置文件, 否则Firefox将不会同时运行两个实例. Selenium RC 1.0和更高版本会自动在单独的配置文件中运行, 因此, 如果您使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则可以跳过本节. 但是, 如果您使用的是旧版本的Selenium, 或者需要使用特定的配置文件进行测试 (例如添加https证书或安装了一些插件), 则需要明确指定配置文件.\n首先, 要创建一个单独的Firefox配置文件, 请遵循以下步骤. 打开Windows\u0026quot;开始\u0026quot;菜单, 选择\u0026quot;运行\u0026rdquo;, 然后键入并输入以下内容之一:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P 使用对话框创建新的配置文件. 然后, 当您运行Selenium服务器时, 告诉它使用带有服务器命令行选项 -firefoxProfileTemplate 的 新Firefox配置文件, 并使用其文件名和目录路径指定配置文件的路径.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; 注意: 确保将您的个人资料放在默认文件夹之外的新文件夹中！！！！ 如果删除配置文件, 则Firefox配置文件管理器工具将删除文件夹中的所有文件, 无论它们是否是配置文件.\n有关Firefox配置文件的更多信息, 请参见 Mozilla的知识库\n使用-htmlSuite在服务器内直接运行Selenese 通过将html文件传递到服务器的命令行, 可以直接在Selenium 服务器中运行Selenese html文件. 例如:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; 这将自动启动您的HTML套件, 运行所有测试并保存带有结果的漂亮HTML报告.\n注意: 使用此选项时, 服务器将启动测试并等待指定的秒数以完成测试； 否则, 服务器将停止测试. 如果在这段时间内未完成测试, 则该命令将以非零的退出代码退出, 并且不会生成任何结果文件.\n此命令行很长, 因此在键入时要小心. 请注意, 这要求您传递HTML Selenese套件, 而不是单个测试. 另请注意-htmlSuite选项与 -interactive不兼容, 您不能同时运行两者e.\nSelenium 服务器日志 服务端日志 启动Selenium服务器时, -log 选项可用于 将Selenium服务器报告的有价值的调试信息 记录到文本文件中.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log 该日志文件比标准控制台日志更详细 (它包含DEBUG级别的日志消息). 日志文件还包括记录器名称和记录消息的线程的ID号. 例如:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW 消息格式为\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE 此消息可能是多行.\n浏览器端日志 浏览器端的JavaScript(Selenium Core)也记录重要消息. 在许多情况下, 这些对于最终用户比常规的Selenium 服务器日志更有用. 要访问浏览器端日志, 请将 -browserSideLog参数传递给Selenium服务器.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog 必须与 -log 参数结合使用, 以将browserSideLogs(以及所有其他DEBUG级别的日志记录消息)记录到文件中.\n指定特定浏览器的路径 您可以为Selenium RC指定到特定浏览器的路径. 如果您使用同一浏览器的不同版本, 并且希望使用特定的浏览器, 这将很有用. 另外, 它用于允许您的测试在Selenium RC不直接支持的浏览器上运行. 在指定运行模式时, 请使用*custom说明符, 后跟浏览器可执行文件的完整路径:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC 架构 注意: 本主题试图说明Selenium RC背后的技术实现. Selenium用户了解这一点并不是基本知识, 但对于理解您将来可能会发现的一些问题可能很有用.\n要详细了解Selenium RC Server的工作原理 以及为什么使用代理注入和增强特权模式, 您必须首先了解 同源政策.\n同源策略 Selenium面临的主要限制是同源策略. 此安全限制适用于市场上的每个浏览器, 其目的是确保一个站点的内容永远不会被另一个站点的脚本访问. 同源策略规定, 浏览器中加载的任何代码只能在该网站的域内运行. 它无法在其他网站上执行功能. 因此, 例如, 如果浏览器在加载www.mysite.com时加载了JavaScript代码, 则即使该网站是您的另一个网站, 也无法针对www.mysite2.com运行该加载的代码. 如果可能的话, 如果您在其他标签上打开了帐户页面, 则在您打开的任何网站上放置的脚本都将能够读取银行帐户上的信息. 这称为XSS(跨站点脚本).\n要在此政策下工作, 必须将Selenium-Core(及其实现所有魔术的JavaScript命令) 放置在与被测应用程序相同的来源(相同的URL)中.\n从历史上看, Selenium-Core受此问题限制, 因为它是用JavaScript实现的. 但是, Selenium RC不受\u0026quot;同一来源\u0026quot;政策的限制. 它使用Selenium服务器作为代理可以避免此问题. 从本质上讲, 它告诉浏览器该浏览器正在服务器提供的单个\u0026quot;欺骗\u0026quot;网站上工作.\n注意: 您可以在Wikipedia页面上找到有关此主题的其他信息, 这些信息与同源策略和XSS有关.\n代理注入 Selenium用来避免\u0026quot;同源策略\u0026quot;的第一种方法是代理注入. 在代理注入模式下, Selenium 服务器充当客户端配置的 HTTP proxy 1 位于浏览器和Test2中. 然后, 它在虚构的URL下掩盖AUT (嵌入Selenium-Core和测试集, 并像它们来自同一来源一样进行交付).\n以下是架构图.\n当测试套件以您喜欢的语言开始时, 会发生以下情况:\n 客户端/驱动程序与Selenium-RC服务器建立连接. Selenium RC服务器启动带有URL的浏览器(或重用旧的浏览器), 该URL将Selenium-Core的JavaScript注入浏览器加载的网页中. 客户端驱动程序将Selenese命令传递到服务器. 服务器解释命令, 然后触发相应的JavaScript执行以在浏览器中执行该命令. Selenium-Core指示浏览器按照第一条指令操作, 通常会打开AUT的页面. 浏览器收到打开的请求, 并从Selenium RC服务器 (设置为供浏览器使用的HTTP代理) 中请求网站的内容. Selenium RC服务器与Web服务器进行通信以请求页面, 并在收到页面后将页面发送给浏览器, 以掩盖其来源, 以使页面看起来与Selenium-Core来自同一服务器 (这使Selenium-Core可以遵从使用同源策略). 浏览器接收网页并将其呈现在为其保留的框架/窗口中.  特权浏览器 此方法中的此工作流程与代理注入非常相似, 但主要区别在于浏览器以一种称为 增强特权 的特殊模式启动, 该模式允许网站执行通常不允许的操作 (例如XSS_或填充文件上传输入)和对Selenium非常有用的东西). 通过使用这些浏览器模式, Selenium Core能够直接打开AUT并与其内容进行读取/交互, 而不必将整个AUT传递给Selenium RC服务器.\n以下是架构图.\n当测试套件以您喜欢的语言开始时, 会发生以下情况:\n 客户端/驱动程序与Selenium-RC服务器建立连接. Selenium RC服务器启动一个带有URL的浏览器(或重用旧的浏览器), 该URL将在网页中加载Selenium-Core. Selenium-Core从客户端/驱动程序获取第一条指令 (通过向Selenium RC服务器发出的另一个HTTP请求). Selenium-Core对该第一条指令起作用, 通常会打开AUT的页面. 浏览器收到打开请求, 并向Web服务器询问该页面. 浏览器收到网页后, 将其呈现在为其保留的框架/窗口中.  处理HTTPS和安全弹出窗口 当许多应用程序需要发送加密的信息(例如密码或信用卡信息)时, 它们从使用HTTP切换到HTTPS. 这在当今的许多网络应用程序中很常见. Selenium RC支持这一点.\n为了确保HTTPS站点是真实的, 浏览器将需要安全证书. 否则, 当浏览器使用HTTPS访问AUT时, 将假定该应用程序不被\u0026quot;信任\u0026rdquo;. 发生这种情况时, 浏览器将显示安全弹出窗口, 并且无法使用Selenium RC关闭这些弹出窗口\n在Selenium RC测试中处理HTTPS时, 必须使用支持该模式并为您处理安全证书的运行模式. 您在测试程序初始化Selenium时指定运行模式.\n在Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2和更高版本中, 将*firefox或*iexplore用于运行模式. 在早期版本中, 包括Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, 在运行模式中使用*chrome或*iehta. 使用这些运行模式, 您将不需要安装任何特殊的安全证书. Selenium RC会为您处理.\n在1.0版中, 建议使用运行模式*firefox或*iexplore. 但是, 还有*iexploreproxy和*firefoxproxy的其他运行模式. 提供这些仅是为了向后兼容, 除非传统测试程序要求, 否则不应使用它们. 如果您的应用程序打开其他浏览器窗口, 则它们的使用将对安全证书处理和多个窗口的运行产生限制.\n在早期版本的Selenium RC中, *chrome或*iehta是支持HTTPS和安全弹出窗口处理的运行模式. 尽管它们变得相当稳定并且许多人使用了它们, 但这些被认为是\u0026quot;实验模式\u0026rdquo;. 如果使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则不需要, 也不应使用这些较早的运行模式.\n安全证书说明 通常, 浏览器将通过安装您已经拥有的安全证书来信任您正在测试的应用程序. 您可以在浏览器的选项或Internet属性中进行检查 (如果您不知道AUT的安全证书, 请咨询系统管理员). 当Selenium加载浏览器时, 它将注入代码以拦截浏览器和服务器之间的消息. 浏览器现在认为不受信任的软件正试图看起来像您的应用程序. 它通过弹出消息提醒您.\n为解决此问题, Selenium RC(再次使用支持此功能的运行模式时) 将在浏览器可以访问它的位置临时将其自己的安全证书安装到客户端计算机上. 这会欺骗浏览器以使其正在访问的网站与您的AUT不同, 从而有效地抑制了弹出窗口.\nSelenium早期版本使用的另一种方法是安装Selenium安装随附的Cybervillians安全证书. 但是, 大多数用户不再需要这样做. 如果您以代理注入模式运行Selenium RC, 则可能需要显式安装此安全证书.\n支持其他浏览器和浏览器配置 除了Internet Explorer和Mozilla Firefox外, Selenium API还支持在多种浏览器上运行. 请访问https://selenium.dev网站以获取受支持的浏览器. 另外, 当不直接支持浏览器时, 您仍然可以在测试应用程序启动时通过使用 \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026quot;运行模式(即代替*firefox或*iexplore) 对所选浏览器运行Selenium测试. 这样, 您可以将路径传递到API调用内的浏览器可执行文件. 也可以从服务器以交互方式完成此操作.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 使用不同的浏览器配置运行测试 通常, Selenium RC自动配置浏览器, 但是如果您使用\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;运行模式启动浏览器, 则可以强制Selenium RC照原样启动浏览器, 而无需使用自动配置.\n例如, 您可以使用这样的自定义配置启动Firefox:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 请注意, 以这种方式启动浏览器时, 必须手动配置浏览器以将Selenium服务器用作代理. 通常, 这仅意味着打开浏览器首选项并将\u0026quot;localhost:4444\u0026quot;指定为HTTP代理, 但是不同浏览器的说明可能会有根本不同. 有关详细信息, 请查阅浏览器的文档.\n请注意, Mozilla浏览器的启动和停止方式可能会有所不同. 可能需要设置MOZ_NO_REMOTE环境变量, 以使Mozilla浏览器的行为更加可预测. Unix用户应避免使用Shell脚本启动浏览器. 通常最好直接使用二进制可执行文件(例如firefox-bin).\n解决常见问题 在开始使用Selenium RC时, 通常会遇到一些潜在的问题. 我们在这里介绍它们及其解决方案.\n无法连接到服务器 当您的测试程序无法连接到Selenium 服务器时, Selenium会在您的测试程序中引发异常. 它应该显示此消息或类似的消息:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) 如果看到这样的消息, 请确保已启动Selenium服务器. 如果是这样, 则Selenium客户端库和Selenium服务器之间的连接存在问题.\n从Selenium RC开始时, 大多数人开始是在同一台计算机上运行测试程序(带有Selenium客户端库) 和Selenium服务器. 为此, 请使用\u0026quot;localhost\u0026quot;作为连接参数. 我们建议您以这种方式开始, 因为它可以减少您入门时可能出现的网络问题的影响. 假设您的操作系统具有典型的网络和TCP/IP设置, 那么您应该没有什么困难. 实际上, 许多人选择以这种方式运行测试.\n但是, 如果您确实想在远程计算机上运行Selenium服务器, 则假设两台计算机之间具有有效的TCP/IP连接, 则连接应该很好.\n如果连接困难, 可以使用常用的网络工具, 例如ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows) 等, 以确保您具有有效的网络连接. 如果不熟悉这些, 则系统管理员可以为您提供帮助.\n无法加载浏览器 好的, 这并非友好的错误消息, 很抱歉, 但是如果Selenium服务器无法加载浏览器, 您可能会看到此错误.\n(500) Internal Server Error 这可能是由于\n Firefox(Selenium 1.0之前的版本)无法启动, 因为浏览器已经打开, 并且您未指定单独的配置文件. 请参阅\u0026quot;服务器选项\u0026quot;下有关Firefox配置文件的部分 您使用的运行模式与您计算机上的任何浏览器都不匹配. 程序打开浏览器时检查您传递给Selenium的参数. 您已明确指定浏览器的路径(使用\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; –参见上文), 但该路径不正确. 检查以确保路径正确. 还要检查用户组, 以确保浏览器和\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;参数没有已知问题.  Selenium 找不到AUT 如果您的测试程序成功启动了浏览器, 但是浏览器未显示您正在测试的网站, 则最可能的原因是您的测试程序未使用正确的URL.\n这很容易发生. 当您使用Selenium-IDE导出脚本时, 它会插入一个虚拟URL. 您必须手动将URL更改为正确的URL才能测试您的应用程序.\nFirefox在准备配置文件时拒绝关闭 最常见的情况是在Firefox上运行Selenium RC测试程序, 但是已经运行了Firefox浏览器会话, 并且在启动Selenium服务器时未指定单独的配置文件. 测试程序中的错误如下所示:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile 以下是来自服务器的完整错误消息:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock 要解决此问题, 请参阅\u0026quot;指定单独的Firefox配置文件\u0026quot;部分\n版本问题 确保您的Selenium版本支持您的浏览器版本. 例如, Selenium RC 0.92不支持Firefox3. 有时您可能很幸运(例如我). 但不要忘记检查您使用的Selenium版本支持哪些浏览器版本. 如有疑问, 请使用最新版本的Selenium和浏览器使用最广泛的版本.\n启动服务器时出现错误消息: \u0026ldquo;(不支持的major.minor版本49.0)\u0026rdquo; 此错误表明您使用的Java版本不正确. Selenium服务器需要Java 1.5或更高版本.\n要检查您的Java版本, 请从命令行运行.\njava -version 您应该看到一条消息, 显示Java版本.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) 如果看到较低的版本号, 则可能需要更新JRE, 或者只需将其添加到PATH环境变量中即可.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command 如果尝试打开\u0026rdquo; http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;上的页面时遇到404错误, 则一定是因为Selenium服务器未正确配置为代理. Selenium-server\u0026quot;目录在google.com上不存在； 仅当正确配置了代理后, 该目录才存在. 代理配置在很大程度上取决于如何使用firefox, iexplore, opera或custom启动浏览器.\n  iexplore：如果使用*iexplore启动浏览器, 则可能是Internet Explorer的代理设置有问题. Selenium服务器尝试在Internet选项控制面板中配置全局代理设置. 您必须确保在Selenium服务器启动浏览器时正确配置了这些配置. 尝试查看\u0026rdquo; Internet选项\u0026quot;控制面板. 单击\u0026quot;连接\u0026quot;选项卡, 然后单击\u0026quot;局域网设置\u0026rdquo;.\n 如果您需要使用代理来访问要测试的应用程序, 则需要使用\u0026rdquo; -Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026quot;启动Selenium服务器. 有关更多详细信息, 请参见 代理配置 . 您也可以尝试手动配置代理, 然后使用*custom或*iehta浏览器启动器启动浏览器.    custom: 使用*custom时, 必须正确(手动)配置代理, 否则会出现404错误. 仔细检查您是否正确配置了代理设置. 要检查您是否正确配置了代理, 则是试图故意不正确地配置浏览器. 尝试将浏览器配置为使用错误的代理服务器主机名或错误的端口. 如果您错误地成功配置了浏览器的代理设置, 则浏览器将无法连接到Internet, 这是一种确保正在调整相关设置的方法.\n  对于其他浏览器(*firefox, *opera), 我们会自动为您硬编码代理, 因此此功能没有已知问题. 如果您遇到404错误, 并已按照本用户指南进行操作, 请仔细将结果发布到用户组, 以获取用户社区的帮助.\n  权限被拒绝错误 发生此错误的最常见原因是您的会话试图跨域 (例如, 从http://domain1访问页面, 然后从http://domain2访问页面)来违反同源策略. 协议(从http://domainX移至https://domainX).\n当JavaScript尝试查找尚不可用 (在页面完全加载之前)或不再可用 (在页面开始卸载之后)的UI对象时, 也会发生此错误. 最常见的情况是AJAX页面正在处理页面的某些部分 或独立于较大页面而加载和/或重新加载的子frame.\n该错误可能是间歇性的. 通常, 用调试器不可能重现该问题, 因为问题是由于竞争条件引起的, 当将调试器的开销添加到系统中时, 这些竞争条件是无法再现的. 许可问题在本教程中进行了详细介绍. 仔细阅读有关同源策略, 代理注入的部分.\n处理浏览器弹出窗口 在Selenium测试中可以得到几种\u0026quot;弹出窗口\u0026rdquo;. 如果Selenium命令是由浏览器而不是AUT发起的, 则可能无法通过运行Selenium命令来关闭这些弹出窗口. 您可能需要知道如何进行管理. 每种类型的弹出窗口都需要以不同的方式处理.\n  HTTP基本身份验证对话框： 这些对话框提示输入用户名/密码登录到站点. 要登录到需要HTTP基本身份验证的站点, 请使用 RFC 1738中所述的URL中的用户名和密码, 如下所示：open (\u0026rdquo; http//myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026rdquo;).\n  SSL证书警告： 当Selenium RC启用为代理时, 它会自动尝试欺骗SSL证书. 请参阅HTTPS部分中的更多内容. 如果您的浏览器配置正确, 您将永远不会看到SSL证书警告, 但是您可能需要将浏览器配置为信任我们危险的\u0026quot;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL证书颁发机构. 再次, 请参阅HTTPS部分以了解如何执行此操作.\n  模态JavaScript警报/确认/提示对话框： Selenium试图向您隐藏这些对话框 (通过替换window.alert, window.confirm和window.prompt), 以便它们不会停止您页面的执行. 如果您看到警告弹出窗口, 可能是因为它是在页面加载过程中触发的, 对于我们而言, 保护该页面通常为时过早. Selenese包含用于断言或验证警报和确认弹出窗口的命令. 请参阅第4章中有关这些主题的部分.\n  在Linux上, 为什么我的Firefox浏览器会话没有关闭? 在Unix/Linux上, 您必须直接调用\u0026quot;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo;, 因此请确保路径中包含可执行文件. 如果通过外壳程序脚本执行Firefox, 则该终止浏览器了. SeleniumRC将终止该外壳程序脚本, 使浏览器保持运行状态. 您可以像这样直接指定firefox-bin的路径.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome不适用于自定义配置文件 检查Firefox配置文件文件夹 -\u0026gt; prefs.js-\u0026gt; \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; 像这样注释此行：\u0026quot;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; 然后再试一次.\n是否可以在加载父页面时加载自定义弹出窗口(即, 在父页面的javascript window.onload()函数运行之前) 否. Selenium依靠拦截器来确定正在加载的窗口名称. 如果在onload()函数之后加载窗口, 则这些拦截器最适合捕获新窗口. Selenium可能无法识别在onload功能之前加载的Windows.\nLinux上的Firefox 在Unix/Linux上, Selenium 1.0之前的版本需要直接调用\u0026quot;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo;, 因此, 如果您使用的是以前的版本, 请确保路径中包含真正的可执行文件.\n在大多数Linux发行版中, 真正的 firefox-bin 位于:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ 其中x.x.x是您当前拥有的版本号. 因此, 要将该路径添加到用户的路径. 您将必须将以下内容添加到您的.bashrc文件中:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; 如有必要, 您可以在测试中直接指定firefox-bin的路径, 如下所示:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE和样式属性 如果您在Internet Explorer上运行测试, 则无法使用其 style 属性来查找元素. 例如:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] 这将在Firefox, Opera或Safari中完美运行, 但不适用于IE. IE将 @style 中的键解释为大写. 因此, 即使源代码是小写的, 您也应该使用:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] 如果您的测试打算在多个浏览器上运行, 那么这将是一个问题, 但是您可以轻松地对测试进行编码以检测情况 并尝试仅在IE中运行的替代定位器.\n遇到错误-随着*googlechrome浏览器的关闭, \u0026ldquo;无法将对象转换为原始值\u0026rdquo; 为避免此错误, 您必须使用禁用 同源策略检查的选项启动浏览器:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); IE中遇到的错误-\u0026ldquo;无法打开应用程序窗口；弹出窗口阻止程序已启用？\u0026rdquo; 为避免此错误, 您必须配置浏览器： 禁用弹出窗口阻止程序, 并取消选中工具\u0026raquo;选项\u0026raquo;安全中的\u0026quot;启用保护模式\u0026quot;选项.\n  代理人是中间的第三人, 两人之间传球. 它充当将AUT传送到浏览器的\u0026quot;网络服务器\u0026rdquo;. 作为代理, Selenium服务器可以\u0026quot;说谎\u0026quot;AUT的真实URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n 启动浏览器时使用的配置文件将localhost:4444设置为HTTP代理, 这就是为什么浏览器执行的任何HTTP请求都将通过Selenium服务器并且响应将通过它而不是真实服务器通过的原因. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Selenium 项目和工具","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 控制网页浏览器 Selenium 有很多功能， 但其核心是 web 浏览器自动化的一个工具集， 它使用最好的技术来远程控制浏览器实例， 并模拟用户与浏览器的交互。\n它允许用户模拟终端用户执行的常见活动；将文本输入到字段中，选择下拉值和复选框，并单击文档中的链接。 它还提供许多其他控件，比如鼠标移动、任意 JavaScript 执行等等。\n虽然 Selenium 主要用于网站的前端测试，但其核心是浏览器用户代理库。 这些接口在应用程序中无处不在，它们鼓励与其他库进行组合，以满足您的目的。\n一个接口来统治它们 该项目的指导原则之一是支持所有（主要）浏览器技术的通用接口。 Web 浏览器是非常复杂的，高度工程化的应用程序， 以完全不同的方式执行它们的操作，但是在执行这些操作时，它们通常看起来是一样的 即使文本以相同的字体呈现，图像也会显示在相同的位置，并且链接会将您带到相同的目的地。 下面发生的事情就像白天和黑夜一样不同。 Selenium “抽象”了这些差异，向编写代码的人隐藏了它们的细节和复杂性。 这允许您编写几行代码来执行一个复杂的工作流程， 但是这几行代码将在 Firefox、 Internet Explorer、 Chrome 和所有其他支持的浏览器上执行。\n工具和支持 Selenium 的极简设计方法使其具有通用性，可以作为更大应用程序中的组件。 Selenium 保护伞下提供的周边基础设施为您提供了组合自己的 浏览器 grid 的工具， 因此测试就可以跨一系列机器在不同的浏览器和多个操作系统上运行。\n想象一下， 服务器机房或数据中心的一组计算机同时启动浏览器，访问站点的链接、表单和表格 — 全天 24 小时测试应用程序。 通过为最常见的语言提供的简单编程接口， 这些测试将不知疲倦地并行运行， 当错误发生时向您报告。\n通过为用户提供工具和文档， 不仅可以控制浏览器， 还可以方便地扩展和部署这些 grid， 从而帮助您实现这一目标。\n通过为用户提供工具和文档，不仅可以控制浏览器， 还可以简化网格的伸缩和部署。 来帮助您实现这一目标， 这些工具和文档\n谁在使用 Selenium 世界上许多最重要的公司都在基于浏览器的测试中采用了 Selenium， 这常常取代了多年来涉及其他专有工具的工作。 随着它越来越受欢迎， 它的需求和挑战也成倍增加。\n随着网络变得越来越复杂，新的技术被添加到网站上， 这个项目的任务就是尽可能地跟上它们。 作为一个开源项目，这种支持是通过许多志愿者的慷慨捐赠来提供的， 每个志愿者都有一份“日常工作”。\n该项目的另一个任务是鼓励更多的志愿者参与到这项工作中来， 并建立一个强大的社区，以便项目能够继续跟上新兴的技术， 并继续成为功能测试自动化的主导平台。\n历史 当 Selenium 1 于 2004 年发布时， 出于减少在 web 应用程序前端手工验证一致行为所花费的时间的需要。 它利用了当时可用的工具， 并严重依赖于向测试中的 web 页面注入 JavaScript 来模拟用户的交互。\n虽然 JavaScript 是一个很好的工具， 可以让您自省 DOM 的属性， 并进行某些客户端观察， 否则您将无法进行这些观察， 但是它不具备像使用鼠标和键盘那样自然复制用户交互的能力。\n从那时起，Selenium 已经成长并成熟了很多， 成为世界上许多（不是大多数）大型机构广泛使用的工具。 Selenium 已经从 Thoughtworks 为特定受众和特定用例开发的自制测试自动化工具包， 转移到世界上的浏览器自动化库。\n正如 Selenium RC 利用了当时可用的工具一样， Selenium WebDriver 将浏览器交互部分带到浏览器供应商的地盘， 并要求他们负责后端、面向浏览器的实现，从而推动了这一传统。 最近，这项工作已经发展成为 W3C 标准化过程， 其目标是将 Selenium 中的 WebDriver 组件转换为用户代理的 du jeur 远程控制库。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"了解组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"使用 WebDriver 构建测试套件需要您理解并有效地使用许多不同的组件。就像软件中的一切一样， 不同的人对同一个想法使用不同的术语。下面是在这个描述中如何使用术语的细分。\n专业术语  API: 应用程序编程接口。这是一组用来操作 WebDriver 的 “命令”。 库: 一个代码模块，它包含 api 和实现这些 api 所需的代码。库是对应于具体的语言的，例如 Java 的 .jar 文件，.NET 的 .dll 文件，等等。 驱动程序: 负责控制实际的浏览器。大多数驱动程序是由浏览器厂商自己创建的。 驱动程序通常是与浏览器一起在系统上运行的可执行模块，而不是在执行测试套件的系统上。 (尽管它们可能是同一个系统。) 注意: 有些人把驱动称为代理。 框架: 用于支持 WebDriver 套件的附加库。这些框架可能是测试框架，如 JUnit 或 NUnit。 它们也可能是支持自然语言特性的框架，如 Cucumber 或 Robotium。还可以编写和使用框架来操作或配置被测试的系统、 数据创建、测试预言等等。  组成部分 至少，WebDriver 通过一个驱动程序与浏览器对话。通信有两种方式: WebDriver 通过驱动程序向浏览器传递命令， 然后通过相同的路径接收信息。\n驱动程序是特定于浏览器的，例如 ChromeDriver 对应于谷歌的 Chrome/Chromium， GeckoDriver 对应于 Mozilla 的 Firefox 的，等等。驱动程序在与浏览器相同的系统上运行。 这可能与执行测试本身的系统相同，也可能不同。\n上面这个简单的例子就是 _直接_通信。与浏览器的通信也可以是通过 Selenium 服务器或 RemoteWebDriver 进行的 _远程_通信。RemoteWebDriver 与驱动程序和浏览器运行在同一个系统上。\n远程通信也可以使用 Selenium Server 或 Selenium Grid 进行，这两者依次与主机系统上的驱动程序进行通信\n应用框架 WebDriver 有且只有一个任务: 通过上面的任何方法与浏览器通信。WebDriver 对测试一窍不通：它不知道如何比较事物、 断言通过或失败，当然它也不知道报告或 Given/When/Then 语法。\n这就是各种框架发挥作用的地方。至少你需要一个与绑定语言相匹配的测试框架，比如. NET 的 NUnit, Java 的 JUnit, Ruby 的 RSpec 等等。\n测试框架负责运行和执行 WebDriver 以及测试中相关步骤。因此，您可以认为它看起来类似于下图。\n像 Cucumber 这样的自然语言框架/工具可能作为上图中测试框架框的一部分存在， 或者它们可能将测试框架完全封装在它们自己的实现中。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/","title":"入门指南","tags":[],"description":"","content":"入门指南 如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。\n 快速浏览  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"共享的功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"为了通过Selenium WebDriver创建新会话, 本地端应向远程端提供基本功能. 远端使用相同的功能集来创建会话并描述当前会话功能.\nWebDriver提供了每个远程端将 (或应该) 支持实现的功能. 以下是WebDriver支持的功能:\nbrowserName: 此功能用于设置既定会话的 browserName . 如果未在远端安装指定的浏览器, 则会话创建将失败\nbrowserVersion: 此功能是可选的, 用于在远程端设置可用的浏览器版本. 例如, 如果在仅安装80版本的系统上询问75版本的Chrome, 则会话创建将失败\n页面加载策略 通过URL导航到新页面时, 默认情况下, Selenium将等待页面完全加载后再进行响应. 这对于初学者来说效果很好, 但是在加载大量第三方资源的页面上可能会导致较长的等待时间. 在这种情况下, 使用非默认策略可以使测试的执行速度更快, 但是也可能导致不稳定, 即页面上的元素随元素加载和大小变化而改变位置.\n页面加载策略可以参考链接 document.readyState 如下述表格的描述:\n   策略 准备完成的状态 备注     normal complete 默认情况下使用, 等待所有资源下载完成   eager interactive DOM访问已准备就绪, 但其他资源 (如图像) 可能仍在加载中   none Any 完全不阻塞WebDriver    platformName 这标识了远端的操作系统, 获取 platformName 将返回操作系统的名称.\n在基于云的供应者中, 设置 platformName 将在远程端设置操作系统.\nacceptInsecureCerts 此功能检查在会话期间导航时 是否使用了过期的 (或) 无效的 TLS Certificate .\n如果将功能设置为 false, 则页面浏览遇到任何域证书问题时, 将返回insecure certificate error . 如果设置为 true, 则浏览器将信任无效证书.\n默认情况下, 此功能将信任所有自签名证书. 设置后, acceptInsecureCerts 功能将在整个会话中生效.\nSession timeouts WebDriver session 具有一定的 session timeout 间隔, 在此间隔内, 用户可以控制执行脚本或从浏览器检索信息的行为.\n每个会话超时都配置有不同 timeouts 的组合, 如下所述:\nScript Timeout: 指定在当前浏览上下文中, 中断正在执行脚本的时机. WebDriver创建新会话时, 将设置默认的超时时间为 30,000 .\nPage Load Timeout: 指定在当前浏览上下文中, 加载网页的时间间隔. WebDriver创建新会话时, 默认设置超时时间为 300,000 . 如果页面加载限制了给定 (或默认) 的时间范围, 则该脚本将被 TimeoutException 停止.\nImplicit Wait Timeout 指定在定位元素时, 等待隐式元素定位策略的时间. WebDriver创建新会话时, 将设置默认超时时间为 0 .\nunhandledPromptBehavior 指定当前会话 user prompt handler 的状态. 默认为 dismiss and notify state .\nUser Prompt Handler 这定义了在远端出现用户提示时必须采取的措施. 该行为由unhandledPromptBehavior 功能定义, 具有以下状态:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect 此命令更改当前浏览上下文中窗口的大小和位置. 此命令作为 getWindowRect 对应的设置方法, 该命令接受 width, height, x, y 作为 可选 参数.\n在自动化期间, 当前浏览上下文将与描述浏览器窗口可见性状态的窗口状态相关联. 窗口状态为\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  设置 Width 或 Height 不能保证结果窗口的大小一定完全匹配所请求的窗口大小. 这是因为某些驱动程序可能无法以单像素为单位调整大小. 因此, 通过 getWindowRect 获取窗口状态 (或详细信息) 可能与浏览器设置的值不匹配.\nstrictFileInteractability 新功能用于是否对 类型为文件的输入(input type=file) 元素进行严格的交互性检查. 默认关闭严格性检查, 在将 元素的Send Keys 方法作用于隐藏的文件上传时, 会有控制方面的行为区别.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"双因素认证","tags":[],"description":"","content":"双因素认证通常简写成 2FA 是一种一次性密码（OTP）通常用在移动应用上例如“谷歌认证器”， “微软认证器”等等，或者通过短信或者邮件来认证。在Selenium自动化中这些都是影响有效自动化 的极大挑战。虽然也有一些方法可以自动化这些过程，但是同样对于Selenium自动化也引入了很多不安全因素。 所以你应该要避免对2FA自动化。\n这里有一些对于如何绕过2FA校验的建议：\n 在测试环境中对特定用户禁止2FA校验，这样对于这些特定用户可以直接进行自动化测试。 禁止2FA校验在测试环境中。 对于特定IP区域禁止2FA校验，这样我们可以配置测试机器的IP在这些白名单区域中。  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"安装 Selenium 库","tags":[],"description":"","content":"首先，您需要为自动化项目安装 Selenium 绑定库。 库的安装过程取决于您选择使用的语言。\nJava 可以使用 Maven 安装 Java 的 Selenium 库。 在项目 pom.xml 中添加 selenium-java 依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 依赖项支持在所有 Selenium 支持的浏览器中运行自动化项目。 如果只想在特定的浏览器中运行测试，可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加该浏览器的依赖项。 例如，您应该在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项，以便于只在 Firefox 中运行测试：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 同样，如果您只想在 Chrome 上运行测试，您应该添加以下依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python 可以使用 pip 安装 Python 的 Selenium 库：\npip install selenium 或者，您也可以下载 PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) 并使用 setup.py 进行安装：\npython setup.py install C# 可以使用 NuGet 安装 C# 的 Selenium 库：\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby 可以使用 gem 安装 Ruby 的 Selenium 库：\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript 可以使用 npm 安装 JavaScript 的 Selenium 库\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/","title":"快速浏览","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 不仅仅是一个工具或 API, 它还包含许多工具.\nWebDriver 如果您开始使用桌面网站测试自动化, 那么您将使用 WebDriver APIs. WebDriver 使用浏览器供应商提供的浏览器自动化 API 来控制浏览器和运行测试. 这就像真正的用户正在操作浏览器一样. 由于 WebDriver 不要求使用应用程序代码编译其 API, 因此它本质上不具有侵入性. 因此, 您测试的应用程序与实时推送的应用程序相同.\nSelenium IDE Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境) 是用来开发 Selenium 测试用例的工具. 这是一个易于使用的 Chrome 和 Firefox 浏览器扩展, 通常是开发测试用例最有效率的方式. 它使用现有的 Selenium 命令记录用户在浏览器中的操作, 参数由元素的上下文确定. 这不仅节省了开发时间, 而且是学习 Selenium 脚本语法的一种很好的方法.\nGrid Selenium Grid允许您在不同平台的不同机器上运行测试用例. 可以本地控制测试用例的操作, 当测试用例被触发时, 它们由远端自动执行.\n当开发完WebDriver测试之后, 您可能需要在多个浏览器和操作系统的组合上运行测试. 这就是 Grid 的用途所在.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"服务网格的组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"转发器(hub)  中间人和管理者 接受请求 执行测试任务 接受客户端的指示并在远程节点上执行任务 管理进程  转发器(hub) 是一个接受所有所有测试任务的中心节点。 每个Selenium服务网格包含一个转发器(hub)。转发器(hub)需要能被所有的客户机（比如：持续集成服务器，开发机等等）访问到。 转发器(hub)会连接1个或者多个节点，这些节点会代理执行测试任务。\n节点  浏览器会被安装在节点上 节点会把自己注册在转发器(hub)上并申报自己作为测试代理的能力\u0008(有些什么浏览器，每个浏览器可以运行几个实例等等) 接受转发器(hub)的指示并执行这些指示  节点 和不同的Selenium实例，他们能够在特定的计算机系统上执行测试。 一个服务网格中可以有很多节点。 这些终端设备并不需要使用统一的平台(或者说操作系统)也不需要选择相同的浏览器。 一个Windows节点可以提供IE作为一个浏览器选项来执行测试，然而Linux和MAC是不可能提供的。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"服务网格的组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Router 路由器负责将请求转发到正确的组件.\n它是网格的入口,所有外部请求都将借此被网格接收. 路由器的行为取决于请求. 如果是新的会话请求, 则路由器会将其转发到分发服务器 (将在其中处理并创建新的会话). 如果请求属于存量会话,则路由器会将会话ID发送到会话集合, 会话集合将返回会话正在运行的节点. 此后, 路由器会将请求转发到节点.\n路由器旨在通过将请求发送到能够更好地处理请求的组件, 来平衡网格中的负载, 从而避免过程中任何组件无谓地过载.\nDistributor 分发器知道所有节点及其功能. 它的主要作用是接收新的会话请求 并找到可以在其中创建会话的适当节点. 创建会话后, 分发器在会话集合中存储会话ID与正在执行会话的节点之间的关系.\nNode 一个节点可以在网格中出现多次. 每个节点负责管理其运行机器的可用浏览器的插槽.\n节点通过事件总线将其自身注册到分发服务器, 并且将其配置作为注册消息的组成部分一起发送.\n默认情况下, 节点会自动注册运行它的计算机路径上所有可用的浏览器驱动程序. 它还为基于Chromium的浏览器和Firefox的每个可用的CPU都创建插槽. 对于Safari和Internet Explorer, 则仅创建一个插槽. 通过特定的配置, 它可以在Docker容器中运行会话. 您可以在下一 章节 中查看更多配置详细信息.\n节点仅执行接收到的命令, 它不进行评估、做出判断或控制任何事情. 运行节点的计算机不需要与其他组件具有相同的操作系统. 例如, Windows节点可以具有将Internet Explorer作为浏览器选项的功能, 而在Linux或Mac上则无法实现.\n会话表 会话表是一种数据存储的方式, 用于保存会话id和会话运行的节点的信息. 它作为路由支持, 在向节点转发请求的过程中起作用. 路由将通过会话表获取与会话id关联的节点.\n新的会话队列器, 新的会话队列 新的会话队列器是唯一可以与新会话队列通信的组件. 它处理所有的诸如添加这样操纵队列的操作. 它具有用于设置请求超时和请求重试间隔的可配置参数.\n新的会话队列器从路由器接收新会话请求 并将其添加到队列中. 队列一直等待直到获取了请求的响应. 如果请求超时, 请求将立即被拒绝, 并且不会添加到队列中.\n成功地将请求添加到队列后, 事件总线将触发一个事件. 分发服务器接收此事件并轮询队列. 此时, 将尝试创建一个会话.\n如果所请求的功能不存在于任何已注册的节点中, 那么请求将立即被拒绝, 并且客户端将收到响应.\n如果请求的功能与任何节点插槽的功能匹配, 分发服务器将尝试获取可用插槽. 如果所有插槽都很忙, 分发服务器将要求队列器将请求添加到队列前面. 分发服务器在请求重试间隔之后再次接收请求. 它将尝试重试, 直到请求成功或超时. 如果请求在重试或添加到队列前面时超时, 则其将被拒绝.\n在获得可用的插槽和会话创建之后, 分发服务器通过事件总线将新会话响应传递给新会话队列器. 新的会话队列器将在接收到事件时响应给客户端.\n事件总线 事件总线充当节点、分发服务器、新的会话队列器和会话表之间的通信路径. 网格通过消息进行大部分内部通信, 避免了昂贵的HTTP调用. 当以完全分布式模式启动网格时, 事件总线是应该启动的第一个组件.\n网格中的角色 在网格3中, 组件是集线器和节点, 可以通过以独立模式启动网格来一起运行它们. Grid 4中提供了相同的概念, 可以通过对上述某些组件进行分组来运行集线器, 也可以在独立模式下一起运行所有组件.\nHub 集线器是以下组件的结合:\n 路由器 分发器 会话集合 事件总线  它启用传统集线器和节点(们)的设置.\nStandalone 如前所述, 独立模式是所有组件的结合, 并且在用户看来, 它们作为一个组件执行. 这包括集线器的部分组件, 再加上一个节点. 在独立模式下启动后, 可以使用一个功能齐全的网格.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"消费级浏览器 当前Selenium框架支持以下浏览器:\n   浏览器 维护者 支持的版本     Chrome Chromium 所有版本   Firefox Mozilla 54及以上版本   Edge Microsoft 84及以上版本   Internet Explorer Selenium 6及以上版本   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5及以上版本   Safari Apple 10及以上版本    专业级浏览器 还有一些通常在开发环境中使用的专业级浏览器。 我们也可以使用其中一些浏览器实现自动化的目的， Selenium支持以下专业驱动:\n   驱动名称 用途 维护者     HtmlUnitDriver Rhino支持的无头浏览器模拟器 Selenium项目组    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"版权和归属","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium文档 Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\n我们已尽一切努力使本文档尽可能完整和准确, 但难以保证一定适用. 信息提供是基于“as-is”的. 若本文档所含信息引起的任何损失或损害, 作者和出版者对所有个人或实体均不承担任何责任. 不承担任何与使用本文信息相关的专利责任.\n归属 感谢: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; 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flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @corevo2445 commits  @tourdedave610 commits  @baimao843788 commits  @Jongkeun51 commits  @petermouse36 commits  @LinYunWen36 commits  @zavelevsky34 commits  @xdennisx15 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @raju24912 commits  @dependabot[bot]11 commits  @dvd9006 commits  @manoj97883 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @zewa6663 commits  @diemol2 commits  @lukeis2 commits  @Meir0172 commits  @toshiya2 commits  @marknoble2 commits  @amitzur1 commits  @aplorenzen1 commits  @p26351 commits  @avoid3d1 commits  @sotayamashita1 commits  @samitbadle1 commits  @swes11171 commits  @vivrichards6001 commits  @bolasblack1 commits  @peter-kehl1 commits   Docker Selenium .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; 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Docs .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @harsha509362 commits  @selenium-ci323 commits  @diemol318 commits  @alaahong64 commits  @boris77932 commits  @kzhirata30 commits  @alenros28 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @manoj978820 commits  @jmartinezpoq18 commits  @ivanrodjr17 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @pujagani13 commits  @sindhudiddi12 commits  @hiroksarker10 commits  @nwintop8 commits  @connerT6 commits  @Greavox6 commits  @liushilive6 commits  @nainappa5 commits  @hyanx5 commits  @lvninety5 commits  @barancev4 commits  @kjayachandra20004 commits  @ant91124 commits  @TritzA3 commits  @Arc-Jung3 commits  @ArCiGo3 commits  @gnatcatcher-bg3 commits  @gustavoefeiche3 commits  @Madh933 commits  @rajeevbarde3 commits  @raju2493 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @takeya0x863 commits  @TestOpsCloudchen3 commits  @cambiph3 commits  @twinstae3 commits  @Tolerblanc3 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @bongosway2 commits  @kapilyadav12042 commits  @mookkiah2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @natanportilho2 commits  @pallavigitwork2 commits  @rahuljhakant2 commits  @titusfortner2 commits  @urig2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  @coodjokergl2 commits  @imba-tjd2 commits  @0420syj2 commits  @k198107032 commits  @abhi28101 commits  @abhishek-malani1 commits  @adithyab941 commits  @alexako1 commits  @vinogradoff1 commits  @amirmojiry1 commits  @sahajamit1 commits  @beatfactor1 commits  @fiveych1 commits  @Archibaald-dev1 commits  @BlazerYoo1 commits  @Catalin-Negru1 commits  @stakato20051 commits  @cjayswal1 commits  @SalmonMode1 commits  @dbudim1 commits  @dylanlive1 commits  @fastrde1 commits  @f-g-s1 commits  @f97gujo1 commits  @Haifischbecken1 commits  @HollowMan61 commits  @joft-ware1 commits  @itconsultant1 commits  @onaeonae11 commits  @jsoref1 commits  @Juan-Arano1 commits  @idkaryan1 commits  @madarche1 commits  @skyhirider1 commits  @marknoble1 commits  @bisforum1 commits  @Michael4d451 commits  @mherrmann1 commits  @misiekofski1 commits  @muditlambda1 commits  @nikhil-lambda1 commits  @TheTestLynx1 commits  @OndraM1 commits  @palbr1 commits  @Peyton881 commits  @MindScriptAct1 commits  @RustyNail1 commits  @Saketspradhan1 commits  @shucon1 commits   Previous Selenium Website .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @lukeis417 commits  @shs96c91 commits  @tourdedave89 commits  @pgrandje79 commits  @barancev63 commits  @lightbody59 commits  @ajayk40 commits  @tarun3kumar40 commits  @ddavison36 commits  @davehunt26 commits  @manoj978824 commits  @peter-kehl22 commits  @lmtierney21 commits  @samitbadle21 commits  @santiycr19 commits  @illicitonion17 commits  @pnewhook14 commits  @AutomatedTester12 commits  @rasmusbergpalm11 commits  @juangj11 commits  @lukeis-sfdc10 commits  @andreastt7 commits  @hugs6 commits  @jarib5 commits  @jimevans5 commits  @llaskin5 commits  @PaulKC5 commits  @titusfortner5 commits  @corevo5 commits  @diemol3 commits  @asashour2 commits  @oleksandr-lobunets2 commits  @alex-savchuk2 commits  @javabrett2 commits  @darrincherry2 commits  @eranmes2 commits  @hazmeister2 commits  @julianharty2 commits  @mikemelia2 commits  @paul-hammant2 commits  @labkey-tchad2 commits  @abhijain26182 commits  @agabrys1 commits  @azawawi1 commits  @alb-i9861 commits  @hollingsworthd1 commits  @dylans1 commits  @EmidioStani1 commits  @FagnerMartinsBrack1 commits  @Xaeroxe1 commits  @JamesZoft1 commits  @jleyba1 commits  @JasnoWa1 commits  @JustAGuyTryingToCodeSomething1 commits  @kdamball1 commits  @laurin11 commits  @klamping1 commits  @krmahadevan1 commits  @krosenvold1 commits  @mmerrell1 commits  @grawk1 commits  @mcavigelli1 commits  @michaelwowro1 commits  @muralidharand1 commits  @meeroslaph1 commits  @NickAb1 commits  @ohadschn1 commits  @oifland1 commits  @rbri1 commits  @roydekleijn1 commits  @QuinnWilton1 commits  @smatei1 commits  @harrissAvalon1 commits  @stevedesmond-ca1 commits  @Vimal-N1 commits  @yasinguzel1 commits  @tobecrazy1 commits  @Zearin1 commits  @beckendorff1 commits  @daveOrleans1 commits  @androiddriver1 commits  @mauk811 commits  @pharry221 commits  @prab21121 commits  @refactoror1 commits  @rogerdc1 commits  @tibord1 commits  @ygmarchi1 commits   Previous Documentation Rewrite Project .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @andreastt197 commits  @selenium-ci105 commits  @diemol54 commits  @hazmeister30 commits  @santiycr27 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @lukeis21 commits  @harsha50917 commits  @ddavison16 commits  @davehunt12 commits  @manoj978812 commits  @orieken12 commits  @djangofan12 commits  @liushilive8 commits  @User2534897 commits  @jimholmes6 commits  @imba-tjd6 commits  @mmerrell6 commits  @shs96c6 commits  @picimako5 commits  @vijay445 commits  @cambiph5 commits  @nvonop4 commits  @rivlinp4 commits  @sheg4 commits  @bizob28284 commits  @detro3 commits  @Ardesco3 commits  @TheTestLynx3 commits  @boris7792 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @juperala2 commits  @lmtierney2 commits  @systemboogie2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @sri852 commits  @hoanluu2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  @paul-barton2 commits  @adithyab941 commits  @alenros1 commits  @p0deje1 commits  @AJ-721 commits  @abotalov1 commits  @bhardin1 commits  @chamiz1 commits  @dennybiasiolli1 commits  @donhuvy1 commits  @bongosway1 commits  @nicegraham1 commits  @f97gujo1 commits  @austenjt1 commits  @kmcgon1 commits  @MartinDelille1 commits  @michael-coleman1 commits  @misiekofski1 commits  @MilanMasek1 commits  @rakib-amin1 commits  @NRezek1 commits  @nikai3d1 commits  @OndraM1 commits  @sourabhkt1 commits  @whhone1 commits  @yarix1 commits  @ZbigniewZabost1 commits  @agmen1 commits  @hking-shutterfly1 commits  @jimevans1 commits  @9484624481 commits  @marilyn1 commits  @riccione1 commits  @tungla1 commits  @zeljkofilipin1 commits   Selenium文档项目使用的第三方软件:    软件 版本 许可     Hugo v0.66.0 Apache 2.0   Hugo Learn Theme v2.5.0 MIT   Code Tabs Style \u0026mdash; MIT    许可 源自Selenium项目的所有代码和文档均基于Apache2.0的许可, 由 Software Freedom Conservancy 作为版权所有者.\n为方便起见, 此处包含许可证, 您也可以在此查看 Apache 基金会站点:\nApache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. \u0026#34;License\u0026#34; shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. \u0026#34;Licensor\u0026#34; shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. \u0026#34;Legal Entity\u0026#34; shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. 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We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same \u0026#34;printed page\u0026#34; as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \u0026#34;License\u0026#34;); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \u0026#34;AS IS\u0026#34; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"目的和主要功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":" 为所有的测试提供统一的入口 管理和控制运行着浏览器的节点/环境 扩展 并行测试 跨平台(操作系统)测试 负载测试  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"配置帮助","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Help命令显示基于当前代码实现的信息. 因此, 如果文档没有更新, 它将提供准确的信息. 这是了解任何新版本Grid4配置的最便捷方法.\n信息命令 Info命令提供以下主题的详细文档:\n 配置Selenium 安全 会话表配置 追踪  配置帮助 通过运行以下命令快速获取配置帮助:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config 安全 获取构建网格服务器的详细信息, 用于安全通信和节点注册.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security 会话表配置 默认情况下, 网格使用本地会话表来存储会话信息. 网格支持额外的存储选项, 比如Redis和JDBC-SQL支持的数据库. 要设置不同的会话存储, 请使用以下命令获取设置步骤:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap 基于OpenTelemetry和Jaeger的追踪配置 默认情况下, 追踪是启用的. 要通过Jaeger导出追踪并将其可视化, 请使用以下命令进行说明:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing 列出Selenium网格的命令 java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help 上述命令将显示所有可用的命令及其描述.\n组件帮助命令 在Selenium后面键入\u0026ndash;help的配置选项, 以获取特定组件的配置信息.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help 队列器 java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"验证码","tags":[],"description":"","content":"验证码 (CAPTCHA), 是 全自动区分计算机和人类的图灵测试 (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) 的简称, 是被明确地设计用于阻止自动化的, 所以不要尝试!\n规避验证码的检查, 主要有两个策略:\n 在测试环境中禁用验证码 添加钩子以允许测试绕过验证码  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"什么时候应该使用服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常来说，有2个原因你需要使用服务网格。\n 在多种浏览器，多种版本的浏览器，不同操作系统里的浏览器里执行你的测试 缩短完成测试的时间  服务网格通过使用多台终端机器来并行执行测试，以达到加速测试执行的目的。 比如的测试套件里包含100个测试，你的服务网格支持4种不同的终端（虚拟机或者独立的物理设备） 来执行这些测试，相比你只有一台终端来执行，你的测试套件只需要4分之1的时间。 在一些大型测试套件，或者一些长时间执行的测试比如执行大量的数据校验，这样做会节约大量的时间。 一些测试会需要几个小时。另一个改善的动力来自缩短这种耗时的测试的是为了开发人员从提交代码到获得测试结果的期间。软件开发团队实践敏捷开发时期望尽可能早的得到测试反馈，而不是一晚一晚的等测试通过。\n服务网格也会被用来支持在不同的运行环境的测试，比如，在同一实践针对不同浏览器的测试。 比如，一个由虚拟机组成的服务网格，每一个终端机可以支持一个不同的应用程序需要支持的浏览器。 比如终端1有IE8，终端2有IE9，终端3有最新的Chrmoe，终端4有最新的Firefox。当所有的测试套件都执行了， Selenium服务网格会接受每个测试浏览器组合的要求，然后安排每个测试被执行在所要求的浏览器上。\n另外，一个服务网格可以包含同样的浏览器，类型，版本。比如，你可以有一个包含4台终端，没个终端包含3个 Firefox70的实例的网格，提供了一个服务器集群提供可用的Firefox实例。当测试套件被执行的时候，每个被提交进服务网格的测试会被分发到可用的Firefox实例。在这个情况下，同一时间可以有12个测试被并行的执行， 显著的缩短的整个测试完成的时间。\n服务网格是弹性的。这2个例子可以被组合来创建多种实例的浏览器和版本。通过配置，可以提供并行执行以加速测试，或者支持多种浏览器版本的模拟2中能力。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/","title":"介绍","tags":[],"description":"","content":"介绍 Selenium 是一系列工具和库的综合项目，这些工具和库支持 web 浏览器的自动化。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"从RC迁移到WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"如何迁移到Selenium WebDriver 在采用Selenium 2时, 一个常见的问题是, 在将新测试添加到现有测试集中时, 正确的做法是什么? 刚接触框架的用户可以通过使用新的WebDriver API编写测试开始. 但是, 已经拥有一套现有测试的用户又该如何呢? 本指南旨在演示如何将现有测试迁移到新的API, 从而允许使用WebDriver提供的新功能编写所有新测试.\n此处介绍的方法描述了向WebDriver API的零星迁移, 而无需一次大刀阔斧地重新进行所有工作. 这意味着您可以留出更多时间来迁移现有测试, 这可以使您更轻松地决定将精力花在哪里.\n本指南使用Java编写, 因为它为迁移提供了最佳支持. 由于我们为其他语言提供了更好的工具, 因此本指南将扩展为包括这些语言.\n为什么要迁移到WebDriver 将一组测试从一个API移到另一个API需要大量的工作. 为什么您和您的团队考虑采取此举? 这是您应考虑迁移Selenium测试以使用WebDriver的一些原因.\n 较小, 紧凑的API. WebDriver的API比原始的Selenium RC API更面向对象. 这样可以更轻松地使用. 更好地模拟用户交互. WebDriver在可能的情况下利用本机事件与网页进行交互. 这更紧密地模仿了您的用户使用您的网站和应用程序的方式. 此外, WebDriver提供了高级的用户交互API, 使您可以为与网站的复杂交互建模. 浏览器供应商的支持. Opera, Mozilla和Google都是WebDriver开发的积极参与者, 并且各自都有工程师致力于改善框架. 通常, 这意味着对WebDriver的支持已包含在浏览器本身中： 您的测试运行得尽可能快且稳定.  在开始之前 为了使迁移过程尽可能轻松, 请确保所有测试都在最新的Selenium版本中正常运行. 这听起来似乎显而易见, 但是最好说一下!\n开始上手 开始迁移的第一步是更改获取Selenium实例的方式. 使用Selenium RC时, 就像这样:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); 应该这样替换:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); 下一步 一旦测试成功执行, 下一步就是迁移实际的测试代码以使用WebDriver API. 根据代码的抽象程度, 这可能是一个短暂的过程, 也可能是一个漫长的过程. 在这两种情况下, 方法都是相同的, 可以简单地总结一下：修改代码以在使用新API时进行编辑.\n如果您需要从Selenium实例中提取基础WebDriver实现, 则只需将其强制转换为WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); 这使您可以继续正常传递Selenium实例, 但可以根据需要解包WebDriver实例.\n有时, 您的代码库将主要使用较新的API. 此时, 您可以翻转关系, 使用WebDriver并按需实例化Selenium实例:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); 常见问题 幸运的是, 您不是第一个进行此迁移的人, 因此这里有其他人已经看到的一些常见问题以及如何解决它们.\n单击和键入更加完整 Selenium RC测试中的常见模式如下所示:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); 这依赖于以下事实： \u0026ldquo;类型\u0026quot;仅替换所标识元素的内容, 而不触发用户与页面进行交互时通常会触发的所有事件. 最后的\u0026quot;key*\u0026ldquo;直接调用导致JS处理程序按预期方式触发.\n使用WebDriverBackedSelenium时, 填写表单字段的结果将是\u0026quot;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;： 并非您所期望的! 这样做的原因是WebDriver更准确地模拟了用户行为, 因此一直会触发事件.\n相同的事实有时可能会导致页面加载比Selenium 1测试中更早触发. 如果WebDriver抛出\u0026quot;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo;, 您可以说这已经发生.\nWaitForPageToLoad很快返回 发现何时完成页面加载是一项艰巨的任务. 我们的意思是\u0026quot;何时触发加载事件\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时完成所有AJAX请求\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时没有网络流量\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时document.readyState发生更改\u0026rdquo; 或其他所有内容?\nWebDriver试图模拟原始的Selenium行为, 但是由于种种原因, 这种方法并不总是能完美发挥作用. 最常见的原因是, 很难区分在尚未开始的页面加载与在方法调用之间完成的页面加载之间的区别. 有时这意味着在页面完成（甚至开始!）加载之前, 控件已返回测试.\n解决方案是等待特定的东西. 通常, 这可能是您想与之交互的元素, 或者是将某些Javascript变量设置为特定值. 一个例子是:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); 其中\u0026quot;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026quot;实现为:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } 这看起来很复杂, 但这几乎是所有样板代码. 唯一有趣的一点是, 将反复评估\u0026quot;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo;, 直到\u0026quot;apply\u0026quot;方法返回的结果既不是\u0026quot;null\u0026rdquo; 也不是Boolean.FALSE.\n当然, 添加所有这些\u0026quot;等待\u0026quot;调用可能会使您的代码混乱. 如果是这样, 并且您的需求很简单, 请考虑使用隐式等待:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 这样, 每次定位某个元素时（如果不存在该元素）, 都会重试该位置, 直到该元素存在或经过30秒为止.\n通过XPath或CSS选择器查找并不总是可行, 但在Selenium 1中却可以 在Selenium 1中, xpath通常使用捆绑的库而不是浏览器本身的功能. 除非没有其他选择, 否则WebDriver将始终使用本机浏览器方法. 这意味着复杂的xpath表达式可能会在某些浏览器上中断.\nSelenium 1中的CSS选择器是使用Sizzle库实现的. 这实现了CSS Selector规范的超集, 而且并不总是清楚您越界的位置. 如果您使用的是WebDriverBackedSelenium, 并且使用Sizzle定位器而不是CSS选择器来查找元素, 则会在控制台上记录一条警告. 值得花时间去寻找这些东西, 尤其是如果由于找不到元素而导致测试失败时.\n没有Browserbot Selenium RC是基于Selenium Core的, 因此, 当您执行Javascript时, 可以访问Selenium Core的某些部分以使事情变得容易. 由于WebDriver不基于Selenium Core, 因此不再可能. 如何判断您是否正在使用Selenium Core?简单! 只要看看您的\u0026quot;getEval\u0026quot;或类似调用是否在评估的Javascript中使用\u0026quot;Selenium\u0026quot;或\u0026quot;browserbot\u0026rdquo;.\n您可能正在使用browserbot获取测试的当前窗口或文档的句柄. 幸运的是, WebDriver总是在当前窗口的上下文中评估JS, 因此您可以直接使用\u0026quot;window\u0026quot;或\u0026quot;document\u0026rdquo;.\n另外, 您可能正在使用browserbot查找元素. 在WebDriver中, 这样做的习惯是首先找到该元素, 然后将其作为参数传递给Javascript. 从而:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); 变成:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); 请注意, 传入的\u0026quot;element\u0026quot;变量如何显示为JS标准\u0026quot;arguments\u0026quot;数组中的第一项.\n执行JavaScript不会返回任何内容 WebDriver的JavascriptExecutor将包装所有JS并将其评估为匿名表达式. 这意味着您需要使用\u0026quot;return\u0026quot;关键字:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); 变成:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"关于测试自动化","tags":[],"description":"","content":"首先，问问自己是否真的需要使用浏览器。 在某些情况下，如果您正在开发一个复杂的 web 应用程序， 您需要打开一个浏览器并进行实际测试，这种可能性是很大的。\n然而，诸如 Selenium 之类的功能性最终用户测试运行起来很昂贵。 此外，它们通常需要大量的基础设施才能有效运行。 经常问问自己，您想要测试的东西是否可以使用更轻量级的测试方法（如单元测试）完成， 还是使用较低级的方法完成，这是一个很好的规则。\n一旦确定您正在进行Web浏览器测试业务， 并且您的 Selenium 环境已经准备好开始编写测试， 您通常会执行以下三个步骤的组合：\n 设置数据 执行一组离散的操作 评估结果  您需要尽可能缩短这些步骤; 一到两个操作在大多数时间内应该足够了。 浏览器自动化具有“脆弱”的美誉， 但实际上那是因为用户经常对它要求过高。 在后面的章节中，我们将回到您可以使用的技术， 为了缓解测试中明显的间歇性问题， 特别是如何克服 浏览器 和 WebDriver 之间的竞争条件。\n通过保持测试简短并仅在您完全没有替代方案时使用Web浏览器，您可以用最小的代码片段来完成很多测试。\nSelenium测试的一个显著优势是，它能够从用户的角度测试应用程序的所有组件（从后端到前端）。 因此，换句话说，虽然功能测试运行起来可能很昂贵，但它们同时也包含了大量关键业务部分。\n测试要求 如前所述，Selenium 测试运行起来可能很昂贵。 在多大程度上取决于您正在运行测试的浏览器， 但历史上浏览器的行为变化太大，以至于通常是针对多个浏览器进行交叉测试的既定目标。\nSelenium 允许您在多个操作系统上的多个浏览器上运行相同的指令， 但是对所有可能的浏览器、它们的不同版本以及它们所运行的许多操作系统的枚举将很快成为一项繁重的工作。\n让我们从一个例子开始 Larry 写了一个网站，允许用户订购他们自己定制的独角兽。\n一般的工作流程(我们称之为“幸福之路”)是这样的:\n 创建一个账户 配置他们的独角兽 添加到购物车 检验并付款 给出关于他们独角兽的反馈  编写一个宏大的 Selenium 脚本来执行所有这些操作是很诱人的 — 很多人都会尝试这样做。 抵制诱惑！ 这样做会导致测试: a) 需要很长时间; b) 会受到一些与页面呈现时间问题有关的常见问题的影响; c) 如果失败，它不会给出一个简洁的、“可检查”的方法来诊断出了什么问题。\n测试此场景的首选策略是将其分解为一系列独立的、快速的测试，每个测试都有一个存在的“理由”。\n假设您想测试第二步： 配置您的独角兽。 它将执行以下操作:\n 创建一个帐户 配置一个独角兽  请注意，我们跳过了这些步骤的其余部分， 在完成这一步之后，我们将在其他小的、离散的测试用例中测试工作流的其余部分。\n首先，您需要创建一个帐户。在这里您可以做出一些选择：\n 您想使用现有帐户吗? 您想创建一个新帐户吗? 在配置开始之前，是否需要考虑有任何特殊属性的用户需要吗?  不管您如何回答这个问题， 解决方案是让它成为测试中“设置数据”部分的一部分 - 如果 Larry 公开了一个 API， 使您(或任何人)能够创建和更新用户帐户， 一定要用它来回答这个问题 请确保使用这个 API 来回答这个问题 — 如果可能的话， 您希望只有在您拥有一个用户之后才启动浏览器，您可以使用该用户的凭证进行登录。\n如果每个工作流的每个测试都是从创建用户帐户开始的，那么每个测试的执行都会增加许多秒。 调用 API 并与数据库进行通信是快速、“无头”的操作， 不需要打开浏览器、导航到正确页面、点击并等待表单提交等昂贵的过程。\n理想情况下，您可以在一行代码中处理这个设置阶段，这些代码将在任何浏览器启动之前执行:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     您可以想象，UserFactory可以扩展为提供诸如createAdminUser()、createUserWithPayment()的方法。 关键是，这两行代码不会分散您对此测试的最终目的的注意力： 配置独角兽。\n页面对象模型 的复杂性将在后面的章节中讨论，但我们将在这里介绍这个概念：\n您的测试应该由操作组成，从用户的角度出发，在站点的页面上下文中执行。 这些页面被存储为对象， 其中包含关于 web 页面如何组成以及如何执行操作的特定信息 — 作为测试人员，您应该很少关注这些信息。\n您想要什么样的独角兽? 您可能想要粉红色，但不一定。 紫色最近很流行。 她需要太阳镜吗? 明星纹身? 这些选择虽然困难，但是作为测试人员， 您的主要关注点是 — 您需要确保您的订单履行中心将正确的独角兽发送给正确的人，而这就要从这些选择开始。\n请注意，我们在该段落中没有讨论按钮，字段，下拉菜单，单选按钮或 Web 表单。 您的测试也不应该！ 您希望像尝试解决问题的用户一样编写代码。 这是一种方法（从前面的例子继续）：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     既然您已经配置好了独角兽， 您需要进入第三步:确保它确实有效。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     请注意，测试人员在这段代码中除了谈论独角兽之外还没有做任何事情 — 没有按钮、定位器和浏览器控件。 这种对应用程序建模的方法允许您保持这些测试级别的命令不变， 即使 Larry 下周决定不再喜欢 Ruby-on-Rails， 并决定用最新的带有 Fortran 前端的 Haskell 绑定重新实现整个站点。\n为了符合站点的重新设计，您的页面对象需要进行一些小的维护，但是这些测试将保持不变。 采用这一基本设计，您将希望继续使用尽可能少的面向浏览器的步骤来完成您的工作流。 您的下一个工作流程将包括在购物车中添加独角兽。 您可能需要多次迭代此测试，以确保购物车正确地保持其状态： 在开始之前，购物车中是否有多个独角兽? 购物车能装多少? 如果您创建多个具有相同名称或特性，它会崩溃吗? 它将只保留现有的一个还是添加另一个?\n每次通过工作流时，您都希望尽量避免创建帐户、以用户身份登录和配置独角兽。 理想情况下，您将能够创建一个帐户，并通过 API 或数据库预先配置独角兽。 然后，您只需作为用户登录，找到 Sparkles，并将它添加到购物车中。\n是否自动化? 自动化总是有优势吗? 什么时候应该决定去自动化测试用例?\n自动化测试用例并不总是有利的. 有时候手动测试可能更合适. 例如，如果应用程序的用户界面，在不久的将来会发生很大变化，那么任何自动化都可能需要重写. 此外，有时根本没有足够的时间来构建自动化测试. 从短期来看，手动测试可能更有效. 如果应用程序的截止日期非常紧迫，当前没有可用的自动化测试，并且必须在特定时间范围内完成，那么手动测试是最好的解决方案.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"可观察性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"同颜色一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在测试中, 您偶尔会需要验证某事物的颜色；问题是网络上的颜色定义不是个常量. 如果有一种简单的方法可以比较颜色的十六进制与RGB呈现, 或者颜色的RGBA与HSLA呈现, 岂不美哉?\n不用担心有一个解决方案：Color 类!\n首先, 您需要导入该类:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    您现在可以开始创建颜色对象. 每个颜色对象都需要使用您颜色的字符串定义来创建. 支持的颜色定义如下:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Color类还支持在以下网址中指定的所有基本颜色定义 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     如果元素上未设置颜色, 则有时浏览器会返回“透明”的颜色值. Color类也支持此功能:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     现在, 您可以安全地查询元素以获取其颜色/背景色, 任何响应都将被正确解析并转换为有效的Color对象:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     然后, 您可以直接比较颜色对象:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     或者, 您可以将颜色转换为以下格式之一并执行静态验证:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     颜色不再是问题.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"安装 WebDriver 二进制文件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要执行项目并控制浏览器，需要安装特定于浏览器的 WebDriver 二进制文件。\n下载 WebDriver 二进制文件 并放入 系统 PATH 环境变量 中.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"排版协议","tags":[],"description":"","content":"标题大写 应该避免标题完全大写, 例如 A Very Fine Heading, 应该书写为 A very fine heading . 没有意义的大写字母或者无视拼写协议的标题, 通常会带来误解. 我们更倾向于使用句子首字母大写的 sentence case 的方式.\n行的长度 在编辑以plain HTML格式编写的文档来源时, 请将行的长度限制在72个字符以内.\n部分先进的贡献者, 使用了 semantic linefeeds, 这是一种不以HTML源码换行为基础的技术, 通过这种技术, 公众看到的内容将会在文章中以“自然断开”的方式进行分割. 换句话说, 句子之间在更符合语义的地方被分割. 不必多虑每个段落的行, 强迫它们都以明确的边距结尾, 而是可以将换行符添加到语义有断开的任何地方. (译者注：具体区别，对比本网页与原始md后，即可了解本段想表达的意思)\n通过git进行协作时, 这种技术会使提交的差异更显而易见, 但这不是我们强制贡献者使用的内容.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"文件下载","tags":[],"description":"","content":"虽然可以通过在Selenium的控制下单击浏览器的链接来开始下载, 但是API并不会暴露下载进度, 因此这是一种不理想的测试下载文件的方式. 因为下载文件并非模拟用户与Web平台交互的重要方面. 取而代之的是, 应使用Selenium(以及任何必要的cookie)查找链接, 并将其传递给例如libcurl这样的HTTP请求库.\nHtmlUnit driver 可以通过实现AttachmentHandler 接口将附件作为输入流进行访问来下载附件. 可以将AttachmentHandler添加到 HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"第三方驱动和插件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"可以通过使用插件扩展 Selenium。这里有一些由第三方创建和维护的插件。有关如何创建插件和使用的更多信息，请参考文档。\n请注意，Selenium 项目不支持、维护、托管或认可这些插件。另外，请注意，下面列出的插件不一定是 Apache 2.0 授权的。 其中一些插件在其他的免费和开源软件许可下可用；其他的只能在私有许可下使用。关于插件及其发行许可的任何问题都需要向它的开发人员提出。\n   浏览器 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪     Mozilla GeckoDriver 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪   Google Chrome Driver 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪   Opera 最新版 - 问题追踪   Microsoft Edge Driver 最新版 - 问题追踪   SafariDriver 内置 - 问题追踪    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"远程WebDriver客户端","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要运行远程WebDriver客户端, 我们首先需要连接到RemoteWebDriver. 为此, 我们将URL指向运行测试的服务器的地址. 为了自定义我们的配置, 我们设置了既定的功能. 下面是一个实例化样例, 其指向我们的远程Web服务器 www.example.com 的远程WebDriver对象, 并在Firefox上运行测试.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     为了进一步自定义测试配置, 我们可以添加其他既定的功能.\n浏览器选项 例如, 假设您想使用Chrome版本67 在Windows XP上运行Chrome:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     本地文件检测器 本地文件检测器允许将文件从客户端计算机传输到远程服务器. 例如, 如果测试需要将文件上传到Web应用程序, 则远程WebDriver可以在运行时 将文件从本地计算机自动传输到远程Web服务器. 这允许从运行测试的远程计算机上载文件. 默认情况下未启用它, 可以通过以下方式启用:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     定义上述代码后, 您可以通过以下方式在测试中上传文件:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     追踪客户端请求 此功能仅适用于Java客户端绑定 (Beta版以后). 远程WebDriver客户端向Selenium网格服务器发送请求, 后者将请求传递给WebDriver. 应该在服务器端和客户端启用跟踪, 以便端到端地追踪HTTP请求. 两端都应该有一个指向可视化框架的追踪导出器设置. 默认情况下, 对客户端和服务器都启用追踪. 若设置可视化框架Jaeger UI及Selenium Grid 4, 请参阅所需版本的追踪设置 .\n对于客户端设置, 请执行以下步骤.\nBeta 1 添加所需依赖 可以使用Maven安装追踪导出器的外部库. 在项目pom.xml中添加 opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger 和 grpc-netty 的依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 在运行客户端时添加/传递所需的系统属性 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 及以后 添加所需依赖 可以使用Maven安装追踪导出器的外部库. 在项目pom.xml中添加 opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger 和 grpc-netty 的依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 在运行客户端时添加/传递所需的系统属性 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     有关所需Selenium版本 及其外部依赖关系版本等更多信息, 请参阅追踪设置 .\n更多信息请访问:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io 配置OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid 可观测性  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"配置自己的服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"使用Selenium网格， 你需要维护你自己的基础设置来作为节点使用， 这将是一个繁重的紧张的工作，很多组织使用IaaS供应商比如Amazon EC2或者Google来提供这些基础设施。\n使用Sauce Labs或者Testing Bot这类提供了Selenium网格作为云服务的供应商也是一个选择。 当然，在你自己的硬件群运行节点也是可行的。 这一章会深入探讨如何用你自己的基础设施来运行你的服务网格，\n快速开始 这个例子会向你展示如何开始Selenium 2服务网格的转发器(hub), 然后注册WebDriver节点和Selenium 1 RC节点。 我们也会向你展示如何使用Java来使用Selenium服务网格。 这个例子里转发器和节点被运行在了同一台终端机上，当然你也可以服务selenium-server-standalone到 多台终端机。\nselenium-server-standalone 包含了运行网格所需要的转发器(hub),WebDriver和legacy RC needed, _ant_已经不是必须的了. 你可以在https://selenium.dev/downloads/.下载 selenium-server-standalone.jar\n第一步: 启动转发器(hub) 转发器(hub)是接受测试请求并分发到合适的节点的中心点。 分发是基于节点的能力的，这就意味着一个有特定需求的测试仅会被分发到能提供这个需求的节点上。\n因为一个测试所期望的能力，就如字面意思，期望，并不代表转发器(hub)能够找到一个真正满足所有期望的节点。\n打开命令行窗口，来到存放selenium-server-standalone.jar文件的地方。 启动转发器(hub)并传入-role hub作为参数来启动一个独立的服务：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub 转发器(hub)默认会监听4444端口，你也可以通过打开浏览器访问http://localhost:4444/grid/console来查看转发器(hub)的状态。\n如果需要改变默认端口，你可以添加-port加上一个数字作为参数来代表你期望监听的端口， 同时，所有其他的可选参数都可以在下面这个JSON配置文件里找到。\n你已经在上面获得了一个简单命令，当然如果你希望一些更高级的配置， 方便起见，你也可以指定一个JSON格式的配置文件来配置并启动你的转发器(hub)。 你可以这么做：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug 下面你可以看到一个配置文件hubConfig.json的例子。 我们会在第二步深入探讨怎么来提供节点配置文件。\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} 第二部: 启动节点 无论你期望你的服务网格使用新的WebDriver的功能，还是Selenium 1 RC的功能，或者2者皆有。 你都只需要使用selenium-server-standalone.jar来启动节点。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 如果不通过-port来指定端口，会选一个可用端口。你也可以在一个终端机上运行多个节点， 但是如果你这么做了，你需要意识到当你的测试使用截屏会引发你的系统内存资源和问题。\n配置节点的可选参数 正如前面提到的，作为一个向下兼容，\u0026ldquo;wd\u0026quot;和”rc”这两个角色都是节点角色的合法的自己。 当节点同时允许RC饿WebDriver的远程链接时，这些角色限制了远程连接使用的API。\n通过在命令行中设置JVM属性(_在-jar参数前_使用-D参数)，会被传递到节点里： -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\n使用JSON配置节点 你也可以使用JSON配置文件来启动服务网格节点\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json 这里是一个配置文件nodeConfig.json的例子:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } 有关于-host参数的注解\n无论是转发器还是节点，如果不指定-host参数，会默认使用0.0.0.0， 这么做会绑定终端机的所有的公共IPv4接口。如果你有一些特殊网络配置或者一些组件创建的网络接口， 建议设置-host参数，来使你的转发器或节点能够被其他终端机访问。\n指定端口 转发器默认使用TCP/IP端口4444.如果你希望改端口，请用上面提到的配置方法。\n故障排查 使用日志文件 如果需要进行高级故障排查你可以指定一个日志文件来记录系统信息。 启动Selenium服务网格的转发器(hub)或节点的时候使用-log参数。下面是一个例子：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt 使用你习惯的文本编辑器来打开日志文件(例子里用的log.txt)，查找\u0026quot;ERROR\u0026quot;日志来定位你的问题。\n使用 -debug 参数 同时，你也可以通过使用-debug来向控制台打印debug日志。 启动Selenium服务网格的转发器(hub)或节点的时候使用-debug参数。下面是一个例子：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug 提醒 Selenium服务网格需要使用合适的防火墙许可来隔离外部访问。\n如果不能有效的保护你的服务网格，可能会导致以下问题：\n 提供了一个开发的接口来访问服务网格的基础设施 你将会允许第三方来访问内部web服务和文件 你将会允许第三方来执行定制的二进制文件  请参考这篇文章Detectify, 这里给了一个很好的概要， 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置， 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。\nSelenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。 Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在Docker Selenium 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.\n前提 创建服务网格的唯一的前提是安装了Docker并能正常运行 Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"配置自己的服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4中不同的网格设置模式:  单机 Hub和Node 分布式 Docker  单机模式: 新的Selenium服务器Jar 包含运行网格所需的全部内容. 这也是最简单的模式来玩转Selenium网格. 默认情况下, 服务器将监听http://localhost:4444, 这是您应该指向的RemoteWebDriver测试URL. 服务器将从系统路径中检测可用的驱动程序.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub和Node模式: 启动Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub 注册Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true 查询Selenium网格: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \n分布式模式:   第1步: 首先, 启动事件总线, 它在后续步骤中充当到其他网格组件的通信路径.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   第2步: 启动会话映射, 其负责将会话ID到会话运行节点的映射.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   第3步: 启动新的会话队列, 它将新的会话请求添加到本地队列中. 分发服务器从队列中接收请求.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   第4步: 启动分配器. 所有节点都附加到发进程上, 作为其组成的一部分, 负责在会话的创建时分配节点.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   第5步:下一步是启动路由器, 你将暴露给网络一个地址.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   第6步: 最终，添加节点.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   通过Docker映像启动独立网格 您可以通过以下命令启动一个节点:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; 您可以启动Selenium服务器 并将其委托给docker以创建新实例:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false 提醒 Selenium服务网格需要使用合适的防火墙许可来隔离外部访问。\n如果不能有效的保护你的服务网格，可能会导致以下问题：\n 提供了一个开发的接口来访问服务网格的基础设施 你将会允许第三方来访问内部web服务和文件 你将会允许第三方来执行定制的二进制文件  请参考这篇文章Detectify, 这里给了一个很好的概要， 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置， 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。\nSelenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。 Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在Docker Selenium 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"领域特定语言","tags":[],"description":"","content":"领域特定语言 (DSL) 是一种为用户提供解决问题的表达方式的系统. 它使用户可以按照自己的术语与系统进行交互, 而不仅仅是通过程序员的语言.\n您的用户通常并不关心您网站的外观. 他们不在乎装饰, 动画或图形. 他们希望借助于您的系统, 以最小的难度使新员工融入整个流程； 他们想预订去阿拉斯加的旅行； 他们想以折扣价配置和购买独角兽. 您作为测试人员的工作应尽可能接近\u0026quot;捕捉”这种思维定势. 考虑到这一点, 我们开始着手\u0026quot;建模”您正在工作的应用程序, 以使测试脚本 (发布前用户仅有的代理) \u0026ldquo;说话”并代表用户.\n在Selenium中, DSL通常由方法表示, 其编写方式使API简单易读-它们使开发人员和干系人 (用户, 产品负责人, 商业智能专家等) 之间能够产生汇报.\n好处  可读: 业务关系人可以理解. 可写: 易于编写, 避免不必要的重复. 可扩展: 可以 (合理地) 添加功能而无需打破约定以及现有功能. 可维护: 通过将实现细节排除在测试用例之外, 您可以很好地隔离 AUT* 的修改.  Java 以下是Java中合理的DSL方法的示例. 为简便起见, 假定 driver 对象是预定义的并且可用于该方法.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } 此方法完全从测试代码中抽象出输入字段, 按钮, 单击甚至页面的概念. 使用这种方法, 测试人员要做的就是调用此方法. 这给您带来了维护方面的优势: 如果登录字段曾经更改过, 则只需更改此方法-而非您的测试.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } 郑重强调: 您的主要目标之一应该是编写一个API, 该API允许您的测试解决 当前的问题, 而不是UI的问题. 用户界面是用户的次要问题–用户并不关心用户界面, 他们只是想完成工作. 您的测试脚本应该像用户希望做的事情以及他们想知道的事情的完整清单那样易于阅读. 测试不应该考虑UI如何要求您去做.\n*AUT: 待测系统\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"驱动特定的功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox 使用FirefoxOptions定义功能 FirefoxOptions 是为Firefox浏览器定义功能(Capabilities)的新方法，通常应优先使用预期功能(DesiredCapabilities).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     设置自定义配置文件 可以为Firefox创建自定义配置文件, 如下所示.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout 在某些环境中, 当打开文件上传对话框时, Internet Explorer可能会超时. IEDriver的默认超时为1000毫秒, 但您可以使用fileUploadDialogTimeout功能来增加超时时间.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession 设置为 true时, 此功能将清除InternetExplorer所有正在运行实例的 缓存, 浏览器历史记录和Cookies (包括手动启动或由驱动程序启动的实例) . 默认情况下，此设置为 false.\n使用此功能将导致启动浏览器时性能下降, 因为驱动程序将等待直到缓存清除后再启动IE浏览器.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer驱动程序期望浏览器的缩放级别为100%, 否则驱动程序将可能抛出异常. 通过将 ignoreZoomSetting 设置为 true, 可以禁用此默认行为.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings 启动新的IE会话时是否跳过 保护模式 检查.\n如果未设置, 并且所有区域的 保护模式 设置都不同, 则驱动程序将可能引发异常.\n如果将功能设置为 true, 则测试可能会变得不稳定, 无响应, 或者浏览器可能会挂起. 但是, 到目前为止, 这仍然是第二好的选择, 并且第一选择应该 始终 是手动实际设置每个区域的保护模式设置. 如果用户正在使用此属性， 则只会给予 \u0026ldquo;尽力而为\u0026rdquo; 的支持.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent 设置为 true时, 此功能将禁止IEDriverServer的诊断输出.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE 命令行选项 Internet Explorer包含几个命令行选项, 使您可以进行故障排除和配置浏览器.\n下面介绍了一些受支持的命令行选项\n  -private : 用于在私有浏览模式下启动IE. 这适用于IE 8和更高版本.\n  -k : 在kiosk模式下启动Internet Explorer. 浏览器在一个最大化的窗口中打开, 该窗口不显示地址栏, 导航按钮或状态栏.\n  -extoff : 在无附加模式下启动IE. 此选项专门用于解决浏览器加载项问题. 在IE 7和更高版本中均可使用.\n  注意: forceCreateProcessApi 应该启用命令行参数才能正常工作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi 强制使用CreateProcess API启动Internet Explorer. 默认值为false.\n对于IE 8及更高版本, 此选项要求将 \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; 注册表值设置为0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"驱动要求","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通过 WebDriver，Selenium 支持市面上所有主流的浏览器，如 Chrom(ium)、Firefox、 Internet Explorer、Opera 和 Safari。 尽管并非所有浏览器都对远程控制提供官方支持， 但 WebDriver 尽可能使用浏览器的内置自动化支持来驱动浏览器。\nWebDriver 的目标是尽可能模拟真实用户与浏览器的交互。\n在不同的浏览器中，这可能有不同的级别。有关不同驱动程序特性的详细信息， 请参见 驱动程序特性。\n尽管所有的驱动程序共享一个面向用户的界面来控制浏览器，但它们设置浏览器会话的方式略有不同。 由于许多驱动程序实现是由第三方提供的，所以它们不包括在标准的 Selenium 发行版中。\n驱动程序实例化、配置文件管理和各种特定于浏览器的设置都是具体参数的例子，这些参数根据浏览器有 不同的需求。本节介绍了使用不同浏览器的基本要求。\n将可执行文件添加到 PATH 中 大多数驱动程序需要 Selenium 额外的可执行文件才能与浏览器通信。您可以在启动 WebDriver 之前手动指定可执行文件的存放位置，但这会使测试的可移植性降低，因为可执行文件必须位于每台 计算机上的同一位置，或包含在测试代码存储库中。\n通过将包含 WebDriver 二进制文件的文件夹添加到系统 path 环境变量中，Selenium 将能够找到其他二进制文件，而无需您的测试代码来定位驱动程序的确切位置。\n 创建一个目录来放置可执行文件，例如 C:\\WebDriver\\bin 或 /opt/WebDriver/bin 将目录添加到您的 path 中：  在 Windows 上 - 以管理员身份打开命令提示符，然后运行以下命令将目录永久添加到计算机上所有用户的路径中：    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  在 macOS 和 Linux 上的 Bash 用户 - 在终端中：  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile  现在您可以测试更改了。关闭所有打开的命令提示符，然后打开一个新的提示符。 输入您在上一步创建的文件夹中的某一个二进制文件的名称，例如： chromedriver  如果您的 PATH 配置正确，您将看到一些有关驱动程序启动的输出：  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. 您可以通过按 Ctrl + C 重新获得对命令提示符的控制。\n快速参考    浏览器 支持的操作系统 维护者 下载 问题追踪     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux 谷歌 下载 问题   火狐 Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla 下载 问题   Edge Windows 10 微软 下载 问题   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium 项目组 下载 问题   Safari macOS El Capitan 及更高版本 苹果 内置 问题   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera 下载 问题    Chromium/Chrome 要驱动 Chrome 或 Chromium，您必须下载 chromedriver 并将其放在系统路径上的文件夹中。\n在 Linux 或 macOS 上，这意味着修改 PATH 环境变量。通过执行以下命令，您可以看到由冒号分隔的目录组成的系统路径：\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin 要在路径上包含 chromedriver(如果还没有的话)，请确保包含 chromedriver 二进制文件的父目录。 下面的行将设置当前 PATH 环境变量的内容，在冒号后面添加一个额外的路径:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; 当您的路径上有 chromedriver 时，您应该可以从任何目录执行 chromedriver 可执行文件。\n要实例化 Chrome/Chromium 会话，您可以执行以下操作：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #或者使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #你自己的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     请记住，您必须设置 chromedriver 可执行文件的路径。可以使用下行代码实现：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriver 被实现为 WebDriver 远程服务器，该服务器通过公开 Chrome 的内部自动化代理接口来指示浏览器该怎么做。\n火狐浏览器 从 Selenium 3 开始，Mozilla 通过 geckodriver 接管了火狐驱动程序的实现。火狐的新驱动程序被称为 geckodriver，可与 Firefox 48 及更高版本一起使用。 由于正在开发 Firefox WebDriver，因此 Firefox 版本越新，支持越好。\n由于 geckodriver 是默认新的启动火狐浏览器的方式，您可以像 Selenium 2 那样实例化火狐浏览器:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #或者使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #你自己的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); // 你自己的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     如果您不想使用 PATH 设置 geckodriver 的位置，请在代码中设置 geckodriver 的位置：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     也可以在运行时设置属性：\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver 当前，可以通过安装 Firefox 47.0.1 或 45 ESR 并指定 marionette 功能为 false 来还原到功能更强大的旧版 Firefox 驱动程序。Firefox 的更高版本不再兼容。\nEdge Edge 是微软最新的浏览器，内置在 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2016 中。Edge 的更新与 Windows 的主要更新捆绑在一起，因此您需要下载一个与您当前安装的 Windows 版本的版本号匹配的二进制文件。 Edge 开发者网站 包含指向所有可用的二进制文件的链接。针对 EdgeDriver 实现的 bug 可以在 微软网站 中提出。如果您想针对 Edge 运行测试，但没有 Windows 10，微软在 Edge 开发者网站 上为测试人员提供了免费的虚拟机。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     如果您的路径中没有 Edge 驱动程序，您可以使用以下行设置路径:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     IE 浏览器 在 Windows 10 之前，IE 一直是微软的默认浏览器，尽管它仍被包含在 Windows 10 中。 Internet Explorer Driver 是唯一的 Selenium 项目组旨在支持 微软认为当前 版本的驱动程序。旧版本可能可以工作，但将不受支持。\n虽然 Selenium 项目为 32 位和 64 位版本的 IE 提供了二进制文件，但是 IE 10 和 11 在 64 位驱动程序上 有一些限制， 但是使用 32 位驱动程序仍然可以很好地工作。应该注意的是，由于 IE 浏览器的首选项是根据登录用户的帐户保存的， 因此需要进行一些额外的设置。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     如果 IE 浏览器驱动程序不在您的路径中，您可以使用以下行设置路径：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     微软还为 Windows 7 和 8.1 中的 IE 11 提供了一个 WebDriver 二进制版本。自 2014 年以来就没有更新过，它是基于 W3 规范的草案版本。 Jim Evans 写了一篇关于微软实现的优秀文章。\nOpera Opera 的当前版本是建立在 Chromium 引擎之上的，而 WebDriver 现在是通过闭源的 Opera Chromium 驱动程序来支持的， 它可以被添加到您的路径或作为系统属性。\n实例化一个驱动程序会话类似于 Firefox 和 Chromium：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n 首先从终端运行以下命令 时间并在提示符下键入密码以授权WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n 启用 Safari 首选项中的 Developer 菜单 从 “开发” 菜单中选择 “允许远程自动化” 选项 第一次运行时在终端输入以下命令，并在提示符处输入密码以授权 WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ 你可以使用以下代码开始一个驱动程序会话:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     那些希望在 iOS 上实现 Safari 自动化的人应该关注Appium 项目。 虽然 Safari 之前也支持 Windows，但苹果早就放弃了对它的支持，这让它成为了一个糟糕的测试平台。\n模拟浏览器 HtmlUnit HtmlUnit 是一个 “针对 Java 程序的无图形界面浏览器”。它为 HTML 文档建模，并提供一个 API， 允许您调用页面、填写表单、单击链接等。它支持 JavaScript，能够使用 AJAX 库，根据使用的配置模拟 Chrome、Firefox 或 IE。它已经迁移到一个新位置 了。 源文件保存在 svn 上。\nPhantomJS PhantomJS 是一款基于 Webkit 的无头浏览器，尽管它的版本比谷歌 Chrome 或 Safari 要老得多。虽然曾经很流行， 但现在明智的做法是避免 PhantomJS。这个项目 从 8 月 5 日起 就一直没有被维护过，所以尽管网络会继续变化，PhantomJS 也不会更新。在谷歌宣布可以无头运行 Chrome 之后，现在 Mozilla 的火狐浏览器也提供了这个功能。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner 允许您从命令行运行 Test Suites。 Test Suites 是从 Selenium IDE 或兼容工具导出的 HTML。\n公共信息   geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner 版本的组合很重要。 可能在某个地方有一个软件兼容性矩阵。\n  selenium-html-runner 只运行 Test Suite（而不是 Test Case —— 例如从 Monitis Transaction Monitor 导出的东西）。一定要遵守这个规定。\n  对于没有 DISPLAY 的 Linux 用户，您需要启动具有 Virtual DISPLAY 的 html-runner （搜索 xvfb）\n  示例 Linux 环境 安装 / 下载以下软件包：\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite 示例：\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; 如何运行 selenium-html-runner headless 现在，最重要的部分，一个如何运行 selenium-html-runner 的例子！ 您的体验可能因软件组合而异 - geckodriver / FF / html-runner 版本。\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP响应码","tags":[],"description":"","content":"对于Selenium RC中的某些浏览器配置， Selenium充当了浏览器和自动化站点之间的代理. 这意味着可以捕获或操纵通过Selenium传递的所有浏览器流量. captureNetworkTraffic() 方法旨在捕获浏览器和自动化站点之间的所有网络流量，包括HTTP响应码.\nSelenium WebDriver是一种完全不同的浏览器自动化实现， 它更喜欢表现得像用户一样，这种方式来自于基于WebDriver编写测试的方式. 在自动化功能测试中，检查状态码并不是测试失败的特别重要的细节, 之前的步骤更重要.\n浏览器将始终呈现HTTP状态代码，例如404或500错误页面. 遇到这些错误页面时，一种“快速失败”的简单方法是 在每次加载页面后检查页面标题或可信赖点的内容（例如 \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; 标签）. 如果使用的是页面对象模型，则可以将此检查置于类构造函数中或类似于期望的页面加载的位置. 有时，HTTP代码甚至可能出现在浏览器的错误页面中， 您可以使用WebDriver读取此信息并改善调试输出.\n检查网页本身的一种理想实践是符合WebDriver的呈现以及用户的视角.\n如果您坚持，捕获HTTP状态代码的高级解决方案是复刻Selenium RC的行为去使用代理. WebDriver API提供了为浏览器设置代理的功能， 并且有许多代理可以通过编程方式来操纵发送到Web服务器和从Web服务器接收的请求的内容. 使用代理可以决定如何响应重定向响应代码. 此外，并非每个浏览器都将响应代码提供给WebDriver， 因此选择使用代理可以使您拥有适用于每个浏览器的解决方案.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium 安装","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 安装 Selenium 设置与其他商业工具的设置完全不同。 要在自动化项目中使用 Selenium，您需要为您选择的语言安装语言绑定库。 此外，对于要自动运行并运行测试的浏览器，您将需要 WebDriver 二进制文件。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在Selenium 4中, 引入了新的事件API, 使用户能够在事件发生时从浏览器捕获事件, 并非WebDriver用于其他API的传统请求/响应方法.\nWebDriver将在内部创建针对浏览器的WebSocket连接, 用于传输事件和命令.\n随着Selenium项目更多地用于实际案例, 相应的API列表将不断扩充. 如果缺少API, 请提出功能请求.\n变化监测 变化监测是一种能力, 用于当特定元素的DOM发生变化时, 得以通过WebDriver BiDi捕获事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"同选择元素一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"选择元素可能需要大量样板代码才能自动化. 为了减少这种情况并使您的测试更干净, 在Selenium的support包中有一个 Select 类. 要使用它，您将需要以下导入语句:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     然后，您能够参考 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素，基于WebElement创建一个Select对象。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     Select对象现在将为您提供一系列命令，使您可以与 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素进行交互. 首先，有多种方法可以从 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素中选择一个选项.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; 有三种方法可以从上述元素中选择第一个选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     然后，您可以检视所有被选择的选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     或者您可能只对 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素包含哪些 \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; 元素感兴趣:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     如果要取消选择任何元素，现在有四个选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     最后，一些 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素允许您选择多个选项. 您可以通过使用以下命令确定您的 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素是否允许多选:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"安装独立服务器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"如果您打算使用 Grid， 那么您应该下载 selenium-server-standalone JAR 文件， 但是所有的组件都可以通过 selenium-server 提供。 standalone JAR 文件包含所有内容，包括远程 Selenium 服务器和客户端绑定。 这意味着，如果在项目中使用 selenium-server-standalone JAR，则不必添加 selenium-java 或浏览器特定的 jar。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"定位元素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"定位元素 使用 WebDriver 时要学习的最基本的技术之一是如何查找页面上的元素。 WebDriver 提供了许多内置的选择器类型，其中包括根据 id 属性查找元素:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     如示例所示，在 WebDriver 中定位元素是在 WebDriver 实例对象上完成的。 findElement(By) 方法返回另一个基本对象类型 WebElement。\n WebDriver 代表浏览器 WebElement 表示特定的 DOM 节点（控件，例如链接或输入栏等）  一旦你已经找到一个元素的引用，你可以通过对该对象实例使用相同的调用来缩小搜索范围：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     你可以这样做是因为， WebDriver 和 WebElement 类型都实现了 搜索上下文 接口。在 WebDriver 中，这称为 基于角色的接口。基于角色的接口允许你确定特定的驱动程序实现是否支持给定的功能。这些接口定义得很清楚，并且尽量只承担单一的功能。你可以阅读更多关于 WebDriver 的设计，以及在 WebDriver 中有哪些角色被支持，在其他被命名的部分。\n因此，上面使用的 By 接口也支持许多附加的定位器策略。嵌套查找可能不是最有效的定位 cheese 的策略，因为它需要向浏览器发出两个单独的命令：首先在 DOM 中搜索 id 为“cheese”的元素，然后在较小范围的上下文中搜索“cheddar”。\n为了稍微提高性能，我们应该尝试使用一个更具体的定位器：WebDriver 支持通过 CSS 定位器查找元素，我们可以将之前的两个定位器合并到一个搜索里面:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     定位多个元素 我们正在处理的文本中可能会有一个我们最喜欢的奶酪的订单列表：\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; 因为有更多的奶酪无疑是更好的，但是单独检索每一个项目是很麻烦的，检索奶酪的一个更好的方式是使用复数版本 findElements(By) 。此方法返回 web 元素的集合。如果只找到一个元素，它仍然返回(一个元素的)集合。如果没有元素被定位器匹配到，它将返回一个空列表。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     元素选择策略 在 WebDriver 中有 8 种不同的内置元素定位策略：\n   定位器 Locator 描述     class name 定位class属性与搜索值匹配的元素（不允许使用复合类名）   css selector 定位 CSS 选择器匹配的元素   id 定位 id 属性与搜索值匹配的元素   name 定位 name 属性与搜索值匹配的元素   link text 定位link text可视文本与搜索值完全匹配的锚元素   partial link text 定位link text可视文本部分与搜索值部分匹配的锚点元素。如果匹配多个元素，则只选择第一个元素。   tag name 定位标签名称与搜索值匹配的元素   xpath 定位与 XPath 表达式匹配的元素    使用选择器的提示 一般来说，如果 HTML 的 id 是可用的、唯一的且是可预测的，那么它就是在页面上定位元素的首选方法。它们的工作速度非常快，可以避免复杂的 DOM 遍历带来的大量处理。\n如果没有唯一的 id，那么最好使用写得好的 CSS 选择器来查找元素。XPath 和 CSS 选择器一样好用，但是它语法很复杂，并且经常很难调试。尽管 XPath 选择器非常灵活，但是他们通常未经过浏览器厂商的性能测试，并且运行速度很慢。\n基于链接文本和部分链接文本的选择策略有其缺点，即只能对链接元素起作用。此外，它们在 WebDriver 内部调用 XPath 选择器。\n标签名可能是一种危险的定位元素的方法。页面上经常出现同一标签的多个元素。这在调用 findElements(By) 方法返回元素集合的时候非常有用。\n建议您尽可能保持定位器的紧凑性和可读性。使用 WebDriver 遍历 DOM 结构是一项性能花销很大的操作，搜索范围越小越好。\n相对定位 在Selenium 4中带来了相对定位这个新功能，在以前的版本中被称之为\u0026quot;好友定位 (Friendly Locators)\u0026quot;。 它可以帮助你通过某些元素作为参考来定位其附近的元素。 现在可用的相对定位有：\n above 元素上 below 元素下 toLeftOf 元素左 toRightOf 元素右 near 附近  findElement 方法现在支持witTagName()新方法其可返回RelativeLocator相对定位对象。\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\n如何工作 Selenium是通过使用JavaScript函数 getBoundingClientRect() 来查找相对元素的。这个函数能够返回对应元素的各种属性例如：右，左，下，上。\n通过下面的例子我们来理解一下关于相对定位的使用\nabove() 元素上 返回当前指定元素位置上方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 元素下 返回当前指定元素位置下方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 元素左 返回当前指定元素位置左方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 元素右 返回当前指定元素位置右方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 附近 返回当前指定元素位置附近大约px5050像素的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"操控浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby 默认情况下，Ruby 没有安装在 Windows 上。下载最新版本 并运行安装程序。你可以保留所有设置的默认值，除要勾选 安装位置和可选任务 屏幕上 将 Ruby 可执行程序添加到您的系统路径 复选框外。想要驱动任何浏览器，你必须安装 selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. 打开命令提示符并输入以下命令来安装它:\ngem install selenium-webdriver 如果你使用 Bundler，添加这一行到你的应用程序的 Gemfile 中:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; 然后在命令提示符中执行以下命令：\nbundle install Internet Explorer IE 浏览器默认安装在 Windows 上，不需要再次安装。要在 Windows 上驱动 IE，您必须下载最新的 Internet Explorer 驱动程序 并将文件放入 PATH 路径中的文件夹中。要查看 PATH 路径中的目录，在命令提示符中键入 echo %PATH%。\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin 看起来是个不错的位置。解压 IEDriverServer 文件并将 IEDriverServer.exe 移动进去。\n这将打开一个新的 IE 浏览器窗口:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer 浏览器导航 打开网站 启动浏览器后你要做的第一件事就是打开你的网站。这可以通过一行代码实现:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 简便的方法 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); // 更长的方法 driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # 简便的方法 driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # 更长的方法 driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   // 简便的方法 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) // 更长的方法 driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     获取当前 URL 您可以从浏览器的地址栏读取当前的 URL，使用:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    后退 按下浏览器的后退按钮:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     前进 按下浏览器的前进键:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    刷新 刷新当前页面:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    获取标题 从浏览器中读取当前页面的标题:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    窗口和标签页 WebDriver 没有区分窗口和标签页。如果你的站点打开了一个新标签页或窗口，Selenium 将允许您使用窗口句柄来处理它。 每个窗口都有一个唯一的标识符，该标识符在单个会话中保持持久性。你可以使用以下方法获得当前窗口的窗口句柄:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    切换窗口或标签页 单击在 \u0026lt;a href=\u0026quot;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026quot;target=\u0026rdquo;_blank\u0026quot;\u0026gt;新窗口 中打开链接， 则屏幕会聚焦在新窗口或新标签页上，但 WebDriver 不知道操作系统认为哪个窗口是活动的。 要使用新窗口，您需要切换到它。 如果只有两个选项卡或窗口被打开，并且你知道从哪个窗口开始， 则你可以遍历 WebDriver， 通过排除法可以看到两个窗口或选项卡，然后切换到你需要的窗口或选项卡。\n不过，Selenium 4 提供了一个新的 api NewWindow ， 它创建一个新选项卡 (或) 新窗口并自动切换到它。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 存储原始窗口的 ID String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) {driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } // 等待新标签完成加载内容 wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # 启动驱动程序 with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # 打开网址 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # 设置等待 wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # 存储原始窗口的 ID original_window = driver.current_window_handle # 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # 单击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   // 存储原始窗口的 ID string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); // 单击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) {if(originalWindow != window) {driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   # 存储原始窗口的 ID original_window = driver.window_handle #检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1,\u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.find_element(link:\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until {driver.window_handles.length == 2} #循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until {driver.title ==\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   // 存储原始窗口的 ID const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 await driver.wait(async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; {if (handle !== originalWindow) {await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   // 存储原始窗口的 ID val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     创建新窗口(或)新标签页并且切换 创建一个新窗口 (或) 标签页，屏幕焦点将聚焦在新窗口或标签在上。您不需要切换到新窗口 (或) 标签页。如果除了新窗口之外， 您打开了两个以上的窗口 (或) 标签页，您可以通过遍历 WebDriver 看到两个窗口或选项卡，并切换到非原始窗口。\n注意: 该特性适用于 Selenium 4 及其后续版本。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # 注意：ruby 中的 new_window 只打开一个新标签页(或)窗口，不会自动切换 # 用户必须切换到新选项卡 (或) 新窗口 # 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     关闭窗口或标签页 当你完成了一个窗口或标签页的工作时，_并且_它不是浏览器中最后一个打开的窗口或标签页时，你应该关闭它并切换回你之前使用的窗口。 假设您遵循了前一节中的代码示例，您将把前一个窗口句柄存储在一个变量中。把这些放在一起，你会得到:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close() #切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.Close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close #切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switch_to.window original_window   //关闭标签页或窗口 await driver.close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close() //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     如果在关闭一个窗口后忘记切换回另一个窗口句柄，WebDriver 将在当前关闭的页面上执行，并触发一个 No Such Window Exception 无此窗口异常。必须切换回有效的窗口句柄才能继续执行。\n在会话结束时退出浏览器 当你完成了浏览器会话，你应该调用 quit 退出，而不是 close 关闭: Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()   \n 退出将会  关闭所有与 WebDriver 会话相关的窗口和选项卡 结束浏览器进程 结束后台驱动进程 通知 Selenium Grid 浏览器不再使用，以便可以由另一个会话使用它(如果您正在使用 Selenium Grid)    调用 quit() 失败将留下额外的后台进程和端口运行在机器上，这可能在以后导致一些问题。\n有的测试框架提供了一些方法和注释，您可以在测试结束时放入 teardown() 方法中。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * 使用 JUnit 的例子 * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() {driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* 使用 Visual Studio 的 UnitTesting 的例子 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() {driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * 使用 Mocha 的例子 * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () {await driver.quit(); });   /** * 使用 JUnit 的例子 * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() {driver.quit() }     如果不在测试上下文中运行 WebDriver，您可以考虑使用 try / finally，这是大多数语言都提供的， 这样一个异常处理仍然可以清理 WebDriver 会话。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver 代码… finally: driver.quit()   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver 代码… ensure driver.quit end   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {await driver.quit(); }   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.quit() }     Python 的 WebDriver 现在支持 Python 上下文管理器，当使用 with 关键字时，可以在执行结束时自动退出驱动程序。\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver 代码… # 在此缩进位置后 WebDriver 会自动退出 Frames and Iframes 框架是一种现在已被弃用的方法，用于从同一域中的多个文档构建站点布局。除非你使用的是 HTML5 之前的 webapp，否则你不太可能与他们合作。内嵌框架允许插入来自完全不同领域的文档，并且仍然经常使用。\n如果您需要使用框架或 iframe, WebDriver 允许您以相同的方式使用它们。考虑 iframe 中的一个按钮。 如果我们使用浏览器开发工具检查元素，我们可能会看到以下内容:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; 如果不是 iframe，我们可能会使用如下方式点击按钮:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 这不会工作 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 这不会工作 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 这不会工作 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # 这不会工作 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 这不会工作 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 这不会工作 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     但是，如果 iframe 之外没有按钮，那么您可能会得到一个 no such element 无此元素 的错误。 这是因为 Selenium 只知道顶层文档中的元素。为了与按钮进行交互，我们需要首先切换到框架， 这与切换窗口的方式类似。WebDriver 提供了三种切换到帧的方法。\n使用 WebElement 使用 WebElement 进行切换是最灵活的选择。您可以使用首选的选择器找到框架并切换到它。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 存储网页元素 WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); // 切换到 frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 存储网页元素 iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # 切换到选择的 iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 存储网页元素 IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); // 切换到 frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal\u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # 切换到 frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 存储网页元素 const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal\u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // 切换到 frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 存储网页元素 val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) // 切换到 frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     使用 name 或 id 如果您的 frame 或 iframe 具有 id 或 name 属性，则可以使用该属性。如果名称或 id 在页面上不是唯一的， 那么将切换到找到的第一个。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 使用 ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 通过 id 切换框架 driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 使用 ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 使用 ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // 或者使用 name 代替 await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // 现在可以点击按钮 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 使用 ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     使用索引 还可以使用frame的索引， 例如可以使用JavaScript中的 window.frames 进行查询.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # 基于索引切换到第 2 个 iframe iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # 切换到选择的 iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // 切换到第 2 个框架 await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switchTo().frame(1)     离开框架 离开 iframe 或 frameset，切换回默认内容，如下所示:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 回到顶层 driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # 切回到默认内容 driver.switch_to.default_content()   // 回到顶层 driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # 回到顶层 driver.switch_to.default_content   // 回到顶层 await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // 回到顶层 driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     窗口管理 屏幕分辨率会影响 web 应用程序的呈现方式，因此 WebDriver 提供了移动和调整浏览器窗口大小的机制。\n获取窗口大小 获取浏览器窗口的大小(以像素为单位)。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 分别获取每个尺寸 int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # 分别获取每个尺寸 width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   // 分别获取每个尺寸 int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # 分别获取每个尺寸 width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // 分别获取每个尺寸 const {width, height} = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   // 分别获取每个尺寸 val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     设置窗口大小 恢复窗口并设置窗口大小。 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({width: 1024, height: 768});   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \n得到窗口的位置 获取浏览器窗口左上角的坐标。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 分别获取每个尺寸 int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # 分别获取每个尺寸 x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   // 分别获取每个尺寸 int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // 分别获取每个尺寸 const {x, y} = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // 分别获取每个尺寸 val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     设置窗口位置 将窗口移动到设定的位置。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 await driver.manage().window().setRect({x: 0, y: 0});   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     最大化窗口 扩大窗口。对于大多数操作系统，窗口将填满屏幕，而不会阻挡操作系统自己的菜单和工具栏。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    最小化窗口 最小化当前浏览上下文的窗口. 这种命令的精准行为将作用于各个特定的窗口管理器.\n最小化窗口通常将窗口隐藏在系统托盘中.\n注意: 此功能适用于Selenium 4以及更高版本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    全屏窗口 填充整个屏幕，类似于在大多数浏览器中按下 F11。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    屏幕截图 用于捕获当前浏览上下文的屏幕截图. WebDriver端点 屏幕截图 返回以Base64格式编码的屏幕截图.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     元素屏幕截图 用于捕获当前浏览上下文的元素的屏幕截图. WebDriver端点 屏幕截图 返回以Base64格式编码的屏幕截图.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     执行脚本 在当前frame或者窗口的上下文中，执行JavaScript代码片段.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     打印页面 打印当前浏览器内的页面\n注意: 此功能需要无头模式下的Chromium浏览器\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR   driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/","title":"服务网格 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"服务网格 3 Selenium服务网格 是一个能够让Selenium的测试把命令传送到一个远程浏览器实例的职能代理服务器。 他的目的是提供一个简便的方法来在多台终端上并行的执行测试任务。\n在Selenium服务网格, 一台服务器作为转发器(hub)将JSON格式的测试命令转发到1台或多台注册的节点。 测试任务通过跟转发器(hub)的交互来操作远端浏览器实例。 转发器(hub)维护了一个可供使用的注册服务器列表，也允许我们通过转发器(hub)来控制这些实例。\nSelenium服务网格允许我们在多台节点服务器上并行执行测试， 同时也中心化的管理多个浏览器版本，多种浏览器的配置。（以替代传统的基于个人的测试）\nSelenium服务网格并不是万能的(silver bullet)。 它能够解决一些通用的代理问题和分布式的问题，但是并不能管理你的硬件，也可能不适合你的一些特殊需求。\n请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"测试的类型","tags":[],"description":"","content":"验收测试 进行这种类型的测试以确定功能或系统是否满足客户的期望和要求. 这种测试通常涉及客户的合作或反馈, 是一种验证活动, 可以用于回答以下问题：\n 我们是否在制造 正确的 产品?\n 对于Web应用程序, 可以通过模拟用户期望的行为 直接使用Selenium来完成此测试的自动化. 可以通过记录/回放, 或通过本文档中介绍的各种支持的语言来完成此类模拟. 注意：有些人可能还会提到, 验收测试是 功能测试 的子类型.\n功能测试 进行这种类型的测试是为了确定功能或系统是否正常运行而没有问题. 它会在不同级别检查系统, 以确保涵盖所有方案并且系统能够执行预期的 工作 . 这是一个验证活动, 它回答了以下问题：\n 我们是否在 正确地 制造产品？\n 这通常包括： 测试没有错误 (404, 异常…) , 以可用的方式 (正确的重定向) 正常运行, 以可访问的方式并匹配其规格 (请参见前述的 验收测试 ) .\n对于Web应用程序, 可以通过模拟预期的结果, 直接使用Selenium来完成此测试的自动化. 可以通过记录/回放或通过本文档中说明的各种支持的语言来完成此模拟.\n性能测试 顾名思义, 进行性能测试是为了衡量应用程序的性能.\n性能测试主要有两种类型:\n负载测试 进行了负载测试, 以验证应用程序在各种特定的负载 (通常是同时连接一定数量的用户) 下的运行状况\n压力测试 进行压力测试, 以验证应用程序在压力 (或高于最大支持负载) 下的运行状况.\n通常, 性能测试是通过执行一些Selenium书写的测试来完成的, 这些测试模拟了不同的用户 使用Web应用程序的特定功能 并检索了一些有意义的指标.\n通常, 这是由其他检索指标的工具完成的.\nJMeter 就是这样一种工具.\n对于Web应用程序, 要测量的详细信息包括 吞吐量、 延迟、数据丢失、单个组件加载时间\u0026hellip;\n注意1：所有浏览器的开发人员工具 均具有“性能”标签 (可通过按F12进行访问)\n注2：这属于 非功能测试 的类型, 因为它通常是按系统而不是按功能/特征进行测量.\n回归测试 此测试通常在修改, 修复或添加功能之后进行.\n为了确保所做的更改没有破坏任何现有功能, 将再次执行一些已经执行过的测试.\n重新执行的测试集可以是全部或部分, 并且可以包括几种不同的类型, 具体取决于具体的应用程序和开发团队.\n测试驱动开发 (TDD) TDD本身不是一种测试类型, 而是一种迭代开发方法, 用于测试驱动功能的设计.\n每个周期都从创建功能应通过的一组单元测试开始 (这将使首次执行失败) .\n此后, 进行开发以使测试通过. 在另一个周期开始再次执行测试, 此过程一直持续到所有测试通过为止.\n如此做的目的是基于以下情况, 既缺陷发现的时间越早成本越低, 从而加快了应用程序的开发.\n行为驱动开发 (BDD) BDD还是基于上述 (TDD) 的迭代开发方法, 其目的是让各方参与到应用程序的开发中.\n每个周期都从创建一些规范开始 (应该失败) . 然后创建会失败的单元测试 (也应该失败) , 之后着手开发.\n重复此循环, 直到所有类型的测试通过.\n为此, 使用了规范语言. 因为简单、标准和明确, 各方都应该能够理解. 大多数工具都使用 Gherkin 作为这种语言.\n目标是为了解决潜在的验收问题, 从而能够检测出比TDD还要多的错误, 并使各方之间的沟通更加顺畅.\n当前有一组工具可用于编写规范 并将其与编码功能 (例如 Cucumber 或 SpecFlow ) 匹配.\n在Selenium之上构建了一系列工具, 可通过将BDD规范直接转换为可执行代码, 使得上述过程更为迅速. 例如 JBehave, Capybara 和 Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"生成应用程序状态","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium不应用于准备测试用例. 测试用例中所有重复性动作和准备工作, 都应通过其他方法来完成.\n例如, 大多数Web UI都具有身份验证 (诸如一个登录表单) . 在每次测试之前通过Web浏览器进行登录的消除, 将提高测试的速度和稳定性. 应该创建一种方法来获取对 AUT* 的访问权限 (例如, 使用API登录并设置Cookie) . 此外, 不应使用Selenium创建预加载数据来进行测试的方法.\n如前所述, 应利用现有的API为 AUT* 创建数据. ***AUT**: 待测系统\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"配置组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"配置组件 如前几节所述, 每个网格组件都扮演着特定的角色. 因此, 可以单独配置每个网格组件. 本节介绍通用配置值和特定于组件的配置值.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录","tags":[],"description":"","content":"由于多种原因, 不建议使用WebDriver登录Gmail和Facebook等网站. 除了违反这些网站的使用条款之外 (您可能会面临帐户被关闭的风险) , 还有其运行速度缓慢且不可靠的因素.\n理想的做法是使用电子邮件供应商提供的API, 或者对于Facebook, 使用开发者工具的服务, 该服务是被用于创建测试帐户、朋友等内容的API. 尽管使用API可能看起来有些额外的工作量, 但是您将获得基于速度、可靠性和稳定性的回报. API不会频繁更改, 但是网页和HTML定位符经常变化, 并且需要您更新测试框架的代码.\n在任何时候测试使用WebDriver登录第三方站点, 都会增加测试失败的风险, 因为这会使您的测试时间更长. 通常的经验是, 执行时间较长的测试会更加脆弱和不可靠.\n符合W3C conformant 的WebDriver实现, 也会使用 WebDriver 的属性对 navigator 对象进行注释, 用于缓解拒绝服务的攻击.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL查询支持","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL 是一种用于API的查询语言, 也是用于使用现有数据完成这些查询的运行时. 其仅仅是使用户能够准确地获取所需.\n枚举 枚举是表示字段的可能值的集合.\n例如, Node对象具有一个称为status的字段. 状态是一个枚举 (特别是Status类型) , 因为它可能是UP , DRAINING 或 UNAVAILABLE.\n标量 标量是基本类型的值: Int, Float, String, Boolean, 或 ID.\n在调用GraphQL API时, 必须指定嵌套子字段, 直到只返回标量.\n模式的结构 网格模式的结构如下:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } 查询 GraphQL 查询GraphQL的最佳方法是使用curl请求. GraphQL允许您仅获取所需的数据, 仅此而已.\n下面给出了一些GraphQL查询的示例. 您可以根据需要构建自己的查询.\n查询网格中 maxSession 和 sessionCount 的数量: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 通常在本地机器上 \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 会是 http://localhost:4444/graphql\n查询全部会话、及节点以及网格的详情 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取当前网格的会话总数 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中的最大会话数量 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中所有节点的全部会话详情 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中每个节点中所有会话的插槽信息 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取给定会话的会话信息查询以获取给定会话的会话信息 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询网格中每个节点的功能 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询网格中每个节点的状态 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询每个节点和网格的 URI : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver 入门","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver 入门 Selenium 通过使用 WebDriver 支持市场上所有主流浏览器的自动化。 Webdriver 是一个 API 和协议，它定义了一个语言中立的接口，用于控制 web 浏览器的行为。 每个浏览器都有一个特定的 WebDriver 实现，称为驱动程序。 驱动程序是负责委派给浏览器的组件，并处理与 Selenium 和浏览器之间的通信。\n这种分离是有意识地努力让浏览器供应商为其浏览器的实现负责的一部分。 Selenium 在可能的情况下使用这些第三方驱动程序， 但是在这些驱动程序不存在的情况下，它也提供了由项目自己维护的驱动程序。\nSelenium 框架通过一个面向用户的界面将所有这些部分连接在一起， 该界面允许透明地使用不同的浏览器后端， 从而实现跨浏览器和跨平台自动化。\n有关驱动程序的更多详细信息，请参阅 驱动特性.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"关于这个文档","tags":[],"description":"","content":"这些文档，就像代码本身一样，100% 由 Selenium 社区中的志愿者维护。 许多人自成立以来一直在使用它，但更多人只是在短时间内使用它，并且已经花时间帮助改善新用户的入门体验。\n如果文档有问题，我们想知道！ 沟通问题的最佳方式是访问 https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues 并搜索问题是否已经提交。 如果没有，请随意打开一个！\n社区的许多成员经常光顾 Libera.chat 的 #selenium Libera 频道。 请随时来访并提出问题，如果您得到了您认为在这些文档中可能有用的帮助，请务必添加您的贡献！ 我们可以更新这些文档，但当我们从普通提交者之外获得贡献时，对每个人来说都容易得多。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/","title":"服务网格 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 是全新的实现, 并且不共享之前版本的代码库.\nGrid 4有一种实现可以利用许多新技术来促进扩展, 同时仍然允许本地执行.\n关于Grid 4组件的所有详细信息, 了解其工作原理以及如何设置自己的组件, 请浏览以下章节.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"模拟外部服务","tags":[],"description":"","content":"消除对外部服务的依赖性将大大提高测试的速度和稳定性.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/","title":"等待","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver通常可以说有一个阻塞API。因为它是一个指示浏览器做什么的进程外库，而且web平台本质上是异步的，所以WebDriver不跟踪DOM的实时活动状态。这伴随着一些我们将在这里讨论的挑战。\n根据经验，大多数由于使用Selenium和WebDriver而产生的间歇性问题都与浏览器和用户指令之间的 竞争条件 有关。例如，用户指示浏览器导航到一个页面，然后在试图查找元素时得到一个 no such element 的错误。\n考虑下面的文档：\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; 这个 WebDriver的说明可能看起来很简单:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     这里的问题是WebDriver中使用的默认页面加载策略页面加载策略听从document.readyState在返回调用 navigate 之前将状态改为\u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; 。因为p元素是在文档完成加载之后添加的，所以这个WebDriver脚本可能是间歇性的。它“可能”间歇性是因为无法做出保证说异步触发这些元素或事件不需要显式等待或阻塞这些事件。\n幸运的是，WebElement接口上可用的正常指令集——例如 WebElement.click 和 WebElement.sendKeys—是保证同步的，因为直到命令在浏览器中被完成之前函数调用是不会返回的(或者回调是不会在回调形式的语言中触发的)。高级用户交互APIs,键盘和鼠标是例外的，因为它们被明确地设计为“按我说的做”的异步命令。\n等待是在继续下一步之前会执行一个自动化任务来消耗一定的时间。\n为了克服浏览器和WebDriver脚本之间的竞争问题，大多数Selenium客户都附带了一个 wait 包。在使用等待时，您使用的是通常所说的显式等待。\n显式等待 显示等待 是Selenium客户可以使用的命令式过程语言。它们允许您的代码暂停程序执行，或冻结线程，直到满足通过的 条件 。这个条件会以一定的频率一直被调用，直到等待超时。这意味着只要条件返回一个假值，它就会一直尝试和等待\n由于显式等待允许您等待条件的发生，所以它们非常适合在浏览器及其DOM和WebDriver脚本之间同步状态。\n为了弥补我们之前的错误指令集，我们可以使用等待来让 findElement 调用等待直到脚本中动态添加的元素被添加到DOM中:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     我们将 条件 作为函数引用传递， 等待 将会重复运行直到其返回值为true。“truthful”返回值是在当前语言中计算为boolean true的任何值，例如字符串、数字、boolean、对象(包括 WebElement )或填充(非空)的序列或列表。这意味着 空列表 的计算结果为false。当条件为true且阻塞等待终止时，条件的返回值将成为等待的返回值。\n有了这些知识，并且因为等待实用程序默认情况下会忽略 no such element 的错误，所以我们可以重构我们的指令使其更简洁:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     在这个示例中，我们传递了一个匿名函数(但是我们也可以像前面那样显式地定义它，以便重用它)。传递给我们条件的第一个，也是唯一的一个参数始终是对驱动程序对象 WebDriver 的引用。在多线程环境中，您应该小心操作传入条件的驱动程序引用，而不是外部范围中对驱动程序的引用。\n因为等待将会吞没在没有找到元素时引发的 no such element 的错误，这个条件会一直重试直到找到元素为止。然后它将获取一个 WebElement 的返回值，并将其传递回我们的脚本。\n如果条件失败，例如从未得到条件为真实的返回值，等待将会抛出/引发一个叫 timeout error 的错误/异常。\n选项 等待条件可以根据您的需要进行定制。有时候是没有必要等待缺省超时的全部范围，因为没有达到成功条件的代价可能很高。\n等待允许你传入一个参数来覆盖超时:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     预期的条件 由于必须同步DOM和指令是相当常见的情况，所以大多数客户端还附带一组预定义的 预期条件 。顾名思义，它们是为频繁等待操作预定义的条件。\n不同的语言绑定提供的条件各不相同，但这只是其中一些:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  您可以参考每个客户端绑定的API文档，以找到期望条件的详尽列表:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  隐式等待 还有第二种区别于显示等待 类型的 隐式等待 。通过隐式等待，WebDriver在试图查找_任何_元素时在一定时间内轮询DOM。当网页上的某些元素不是立即可用并且需要一些时间来加载时是很有用的。\n默认情况下隐式等待元素出现是禁用的，它需要在单个会话的基础上手动启用。将显式等待和隐式等待混合在一起会导致意想不到的结果，就是说即使元素可用或条件为真也要等待睡眠的最长时间。\n警告: 不要混合使用隐式和显式等待。这样做会导致不可预测的等待时间。例如，将隐式等待设置为10秒，将显式等待设置为15秒，可能会导致在20秒后发生超时。\n隐式等待是告诉WebDriver如果在查找一个或多个不是立即可用的元素时轮询DOM一段时间。默认设置为0，表示禁用。一旦设置好，隐式等待就被设置为会话的生命周期。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     流畅等待 流畅等待实例定义了等待条件的最大时间量，以及检查条件的频率。\n用户可以配置等待来忽略等待时出现的特定类型的异常，例如在页面上搜索元素时出现的NoSuchElementException。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"高级功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要获得高级功能的所有详细信息, 了解其工作原理, 以及如何设置自己的功能, 请浏览以下部分.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"鼠标动作详细信息","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse表示鼠标事件. 鼠标操作是通过使用底层接口执行的, 其允许我们向Web浏览器提供虚拟化的设备输入操作.\nclickAndHold 它将移动到该元素，然后在给定元素的中间单击(不释放).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick 此方法首先将鼠标移动到元素的位置, 然后在给定元素执行上下文点击(右键单击).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick 它将移动到该元素, 并在给定元素的中间双击.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement 此方法将鼠标移到元素的中间. 执行此操作时, 该元素也会滚动到视图中.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: 此方法将鼠标从其当前位置(或0,0)移动给定的偏移量. 如果坐标在视图窗口之外, 则鼠标最终将在浏览器窗口之外.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop 此方法首先在源元素上单击并按住，然后移动到目标元素的位置后释放鼠标.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy 此方法首先在源元素上单击并按住, 移至给定的偏移量后释放鼠标.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release 此操作将释放按下的鼠标左键. 如果WebElement转移了, 它将释放给定WebElement上按下的鼠标左键.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver 以本地化方式驱动浏览器，就像用户在本地或使用 Selenium 服务器的远程机器上所做的那样，这标志着浏览器自动化的飞跃。\nSelenium WebDriver 指的是语言绑定和各个浏览器控制代码的实现。 这通常被称为 WebDriver。\nSelenium WebDriver 是 W3C 推荐标准\n  WebDriver 被设计成一个简单和简洁的编程接口。\n  WebDriver 是一个简洁的面向对象 API。\n  它能有效地驱动浏览器。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"支持的类","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver提供了一些用于简化代码维护的类. 其提供了一种不错的抽象, 使得将HTML元素建模为域对象的操作, 变得更加容易, 还提供了一些更有帮助的方法, 使用此类对象时更容易操作. 我们将学到以下方法:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  我们开始吧:\nThreadGuard 此类仅在Java中可用\n ThreadGuard检查是否仅从创建驱动程序的同一线程中调用了驱动程序. 线程问题 (尤其是在Parallel中运行测试时) 可能遇到神秘并且难以诊断错误. 使用此包装器可以防止此类错误,\n并且在发生此类情况时会抛出异常.\n以下的示例模拟一种线程冲突的情况:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } 结果如下所示:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour 正如示例所示:\n protectedDriver 将在主线程中创建 我们使用Java的 Runnable 启动一个新进程, 并使用一个新的 Thread 运行该进程 这两个 Thread 都会发生冲突, 因为主线程的内存中没有 protectedDriver ThreadGuard.protect 会抛出异常  注意: 这不能代替并发运行时使用 ThreadLocal 管理驱动程序的需求.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"改善报告","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium并非旨在报告测试用例的运行状态. 利用单元测试框架的内置报告功能是一个好的开始. 大多数单元测试框架都有可以生成xUnit或HTML格式的报告. xUnit报表很受欢迎, 可以将其结果导入到持续集成（CI）服务器, 例如Jenkins、Travis、Bamboo等. 以下是一些链接, 可获取关于几种语言报表输出的更多信息.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"测试依赖","tags":[],"description":"","content":"关于自动化测试的一个常见想法和误解是关于特定的测试顺序. 您的测试应该能够以任何顺序运行，而不是依赖于完成其他测试才能成功.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"网格端点","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"远程WebDriver服务器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"服务器将始终在安装了待测浏览器的机器上运行. 可以从命令行或通过代码配置来使用服务器.\n从命令行启动服务器 下载 selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar 后, 将其传到具有待测浏览器的电脑上. 然后, 切换到包含此jar文件的目录中, 运行以下命令:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar 运行服务器的注意事项 调用者应调用 Selenium#stop() 或 WebDriver#quit 以结束每次会话.\nSelenium服务器在内存中保留每个运行会话的日志, 这些日志将在调用 Selenium#stop() 或 WebDriver#quit 时清除. 如果您忘记终止这些会话, 则可能会造成服务器内存泄漏. 如果您保持运行时间非常长的会话, 则可能需要不时执行停止或退出的操作 (或使用-Xmx jvm选项增加内存) .\n超时 (自2.21版本) 服务器有两种不同的超时, 可以按如下设置:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  控制允许浏览器挂起的时间 (以秒为单位的值) .   timeout  控制在回收会话之前允许客户端离开的时间 (以秒为单位的值) .    从2.21版本开始不再支持系统属性 selenium.server.session.timeout.\n请注意, 当常规超时机制发生故障时, browserTimeout旨在用作备份超时机制, 该机制应主要在网格和服务器的环境中使用, 以确保崩溃或丢失的进程不会驻留太长时间, 从而干扰了运行时环境.\n以编程方式配置服务器 从理论上讲, 此过程就像将 DriverServlet映射到URL一样简单, 但是也可以将页面托管在轻量级容器中, 例如完全用代码配置的Jetty. 步骤如下.\n 下载并解压 selenium-server.zip. 将这些Jar设置在CLASSPATH中. 创建一个名为 AppServer的新类. 在这里, 我使用Jetty, 因此您也需要download:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver提供了一个API, 用于处理JavaScript提供的三种类型的原生弹窗消息. 这些弹窗由浏览器提供限定的样式.\nAlerts 警告框 其中最基本的称为警告框, 它显示一条自定义消息, 以及一个用于关闭该警告的按钮, 在大多数浏览器中标记为\u0026quot;确定\u0026rdquo;(OK). 在大多数浏览器中, 也可以通过按\u0026quot;关闭\u0026rdquo;(close)按钮将其关闭, 但这始终与“确定”按钮具有相同的作用. 查看样例警告框.\nWebDriver可以从弹窗获取文本并接受或关闭这些警告.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm 确认框 确认框类似于警告框, 不同之处在于用户还可以选择取消消息. 查看样例确认框.\n此示例还呈现了警告的另一种实现:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt 提示框 提示框与确认框相似, 不同之处在于它们还包括文本输入. 与处理表单元素类似, 您可以使用WebDriver的sendKeys来填写响应. 这将完全替换占位符文本. 按下取消按钮将不会提交任何文本. 查看样例提示框.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"同cookies一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cookie是从网站发送并存储在您的计算机中的一小段数据. Cookies主要用于识别用户并加载存储的信息.\nWebDriver API提供了一种使用内置的方法与Cookie进行交互:\n添加 Cookie 这个方法常常用于将cookie添加到当前访问的上下文中. 添加Cookie仅接受一组已定义的可序列化JSON对象. 这里  是一个链接, 用于描述可接受的JSON键值的列表\n首先, 您需要位于有效Cookie的域上. 如果您在开始与网站进行交互之前尝试预设cookie, 并且您的首页很大或需要一段时间才能加载完毕, 则可以选择在网站上找到一个较小的页面 (通常404页很小, 例如 http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     获取命名的 Cookie 此方法返回与cookie名称匹配的序列化cookie数据中所有关联的cookie.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     获取全部 Cookies 此方法会针对当前访问上下文返回“成功的序列化cookie数据”. 如果浏览器不再可用, 则返回错误.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     删除 Cookie 此方法删除与提供的cookie名称匹配的cookie数据.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     删除所有 Cookies 此方法删除当前访问上下文的所有cookie.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie属性 此属性允许用户引导浏览器控制cookie, 是否与第三方站点发起的请求一起发送. 引入其是为了防止CSRF（跨站请求伪造）攻击.\nSame-Site cookie属性接受以下两种参数作为指令\nStrict: 当sameSite属性设置为 Strict, cookie不会与来自第三方网站的请求一起发送.\nLax: 当您将cookie sameSite属性设置为 Lax, cookie将与第三方网站发起的GET请求一起发送.\n注意: 到目前为止, 此功能已在Chrome(80+版本), Firefox(79+版本)中提供, 并适用于Selenium 4以及更高版本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"性能测试","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常不建议使用Selenium和WebDriver进行性能测试. 并非因为不能做, 只是缺乏针对此类工作的优化, 因而难以得到乐观的结果.\n对于用户而言, 在用户上下文中执行性能测试似乎是自然而然的选择, 但是WebDriver的测试会受到许多外部和内部的影响而变得脆弱, 这是您无法控制的. 例如, 浏览器的启动速度, HTTP服务器的速度, 托管JavaScript或CSS的第三方服务器的响应 以及WebDriver实现本身检测的损失. 这些因素的变化会影响结果. 很难区分网站自身与外部资源之间的性能差异, 并且也很难明确浏览器中使用WebDriver对性能的影响, 尤其是在注入脚本时.\n另一个潜在的吸引点是\u0026quot;节省时间\u0026rdquo;-同时执行功能和性能测试. 但是, 功能和性能测试分别具有截然不同的目标. 要测试功能, 测试人员可能需要耐心等待加载, 但这会使性能测试结果蒙上阴影, 反之亦然.\n为了提高网站的性能, 您需要不依赖于环境的差异来分析整体性能, 识别不良代码的实践, 对单个资源 (即CSS或JavaScript) 的性能进行细分 以了解需要改进的地方. 有很多性能测试工具已经可以完成这项工作, 并且提供了报告和分析结果, 甚至可以提出改进建议.\n例如一种易于使用的 (开源) 软件包是: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/","title":"远程 WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"远程 WebDriver 您可以如本地一样, 使用远程WebDriver. 主要区别在于需要配置远程WebDriver, 以便可以在不同的计算机上运行测试.\n远程WebDriver由两部分组成：客户端和服务端. 客户端是您的WebDriver测试，而服务端仅仅是可以被托管于任何现代Java EE应用服务器的Java Servlet.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"避免共享状态","tags":[],"description":"","content":"尽管在多个地方都提到过, 但这点仍值得被再次提及. 确保测试相互隔离.\n  不要共享测试数据. 想象一下有几个测试, 每个测试都会在选择操作执行之前查询数据库中的有效订单. 如果两个测试采用相同的顺序, 则很可能会出现意外行为.\n  清理应用程序中过时的数据, 这些数据可能会被其他测试. 例如无效的订单记录.\n  每次测试都创建一个新的WebDriver实例. 这在确保测试隔离的同时可以保障并行化更为简单.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http 代理","tags":[],"description":"","content":"代理服务器充当客户端和服务器之间的请求中介. 简述而言, 流量将通过代理服务器流向您请求的地址, 然后返回.\n使用代理服务器用于Selenium的自动化脚本, 可能对以下方面有益:\n 捕获网络流量 模拟网站后端响应 在复杂的网络拓扑结构或严格的公司限制/政策下访问目标站点.  如果您在公司环境中, 并且浏览器无法连接到URL, 则最有可能是因为环境, 需要借助代理进行访问.\nSelenium WebDriver提供了如下设置代理的方法\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"指南和建议","tags":[],"description":"","content":"指南和建议 关于\u0026quot;最佳实践\u0026quot;的注解：我们有意在本文档中避免使用\u0026quot;最佳实践\u0026quot;的说辞. 没有一种方法可以适用于所有情况. 我们更喜欢\u0026quot;指南和建议\u0026quot;的想法. 我们鼓励您通读这些内容, 并仔细地确定哪种方法适用于您的特定环境.\n由于许多原因, 功能测试很难正确完成. 即便应用程序的状态, 复杂性, 依赖还不够让测试变得 足够复杂, 操作浏览器（特别是跨浏览器的兼容性测试）就已经使得写一个好的测试变成一种挑战.\nSelenium提供了一些工具使得功能测试用户更简单的操作浏览器, 但是这些工具并不能帮助你来写一个好的 架构的测试套件. 这章我们会针对怎么来做web页面的功能测试的自动化给出一些忠告, 指南和建议.\n这章记录了很多历年来成功的使用Selenium的用户的常用的软件设计模式.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"测试的独立性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"将每个测试编写为独立的单元. 以不依赖于其他测试完成的方式编写测试:\n例如有一个内容管理系统, 您可以借助其创建一些自定义内容, 这些内容在发布后作为模块显示在您的网站上, 并且CMS和应用程序之间的同步可能需要一些时间.\n测试模块的一种错误方法是在测试中创建并发布内容, 然后在另一测试中检查该模块. 这是不可取的, 因为发布后内容可能无法立即用于其他测试.\n与之相反的事, 您可以创建在受影响的测试中打开和关闭的打桩内容, 并将其用于验证模块. 而且, 对于内容的创建, 您仍然可以进行单独的测试.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"爬取链接","tags":[],"description":"","content":"建议您不要使用WebDriver来通过链接进行爬网， 并非因为无法完成，而是因为它绝对不是最理想的工具。 WebDriver需要一些时间来启动，并且可能要花几秒钟到一分钟的时间， 具体取决于测试的编写方式，仅仅是为了获取页面并遍历DOM.\n除了使用WebDriver之外， 您还可以通过执行 curl 命令或 使用诸如BeautifulSoup之类的库来节省大量时间， 因为这些方法不依赖于创建浏览器和导航至页面. 通过不使用WebDriver可以节省大量时间.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/","title":"反模式","tags":[],"description":"","content":"反模式 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"考虑使用Fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler创造了术语 \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium已经在其 FluentWait 类中实现了类似的东西, 这是对标准 Wait 类的替代. 您可以在页面对象中启用Fluent API设计模式, 然后使用如下代码段查询Google搜索页面:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); Google页面对象类具有这种流畅行为后可能看起来像这样:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"页面加载策略","tags":[],"description":"","content":"定义当前会话的页面加载策略. 默认情况下, 当Selenium WebDriver加载页面时, 遵循 normal 的页面加载策略. 始终建议您在页面加载缓慢时, 停止下载其他资源 (例如图片, css, js) .\ndocument.readyState 属性描述当前页面的加载状态. 默认情况下, 在页面就绪状态是 complete 之前, WebDriver都将延迟 driver.get() 的响应或 driver.navigate().to() 的调用.\n在单页应用程序中 (例如Angular, React, Ember) , 一旦动态内容加载完毕 (即pageLoadStrategy状态为COMPLETE) , 则点击链接或在页面内执行某些操作的行为将不会向服务器发出新请求, 因为内容在客户端动态加载, 无需刷新页面.\n单页应用程序可以动态加载许多视图, 而无需任何服务器请求, 因此页面加载策略将始终显示为 COMPLETE 的状态, 直到我们执行新的 driver.get() 或 driver.navigate().to() 为止.\nWebDriver的 页面加载策略 支持以下内容:\nnormal 此配置使Selenium WebDriver等待整个页面的加载. 设置为 normal 时, Selenium WebDriver将保持等待, 直到 返回 load 事件\n默认情况下, 如果未设置页面加载策略, 则设置 normal 为初始策略.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager 这将使Selenium WebDriver保持等待, 直到完全加载并解析了HTML文档, 该策略无关样式表, 图片和subframes的加载.\n设置为 eager 时, Selenium WebDriver保持等待, 直至返回 DOMContentLoaded 事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none 设置为 none 时, Selenium WebDriver仅等待至初始页面下载完成.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/","title":"服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 通过将客户端命令发送到远程浏览器的实例, Selenium Grid 允许在远程计算机 (虚拟或真实) 上执行WebDriver脚本. 它旨在提供一种在多台计算机上并行运行测试的简便方法.\nSelenium Grid允许我们在多台计算机上并行运行测试, 并集中管理不同的浏览器版本和浏览器配置 (而不是在每个独立的测试中).\nSelenium Grid不是银弹. 它解决了一些常见的委派和分布式问题, 但是例如无法管理基础架构这样的问题, 可能不适合您的特定需求.\n请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"每次测试都刷新浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"每次测试都从一个干净的已知状态开始. 理想情况下, 为每次测试打开一个新的虚拟机. 如果打开新虚拟机不切实际, 则至少应为每次测试启动一个新的WebDriver. 对于Firefox, 请使用您已知的配置文件去启动WebDriver.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/","title":"网络元素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement表示DOM元素. 可以通过使用WebDriver实例从文档根节点进行搜索, 或者在另一个WebElement下进行搜索来找到WebElement.\nWebDriver API提供了内置方法来查找基于不同属性的WebElement (例如ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS选择器, 链接文本等).\nFind Element 此方法用于查找元素并返回第一个匹配的单个WebElement引用, 该元素可用于进一步的元素操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements 与\u0026quot;Find Element\u0026quot;相似, 但返回的是匹配WebElement列表. 要使用列表中的特定WebElement, 您需要遍历元素列表以对选定元素执行操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element 此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找子元素. 为此, 父WebElement与\u0026quot;findElement\u0026quot;链接并访问子元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element 此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找匹配子WebElement的列表. 为此, 父WebElement与\u0026quot;findElements\u0026quot;链接并访问子元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element 此方法用于追溯或查找当前页面上下文中具有焦点的DOM元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled 此方法用于检查网页上连接的元素是否被启用或禁用. 返回一个布尔值, 如果在当前浏览上下文中启用了连接的元素, 则返回True； 否则返回false .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected 此方法确定是否 已选择 引用的元素. 此方法广泛用于复选框, 单选按钮, 输入元素和选项元素.\n返回一个布尔值, 如果在当前浏览上下文中 已选择 引用的元素, 则返回 True, 否则返回 False.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName 此方法用于获取在当前浏览上下文中 具有焦点的被引用元素的 TagName .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect 用于获取参考元素的尺寸和坐标.\n提取的数据主体包含以下详细信息:\n 元素左上角的X轴位置 元素左上角的y轴位置 元素的高度 元素宽度  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     获取元素CSS值 获取当前浏览上下文中元素的特定计算样式属性的值.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     获取元素文本 获取特定元素渲染后的文本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome开发工具","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在Selenium 4 alpha版本通过对Chrome开发工具协议（Chrome DevTools Protocol）的支持添加了大家期待已久的源生Chrome开发工具“DevTools”调用。这将帮助我们获取Chrome开发属性集例如：应用程序缓存、获取、网络、性能、探查器、资源计时、安全性和目标CDP域等。\nChrome开发工具是在谷歌Chrome浏览其中内置的网页开发工具集。开发工具可以帮助你快速编辑页面和诊断问题，最终帮助你更快地建立更好的网站。\n模拟 Geo location 定位: 有一些应用在不同的定位下有不同的特性和功能。想通过Selenium在浏览器中模拟geo locations定位是从而实现应用的自动化是非常困难的。但是通过开发工具的帮助，我们可以非常简单的模拟它们。下面的代码判断演示了这一点。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     注册基本认证 一些应用要求某些页面基于认证过的状态, 而大多数时候为了保持简单, 开发者使用基本认证. 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 您可以在出现自动认证的时候自动进行输入.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     监听页面元素的事件 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听DOM事件并注册回调以处理DOM事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     监听页面JS异常 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听JS异常并注册回调以处理异常详细信息.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     监听页面的console.log事件 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听console.log事件并注册回调以处理该事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard代表一个键盘事件. Keyboard操作通过使用底层接口允许我们向web浏览器提供虚拟设备输入.\nsendKeys 即使遇到修饰符键序列, sendKeys也会在DOM元素中键入键序列. 这里 是WebDriver能够支持的键位列表.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyDown keyDown用于模拟按下辅助按键(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)的动作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); Action keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build(); keydown.perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); IAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build(); keydown.Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform ensure driver.quit end   (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val action = Actions(driver) // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyUp keyUp用于模拟辅助按键(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)弹起或释放的操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace HelloSelenium { class HelloSelenium { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store google search box WebElement  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store google search box WebElement  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) val action = Actions(driver) // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     clear 清除可编辑元素的内容. 这仅适用于可编辑且可交互的元素, 否则Selenium将返回错误(无效的元素状态或元素不可交互).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class clear { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) SearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Clears the entered text SearchInput.clear()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System; namespace SnipetProjectDelete { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.Clear(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) search_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;) # Clears the entered text search_input.clear ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); await searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  await searchInput.clear(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element  val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"驱动特性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"驱动特性 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/","title":"支持的包","tags":[],"description":"","content":"支持的包 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy 在此部分，您可以找到与Selenium的旧组件有关的所有文档. 这样做纯粹是出于历史原因，而不是鼓励使用已废弃的组件.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/","title":"版权页","tags":[],"description":"","content":"版权页 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/","title":"Selenium 浏览器自动化项目","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 浏览器自动化项目 Selenium 是支持 web 浏览器自动化的一系列工具和库的综合项目。\n它提供了扩展来模拟用户与浏览器的交互，用于扩展浏览器分配的分发服务器，以及用于实现 W3C WebDriver 规范 的基础结构，该 规范 允许您为所有主要 Web 浏览器编写可互换的代码。\n这个项目是由志愿者贡献者实现的，他们投入了自己数千小时的时间，并使源代码免费提供给任何人使用、享受和改进。\nSelenium 汇集了浏览器供应商，工程师和爱好者，以进一步围绕 Web 平台自动化进行公开讨论。 该项目组织了一次年度会议，以教学和培养社区。\nSelenium 的核心是 WebDriver，这是一个编写指令集的接口，可以在许多浏览器中互换运行。 这里有一个最简单的说明：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     请参阅 快速浏览 以获得运行此代码时幕后发生的事情的完整解释。 您应该继续阅读介绍，了解如何安装并成功地使用 Selenium 作为测试自动化工具，并将这样的简单测试扩展到多个浏览器上的大型分布式环境中，在多个不同的操作系统上运行。\n入门指南 如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。\n 快速浏览  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/","title":"为 Selenium 文档做贡献","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium是一个大型软件项目, 其网站和文档是了解事情如何工作以及学习有效利用其潜力的关键.\n该项目包含Selenium的网站和文档. 这是一项持续的工作(不针对任何特定版本), 用于提供有效使用Selenium、 如何参与以及如何为Selenium做出贡献的更新信息.\n对网站和文档的贡献遵循以下部分中有关贡献的描述. 您应该花一些时间来熟悉以下文档 查看更多.\n Selenium项目欢迎每一个人的贡献. 您可以通过多种方式提供帮助:\n上报问题 在报告新问题或评论现有问题时, 请确保讨论与Selenium的软件、 其站点与文档的具体技术问题相关.\n随着时间的推移, 所有Selenium组件的变化都非常快, 因此这可能会导致文档过时. 如前所述, 如果您确实遇到这种情况, 请不要为此担心. 您也可能知道如何更新文档, 因此请向我们发送包含相关更改的Pull Request.\n如果不确定所发现的问题是否存在, 请通过以下沟通渠道进行描述 https://selenium.dev/support.\n贡献 Selenium项目欢迎新的贡献者. 随时间做出重大贡献的个人将成为 提交者 , 并获得对该项目的提交权限.\n本指南将指导您完成贡献的过程.\n步骤 1: Fork 在 Github上Fork本项目, 并check out到您的本地\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 依赖: Hugo 我们使用 Hugo 来构建和渲染网站和文档. 需要在提交任何更改之前, 在本地验证所有内容, 请安装 Hugo, 熟悉它并运行本地服务器 以在本地呈现该网站(详细说明可在后续步骤中找到).\n步骤 2: 分支 创建一个功能分支并开始工作:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 我们实践基于HEAD的开发模式, 这意味着所有更改都直接应用在trunk之上.\n步骤 3: 做出改变 仓库包含站点和文档, 这是两个独立的Hugo项目. 如果要更改站点, 请在 site_source_files 目录上工作. 要查看更改的实时预览, 请在网站的根目录上运行 hugo server 命令.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server 要更改文档, 请切换到 docs_source_files 目录.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server 本文档基于英语内容, 被翻译成多种语言. 更改文件时, 请 确保 也对所有其他翻译文件进行更改. 这可能会略有不同, 例如:\n  如果将代码示例添加到 browser_manipulation.en.md 文件中后, 则还需将其添加到 browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md 以及所有其他的已翻译文件.\n  如果您发现可以改进的翻译, 请仅更改翻译的文件.\n  如果要添加新的语言翻译, 请添加具有适当后缀的新文件. 无需翻译所有内容即可提交PR, 可以迭代完成. 不要忘记在 config.toml 文件中检查一些必要的配置.\n  如果您用英语版本更改了文本, 请用您的更改替换翻译文件中的同一部分(是的, 用英语), 然后在文件顶部添加以下注意事项.\n  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} 步骤 4: 提交 首先确保git知道您的姓名和电子邮件地址:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; 编写良好的提交信息很重要. 提交信息应描述更改的内容, 原因以及已解决的参考问题(如果有). 撰写时应遵循以下规则:\n 第一行应少于或等于50个字符, 并包含对该更改的简短说明. 保持第二行空白. 在所有72列处换行. 包括 Fixes #N, 其中 N 是提交修复的问题编号(如果有).  一个好的提交信息可能看起来像这样:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 第一行必须有意义, 因为这是人们在运行 git shortlog 或 git log --oneline 时看到的内容.\n步骤 5: Rebase 使用 git rebase (并非 git merge) 同步实时的工作.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk 步骤 6: 测试 永远记住要运行本地服务, 这样做可以确保您的更改没有破坏任何事情.\n步骤 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch 访问 https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git 并点击 Pull Request 以及填写表格. 请明确您已经签署了CLA (详见步骤 7).\nPull requests通常会在几天内进行审核. 如果有评论要解决, 请在新提交(最好是修正)中应用您的更改, 然后推push到同一分支.\n步骤 8: 集成 代码审查完成后, 提交者将获取您的PR并将其集成到项目的trunk分支中. 因为我们希望在trunk分支上保持线性历史记录, 所以我们通常会squash并rebase您的分支历史记录.\n沟通 有关如何与项目贡献者和整个社区进行沟通的所有详细信息, 请访问以下网址 https://selenium.dev/support\n"}]
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+[{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_object_models/","title":"PO设计模式","tags":[],"description":"","content":"PO（page object）设计模式是在自动化中已经流行起来的一种易于维护和减少代码的设计模式. 在自动化测试中, PO对象作为一个与页面交互的接口. 测试中需要与页面的UI进行交互时, 便调用PO的方法. 这样做的好处是, 如果页面的UI发生了更改,那么测试用例本身不需要更改, 只需更改PO中的代码即可.\nPO设计模式具有以下优点:\n 测试代码与页面的定位代码（如定位器或者其他的映射）相分离. 该页面提供的方法或元素在一个独立的类中, 而不是将这些方法或元素分散在整个测试中.  这允许在一个地方修改由于UI变化所带来的所有修改. 随着这种\u0026quot;测试设计模式\u0026quot;的广泛使用, 可以在众多博客中找到有关此技术的有用信息. 我们鼓励希望了解更多信息的读者在互联网上搜索有关此主题的博客. 许多人已经写过这种设计模式, 并且可以提供超出本用户指南范围的有用提示. 不过, 为了让您入门, 我们将通过一个简单的示例来说明页面对象.\n首先, 思考一个不使用PO模式的自动化测试的典型案例:\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class Login { public void testLogin() { // 在登录页面上填写登录数据  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;testUser\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;my supersecret password\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;sign-in\u0026#34;)).click(); // 登录后验证h1标签是否为Hello userName  driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).isDisplayed(); assertThat(driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } 这种方法有两个问题.\n 测试方法与定位器 (在此实例中为By.name)耦合过于严重. 如果测试的用户界面更改了其定位器或登录名的输入和处理方式, 则测试本身必须进行更改. 在对登录页面的所有测试中, 同一个定位器会散布在其中.  可以在以下登录页面的示例中应用PO设计模式重写此示例.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Sign-in page. */ public class SignInPage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By usernameBy = By.name(\u0026#34;user_name\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By passwordBy = By.name(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); // \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;SignIn\u0026#34;\u0026gt;  private By signinBy = By.name(\u0026#34;sign_in\u0026#34;); public SignInPage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; } /** * Login as valid user * * @param userName * @param password * @return HomePage object */ public HomePage loginValidUser(String userName, String password) { driver.findElement(usernameBy).sendKeys(userName); driver.findElement(passwordBy).sendKeys(password); driver.findElement(signinBy).click(); return new HomePage(driver); } } Home page的PO如下所示.\nimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; /** * Page Object encapsulates the Home Page */ public class HomePage { protected WebDriver driver; // \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Hello userName\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;  private By messageBy = By.tagName(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;); public HomePage(WebDriver driver){ this.driver = driver; if (!driver.getTitle().equals(\u0026#34;Home Page of logged in user\u0026#34;)) { throw new IllegalStateException(\u0026#34;This is not Home Page of logged in user,\u0026#34; + \u0026#34; current page is: \u0026#34; + driver.getCurrentUrl()); } } /** * Get message (h1 tag) * * @return String message text */ public String getMessageText() { return driver.findElement(messageBy).getText(); } public HomePage manageProfile() { // Page encapsulation to manage profile functionality  return new HomePage(driver); } /* 提供登录用户主页所代表的服务的更多方法. 这些方法可能会返回更多页面对象. 例如, 单击\u0026#34;撰写邮件\u0026#34;按钮可以返回ComposeMail类对象 */ } 那么, 接下来的登录测试用例将使用这两个页面对象.\n/*** * Tests login feature */ public class TestLogin { @Test public void testLogin() { SignInPage signInPage = new SignInPage(driver); HomePage homePage = signInPage.loginValidUser(\u0026#34;userName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;); assertThat(homePage.getMessageText(), is(\u0026#34;Hello userName\u0026#34;)); } } PO的设计方式具有很大的灵活性, 但是有一些基本规则可以使测试代码具有理想的可维护性.\nPO本身绝不应进行判断或断言. 判断和断言是测试的一部分, 应始终在测试的代码内, 而不是在PO中. PO用来包含页面的表示形式, 以及页面通过方法提供的服务, 但是与PO无关的测试代码不应包含在其中.\n实例化PO时, 应进行一次验证, 即验证页面以及页面上可能的关键元素是否已正确加载. 在上面的示例中, SignInPage和HomePage的构造函数均检查预期的页面是否可用并准备接受测试请求.\nPO不一定需要代表整个页面. PO设计模式可用于表示页面上的组件. 如果自动化测试中的页面包含多个组件, 则每个组件都有单独的页面对象, 则可以提高可维护性.\n还有其他设计模式也可以在测试中使用. 一些使用页面工厂实例化其页面对象. 讨论所有这些都不在本用户指南的范围之内. 在这里, 我们只想介绍一些概念, 以使读者了解可以完成的一些事情. 如前所述, 许多人都在此主题上写博客, 我们鼓励读者搜索有关这些主题的博客.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/","title":"Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)","tags":[],"description":"","content":"介绍 在WebDriver / Selenium合并产生功能更强大的Selenium 2之前, Selenium RC一直是Selenium的主要项目. 再次特意强调的是, Selenium 1不再享有技术支持.\nSelenium RC 的工作原理 首先, 我们将描述Selenium RC的组件如何运行 以及每个组件在运行测试脚本中所扮演的角色.\nRC 组件 Selenium RC 组件包括:\n Selenium 服务器, 用于启动并关闭浏览器, 解释运行从测试程序传递来的Selenese命令, 并充当 HTTP代理 , 拦截和验证在浏览器和AUT之间传递的HTTP消息. 客户端库, 提供每种编程语言和 Selenium RC 服务器之间的接口.  以下是一个简化的架构图:\n该图显示了客户端库与服务器通信, 并传递了用来执行的每个Selenium命令. 然后, 服务器使用Selenium-Core的JavaScript命令 将Selenium命令传递到浏览器. 浏览器使用其JavaScript解释器执行Selenium命令. 这将运行您在测试脚本中指定的Selenese操作或验证行为.\nSelenium 服务器 Selenium 服务器从您的测试程序接收Selenium命令, 对其进行解释, 然后将运行这些测试的结果报告给您的程序.\nRC服务器捆绑了Selenium Core并将其自动注入浏览器. 当您的测试程序打开浏览器(使用客户端库API函数)时, 会发生这种情况. Selenium-Core是一个JavaScript程序, 实际上是一组JavaScript函数, 这些函数使用浏览器的内置JavaScript解释器来解释 和执行Selenese命令.\n服务器使用简单的HTTP GET / POST请求从您的测试程序接收Selenese命令. 这意味着您可以使用任何可以发送HTTP请求的编程语言 来自动执行浏览器中的Selenium测试.\n客户端库 客户端库提供了编程支持, 使您可以从自己设计的程序中运行Selenium命令. 每种受支持的语言都有一个不同的客户端库. Selenium客户端库提供了一个编程接口(API), 即一组函数, 可从您自己的程序中运行Selenium命令. 在每个界面中, 都有一个支持每个Selenese命令的编程功能.\n客户端库接受Selenese命令, 并将其传递给Selenium 服务器, 以针对被测应用程序(AUT)处理特定操作或测试. 客户端库还接收该命令的结果, 并将其传递回您的程序. 您的程序可以接收结果并将其存储到程序变量中, 并将其报告为成功或失败, 或者如果是意外错误, 则可以采取纠正措施.\n因此, 要创建测试程序, 只需编写一个使用客户端库API运行一组Selenium命令的程序. 并且, 可选地, 如果您已经在Selenium-IDE中创建了Selenese测试脚本, 则可以 生成Selenium RC代码 . Selenium-IDE可以(使用其\u0026quot;导出\u0026quot;菜单项) 将其Selenium命令转换为客户端驱动程序的API函数调用. 有关从Selenium-IDE导出RC代码的详细信息, 请参见Selenium-IDE章节.\n安装 安装对于Selenium来说是谬称. Selenium具有一组可用您选择的编程语言提供的库. 您可以从 下载页面下载它们.\n选择了要使用的语言后, 您只需要:\n 安装Selenium RC服务器. 使用特定语言的客户端驱动程序设置编程项目.  安装Selenium服务器 Selenium RC服务器只是一个Java jar 文件 ( selenium-server-standalone-.jar ), 不需要任何特殊的安装. 只需下载zip文件并将服务器提取到所需目录中就足够了.\n运行Selenium服务器 在开始任何测试之前, 您必须启动服务器. 转到Selenium RC服务器所在的目录, 然后从命令行控制台运行以下命令.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar 通过创建包含上述命令的批处理或Shell可执行文件 (Windows上为.bat, Linux上为.sh), 可以简化此操作. 然后在桌面上对该可执行文件创建快捷方式, 只需双击该图标即可启动服务器.\n为了使服务器运行, 您需要安装Java并正确配置PATH环境变量才能从控制台运行它. 您可以通过在控制台上运行以下命令来检查是否正确安装了Java.\njava -version 如果您查看到预期的版本号(必须为1.5或更高版本), 就可以开始使用Selenium RC了.\n使用Java客户端驱动程序  从SeleniumHQ 下载页面 下载Selenium Java客户端驱动程序zip 解压 selenium-java-.jar 文件 打开所需的Java IDE(Eclipse, NetBeans, IntelliJ, Netweaver等) 创建一个Java项目. 将selenium-java-.jar文件添加到您的项目中作为依赖. 将文件selenium-java-.jar添加到您的项目类路径中. 从Selenium-IDE中, 将脚本导出到Java文件并将其包含在Java项目中, 或者使用selenium-java-client API用Java编写Selenium测试. 该API将在本章稍后介绍. 您可以使用JUnit或TestNg来运行测试, 也可以编写自己的简单main()程序. 这些概念将在本节稍后说明. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器. 从Java IDE或命令行执行测试.  有关Java测试项目配置的详细信息, 请参阅附录部分. 使用Eclipse配置Selenium RC和使用Intellij配置Selenium RC.\n使用Python客户端驱动程序  通过PIP安装Selenium, 说明链接在SeleniumHQ 下载页面 用Python编写Selenium测试 或将脚本从Selenium-IDE导出到python文件. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器 从控制台或Python IDE执行测试  有关Python客户端驱动程序配置的详细信息, 请参见附录Python客户端驱动程序配置.\n使用.NET客户端驱动程序  从SeleniumHQ 下载页面 下载Selenium RC 解压缩文件夹 下载并安装NUnit (注意：您可以将NUnit用作测试引擎. 如果您还不熟悉NUnit, 还可以编写一个简单的main()函数来运行测试； 但是NUnit作为测试引擎非常有用) 打开所需的.Net IDE(Visual Studio, SharpDevelop, MonoDevelop) 创建一个类库(.dll) 添加对以下DLL的引用： nmock.dll, nunit.core.dll, nunit.framework.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.Core.dll, ThoughtWorks.Selenium.IntegrationTests.dll 和ThoughtWorks.Selenium.UnitTests.dll 用.Net语言(C＃, VB.Net)编写Selenium测试, 或将脚本从Selenium-IDE导出到C＃文件, 然后将此代码复制到刚创建的类文件中. 编写自己的简单main()程序, 或者可以在项目中包含NUnit来运行测试. 这些概念将在本章稍后说明. 从控制台运行Selenium服务器 从IDE, NUnit GUI或命令行运行测试  有关使用Visual Studio配置.NET客户端驱动程序的详细信息, 请参阅附录.NET客户端驱动程序配置.\n使用Ruby客户端驱动程序  如果您还没有RubyGems, 请从RubyForge安装它. 运行 gem install selenium-client 在测试脚本的顶部, 添加 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot; 使用任何Ruby测试工具 (例如Test::Unit, Mini::Test或RSpec)编写测试脚本. 从控制台运行Selenium RC服务器. 以与运行其他任何Ruby脚本相同的方式执行测试.  有关Ruby客户端驱动程序配置的详细信息, 请参见 Selenium-Client documentation_\n从 Selenese 到程序 使用Selenium RC的主要任务 是将您的Selenese转换为编程语言. 在本节中, 我们提供了几种不同的特定于语言的示例.\n示例测试脚本 让我们从一个Selenese测试脚本示例开始. 试想用Selenium-IDE录制以下测试.\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc     注意：此示例适用于Google搜索页面 http://www.google.com\nSelenese作为编程代码 这是(通过Selenium-IDE)导出到每种支持的编程语言的测试脚本. 如果您具有基本的面向对象编程语言的基础知识, 则可以通过阅读以下示例之一 来了解Selenium如何运行Selenese命令. 要查看特定语言的示例, 请选择以下按钮之一.\nCSharp using System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { selenium.Open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;selenium rc - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } Java /** Add JUnit framework to your classpath if not already there * for this example to work */ package com.example.tests; import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; import java.util.regex.Pattern; public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } Php \u0026lt;?php require_once \u0026#39;PHPUnit/Extensions/SeleniumTestCase.php\u0026#39;; class Example extends PHPUnit_Extensions_SeleniumTestCase { function setUp() { $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); } function testMyTestCase() { $this-\u0026gt;open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;assertTrue($this-\u0026gt;isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); } } ?\u0026gt; Python from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() def test_new(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) Ruby require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class NewTest \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase def setup @verification_errors = [] if $selenium @selenium = $selenium else @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 60); @selenium.start end @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_new\u0026#34;) end def teardown @selenium.stop unless $selenium assert_equal [], @verification_errors end def test_new @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load \u0026#34;30000\u0026#34; assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) end end 在下一节中, 我们将说明如何使用生成的代码来构建测试程序.\n编写测试程序 现在, 我们将使用每种受支持的编程语言的示例 来说明如何对自己的测试进行编程. 本质上有两个任务:\n 从Selenium-IDE将脚本生成为代码, 可以选择修改结果. 编写一个非常简单的执行生成代码的主程序.  (可选)您可以采用测试引擎平台, 例如JUnit或Java的TestNG, 或使用NUnit的.NET (如果使用的是其中一种语言).\n在这里, 我们显示特定于语言的示例. 特定语言的API彼此之间往往有所不同, 因此您会为每个API找到单独的解释\n Java C# Python Ruby Perl, PHP  Java 对于Java, 人们使用JUnit或TestNG作为测试引擎.\n某些开发环境(如Eclipse)通过插件直接支持这些环境. 这使它变得更加容易. 讲授JUnit或TestNG不在本文档的范围之内, 但是可以在网上找到资料, 并且可以找到出版物. 如果您恰巧熟悉Java全家桶, 那么您的开发人员将已经具有使用某种测试框架的经验.\n您可能需要将测试类从\u0026rdquo; NewTest\u0026quot;重命名为您自己选择的名称. 另外, 您将需要在语句中更改浏览器打开参数:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Selenium-IDE生成的代码将如下所示. 此示例具有手动添加的注释, 以提高清晰度.\npackage com.example.tests; // We specify the package of our tests  import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this for instantiating a  // browser and making it do what you need.  import java.util.regex.Pattern; // Selenium-IDE add the Pattern module because it\u0026#39;s sometimes used for  // regex validations. You can remove the module if it\u0026#39;s not used in your  // script.  public class NewTest extends SeleneseTestCase { // We create our Selenium test case  public void setUp() throws Exception { setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); // We instantiate and start the browser  } public void testNew() throws Exception { selenium.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;); selenium.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); selenium.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)); // These are the real test steps  } } C# .NET客户端驱动程序可与Microsoft.NET一起使用. 它可以与任何.NET测试框架( 如NUnit或Visual Studio 2005 Team System)一起使用.\nSelenium-IDE假定您将使用NUnit作为测试框架. 您可以在下面的生成的代码中看到这一点. 它包含NUnit的using语句以及相应的NUnit属性, 这些属性标识测试类的每个成员函数的角色.\n您可能必须将测试类从\u0026rdquo; NewTest\u0026quot;重命名为您自己选择的名称. 另外, 您将需要在语句中更改浏览器打开参数:\nselenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); 生成的代码将类似于此.\nusing System; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Threading; using NUnit.Framework; using Selenium; namespace SeleniumTests { [TestFixture] public class NewTest { private ISelenium selenium; private StringBuilder verificationErrors; [SetUp] public void SetupTest() { selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*iehta\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); verificationErrors = new StringBuilder(); } [TearDown] public void TeardownTest() { try { selenium.Stop(); } catch (Exception) { // Ignore errors if unable to close the browser  } Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;, verificationErrors.ToString()); } [Test] public void TheNewTest() { // Open Google search engine.  selenium.Open(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); // Assert Title of page.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Google\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); // Provide search term as \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;  selenium.Type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;); // Read the keyed search term and assert it.  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA\u0026#34;, selenium.GetValue(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Click on Search button.  selenium.Click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); // Wait for page to load.  selenium.WaitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;5000\u0026#34;); // Assert that \u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34; is available in search results.  Assert.IsTrue(selenium.IsTextPresent(\u0026#34;www.openqa.org\u0026#34;)); // Assert that page title is - \u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;  Assert.AreEqual(\u0026#34;Selenium OpenQA - Google Search\u0026#34;, selenium.GetTitle()); } } } 您可以允许NUnit管理测试的执行. 或者, 您可以编写一个简单的 main() 程序, 该程序实例化测试对象并依次运行三个方法 SetupTest(), TheNewTest()和 TeardownTest() .\nPython Pyunit是用于Python的测试框架.\n基本测试结构是:\nfrom selenium import selenium # This is the driver\u0026#39;s import. You\u0026#39;ll use this class for instantiating a # browser and making it do what you need. import unittest, time, re # This are the basic imports added by Selenium-IDE by default. # You can remove the modules if they are not used in your script. class NewTest(unittest.TestCase): # We create our unittest test case def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] # This is an empty array where we will store any verification errors # we find in our tests self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() # We instantiate and start the browser def test_new(self): # This is the test code. Here you should put the actions you need # the browser to do during your test. sel = self.selenium # We assign the browser to the variable \u0026#34;sel\u0026#34; (just to save us from  # typing \u0026#34;self.selenium\u0026#34; each time we want to call the browser). sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;) sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34;) sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;) self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;)) # These are the real test steps def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() # we close the browser (I\u0026#39;d recommend you to comment this line while # you are creating and debugging your tests) self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) # And make the test fail if we found that any verification errors # were found Ruby Selenium-IDE的旧版本(2.0之前的版本)生成 需要旧Selenium gem的Ruby代码. 因此, 建议如下更新IDE生成的所有Ruby脚本:\n  在第一行, 修改 require \u0026quot;selenium\u0026quot; 为 require \u0026quot;selenium/client\u0026quot;\n  在第十一行, 修改 Selenium::SeleniumDriver.new 为 Selenium::Client::Driver.new\n  您可能还希望将类名更改为比\u0026quot;无标题\u0026quot;更具信息性的名称, 并将测试方法的名称更改为 \u0026ldquo;test_untitled\u0026quot;以外的名称.\n这是一个通过修改Selenium IDE 生成的Ruby代码创建的简单示例, 如上所述.\n# load the Selenium-Client gem require \u0026#34;selenium/client\u0026#34; # Load Test::Unit, Ruby\u0026#39;s default test framework. # If you prefer RSpec, see the examples in the Selenium-Client # documentation. require \u0026#34;test/unit\u0026#34; class Untitled \u0026lt; Test::Unit::TestCase # The setup method is called before each test. def setup # This array is used to capture errors and display them at the # end of the test run. @verification_errors = [] # Create a new instance of the Selenium-Client driver. @selenium = Selenium::Client::Driver.new \\ :host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, :port =\u0026gt; 4444, :browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*chrome\u0026#34;, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, :timeout_in_second =\u0026gt; 60 # Start the browser session @selenium.start # Print a message in the browser-side log and status bar # (optional). @selenium.set_context(\u0026#34;test_untitled\u0026#34;) end # The teardown method is called after each test. def teardown # Stop the browser session. @selenium.stop # Print the array of error messages, if any. assert_equal [], @verification_errors end # This is the main body of your test. def test_untitled # Open the root of the site we specified when we created the # new driver instance, above. @selenium.open \u0026#34;/\u0026#34; # Type \u0026#39;selenium rc\u0026#39; into the field named \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; @selenium.type \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium rc\u0026#34; # Click the button named \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; @selenium.click \u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34; # Wait for the search results page to load. # Note that we don\u0026#39;t need to set a timeout here, because that # was specified when we created the new driver instance, above. @selenium.wait_for_page_to_load begin # Test whether the search results contain the expected text. # Notice that the star (*) is a wildcard that matches any # number of characters. assert @selenium.is_text_present(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium rc\u0026#34;) rescue Test::Unit::AssertionFailedError # If the assertion fails, push it onto the array of errors. @verification_errors \u0026lt;\u0026lt; $! end end end Perl, PHP 文档团队的成员尚未将Selenium RC与Perl或PHP一起使用. 如果您将Selenium RC和这两种语言一起使用, 请联系文档团队(请参阅贡献一章). 我们很乐意提供一些您的经验和示例, 以支持Perl和PHP用户.\n学习 API Selenium RC API使用命名约定, 假设您了解Selenese, 则大部分接口将是不言自明的. 但是, 在这里, 我们解释了最关键且可能不太明显的方面.\n启动浏览器 CSharp selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); selenium.Start(); Java setUp(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); Perl my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium-\u0026gt;new( host =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, port =\u0026gt; 4444, browser =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, browser_url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34; ); Php $this-\u0026gt;setBrowser(\u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;); $this-\u0026gt;setBrowserUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); Python self.selenium = selenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) self.selenium.start() Ruby @selenium = Selenium::ClientDriver.new(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/\u0026#34;, 10000); @selenium.start 这些示例中的每一个都打开浏览器 并通过为程序变量分配\u0026quot;浏览器实例\u0026quot;来表示该浏览器. 然后, 该程序变量用于从浏览器调用方法. 这些方法执行Selenium命令, 即 open 或 type 或 verify 命令.\n创建浏览器实例时所需的参数是:\n  host 指定服务器所在计算机的IP地址. 通常, 这是与客户端运行所在的计算机相同的主机, 因此在这种情况下, 将传递本地主机. 在某些客户端中, 这是可选参数\n  port 指定服务器正在侦听的TCP/IP套接字, 以等待客户端建立连接. 在某些客户端驱动程序中这也是可选的.\n  browser 您要在其中运行测试的浏览器. 这是一个必需的参数.\n  url 被测应用程序的基本URL. 这是所有客户端库所必需的, 并且是启动浏览器-代理-AUT通信所必需的信息\n  请注意, 某些客户端库要求通过调用浏览器的 start() 方法 来明确启动浏览器.\n运行命令 将浏览器初始化并分配给变量(通常称为\u0026quot;Selenium\u0026rdquo;)后, 可以通过从浏览器变量调用相应的方法来使其运行Selenese命令. 例如, 调用Selenium对象的 type 方法:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;field-id\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;string to type\u0026#34;) 在后台, 浏览器实际上将执行 type 操作, 该操作基本上与用户通过以下方式在浏览器中键入输入相同： 使用定位符和您在方法调用期间指定的字符串.\n报告结果 Selenium RC没有自己的报告结果机制. 相反, 它允许您使用所选编程语言的功能来构建根据需要定制的报告. 太好了, 但是如果您只是想快速地为您完成某件事, 该怎么办？ 与开发自己的测试报告代码相比, 现有的库或测试框架通常可以更快地满足您的需求.\n测试框架报告工具 测试框架可用于许多编程语言. 这些功能以及提供用于执行测试的灵活测试引擎的主要功能, 包括用于报告结果的库代码. 例如, Java有两个常用的测试框架, 即JUnit和TestNG. .NET也有自己的NUnit\n我们不会在这里教框架本身； 这超出了本用户指南的范围. 我们将简单介绍与Selenium相关的框架功能以及您可以应用的一些技术. 这些测试框架上都有不错的书籍, 但是互联网上的信息也很多.\n测试报告库 还提供了专门创建的第三方库, 用于以您选择的编程语言报告测试结果. 这些通常支持多种格式, 例如HTML或PDF.\n最好的方法是什么? 大多数测试框架的新手都将从框架的内置报告功能开始. 从那里开始, 大多数人会检查任何可用的库, 因为与开发自己的库相比, 这样做所花的时间更少. 毫无疑问, 当您开始使用Selenium时, 您将开始输入自己的\u0026quot;打印报表\u0026quot;来报告进度. 这可能会逐渐导致您开发自己的报告, 这可能与使用库或测试框架同时进行. 无论如何, 经过最初但短暂的学习后, 您自然会开发出最适合自己情况的方法.\n测试报告示例 为了说明, 我们将指导您使用Selenium支持的其他一些语言的一些特定工具. 此处列出的是常用的, 并且由本指南的作者广泛使用(因此建议使用).\nJava测试报告   如果使用JUnit开发了Selenium测试用例, 则可以使用JUnit报告生成测试报告.\n  如果使用TestNG开发了Selenium测试用例, 则无需外部任务即可生成测试报告. TestNG框架生成一个HTML报告, 其中列出了测试的详细信息.\n  ReportNG是用于TestNG框架的HTML报告插件. 它旨在替代默认的TestNG HTML报告. ReportNG提供了简单的, 以颜色编码的测试结果视图.\n  记录Selenese命令  记录Selenium可以用于生成测试中所有Selenese命令 以及每个命令的成功或失败的报告. 记录Selenium扩展了Java客户端驱动程序 以添加此Selenese记录功能.  Python测试报告  使用Python客户端驱动程序时, 可以使用HTMLTestRunner生成测试报告.  Ruby测试报告  如果RSpec框架用于在Ruby中编写Selenium测试用例, 则其HTML报告可用于生成测试报告.  为测试加料 现在, 我们将介绍使用Selenium RC的全部原因, 并在测试中添加编程逻辑. 与任何程序相同. 程序流使用条件语句和迭代进行控制. 另外, 您可以使用I/O报告进度信息. 在本节中, 我们将展示一些示例, 说明如何将编程语言构造与Selenium结合以解决常见的测试问题.\n当您从对页面元素存在的简单测试 过渡到涉及多个网页和变化数据的动态功能测试时, 您将需要编程逻辑来验证预期结果. 基本上, Selenium-IDE不支持迭代和标准条件语句. 您可以通过将Javascript嵌入 Selenese参数中来执行某些条件, 但是迭代是不可能的, 并且大多数条件在编程语言. 此外, 您可能需要进行异常处理才能恢复错误. 出于这些原因及其他原因, 我们在本节中进行了说明, 以说明如何使用常见的编程技术为您的自动化测试提供更大的\u0026quot;验证能力\u0026rdquo;.\n本节中的示例使用C＃和Java编写, 尽管代码很简单并且可以轻松地适应其他受支持的语言. 如果您对面向对象的编程语言有一些基本的了解, 那么本部分将不难理解.\n迭代 迭代是人们在测试中需要做的最常见的事情之一. 例如, 您可能要多次执行搜索. 或者, 可能是为了验证测试结果, 您需要处理从数据库返回的\u0026quot;结果集\u0026rdquo;.\n使用我们之前使用的相同Google搜索示例, 让我们检查Selenium搜索结果. 该测试可以使用Selenese:\n          open /    type q selenium rc   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium rc    type q selenium ide   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium ide    type q selenium grid   clickAndWait btnG    assertTextPresent Results * for selenium grid     该代码已重复执行3次相同的步骤. 但是, 同一代码的多个副本不是良好的编程习惯, 因为维护起来需要做更多的工作. 通过使用编程语言, 我们可以遍历搜索结果以提供更灵活和可维护的解决方案.\n在 C# 中 // Collection of String values.  String[] arr = {\u0026#34;ide\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;rc\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;grid\u0026#34;}; // Execute loop for each String in array \u0026#39;arr\u0026#39;.  foreach (String s in arr) { sel.open(\u0026#34;/\u0026#34;); sel.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); sel.click(\u0026#34;btnG\u0026#34;); sel.waitForPageToLoad(\u0026#34;30000\u0026#34;); assertTrue(\u0026#34;Expected text: \u0026#34; +s+ \u0026#34; is missing on page.\u0026#34; , sel.isTextPresent(\u0026#34;Results * for selenium \u0026#34; + s)); } 条件陈述 为了说明在测试中的使用条件, 我们将从一个示例开始. 当页面上没有预期的元素时, 会发生运行Selenium测试时遇到的常见问题. 例如, 当运行以下行时:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium \u0026#34; +s); 如果页面上没有元素\u0026quot;q\u0026rdquo;, 则抛出异常:\ncom.thoughtworks.selenium.SeleniumException: ERROR: Element q not found 这可能会导致测试中止. 对于某些测试, 这就是您想要的. 但是通常这是不希望的, 因为您的测试脚本还有许多其他后续测试需要执行.\n更好的方法是先验证元素是否确实存在, 然后在元素不存在时采取替代方法. 让我们用Java看一下\n// If element is available on page then perform type operation.  if(selenium.isElementPresent(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) { selenium.type(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Selenium rc\u0026#34;); } else { System.out.printf(\u0026#34;Element: \u0026#34; +q+ \u0026#34; is not available on page.\u0026#34;) } 这种方法的优点是即使页面上某些UI元素不可用, 也可以继续执行测试.\n从测试中执行JavaScript 在执行Selenium不直接支持的应用程序时, JavaScript非常方便. Selenium API的 getEval 方法.\n考虑具有复选框的应用程序, 该复选框没有静态标识符. 在这种情况下, 可以评估Selenium RC中的JavaScript以获取所有复选框的ID, 然后执行它们.\npublic static String[] getAllCheckboxIds () { String script = \u0026#34;var inputId = new Array();\u0026#34;;// Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;var cnt = 0;\u0026#34;; // Counter for check box ids. \tscript += \u0026#34;var inputFields = new Array();\u0026#34;; // Create array in java script. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputFields = window.document.getElementsByTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;; // Collect input elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;for(var i=0; i\u0026lt;inputFields.length; i++) {\u0026#34;; // Loop through the collected elements. \tscript += \u0026#34;if(inputFields[i].id !=null \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].id !=\u0026#39;undefined\u0026#39; \u0026#34; + \u0026#34;\u0026amp;\u0026amp; inputFields[i].getAttribute(\u0026#39;type\u0026#39;) == \u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;) {\u0026#34;; // If input field is of type check box and input id is not null. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId[cnt]=inputFields[i].id ;\u0026#34; + // Save check box id to inputId array. \t\u0026#34;cnt++;\u0026#34; + // increment the counter. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34; + // end of if. \t\u0026#34;}\u0026#34;; // end of for. \tscript += \u0026#34;inputId.toString();\u0026#34; ;// Convert array in to string.\t\tString[] checkboxIds = selenium.getEval(script).split(\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;); // Split the string. \treturn checkboxIds; } 计算页面上的图像数量:\nselenium.getEval(\u0026#34;window.document.images.length;\u0026#34;); 记住要在DOM表达式的情况下使用window对象, 因为默认情况下是指Selenium窗口, 而不是测试窗口.\n服务器选项 启动服务器时, 命令行选项可用于更改默认服务器行为.\n回想一下, 通过运行以下命令来启动服务器.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar 要查看选项列表, 请使用 -h 选项运行服务器.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -h 您会看到服务器可以使用的所有选项的列表 以及每个选项的简要说明. 提供的描述并不总是足够的, 因此我们提供了一些更重要选项的解释.\n代理配置 如果您的AUT在需要身份验证的HTTP代理后面, 则应使用以下命令配置http.proxyHost, http.proxyPort, http.proxyUser 和http.proxyPassword.\n$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -Dhttp.proxyHost=proxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=8080 -Dhttp.proxyUser=username -Dhttp.proxyPassword=password 多窗口模式 如果您使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则可能会跳过本节, 因为多窗口模式是默认行为. 但是, 在版本1.0之前, Selenium默认在子frame中运行测试中的应用程序, 如下所示.\n某些应用程序无法在子框架中正常运行, 需要将其加载到窗口的顶部框架中. 多窗口模式选项允许AUT在单独的窗口中运行, 而不是在默认帧中运行, 然后在默认帧中可以拥有所需的顶部帧.\n对于旧版本的Selenium, 您必须使用以下选项明确指定多窗口模式:\n-multiwindow 从Selenium RC 1.0开始, 如果您想在一个框架内运行测试(即使用早期Selenium版本的标准), 则可以使用选项将此状态指定给Selenium服务器\n-singlewindow 指定Firefox配置文件 除非您为每个实例分别指定一个配置文件, 否则Firefox将不会同时运行两个实例. Selenium RC 1.0和更高版本会自动在单独的配置文件中运行, 因此, 如果您使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则可以跳过本节. 但是, 如果您使用的是旧版本的Selenium, 或者需要使用特定的配置文件进行测试 (例如添加https证书或安装了一些插件), 则需要明确指定配置文件.\n首先, 要创建一个单独的Firefox配置文件, 请遵循以下步骤. 打开Windows\u0026quot;开始\u0026quot;菜单, 选择\u0026quot;运行\u0026rdquo;, 然后键入并输入以下内容之一:\nfirefox.exe -profilemanager firefox.exe -P 使用对话框创建新的配置文件. 然后, 当您运行Selenium服务器时, 告诉它使用带有服务器命令行选项 -firefoxProfileTemplate 的 新Firefox配置文件, 并使用其文件名和目录路径指定配置文件的路径.\n-firefoxProfileTemplate \u0026#34;path to the profile\u0026#34; 注意: 确保将您的个人资料放在默认文件夹之外的新文件夹中！！！！ 如果删除配置文件, 则Firefox配置文件管理器工具将删除文件夹中的所有文件, 无论它们是否是配置文件.\n有关Firefox配置文件的更多信息, 请参见 Mozilla的知识库\n使用-htmlSuite在服务器内直接运行Selenese 通过将html文件传递到服务器的命令行, 可以直接在Selenium 服务器中运行Selenese html文件. 例如:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\HTMLSuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;c:\\absolute\\path\\to\\my\\results.html\u0026#34; 这将自动启动您的HTML套件, 运行所有测试并保存带有结果的漂亮HTML报告.\n注意: 使用此选项时, 服务器将启动测试并等待指定的秒数以完成测试； 否则, 服务器将停止测试. 如果在这段时间内未完成测试, 则该命令将以非零的退出代码退出, 并且不会生成任何结果文件.\n此命令行很长, 因此在键入时要小心. 请注意, 这要求您传递HTML Selenese套件, 而不是单个测试. 另请注意-htmlSuite选项与 -interactive不兼容, 您不能同时运行两者e.\nSelenium 服务器日志 服务端日志 启动Selenium服务器时, -log 选项可用于 将Selenium服务器报告的有价值的调试信息 记录到文本文件中.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -log selenium.log 该日志文件比标准控制台日志更详细 (它包含DEBUG级别的日志消息). 日志文件还包括记录器名称和记录消息的线程的ID号. 例如:\n20:44:25 DEBUG [12] org.openqa.selenium.server.SeleniumDriverResourceHandler - Browser 465828/:top frame1 posted START NEW 消息格式为\nTIMESTAMP(HH:mm:ss) LEVEL [THREAD] LOGGER - MESSAGE 此消息可能是多行.\n浏览器端日志 浏览器端的JavaScript(Selenium Core)也记录重要消息. 在许多情况下, 这些对于最终用户比常规的Selenium 服务器日志更有用. 要访问浏览器端日志, 请将 -browserSideLog参数传递给Selenium服务器.\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-\u0026lt;version-number\u0026gt;.jar -browserSideLog -browserSideLog 必须与 -log 参数结合使用, 以将browserSideLogs(以及所有其他DEBUG级别的日志记录消息)记录到文件中.\n指定特定浏览器的路径 您可以为Selenium RC指定到特定浏览器的路径. 如果您使用同一浏览器的不同版本, 并且希望使用特定的浏览器, 这将很有用. 另外, 它用于允许您的测试在Selenium RC不直接支持的浏览器上运行. 在指定运行模式时, 请使用*custom说明符, 后跟浏览器可执行文件的完整路径:\n*custom \u0026lt;path to browser\u0026gt; Selenium RC 架构 注意: 本主题试图说明Selenium RC背后的技术实现. Selenium用户了解这一点并不是基本知识, 但对于理解您将来可能会发现的一些问题可能很有用.\n要详细了解Selenium RC Server的工作原理 以及为什么使用代理注入和增强特权模式, 您必须首先了解 同源政策.\n同源策略 Selenium面临的主要限制是同源策略. 此安全限制适用于市场上的每个浏览器, 其目的是确保一个站点的内容永远不会被另一个站点的脚本访问. 同源策略规定, 浏览器中加载的任何代码只能在该网站的域内运行. 它无法在其他网站上执行功能. 因此, 例如, 如果浏览器在加载www.mysite.com时加载了JavaScript代码, 则即使该网站是您的另一个网站, 也无法针对www.mysite2.com运行该加载的代码. 如果可能的话, 如果您在其他标签上打开了帐户页面, 则在您打开的任何网站上放置的脚本都将能够读取银行帐户上的信息. 这称为XSS(跨站点脚本).\n要在此政策下工作, 必须将Selenium-Core(及其实现所有魔术的JavaScript命令) 放置在与被测应用程序相同的来源(相同的URL)中.\n从历史上看, Selenium-Core受此问题限制, 因为它是用JavaScript实现的. 但是, Selenium RC不受\u0026quot;同一来源\u0026quot;政策的限制. 它使用Selenium服务器作为代理可以避免此问题. 从本质上讲, 它告诉浏览器该浏览器正在服务器提供的单个\u0026quot;欺骗\u0026quot;网站上工作.\n注意: 您可以在Wikipedia页面上找到有关此主题的其他信息, 这些信息与同源策略和XSS有关.\n代理注入 Selenium用来避免\u0026quot;同源策略\u0026quot;的第一种方法是代理注入. 在代理注入模式下, Selenium 服务器充当客户端配置的 HTTP proxy 1 位于浏览器和Test2中. 然后, 它在虚构的URL下掩盖AUT (嵌入Selenium-Core和测试集, 并像它们来自同一来源一样进行交付).\n以下是架构图.\n当测试套件以您喜欢的语言开始时, 会发生以下情况:\n 客户端/驱动程序与Selenium-RC服务器建立连接. Selenium RC服务器启动带有URL的浏览器(或重用旧的浏览器), 该URL将Selenium-Core的JavaScript注入浏览器加载的网页中. 客户端驱动程序将Selenese命令传递到服务器. 服务器解释命令, 然后触发相应的JavaScript执行以在浏览器中执行该命令. Selenium-Core指示浏览器按照第一条指令操作, 通常会打开AUT的页面. 浏览器收到打开的请求, 并从Selenium RC服务器 (设置为供浏览器使用的HTTP代理) 中请求网站的内容. Selenium RC服务器与Web服务器进行通信以请求页面, 并在收到页面后将页面发送给浏览器, 以掩盖其来源, 以使页面看起来与Selenium-Core来自同一服务器 (这使Selenium-Core可以遵从使用同源策略). 浏览器接收网页并将其呈现在为其保留的框架/窗口中.  特权浏览器 此方法中的此工作流程与代理注入非常相似, 但主要区别在于浏览器以一种称为 增强特权 的特殊模式启动, 该模式允许网站执行通常不允许的操作 (例如XSS_或填充文件上传输入)和对Selenium非常有用的东西). 通过使用这些浏览器模式, Selenium Core能够直接打开AUT并与其内容进行读取/交互, 而不必将整个AUT传递给Selenium RC服务器.\n以下是架构图.\n当测试套件以您喜欢的语言开始时, 会发生以下情况:\n 客户端/驱动程序与Selenium-RC服务器建立连接. Selenium RC服务器启动一个带有URL的浏览器(或重用旧的浏览器), 该URL将在网页中加载Selenium-Core. Selenium-Core从客户端/驱动程序获取第一条指令 (通过向Selenium RC服务器发出的另一个HTTP请求). Selenium-Core对该第一条指令起作用, 通常会打开AUT的页面. 浏览器收到打开请求, 并向Web服务器询问该页面. 浏览器收到网页后, 将其呈现在为其保留的框架/窗口中.  处理HTTPS和安全弹出窗口 当许多应用程序需要发送加密的信息(例如密码或信用卡信息)时, 它们从使用HTTP切换到HTTPS. 这在当今的许多网络应用程序中很常见. Selenium RC支持这一点.\n为了确保HTTPS站点是真实的, 浏览器将需要安全证书. 否则, 当浏览器使用HTTPS访问AUT时, 将假定该应用程序不被\u0026quot;信任\u0026rdquo;. 发生这种情况时, 浏览器将显示安全弹出窗口, 并且无法使用Selenium RC关闭这些弹出窗口\n在Selenium RC测试中处理HTTPS时, 必须使用支持该模式并为您处理安全证书的运行模式. 您在测试程序初始化Selenium时指定运行模式.\n在Selenium RC 1.0 beta 2和更高版本中, 将*firefox或*iexplore用于运行模式. 在早期版本中, 包括Selenium RC 1.0 beta 1, 在运行模式中使用*chrome或*iehta. 使用这些运行模式, 您将不需要安装任何特殊的安全证书. Selenium RC会为您处理.\n在1.0版中, 建议使用运行模式*firefox或*iexplore. 但是, 还有*iexploreproxy和*firefoxproxy的其他运行模式. 提供这些仅是为了向后兼容, 除非传统测试程序要求, 否则不应使用它们. 如果您的应用程序打开其他浏览器窗口, 则它们的使用将对安全证书处理和多个窗口的运行产生限制.\n在早期版本的Selenium RC中, *chrome或*iehta是支持HTTPS和安全弹出窗口处理的运行模式. 尽管它们变得相当稳定并且许多人使用了它们, 但这些被认为是\u0026quot;实验模式\u0026rdquo;. 如果使用的是Selenium 1.0, 则不需要, 也不应使用这些较早的运行模式.\n安全证书说明 通常, 浏览器将通过安装您已经拥有的安全证书来信任您正在测试的应用程序. 您可以在浏览器的选项或Internet属性中进行检查 (如果您不知道AUT的安全证书, 请咨询系统管理员). 当Selenium加载浏览器时, 它将注入代码以拦截浏览器和服务器之间的消息. 浏览器现在认为不受信任的软件正试图看起来像您的应用程序. 它通过弹出消息提醒您.\n为解决此问题, Selenium RC(再次使用支持此功能的运行模式时) 将在浏览器可以访问它的位置临时将其自己的安全证书安装到客户端计算机上. 这会欺骗浏览器以使其正在访问的网站与您的AUT不同, 从而有效地抑制了弹出窗口.\nSelenium早期版本使用的另一种方法是安装Selenium安装随附的Cybervillians安全证书. 但是, 大多数用户不再需要这样做. 如果您以代理注入模式运行Selenium RC, 则可能需要显式安装此安全证书.\n支持其他浏览器和浏览器配置 除了Internet Explorer和Mozilla Firefox外, Selenium API还支持在多种浏览器上运行. 请访问https://selenium.dev网站以获取受支持的浏览器. 另外, 当不直接支持浏览器时, 您仍然可以在测试应用程序启动时通过使用 \u0026ldquo;*custom\u0026quot;运行模式(即代替*firefox或*iexplore) 对所选浏览器运行Selenium测试. 这样, 您可以将路径传递到API调用内的浏览器可执行文件. 也可以从服务器以交互方式完成此操作.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\MyBrowser.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 使用不同的浏览器配置运行测试 通常, Selenium RC自动配置浏览器, 但是如果您使用\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;运行模式启动浏览器, 则可以强制Selenium RC照原样启动浏览器, 而无需使用自动配置.\n例如, 您可以使用这样的自定义配置启动Firefox:\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*custom c:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com 请注意, 以这种方式启动浏览器时, 必须手动配置浏览器以将Selenium服务器用作代理. 通常, 这仅意味着打开浏览器首选项并将\u0026quot;localhost:4444\u0026quot;指定为HTTP代理, 但是不同浏览器的说明可能会有根本不同. 有关详细信息, 请查阅浏览器的文档.\n请注意, Mozilla浏览器的启动和停止方式可能会有所不同. 可能需要设置MOZ_NO_REMOTE环境变量, 以使Mozilla浏览器的行为更加可预测. Unix用户应避免使用Shell脚本启动浏览器. 通常最好直接使用二进制可执行文件(例如firefox-bin).\n解决常见问题 在开始使用Selenium RC时, 通常会遇到一些潜在的问题. 我们在这里介绍它们及其解决方案.\n无法连接到服务器 当您的测试程序无法连接到Selenium 服务器时, Selenium会在您的测试程序中引发异常. 它应该显示此消息或类似的消息:\n\u0026#34;Unable to connect to remote server (Inner Exception Message: No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it )\u0026#34; (using .NET and XP Service Pack 2) 如果看到这样的消息, 请确保已启动Selenium服务器. 如果是这样, 则Selenium客户端库和Selenium服务器之间的连接存在问题.\n从Selenium RC开始时, 大多数人开始是在同一台计算机上运行测试程序(带有Selenium客户端库) 和Selenium服务器. 为此, 请使用\u0026quot;localhost\u0026quot;作为连接参数. 我们建议您以这种方式开始, 因为它可以减少您入门时可能出现的网络问题的影响. 假设您的操作系统具有典型的网络和TCP/IP设置, 那么您应该没有什么困难. 实际上, 许多人选择以这种方式运行测试.\n但是, 如果您确实想在远程计算机上运行Selenium服务器, 则假设两台计算机之间具有有效的TCP/IP连接, 则连接应该很好.\n如果连接困难, 可以使用常用的网络工具, 例如ping, telnet, ifconfig(Unix)/ipconfig (Windows) 等, 以确保您具有有效的网络连接. 如果不熟悉这些, 则系统管理员可以为您提供帮助.\n无法加载浏览器 好的, 这并非友好的错误消息, 很抱歉, 但是如果Selenium服务器无法加载浏览器, 您可能会看到此错误.\n(500) Internal Server Error 这可能是由于\n Firefox(Selenium 1.0之前的版本)无法启动, 因为浏览器已经打开, 并且您未指定单独的配置文件. 请参阅\u0026quot;服务器选项\u0026quot;下有关Firefox配置文件的部分 您使用的运行模式与您计算机上的任何浏览器都不匹配. 程序打开浏览器时检查您传递给Selenium的参数. 您已明确指定浏览器的路径(使用\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026rdquo; –参见上文), 但该路径不正确. 检查以确保路径正确. 还要检查用户组, 以确保浏览器和\u0026rdquo;*custom\u0026quot;参数没有已知问题.  Selenium 找不到AUT 如果您的测试程序成功启动了浏览器, 但是浏览器未显示您正在测试的网站, 则最可能的原因是您的测试程序未使用正确的URL.\n这很容易发生. 当您使用Selenium-IDE导出脚本时, 它会插入一个虚拟URL. 您必须手动将URL更改为正确的URL才能测试您的应用程序.\nFirefox在准备配置文件时拒绝关闭 最常见的情况是在Firefox上运行Selenium RC测试程序, 但是已经运行了Firefox浏览器会话, 并且在启动Selenium服务器时未指定单独的配置文件. 测试程序中的错误如下所示:\nError: java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile 以下是来自服务器的完整错误消息:\n16:20:03.919 INFO - Preparing Firefox profile... 16:20:27.822 WARN - GET /selenium-server/driver/?cmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*fir efox\u0026amp;2=http%3a%2f%2fsage-webapp1.qa.idc.com HTTP/1.1 java.lang.RuntimeException: Firefox refused shutdown while preparing a profile at org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her.waitForFullProfileToBeCreated(FirefoxCustomProfileLauncher.java:277) ... Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.server.browserlaunchers.FirefoxCustomProfileLaunc her$FileLockRemainedException: Lock file still present! C:\\DOCUME~1\\jsvec\\LOCALS ~1\\Temp\\customProfileDir203138\\parent.lock 要解决此问题, 请参阅\u0026quot;指定单独的Firefox配置文件\u0026quot;部分\n版本问题 确保您的Selenium版本支持您的浏览器版本. 例如, Selenium RC 0.92不支持Firefox3. 有时您可能很幸运(例如我). 但不要忘记检查您使用的Selenium版本支持哪些浏览器版本. 如有疑问, 请使用最新版本的Selenium和浏览器使用最广泛的版本.\n启动服务器时出现错误消息: \u0026ldquo;(不支持的major.minor版本49.0)\u0026rdquo; 此错误表明您使用的Java版本不正确. Selenium服务器需要Java 1.5或更高版本.\n要检查您的Java版本, 请从命令行运行.\njava -version 您应该看到一条消息, 显示Java版本.\njava version \u0026#34;1.5.0_07\u0026#34; Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_07-b03) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 1.5.0_07-b03, mixed mode) 如果看到较低的版本号, 则可能需要更新JRE, 或者只需将其添加到PATH环境变量中即可.\n404 error when running the getNewBrowserSession command 如果尝试打开\u0026rdquo; http://www.google.com/selenium-server/\u0026quot;上的页面时遇到404错误, 则一定是因为Selenium服务器未正确配置为代理. Selenium-server\u0026quot;目录在google.com上不存在； 仅当正确配置了代理后, 该目录才存在. 代理配置在很大程度上取决于如何使用firefox, iexplore, opera或custom启动浏览器.\n  iexplore：如果使用*iexplore启动浏览器, 则可能是Internet Explorer的代理设置有问题. Selenium服务器尝试在Internet选项控制面板中配置全局代理设置. 您必须确保在Selenium服务器启动浏览器时正确配置了这些配置. 尝试查看\u0026rdquo; Internet选项\u0026quot;控制面板. 单击\u0026quot;连接\u0026quot;选项卡, 然后单击\u0026quot;局域网设置\u0026rdquo;.\n 如果您需要使用代理来访问要测试的应用程序, 则需要使用\u0026rdquo; -Dhttp.proxyHost\u0026quot;启动Selenium服务器. 有关更多详细信息, 请参见 代理配置 . 您也可以尝试手动配置代理, 然后使用*custom或*iehta浏览器启动器启动浏览器.    custom: 使用*custom时, 必须正确(手动)配置代理, 否则会出现404错误. 仔细检查您是否正确配置了代理设置. 要检查您是否正确配置了代理, 则是试图故意不正确地配置浏览器. 尝试将浏览器配置为使用错误的代理服务器主机名或错误的端口. 如果您错误地成功配置了浏览器的代理设置, 则浏览器将无法连接到Internet, 这是一种确保正在调整相关设置的方法.\n  对于其他浏览器(*firefox, *opera), 我们会自动为您硬编码代理, 因此此功能没有已知问题. 如果您遇到404错误, 并已按照本用户指南进行操作, 请仔细将结果发布到用户组, 以获取用户社区的帮助.\n  权限被拒绝错误 发生此错误的最常见原因是您的会话试图跨域 (例如, 从http://domain1访问页面, 然后从http://domain2访问页面)来违反同源策略. 协议(从http://domainX移至https://domainX).\n当JavaScript尝试查找尚不可用 (在页面完全加载之前)或不再可用 (在页面开始卸载之后)的UI对象时, 也会发生此错误. 最常见的情况是AJAX页面正在处理页面的某些部分 或独立于较大页面而加载和/或重新加载的子frame.\n该错误可能是间歇性的. 通常, 用调试器不可能重现该问题, 因为问题是由于竞争条件引起的, 当将调试器的开销添加到系统中时, 这些竞争条件是无法再现的. 许可问题在本教程中进行了详细介绍. 仔细阅读有关同源策略, 代理注入的部分.\n处理浏览器弹出窗口 在Selenium测试中可以得到几种\u0026quot;弹出窗口\u0026rdquo;. 如果Selenium命令是由浏览器而不是AUT发起的, 则可能无法通过运行Selenium命令来关闭这些弹出窗口. 您可能需要知道如何进行管理. 每种类型的弹出窗口都需要以不同的方式处理.\n  HTTP基本身份验证对话框： 这些对话框提示输入用户名/密码登录到站点. 要登录到需要HTTP基本身份验证的站点, 请使用 RFC 1738中所述的URL中的用户名和密码, 如下所示：open (\u0026rdquo; http//myusername:myuserpassword@myexample.com/blah/blah/blah\u0026rdquo;).\n  SSL证书警告： 当Selenium RC启用为代理时, 它会自动尝试欺骗SSL证书. 请参阅HTTPS部分中的更多内容. 如果您的浏览器配置正确, 您将永远不会看到SSL证书警告, 但是您可能需要将浏览器配置为信任我们危险的\u0026quot;CyberVillains\u0026rdquo; SSL证书颁发机构. 再次, 请参阅HTTPS部分以了解如何执行此操作.\n  模态JavaScript警报/确认/提示对话框： Selenium试图向您隐藏这些对话框 (通过替换window.alert, window.confirm和window.prompt), 以便它们不会停止您页面的执行. 如果您看到警告弹出窗口, 可能是因为它是在页面加载过程中触发的, 对于我们而言, 保护该页面通常为时过早. Selenese包含用于断言或验证警报和确认弹出窗口的命令. 请参阅第4章中有关这些主题的部分.\n  在Linux上, 为什么我的Firefox浏览器会话没有关闭? 在Unix/Linux上, 您必须直接调用\u0026quot;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo;, 因此请确保路径中包含可执行文件. 如果通过外壳程序脚本执行Firefox, 则该终止浏览器了. SeleniumRC将终止该外壳程序脚本, 使浏览器保持运行状态. 您可以像这样直接指定firefox-bin的路径.\ncmd=getNewBrowserSession\u0026amp;1=*firefox /usr/local/firefox/firefox-bin\u0026amp;2=http://www.google.com Firefox *chrome不适用于自定义配置文件 检查Firefox配置文件文件夹 -\u0026gt; prefs.js-\u0026gt; \u0026ldquo;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; 像这样注释此行：\u0026quot;//user_pref(\u0026ldquo;browser.startup.page\u0026rdquo;, 0);\u0026rdquo; 然后再试一次.\n是否可以在加载父页面时加载自定义弹出窗口(即, 在父页面的javascript window.onload()函数运行之前) 否. Selenium依靠拦截器来确定正在加载的窗口名称. 如果在onload()函数之后加载窗口, 则这些拦截器最适合捕获新窗口. Selenium可能无法识别在onload功能之前加载的Windows.\nLinux上的Firefox 在Unix/Linux上, Selenium 1.0之前的版本需要直接调用\u0026quot;firefox-bin\u0026rdquo;, 因此, 如果您使用的是以前的版本, 请确保路径中包含真正的可执行文件.\n在大多数Linux发行版中, 真正的 firefox-bin 位于:\n/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/ 其中x.x.x是您当前拥有的版本号. 因此, 要将该路径添加到用户的路径. 您将必须将以下内容添加到您的.bashrc文件中:\nexport PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/\u0026#34; 如有必要, 您可以在测试中直接指定firefox-bin的路径, 如下所示:\n\u0026#34;*firefox /usr/lib/firefox-x.x.x/firefox-bin\u0026#34; IE和样式属性 如果您在Internet Explorer上运行测试, 则无法使用其 style 属性来查找元素. 例如:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;background-color:yellow\u0026#34;] 这将在Firefox, Opera或Safari中完美运行, 但不适用于IE. IE将 @style 中的键解释为大写. 因此, 即使源代码是小写的, 您也应该使用:\n//td[@style=\u0026#34;BACKGROUND-COLOR:yellow\u0026#34;] 如果您的测试打算在多个浏览器上运行, 那么这将是一个问题, 但是您可以轻松地对测试进行编码以检测情况 并尝试仅在IE中运行的替代定位器.\n遇到错误-随着*googlechrome浏览器的关闭, \u0026ldquo;无法将对象转换为原始值\u0026rdquo; 为避免此错误, 您必须使用禁用 同源策略检查的选项启动浏览器:\nselenium.start(\u0026#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security\u0026#34;); IE中遇到的错误-\u0026ldquo;无法打开应用程序窗口；弹出窗口阻止程序已启用？\u0026rdquo; 为避免此错误, 您必须配置浏览器： 禁用弹出窗口阻止程序, 并取消选中工具\u0026raquo;选项\u0026raquo;安全中的\u0026quot;启用保护模式\u0026quot;选项.\n  代理人是中间的第三人, 两人之间传球. 它充当将AUT传送到浏览器的\u0026quot;网络服务器\u0026rdquo;. 作为代理, Selenium服务器可以\u0026quot;说谎\u0026quot;AUT的真实URL. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n 启动浏览器时使用的配置文件将localhost:4444设置为HTTP代理, 这就是为什么浏览器执行的任何HTTP请求都将通过Selenium服务器并且响应将通过它而不是真实服务器通过的原因. \u0026#x21a9;\u0026#xfe0e;\n   "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/","title":"Selenium 项目和工具","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 控制网页浏览器 Selenium 有很多功能， 但其核心是 web 浏览器自动化的一个工具集， 它使用最好的技术来远程控制浏览器实例， 并模拟用户与浏览器的交互。\n它允许用户模拟终端用户执行的常见活动；将文本输入到字段中，选择下拉值和复选框，并单击文档中的链接。 它还提供许多其他控件，比如鼠标移动、任意 JavaScript 执行等等。\n虽然 Selenium 主要用于网站的前端测试，但其核心是浏览器用户代理库。 这些接口在应用程序中无处不在，它们鼓励与其他库进行组合，以满足您的目的。\n一个接口来统治它们 该项目的指导原则之一是支持所有（主要）浏览器技术的通用接口。 Web 浏览器是非常复杂的，高度工程化的应用程序， 以完全不同的方式执行它们的操作，但是在执行这些操作时，它们通常看起来是一样的 即使文本以相同的字体呈现，图像也会显示在相同的位置，并且链接会将您带到相同的目的地。 下面发生的事情就像白天和黑夜一样不同。 Selenium “抽象”了这些差异，向编写代码的人隐藏了它们的细节和复杂性。 这允许您编写几行代码来执行一个复杂的工作流程， 但是这几行代码将在 Firefox、 Internet Explorer、 Chrome 和所有其他支持的浏览器上执行。\n工具和支持 Selenium 的极简设计方法使其具有通用性，可以作为更大应用程序中的组件。 Selenium 保护伞下提供的周边基础设施为您提供了组合自己的 浏览器 grid 的工具， 因此测试就可以跨一系列机器在不同的浏览器和多个操作系统上运行。\n想象一下， 服务器机房或数据中心的一组计算机同时启动浏览器，访问站点的链接、表单和表格 — 全天 24 小时测试应用程序。 通过为最常见的语言提供的简单编程接口， 这些测试将不知疲倦地并行运行， 当错误发生时向您报告。\n通过为用户提供工具和文档， 不仅可以控制浏览器， 还可以方便地扩展和部署这些 grid， 从而帮助您实现这一目标。\n通过为用户提供工具和文档，不仅可以控制浏览器， 还可以简化网格的伸缩和部署。 来帮助您实现这一目标， 这些工具和文档\n谁在使用 Selenium 世界上许多最重要的公司都在基于浏览器的测试中采用了 Selenium， 这常常取代了多年来涉及其他专有工具的工作。 随着它越来越受欢迎， 它的需求和挑战也成倍增加。\n随着网络变得越来越复杂，新的技术被添加到网站上， 这个项目的任务就是尽可能地跟上它们。 作为一个开源项目，这种支持是通过许多志愿者的慷慨捐赠来提供的， 每个志愿者都有一份“日常工作”。\n该项目的另一个任务是鼓励更多的志愿者参与到这项工作中来， 并建立一个强大的社区，以便项目能够继续跟上新兴的技术， 并继续成为功能测试自动化的主导平台。\n历史 当 Selenium 1 于 2004 年发布时， 出于减少在 web 应用程序前端手工验证一致行为所花费的时间的需要。 它利用了当时可用的工具， 并严重依赖于向测试中的 web 页面注入 JavaScript 来模拟用户的交互。\n虽然 JavaScript 是一个很好的工具， 可以让您自省 DOM 的属性， 并进行某些客户端观察， 否则您将无法进行这些观察， 但是它不具备像使用鼠标和键盘那样自然复制用户交互的能力。\n从那时起，Selenium 已经成长并成熟了很多， 成为世界上许多（不是大多数）大型机构广泛使用的工具。 Selenium 已经从 Thoughtworks 为特定受众和特定用例开发的自制测试自动化工具包， 转移到世界上的浏览器自动化库。\n正如 Selenium RC 利用了当时可用的工具一样， Selenium WebDriver 将浏览器交互部分带到浏览器供应商的地盘， 并要求他们负责后端、面向浏览器的实现，从而推动了这一传统。 最近，这项工作已经发展成为 W3C 标准化过程， 其目标是将 Selenium 中的 WebDriver 组件转换为用户代理的 du jeur 远程控制库。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/","title":"了解组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"使用 WebDriver 构建测试套件需要您理解并有效地使用许多不同的组件。就像软件中的一切一样， 不同的人对同一个想法使用不同的术语。下面是在这个描述中如何使用术语的细分。\n专业术语  API: 应用程序编程接口。这是一组用来操作 WebDriver 的 “命令”。 库: 一个代码模块，它包含 api 和实现这些 api 所需的代码。库是对应于具体的语言的，例如 Java 的 .jar 文件，.NET 的 .dll 文件，等等。 驱动程序: 负责控制实际的浏览器。大多数驱动程序是由浏览器厂商自己创建的。 驱动程序通常是与浏览器一起在系统上运行的可执行模块，而不是在执行测试套件的系统上。 (尽管它们可能是同一个系统。) 注意: 有些人把驱动称为代理。 框架: 用于支持 WebDriver 套件的附加库。这些框架可能是测试框架，如 JUnit 或 NUnit。 它们也可能是支持自然语言特性的框架，如 Cucumber 或 Robotium。还可以编写和使用框架来操作或配置被测试的系统、 数据创建、测试预言等等。  组成部分 至少，WebDriver 通过一个驱动程序与浏览器对话。通信有两种方式: WebDriver 通过驱动程序向浏览器传递命令， 然后通过相同的路径接收信息。\n驱动程序是特定于浏览器的，例如 ChromeDriver 对应于谷歌的 Chrome/Chromium， GeckoDriver 对应于 Mozilla 的 Firefox 的，等等。驱动程序在与浏览器相同的系统上运行。 这可能与执行测试本身的系统相同，也可能不同。\n上面这个简单的例子就是 _直接_通信。与浏览器的通信也可以是通过 Selenium 服务器或 RemoteWebDriver 进行的 _远程_通信。RemoteWebDriver 与驱动程序和浏览器运行在同一个系统上。\n远程通信也可以使用 Selenium Server 或 Selenium Grid 进行，这两者依次与主机系统上的驱动程序进行通信\n应用框架 WebDriver 有且只有一个任务: 通过上面的任何方法与浏览器通信。WebDriver 对测试一窍不通：它不知道如何比较事物、 断言通过或失败，当然它也不知道报告或 Given/When/Then 语法。\n这就是各种框架发挥作用的地方。至少你需要一个与绑定语言相匹配的测试框架，比如. NET 的 NUnit, Java 的 JUnit, Ruby 的 RSpec 等等。\n测试框架负责运行和执行 WebDriver 以及测试中相关步骤。因此，您可以认为它看起来类似于下图。\n像 Cucumber 这样的自然语言框架/工具可能作为上图中测试框架框的一部分存在， 或者它们可能将测试框架完全封装在它们自己的实现中。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/","title":"入门指南","tags":[],"description":"","content":"入门指南 如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。\n 快速浏览  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/shared_capabilities/","title":"共享的功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"为了通过Selenium WebDriver创建新会话, 本地端应向远程端提供基本功能. 远端使用相同的功能集来创建会话并描述当前会话功能.\nWebDriver提供了每个远程端将 (或应该) 支持实现的功能. 以下是WebDriver支持的功能:\nbrowserName: 此功能用于设置既定会话的 browserName . 如果未在远端安装指定的浏览器, 则会话创建将失败\nbrowserVersion: 此功能是可选的, 用于在远程端设置可用的浏览器版本. 例如, 如果在仅安装80版本的系统上询问75版本的Chrome, 则会话创建将失败\n页面加载策略 通过URL导航到新页面时, 默认情况下, Selenium将等待页面完全加载后再进行响应. 这对于初学者来说效果很好, 但是在加载大量第三方资源的页面上可能会导致较长的等待时间. 在这种情况下, 使用非默认策略可以使测试的执行速度更快, 但是也可能导致不稳定, 即页面上的元素随元素加载和大小变化而改变位置.\n页面加载策略可以参考链接 document.readyState 如下述表格的描述:\n   策略 准备完成的状态 备注     normal complete 默认情况下使用, 等待所有资源下载完成   eager interactive DOM访问已准备就绪, 但其他资源 (如图像) 可能仍在加载中   none Any 完全不阻塞WebDriver    platformName 这标识了远端的操作系统, 获取 platformName 将返回操作系统的名称.\n在基于云的供应者中, 设置 platformName 将在远程端设置操作系统.\nacceptInsecureCerts 此功能检查在会话期间导航时 是否使用了过期的 (或) 无效的 TLS Certificate .\n如果将功能设置为 false, 则页面浏览遇到任何域证书问题时, 将返回insecure certificate error . 如果设置为 true, 则浏览器将信任无效证书.\n默认情况下, 此功能将信任所有自签名证书. 设置后, acceptInsecureCerts 功能将在整个会话中生效.\nSession timeouts WebDriver session 具有一定的 session timeout 间隔, 在此间隔内, 用户可以控制执行脚本或从浏览器检索信息的行为.\n每个会话超时都配置有不同 timeouts 的组合, 如下所述:\nScript Timeout: 指定在当前浏览上下文中, 中断正在执行脚本的时机. WebDriver创建新会话时, 将设置默认的超时时间为 30,000 .\nPage Load Timeout: 指定在当前浏览上下文中, 加载网页的时间间隔. WebDriver创建新会话时, 默认设置超时时间为 300,000 . 如果页面加载限制了给定 (或默认) 的时间范围, 则该脚本将被 TimeoutException 停止.\nImplicit Wait Timeout 指定在定位元素时, 等待隐式元素定位策略的时间. WebDriver创建新会话时, 将设置默认超时时间为 0 .\nunhandledPromptBehavior 指定当前会话 user prompt handler 的状态. 默认为 dismiss and notify state .\nUser Prompt Handler 这定义了在远端出现用户提示时必须采取的措施. 该行为由unhandledPromptBehavior 功能定义, 具有以下状态:\n dismiss accept dismiss and notify accept and notify ignore  setWindowRect 此命令更改当前浏览上下文中窗口的大小和位置. 此命令作为 getWindowRect 对应的设置方法, 该命令接受 width, height, x, y 作为 可选 参数.\n在自动化期间, 当前浏览上下文将与描述浏览器窗口可见性状态的窗口状态相关联. 窗口状态为\n maximized minimized normal fullscreen  设置 Width 或 Height 不能保证结果窗口的大小一定完全匹配所请求的窗口大小. 这是因为某些驱动程序可能无法以单像素为单位调整大小. 因此, 通过 getWindowRect 获取窗口状态 (或详细信息) 可能与浏览器设置的值不匹配.\nstrictFileInteractability 新功能用于是否对 类型为文件的输入(input type=file) 元素进行严格的交互性检查. 默认关闭严格性检查, 在将 元素的Send Keys 方法作用于隐藏的文件上传时, 会有控制方面的行为区别.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/","title":"双因素认证","tags":[],"description":"","content":"双因素认证通常简写成 2FA 是一种一次性密码（OTP）通常用在移动应用上例如“谷歌认证器”， “微软认证器”等等，或者通过短信或者邮件来认证。在Selenium自动化中这些都是影响有效自动化 的极大挑战。虽然也有一些方法可以自动化这些过程，但是同样对于Selenium自动化也引入了很多不安全因素。 所以你应该要避免对2FA自动化。\n这里有一些对于如何绕过2FA校验的建议：\n 在测试环境中对特定用户禁止2FA校验，这样对于这些特定用户可以直接进行自动化测试。 禁止2FA校验在测试环境中。 对于特定IP区域禁止2FA校验，这样我们可以配置测试机器的IP在这些白名单区域中。  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/","title":"安装 Selenium 库","tags":[],"description":"","content":"首先，您需要为自动化项目安装 Selenium 绑定库。 库的安装过程取决于您选择使用的语言。\nJava 可以使用 Maven 安装 Java 的 Selenium 库。 在项目 pom.xml 中添加 selenium-java 依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-java\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; selenium-java 依赖项支持在所有 Selenium 支持的浏览器中运行自动化项目。 如果只想在特定的浏览器中运行测试，可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加该浏览器的依赖项。 例如，您应该在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项，以便于只在 Firefox 中运行测试：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-firefox-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 同样，如果您只想在 Chrome 上运行测试，您应该添加以下依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-chrome-driver\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; Python 可以使用 pip 安装 Python 的 Selenium 库：\npip install selenium 或者，您也可以下载 PyPI source archive (selenium-x.x.x.tar.gz) 并使用 setup.py 进行安装：\npython setup.py install C# 可以使用 NuGet 安装 C# 的 Selenium 库：\n# Using package manager Install-Package Selenium.WebDriver # or using .Net CLI dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver Ruby 可以使用 gem 安装 Ruby 的 Selenium 库：\ngem install selenium-webdriver JavaScript 可以使用 npm 安装 JavaScript 的 Selenium 库\nnpm install selenium-webdriver "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/","title":"快速浏览","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 不仅仅是一个工具或 API, 它还包含许多工具.\nWebDriver 如果您开始使用桌面网站测试自动化, 那么您将使用 WebDriver APIs. WebDriver 使用浏览器供应商提供的浏览器自动化 API 来控制浏览器和运行测试. 这就像真正的用户正在操作浏览器一样. 由于 WebDriver 不要求使用应用程序代码编译其 API, 因此它本质上不具有侵入性. 因此, 您测试的应用程序与实时推送的应用程序相同.\nSelenium IDE Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境) 是用来开发 Selenium 测试用例的工具. 这是一个易于使用的 Chrome 和 Firefox 浏览器扩展, 通常是开发测试用例最有效率的方式. 它使用现有的 Selenium 命令记录用户在浏览器中的操作, 参数由元素的上下文确定. 这不仅节省了开发时间, 而且是学习 Selenium 脚本语法的一种很好的方法.\nGrid Selenium Grid允许您在不同平台的不同机器上运行测试用例. 可以本地控制测试用例的操作, 当测试用例被触发时, 它们由远端自动执行.\n当开发完WebDriver测试之后, 您可能需要在多个浏览器和操作系统的组合上运行测试. 这就是 Grid 的用途所在.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/components_of_a_grid/","title":"服务网格的组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"转发器(hub)  中间人和管理者 接受请求 执行测试任务 接受客户端的指示并在远程节点上执行任务 管理进程  转发器(hub) 是一个接受所有所有测试任务的中心节点。 每个Selenium服务网格包含一个转发器(hub)。转发器(hub)需要能被所有的客户机（比如：持续集成服务器，开发机等等）访问到。 转发器(hub)会连接1个或者多个节点，这些节点会代理执行测试任务。\n节点  浏览器会被安装在节点上 节点会把自己注册在转发器(hub)上并申报自己作为测试代理的能力\u0008(有些什么浏览器，每个浏览器可以运行几个实例等等) 接受转发器(hub)的指示并执行这些指示  节点 和不同的Selenium实例，他们能够在特定的计算机系统上执行测试。 一个服务网格中可以有很多节点。 这些终端设备并不需要使用统一的平台(或者说操作系统)也不需要选择相同的浏览器。 一个Windows节点可以提供IE作为一个浏览器选项来执行测试，然而Linux和MAC是不可能提供的。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/components_of_a_grid/","title":"服务网格的组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Router 路由器负责将请求转发到正确的组件.\n它是网格的入口,所有外部请求都将借此被网格接收. 路由器的行为取决于请求. 如果是新的会话请求, 则路由器会将其转发到分发服务器 (将在其中处理并创建新的会话). 如果请求属于存量会话,则路由器会将会话ID发送到会话集合, 会话集合将返回会话正在运行的节点. 此后, 路由器会将请求转发到节点.\n路由器旨在通过将请求发送到能够更好地处理请求的组件, 来平衡网格中的负载, 从而避免过程中任何组件无谓地过载.\nDistributor 分发器知道所有节点及其功能. 它的主要作用是接收新的会话请求 并找到可以在其中创建会话的适当节点. 创建会话后, 分发器在会话集合中存储会话ID与正在执行会话的节点之间的关系.\nNode 一个节点可以在网格中出现多次. 每个节点负责管理其运行机器的可用浏览器的插槽.\n节点通过事件总线将其自身注册到分发服务器, 并且将其配置作为注册消息的组成部分一起发送.\n默认情况下, 节点会自动注册运行它的计算机路径上所有可用的浏览器驱动程序. 它还为基于Chromium的浏览器和Firefox的每个可用的CPU都创建插槽. 对于Safari和Internet Explorer, 则仅创建一个插槽. 通过特定的配置, 它可以在Docker容器中运行会话. 您可以在下一 章节 中查看更多配置详细信息.\n节点仅执行接收到的命令, 它不进行评估、做出判断或控制任何事情. 运行节点的计算机不需要与其他组件具有相同的操作系统. 例如, Windows节点可以具有将Internet Explorer作为浏览器选项的功能, 而在Linux或Mac上则无法实现.\n会话表 会话表是一种数据存储的方式, 用于保存会话id和会话运行的节点的信息. 它作为路由支持, 在向节点转发请求的过程中起作用. 路由将通过会话表获取与会话id关联的节点.\n新的会话队列器, 新的会话队列 新的会话队列器是唯一可以与新会话队列通信的组件. 它处理所有的诸如添加这样操纵队列的操作. 它具有用于设置请求超时和请求重试间隔的可配置参数.\n新的会话队列器从路由器接收新会话请求 并将其添加到队列中. 队列一直等待直到获取了请求的响应. 如果请求超时, 请求将立即被拒绝, 并且不会添加到队列中.\n成功地将请求添加到队列后, 事件总线将触发一个事件. 分发服务器接收此事件并轮询队列. 此时, 将尝试创建一个会话.\n如果所请求的功能不存在于任何已注册的节点中, 那么请求将立即被拒绝, 并且客户端将收到响应.\n如果请求的功能与任何节点插槽的功能匹配, 分发服务器将尝试获取可用插槽. 如果所有插槽都很忙, 分发服务器将要求队列器将请求添加到队列前面. 分发服务器在请求重试间隔之后再次接收请求. 它将尝试重试, 直到请求成功或超时. 如果请求在重试或添加到队列前面时超时, 则其将被拒绝.\n在获得可用的插槽和会话创建之后, 分发服务器通过事件总线将新会话响应传递给新会话队列器. 新的会话队列器将在接收到事件时响应给客户端.\n事件总线 事件总线充当节点、分发服务器、新的会话队列器和会话表之间的通信路径. 网格通过消息进行大部分内部通信, 避免了昂贵的HTTP调用. 当以完全分布式模式启动网格时, 事件总线是应该启动的第一个组件.\n网格中的角色 在网格3中, 组件是集线器和节点, 可以通过以独立模式启动网格来一起运行它们. Grid 4中提供了相同的概念, 可以通过对上述某些组件进行分组来运行集线器, 也可以在独立模式下一起运行所有组件.\nHub 集线器是以下组件的结合:\n 路由器 分发器 会话集合 事件总线  它启用传统集线器和节点(们)的设置.\nStandalone 如前所述, 独立模式是所有组件的结合, 并且在用户看来, 它们作为一个组件执行. 这包括集线器的部分组件, 再加上一个节点. 在独立模式下启动后, 可以使用一个功能齐全的网格.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/browsers/","title":"浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"消费级浏览器 当前Selenium框架支持以下浏览器:\n   浏览器 维护者 支持的版本     Chrome Chromium 所有版本   Firefox Mozilla 54及以上版本   Edge Microsoft 84及以上版本   Internet Explorer Selenium 6及以上版本   Opera Opera Chromium / Presto 10.5及以上版本   Safari Apple 10及以上版本    专业级浏览器 还有一些通常在开发环境中使用的专业级浏览器。 我们也可以使用其中一些浏览器实现自动化的目的， Selenium支持以下专业驱动:\n   驱动名称 用途 维护者     HtmlUnitDriver Rhino支持的无头浏览器模拟器 Selenium项目组    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/copyright_and_attributions/","title":"版权和归属","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium文档 Copyright \u0026copy; 2013-2021 , Software Freedom Conservancy.\n我们已尽一切努力使本文档尽可能完整和准确, 但难以保证一定适用. 信息提供是基于“as-is”的. 若本文档所含信息引起的任何损失或损害, 作者和出版者对所有个人或实体均不承担任何责任. 不承担任何与使用本文信息相关的专利责任.\n归属 感谢: Selenium Main Repository .ghContributors { display: flex; 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flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @corevo2445 commits  @tourdedave610 commits  @baimao843788 commits  @Jongkeun51 commits  @petermouse36 commits  @LinYunWen36 commits  @zavelevsky34 commits  @xdennisx15 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @raju24912 commits  @dependabot[bot]11 commits  @dvd9006 commits  @manoj97883 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @zewa6663 commits  @diemol2 commits  @lukeis2 commits  @Meir0172 commits  @toshiya2 commits  @marknoble2 commits  @amitzur1 commits  @aplorenzen1 commits  @p26351 commits  @avoid3d1 commits  @sotayamashita1 commits  @samitbadle1 commits  @swes11171 commits  @vivrichards6001 commits  @bolasblack1 commits  @peter-kehl1 commits   Docker Selenium .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; 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Docs .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @harsha509362 commits  @selenium-ci323 commits  @diemol320 commits  @alaahong64 commits  @boris77932 commits  @kzhirata30 commits  @alenros28 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @manoj978820 commits  @jmartinezpoq18 commits  @ivanrodjr17 commits  @AutomatedTester15 commits  @pujagani13 commits  @sindhudiddi12 commits  @hiroksarker10 commits  @nwintop8 commits  @connerT6 commits  @Greavox6 commits  @liushilive6 commits  @nainappa5 commits  @hyanx5 commits  @lvninety5 commits  @barancev4 commits  @kjayachandra20004 commits  @ant91124 commits  @TritzA3 commits  @Arc-Jung3 commits  @ArCiGo3 commits  @gnatcatcher-bg3 commits  @gustavoefeiche3 commits  @Madh933 commits  @rajeevbarde3 commits  @raju2493 commits  @shs96c3 commits  @takeya0x863 commits  @TestOpsCloudchen3 commits  @cambiph3 commits  @twinstae3 commits  @Tolerblanc3 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @bongosway2 commits  @kapilyadav12042 commits  @mookkiah2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @natanportilho2 commits  @pallavigitwork2 commits  @rahuljhakant2 commits  @titusfortner2 commits  @urig2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  @coodjokergl2 commits  @imba-tjd2 commits  @0420syj2 commits  @k198107032 commits  @abhi28101 commits  @abhishek-malani1 commits  @adithyab941 commits  @alexako1 commits  @vinogradoff1 commits  @amirmojiry1 commits  @sahajamit1 commits  @beatfactor1 commits  @fiveych1 commits  @Archibaald-dev1 commits  @BlazerYoo1 commits  @Catalin-Negru1 commits  @stakato20051 commits  @cjayswal1 commits  @SalmonMode1 commits  @dbudim1 commits  @dylanlive1 commits  @fastrde1 commits  @f-g-s1 commits  @f97gujo1 commits  @Haifischbecken1 commits  @HollowMan61 commits  @joft-ware1 commits  @itconsultant1 commits  @onaeonae11 commits  @jsoref1 commits  @Juan-Arano1 commits  @idkaryan1 commits  @madarche1 commits  @skyhirider1 commits  @marknoble1 commits  @bisforum1 commits  @Michael4d451 commits  @mherrmann1 commits  @misiekofski1 commits  @muditlambda1 commits  @nikhil-lambda1 commits  @TheTestLynx1 commits  @OndraM1 commits  @palbr1 commits  @Peyton881 commits  @MindScriptAct1 commits  @RustyNail1 commits  @Saketspradhan1 commits  @shucon1 commits   Previous Selenium Website .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @lukeis417 commits  @shs96c91 commits  @tourdedave89 commits  @pgrandje79 commits  @barancev63 commits  @lightbody59 commits  @ajayk40 commits  @tarun3kumar40 commits  @ddavison36 commits  @davehunt26 commits  @manoj978824 commits  @peter-kehl22 commits  @lmtierney21 commits  @samitbadle21 commits  @santiycr19 commits  @illicitonion17 commits  @pnewhook14 commits  @AutomatedTester12 commits  @rasmusbergpalm11 commits  @juangj11 commits  @lukeis-sfdc10 commits  @andreastt7 commits  @hugs6 commits  @jarib5 commits  @jimevans5 commits  @llaskin5 commits  @PaulKC5 commits  @titusfortner5 commits  @corevo5 commits  @diemol3 commits  @asashour2 commits  @oleksandr-lobunets2 commits  @alex-savchuk2 commits  @javabrett2 commits  @darrincherry2 commits  @eranmes2 commits  @hazmeister2 commits  @julianharty2 commits  @mikemelia2 commits  @paul-hammant2 commits  @labkey-tchad2 commits  @abhijain26182 commits  @agabrys1 commits  @azawawi1 commits  @alb-i9861 commits  @hollingsworthd1 commits  @dylans1 commits  @EmidioStani1 commits  @FagnerMartinsBrack1 commits  @Xaeroxe1 commits  @JamesZoft1 commits  @jleyba1 commits  @JasnoWa1 commits  @JustAGuyTryingToCodeSomething1 commits  @kdamball1 commits  @laurin11 commits  @klamping1 commits  @krmahadevan1 commits  @krosenvold1 commits  @mmerrell1 commits  @grawk1 commits  @mcavigelli1 commits  @michaelwowro1 commits  @muralidharand1 commits  @meeroslaph1 commits  @NickAb1 commits  @ohadschn1 commits  @oifland1 commits  @rbri1 commits  @roydekleijn1 commits  @QuinnWilton1 commits  @smatei1 commits  @harrissAvalon1 commits  @stevedesmond-ca1 commits  @Vimal-N1 commits  @yasinguzel1 commits  @tobecrazy1 commits  @Zearin1 commits  @beckendorff1 commits  @daveOrleans1 commits  @androiddriver1 commits  @mauk811 commits  @pharry221 commits  @prab21121 commits  @refactoror1 commits  @rogerdc1 commits  @tibord1 commits  @ygmarchi1 commits   Previous Documentation Rewrite Project .ghContributors { display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; align-content: flex-start; } .ghContributors  div { width: 50%; display: inline-flex; margin-bottom: 5px; } .ghContributors  div label { padding-left: 4px; } .ghContributors  div span { font-size: x-small; padding-left: 4px; }  @andreastt197 commits  @selenium-ci105 commits  @diemol54 commits  @hazmeister30 commits  @santiycr27 commits  @AlexAndradeSan25 commits  @lukeis21 commits  @harsha50917 commits  @ddavison16 commits  @davehunt12 commits  @manoj978812 commits  @orieken12 commits  @djangofan12 commits  @liushilive8 commits  @User2534897 commits  @jimholmes6 commits  @imba-tjd6 commits  @mmerrell6 commits  @shs96c6 commits  @picimako5 commits  @vijay445 commits  @cambiph5 commits  @nvonop4 commits  @rivlinp4 commits  @sheg4 commits  @bizob28284 commits  @detro3 commits  @Ardesco3 commits  @TheTestLynx3 commits  @boris7792 commits  @Bredda2 commits  @juperala2 commits  @lmtierney2 commits  @systemboogie2 commits  @palotas2 commits  @miekof2 commits  @sri852 commits  @hoanluu2 commits  @ilhanoztozlu2 commits  @paul-barton2 commits  @adithyab941 commits  @alenros1 commits  @p0deje1 commits  @AJ-721 commits  @abotalov1 commits  @bhardin1 commits  @chamiz1 commits  @dennybiasiolli1 commits  @donhuvy1 commits  @bongosway1 commits  @nicegraham1 commits  @f97gujo1 commits  @austenjt1 commits  @kmcgon1 commits  @MartinDelille1 commits  @michael-coleman1 commits  @misiekofski1 commits  @MilanMasek1 commits  @rakib-amin1 commits  @NRezek1 commits  @nikai3d1 commits  @OndraM1 commits  @sourabhkt1 commits  @whhone1 commits  @yarix1 commits  @ZbigniewZabost1 commits  @agmen1 commits  @hking-shutterfly1 commits  @jimevans1 commits  @9484624481 commits  @marilyn1 commits  @riccione1 commits  @tungla1 commits  @zeljkofilipin1 commits   Selenium文档项目使用的第三方软件:    软件 版本 许可     Hugo v0.66.0 Apache 2.0   Hugo Learn Theme v2.5.0 MIT   Code Tabs Style \u0026mdash; MIT    许可 源自Selenium项目的所有代码和文档均基于Apache2.0的许可, 由 Software Freedom Conservancy 作为版权所有者.\n为方便起见, 此处包含许可证, 您也可以在此查看 Apache 基金会站点:\nApache License Version 2.0, January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/ TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 1. Definitions. \u0026#34;License\u0026#34; shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. \u0026#34;Licensor\u0026#34; shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License. \u0026#34;Legal Entity\u0026#34; shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. 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We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same \u0026#34;printed page\u0026#34; as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives. Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \u0026#34;License\u0026#34;); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an \u0026#34;AS IS\u0026#34; BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/purposes_and_main_functionalities/","title":"目的和主要功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":" 为所有的测试提供统一的入口 管理和控制运行着浏览器的节点/环境 扩展 并行测试 跨平台(操作系统)测试 负载测试  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/config_help/","title":"配置帮助","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Help命令显示基于当前代码实现的信息. 因此, 如果文档没有更新, 它将提供准确的信息. 这是了解任何新版本Grid4配置的最便捷方法.\n信息命令 Info命令提供以下主题的详细文档:\n 配置Selenium 安全 会话表配置 追踪  配置帮助 通过运行以下命令快速获取配置帮助:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info config 安全 获取构建网格服务器的详细信息, 用于安全通信和节点注册.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info security 会话表配置 默认情况下, 网格使用本地会话表来存储会话信息. 网格支持额外的存储选项, 比如Redis和JDBC-SQL支持的数据库. 要设置不同的会话存储, 请使用以下命令获取设置步骤:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info sessionmap 基于OpenTelemetry和Jaeger的追踪配置 默认情况下, 追踪是启用的. 要通过Jaeger导出追踪并将其可视化, 请使用以下命令进行说明:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar info tracing 列出Selenium网格的命令 java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar --config-help 上述命令将显示所有可用的命令及其描述.\n组件帮助命令 在Selenium后面键入\u0026ndash;help的配置选项, 以获取特定组件的配置信息.\nStandalone java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone --help Hub java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub --help Sessions java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions --help 队列器 java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueuer --help Distributor java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --help Router java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --help Node java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --help "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/","title":"验证码","tags":[],"description":"","content":"验证码 (CAPTCHA), 是 全自动区分计算机和人类的图灵测试 (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) 的简称, 是被明确地设计用于阻止自动化的, 所以不要尝试!\n规避验证码的检查, 主要有两个策略:\n 在测试环境中禁用验证码 添加钩子以允许测试绕过验证码  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/when_to_use_grid/","title":"什么时候应该使用服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常来说，有2个原因你需要使用服务网格。\n 在多种浏览器，多种版本的浏览器，不同操作系统里的浏览器里执行你的测试 缩短完成测试的时间  服务网格通过使用多台终端机器来并行执行测试，以达到加速测试执行的目的。 比如的测试套件里包含100个测试，你的服务网格支持4种不同的终端（虚拟机或者独立的物理设备） 来执行这些测试，相比你只有一台终端来执行，你的测试套件只需要4分之1的时间。 在一些大型测试套件，或者一些长时间执行的测试比如执行大量的数据校验，这样做会节约大量的时间。 一些测试会需要几个小时。另一个改善的动力来自缩短这种耗时的测试的是为了开发人员从提交代码到获得测试结果的期间。软件开发团队实践敏捷开发时期望尽可能早的得到测试反馈，而不是一晚一晚的等测试通过。\n服务网格也会被用来支持在不同的运行环境的测试，比如，在同一实践针对不同浏览器的测试。 比如，一个由虚拟机组成的服务网格，每一个终端机可以支持一个不同的应用程序需要支持的浏览器。 比如终端1有IE8，终端2有IE9，终端3有最新的Chrmoe，终端4有最新的Firefox。当所有的测试套件都执行了， Selenium服务网格会接受每个测试浏览器组合的要求，然后安排每个测试被执行在所要求的浏览器上。\n另外，一个服务网格可以包含同样的浏览器，类型，版本。比如，你可以有一个包含4台终端，没个终端包含3个 Firefox70的实例的网格，提供了一个服务器集群提供可用的Firefox实例。当测试套件被执行的时候，每个被提交进服务网格的测试会被分发到可用的Firefox实例。在这个情况下，同一时间可以有12个测试被并行的执行， 显著的缩短的整个测试完成的时间。\n服务网格是弹性的。这2个例子可以被组合来创建多种实例的浏览器和版本。通过配置，可以提供并行执行以加速测试，或者支持多种浏览器版本的模拟2中能力。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/","title":"介绍","tags":[],"description":"","content":"介绍 Selenium 是一系列工具和库的综合项目，这些工具和库支持 web 浏览器的自动化。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/","title":"从RC迁移到WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"如何迁移到Selenium WebDriver 在采用Selenium 2时, 一个常见的问题是, 在将新测试添加到现有测试集中时, 正确的做法是什么? 刚接触框架的用户可以通过使用新的WebDriver API编写测试开始. 但是, 已经拥有一套现有测试的用户又该如何呢? 本指南旨在演示如何将现有测试迁移到新的API, 从而允许使用WebDriver提供的新功能编写所有新测试.\n此处介绍的方法描述了向WebDriver API的零星迁移, 而无需一次大刀阔斧地重新进行所有工作. 这意味着您可以留出更多时间来迁移现有测试, 这可以使您更轻松地决定将精力花在哪里.\n本指南使用Java编写, 因为它为迁移提供了最佳支持. 由于我们为其他语言提供了更好的工具, 因此本指南将扩展为包括这些语言.\n为什么要迁移到WebDriver 将一组测试从一个API移到另一个API需要大量的工作. 为什么您和您的团队考虑采取此举? 这是您应考虑迁移Selenium测试以使用WebDriver的一些原因.\n 较小, 紧凑的API. WebDriver的API比原始的Selenium RC API更面向对象. 这样可以更轻松地使用. 更好地模拟用户交互. WebDriver在可能的情况下利用本机事件与网页进行交互. 这更紧密地模仿了您的用户使用您的网站和应用程序的方式. 此外, WebDriver提供了高级的用户交互API, 使您可以为与网站的复杂交互建模. 浏览器供应商的支持. Opera, Mozilla和Google都是WebDriver开发的积极参与者, 并且各自都有工程师致力于改善框架. 通常, 这意味着对WebDriver的支持已包含在浏览器本身中： 您的测试运行得尽可能快且稳定.  在开始之前 为了使迁移过程尽可能轻松, 请确保所有测试都在最新的Selenium版本中正常运行. 这听起来似乎显而易见, 但是最好说一下!\n开始上手 开始迁移的第一步是更改获取Selenium实例的方式. 使用Selenium RC时, 就像这样:\nSelenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium(\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;, 4444, \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); selenium.start(); 应该这样替换:\nWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, \u0026#34;http://www.yoursite.com\u0026#34;); 下一步 一旦测试成功执行, 下一步就是迁移实际的测试代码以使用WebDriver API. 根据代码的抽象程度, 这可能是一个短暂的过程, 也可能是一个漫长的过程. 在这两种情况下, 方法都是相同的, 可以简单地总结一下：修改代码以在使用新API时进行编辑.\n如果您需要从Selenium实例中提取基础WebDriver实现, 则只需将其强制转换为WrapsDriver:\nWebDriver driver = ((WrapsDriver) selenium).getWrappedDriver(); 这使您可以继续正常传递Selenium实例, 但可以根据需要解包WebDriver实例.\n有时, 您的代码库将主要使用较新的API. 此时, 您可以翻转关系, 使用WebDriver并按需实例化Selenium实例:\nSelenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl); 常见问题 幸运的是, 您不是第一个进行此迁移的人, 因此这里有其他人已经看到的一些常见问题以及如何解决它们.\n单击和键入更加完整 Selenium RC测试中的常见模式如下所示:\nselenium.type(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;exciting tex\u0026#34;); selenium.keyDown(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyPress(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); selenium.keyUp(\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;t\u0026#34;); 这依赖于以下事实： \u0026ldquo;类型\u0026quot;仅替换所标识元素的内容, 而不触发用户与页面进行交互时通常会触发的所有事件. 最后的\u0026quot;key*\u0026ldquo;直接调用导致JS处理程序按预期方式触发.\n使用WebDriverBackedSelenium时, 填写表单字段的结果将是\u0026quot;exciting texttt\u0026rdquo;： 并非您所期望的! 这样做的原因是WebDriver更准确地模拟了用户行为, 因此一直会触发事件.\n相同的事实有时可能会导致页面加载比Selenium 1测试中更早触发. 如果WebDriver抛出\u0026quot;StaleElementException\u0026rdquo;, 您可以说这已经发生.\nWaitForPageToLoad很快返回 发现何时完成页面加载是一项艰巨的任务. 我们的意思是\u0026quot;何时触发加载事件\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时完成所有AJAX请求\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时没有网络流量\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;何时document.readyState发生更改\u0026rdquo; 或其他所有内容?\nWebDriver试图模拟原始的Selenium行为, 但是由于种种原因, 这种方法并不总是能完美发挥作用. 最常见的原因是, 很难区分在尚未开始的页面加载与在方法调用之间完成的页面加载之间的区别. 有时这意味着在页面完成（甚至开始!）加载之前, 控件已返回测试.\n解决方案是等待特定的东西. 通常, 这可能是您想与之交互的元素, 或者是将某些Javascript变量设置为特定值. 一个例子是:\nWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(30)); WebElement element= wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id(\u0026#34;some_id\u0026#34;))); 其中\u0026quot;visibilityOfElementLocated\u0026quot;实现为:\npublic ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; visibilityOfElementLocated(final By locator) { return new ExpectedCondition\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { WebElement toReturn = driver.findElement(locator); if (toReturn.isDisplayed()) { return toReturn; } return null; } }; } 这看起来很复杂, 但这几乎是所有样板代码. 唯一有趣的一点是, 将反复评估\u0026quot;ExpectedCondition\u0026rdquo;, 直到\u0026quot;apply\u0026quot;方法返回的结果既不是\u0026quot;null\u0026rdquo; 也不是Boolean.FALSE.\n当然, 添加所有这些\u0026quot;等待\u0026quot;调用可能会使您的代码混乱. 如果是这样, 并且您的需求很简单, 请考虑使用隐式等待:\ndriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 这样, 每次定位某个元素时（如果不存在该元素）, 都会重试该位置, 直到该元素存在或经过30秒为止.\n通过XPath或CSS选择器查找并不总是可行, 但在Selenium 1中却可以 在Selenium 1中, xpath通常使用捆绑的库而不是浏览器本身的功能. 除非没有其他选择, 否则WebDriver将始终使用本机浏览器方法. 这意味着复杂的xpath表达式可能会在某些浏览器上中断.\nSelenium 1中的CSS选择器是使用Sizzle库实现的. 这实现了CSS Selector规范的超集, 而且并不总是清楚您越界的位置. 如果您使用的是WebDriverBackedSelenium, 并且使用Sizzle定位器而不是CSS选择器来查找元素, 则会在控制台上记录一条警告. 值得花时间去寻找这些东西, 尤其是如果由于找不到元素而导致测试失败时.\n没有Browserbot Selenium RC是基于Selenium Core的, 因此, 当您执行Javascript时, 可以访问Selenium Core的某些部分以使事情变得容易. 由于WebDriver不基于Selenium Core, 因此不再可能. 如何判断您是否正在使用Selenium Core?简单! 只要看看您的\u0026quot;getEval\u0026quot;或类似调用是否在评估的Javascript中使用\u0026quot;Selenium\u0026quot;或\u0026quot;browserbot\u0026rdquo;.\n您可能正在使用browserbot获取测试的当前窗口或文档的句柄. 幸运的是, WebDriver总是在当前窗口的上下文中评估JS, 因此您可以直接使用\u0026quot;window\u0026quot;或\u0026quot;document\u0026rdquo;.\n另外, 您可能正在使用browserbot查找元素. 在WebDriver中, 这样做的习惯是首先找到该元素, 然后将其作为参数传递给Javascript. 从而:\nString name = selenium.getEval( \u0026#34;selenium.browserbot.findElement(\u0026#39;id=foo\u0026#39;, browserbot.getCurrentWindow()).tagName\u0026#34;); 变成:\nWebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); String name = (String) ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript( \u0026#34;return arguments[0].tagName\u0026#34;, element); 请注意, 传入的\u0026quot;element\u0026quot;变量如何显示为JS标准\u0026quot;arguments\u0026quot;数组中的第一项.\n执行JavaScript不会返回任何内容 WebDriver的JavascriptExecutor将包装所有JS并将其评估为匿名表达式. 这意味着您需要使用\u0026quot;return\u0026quot;关键字:\nString title = selenium.getEval(\u0026#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title\u0026#34;); 变成:\n((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;return document.title;\u0026#34;); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/","title":"关于测试自动化","tags":[],"description":"","content":"首先，问问自己是否真的需要使用浏览器。 在某些情况下，如果您正在开发一个复杂的 web 应用程序， 您需要打开一个浏览器并进行实际测试，这种可能性是很大的。\n然而，诸如 Selenium 之类的功能性最终用户测试运行起来很昂贵。 此外，它们通常需要大量的基础设施才能有效运行。 经常问问自己，您想要测试的东西是否可以使用更轻量级的测试方法（如单元测试）完成， 还是使用较低级的方法完成，这是一个很好的规则。\n一旦确定您正在进行Web浏览器测试业务， 并且您的 Selenium 环境已经准备好开始编写测试， 您通常会执行以下三个步骤的组合：\n 设置数据 执行一组离散的操作 评估结果  您需要尽可能缩短这些步骤; 一到两个操作在大多数时间内应该足够了。 浏览器自动化具有“脆弱”的美誉， 但实际上那是因为用户经常对它要求过高。 在后面的章节中，我们将回到您可以使用的技术， 为了缓解测试中明显的间歇性问题， 特别是如何克服 浏览器 和 WebDriver 之间的竞争条件。\n通过保持测试简短并仅在您完全没有替代方案时使用Web浏览器，您可以用最小的代码片段来完成很多测试。\nSelenium测试的一个显著优势是，它能够从用户的角度测试应用程序的所有组件（从后端到前端）。 因此，换句话说，虽然功能测试运行起来可能很昂贵，但它们同时也包含了大量关键业务部分。\n测试要求 如前所述，Selenium 测试运行起来可能很昂贵。 在多大程度上取决于您正在运行测试的浏览器， 但历史上浏览器的行为变化太大，以至于通常是针对多个浏览器进行交叉测试的既定目标。\nSelenium 允许您在多个操作系统上的多个浏览器上运行相同的指令， 但是对所有可能的浏览器、它们的不同版本以及它们所运行的许多操作系统的枚举将很快成为一项繁重的工作。\n让我们从一个例子开始 Larry 写了一个网站，允许用户订购他们自己定制的独角兽。\n一般的工作流程(我们称之为“幸福之路”)是这样的:\n 创建一个账户 配置他们的独角兽 添加到购物车 检验并付款 给出关于他们独角兽的反馈  编写一个宏大的 Selenium 脚本来执行所有这些操作是很诱人的 — 很多人都会尝试这样做。 抵制诱惑！ 这样做会导致测试: a) 需要很长时间; b) 会受到一些与页面呈现时间问题有关的常见问题的影响; c) 如果失败，它不会给出一个简洁的、“可检查”的方法来诊断出了什么问题。\n测试此场景的首选策略是将其分解为一系列独立的、快速的测试，每个测试都有一个存在的“理由”。\n假设您想测试第二步： 配置您的独角兽。 它将执行以下操作:\n 创建一个帐户 配置一个独角兽  请注意，我们跳过了这些步骤的其余部分， 在完成这一步之后，我们将在其他小的、离散的测试用例中测试工作流的其余部分。\n首先，您需要创建一个帐户。在这里您可以做出一些选择：\n 您想使用现有帐户吗? 您想创建一个新帐户吗? 在配置开始之前，是否需要考虑有任何特殊属性的用户需要吗?  不管您如何回答这个问题， 解决方案是让它成为测试中“设置数据”部分的一部分 - 如果 Larry 公开了一个 API， 使您(或任何人)能够创建和更新用户帐户， 一定要用它来回答这个问题 请确保使用这个 API 来回答这个问题 — 如果可能的话， 您希望只有在您拥有一个用户之后才启动浏览器，您可以使用该用户的凭证进行登录。\n如果每个工作流的每个测试都是从创建用户帐户开始的，那么每个测试的执行都会增加许多秒。 调用 API 并与数据库进行通信是快速、“无头”的操作， 不需要打开浏览器、导航到正确页面、点击并等待表单提交等昂贵的过程。\n理想情况下，您可以在一行代码中处理这个设置阶段，这些代码将在任何浏览器启动之前执行:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword());   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = user_factory.create_common_user() #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.get_email(), user.get_password())   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. User user = UserFactory.CreateCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. AccountPage accountPage = LoginAs(user.Email, user.Password);   # Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, # but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have # administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email # address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to # know them. user = UserFactory.create_common_user #This method is defined elsewhere. # Log in as this user. # Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the # AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then # perform actions from the AccountPage. account_page = login_as(user.email, user.password)   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. var user = userFactory.createCommonUser(); //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. var accountPage = loginAs(user.email, user.password);   // Create a user who has read-only permissions--they can configure a unicorn, // but they do not have payment information set up, nor do they have // administrative privileges. At the time the user is created, its email // address and password are randomly generated--you don\u0026#39;t even need to // know them. val user = UserFactory.createCommonUser() //This method is defined elsewhere.  // Log in as this user. // Logging in on this site takes you to your personal \u0026#34;My Account\u0026#34; page, so the // AccountPage object is returned by the loginAs method, allowing you to then // perform actions from the AccountPage. val accountPage = loginAs(user.getEmail(), user.getPassword())     您可以想象，UserFactory可以扩展为提供诸如createAdminUser()、createUserWithPayment()的方法。 关键是，这两行代码不会分散您对此测试的最终目的的注意力： 配置独角兽。\n页面对象模型 的复杂性将在后面的章节中讨论，但我们将在这里介绍这个概念：\n您的测试应该由操作组成，从用户的角度出发，在站点的页面上下文中执行。 这些页面被存储为对象， 其中包含关于 web 页面如何组成以及如何执行操作的特定信息 — 作为测试人员，您应该很少关注这些信息。\n您想要什么样的独角兽? 您可能想要粉红色，但不一定。 紫色最近很流行。 她需要太阳镜吗? 明星纹身? 这些选择虽然困难，但是作为测试人员， 您的主要关注点是 — 您需要确保您的订单履行中心将正确的独角兽发送给正确的人，而这就要从这些选择开始。\n请注意，我们在该段落中没有讨论按钮，字段，下拉菜单，单选按钮或 Web 表单。 您的测试也不应该！ 您希望像尝试解决问题的用户一样编写代码。 这是一种方法（从前面的例子继续）：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn() # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. Unicorn sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.Purple, UnicornAccessories.Sunglasses, UnicornAdornments.StarTattoos); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. AddUnicornPage addUnicornPage = accountPage.AddUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. UnicornConfirmationPage unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.CreateUnicorn(sparkles);   # The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. # This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact # with the browser in any way. sparkles = Unicorn.new(\u0026#39;Sparkles\u0026#39;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) # Since we\u0026#39;re already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the # actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method # takes us there. add_unicorn_page = account_page.add_unicorn # Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to # its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, # fill out the form, and click submit. unicorn_confirmation_page = add_unicorn_page.create_unicorn(sparkles)   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. var sparkles = new Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS); // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there.  var addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn(); // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. var unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles);   // The Unicorn is a top-level Object--it has attributes, which are set here. // This only stores the values; it does not fill out any web forms or interact // with the browser in any way. val sparkles = Unicorn(\u0026#34;Sparkles\u0026#34;, UnicornColors.PURPLE, UnicornAccessories.SUNGLASSES, UnicornAdornments.STAR_TATTOOS) // Since we are already \u0026#34;on\u0026#34; the account page, we have to use it to get to the // actual place where you configure unicorns. Calling the \u0026#34;Add Unicorn\u0026#34; method // takes us there. val addUnicornPage = accountPage.addUnicorn() // Now that we\u0026#39;re on the AddUnicornPage, we will pass the \u0026#34;sparkles\u0026#34; object to // its createUnicorn() method. This method will take Sparkles\u0026#39; attributes, // fill out the form, and click submit. unicornConfirmationPage = addUnicornPage.createUnicorn(sparkles)     既然您已经配置好了独角兽， 您需要进入第三步:确保它确实有效。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles));   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. assert unicorn_confirmation_page.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. Assert.True(unicornConfirmationPage.Exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   # The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles # object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare # them with the fields on the page. expect(unicorn_confirmation_page.exists?(sparkles)).to be, \u0026#39;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#39;   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assert(unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles), \u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;);   // The exists() method from UnicornConfirmationPage will take the Sparkles // object--a specification of the attributes you want to see, and compare // them with the fields on the page. assertTrue(\u0026#34;Sparkles should have been created, with all attributes intact\u0026#34;, unicornConfirmationPage.exists(sparkles))     请注意，测试人员在这段代码中除了谈论独角兽之外还没有做任何事情 — 没有按钮、定位器和浏览器控件。 这种对应用程序建模的方法允许您保持这些测试级别的命令不变， 即使 Larry 下周决定不再喜欢 Ruby-on-Rails， 并决定用最新的带有 Fortran 前端的 Haskell 绑定重新实现整个站点。\n为了符合站点的重新设计，您的页面对象需要进行一些小的维护，但是这些测试将保持不变。 采用这一基本设计，您将希望继续使用尽可能少的面向浏览器的步骤来完成您的工作流。 您的下一个工作流程将包括在购物车中添加独角兽。 您可能需要多次迭代此测试，以确保购物车正确地保持其状态： 在开始之前，购物车中是否有多个独角兽? 购物车能装多少? 如果您创建多个具有相同名称或特性，它会崩溃吗? 它将只保留现有的一个还是添加另一个?\n每次通过工作流时，您都希望尽量避免创建帐户、以用户身份登录和配置独角兽。 理想情况下，您将能够创建一个帐户，并通过 API 或数据库预先配置独角兽。 然后，您只需作为用户登录，找到 Sparkles，并将它添加到购物车中。\n是否自动化? 自动化总是有优势吗? 什么时候应该决定去自动化测试用例?\n自动化测试用例并不总是有利的. 有时候手动测试可能更合适. 例如，如果应用程序的用户界面，在不久的将来会发生很大变化，那么任何自动化都可能需要重写. 此外，有时根本没有足够的时间来构建自动化测试. 从短期来看，手动测试可能更有效. 如果应用程序的截止日期非常紧迫，当前没有可用的自动化测试，并且必须在特定时间范围内完成，那么手动测试是最好的解决方案.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/","title":"可观察性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Table of Contents  Selenium Grid Observability  Distributed tracing Event logging   Grid Observability  Visualizing Traces Leveraging event logs   References  Selenium Grid Grid aids in scaling and distributing tests by executing tests on various browser and operating system combinations.\nObservability Observability has three pillars: traces, metrics and logs. Since Selenium Grid 4 is designed to be fully distributed, observability will make it easier to understand and debug the internals.\nDistributed tracing A single request or transaction spans multiple services and components. Tracing tracks the request lifecycle as each service executes the request. It is useful in debugging in an error scenario. Some key terms used in tracing context are:\nTrace Tracing allows one to trace a request through multiple services, starting from its origin to its final destination. This request\u0026rsquo;s journey helps in debugging, monitoring the end-to-end flow, and identifying failures. A trace depicts the end-to-end request flow. Each trace has a unique id as its identifier.\nSpan Each trace is made up of timed operations called spans. A span has a start and end time and it represents operations done by a service. The granularity of span depends on how it is instrumented. Each span has a unique identifier. All spans within a trace have the same trace id.\nSpan Attributes Span attributes are key-value pairs which provide additional information about each span.\nEvents Events are timed-stamped logs within a span. They provide additional context to the existing spans. Events also contain key-value pairs as event attributes.\nEvent logging Logging is essential to debug an application. Logging is often done in a human-readable format. But for machines to search and analyze the logs, it has to have a well-defined format. Structured logging is a common practice of recording logs consistently in a fixed format. It commonly contains fields like:\n Timestamp Logging level Logger class Log message (This is further broken down into fields relevant to the operation where the log was recorded)  Logs and events are closely related. Events encapsulate all the possible information available to do a single unit of work. Logs are essentially subsets of an event. At the crux, both aid in debugging. Refer following resources for detailed understanding:\n https://www.honeycomb.io/blog/how-are-structured-logs-different-from-events/ https://charity.wtf/2019/02/05/logs-vs-structured-events/  Grid Observability Selenium server is instrumented with tracing using OpenTelemetry. Every request to the server is traced from start to end. Each trace consists of a series of spans as a request is executed within the server. Most spans in the Selenium server consist of two events:\n Normal event - records all information about a unit of work and marks successful completion of the work. Error event - records all information till the error occurs and then records the error information. Marks an exception event.  Running Selenium server\n Standalone Hub and Node Fully Distributed Docker  Visualizing Traces All spans, events and their respective attributes are part of a trace. Tracing works while running the server in all of the above-mentioned modes.\nBy default, tracing is enabled in the Selenium server. Selenium server exports the traces via two exporters:\n Console - Logs all traces and their included spans at FINE level. By default, Selenium server prints logs at INFO level and above. The log-level flag can be used to pass a logging level of choice while running the Selenium Grid jar/s.  java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar standalone --log-level FINE Jaeger UI - OpenTelemetry provides the APIs and SDKs to instrument traces in the code. Whereas Jaeger is a tracing backend, that aids in collecting the tracing telemetry data and providing querying, filtering and visualizing features for the data.  Detailed instructions of visualizing traces using Jaeger UI can be obtained by running the command :\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-\u0026lt;selenium-version\u0026gt;.jar info tracing A very good example and scripts to run the server and send traces to Jaeger\nLeveraging event logs Tracing has to be enabled for event logging as well, even if one does not wish to export traces to visualize them.\nBy default, tracing is enabled. No additional parameters need to be passed to see logs on the console. All events within a span are logged at FINE level. Error events are logged at WARN level.\nAll event logs have the following fields : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Event time | eventId | Timestamp of the event record in epoch nanoseconds. | | Trace Id | tracedId | Each trace is uniquely identified by a trace id. | | Span Id | spanId | Each span within a trace is uniquely identified by a span id. | | Span Kind | spanKind | Span kind is a property of span indicating the type of span. It helps in understanding the nature of the unit of work done by the Span. | | Event name | eventName | This maps to the log message. | | Event attributes | eventAttributes | This forms the crux of the event logs, based on the operation executed, it has JSON formatted key-value pairs. This also includes a handler class attribute, to show the logger class. |\nSample log\nFINE [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;fc8aef1d44b3cc8bc09eb8e581c4a8eb\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;b7d3b9865d3ddd45\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597819675128886121, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Session request execution complete\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;http.status_code\u0026quot;: 200, \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.router.HandleSession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\\u002fdd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;DELETE\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;session.id\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;dd35257f104bb43fdfb06242953f4c85\u0026quot; } }  In addition to the above fields, based on OpenTelemetry specification error logs consist of : | Field | Field value | Description | |-|-|-| | Exception type | exception.type | The class name of the exception. | | Exception message | exception.message | Reason for the exception. | | Exception stacktrace | exception.stacktrace | Prints the call stack at the point of time when the exception was thrown. Helps in understanding the origin of the exception. |\nSample error log\nWARN [LoggingOptions$1.lambda$export$1] - { \u0026quot;traceId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;7efa5ea57e02f89cdf8de586fe09f564\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanId\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;914df6bc9a1f6e2b\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;spanKind\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;INTERNAL\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;eventTime\u0026quot;: 1597820253450580272, \u0026quot;eventName\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;exception\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;attributes\u0026quot;: { \u0026quot;exception.type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;exception.message\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;Unable to execute request: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist ...\u0026quot; (full message will be printed), \u0026quot;exception.stacktrace\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.ScriptTimeoutException: java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: Table 'mysql.sessions_mappa' doesn't exist\\nBuild info: version: '4.0.0-alpha-7', revision: 'Unknown'\\nSystem info: host: 'XYZ-MacBook-Pro.local', ip: 'fe80:0:0:0:10d5:b63a:bdc6:1aff%en0', os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'x86_64', os.version: '10.13.6', java.version: '11.0.7'\\nDriver info: driver.version: unknown ....\u0026quot; (full stack will be printed), \u0026quot;http.handler_class\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;org.openqa.selenium.grid.distributor.remote.RemoteDistributor\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.url\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;\\u002fsession\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;http.method\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;POST\u0026quot; } }  Note: Logs are pretty printed above for readability. Pretty printing for logs is turned off in Selenium server.\nThe steps above should set you up for seeing traces and logs.\nReferences  Understanding Tracing OpenTelemetry Tracing API Specification Selenium Wiki Structured logs vs events Jaeger framework  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/","title":"同颜色一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在测试中, 您偶尔会需要验证某事物的颜色；问题是网络上的颜色定义不是个常量. 如果有一种简单的方法可以比较颜色的十六进制与RGB呈现, 或者颜色的RGBA与HSLA呈现, 岂不美哉?\n不用担心有一个解决方案：Color 类!\n首先, 您需要导入该类:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color;   from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.Color    您现在可以开始创建颜色对象. 每个颜色对象都需要使用您颜色的字符串定义来创建. 支持的颜色定义如下:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;); private final Color HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;);   HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    HEX_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;#2F7ED8\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#39;) RGB_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#39;) RGBA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#39;) HSL_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#39;) HSLA_COLOUR = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val HEX_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;#2F7ED8\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 255, 255)\u0026#34;) private val RGB_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgb(40%, 20%, 40%)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val RGBA_COLOUR_PERCENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;rgba(40%, 20%, 40%, 0.5)\u0026#34;) private val HSL_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsl(100, 0%, 50%)\u0026#34;) private val HSLA_COLOUR = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hsla(100, 0%, 50%, 0.5)\u0026#34;)     Color类还支持在以下网址中指定的所有基本颜色定义 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;); private final Color CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;); private final Color HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;);   BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    BLACK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;black\u0026#39;) CHOCOLATE = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;chocolate\u0026#39;) HOTPINK = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;hotpink\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val BLACK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;black\u0026#34;) private val CHOCOLATE = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;chocolate\u0026#34;) private val HOTPINK = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;hotpink\u0026#34;)     如果元素上未设置颜色, 则有时浏览器会返回“透明”的颜色值. Color类也支持此功能:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin private final Color TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;);   TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    TRANSPARENT = Color.from_string(\u0026#39;transparent\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    private val TRANSPARENT = Color.fromString(\u0026#34;transparent\u0026#34;)     现在, 您可以安全地查询元素以获取其颜色/背景色, 任何响应都将被正确解析并转换为有效的Color对象:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Color loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)); Color loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;));   login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    login_button_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)) login_button_background_colour = Color.from_string(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;login\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;background-color\u0026#39;))   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val loginButtonColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)) val loginButtonBackgroundColour = Color.fromString(driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;login\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;background-color\u0026#34;))     然后, 您可以直接比较颜色对象:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK);   assert login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour == HOTPINK)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.equals(HOTPINK))     或者, 您可以将颜色转换为以下格式之一并执行静态验证:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;); assert loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;);   assert login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39; assert login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;   // We don\u0026#39;t have a C# code sample yet - Help us out and raise a PR    assert(login_button_background_colour.hex == \u0026#39;#ff69b4\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgba == \u0026#39;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#39;) assert(login_button_background_colour.rgb == \u0026#39;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(\u0026#34;#ff69b4\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(\u0026#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)\u0026#34;)) assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(\u0026#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)\u0026#34;))     颜色不再是问题.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/","title":"安装 WebDriver 二进制文件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要执行项目并控制浏览器，需要安装特定于浏览器的 WebDriver 二进制文件。\n下载 WebDriver 二进制文件 并放入 系统 PATH 环境变量 中.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/typographical_conventions/","title":"排版协议","tags":[],"description":"","content":"标题大写 应该避免标题完全大写, 例如 A Very Fine Heading, 应该书写为 A very fine heading . 没有意义的大写字母或者无视拼写协议的标题, 通常会带来误解. 我们更倾向于使用句子首字母大写的 sentence case 的方式.\n行的长度 在编辑以plain HTML格式编写的文档来源时, 请将行的长度限制在72个字符以内.\n部分先进的贡献者, 使用了 semantic linefeeds, 这是一种不以HTML源码换行为基础的技术, 通过这种技术, 公众看到的内容将会在文章中以“自然断开”的方式进行分割. 换句话说, 句子之间在更符合语义的地方被分割. 不必多虑每个段落的行, 强迫它们都以明确的边距结尾, 而是可以将换行符添加到语义有断开的任何地方. (译者注：具体区别，对比本网页与原始md后，即可了解本段想表达的意思)\n通过git进行协作时, 这种技术会使提交的差异更显而易见, 但这不是我们强制贡献者使用的内容.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/","title":"文件下载","tags":[],"description":"","content":"虽然可以通过在Selenium的控制下单击浏览器的链接来开始下载, 但是API并不会暴露下载进度, 因此这是一种不理想的测试下载文件的方式. 因为下载文件并非模拟用户与Web平台交互的重要方面. 取而代之的是, 应使用Selenium(以及任何必要的cookie)查找链接, 并将其传递给例如libcurl这样的HTTP请求库.\nHtmlUnit driver 可以通过实现AttachmentHandler 接口将附件作为输入流进行访问来下载附件. 可以将AttachmentHandler添加到 HtmlUnit WebClient.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/","title":"第三方驱动和插件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"可以通过使用插件扩展 Selenium。这里有一些由第三方创建和维护的插件。有关如何创建插件和使用的更多信息，请参考文档。\n请注意，Selenium 项目不支持、维护、托管或认可这些插件。另外，请注意，下面列出的插件不一定是 Apache 2.0 授权的。 其中一些插件在其他的免费和开源软件许可下可用；其他的只能在私有许可下使用。关于插件及其发行许可的任何问题都需要向它的开发人员提出。\n   浏览器 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪     Mozilla GeckoDriver 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪   Google Chrome Driver 最新版 变更记录 问题追踪   Opera 最新版 - 问题追踪   Microsoft Edge Driver 最新版 - 问题追踪   SafariDriver 内置 - 问题追踪    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/","title":"远程WebDriver客户端","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要运行远程WebDriver客户端, 我们首先需要连接到RemoteWebDriver. 为此, 我们将URL指向运行测试的服务器的地址. 为了自定义我们的配置, 我们设置了既定的功能. 下面是一个实例化样例, 其指向我们的远程Web服务器 www.example.com 的远程WebDriver对象, 并在Firefox上运行测试.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver firefox_options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions() driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=firefox_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions(); IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, desired_capabilities: :firefox driver.get \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34; driver.close   const { Builder, Capabilities } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); var capabilities = Capabilities.firefox(); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .withCapabilities(capabilities) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   firefoxOptions = FirefoxOptions() driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), firefoxOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     为了进一步自定义测试配置, 我们可以添加其他既定的功能.\n浏览器选项 例如, 假设您想使用Chrome版本67 在Windows XP上运行Chrome:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;); chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();   from selenium import webdriver chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chrome_options.set_capability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) driver = webdriver.Remote( command_executor=\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;, options=chrome_options ) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.BrowserVersion = \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;; chromeOptions.PlatformName = \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new Uri(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.Quit();   caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.platform = Windows XP caps.version = 67 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url =\u0026gt; \u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const chrome = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#34;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); opts.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); opts.setBrowserVersion(\u0026#39;67\u0026#39;); opts.setPlatform(\u0026#39;Windows XP\u0026#39;); (async function helloSelenium() { let driver = new Builder() .usingServer(\u0026#34;http://example.com\u0026#34;) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;browserVersion\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;67\u0026#34;) chromeOptions.setCapability(\u0026#34;platformName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Windows XP\u0026#34;) val driver: WebDriver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), chromeOptions) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()     本地文件检测器 本地文件检测器允许将文件从客户端计算机传输到远程服务器. 例如, 如果测试需要将文件上传到Web应用程序, 则远程WebDriver可以在运行时 将文件从本地计算机自动传输到远程Web服务器. 这允许从运行测试的远程计算机上载文件. 默认情况下未启用它, 可以通过以下方式启用:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());   from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector()   var allowsDetection = this.driver as IAllowsFileDetection; if (allowsDetection != null) { allowsDetection.FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector(); }   @driver.file_detector = lambda do |args| # args =\u0026gt; [\u0026#34;/path/to/file\u0026#34;] str = args.first.to_s str if File.exist?(str) end   var remote = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/remote\u0026#39;); driver.setFileDetector(new remote.FileDetector);   driver.fileDetector = LocalFileDetector()     定义上述代码后, 您可以通过以下方式在测试中上传文件:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); IWebElement upload = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.SendKeys(@\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   @driver.navigate.to \u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34; element = @driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;myfile\u0026#39;) element.send_keys \u0026#34;/Users/sso/SauceLabs/sauce/hostess/maitred/maitred/public/images/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;); var upload = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)); upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;http://sso.dev.saucelabs.com/test/guinea-file-upload\u0026#34;) val upload: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myfile\u0026#34;)) upload.sendKeys(\u0026#34;/Users/sso/the/local/path/to/darkbulb.jpg\u0026#34;)     追踪客户端请求 此功能仅适用于Java客户端绑定 (Beta版以后). 远程WebDriver客户端向Selenium网格服务器发送请求, 后者将请求传递给WebDriver. 应该在服务器端和客户端启用跟踪, 以便端到端地追踪HTTP请求. 两端都应该有一个指向可视化框架的追踪导出器设置. 默认情况下, 对客户端和服务器都启用追踪. 若设置可视化框架Jaeger UI及Selenium Grid 4, 请参阅所需版本的追踪设置 .\n对于客户端设置, 请执行以下步骤.\nBeta 1 添加所需依赖 可以使用Maven安装追踪导出器的外部库. 在项目pom.xml中添加 opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger 和 grpc-netty 的依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;0.14.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.34.1\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 在运行客户端时添加/传递所需的系统属性 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_SERVICE_NAME\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_HOST\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;localhost\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;JAEGER_AGENT_PORT\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;14250\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     Beta 2 及以后 添加所需依赖 可以使用Maven安装追踪导出器的外部库. 在项目pom.xml中添加 opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger 和 grpc-netty 的依赖项：\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.opentelemetry\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;opentelemetry-exporter-jaeger\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.0.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;io.grpc\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;grpc-netty\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;1.35.0\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; 在运行客户端时添加/传递所需的系统属性 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.traces.exporter\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;jaeger\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.exporter.jaeger.endpoint\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;http://localhost:14250\u0026#34;); System.setProperty(\u0026#34;otel.resource.attributes\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;service.name=selenium-java-client\u0026#34;); ImmutableCapabilities capabilities = new ImmutableCapabilities(\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;), capabilities); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit();     有关所需Selenium版本 及其外部依赖关系版本等更多信息, 请参阅追踪设置 .\n更多信息请访问:\n OpenTelemetry: https://opentelemetry.io 配置OpenTelemetry: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure Jaeger: https://www.jaegertracing.io Selenium Grid 可观测性  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"配置自己的服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"使用Selenium网格， 你需要维护你自己的基础设置来作为节点使用， 这将是一个繁重的紧张的工作，很多组织使用IaaS供应商比如Amazon EC2或者Google来提供这些基础设施。\n使用Sauce Labs或者Testing Bot这类提供了Selenium网格作为云服务的供应商也是一个选择。 当然，在你自己的硬件群运行节点也是可行的。 这一章会深入探讨如何用你自己的基础设施来运行你的服务网格，\n快速开始 这个例子会向你展示如何开始Selenium 2服务网格的转发器(hub), 然后注册WebDriver节点和Selenium 1 RC节点。 我们也会向你展示如何使用Java来使用Selenium服务网格。 这个例子里转发器和节点被运行在了同一台终端机上，当然你也可以服务selenium-server-standalone到 多台终端机。\nselenium-server-standalone 包含了运行网格所需要的转发器(hub),WebDriver和legacy RC needed, _ant_已经不是必须的了. 你可以在https://selenium.dev/downloads/.下载 selenium-server-standalone.jar\n第一步: 启动转发器(hub) 转发器(hub)是接受测试请求并分发到合适的节点的中心点。 分发是基于节点的能力的，这就意味着一个有特定需求的测试仅会被分发到能提供这个需求的节点上。\n因为一个测试所期望的能力，就如字面意思，期望，并不代表转发器(hub)能够找到一个真正满足所有期望的节点。\n打开命令行窗口，来到存放selenium-server-standalone.jar文件的地方。 启动转发器(hub)并传入-role hub作为参数来启动一个独立的服务：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub 转发器(hub)默认会监听4444端口，你也可以通过打开浏览器访问http://localhost:4444/grid/console来查看转发器(hub)的状态。\n如果需要改变默认端口，你可以添加-port加上一个数字作为参数来代表你期望监听的端口， 同时，所有其他的可选参数都可以在下面这个JSON配置文件里找到。\n你已经在上面获得了一个简单命令，当然如果你希望一些更高级的配置， 方便起见，你也可以指定一个JSON格式的配置文件来配置并启动你的转发器(hub)。 你可以这么做：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubConfig.json -debug 下面你可以看到一个配置文件hubConfig.json的例子。 我们会在第二步深入探讨怎么来提供节点配置文件。\n{ \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Hub - hubConfig.json\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;cleanupCycle\u0026#34;: 5000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 300000, \u0026#34;newSessionWaitTimeout\u0026#34;: -1, \u0026#34;servlets\u0026#34;: [], \u0026#34;prioritizer\u0026#34;: null, \u0026#34;capabilityMatcher\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throwOnCapabilityNotPresent\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;nodePolling\u0026#34;: 180000, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;} 第二部: 启动节点 无论你期望你的服务网格使用新的WebDriver的功能，还是Selenium 1 RC的功能，或者2者皆有。 你都只需要使用selenium-server-standalone.jar来启动节点。\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -hub http://localhost:4444 如果不通过-port来指定端口，会选一个可用端口。你也可以在一个终端机上运行多个节点， 但是如果你这么做了，你需要意识到当你的测试使用截屏会引发你的系统内存资源和问题。\n配置节点的可选参数 正如前面提到的，作为一个向下兼容，\u0026ldquo;wd\u0026quot;和”rc”这两个角色都是节点角色的合法的自己。 当节点同时允许RC饿WebDriver的远程链接时，这些角色限制了远程连接使用的API。\n通过在命令行中设置JVM属性(_在-jar参数前_使用-D参数)，会被传递到节点里： -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe\n使用JSON配置节点 你也可以使用JSON配置文件来启动服务网格节点\njava -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=chromedriver.exe -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig node1Config.json 这里是一个配置文件nodeConfig.json的例子:\n{ \u0026#34;capabilities\u0026#34;: [ { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;acceptSslCerts\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;javascriptEnabled\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;takesScreenshot\u0026#34;: false, \u0026#34;firefox_profile\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;browser-version\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;27\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;firefox_binary\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanSession\u0026#34;: true }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;chrome\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 5, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;internet explorer\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;maxInstances\u0026#34;: 1, \u0026#34;platform\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;WINDOWS\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;C:/Program Files (x86)/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe\u0026#34; } ], \u0026#34;configuration\u0026#34;: { \u0026#34;_comment\u0026#34; : \u0026#34;Configuration for Node\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cleanUpCycle\u0026#34;: 2000, \u0026#34;timeout\u0026#34;: 30000, \u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.WebDriverRemoteProxy\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;port\u0026#34;: 5555, \u0026#34;host\u0026#34;: ip, \u0026#34;register\u0026#34;: true, \u0026#34;hubPort\u0026#34;: 4444, \u0026#34;maxSession\u0026#34;: 5 } } 有关于-host参数的注解\n无论是转发器还是节点，如果不指定-host参数，会默认使用0.0.0.0， 这么做会绑定终端机的所有的公共IPv4接口。如果你有一些特殊网络配置或者一些组件创建的网络接口， 建议设置-host参数，来使你的转发器或节点能够被其他终端机访问。\n指定端口 转发器默认使用TCP/IP端口4444.如果你希望改端口，请用上面提到的配置方法。\n故障排查 使用日志文件 如果需要进行高级故障排查你可以指定一个日志文件来记录系统信息。 启动Selenium服务网格的转发器(hub)或节点的时候使用-log参数。下面是一个例子：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -log log.txt 使用你习惯的文本编辑器来打开日志文件(例子里用的log.txt)，查找\u0026quot;ERROR\u0026quot;日志来定位你的问题。\n使用 -debug 参数 同时，你也可以通过使用-debug来向控制台打印debug日志。 启动Selenium服务网格的转发器(hub)或节点的时候使用-debug参数。下面是一个例子：\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -debug 提醒 Selenium服务网格需要使用合适的防火墙许可来隔离外部访问。\n如果不能有效的保护你的服务网格，可能会导致以下问题：\n 提供了一个开发的接口来访问服务网格的基础设施 你将会允许第三方来访问内部web服务和文件 你将会允许第三方来执行定制的二进制文件  请参考这篇文章Detectify, 这里给了一个很好的概要， 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置， 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。\nSelenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。 Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在Docker Selenium 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.\n前提 创建服务网格的唯一的前提是安装了Docker并能正常运行 Install Docker.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/setting_up_your_own_grid/","title":"配置自己的服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 4中不同的网格设置模式:  单机 Hub和Node 分布式 Docker  单机模式: 新的Selenium服务器Jar 包含运行网格所需的全部内容. 这也是最简单的模式来玩转Selenium网格. 默认情况下, 服务器将监听http://localhost:4444, 这是您应该指向的RemoteWebDriver测试URL. 服务器将从系统路径中检测可用的驱动程序.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone Hub和Node模式: 启动Hub: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar hub 注册Node: java -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true 查询Selenium网格: In Selenium 4, we\u0026rsquo;ve added GraphQL, a new way to query the necessary data easily and get exactly the same.\ncurl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{ \u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{grid{uri}}\u0026#34; }\u0026#39; -s http://localhost:4444/graphql | jq . \n分布式模式:   第1步: 首先, 启动事件总线, 它在后续步骤中充当到其他网格组件的通信路径.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar event-bus   第2步: 启动会话映射, 其负责将会话ID到会话运行节点的映射.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessions   第3步: 启动新的会话队列, 它将新的会话请求添加到本地队列中. 分发服务器从队列中接收请求.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar sessionqueue   第4步: 启动分配器. 所有节点都附加到发进程上, 作为其组成的一部分, 负责在会话的创建时分配节点.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar distributor --sessions http://localhost:5556 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559 --bind-bus false   第5步:下一步是启动路由器, 你将暴露给网络一个地址.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar router --sessions http://localhost:5556 --distributor http://localhost:5553 --sessionqueue http://localhost:5559   第6步: 最终，添加节点.\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node --detect-drivers true   通过Docker映像启动独立网格 您可以通过以下命令启动一个节点:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar node -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; 您可以启动Selenium服务器 并将其委托给docker以创建新实例:\njava -jar selenium-server-4.0.0-alpha-7.jar standalone -D selenium/standalone-firefox:latest \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;browserName\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; --detect-drivers false 提醒 Selenium服务网格需要使用合适的防火墙许可来隔离外部访问。\n如果不能有效的保护你的服务网格，可能会导致以下问题：\n 提供了一个开发的接口来访问服务网格的基础设施 你将会允许第三方来访问内部web服务和文件 你将会允许第三方来执行定制的二进制文件  请参考这篇文章Detectify, 这里给了一个很好的概要， 关于暴露一个服务网格后会如何被滥用：Don\u0026rsquo;t Leave your Grid Wide Open.\nDocker Selenium Docker提供了一个方便的途径来在容器中构建一个可扩张的Selenium服务网格基础设置， 容器是软件的标准单元，包含了所有执行应用程序需要的东西，包括所有的依赖，它以一种可靠的，可以复制的方法来在不同的终端机上运行。\nSelenium项目维护了一组Docker镜像，你可以下载并运行来快速的获得一个可用的服务网格。 Firefox和Chrome都提供了可用的镜像。你可以在Docker Selenium 找到关于如何启动服务网格的详细信息.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/domain_specific_language/","title":"领域特定语言","tags":[],"description":"","content":"领域特定语言 (DSL) 是一种为用户提供解决问题的表达方式的系统. 它使用户可以按照自己的术语与系统进行交互, 而不仅仅是通过程序员的语言.\n您的用户通常并不关心您网站的外观. 他们不在乎装饰, 动画或图形. 他们希望借助于您的系统, 以最小的难度使新员工融入整个流程； 他们想预订去阿拉斯加的旅行； 他们想以折扣价配置和购买独角兽. 您作为测试人员的工作应尽可能接近\u0026quot;捕捉”这种思维定势. 考虑到这一点, 我们开始着手\u0026quot;建模”您正在工作的应用程序, 以使测试脚本 (发布前用户仅有的代理) \u0026ldquo;说话”并代表用户.\n在Selenium中, DSL通常由方法表示, 其编写方式使API简单易读-它们使开发人员和干系人 (用户, 产品负责人, 商业智能专家等) 之间能够产生汇报.\n好处  可读: 业务关系人可以理解. 可写: 易于编写, 避免不必要的重复. 可扩展: 可以 (合理地) 添加功能而无需打破约定以及现有功能. 可维护: 通过将实现细节排除在测试用例之外, 您可以很好地隔离 AUT* 的修改.  Java 以下是Java中合理的DSL方法的示例. 为简便起见, 假定 driver 对象是预定义的并且可用于该方法.\n/** * Takes a username and password, fills out the fields, and clicks \u0026#34;login\u0026#34;. * @return An instance of the AccountPage */ public AccountPage loginAsUser(String username, String password) { WebElement loginField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;loginField\u0026#34;)); loginField.clear(); loginField.sendKeys(username); // Fill out the password field. The locator we\u0026#39;re using is \u0026#34;By.id\u0026#34;, and we should  // have it defined elsewhere in the class.  WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); passwordField.clear(); passwordField.sendKeys(password); // Click the login button, which happens to have the id \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;.  driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)).click(); // Create and return a new instance of the AccountPage (via the built-in Selenium  // PageFactory).  return PageFactory.newInstance(AccountPage.class); } 此方法完全从测试代码中抽象出输入字段, 按钮, 单击甚至页面的概念. 使用这种方法, 测试人员要做的就是调用此方法. 这给您带来了维护方面的优势: 如果登录字段曾经更改过, 则只需更改此方法-而非您的测试.\npublic void loginTest() { loginAsUser(\u0026#34;cbrown\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cl0wn3\u0026#34;); // Now that we\u0026#39;re logged in, do some other stuff--since we used a DSL to support  // our testers, it\u0026#39;s as easy as choosing from available methods.  do.something(); do.somethingElse(); Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Something should have been done!\u0026#34;, something.wasDone()); // Note that we still haven\u0026#39;t referred to a button or web control anywhere in this  // script... } 郑重强调: 您的主要目标之一应该是编写一个API, 该API允许您的测试解决 当前的问题, 而不是UI的问题. 用户界面是用户的次要问题–用户并不关心用户界面, 他们只是想完成工作. 您的测试脚本应该像用户希望做的事情以及他们想知道的事情的完整清单那样易于阅读. 测试不应该考虑UI如何要求您去做.\n*AUT: 待测系统\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/driver_specific_capabilities/","title":"驱动特定的功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Firefox 使用FirefoxOptions定义功能 FirefoxOptions 是为Firefox浏览器定义功能(Capabilities)的新方法，通常应优先使用预期功能(DesiredCapabilities).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options options = Options() options.headless = True driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.Proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Direct; var driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; opts = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(args: [\u0026#39;-headless\u0026#39;]) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:firefox, options: opts)   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); options.headless(); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = new FirefoxOptions() options.addPreference(\u0026#34;network.proxy.type\u0026#34;, 0) driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     设置自定义配置文件 可以为Firefox创建自定义配置文件, 如下所示.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(); FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions(); options.setProfile(profile); driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile options=Options() firefox_profile = FirefoxProfile() firefox_profile.set_preference(\u0026#34;javascript.enabled\u0026#34;, False) options.profile = firefox_profile   var options = new FirefoxOptions(); var profile = new FirefoxProfile(); options.Profile = profile; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   profile = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new profile[\u0026#39;browser.download.dir\u0026#39;] = \u0026#34;/tmp/webdriver-downloads\u0026#34; options = Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Options.new(profile: profile) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, options: options   const { Builder } = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const options = new firefox.Options(); let profile = \u0026#39;/path to custom profile\u0026#39;; options.setProfile(profile); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxOptions(options) .build();   val options = FirefoxOptions() options.profile = FirefoxProfile() driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     Internet Explorer fileUploadDialogTimeout 在某些环境中, 当打开文件上传对话框时, Internet Explorer可能会超时. IEDriver的默认超时为1000毫秒, 但您可以使用fileUploadDialogTimeout功能来增加超时时间.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.FileUploadDialogTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000); var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.file_upload_dialog_timeout = 2000 driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().fileUploadDialogTimeout(2000); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.waitForUploadDialogUpTo(Duration.ofSeconds(2)) val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ensureCleanSession 设置为 true时, 此功能将清除InternetExplorer所有正在运行实例的 缓存, 浏览器历史记录和Cookies (包括手动启动或由驱动程序启动的实例) . 默认情况下，此设置为 false.\n使用此功能将导致启动浏览器时性能下降, 因为驱动程序将等待直到缓存清除后再启动IE浏览器.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ensure_clean_session = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.EnsureCleanSession = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ensure_clean_session = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ensureCleanSession(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.destructivelyEnsureCleanSession() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreZoomSetting InternetExplorer驱动程序期望浏览器的缩放级别为100%, 否则驱动程序将可能抛出异常. 通过将 ignoreZoomSetting 设置为 true, 可以禁用此默认行为.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ignoreZoomSettings(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_zoom_level = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IgnoreZoomLevel = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_zoom_level = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().ignoreZoomSetting(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.ignoreZoomSettings() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     ignoreProtectedModeSettings 启动新的IE会话时是否跳过 保护模式 检查.\n如果未设置, 并且所有区域的 保护模式 设置都不同, 则驱动程序将可能引发异常.\n如果将功能设置为 true, 则测试可能会变得不稳定, 无响应, 或者浏览器可能会挂起. 但是, 到目前为止, 这仍然是第二好的选择, 并且第一选择应该 始终 是手动实际设置每个区域的保护模式设置. 如果用户正在使用此属性， 则只会给予 \u0026ldquo;尽力而为\u0026rdquo; 的支持.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains(); WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   var options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.IntroduceInstabilityByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings = true; var driver = new RemoteWebDriver(options);   options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.ignore_protected_mode_settings = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options)   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options().introduceFlakinessByIgnoringProtectedModeSettings(true); let driver = await Builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.introduceFlakinessByIgnoringSecurityDomains() val driver = RemoteWebDriver(options)     silent 设置为 true时, 此功能将禁止IEDriverServer的诊断输出.\n此功能接受一个布尔值作为参数.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.set_capability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, True) driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.AddAdditionalInternetExplorerOption(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true); IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const {Builder,By, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let caps = Capabilities.ie(); caps.set(\u0026#39;silent\u0026#39;, true); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .withCapabilities(caps) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;silent\u0026#34;, true) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     IE 命令行选项 Internet Explorer包含几个命令行选项, 使您可以进行故障排除和配置浏览器.\n下面介绍了一些受支持的命令行选项\n  -private : 用于在私有浏览模式下启动IE. 这适用于IE 8和更高版本.\n  -k : 在kiosk模式下启动Internet Explorer. 浏览器在一个最大化的窗口中打开, 该窗口不显示地址栏, 导航按钮或状态栏.\n  -extoff : 在无附加模式下启动IE. 此选项专门用于解决浏览器加载项问题. 在IE 7和更高版本中均可使用.\n  注意: forceCreateProcessApi 应该启用命令行参数才能正常工作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;) options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; options.BrowserCommandLineArguments = \u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true options.add_argument(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-k\u0026#39;); options.addBrowserCommandSwitches(\u0026#39;-private\u0026#39;); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() options.addCommandSwitches(\u0026#34;-k\u0026#34;) val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     forceCreateProcessApi 强制使用CreateProcess API启动Internet Explorer. 默认值为false.\n对于IE 8及更高版本, 此选项要求将 \u0026ldquo;TabProcGrowth\u0026rdquo; 注册表值设置为0.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions; public class ieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe(); InternetExplorerDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); Capabilities caps = driver.getCapabilities(); System.out.println(caps); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver options = webdriver.IeOptions() options.force_create_process_api = True driver = webdriver.Ie(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; namespace ieTest { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { InternetExplorerOptions options = new InternetExplorerOptions(); options.ForceCreateProcessApi = true; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; options = Selenium::WebDriver::IE::Options.new options.force_create_process_api = true driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:ie, options: options) begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; puts(driver.capabilities.to_json) ensure driver.quit end   const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let options = new ie.Options(); options.forceCreateProcessApi(true); driver = await env.builder() .setIeOptions(options) .build();   import org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerOptions fun main() { val options = InternetExplorerOptions() options.useCreateProcessApiToLaunchIe() val driver = InternetExplorerDriver(options) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) val caps = driver.getCapabilities() println(caps) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/","title":"驱动要求","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通过 WebDriver，Selenium 支持市面上所有主流的浏览器，如 Chrom(ium)、Firefox、 Internet Explorer、Opera 和 Safari。 尽管并非所有浏览器都对远程控制提供官方支持， 但 WebDriver 尽可能使用浏览器的内置自动化支持来驱动浏览器。\nWebDriver 的目标是尽可能模拟真实用户与浏览器的交互。\n在不同的浏览器中，这可能有不同的级别。有关不同驱动程序特性的详细信息， 请参见 驱动程序特性。\n尽管所有的驱动程序共享一个面向用户的界面来控制浏览器，但它们设置浏览器会话的方式略有不同。 由于许多驱动程序实现是由第三方提供的，所以它们不包括在标准的 Selenium 发行版中。\n驱动程序实例化、配置文件管理和各种特定于浏览器的设置都是具体参数的例子，这些参数根据浏览器有 不同的需求。本节介绍了使用不同浏览器的基本要求。\n将可执行文件添加到 PATH 中 大多数驱动程序需要 Selenium 额外的可执行文件才能与浏览器通信。您可以在启动 WebDriver 之前手动指定可执行文件的存放位置，但这会使测试的可移植性降低，因为可执行文件必须位于每台 计算机上的同一位置，或包含在测试代码存储库中。\n通过将包含 WebDriver 二进制文件的文件夹添加到系统 path 环境变量中，Selenium 将能够找到其他二进制文件，而无需您的测试代码来定位驱动程序的确切位置。\n 创建一个目录来放置可执行文件，例如 C:\\WebDriver\\bin 或 /opt/WebDriver/bin 将目录添加到您的 path 中：  在 Windows 上 - 以管理员身份打开命令提示符，然后运行以下命令将目录永久添加到计算机上所有用户的路径中：    setx /m path \u0026#34;%path%;C:\\WebDriver\\bin\\\u0026#34;  在 macOS 和 Linux 上的 Bash 用户 - 在终端中：  export PATH=$PATH:/opt/WebDriver/bin \u0026gt;\u0026gt; ~/.profile  现在您可以测试更改了。关闭所有打开的命令提示符，然后打开一个新的提示符。 输入您在上一步创建的文件夹中的某一个二进制文件的名称，例如： chromedriver  如果您的 PATH 配置正确，您将看到一些有关驱动程序启动的输出：  Starting ChromeDriver 2.25.426935 (820a95b0b81d33e42712f9198c215f703412e1a1) on port 9515 Only local connections are allowed. 您可以通过按 Ctrl + C 重新获得对命令提示符的控制。\n快速参考    浏览器 支持的操作系统 维护者 下载 问题追踪     Chromium/Chrome Windows/macOS/Linux 谷歌 下载 问题   火狐 Windows/macOS/Linux Mozilla 下载 问题   Edge Windows 10 微软 下载 问题   Internet Explorer Windows Selenium 项目组 下载 问题   Safari macOS El Capitan 及更高版本 苹果 内置 问题   Opera Windows/macOS/Linux Opera 下载 问题    Chromium/Chrome 要驱动 Chrome 或 Chromium，您必须下载 chromedriver 并将其放在系统路径上的文件夹中。\n在 Linux 或 macOS 上，这意味着修改 PATH 环境变量。通过执行以下命令，您可以看到由冒号分隔的目录组成的系统路径：\n$ echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin 要在路径上包含 chromedriver(如果还没有的话)，请确保包含 chromedriver 二进制文件的父目录。 下面的行将设置当前 PATH 环境变量的内容，在冒号后面添加一个额外的路径:\n$ export PATH=\u0026#34;$PATH:/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34; 当您的路径上有 chromedriver 时，您应该可以从任何目录执行 chromedriver 可执行文件。\n要实例化 Chrome/Chromium 会话，您可以执行以下操作：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Chrome driver = Chrome() #或者使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Chrome with Chrome() as driver: #你自己的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); //你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver()     请记住，您必须设置 chromedriver 可执行文件的路径。可以使用下行代码实现：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Chrome(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;)   new ChromeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Chrome.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;   chrome.setDefaultService(new chrome.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#39;path/to/chromedriver\u0026#39;).build());   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/chromedriver\u0026#34;)     chromedriver 被实现为 WebDriver 远程服务器，该服务器通过公开 Chrome 的内部自动化代理接口来指示浏览器该怎么做。\n火狐浏览器 从 Selenium 3 开始，Mozilla 通过 geckodriver 接管了火狐驱动程序的实现。火狐的新驱动程序被称为 geckodriver，可与 Firefox 48 及更高版本一起使用。 由于正在开发 Firefox WebDriver，因此 Firefox 版本越新，支持越好。\n由于 geckodriver 是默认新的启动火狐浏览器的方式，您可以像 Selenium 2 那样实例化火狐浏览器:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Firefox driver = Firefox() #或者使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Firefox with Firefox() as driver: #你自己的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); // 你自己的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.Firefox.FirefoxDriver val driver: WebDriver = FirefoxDriver()     如果您不想使用 PATH 设置 geckodriver 的位置，请在代码中设置 geckodriver 的位置：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Firefox(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#39;)   new FirefoxDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.driver_path = \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;   const firefox = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/firefox\u0026#39;); const serviceBuilder = new firefox.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;); (async function myFunction() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;) .setFirefoxService(serviceBuilder) .build(); //your code inside this block })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.gecko.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;/path/to/geckodriver\u0026#34;)     也可以在运行时设置属性：\nmvn test -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/path/to/geckodriver 当前，可以通过安装 Firefox 47.0.1 或 45 ESR 并指定 marionette 功能为 false 来还原到功能更强大的旧版 Firefox 驱动程序。Firefox 的更高版本不再兼容。\nEdge Edge 是微软最新的浏览器，内置在 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2016 中。Edge 的更新与 Windows 的主要更新捆绑在一起，因此您需要下载一个与您当前安装的 Windows 版本的版本号匹配的二进制文件。 Edge 开发者网站 包含指向所有可用的二进制文件的链接。针对 EdgeDriver 实现的 bug 可以在 微软网站 中提出。如果您想针对 Edge 运行测试，但没有 Windows 10，微软在 Edge 开发者网站 上为测试人员提供了免费的虚拟机。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver; WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Edge driver = Edge() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Edge with Edge() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Edge; IWebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :edge   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver val driver: WebDriver = EdgeDriver()     如果您的路径中没有 Edge 驱动程序，您可以使用以下行设置路径:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Edge(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#39;)   new EdgeDriver(\u0026#34;/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::Edge.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const edge = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/edge\u0026#39;); let service = new edge.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/msedgedriver.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setEdgeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;MicrosoftEdge\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.edge.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/MicrosoftWebDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     IE 浏览器 在 Windows 10 之前，IE 一直是微软的默认浏览器，尽管它仍被包含在 Windows 10 中。 Internet Explorer Driver 是唯一的 Selenium 项目组旨在支持 微软认为当前 版本的驱动程序。旧版本可能可以工作，但将不受支持。\n虽然 Selenium 项目为 32 位和 64 位版本的 IE 提供了二进制文件，但是 IE 10 和 11 在 64 位驱动程序上 有一些限制， 但是使用 32 位驱动程序仍然可以很好地工作。应该注意的是，由于 IE 浏览器的首选项是根据登录用户的帐户保存的， 因此需要进行一些额外的设置。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver; WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Ie driver = Ie() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Ie with Ie() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.IE; IWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver val driver: WebDriver = InternetExplorerDriver()     如果 IE 浏览器驱动程序不在您的路径中，您可以使用以下行设置路径：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Ie(executable_path=\u0026#39;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#39;)   new InternetExplorerDriver(\u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;);   Selenium::WebDriver::IE.driver_path = \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const ie = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/ie\u0026#39;); let service = new ie.ServiceBuilder(\u0026#34;/path/to/IEDriverServer.exe\u0026#34;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .setIeService(service) .forBrowser(\u0026#39;internet explorer\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.ie.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;C:/path/to/IEDriver.exe\u0026#34;)     微软还为 Windows 7 和 8.1 中的 IE 11 提供了一个 WebDriver 二进制版本。自 2014 年以来就没有更新过，它是基于 W3 规范的草案版本。 Jim Evans 写了一篇关于微软实现的优秀文章。\nOpera Opera 的当前版本是建立在 Chromium 引擎之上的，而 WebDriver 现在是通过闭源的 Opera Chromium 驱动程序来支持的， 它可以被添加到您的路径或作为系统属性。\n实例化一个驱动程序会话类似于 Firefox 和 Chromium：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver; WebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Opera driver = Opera() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Opera with Opera() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Opera; IWebDriver driver = new OperaDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :opera   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34;); const opera = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/opera\u0026#39;); (async function test() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;opera\u0026#39;) .build(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver val driver: WebDriver = OperaDriver()     Safari High Sierra and later:\n 首先从终端运行以下命令 时间并在提示符下键入密码以授权WebDriver  safaridriver --enable El Capitan and Sierra:\n 启用 Safari 首选项中的 Developer 菜单 从 “开发” 菜单中选择 “允许远程自动化” 选项 第一次运行时在终端输入以下命令，并在提示符处输入密码以授权 WebDriver  /usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337\u0026lt;/ 你可以使用以下代码开始一个驱动程序会话:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver; WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   #简单赋值 from selenium.webdriver import Safari driver = Safari() #或使用上下文管理器 from selenium.webdriver import Safari with Safari() as driver: #你的代码放在这个缩进中   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari; IWebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();   require \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function myFunction() {let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;safari\u0026#39;).build(); // 你的代码放在这个块中 })();   import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver val driver: WebDriver = SafariDriver()     那些希望在 iOS 上实现 Safari 自动化的人应该关注Appium 项目。 虽然 Safari 之前也支持 Windows，但苹果早就放弃了对它的支持，这让它成为了一个糟糕的测试平台。\n模拟浏览器 HtmlUnit HtmlUnit 是一个 “针对 Java 程序的无图形界面浏览器”。它为 HTML 文档建模，并提供一个 API， 允许您调用页面、填写表单、单击链接等。它支持 JavaScript，能够使用 AJAX 库，根据使用的配置模拟 Chrome、Firefox 或 IE。它已经迁移到一个新位置 了。 源文件保存在 svn 上。\nPhantomJS PhantomJS 是一款基于 Webkit 的无头浏览器，尽管它的版本比谷歌 Chrome 或 Safari 要老得多。虽然曾经很流行， 但现在明智的做法是避免 PhantomJS。这个项目 从 8 月 5 日起 就一直没有被维护过，所以尽管网络会继续变化，PhantomJS 也不会更新。在谷歌宣布可以无头运行 Chrome 之后，现在 Mozilla 的火狐浏览器也提供了这个功能。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/","title":"HTML runner","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium HTML-runner 允许您从命令行运行 Test Suites。 Test Suites 是从 Selenium IDE 或兼容工具导出的 HTML。\n公共信息   geckodriver / firefox / selenium-html-runner 版本的组合很重要。 可能在某个地方有一个软件兼容性矩阵。\n  selenium-html-runner 只运行 Test Suite（而不是 Test Case —— 例如从 Monitis Transaction Monitor 导出的东西）。一定要遵守这个规定。\n  对于没有 DISPLAY 的 Linux 用户，您需要启动具有 Virtual DISPLAY 的 html-runner （搜索 xvfb）\n  示例 Linux 环境 安装 / 下载以下软件包：\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [user@localhost ~]$ rpm -qa | egrep -i \u0026#34;xvfb|java-1.8|firefox\u0026#34; xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.19.3-11.el7.x86_64 firefox-52.4.0-1.el7.centos.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.151-1.b12.el7_4.x86_64 Test Suite 示例：\n[user@localhost ~]$ cat testsuite.html \u0026lt;?xml version=\u0026#34;1.0\u0026#34; encoding=\u0026#34;UTF-8\u0026#34;?\u0026gt; \u0026lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \u0026#34;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN\u0026#34; \u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html xmlns=\u0026#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\u0026#34; xml:lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34; lang=\u0026#34;en\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34; http-equiv=\u0026#34;content-type\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table id=\u0026#34;suiteTable\u0026#34; cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; class=\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Test Suite\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;YOUR-TEST-SCENARIO\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; 如何运行 selenium-html-runner headless 现在，最重要的部分，一个如何运行 selenium-html-runner 的例子！ 您的体验可能因软件组合而异 - geckodriver / FF / html-runner 版本。\nxvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html [user@localhost ~]$ xvfb-run java -Dwebdriver.gecko.driver=/home/mmasek/geckodriver.0.18.0 -jar selenium-html-runner-3.7.1.jar -htmlSuite \u0026#34;*firefox\u0026#34; \u0026#34;https://YOUR-BASE-URL\u0026#34; \u0026#34;$(pwd)/testsuite.html\u0026#34; \u0026#34;results.html\u0026#34; ; grep result: -A1 results.html/firefox.results.html Multi-window mode is longer used as an option and will be ignored. 1510061109691 geckodriver INFO geckodriver 0.18.0 1510061109708 geckodriver INFO Listening on 127.0.0.1:2885 1510061110162 geckodriver::marionette INFO Starting browser /usr/bin/firefox with args [\u0026#34;-marionette\u0026#34;] 1510061111084 Marionette INFO Listening on port 43229 1510061111187 Marionette WARN TLS certificate errors will be ignored for this session Nov 07, 2017 1:25:12 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession INFO: Detected dialect: W3C 2017-11-07 13:25:12.714:INFO::main: Logging initialized @3915ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog 2017-11-07 13:25:12.804:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.z-SNAPSHOT 2017-11-07 13:25:12.822:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.h.ContextHandler@87a85e1{/tests,null,AVAILABLE} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@52102734{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:31892} 2017-11-07 13:25:12.843:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @4045ms Nov 07, 2017 1:25:13 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |open | /auth_mellon.php | | Nov 07, 2017 1:25:14 PM org.openqa.selenium.server.htmlrunner.CoreTestCase run INFO: |waitForPageToLoad | 3000 | | . . .etc \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;result:\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;PASS\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/","title":"HTTP响应码","tags":[],"description":"","content":"对于Selenium RC中的某些浏览器配置， Selenium充当了浏览器和自动化站点之间的代理. 这意味着可以捕获或操纵通过Selenium传递的所有浏览器流量. captureNetworkTraffic() 方法旨在捕获浏览器和自动化站点之间的所有网络流量，包括HTTP响应码.\nSelenium WebDriver是一种完全不同的浏览器自动化实现， 它更喜欢表现得像用户一样，这种方式来自于基于WebDriver编写测试的方式. 在自动化功能测试中，检查状态码并不是测试失败的特别重要的细节, 之前的步骤更重要.\n浏览器将始终呈现HTTP状态代码，例如404或500错误页面. 遇到这些错误页面时，一种“快速失败”的简单方法是 在每次加载页面后检查页面标题或可信赖点的内容（例如 \u0026lt;h1\u0026gt; 标签）. 如果使用的是页面对象模型，则可以将此检查置于类构造函数中或类似于期望的页面加载的位置. 有时，HTTP代码甚至可能出现在浏览器的错误页面中， 您可以使用WebDriver读取此信息并改善调试输出.\n检查网页本身的一种理想实践是符合WebDriver的呈现以及用户的视角.\n如果您坚持，捕获HTTP状态代码的高级解决方案是复刻Selenium RC的行为去使用代理. WebDriver API提供了为浏览器设置代理的功能， 并且有许多代理可以通过编程方式来操纵发送到Web服务器和从Web服务器接收的请求的内容. 使用代理可以决定如何响应重定向响应代码. 此外，并非每个浏览器都将响应代码提供给WebDriver， 因此选择使用代理可以使您拥有适用于每个浏览器的解决方案.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/","title":"Selenium 安装","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 安装 Selenium 设置与其他商业工具的设置完全不同。 要在自动化项目中使用 Selenium，您需要为您选择的语言安装语言绑定库。 此外，对于要自动运行并运行测试的浏览器，您将需要 WebDriver 二进制文件。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/","title":"WebDriver Bidi APIs","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在Selenium 4中, 引入了新的事件API, 使用户能够在事件发生时从浏览器捕获事件, 并非WebDriver用于其他API的传统请求/响应方法.\nWebDriver将在内部创建针对浏览器的WebSocket连接, 用于传输事件和命令.\n随着Selenium项目更多地用于实际案例, 相应的API列表将不断扩充. 如果缺少API, 请提出功能请求.\n变化监测 变化监测是一种能力, 用于当特定元素的DOM发生变化时, 得以通过WebDriver BiDi捕获事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); HasLogEvents logger = (HasLogEvents) driver; AtomicReference\u0026lt;DomMutationEvent\u0026gt; seen = new AtomicReference\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); logger.onLogEvent(domMutation(mutation -\u0026gt; { seen.set(mutation); latch.countDown(); })); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement span = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;span\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;gouda\u0026#39;);\u0026#34;, span); assertThat(latch.await(10, SECONDS)).isTrue(); assertThat(seen.get().getAttributeName()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;); assertThat(seen.get().getCurrentValue()).isEqualTo(\u0026#34;gouda\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait driver = webdriver.Chrome() async with driver.log.mutation_events() as event: pages.load(\u0026#34;dynamic.html\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;reveal\u0026#34;).click() WebDriverWait(driver, 5)\\ .until(EC.visibility_of(driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;revealed\u0026#34;))) assert event[\u0026#34;attribute_name\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;style\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;current_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;\u0026#34; assert event[\u0026#34;old_value\u0026#34;] == \u0026#34;display:none;\u0026#34;   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Please help with a .NET example    require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin driver.on_log_event(:mutation) { |mutation| mutations.push(mutation) } driver.navigate.to url_for(\u0026#39;dynamic.html\u0026#39;) driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;).click wait.until { mutations.any? } mutation = mutations.first expect(mutation.element).to eq(driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;)) expect(mutation.attribute_name).to eq(\u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.current_value).to eq(\u0026#39;\u0026#39;) expect(mutation.old_value).to eq(\u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function (event) { assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.strictEqual(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) let element = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39; }) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({ id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39; }) await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000) })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Please help us create an example for Kotlin      "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/","title":"同选择元素一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"选择元素可能需要大量样板代码才能自动化. 为了减少这种情况并使您的测试更干净, 在Selenium的support包中有一个 Select 类. 要使用它，您将需要以下导入语句:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;   from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select   using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI   include Selenium::WebDriver::Support   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select     然后，您能够参考 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素，基于WebElement创建一个Select对象。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); Select selectObject = new Select(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID,\u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   IWebElement selectElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)); var selectObject = new SelectElement(selectElement);   select_element = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;selectElementID\u0026#39;) select_object = Select(select_element)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;selectElementID\u0026#34;)) val selectObject = new Select(selectElement)     Select对象现在将为您提供一系列命令，使您可以与 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素进行交互. 首先，有多种方法可以从 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素中选择一个选项.\n\u0026lt;select\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value1\u0026gt;Bread\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value2 selected\u0026gt;Milk\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;option value=value3\u0026gt;Cheese\u0026lt;/option\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/select\u0026gt; 有三种方法可以从上述元素中选择第一个选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by_index(1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.SelectByIndex(1); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.SelectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text  selectObject.SelectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;);   # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.select_by(:index, 1) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.select_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.select_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;)   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.selectByIndex(1) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.selectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Select an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.selectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;)     然后，您可以检视所有被选择的选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allSelectedOptions = selectObject.getAllSelectedOptions(); // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM WebElement firstSelectedOption = selectObject.getFirstSelectedOption();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.all_selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected var allSelectedOptions = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions; // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM var firstSelectedOption = selectObject.AllSelectedOptions.FirstOrDefault();   # Return an Array[Element] of options that have been selected all_selected_options = select_object.selected_options # Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM first_selected_option = select_object.first_selected_option   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that have been selected val allSelectedOptions = selectObject.allSelectedOptions // Return a WebElement referencing the first selection option found by walking down the DOM val firstSelectedOption = selectObject.firstSelectedOption     或者您可能只对 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素包含哪些 \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; 元素感兴趣:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.getOptions();   # Return a list[WebElement] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // Return a IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains IList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; allAvailableOptions = selectObject.Options;   # Return an Array[Element] of options that the \u0026amp;lt;select\u0026amp;gt; element contains all_available_options = select_object.options   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Return a List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; of options that the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element contains val allAvailableOptions = selectObject.options     如果要取消选择任何元素，现在有四个选项:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by_index(1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by_value(\u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by_visible_text(\u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all()   // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.DeselectByIndex(1); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.DeselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;); // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.DeselectByText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;); // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.DeselectAll();   # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index select_object.deselect_by(:index, 1) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute select_object.deselect_by(:value, \u0026#39;value1\u0026#39;) # Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text select_object.deselect_by(:text, \u0026#39;Bread\u0026#39;) # Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements select_object.deselect_all   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon the \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; element\u0026#39;s internal index selectObject.deselectByIndex(1) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its value attribute selectObject.deselectByValue(\u0026#34;value1\u0026#34;) // Deselect an \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; based upon its text selectObject.deselectByVisibleText(\u0026#34;Bread\u0026#34;) // Deselect all selected \u0026lt;option\u0026gt; elements selectObject.deselectAll()     最后，一些 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素允许您选择多个选项. 您可以通过使用以下命令确定您的 \u0026lt;select\u0026gt; 元素是否允许多选:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Boolean doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple();   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.is_multiple   bool doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.IsMultiple;   does_this_allow_multiple_selections = select_object.multiple?   // This feature is not implemented - Help us by sending a pr to implement this feature    val doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/","title":"安装独立服务器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"如果您打算使用 Grid， 那么您应该下载 selenium-server-standalone JAR 文件， 但是所有的组件都可以通过 selenium-server 提供。 standalone JAR 文件包含所有内容，包括远程 Selenium 服务器和客户端绑定。 这意味着，如果在项目中使用 selenium-server-standalone JAR，则不必添加 selenium-java 或浏览器特定的 jar。\n\u0026lt;dependency\u0026gt; \u0026lt;groupId\u0026gt;org.seleniumhq.selenium\u0026lt;/groupId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;artifactId\u0026gt;selenium-server\u0026lt;/artifactId\u0026gt; \u0026lt;version\u0026gt;3.X\u0026lt;/version\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/dependency\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/","title":"定位元素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"定位元素 使用 WebDriver 时要学习的最基本的技术之一是如何查找页面上的元素。 WebDriver 提供了许多内置的选择器类型，其中包括根据 id 属性查找元素:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)   IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;));   val cheese: WebElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;))     如示例所示，在 WebDriver 中定位元素是在 WebDriver 实例对象上完成的。 findElement(By) 方法返回另一个基本对象类型 WebElement。\n WebDriver 代表浏览器 WebElement 表示特定的 DOM 节点（控件，例如链接或输入栏等）  一旦你已经找到一个元素的引用，你可以通过对该对象实例使用相同的调用来缩小搜索范围：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); WebElement cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;) cheddar = cheese.find_elements_by_id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;)   IWebElement cheese = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cheddar = cheese.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheese = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;) cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: \u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;)); const cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cheddar\u0026#39;));   val cheese = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34;)) val cheddar = cheese.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cheddar\u0026#34;))     你可以这样做是因为， WebDriver 和 WebElement 类型都实现了 搜索上下文 接口。在 WebDriver 中，这称为 基于角色的接口。基于角色的接口允许你确定特定的驱动程序实现是否支持给定的功能。这些接口定义得很清楚，并且尽量只承担单一的功能。你可以阅读更多关于 WebDriver 的设计，以及在 WebDriver 中有哪些角色被支持，在其他被命名的部分。\n因此，上面使用的 By 接口也支持许多附加的定位器策略。嵌套查找可能不是最有效的定位 cheese 的策略，因为它需要向浏览器发出两个单独的命令：首先在 DOM 中搜索 id 为“cheese”的元素，然后在较小范围的上下文中搜索“cheddar”。\n为了稍微提高性能，我们应该尝试使用一个更具体的定位器：WebDriver 支持通过 CSS 定位器查找元素，我们可以将之前的两个定位器合并到一个搜索里面:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   cheddar = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;)   driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;));   driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;)   const cheddar = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#39;));   driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese #cheddar\u0026#34;))     定位多个元素 我们正在处理的文本中可能会有一个我们最喜欢的奶酪的订单列表：\n\u0026lt;ol id=cheese\u0026gt; \u0026lt;li id=cheddar\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=brie\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=rochefort\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;li id=camembert\u0026gt;… \u0026lt;/ol\u0026gt; 因为有更多的奶酪无疑是更好的，但是单独检索每一个项目是很麻烦的，检索奶酪的一个更好的方式是使用复数版本 findElements(By) 。此方法返回 web 元素的集合。如果只找到一个元素，它仍然返回(一个元素的)集合。如果没有元素被定位器匹配到，它将返回一个空列表。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;)   IReadOnlyList\u0026lt;IWebElement\u0026gt; muchoCheese = driver.FindElements(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;));   mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: \u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;)   const muchoCheese = driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;#cheese li\u0026#39;));   val muchoCheese: List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#cheese li\u0026#34;))     元素选择策略 在 WebDriver 中有 8 种不同的内置元素定位策略：\n   定位器 Locator 描述     class name 定位class属性与搜索值匹配的元素（不允许使用复合类名）   css selector 定位 CSS 选择器匹配的元素   id 定位 id 属性与搜索值匹配的元素   name 定位 name 属性与搜索值匹配的元素   link text 定位link text可视文本与搜索值完全匹配的锚元素   partial link text 定位link text可视文本部分与搜索值部分匹配的锚点元素。如果匹配多个元素，则只选择第一个元素。   tag name 定位标签名称与搜索值匹配的元素   xpath 定位与 XPath 表达式匹配的元素    使用选择器的提示 一般来说，如果 HTML 的 id 是可用的、唯一的且是可预测的，那么它就是在页面上定位元素的首选方法。它们的工作速度非常快，可以避免复杂的 DOM 遍历带来的大量处理。\n如果没有唯一的 id，那么最好使用写得好的 CSS 选择器来查找元素。XPath 和 CSS 选择器一样好用，但是它语法很复杂，并且经常很难调试。尽管 XPath 选择器非常灵活，但是他们通常未经过浏览器厂商的性能测试，并且运行速度很慢。\n基于链接文本和部分链接文本的选择策略有其缺点，即只能对链接元素起作用。此外，它们在 WebDriver 内部调用 XPath 选择器。\n标签名可能是一种危险的定位元素的方法。页面上经常出现同一标签的多个元素。这在调用 findElements(By) 方法返回元素集合的时候非常有用。\n建议您尽可能保持定位器的紧凑性和可读性。使用 WebDriver 遍历 DOM 结构是一项性能花销很大的操作，搜索范围越小越好。\n相对定位 在Selenium 4中带来了相对定位这个新功能，在以前的版本中被称之为\u0026quot;好友定位 (Friendly Locators)\u0026quot;。 它可以帮助你通过某些元素作为参考来定位其附近的元素。 现在可用的相对定位有：\n above 元素上 below 元素下 toLeftOf 元素左 toRightOf 元素右 near 附近  findElement 方法现在支持witTagName()新方法其可返回RelativeLocator相对定位对象。\nNOTE: Java bindings now support with(By) instead of withTagName() allowing users to pick locator of their choice like By.id, By.cssSelector etc. This feature landed in Selenium4 - beta3\n如何工作 Selenium是通过使用JavaScript函数 getBoundingClientRect() 来查找相对元素的。这个函数能够返回对应元素的各种属性例如：右，左，下，上。\n通过下面的例子我们来理解一下关于相对定位的使用\nabove() 元素上 返回当前指定元素位置上方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement passwordField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .above(passwordField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name passwordField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).above(passwordField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Above(passwordField));   password_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, above:password_field})   let passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;password\u0026#39;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).above(passwordField));   val passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).above(passwordField))     below() 元素下 返回当前指定元素位置下方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressField= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .below(emailAddressField));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressField = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) passwordField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).below(emailAddressField))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement passwordField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Below(emailAddressField));   email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;email\u0026#34;) password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, below: email_address_field})   let emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;email\u0026#39;)); let passwordField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;input\u0026#39;).below(emailAddressField));   val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;email\u0026#34;)) val passwordField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).below(emailAddressField))     toLeftOf() 元素左 返回当前指定元素位置左方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toLeftOf(submitButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name submitButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancelButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_left_of(submitButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).LeftOf(submitButton));   submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;) cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, left:submit_button})   let submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)); let cancelButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).toLeftOf(submitButton));   val submitButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34;)) val cancelButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toLeftOf(submitButton))     toRightOf() 元素右 返回当前指定元素位置右方的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); WebElement submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)) .toRightOf(cancelButton));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name cancelButton = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submitButton = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;). to_right_of(cancelButton))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement cancelButton = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)); IWebElement submitButton = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;).RightOf(cancelButton));   cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;) submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;, right:cancel_button})   let cancelButton = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#39;cancel\u0026#39;)); let submitButton = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).toRightOf(cancelButton));   val cancelButton= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;cancel\u0026#34;)) val submitButton= driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).toRightOf(cancelButton))     near() 附近 返回当前指定元素位置附近大约px5050像素的WebElement对象\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import static org.openqa.selenium.support.locators.RelativeLocator.with; WebElement emailAddressLabel= driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); WebElement emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)) .near(emailAddressLabel));   from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import with_tag_name emailAddressLabel = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) emailAddressField = driver.find_element(with_tag_name(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;). near(emailAddressLabel))   using static OpenQA.Selenium.RelativeBy; IWebElement emailAddressLabel = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); IWebElement emailAddressField = driver.FindElement(WithTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).Near(emailAddressLabel));   email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;) email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: \u0026#39;input\u0026#39;, near: email_address_label})   let emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)); let emailAddressField = await driver.findElement(withTagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;).near(emailAddressLabel));   val emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;lbl-email\u0026#34;)) val emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(\u0026#34;input\u0026#34;)).near(emailAddressLabel))     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/","title":"操控浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Ruby 默认情况下，Ruby 没有安装在 Windows 上。下载最新版本 并运行安装程序。你可以保留所有设置的默认值，除要勾选 安装位置和可选任务 屏幕上 将 Ruby 可执行程序添加到您的系统路径 复选框外。想要驱动任何浏览器，你必须安装 selenium-webdriver Ruby gem. 打开命令提示符并输入以下命令来安装它:\ngem install selenium-webdriver 如果你使用 Bundler，添加这一行到你的应用程序的 Gemfile 中:\ngem \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; 然后在命令提示符中执行以下命令：\nbundle install Internet Explorer IE 浏览器默认安装在 Windows 上，不需要再次安装。要在 Windows 上驱动 IE，您必须下载最新的 Internet Explorer 驱动程序 并将文件放入 PATH 路径中的文件夹中。要查看 PATH 路径中的目录，在命令提示符中键入 echo %PATH%。\n$ echo %PATH% C:\\Ruby200\\bin;C:\\WINDOWS\\system32;C:\\WINDOWS;C:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\Wbem C:\\Ruby200\\bin 看起来是个不错的位置。解压 IEDriverServer 文件并将 IEDriverServer.exe 移动进去。\n这将打开一个新的 IE 浏览器窗口:\nrequire \u0026#34;selenium-webdriver\u0026#34; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :internet_explorer 浏览器导航 打开网站 启动浏览器后你要做的第一件事就是打开你的网站。这可以通过一行代码实现:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 简便的方法 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); // 更长的方法 driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);   # 简便的方法 driver.get \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39; # 更长的方法 driver.navigate.to \u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;   await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://selenium.dev\u0026#39;);   // 简便的方法 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;) // 更长的方法 driver.navigate().to(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)     获取当前 URL 您可以从浏览器的地址栏读取当前的 URL，使用:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getCurrentUrl();  driver.current_url  driver.Url;   driver.current_url  await driver.getCurrentUrl();   driver.currentUrl    后退 按下浏览器的后退按钮:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().back();  driver.back()  driver.Navigate().Back();   driver.navigate.back  await driver.navigate().back();   driver.navigate().back()     前进 按下浏览器的前进键:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().forward();  driver.forward()  driver.Navigate().Forward();   driver.navigate.forward  await driver.navigate().forward();   driver.navigate().forward()    刷新 刷新当前页面:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.navigate().refresh();  driver.refresh()  driver.Navigate().Refresh();   driver.navigate.refresh  await driver.navigate().refresh();   driver.navigate().refresh()    获取标题 从浏览器中读取当前页面的标题:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getTitle();  driver.title  driver.Title;   driver.title  await driver.getTitle();   driver.title    窗口和标签页 WebDriver 没有区分窗口和标签页。如果你的站点打开了一个新标签页或窗口，Selenium 将允许您使用窗口句柄来处理它。 每个窗口都有一个唯一的标识符，该标识符在单个会话中保持持久性。你可以使用以下方法获得当前窗口的窗口句柄:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.getWindowHandle();  driver.current_window_handle  driver.CurrentWindowHandle;   driver.window_handle  await driver.getWindowHandle();   driver.windowHandle    切换窗口或标签页 单击在 \u0026lt;a href=\u0026quot;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026quot;target=\u0026rdquo;_blank\u0026quot;\u0026gt;新窗口 中打开链接， 则屏幕会聚焦在新窗口或新标签页上，但 WebDriver 不知道操作系统认为哪个窗口是活动的。 要使用新窗口，您需要切换到它。 如果只有两个选项卡或窗口被打开，并且你知道从哪个窗口开始， 则你可以遍历 WebDriver， 通过排除法可以看到两个窗口或选项卡，然后切换到你需要的窗口或选项卡。\n不过，Selenium 4 提供了一个新的 api NewWindow ， 它创建一个新选项卡 (或) 新窗口并自动切换到它。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 存储原始窗口的 ID String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert driver.getWindowHandles().size() == 1; // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for (String windowHandle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {if(!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) {driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle); break; } } // 等待新标签完成加载内容 wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;));   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # 启动驱动程序 with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # 打开网址 driver.get(\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;) # 设置等待 wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) # 存储原始窗口的 ID original_window = driver.current_window_handle # 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1 # 单击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;).click() # 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2)) # 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for window_handle in driver.window_handles: if window_handle != original_window: driver.switch_to.window(window_handle) break # 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until(EC.title_is(\u0026#34;SeleniumHQ Browser Automation\u0026#34;))   // 存储原始窗口的 ID string originalWindow = driver.CurrentWindowHandle; // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 Assert.AreEqual(driver.WindowHandles.Count, 1); // 单击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).Click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.WindowHandles.Count == 2); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 foreach(string window in driver.WindowHandles) {if(originalWindow != window) {driver.SwitchTo().Window(window); break; } } // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.Until(wd =\u0026gt; wd.Title == \u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;);   # 存储原始窗口的 ID original_window = driver.window_handle #检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1,\u0026#39;Expected one window\u0026#39;) #点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.find_element(link:\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;).click #等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until {driver.window_handles.length == 2} #循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end #等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until {driver.title ==\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;}   // 存储原始窗口的 ID const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle(); // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1); // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;new window\u0026#39;)).click(); // 等待新窗口或标签页 await driver.wait(async () =\u0026gt; (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 ); // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle =\u0026gt; {if (handle !== originalWindow) {await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } }); // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 await driver.wait(until.titleIs(\u0026#39;Selenium documentation\u0026#39;), 10000);   // 存储原始窗口的 ID val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle() // 检查一下，我们还没有打开其他的窗口 assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1) // 点击在新窗口中打开的链接 driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;new window\u0026#34;)).click() // 等待新窗口或标签页 wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2)) // 循环执行，直到找到一个新的窗口句柄 for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } } // 等待新标签页完成加载内容 wait.until(titleIs(\u0026#34;Selenium documentation\u0026#34;))     创建新窗口(或)新标签页并且切换 创建一个新窗口 (或) 标签页，屏幕焦点将聚焦在新窗口或标签在上。您不需要切换到新窗口 (或) 标签页。如果除了新窗口之外， 您打开了两个以上的窗口 (或) 标签页，您可以通过遍历 WebDriver 看到两个窗口或选项卡，并切换到非原始窗口。\n注意: 该特性适用于 Selenium 4 及其后续版本。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB); // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);   # 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;) # 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switch_to.new_window(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;)   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab) // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window)   # 注意：ruby 中的 new_window 只打开一个新标签页(或)窗口，不会自动切换 # 用户必须切换到新选项卡 (或) 新窗口 # 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.manage.new_window(:tab) # 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.manage.new_window(:window)   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;tab\u0026#39;); // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 await driver.switchTo().newWindow(\u0026#39;window\u0026#39;);   // 打开新标签页并切换到新标签页 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB) // 打开一个新窗口并切换到新窗口 driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW)     关闭窗口或标签页 当你完成了一个窗口或标签页的工作时，_并且_它不是浏览器中最后一个打开的窗口或标签页时，你应该关闭它并切换回你之前使用的窗口。 假设您遵循了前一节中的代码示例，您将把前一个窗口句柄存储在一个变量中。把这些放在一起，你会得到:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   #关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close() #切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switch_to.window(original_window)   //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.Close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.SwitchTo().Window(originalWindow);   #关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close #切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switch_to.window original_window   //关闭标签页或窗口 await driver.close(); //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);   //关闭标签页或窗口 driver.close() //切回到之前的标签页或窗口 driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)     如果在关闭一个窗口后忘记切换回另一个窗口句柄，WebDriver 将在当前关闭的页面上执行，并触发一个 No Such Window Exception 无此窗口异常。必须切换回有效的窗口句柄才能继续执行。\n在会话结束时退出浏览器 当你完成了浏览器会话，你应该调用 quit 退出，而不是 close 关闭: Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.quit();  driver.quit()  driver.Quit();   driver.quit  await driver.quit();   driver.quit()   \n 退出将会  关闭所有与 WebDriver 会话相关的窗口和选项卡 结束浏览器进程 结束后台驱动进程 通知 Selenium Grid 浏览器不再使用，以便可以由另一个会话使用它(如果您正在使用 Selenium Grid)    调用 quit() 失败将留下额外的后台进程和端口运行在机器上，这可能在以后导致一些问题。\n有的测试框架提供了一些方法和注释，您可以在测试结束时放入 teardown() 方法中。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin /** * 使用 JUnit 的例子 * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() {driver.quit(); }   # unittest teardown # https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit()   /* 使用 Visual Studio 的 UnitTesting 的例子 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx */ [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() {driver.Quit(); }   # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end   /** * 使用 Mocha 的例子 * https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after(\u0026#39;Tear down\u0026#39;, async function () {await driver.quit(); });   /** * 使用 JUnit 的例子 * https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() {driver.quit() }     如果不在测试上下文中运行 WebDriver，您可以考虑使用 try / finally，这是大多数语言都提供的， 这样一个异常处理仍然可以清理 WebDriver 会话。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.quit(); }   try: #WebDriver 代码… finally: driver.quit()   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.Quit(); }   begin #WebDriver 代码… ensure driver.quit end   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {await driver.quit(); }   try {//WebDriver 代码…} finally {driver.quit() }     Python 的 WebDriver 现在支持 Python 上下文管理器，当使用 with 关键字时，可以在执行结束时自动退出驱动程序。\nwith webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # WebDriver 代码… # 在此缩进位置后 WebDriver 会自动退出 Frames and Iframes 框架是一种现在已被弃用的方法，用于从同一域中的多个文档构建站点布局。除非你使用的是 HTML5 之前的 webapp，否则你不太可能与他们合作。内嵌框架允许插入来自完全不同领域的文档，并且仍然经常使用。\n如果您需要使用框架或 iframe, WebDriver 允许您以相同的方式使用它们。考虑 iframe 中的一个按钮。 如果我们使用浏览器开发工具检查元素，我们可能会看到以下内容:\n\u0026lt;div id=\u0026#34;modal\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;iframe id=\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;name=\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;src=\u0026#34;https://seleniumhq.github.io\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;button\u0026gt;Click here\u0026lt;/button\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/iframe\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/div\u0026gt; 如果不是 iframe，我们可能会使用如下方式点击按钮:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 这不会工作 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 这不会工作 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 这不会工作 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # 这不会工作 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 这不会工作 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 这不会工作 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     但是，如果 iframe 之外没有按钮，那么您可能会得到一个 no such element 无此元素 的错误。 这是因为 Selenium 只知道顶层文档中的元素。为了与按钮进行交互，我们需要首先切换到框架， 这与切换窗口的方式类似。WebDriver 提供了三种切换到帧的方法。\n使用 WebElement 使用 WebElement 进行切换是最灵活的选择。您可以使用首选的选择器找到框架并切换到它。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 存储网页元素 WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); // 切换到 frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 存储网页元素 iframe = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;#modal \u0026gt; iframe\u0026#34;) # 切换到选择的 iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe) # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 存储网页元素 IWebElement iframe = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)); // 切换到 frame driver.SwitchTo().Frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Store iframe web element iframe = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;#modal\u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;) # 切换到 frame driver.switch_to.frame iframe # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 存储网页元素 const iframe = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;#modal\u0026gt; iframe\u0026#39;)); // 切换到 frame await driver.switchTo().frame(iframe); // 现在可以点击按钮 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 存储网页元素 val iframe = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;#modal\u0026gt;iframe\u0026#34;)) // 切换到 frame driver.switchTo().frame(iframe) // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     使用 name 或 id 如果您的 frame 或 iframe 具有 id 或 name 属性，则可以使用该属性。如果名称或 id 在页面上不是唯一的， 那么将切换到找到的第一个。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 使用 ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click();   # 通过 id 切换框架 driver.switch_to.frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;) # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click()   // 使用 ID driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;); // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.SwitchTo().Frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;); // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).Click();   # Switch by ID driver.switch_to.frame \u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39; # 单击按钮 driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;).click   // 使用 ID await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;buttonframe\u0026#39;); // 或者使用 name 代替 await driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#39;myframe\u0026#39;); // 现在可以点击按钮 await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;button\u0026#39;)).click();   // 使用 ID driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;buttonframe\u0026#34;) // 或者使用 name 代替 driver.switchTo().frame(\u0026#34;myframe\u0026#34;) // 现在可以点击按钮 driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;button\u0026#34;)).click()     使用索引 还可以使用frame的索引， 例如可以使用JavaScript中的 window.frames 进行查询.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switchTo().frame(1);   # 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switch_to.frame(1)   // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.SwitchTo().Frame(1);   # 基于索引切换到第 2 个 iframe iframe = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(\u0026#39;iframe\u0026#39;)[1] # 切换到选择的 iframe driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)   // 切换到第 2 个框架 await driver.switchTo().frame(1);   // 切换到第 2 个框架 driver.switchTo().frame(1)     离开框架 离开 iframe 或 frameset，切换回默认内容，如下所示:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 回到顶层 driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   # 切回到默认内容 driver.switch_to.default_content()   // 回到顶层 driver.SwitchTo().DefaultContent();   # 回到顶层 driver.switch_to.default_content   // 回到顶层 await driver.switchTo().defaultContent();   // 回到顶层 driver.switchTo().defaultContent()     窗口管理 屏幕分辨率会影响 web 应用程序的呈现方式，因此 WebDriver 提供了移动和调整浏览器窗口大小的机制。\n获取窗口大小 获取浏览器窗口的大小(以像素为单位)。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 分别获取每个尺寸 int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight();   # 分别获取每个尺寸 width = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height = driver.get_window_size().get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;) # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;) height1 = size.get(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;)   // 分别获取每个尺寸 int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height; // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height;   # 分别获取每个尺寸 width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height   // 分别获取每个尺寸 const {width, height} = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const width1 = rect.width; const height1 = rect.height;   // 分别获取每个尺寸 val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height     设置窗口大小 恢复窗口并设置窗口大小。 Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));  driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)  driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);   driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768)  await driver.manage().window().setRect({width: 1024, height: 768});   driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768)   \n得到窗口的位置 获取浏览器窗口左上角的坐标。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 分别获取每个尺寸 int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY();   # 分别获取每个尺寸 x = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y = driver.get_window_position().get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;) # 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get(\u0026#39;x\u0026#39;) y1 = position.get(\u0026#39;y\u0026#39;)   // 分别获取每个尺寸 int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y; // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y;   #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y # Or store the dimensions and query them later rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y   // 分别获取每个尺寸 const {x, y} = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 const rect = await driver.manage().window().getRect(); const x1 = rect.x; const y1 = rect.y;   // 分别获取每个尺寸 val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y // 或者存储尺寸并在以后查询它们 val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y     设置窗口位置 将窗口移动到设定的位置。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));   # 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.set_window_position(0, 0)   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0);   driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0)   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 await driver.manage().window().setRect({x: 0, y: 0});   // 将窗口移动到主显示器的左上角 driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0)     最大化窗口 扩大窗口。对于大多数操作系统，窗口将填满屏幕，而不会阻挡操作系统自己的菜单和工具栏。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().maximize();  driver.maximize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();   driver.manage.window.maximize  await driver.manage().window().maximize();   driver.manage().window().maximize()    最小化窗口 最小化当前浏览上下文的窗口. 这种命令的精准行为将作用于各个特定的窗口管理器.\n最小化窗口通常将窗口隐藏在系统托盘中.\n注意: 此功能适用于Selenium 4以及更高版本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().minimize();  driver.minimize_window()  driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();   driver.manage.window.minimize  await driver.manage().window().minimize();   driver.manage().window().minimize()    全屏窗口 填充整个屏幕，类似于在大多数浏览器中按下 F11。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.manage().window().fullscreen();  driver.fullscreen_window()  driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();   driver.manage.window.full_screen  await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();   driver.manage().window().fullscreen()    屏幕截图 用于捕获当前浏览上下文的屏幕截图. WebDriver端点 屏幕截图 返回以Base64格式编码的屏幕截图.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot.png\u0026#34;, ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; # Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path driver.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) end   let {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns base64 encoded string  let encodedString = await driver.takeScreenshot(); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs\u0026lt;File\u0026gt;(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     元素屏幕截图 用于捕获当前浏览上下文的元素的屏幕截图. WebDriver端点 屏幕截图 返回以Base64格式编码的屏幕截图.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Returns and base64 encoded string into image ele.screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; // Webdriver  var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Fetch element using FindElement  var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Screenshot for the element  var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile(\u0026#34;screenshot_of_element.png\u0026#34;);   # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://example.com/\u0026#39; ele = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path ele.save_screenshot(\u0026#39;./image.jpg\u0026#39;) end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); let ele = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Captures the element screenshot let encodedString = await ele.takeScreenshot(true); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./image.png\u0026#39;, encodedString, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); await driver.quit(); }())   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File(\u0026#34;./image.png\u0026#34;)) driver.quit() }     执行脚本 在当前frame或者窗口的上下文中，执行JavaScript代码片段.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element js.executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script String text = (String) js.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly js.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;) # Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header)   //creating Chromedriver instance \tIWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting \tIJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element \tIWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnLogin\u0026#34;)); //Executing JavaScript to click on element \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].click();\u0026#34;, button); //Get return value from script \tString text = (String)js.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, button); //Executing JavaScript directly \tjs.ExecuteScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;);   # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;) # Get return value from script result = driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) # Executing JavaScript directly driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)   // Stores the header element let header = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)); // Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element let text = await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#39;, header);   // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)) // Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;return arguments[0].innerText\u0026#34;, header) // Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript(\u0026#34;alert(\u0026#39;hello world\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;)     打印页面 打印当前浏览器内的页面\n注意: 此功能需要无头模式下的Chromium浏览器\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions; driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#34;); printer = (PrintsPage) driver; PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions(); printOptions.setPageRanges(\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;); Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions); String content = pdf.getContent();   from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions print_options = PrintOptions() print_options.page_ranges = [\u0026#39;1-2\u0026#39;] driver.get(\u0026#34;printPage.html\u0026#34;) base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)   // code sample not available please raise a PR   driver.navigate_to \u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39; base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: \u0026#39;landscape\u0026#39;)   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); let fs = require(\u0026#39;fs\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts.headless()) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.selenium.dev\u0026#39;); try { let base64 = await driver.printPage({pageRanges:[\u0026#34;1-2\u0026#34;]}); await fs.writeFileSync(\u0026#39;./test.pdf\u0026#39;, base64, \u0026#39;base64\u0026#39;); } catch (e) { console.log(e) } await driver.quit();   // code sample not available please raise a PR     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_3/","title":"服务网格 3","tags":[],"description":"","content":"服务网格 3 Selenium服务网格 是一个能够让Selenium的测试把命令传送到一个远程浏览器实例的职能代理服务器。 他的目的是提供一个简便的方法来在多台终端上并行的执行测试任务。\n在Selenium服务网格, 一台服务器作为转发器(hub)将JSON格式的测试命令转发到1台或多台注册的节点。 测试任务通过跟转发器(hub)的交互来操作远端浏览器实例。 转发器(hub)维护了一个可供使用的注册服务器列表，也允许我们通过转发器(hub)来控制这些实例。\nSelenium服务网格允许我们在多台节点服务器上并行执行测试， 同时也中心化的管理多个浏览器版本，多种浏览器的配置。（以替代传统的基于个人的测试）\nSelenium服务网格并不是万能的(silver bullet)。 它能够解决一些通用的代理问题和分布式的问题，但是并不能管理你的硬件，也可能不适合你的一些特殊需求。\n请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/","title":"测试的类型","tags":[],"description":"","content":"验收测试 进行这种类型的测试以确定功能或系统是否满足客户的期望和要求. 这种测试通常涉及客户的合作或反馈, 是一种验证活动, 可以用于回答以下问题：\n 我们是否在制造 正确的 产品?\n 对于Web应用程序, 可以通过模拟用户期望的行为 直接使用Selenium来完成此测试的自动化. 可以通过记录/回放, 或通过本文档中介绍的各种支持的语言来完成此类模拟. 注意：有些人可能还会提到, 验收测试是 功能测试 的子类型.\n功能测试 进行这种类型的测试是为了确定功能或系统是否正常运行而没有问题. 它会在不同级别检查系统, 以确保涵盖所有方案并且系统能够执行预期的 工作 . 这是一个验证活动, 它回答了以下问题：\n 我们是否在 正确地 制造产品？\n 这通常包括： 测试没有错误 (404, 异常…) , 以可用的方式 (正确的重定向) 正常运行, 以可访问的方式并匹配其规格 (请参见前述的 验收测试 ) .\n对于Web应用程序, 可以通过模拟预期的结果, 直接使用Selenium来完成此测试的自动化. 可以通过记录/回放或通过本文档中说明的各种支持的语言来完成此模拟.\n性能测试 顾名思义, 进行性能测试是为了衡量应用程序的性能.\n性能测试主要有两种类型:\n负载测试 进行了负载测试, 以验证应用程序在各种特定的负载 (通常是同时连接一定数量的用户) 下的运行状况\n压力测试 进行压力测试, 以验证应用程序在压力 (或高于最大支持负载) 下的运行状况.\n通常, 性能测试是通过执行一些Selenium书写的测试来完成的, 这些测试模拟了不同的用户 使用Web应用程序的特定功能 并检索了一些有意义的指标.\n通常, 这是由其他检索指标的工具完成的.\nJMeter 就是这样一种工具.\n对于Web应用程序, 要测量的详细信息包括 吞吐量、 延迟、数据丢失、单个组件加载时间\u0026hellip;\n注意1：所有浏览器的开发人员工具 均具有“性能”标签 (可通过按F12进行访问)\n注2：这属于 非功能测试 的类型, 因为它通常是按系统而不是按功能/特征进行测量.\n回归测试 此测试通常在修改, 修复或添加功能之后进行.\n为了确保所做的更改没有破坏任何现有功能, 将再次执行一些已经执行过的测试.\n重新执行的测试集可以是全部或部分, 并且可以包括几种不同的类型, 具体取决于具体的应用程序和开发团队.\n测试驱动开发 (TDD) TDD本身不是一种测试类型, 而是一种迭代开发方法, 用于测试驱动功能的设计.\n每个周期都从创建功能应通过的一组单元测试开始 (这将使首次执行失败) .\n此后, 进行开发以使测试通过. 在另一个周期开始再次执行测试, 此过程一直持续到所有测试通过为止.\n如此做的目的是基于以下情况, 既缺陷发现的时间越早成本越低, 从而加快了应用程序的开发.\n行为驱动开发 (BDD) BDD还是基于上述 (TDD) 的迭代开发方法, 其目的是让各方参与到应用程序的开发中.\n每个周期都从创建一些规范开始 (应该失败) . 然后创建会失败的单元测试 (也应该失败) , 之后着手开发.\n重复此循环, 直到所有类型的测试通过.\n为此, 使用了规范语言. 因为简单、标准和明确, 各方都应该能够理解. 大多数工具都使用 Gherkin 作为这种语言.\n目标是为了解决潜在的验收问题, 从而能够检测出比TDD还要多的错误, 并使各方之间的沟通更加顺畅.\n当前有一组工具可用于编写规范 并将其与编码功能 (例如 Cucumber 或 SpecFlow ) 匹配.\n在Selenium之上构建了一系列工具, 可通过将BDD规范直接转换为可执行代码, 使得上述过程更为迅速. 例如 JBehave, Capybara 和 Robot Framework.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/generating_application_state/","title":"生成应用程序状态","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium不应用于准备测试用例. 测试用例中所有重复性动作和准备工作, 都应通过其他方法来完成.\n例如, 大多数Web UI都具有身份验证 (诸如一个登录表单) . 在每次测试之前通过Web浏览器进行登录的消除, 将提高测试的速度和稳定性. 应该创建一种方法来获取对 AUT* 的访问权限 (例如, 使用API登录并设置Cookie) . 此外, 不应使用Selenium创建预加载数据来进行测试的方法.\n如前所述, 应利用现有的API为 AUT* 创建数据. ***AUT**: 待测系统\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/configuring_components/","title":"配置组件","tags":[],"description":"","content":"配置组件 如前几节所述, 每个网格组件都扮演着特定的角色. 因此, 可以单独配置每个网格组件. 本节介绍通用配置值和特定于组件的配置值.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/","title":"Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录","tags":[],"description":"","content":"由于多种原因, 不建议使用WebDriver登录Gmail和Facebook等网站. 除了违反这些网站的使用条款之外 (您可能会面临帐户被关闭的风险) , 还有其运行速度缓慢且不可靠的因素.\n理想的做法是使用电子邮件供应商提供的API, 或者对于Facebook, 使用开发者工具的服务, 该服务是被用于创建测试帐户、朋友等内容的API. 尽管使用API可能看起来有些额外的工作量, 但是您将获得基于速度、可靠性和稳定性的回报. API不会频繁更改, 但是网页和HTML定位符经常变化, 并且需要您更新测试框架的代码.\n在任何时候测试使用WebDriver登录第三方站点, 都会增加测试失败的风险, 因为这会使您的测试时间更长. 通常的经验是, 执行时间较长的测试会更加脆弱和不可靠.\n符合W3C conformant 的WebDriver实现, 也会使用 WebDriver 的属性对 navigator 对象进行注释, 用于缓解拒绝服务的攻击.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/graphql_support/","title":"GraphQL查询支持","tags":[],"description":"","content":"GraphQL 是一种用于API的查询语言, 也是用于使用现有数据完成这些查询的运行时. 其仅仅是使用户能够准确地获取所需.\n枚举 枚举是表示字段的可能值的集合.\n例如, Node对象具有一个称为status的字段. 状态是一个枚举 (特别是Status类型) , 因为它可能是UP , DRAINING 或 UNAVAILABLE.\n标量 标量是基本类型的值: Int, Float, String, Boolean, 或 ID.\n在调用GraphQL API时, 必须指定嵌套子字段, 直到只返回标量.\n模式的结构 网格模式的结构如下:\n{ session(id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) : { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } grid: { uri, totalSlots, nodeCount, maxSession, sessionCount, version, sessionQueueSize } sessionsInfo: { sessionQueueRequests, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ] } nodesInfo: { nodes : [ { id, uri, status, maxSession, slotCount, sessions: [ { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis slot : { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } ], sessionCount, stereotypes, version, osInfo: { arch, name, version } } ] } } 查询 GraphQL 查询GraphQL的最佳方法是使用curl请求. GraphQL允许您仅获取所需的数据, 仅此而已.\n下面给出了一些GraphQL查询的示例. 您可以根据需要构建自己的查询.\n查询网格中 maxSession 和 sessionCount 的数量: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession, sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 通常在本地机器上 \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 会是 http://localhost:4444/graphql\n查询全部会话、及节点以及网格的详情 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { uri, maxSession, sessionCount }, nodesInfo { nodes { id, uri, status, sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } }, slotCount, sessionCount }} }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取当前网格的会话总数 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionCount } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中的最大会话数量 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { maxSession } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中所有节点的全部会话详情 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeId, sessionDurationMillis } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取网格中每个节点中所有会话的插槽信息 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessions { id, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询以获取给定会话的会话信息查询以获取给定会话的会话信息 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ session (id: \u0026#34;\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) { id, capabilities, startTime, uri, nodeId, nodeUri, sessionDurationMillis, slot { id, stereotype, lastStarted } } } \u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询网格中每个节点的功能 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { stereotypes } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询网格中每个节点的状态 : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { status } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; 查询每个节点和网格的 URI : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;{ nodesInfo { nodes { uri } } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the current requests in the New Session Queue: curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ sessionsInfo { sessionQueueRequests } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; Query for getting the New Session Queue size : curl -X POST -H \u0026#34;Content-Type: application/json\u0026#34; --data \u0026#39;{\u0026#34;query\u0026#34;:\u0026#34;{ grid { sessionQueueSize } }\u0026#34;}\u0026#39; -s \u0026lt;LINK_TO_GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT\u0026gt; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/","title":"Legacy Selenium IDE","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Introduction The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. It’s an easy-to-use Firefox plug-in and is generally the most efficient way to develop test cases. It also contains a context menu that allows you to first select a UI element from the browser’s currently displayed page and then select from a list of Selenium commands with parameters pre-defined according to the context of the selected UI element. This is not only a time-saver, but also an excellent way of learning Selenium script syntax.\nThis chapter is all about the Selenium IDE and how to use it effectively.\nInstalling the IDE Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the SeleniumHQ downloads page\nFirefox will protect you from installing addons from unfamiliar locations, so you will need to click ‘Allow’ to proceed with the installation, as shown in the following screenshot.\nWhen downloading from Firefox, you’ll be presented with the following window.\nSelect Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download is complete, displays the following.\nRestart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.\nOpening the IDE To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or creating new test cases.\nIDE Features Menu Bar The File menu has options for Test Case and Test Suite (suite of Test Cases). Using these you can add a new Test Case, open a Test Case, save a Test Case, export Test Case in a language of your choice. You can also open the recent Test Case. All these options are also available for Test Suite.\nThe Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo, and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. The Help menu is the standard Firefox Help menu; only one item on this menu–UI-Element Documentation–pertains to Selenium-IDE.\nToolbar The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for debugging your test cases. The right-most button, the one with the red-dot, is the record button.\nSpeed Control: controls how fast your test case runs.\nRun All: Runs the entire test suite when a test suite with multiple test cases is loaded.\nRun: Runs the currently selected test. When only a single test is loaded this button and the Run All button have the same effect.\nPause/Resume: Allows stopping and re-starting of a running test case.\nStep: Allows you to “step” through a test case by running it one command at a time. Use for debugging test cases.\nTestRunner Mode: Allows you to run the test case in a browser loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner. The TestRunner is not commonly used now and is likely to be deprecated. This button is for evaluating test cases for backwards compatibility with the TestRunner. Most users will probably not need this button.\nApply Rollup Rules: This advanced feature allows repetitive sequences of Selenium commands to be grouped into a single action. Detailed documentation on rollup rules can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu.\nTest Case Pane Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs, one for displaying the command and their parameters in a readable “table” format.\nThe other tab - Source displays the test case in the native format in which the file will be stored. By default, this is HTML although it can be changed to a programming language such as Java or C#, or a scripting language like Python. See the Options menu for details. The Source view also allows one to edit the test case in its raw form, including copy, cut and paste operations.\nThe Command, Target, and Value entry fields display the currently selected command along with its parameters. These are entry fields where you can modify the currently selected command. The first parameter specified for a command in the Reference tab of the bottom pane always goes in the Target field. If a second parameter is specified by the Reference tab, it always goes in the Value field.\nIf you start typing in the Command field, a drop-down list will be populated based on the first characters you type; you can then select your desired command from the drop-down.\nLog/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane The bottom pane is used for four different functions–Log, Reference, UI-Element, and Rollup–depending on which tab is selected.\nLog When you run your test case, error messages and information messages showing the progress are displayed in this pane automatically, even if you do not first select the Log tab. These messages are often useful for test case debugging. Notice the Clear button for clearing the Log. Also notice the Info button is a drop-down allowing selection of different levels of information to log.\nReference The Reference tab is the default selection whenever you are entering or modifying Selenese commands and parameters in Table mode. In Table mode, the Reference pane will display documentation on the current command. When entering or modifying commands, whether from Table or Source mode, it is critically important to ensure that the parameters specified in the Target and Value fields match those specified in the parameter list in the Reference pane. The number of parameters provided must match the number specified, the order of parameters provided must match the order specified, and the type of parameters provided must match the type specified. If there is a mismatch in any of these three areas, the command will not run correctly.\nWhile the Reference tab is invaluable as a quick reference, it is still often necessary to consult the Selenium Reference document.\nUI-Element and Rollup Detailed information on these two panes (which cover advanced features) can be found in the UI-Element Documentation on the Help menu of Selenium-IDE.\nBuilding Test Cases There are three primary methods for developing test cases. Frequently, a test developer will require all three techniques.\nRecording Many first-time users begin by recording a test case from their interactions with a website. When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. If you do not want Selenium-IDE to begin recording automatically you can turn this off by going under Options \u0026gt; Options… and deselecting “Start recording immediately on open.”\nDuring recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. Typically, this will include:\n clicking a link - click or clickAndWait commands entering values - type command selecting options from a drop-down listbox - select command clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click command  Here are some “gotchas” to be aware of:\n The type command may require clicking on some other area of the web page for it to record. Following a link usually records a click command. You will often need to change this to clickAndWait to ensure your test case pauses until the new page is completely loaded. Otherwise, your test case will continue running commands before the page has loaded all its UI elements. This will cause unexpected test case failures.  Adding Verifications and Asserts With the Context Menu Your test cases will also need to check the properties of a web-page. This requires assert and verify commands. We won’t describe the specifics of these commands here; that is in the chapter on Selenium Commands – “Selenese”. Here we’ll simply describe how to add them to your test case.\nWith Selenium-IDE recording, go to the browser displaying your test application and right click anywhere on the page. You will see a context menu showing verify and/or assert commands.\nThe first time you use Selenium, there may only be one Selenium command listed. As you use the IDE however, you will find additional commands will quickly be added to this menu. Selenium-IDE will attempt to predict what command, along with the parameters, you will need for a selected UI element on the current web-page.\nLet’s see how this works. Open a web-page of your choosing and select a block of text on the page. A paragraph or a heading will work fine. Now, right-click the selected text. The context menu should give you a verifyTextPresent command and the suggested parameter should be the text itself.\nAlso, notice the Show All Available Commands menu option. This shows many, many more commands, again, along with suggested parameters, for testing your currently selected UI element.\nTry a few more UI elements. Try right-clicking an image, or a user control like a button or a checkbox. You may need to use Show All Available Commands to see options other than verifyTextPresent. Once you select these other options, the more commonly used ones will show up on the primary context menu. For example, selecting verifyElementPresent for an image should later cause that command to be available on the primary context menu the next time you select an image and right-click.\nAgain, these commands will be explained in detail in the chapter on Selenium commands. For now though, feel free to use the IDE to record and select commands into a test case and then run it. You can learn a lot about the Selenium commands simply by experimenting with the IDE.\nEditing Insert Command Table View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click on the line where you want to insert a new command. Right-click and select Insert Command; the IDE will add a blank line just ahead of the line you selected. Now use the command editing text fields to enter your new command and its parameters.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the command. To do this, in the Test Case Pane, left-click between the commands where you want to insert a new command, and enter the HTML tags needed to create a 3-column row containing the Command, first parameter (if one is required by the Command), and second parameter (again, if one is required to locate an element) and third parameter(again, if one is required to have a value). Example:\n\u0026lt;tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Command\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;target (locator)\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Value\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; Insert Comment Comments may be added to make your test case more readable. These comments are ignored when the test case is run.\nComments may also be used to add vertical white space (one or more blank lines) in your tests; just create empty comments. An empty command will cause an error during execution; an empty comment won’t.\nTable View Select the line in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Right-click and select Insert Comment. Now use the Command field to enter the comment. Your comment will appear in purple text.\nSource View Select the point in your test case where you want to insert the comment. Add an HTML-style comment, i.e., \u0026lt;!-- your comment here --\u0026gt;.\nEdit a Command or Comment Table View Simply select the line to be changed and edit it using the Command, Target, and Value fields.\nSource View Since Source view provides the equivalent of a WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) editor, simply modify which line you wish–command, parameter, or comment.\nOpening and Saving a Test Case Like most programs, there are Save and Open commands under the File menu. However, Selenium distinguishes between test cases and test suites. To save your Selenium-IDE tests for later use you can either save the individual test cases, or save the test suite. If the test cases of your test suite have not been saved, you’ll be prompted to save them before saving the test suite.\nWhen you open an existing test case or suite, Selenium-IDE displays its Selenium commands in the Test Case Pane.\nRunning Test Cases The IDE allows many options for running your test case. You can run a test case all at once, stop and start it, run it one line at a time, run a single command you are currently developing, and you can do a batch run of an entire test suite. Execution of test cases is very flexible in the IDE.\nRun a Test Case\nClick the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.\nRun a Test Suite\nClick the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite.\nStop and Start\nThe Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume.\nStop in the Middle\nYou can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.\nStart from the Middle\nYou can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point.\nRun Any Single Command\nDouble-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.\nUsing Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains The Base URL field at the top of the Selenium-IDE window is very useful for allowing test cases to be run across different domains. Suppose that a site named http://news.portal.com had an in-house beta site named http://beta.news.portal.com. Any test cases for these sites that begin with an open statement should specify a relative URL as the argument to open rather than an absolute URL (one starting with a protocol such as http: or https:). Selenium-IDE will then create an absolute URL by appending the open command’s argument onto the end of the value of Base URL. For example, the test case below would be run against http://news.portal.com/about.html:\nThis same test case with a modified Base URL setting would be run against http://beta.news.portal.com/about.html:\nSelenium Commands – “Selenese” Selenium commands, often called selenese, are the set of commands that run your tests. A sequence of these commands is a test script. Here we explain those commands in detail, and we present the many choices you have in testing your web application when using Selenium.\nSelenium provides a rich set of commands for fully testing your web-app in virtually any way you can imagine. The command set is often called selenese. These commands essentially create a testing language.\nIn selenese, one can test the existence of UI elements based on their HTML tags, test for specific content, test for broken links, input fields, selection list options, submitting forms, and table data among other things. In addition Selenium commands support testing of window size, mouse position, alerts, Ajax functionality, pop up windows, event handling, and many other web-application features. The Command Reference lists all the available commands.\nA command tells Selenium what to do. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessors, and Assertions.\n  Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. They do things like “click this link” and “select that option”. If an Action fails, or has an error, the execution of the current test is stopped.\nMany Actions can be called with the “AndWait” suffix, e.g. “clickAndWait”. This suffix tells Selenium that the action will cause the browser to make a call to the server, and that Selenium should wait for a new page to load.\n  Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. “storeTitle”. They are also used to automatically generate Assertions.\n  Assertions are like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked”.\n  All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: “assert”, “verify”, and ” waitFor”. For example, you can “assertText”, “verifyText” and “waitForText”. When an “assert” fails, the test is aborted. When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure. This allows a single “assert” to ensure that the application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of “verify” assertions to test form field values, labels, etc.\n“waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).\nScript Syntax Selenium commands are simple, they consist of the command and two parameters. For example:\n          verifyText //div//a[2] Login    The parameters are not always required; it depends on the command. In some cases both are required, in others one parameter is required, and in still others the command may take no parameters at all. Here are a couple more examples:\n          goBackAndWait     verifyTextPresent  Welcome to My Home Page   type id=phone (555) 666-7066   type id=address1 ${myVariableAddress}    The command reference describes the parameter requirements for each command.\nParameters vary, however they are typically:\n a locator for identifying a UI element within a page. a text pattern for verifying or asserting expected page content a text pattern or a Selenium variable for entering text in an input field or for selecting an option from an option list.  Locators, text patterns, Selenium variables, and the commands themselves are described in considerable detail in the section on Selenium Commands.\nSelenium scripts that will be run from Selenium-IDE will be stored in an HTML text file format. This consists of an HTML table with three columns. The first column identifies the Selenium command, the second is a target, and the final column contains a value. The second and third columns may not require values depending on the chosen Selenium command, but they should be present. Each table row represents a new Selenium command. Here is an example of a test that opens a page, asserts the page title and then verifies some content on the page:\n\u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;open\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;/download/\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;assertTitle\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;verifyText\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;//h2\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Downloads\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; Rendered as a table in a browser this would look like the following:\n          open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads    The Selenese HTML syntax can be used to write and run tests without requiring knowledge of a programming language. With a basic knowledge of selenese and Selenium-IDE you can quickly produce and run testcases.\nTest Suites A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job.\nWhen using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test. An example tells it all.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;b\u0026gt;Suite Of Tests\u0026lt;/b\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./Login.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Login\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SearchValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Searching for Values\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./SaveValues.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Test Save\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE.\nTest suites can also be maintained when using Selenium-RC. This is done via programming and can be done a number of ways. Commonly Junit is used to maintain a test suite if one is using Selenium-RC with Java. Additionally, if C# is the chosen language, Nunit could be employed. If using an interpreted language like Python with Selenium-RC then some simple programming would be involved in setting up a test suite. Since the whole reason for using Selenium-RC is to make use of programming logic for your testing this usually isn’t a problem.\nCommonly Used Selenium Commands To conclude our introduction of Selenium, we’ll show you a few typical Selenium commands. These are probably the most commonly used commands for building tests.\nopen\nopens a page using a URL.\nclick/clickAndWait\nperforms a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load.\nverifyTitle/assertTitle\nverifies an expected page title.\nverifyTextPresent\nverifies expected text is somewhere on the page.\nverifyElementPresent\nverifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nverifyText\nverifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.\nverifyTable\nverifies a table’s expected contents.\nwaitForPageToLoad\npauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used.\nwaitForElementPresent\npauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.\nVerifying Page Elements Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. It is important that you understand these different methods because these methods define what you are actually testing.\nFor example, will you test that…\n an element is present somewhere on the page? specific text is somewhere on the page? specific text is at a specific location on the page?  For example, if you are testing a text heading, the text and its position at the top of the page are probably relevant for your test. If, however, you are testing for the existence of an image on the home page, and the web designers frequently change the specific image file along with its position on the page, then you only want to test that an image (as opposed to the specific image file) exists somewhere on the page.\nAssertion or Verification? Choosing between “assert” and “verify” comes down to convenience and management of failures. There’s very little point checking that the first paragraph on the page is the correct one if your test has already failed when checking that the browser is displaying the expected page. If you’re not on the correct page, you’ll probably want to abort your test case so that you can investigate the cause and fix the issue(s) promptly. On the other hand, you may want to check many attributes of a page without aborting the test case on the first failure as this will allow you to review all failures on the page and take the appropriate action. Effectively an “assert” will fail the test and abort the current test case, whereas a “verify” will fail the test and continue to run the test case.\nThe best use of this feature is to logically group your test commands, and start each group with an “assert” followed by one or more “verify” test commands. An example follows:\n   Command Target Value     open /download/    assertTitle  Downloads   verifyText //h2 Downloads   assertTable 1.2.1 Selenium IDE   verifyTable 1.2.2 June 3, 2008   verifyTable 1.2.3 1.0 beta 2    The above example first opens a page and then “asserts” that the correct page is loaded by comparing the title with the expected value. Only if this passes will the following command run and “verify” that the text is present in the expected location. The test case then “asserts” the first column in the second row of the first table contains the expected value, and only if this passed will the remaining cells in that row be “verified”.\nverifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page. It takes a single argument–the text pattern to be verified. For example:\n   Command Target Value     verifyTextPresent Marketing Analysis     This would cause Selenium to search for, and verify, that the text string “Marketing Analysis” appears somewhere on the page currently being tested. Use verifyTextPresent when you are interested in only the text itself being present on the page. Do not use this when you also need to test where the text occurs on the page.\nverifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather than its content. This verification does not check the text, only the HTML tag. One common use is to check for the presence of an image.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p/img     This command verifies that an image, specified by the existence of an  HTML tag, is present on the page, and that it follows a  tag and a  tag. The first (and only) parameter is a locator for telling the Selenese command how to find the element. Locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions , etc. Here are a few more examples.\n   Command Target Value     verifyElementPresent //div/p    verifyElementPresent //div/a    verifyElementPresent id=Login    verifyElementPresent link=Go to Marketing Research    verifyElementPresent //a[2]    verifyElementPresent //head/title     These examples illustrate the variety of ways a UI element may be tested. Again, locators are explained in the next section.\nverifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //table/tr/td/div/p This is my text and it occurs right after the div inside the table.    Locating Elements For many Selenium commands, a target is required. This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location. The locator type can be omitted in many cases. The various locator types are explained below with examples for each.\nLocating by Identifier This is probably the most common method of locating elements and is the catch-all default when no recognized locator type is used. With this strategy, the first element with the id attribute value matching the location will be used. If no element has a matching id attribute, then the first element with a name attribute matching the location will be used.\nFor instance, your page source could have id and name attributes as follows:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number:\n identifier=loginForm (3) identifier=password (5) identifier=continue (6) continue (6)  Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.\nLocating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element\u0026rsquo;s id attribute.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  id=loginForm (3)  Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute).\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  name=username (4) name=continue value=Clear (7) name=continue Clear (7) name=continue type=button (7)  Note: Unlike some types of XPath and DOM locators, the three types of locators above allow Selenium to test a UI element independent of its location on the page. So if the page structure and organization is altered, the test will still pass. You may or may not want to also test whether the page structure changes. In the case where web designers frequently alter the page, but its functionality must be regression tested, testing via id and name attributes, or really via any HTML property, becomes very important.\nLocating by XPath XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.\nOne of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don\u0026rsquo;t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.\nAbsolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.\nSince only xpath locators start with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026quot;, it is not necessary to include the xpath= label when specifying an XPath locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  xpath=/html/body/form[1] (3) - Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly) //form[1] (3) - First form element in the HTML xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] (3) - The form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] (3) - First form element with an input child element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='username'] (4) - First input element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;username\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] (4) - First input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo; //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] (7) - Input with attribute named \u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;continue\u0026rsquo; and attribute named \u0026lsquo;type\u0026rsquo; and the value \u0026lsquo;button\u0026rsquo; //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] (7) - Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named \u0026lsquo;id\u0026rsquo; and value \u0026lsquo;loginForm\u0026rsquo;  These examples cover some basics, but in order to learn more, the following references are recommended:\n W3Schools XPath Tutorial W3C XPath Recommendation  There are also a couple of very useful Firefox Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:\n XPath Checker XPath and can be used to test XPath results. [Firebug](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1843 - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.  Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;p\u0026gt;Are you sure you want to do this?\u0026lt;/p\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;continue.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Continue\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;cancel.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;Cancel\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  link=Continue (4) link=Cancel (5)  Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element\u0026rsquo;s location using the hierarchical dotted notation.\nSince only dom locators start with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo;, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') (3) dom=document.forms['loginForm'] (3) dom=document.forms[0] (3) document.forms[0].username (4) document.forms[0].elements['username'] (4) document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)  You can use Selenium itself as well as other sites and extensions to explore the DOM of your web application. A good reference exists on W3Schools.\nLocating by CSS CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of HTML and XML documents. CSS uses Selectors for binding style properties to elements in the document. These Selectors can be used by Selenium as another locating strategy.\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;form id=\u0026#34;loginForm\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;username\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;text\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input class=\u0026#34;required passfield\u0026#34; name=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;password\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;submit\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Login\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input name=\u0026#34;continue\u0026#34; type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Clear\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/form\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt;  css=form#loginForm (3) css=input[name=\u0026quot;username\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.required[type=\u0026quot;text\u0026quot;] (4) css=input.passfield (5) css=#loginForm input[type=\u0026quot;button\u0026quot;] (7) css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) (5)  For more information about CSS Selectors, the best place to go is the W3C publication. You\u0026rsquo;ll find additional references there.\nImplicit Locators You can choose to omit the locator type in the following situations:\n  Locators without an explicitly defined locator strategy will default to using the identifier locator strategy. See Locating by Identifier_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;//\u0026rdquo; will use the XPath locator strategy. See Locating by XPath_.\n  Locators starting with \u0026ldquo;document\u0026rdquo; will use the DOM locator strategy. See Locating by DOM_\n  Matching Text Patterns Like locators, patterns are a type of parameter frequently required by Selenese commands. Examples of commands which require patterns are verifyTextPresent, verifyTitle, verifyAlert, assertConfirmation, verifyText, and verifyPrompt. And as has been mentioned above, link locators can utilize a pattern. Patterns allow you to describe, via the use of special characters, what text is expected rather than having to specify that text exactly.\nThere are three types of patterns: globbing, regular expressions, and exact.\nGlobbing Patterns Most people are familiar with globbing as it is utilized in filename expansion at a DOS or Unix/Linux command line such as ls *.c. In this case, globbing is used to display all the files ending with a .c extension that exist in the current directory. Globbing is fairly limited.\nOnly two special characters are supported in the Selenium implementation:\n* which translates to \u0026ldquo;match anything,\u0026rdquo; i.e., nothing, a single character, or many characters.\n[ ] (character class) which translates to \u0026ldquo;match any single character found inside the square brackets.\u0026rdquo; A dash (hyphen) can be used as a shorthand to specify a range of characters (which are contiguous in the ASCII character set). A few examples will make the functionality of a character class clear:\n[aeiou] matches any lowercase vowel\n[0-9] matches any digit\n[a-zA-Z0-9] matches any alphanumeric character\nIn most other contexts, globbing includes a third special character, the ?. However, Selenium globbing patterns only support the asterisk and character class.\nTo specify a globbing pattern parameter for a Selenese command, you can prefix the pattern with a glob: label. However, because globbing patterns are the default, you can also omit the label and specify just the pattern itself.\nBelow is an example of two commands that use globbing patterns. The actual link text on the page being tested was \u0026ldquo;Film/Television Department\u0026rdquo;; by using a pattern rather than the exact text, the click command will work even if the link text is changed to \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;Film and Television Department\u0026rdquo;. The glob pattern\u0026rsquo;s asterisk will match \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; between the word \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and the word \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo;.\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle glob:*Film*Television*     The actual title of the page reached by clicking on the link was \u0026ldquo;De Anza Film And Television Department - Menu\u0026rdquo;. By using a pattern rather than the exact text, the verifyTitle will pass as long as the two words \u0026ldquo;Film\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Television\u0026rdquo; appear (in that order) anywhere in the page\u0026rsquo;s title. For example, if the page\u0026rsquo;s owner should shorten the title to just \u0026ldquo;Film \u0026amp; Television Department,\u0026rdquo; the test would still pass. Using a pattern for both a link and a simple test that the link worked (such as the verifyTitle above does) can greatly reduce the maintenance for such test cases.\nRegular Expression Patterns Regular expression patterns are the most powerful of the three types of patterns that Selenese supports. Regular expressions are also supported by most high-level programming languages, many text editors, and a host of tools, including the Linux/Unix command-line utilities grep, sed, and awk. In Selenese, regular expression patterns allow a user to perform many tasks that would be very difficult otherwise. For example, suppose your test needed to ensure that a particular table cell contained nothing but a number. regexp: [0-9]+ is a simple pattern that will match a decimal number of any length.\nWhereas Selenese globbing patterns support only the * and [ ] (character class) features, Selenese regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters:\n   PATTERN MATCH     . any single character   [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets   * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)   + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)   ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)   {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)   | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right   ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier    Regular expression patterns in Selenese need to be prefixed with either regexp: or regexpi:. The former is case-sensitive; the latter is case-insensitive.\nA few examples will help clarify how regular expression patterns can be used with Selenese commands. The first one uses what is probably the most commonly used regular expression pattern\u0026ndash;.* (\u0026ldquo;dot star\u0026rdquo;). This two-character sequence can be translated as \u0026ldquo;0 or more occurrences of any character\u0026rdquo; or more simply, \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing.\u0026rdquo; It is the equivalent of the one-character globbing pattern * (a single asterisk).\n   Command Target Value     click link=glob:Film*Television Department    verifyTitle regexp:.*Film.*Television.*     The example above is functionally equivalent to the earlier example that used globbing patterns for this same test. The only differences are the prefix (regexp: instead of glob:) and the \u0026ldquo;anything or nothing\u0026rdquo; pattern (.* instead of just *).\nThe more complex example below tests that the Yahoo! Weather page for Anchorage, Alaska contains info on the sunrise time:\n   Command Target Value     open http://weather.yahoo.com/forecast/USAK0012.html    verifyTextPresent regexp:Sunrise: *[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2} [ap]m     Let\u0026rsquo;s examine the regular expression above one part at a time:\n         Sunrise: * The string Sunrise: followed by 0 or more spaces   [0-9]{1,2} 1 or 2 digits (for the hour of the day)   : The character : (no special characters involved)   [0-9]{2} 2 digits (for the minutes) followed by a space   [ap]m \u0026ldquo;a\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;p\u0026rdquo; followed by \u0026ldquo;m\u0026rdquo; (am or pm)    Exact Patterns The exact type of Selenium pattern is of marginal usefulness. It uses no special characters at all. So, if you needed to look for an actual asterisk character (which is special for both globbing and regular expression patterns), the exact pattern would be one way to do that. For example, if you wanted to select an item labeled \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; from a dropdown, the following code might work or it might not. The asterisk in the glob:Real * pattern will match anything or nothing. So, if there was an earlier select option labeled \u0026ldquo;Real Numbers,\u0026rdquo; it would be the option selected rather than the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; option.\n   Command Target Value     select //select glob:Real *    In order to ensure that the \u0026ldquo;Real *\u0026rdquo; item would be selected, the exact: prefix could be used to create an exact pattern as shown below:\n   Command Target Value     select //select exact:Real *    But the same effect could be achieved via escaping the asterisk in a regular expression pattern:\n   Command Target Value     select //select regexp:Real \\*    It\u0026rsquo;s rather unlikely that most testers will ever need to look for an asterisk or a set of square brackets with characters inside them (the character class for globbing patterns). Thus, globbing patterns and regular expression patterns are sufficient for the vast majority of us.\nThe \u0026ldquo;AndWait\u0026rdquo; Commands The difference between a command and its AndWait alternative is that the regular command (e.g. click) will do the action and continue with the following command as fast as it can, while the AndWait alternative (e.g. clickAndWait) tells Selenium to wait for the page to load after the action has been done.\nThe AndWait alternative is always used when the action causes the browser to navigate to another page or reload the present one.\nBe aware, if you use an AndWait command for an action that does not trigger a navigation/refresh, your test will fail. This happens because Selenium will reach the AndWait\u0026lsquo;s timeout without seeing any navigation or refresh being made, causing Selenium to raise a timeout exception.\nThe waitFor Commands in AJAX applications In AJAX driven web applications, data is retrieved from server without refreshing the page. Using andWait commands will not work as the page is not actually refreshed. Pausing the test execution for a certain period of time is also not a good approach as web element might appear later or earlier than the stipulated period depending on the system\u0026rsquo;s responsiveness, load or other uncontrolled factors of the moment, leading to test failures. The best approach would be to wait for the needed element in a dynamic period and then continue the execution as soon as the element is found.\nThis is done using waitFor commands, as waitForElementPresent or waitForVisible, which wait dynamically, checking for the desired condition every second and continuing to the next command in the script as soon as the condition is met.\nSequence of Evaluation and Flow Control When a script runs, it simply runs in sequence, one command after another.\nSelenese, by itself, does not support condition statements (if-else, etc.) or iteration (for, while, etc.). Many useful tests can be conducted without flow control. However, for a functional test of dynamic content, possibly involving multiple pages, programming logic is often needed.\nWhen flow control is needed, there are three options:\na) Run the script using Selenium-RC and a client library such as Java or PHP to utilize the programming language\u0026rsquo;s flow control features. b) Run a small JavaScript snippet from within the script using the storeEval command. c) Install the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nMost testers will export the test script into a programming language file that uses the Selenium-RC API (see the Selenium-IDE chapter). However, some organizations prefer to run their scripts from Selenium-IDE whenever possible (for instance, when they have many junior-level people running tests for them, or when programming skills are lacking). If this is your case, consider a JavaScript snippet or the goto_sel_ide.js extension.\nStore Commands and Selenium Variables You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script. Also, when combined with a data-driven test design (discussed in a later section), Selenium variables can be used to store values passed to your test program from the command-line, from another program, or from a file.\nThe plain store command is the most basic of the many store commands and can be used to simply store a constant value in a Selenium variable. It takes two parameters, the text value to be stored and a Selenium variable. Use the standard variable naming conventions of only alphanumeric characters when choosing a name for your variable.\n   Command Target Value     store paul@mysite.org     Later in your script, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to use the stored value of your variable. To access the value of a variable, enclose the variable in curly brackets ({}) and precede it with a dollar sign like this.\n   Command Target Value     verifyText //div/p \\${userName}    A common use of variables is for storing input for an input field.\n   Command Target Value     type id=login \\${userName}    Selenium variables can be used in either the first or second parameter and are interpreted by Selenium prior to any other operations performed by the command. A Selenium variable may also be used within a locator expression.\nAn equivalent store command exists for each verify and assert command. Here are a couple more commonly used store commands.\nstoreElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value\u0026ndash;\u0026ldquo;true\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;false\u0026rdquo;\u0026ndash;depending on whether the UI element is found.\nstoreText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locator to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.\nstoreEval This command takes a script as its first parameter. Embedding JavaScript within Selenese is covered in the next section. StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.\nJavaScript and Selenese Parameters JavaScript can be used with two types of Selenese parameters: script and non-script (usually expressions). In most cases, you\u0026rsquo;ll want to access and/or manipulate a test case variable inside the JavaScript snippet used as a Selenese parameter. All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case\u0026rsquo;s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[\u0026lsquo;yourVariableName\u0026rsquo;].\nJavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).\nThe example below illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can be used to perform a simple numerical calculation:\n   Command Target Value     store 10 hits   storeXpathCount //blockquote blockquotes   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;hits\u0026rsquo;].storedVars[\u0026lsquo;blockquotes\u0026rsquo;] paragraphs    This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object\u0026rsquo;s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.\n   Command Target Value     store Edith Wharton name   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() uc   storeEval storedVars[\u0026lsquo;name\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase() lc    JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script.\nHowever, in this case, special syntax is required\u0026ndash;the entire parameter value must be prefixed by javascript{ with a trailing }, which encloses the JavaScript snippet, as in javascript{*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command\u0026rsquo;s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:\n   Command Target Value     store league of nations searchString   type q javascript{storedVars[\u0026lsquo;searchString\u0026rsquo;].toUpperCase()}    echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test\u0026rsquo;s output. This is useful for providing informational progress notes in your test which display on the console as your test is running. These notes also can be used to provide context within your test result reports, which can be useful for finding where a defect exists on a page in the event your test finds a problem. Finally, echo statements can be used to print the contents of Selenium variables.\n   Command Target Value     echo Testing page footer now.    echo Username is \\${userName}     Alerts, Popups, and Multiple Windows Suppose that you are testing a page that looks like this.\n\u0026lt;!DOCTYPE HTML\u0026gt; \u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script type=\u0026#34;text/javascript\u0026#34;\u0026gt; function output(resultText){ document.getElementById(\u0026#39;output\u0026#39;).childNodes[0].nodeValue=resultText; } function show_confirm(){ var confirmation=confirm(\u0026#34;Chose an option.\u0026#34;); if (confirmation==true){ output(\u0026#34;Confirmed.\u0026#34;); } else{ output(\u0026#34;Rejected!\u0026#34;); } } function show_alert(){ alert(\u0026#34;I\u0026#39;m blocking!\u0026#34;); output(\u0026#34;Alert is gone.\u0026#34;); } function show_prompt(){ var response = prompt(\u0026#34;What\u0026#39;s the best web QA tool?\u0026#34;,\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); output(response); } function open_window(windowName){ window.open(\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34;,windowName); } \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnConfirm\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_confirm()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show confirm box\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnAlert\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_alert()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show alert\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnPrompt\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;show_prompt()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Show prompt\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;newWindow.html\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;lnkNewWindow\u0026#34; target=\u0026#34;_blank\u0026#34;\u0026gt;New Window Link\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamelessWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window()\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Nameless Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;input type=\u0026#34;button\u0026#34; id=\u0026#34;btnNewNamedWindow\u0026#34; onclick=\u0026#34;open_window(\u0026#39;Mike\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; value=\u0026#34;Open Named Window\u0026#34; /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;br /\u0026gt; \u0026lt;span id=\u0026#34;output\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/span\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; The user must respond to alert/confirm boxes, as well as moving focus to newly opened popup windows. Fortunately, Selenium can cover JavaScript pop-ups.\nBut before we begin covering alerts/confirms/prompts in individual detail, it is helpful to understand the commonality between them. Alerts, confirmation boxes and prompts all have variations of the following\n   Command Description     assertFoo(pattern) throws error if pattern doesn’t match the text of the pop-up   assertFooPresent throws error if pop-up is not available   assertFooNotPresent throws error if any pop-up is present   storeFoo(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable   storeFooPresent(variable) stores the text of the pop-up in a variable and returns true or false    When running under Selenium, JavaScript pop-ups will not appear. This is because the function calls are actually being overridden at runtime by Selenium\u0026rsquo;s own JavaScript. However, just because you cannot see the pop-up doesn\u0026rsquo;t mean you don\u0026rsquo;t have to deal with it. To handle a pop-up, you must call its assertFoo(pattern) function. If you fail to assert the presence of a pop-up your next command will be blocked and you will get an error similar to the following [error] Error: There was an unexpected Confirmation! [Chose an option.]\nAlerts Let\u0026rsquo;s start with alerts because they are the simplest pop-up to handle. To begin, open the HTML sample above in a browser and click on the \u0026ldquo;Show alert\u0026rdquo; button. You\u0026rsquo;ll notice that after you close the alert the text \u0026ldquo;Alert is gone.\u0026rdquo; is displayed on the page. Now run through the same steps with Selenium IDE recording, and verify the text is added after you close the alert. Your test will look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnAlert    assertAlert I’m blocking!    verifyTextPresent Alert is gone.     You may be thinking \u0026ldquo;That\u0026rsquo;s odd, I never tried to assert that alert.\u0026rdquo; But this is Selenium-IDE handling and closing the alert for you. If you remove that step and replay the test you will get the following error [error] Error: There was an unexpected Alert! [I'm blocking!]. You must include an assertion of the alert to acknowledge its presence.\nIf you just want to assert that an alert is present but either don\u0026rsquo;t know or don\u0026rsquo;t care what text it contains, you can use assertAlertPresent. This will return true or false, with false halting the test.\nConfirmations Confirmations behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertConfirmation and assertConfirmationPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. However, by default Selenium will select OK when a confirmation pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show confirm box\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page, but click on the \u0026ldquo;Cancel\u0026rdquo; button in the popup, then assert the output text. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    click btnConfirm    chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation     assertConfirmation Choose an option.    verifyTextPresent Rejected     The chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation function tells Selenium that all following confirmation should return false. It can be reset by calling chooseOkOnNextConfirmation.\nYou may notice that you cannot replay this test, because Selenium complains that there is an unhandled confirmation. This is because the order of events Selenium-IDE records causes the click and chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation to be put in the wrong order (it makes sense if you think about it, Selenium can\u0026rsquo;t know that you\u0026rsquo;re cancelling before you open a confirmation) Simply switch these two commands and your test will run fine.\nPrompts Prompts behave in much the same way as alerts, with assertPrompt and assertPromptPresent offering the same characteristics as their alert counterparts. By default, Selenium will wait for you to input data when the prompt pops up. Try recording clicking on the \u0026ldquo;Show prompt\u0026rdquo; button in the sample page and enter \u0026ldquo;Selenium\u0026rdquo; into the prompt. Your test may look something like this:\n   Command Target Value     open /    answerOnNextPrompt Selenium!    click id=btnPrompt    assertPrompt What’s the best web QA tool?    verifyTextPresent Selenium!     If you choose cancel on the prompt, you may notice that answerOnNextPrompt will simply show a target of blank. Selenium treats cancel and a blank entry on the prompt basically as the same thing.\nDebugging Debugging means finding and fixing errors in your test case. This is a normal part of test case development.\nWe won\u0026rsquo;t teach debugging here as most new users to Selenium will already have some basic experience with debugging. If this is new to you, we recommend you ask one of the developers in your organization.\nBreakpoints and Startpoints The Sel-IDE supports the setting of breakpoints and the ability to start and stop the running of a test case, from any point within the test case. That is, one can run up to a specific command in the middle of the test case and inspect how the test case behaves at that point. To do this, set a breakpoint on the command just before the one to be examined.\nTo set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Then click the Run button to run your test case from the beginning up to the breakpoint.\nIt is also sometimes useful to run a test case from somewhere in the middle to the end of the test case or up to a breakpoint that follows the starting point.\nFor example, suppose your test case first logs into the website and then performs a series of tests and you are trying to debug one of those tests.\nHowever, you only need to login once, but you need to keep rerunning your tests as you are developing them. You can login once, then run your test case from a startpoint placed after the login portion of your test case. That will prevent you from having to manually logout each time you rerun your test case.\nTo set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Then click the Run button to execute the test case beginning at that startpoint.\nStepping Through a Testcase To execute a test case one command at a time (\u0026ldquo;step through\u0026rdquo; it), follow these steps:\n  Start the test case running with the Run button from the toolbar.\n  Immediately pause the executing test case with the Pause button.\n  Repeatedly select the Step button.\n  Find Button The Find button is used to see which UI element on the currently displayed webpage (in the browser) is used in the currently selected Selenium command.\nThis is useful when building a locator for a command\u0026rsquo;s first parameter (see the section on :ref:locators \u0026lt;locators-section\u0026gt; in the Selenium Commands chapter). It can be used with any command that identifies a UI element on a webpage, i.e. click, clickAndWait, type, and certain assert and verify commands, among others.\nFrom Table view, select any command that has a locator parameter. Click the Find button.\nNow look on the webpage: There should be a bright green rectangle enclosing the element specified by the locator parameter.\nPage Source for Debugging Often, when debugging a test case, you simply must look at the page source (the HTML for the webpage you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test) to determine a problem. Firefox makes this easy. Simply right-click the webpage and select \u0026lsquo;View-\u0026gt;Page Source.\nThe HTML opens in a separate window. Use its Search feature (Edit=\u0026gt;Find) to search for a keyword to find the HTML for the UI element you\u0026rsquo;re trying to test.\nAlternatively, select just that portion of the webpage for which you want to see the source. Then right-click the webpage and select View Selection Source. In this case, the separate HTML window will contain just a small amount of source, with highlighting on the portion representing your selection.\nLocator Assistance Whenever Selenium-IDE records a locator-type argument, it stores additional information which allows the user to view other possible locator-type arguments that could be used instead. This feature can be very useful for learning more about locators, and is often needed to help one build a different type of locator than the type that was recorded.\nThis locator assistance is presented on the Selenium-IDE window as a drop-down list accessible at the right end of the Target field (only when the Target field contains a recorded locator-type argument).\nBelow is a snapshot showing the contents of this drop-down for one command. Note that the first column of the drop-down provides alternative locators, whereas the second column indicates the type of each alternative.\nWriting a Test Suite A test suite is a collection of test cases which is displayed in the leftmost pane in the IDE.\nThe test suite pane can be manually opened or closed via selecting a small dot halfway down the right edge of the pane (which is the left edge of the entire Selenium-IDE window if the pane is closed).\nThe test suite pane will be automatically opened when an existing test suite is opened or when the user selects the New Test Case item from the File menu. In the latter case, the new test case will appear immediately below the previous test case.\nSelenium-IDE also supports loading pre-existing test cases by using the File -\u0026gt; Add Test Case menu option. This allows you to add existing test cases to a new test suite.\nA test suite file is an HTML file containing a one-column table. Each cell of each row in the  section contains a link to a test case. The example below is of a test suite containing four test cases:\n\u0026lt;html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta http-equiv=\u0026#34;Content-Type\u0026#34; content=\u0026#34;text/html; charset=UTF-8\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Sample Selenium Test Suite\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/head\u0026gt; \u0026lt;body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;table cellpadding=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; cellspacing=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34; border=\u0026#34;1\u0026#34;\u0026gt; \u0026lt;thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;Test Cases for De Anza A-Z Directory Links\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/thead\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./a.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;A Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./b.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;B Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./c.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;C Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;tr\u0026gt;\u0026lt;td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;a href=\u0026#34;./d.html\u0026#34;\u0026gt;D Links\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/td\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/tr\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/tbody\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/table\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/body\u0026gt; \u0026lt;/html\u0026gt; Note: Test case files should not have to be co-located with the test suite file that invokes them. And on Mac OS and Linux systems, that is indeed the case. However, at the time of this writing, a bug prevents Windows users from being able to place the test cases elsewhere than with the test suite that invokes them.\nUser Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create his or her own customizations and features to add additional functionality. Often this is in the form of customized commands although this extensibility is not limited to additional commands.\nThere are a number of useful extensions_ created by users.\nIMPORTANT: THIS SECTION IS OUT OF DATE\u0026ndash;WE WILL BE REVISING THIS SOON.\n _extensions: http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SEL/Contributed+User-Extensions  .. _goto_sel_ide.js extension:\nPerhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js_. For an example of how to use the functionality provided by this extension, look at the page_ created by its author.\nTo install this extension, put the pathname to its location on your computer in the Selenium Core extensions field of Selenium-IDE\u0026rsquo;s Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General tab.\nAfter selecting the OK button, you must close and reopen Selenium-IDE in order for the extensions file to be read. Any change you make to an extension will also require you to close and reopen Selenium-IDE.\nInformation on writing your own extensions can be found near the bottom of the Selenium Reference_ document.\nSometimes it can prove very useful to debug step by step Selenium IDE and your User Extension. The only debugger that appears able to debug XUL/Chrome based extensions is Venkman which is supported in Firefox until version 32 included. The step by step debug has been verified to work with Firefox 32 and Selenium IDE 2.9.0.\nFormat Format, under the Options menu, allows you to select a language for saving and displaying the test case. The default is HTML.\nIf you will be using Selenium-RC to run your test cases, this feature is used to translate your test case into a programming language. Select the language, e.g. Java, PHP, you will be using with Selenium-RC for developing your test programs. Then simply save the test case using File=\u0026gt;Export Test Case As. Your test case will be translated into a series of functions in the language you choose. Essentially, program code supporting your test is generated for you by Selenium-IDE.\nAlso, note that if the generated code does not suit your needs, you can alter it by editing a configuration file which defines the generation process.\nEach supported language has configuration settings which are editable. This is under the Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;Formats tab.\nExecuting Selenium-IDE Tests on Different Browsers While Selenium-IDE can only run tests against Firefox, tests developed with Selenium-IDE can be run against other browsers, using a simple command-line interface that invokes the Selenium-RC server. This topic is covered in the :ref:Run Selenese tests \u0026lt;html-suite\u0026gt; section on Selenium-RC chapter. The -htmlSuite command-line option is the particular feature of interest.\nTroubleshooting Below is a list of image/explanation pairs which describe frequent sources of problems with Selenium-IDE:\nTable view is not available with this format.\nThis message can be occasionally displayed in the Table tab when Selenium IDE is launched. The workaround is to close and reopen Selenium IDE. See issue 1008. for more information. If you are able to reproduce this reliably then please provide details so that we can work on a fix.\n error loading test case: no command found\nYou\u0026rsquo;ve used File=\u0026gt;Open to try to open a test suite file. Use File=\u0026gt;Open Test Suite instead.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1010.\n This type of error may indicate a timing problem, i.e., the element specified by a locator in your command wasn\u0026rsquo;t fully loaded when the command was executed. Try putting a pause 5000 before the command to determine whether the problem is indeed related to timing. If so, investigate using an appropriate waitFor* or *AndWait command before the failing command.\n Whenever your attempt to use variable substitution fails as is the case for the open command above, it indicates that you haven\u0026rsquo;t actually created the variable whose value you\u0026rsquo;re trying to access. This is sometimes due to putting the variable in the Value field when it should be in the Target field or vice versa. In the example above, the two parameters for the store command have been erroneously placed in the reverse order of what is required. For any Selenese command, the first required parameter must go in the Target field, and the second required parameter (if one exists) must go in the Value field.\n error loading test case: [Exception\u0026hellip; \u0026ldquo;Component returned failure code: 0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) [nsIFileInputStream.init]\u0026rdquo; nresult: \u0026ldquo;0x80520012 (NS_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)\u0026rdquo; location: \u0026ldquo;JS frame :: chrome://selenium-ide/content/file-utils.js :: anonymous :: line 48\u0026rdquo; data: no]\nOne of the test cases in your test suite cannot be found. Make sure that the test case is indeed located where the test suite indicates it is located. Also, make sure that your actual test case files have the .html extension both in their filenames, and in the test suite file where they are referenced.\nAn enhancement request has been raised to improve this error message. See issue 1011.\n Your extension file\u0026rsquo;s contents have not been read by Selenium-IDE. Be sure you have specified the proper pathname to the extensions file via Options=\u0026gt;Options=\u0026gt;General in the Selenium Core extensions field. Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an extensions file or to the contents of the Selenium Core extensions field.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/","title":"WebDriver 入门","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver 入门 Selenium 通过使用 WebDriver 支持市场上所有主流浏览器的自动化。 Webdriver 是一个 API 和协议，它定义了一个语言中立的接口，用于控制 web 浏览器的行为。 每个浏览器都有一个特定的 WebDriver 实现，称为驱动程序。 驱动程序是负责委派给浏览器的组件，并处理与 Selenium 和浏览器之间的通信。\n这种分离是有意识地努力让浏览器供应商为其浏览器的实现负责的一部分。 Selenium 在可能的情况下使用这些第三方驱动程序， 但是在这些驱动程序不存在的情况下，它也提供了由项目自己维护的驱动程序。\nSelenium 框架通过一个面向用户的界面将所有这些部分连接在一起， 该界面允许透明地使用不同的浏览器后端， 从而实现跨浏览器和跨平台自动化。\n有关驱动程序的更多详细信息，请参阅 驱动特性.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/","title":"关于这个文档","tags":[],"description":"","content":"这些文档，就像代码本身一样，100% 由 Selenium 社区中的志愿者维护。 许多人自成立以来一直在使用它，但更多人只是在短时间内使用它，并且已经花时间帮助改善新用户的入门体验。\n如果文档有问题，我们想知道！ 沟通问题的最佳方式是访问 https://github.com/seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io/issues 并搜索问题是否已经提交。 如果没有，请随意打开一个！\n社区的许多成员经常光顾 Libera.chat 的 #selenium Libera 频道。 请随时来访并提出问题，如果您得到了您认为在这些文档中可能有用的帮助，请务必添加您的贡献！ 我们可以更新这些文档，但当我们从普通提交者之外获得贡献时，对每个人来说都容易得多。\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/","title":"服务网格 4","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 4 Selenium Grid 4 是全新的实现, 并且不共享之前版本的代码库.\nGrid 4有一种实现可以利用许多新技术来促进扩展, 同时仍然允许本地执行.\n关于Grid 4组件的所有详细信息, 了解其工作原理以及如何设置自己的组件, 请浏览以下章节.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/mock_external_services/","title":"模拟外部服务","tags":[],"description":"","content":"消除对外部服务的依赖性将大大提高测试的速度和稳定性.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/","title":"等待","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver通常可以说有一个阻塞API。因为它是一个指示浏览器做什么的进程外库，而且web平台本质上是异步的，所以WebDriver不跟踪DOM的实时活动状态。这伴随着一些我们将在这里讨论的挑战。\n根据经验，大多数由于使用Selenium和WebDriver而产生的间歇性问题都与浏览器和用户指令之间的 竞争条件 有关。例如，用户指示浏览器导航到一个页面，然后在试图查找元素时得到一个 no such element 的错误。\n考虑下面的文档：\n\u0026lt;!doctype html\u0026gt; \u0026lt;meta charset=utf-8\u0026gt; \u0026lt;title\u0026gt;Race Condition Example\u0026lt;/title\u0026gt; \u0026lt;script\u0026gt; var initialised = false; window.addEventListener(\u0026#34;load\u0026#34;, function() { var newElement = document.createElement(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;); newElement.textContent = \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;; document.body.appendChild(newElement); initialised = true; }); \u0026lt;/script\u0026gt; 这个 WebDriver的说明可能看起来很简单:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;); IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); assertEquals(element.Text, \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; # Get and store Paragraph Text search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert(element.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     这里的问题是WebDriver中使用的默认页面加载策略页面加载策略听从document.readyState在返回调用 navigate 之前将状态改为\u0026quot;complete\u0026quot; 。因为p元素是在文档完成加载之后添加的，所以这个WebDriver脚本可能是间歇性的。它“可能”间歇性是因为无法做出保证说异步触发这些元素或事件不需要显式等待或阻塞这些事件。\n幸运的是，WebElement接口上可用的正常指令集——例如 WebElement.click 和 WebElement.sendKeys—是保证同步的，因为直到命令在浏览器中被完成之前函数调用是不会返回的(或者回调是不会在回调形式的语言中触发的)。高级用户交互APIs,键盘和鼠标是例外的，因为它们被明确地设计为“按我说的做”的异步命令。\n等待是在继续下一步之前会执行一个自动化任务来消耗一定的时间。\n为了克服浏览器和WebDriver脚本之间的竞争问题，大多数Selenium客户都附带了一个 wait 包。在使用等待时，您使用的是通常所说的显式等待。\n显式等待 显示等待 是Selenium客户可以使用的命令式过程语言。它们允许您的代码暂停程序执行，或冻结线程，直到满足通过的 条件 。这个条件会以一定的频率一直被调用，直到等待超时。这意味着只要条件返回一个假值，它就会一直尝试和等待\n由于显式等待允许您等待条件的发生，所以它们非常适合在浏览器及其DOM和WebDriver脚本之间同步状态。\n为了弥补我们之前的错误指令集，我们可以使用等待来让 findElement 调用等待直到脚本中动态添加的元素被添加到DOM中:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds WebElement firstResult = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); // Print the first result System.out.println(firstResult.getText());   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait def document_initialised(driver): return driver.execute_script(\u0026#34;return initialised\u0026#34;) driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) WebDriverWait(driver).until(document_initialised) el = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;p\u0026#34;) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;; driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); IWebElement firstResult = wait.Until(e =\u0026gt; e.FindElement(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.Text);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) def document_initialised(driver) driver.execute_script(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;) end begin driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait.until{document_initialised driver} search_form = driver.find_element(:css,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;).text \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;.eql? search_form ensure driver.quit end   const documentInitialised = () =\u0026gt; driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;return initialised\u0026#39;); await driver.get(\u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39;); await driver.wait(() =\u0026gt; documentInitialised(), 10000); const element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); assert.strictEqual(await element.getText(), \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#39;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) // Initialize and wait till element(link) became clickable - timeout in 10 seconds val firstResult = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;))) // Print the first result println(firstResult.text)     我们将 条件 作为函数引用传递， 等待 将会重复运行直到其返回值为true。“truthful”返回值是在当前语言中计算为boolean true的任何值，例如字符串、数字、boolean、对象(包括 WebElement )或填充(非空)的序列或列表。这意味着 空列表 的计算结果为false。当条件为true且阻塞等待终止时，条件的返回值将成为等待的返回值。\n有了这些知识，并且因为等待实用程序默认情况下会忽略 no such element 的错误，所以我们可以重构我们的指令使其更简洁:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebElement foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .until(driver -\u0026gt; driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); assertEquals(foo.getText(), \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;);   from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait driver.navigate(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) el = WebDriverWait(driver).until(lambda d: d.find_element_by_tag_name(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) assert el.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { var foo = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)) .Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;))); Debug.Assert(foo.Text.Equals(\u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)); }   driver.get \u0026#39;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) ele = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)} foo = ele.text assert_match foo, \u0026#39;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#39;   let ele = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)),10000); let foo = await ele.getText(); assert(foo == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript\u0026#34;);   driver.get(\u0026#34;file:///race_condition.html\u0026#34;) val ele = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;))) assert(ele.text == \u0026#34;Hello from JavaScript!\u0026#34;)     在这个示例中，我们传递了一个匿名函数(但是我们也可以像前面那样显式地定义它，以便重用它)。传递给我们条件的第一个，也是唯一的一个参数始终是对驱动程序对象 WebDriver 的引用。在多线程环境中，您应该小心操作传入条件的驱动程序引用，而不是外部范围中对驱动程序的引用。\n因为等待将会吞没在没有找到元素时引发的 no such element 的错误，这个条件会一直重试直到找到元素为止。然后它将获取一个 WebElement 的返回值，并将其传递回我们的脚本。\n如果条件失败，例如从未得到条件为真实的返回值，等待将会抛出/引发一个叫 timeout error 的错误/异常。\n选项 等待条件可以根据您的需要进行定制。有时候是没有必要等待缺省超时的全部范围，因为没有达到成功条件的代价可能很高。\n等待允许你传入一个参数来覆盖超时:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3).until(some_condition)   new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3)).Until(ExpectedConditions.ElementToBeClickable(By.XPath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)));   wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(:timeout =\u0026gt; 10) wait.until { driver.find_element(:id, \u0026#39;message\u0026#39;).displayed? }   await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000);   WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3)).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(\u0026#34;//a/h3\u0026#34;)))     预期的条件 由于必须同步DOM和指令是相当常见的情况，所以大多数客户端还附带一组预定义的 预期条件 。顾名思义，它们是为频繁等待操作预定义的条件。\n不同的语言绑定提供的条件各不相同，但这只是其中一些:\n alert is present element exists element is visible title contains title is element staleness visible text  您可以参考每个客户端绑定的API文档，以找到期望条件的详尽列表:\n Java\u0026rsquo;s org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions class Python\u0026rsquo;s selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions class .NET\u0026rsquo;s OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI.ExpectedConditions type JavaScript\u0026rsquo;s selenium-webdriver/lib/until module  隐式等待 还有第二种区别于显示等待 类型的 隐式等待 。通过隐式等待，WebDriver在试图查找_任何_元素时在一定时间内轮询DOM。当网页上的某些元素不是立即可用并且需要一些时间来加载时是很有用的。\n默认情况下隐式等待元素出现是禁用的，它需要在单个会话的基础上手动启用。将显式等待和隐式等待混合在一起会导致意想不到的结果，就是说即使元素可用或条件为真也要等待睡眠的最长时间。\n警告: 不要混合使用隐式和显式等待。这样做会导致不可预测的等待时间。例如，将隐式等待设置为10秒，将显式等待设置为15秒，可能会导致在20秒后发生超时。\n隐式等待是告诉WebDriver如果在查找一个或多个不是立即可用的元素时轮询DOM一段时间。默认设置为0，表示禁用。一旦设置好，隐式等待就被设置为会话的生命周期。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;); WebElement myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;));   driver = Firefox() driver.implicitly_wait(10) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) my_dynamic_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;; IWebElement dynamicElement = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;dynamicElement\u0026#34;));   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox driver.manage.timeouts.implicit_wait = 10 begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(:id,\u0026#39;dynamic_element\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   (async function(){ // Apply timeout for 10 seconds await driver.manage().setTimeouts( { implicit: 10000 } ); // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); let webElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;)); }());   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) val myDynamicElement = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;myDynamicElement\u0026#34;))     流畅等待 流畅等待实例定义了等待条件的最大时间量，以及检查条件的频率。\n用户可以配置等待来忽略等待时出现的特定类型的异常，例如在页面上搜索元素时出现的NoSuchElementException。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking // for its presence once every 5 seconds. Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function\u0026lt;WebDriver, WebElement\u0026gt;() { public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) { return driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)); } });   driver = Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#34;) wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1, ignored_exceptions=[ElementNotVisibleException, ElementNotSelectableException]) element = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, \u0026#34;//div\u0026#34;)))   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout: TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)) { PollingInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), }; wait.IgnoreExceptionTypes(typeof(NoSuchElementException)); var foo = wait.Until(drv =\u0026gt; drv.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox exception = Selenium::WebDriver::Error::NoSuchElementError begin driver.get \u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39; wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 30, interval: 5, message: \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 sec\u0026#39;, ignore: exception) foo = wait.until { driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)} ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading\u0026#39;); // Waiting 30 seconds for an element to be present on the page, checking  // for its presence once every 5 seconds.  let foo = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;)), 30000, \u0026#39;Timed out after 30 seconds\u0026#39;, 5000); })();   val wait = FluentWait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt;(driver) .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(3)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException::class.java) val foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;)) }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/","title":"高级功能","tags":[],"description":"","content":"要获得高级功能的所有详细信息, 了解其工作原理, 以及如何设置自己的功能, 请浏览以下部分.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/","title":"鼠标动作详细信息","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Mouse表示鼠标事件. 鼠标操作是通过使用底层接口执行的, 其允许我们向Web浏览器提供虚拟化的设备输入操作.\nclickAndHold 它将移动到该元素，然后在给定元素的中间单击(不释放).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class clickAndHold { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ClickAndHold { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.ClickAndHold(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform click-and-hold action on the element driver.action.click_and_hold(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function clickAndHold() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform mouseMove to element and mouseDown (press) action on the element  await actions.move({origin:searchBtn}).press().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform click-and-hold action on the element  actionProvider.clickAndHold(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     contextClick 此方法首先将鼠标移动到元素的位置, 然后在给定元素执行上下文点击(右键单击).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class contextClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform context-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).context_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class ContextClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.ContextClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform context-click action on the element driver.action.context_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function contextClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform context-click action on the element  await actions.contextClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform context-click action on the element  actionProvider.contextClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     doubleClick 它将移动到该元素, 并在给定元素的中间双击.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class doubleClick { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  WebElement searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element searchBtn = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;) # Perform double-click action on the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).double_click(searchBtn).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DoubleClick { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement searchBtn = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.DoubleClick(searchBtn).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Sign In\u0026#39; button web element sign_in = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Sign in\u0026#39;) # Perform double-click action on the element driver.action.double_click(sign_in).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function doubleClick() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  let searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Perform double-click action on the element  await actions.doubleClick(searchBtn).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  val searchBtn = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Sign in\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Perform double-click action on the element  actionProvider.doubleClick(searchBtn).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveToElement 此方法将鼠标移到元素的中间. 执行此操作时, 该元素也会滚动到视图中.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveToElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(gmailLink).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveToElement { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.MoveToElement(gmailLink).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Performs mouse move action onto the element driver.action.move_to(gmail_link).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveToElement() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({origin:gmailLink}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveToElement(gmailLink).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     moveByOffset: 此方法将鼠标从其当前位置(或0,0)移动给定的偏移量. 如果坐标在视图窗口之外, 则鼠标最终将在浏览器窗口之外.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class moveByOffset { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  WebElement gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getX(); int yOffset = gmailLink.getRect().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element gmailLink = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;) #Set x and y offset positions of element xOffset = 100 yOffset = 100 # Performs mouse move action onto the element webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset,yOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class MoveByOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;google search\u0026#39; button web element  IWebElement gmailLink = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Set x and y offset positions of element  int xOffset = 100; int yOffset = 100; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs mouse move action onto the offset position  actionProvider.MoveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element gmail_link = driver.find_element(link_text: \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = gmail_link.rect.x y_offset = gmail_link.rect.y # Performs mouse move action onto the offset position driver.action.move_to_location(x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function moveByOffset() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  let gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)); // Capture offset positions of element  let offset = await gmailLink.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs mouse move action onto the element  await actions.move({x:parseInt(x),y:parseInt(y)}).pause(3000).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;Gmail\u0026#39; anchor web element  val gmailLink = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;Gmail\u0026#34;)) // Capture x and y offset positions of element  val xOffset = gmailLink.rect.getX() val yOffset = gmailLink.rect.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs mouse move action onto the element  actionProvider.moveByOffset(xOffset, yOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDrop 此方法首先在源元素上单击并按住，然后移动到目标元素的位置后释放鼠标.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDrop { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(sourceEle,targetEle).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDrop { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle driver.action.drag_and_drop(source_ele, target_ele).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDrop() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, targetEle).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     dragAndDropBy 此方法首先在源元素上单击并按住, 移至给定的偏移量后释放鼠标.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class dragAndDropBy { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getX(); int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.getLocation().getY(); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;x\u0026#34;) targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(\u0026#34;y\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class DragAndDropToOffset { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); int targetEleXOffset = targetEle.Location.X; int targetEleYOffset = targetEle.Location.Y; Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); // Performs drag and drop action of sourceEle onto the targetEle  actionProvider.DragAndDropToOffset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) # Capture x and y offset positions of element x_offset = target_ele.rect.x y_offset = target_ele.rect.y # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position driver.action.drag_and_drop_by(source_ele, x_offset, y_offset).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function dragAndDropBy() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); let offset = await targetEle.getRect(); let x = await offset.x; let y = await offset.y; const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  await actions.dragAndDrop(sourceEle, {x:parseInt(x), y:parseInt(y)}).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.getX() val targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.getY() val actionProvider = Actions(driver) // Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position  actionProvider.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     release 此操作将释放按下的鼠标左键. 如果WebElement转移了, 它将释放给定WebElement上按下的鼠标左键.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class release { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  WebElement targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, \u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;) # Performs dragAndDropBy onto the target element offset position webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourceEle).move_to_element(targetEle).perform() #Performs release event webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace SeleniumApp { public class Release { public static void Main(string[] agrs) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement sourceEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  IWebElement targetEle = driver.FindElement(By.Id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); actionProvider.ClickAndHold(sourceEle).MoveToElement(targetEle).Build().Perform(); // Performs release event  actionProvider.Release().Build().Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39; source_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;draggable\u0026#39;) target_ele = driver.find_element(id: \u0026#39;droppable\u0026#39;) driver.action.click_and_hold(source_ele).move_to(target_ele).perform # Performs release event driver.action.release.perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function release() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  let sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)); // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  let targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)); const actions = driver.actions({async: true}); await actions.move({origin:sourceEle}).press().perform(); // Performs release event on target element  await actions.move({origin:targetEle}).release().perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;box A\u0026#39; as source element  val sourceEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;draggable\u0026#34;)) // Store \u0026#39;box B\u0026#39; as source element  val targetEle = driver.findElement(By.id(\u0026#34;droppable\u0026#34;)) val actionProvider = Actions(driver) actionProvider.clickAndHold(sourceEle).moveToElement(targetEle).build().perform() // Performs release event  actionProvider.release().build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/","title":"WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver WebDriver 以本地化方式驱动浏览器，就像用户在本地或使用 Selenium 服务器的远程机器上所做的那样，这标志着浏览器自动化的飞跃。\nSelenium WebDriver 指的是语言绑定和各个浏览器控制代码的实现。 这通常被称为 WebDriver。\nSelenium WebDriver 是 W3C 推荐标准\n  WebDriver 被设计成一个简单和简洁的编程接口。\n  WebDriver 是一个简洁的面向对象 API。\n  它能有效地驱动浏览器。\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/","title":"支持的类","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver提供了一些用于简化代码维护的类. 其提供了一种不错的抽象, 使得将HTML元素建模为域对象的操作, 变得更加容易, 还提供了一些更有帮助的方法, 使用此类对象时更容易操作. 我们将学到以下方法:\n Locator Strategies Events LoadableComponent ThreadGuard etc.  我们开始吧:\nThreadGuard 此类仅在Java中可用\n ThreadGuard检查是否仅从创建驱动程序的同一线程中调用了驱动程序. 线程问题 (尤其是在Parallel中运行测试时) 可能遇到神秘并且难以诊断错误. 使用此包装器可以防止此类错误,\n并且在发生此类情况时会抛出异常.\n以下的示例模拟一种线程冲突的情况:\npublic class DriverClash { //thread main (id 1) created this driver  private WebDriver protectedDriver = ThreadGuard.protect(new ChromeDriver()); static { System.setProperty(\u0026#34;webdriver.chrome.driver\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;\u0026lt;Set path to your Chromedriver\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); } //Thread-1 (id 24) is calling the same driver causing the clash to happen  Runnable r1 = () -\u0026gt; {protectedDriver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;);}; Thread thr1 = new Thread(r1); void runThreads(){ thr1.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { new DriverClash().runThreads(); } } 结果如下所示:\nException in thread \u0026#34;Thread-1\u0026#34; org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Thread safety error; this instance of WebDriver was constructed on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24) This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour 正如示例所示:\n protectedDriver 将在主线程中创建 我们使用Java的 Runnable 启动一个新进程, 并使用一个新的 Thread 运行该进程 这两个 Thread 都会发生冲突, 因为主线程的内存中没有 protectedDriver ThreadGuard.protect 会抛出异常  注意: 这不能代替并发运行时使用 ThreadLocal 管理驱动程序的需求.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/improved_reporting/","title":"改善报告","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium并非旨在报告测试用例的运行状态. 利用单元测试框架的内置报告功能是一个好的开始. 大多数单元测试框架都有可以生成xUnit或HTML格式的报告. xUnit报表很受欢迎, 可以将其结果导入到持续集成（CI）服务器, 例如Jenkins、Travis、Bamboo等. 以下是一些链接, 可获取关于几种语言报表输出的更多信息.\nNUnit 3 Console Runner\nNUnit 3 Console Command Line\nxUnit getting test results in TeamCity\nxUnit getting test results in CruiseControl.NET\nxUnit getting test results in Azure DevOps\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/","title":"测试依赖","tags":[],"description":"","content":"关于自动化测试的一个常见想法和误解是关于特定的测试顺序. 您的测试应该能够以任何顺序运行，而不是依赖于完成其他测试才能成功.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/grid_endpoints/","title":"网格端点","tags":[],"description":"","content":"  Page being translated from English to Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests!\n Grid Grid Status Grid status provides the current state of the Grid. It consists of details about every registered Node. For every Node, the status includes information regarding Node availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/status\u0026#39; In the Standalone mode, the Grid URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Grid URL is the Hub server address.\nIn the fully distributed mode, the Grid URL is the Router server address.\nDefault URL for all the above modes is http://localhost:4444.\nDistributor Remove Node To remove the Node from the Grid, use the cURL command enlisted below. It does not stop any ongoing session running on that Node. The Node continues running as it is unless explicitly killed. The Distributor is no longer aware of the Node and hence any matching new session request will not be forwarded to that Node.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Drain Node Node drain command is for graceful node shutdown. Draining a Node stops the Node after all the ongoing sessions are complete. However, it does not accept any new session requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the Distributor URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the Distributor URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt; \u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the URL is the Distributor server address.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5553/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;Distributor-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/distributor/node/\u0026lt;node-id\u0026gt;/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Node The endpoints in this section are applicable for Hub-Node mode and fully distributed Grid mode where the Node runs independently. The default Node URL is http://localhost:5555 in case of one Node. In case of multiple Nodes, use Grid status to get all Node details and locate the Node address.\nStatus The Node status is essentially a health-check for the Node. Distributor pings the node status are regular intervals and updates the Grid Model accordingly. The status includes information regarding availability, sessions, and slots.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/status\u0026#39; Drain Distributor passes the drain command to the appropriate node identified by the node-id. To drain the Node directly, use the cuRL command enlisted below. Both endpoints are valid and produce the same result. Drain finishes the ongoing sessions before stopping the Node.\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request POST \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/drain\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Check session owner To check if a session belongs to a Node, use the cURL command enlisted below.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/owner/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; It will return true if the session belongs to the Node else it will return false.\nDelete session Deleting the session terminates the WebDriver session, quits the driver and removes it from the active sessions map. Any request using the removed session-id or reusing the driver instance will throw an error.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5555/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;node-URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/node/session/\u0026lt;session-id\u0026gt;\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; New Session Queue Clear New Session Queue New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To clear the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. Clearing the queue rejects all the requests in the queue. For each such request, the server returns an error response to the respective client. The result of the clear command is the total number of deleted requests.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET: \u0026lt;secret\u0026gt;\u0026#39; If no registration secret has been configured while setting up the Grid, then use\ncURL --request DELETE \u0026#39;http://\u0026lt;URL\u0026gt;/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; --header \u0026#39;X-REGISTRATION-SECRET;\u0026#39; Get New Session Queue Requests New Session Request Queue holds the new session requests. To get the current requests in the queue, use the cURL command enlisted below. The response returns the total number of requests in the queue and the request payloads.\nIn the Standalone mode, the queuer URL is the Standalone server address.\nIn the Hub-Node mode, the queuer URL is the Hub server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:4444/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; In the fully distributed mode, the queuer URL is New Session Queuer server address.\ncURL --request GET \u0026#39;http://localhost:5559/se/grid/newsessionqueuer/queue\u0026#39; "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/","title":"远程WebDriver服务器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"服务器将始终在安装了待测浏览器的机器上运行. 可以从命令行或通过代码配置来使用服务器.\n从命令行启动服务器 下载 selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar 后, 将其传到具有待测浏览器的电脑上. 然后, 切换到包含此jar文件的目录中, 运行以下命令:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar 运行服务器的注意事项 调用者应调用 Selenium#stop() 或 WebDriver#quit 以结束每次会话.\nSelenium服务器在内存中保留每个运行会话的日志, 这些日志将在调用 Selenium#stop() 或 WebDriver#quit 时清除. 如果您忘记终止这些会话, 则可能会造成服务器内存泄漏. 如果您保持运行时间非常长的会话, 则可能需要不时执行停止或退出的操作 (或使用-Xmx jvm选项增加内存) .\n超时 (自2.21版本) 服务器有两种不同的超时, 可以按如下设置:\njava -jar selenium-server-standalone-{VERSION}.jar -timeout=20 -browserTimeout=60  browserTimeout  控制允许浏览器挂起的时间 (以秒为单位的值) .   timeout  控制在回收会话之前允许客户端离开的时间 (以秒为单位的值) .    从2.21版本开始不再支持系统属性 selenium.server.session.timeout.\n请注意, 当常规超时机制发生故障时, browserTimeout旨在用作备份超时机制, 该机制应主要在网格和服务器的环境中使用, 以确保崩溃或丢失的进程不会驻留太长时间, 从而干扰了运行时环境.\n以编程方式配置服务器 从理论上讲, 此过程就像将 DriverServlet映射到URL一样简单, 但是也可以将页面托管在轻量级容器中, 例如完全用代码配置的Jetty. 步骤如下.\n 下载并解压 selenium-server.zip. 将这些Jar设置在CLASSPATH中. 创建一个名为 AppServer的新类. 在这里, 我使用Jetty, 因此您也需要download:  import org.mortbay.jetty.Connector; import org.mortbay.jetty.Server; import org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.security.SslSocketConnector; import org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext; import javax.servlet.Servlet; import java.io.File; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverServlet; public class AppServer { private Server server = new Server(); public AppServer() throws Exception { WebAppContext context = new WebAppContext(); context.setContextPath(\u0026#34;\u0026#34;); context.setWar(new File(\u0026#34;.\u0026#34;)); server.addHandler(context); context.addServlet(DriverServlet.class, \u0026#34;/wd/*\u0026#34;); SelectChannelConnector connector = new SelectChannelConnector(); connector.setPort(3001); server.addConnector(connector); server.start(); } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/","title":"JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebDriver提供了一个API, 用于处理JavaScript提供的三种类型的原生弹窗消息. 这些弹窗由浏览器提供限定的样式.\nAlerts 警告框 其中最基本的称为警告框, 它显示一条自定义消息, 以及一个用于关闭该警告的按钮, 在大多数浏览器中标记为\u0026quot;确定\u0026rdquo;(OK). 在大多数浏览器中, 也可以通过按\u0026quot;关闭\u0026rdquo;(close)按钮将其关闭, 但这始终与“确定”按钮具有相同的作用. 查看样例警告框.\nWebDriver可以从弹窗获取文本并接受或关闭这些警告.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable String text = alert.getText(); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable alert = wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert text in a variable string text = alert.Text; //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on OK button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See an example alert\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See an example alert\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert text in a variable val text = alert.getText() //Press the OK button alert.accept()     Confirm 确认框 确认框类似于警告框, 不同之处在于用户还可以选择取消消息. 查看样例确认框.\n此示例还呈现了警告的另一种实现:\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse String text = alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable text = alert.text # Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Store the alert in a variable IAlert alert = driver.SwitchTo().Alert(); //Store the alert in a variable for reuse string text = alert.Text; //Press the Cancel button alert.Dismiss();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Store the alert text in a variable alert_text = alert.text # Press on Cancel button alert.dismiss   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample confirm\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Store the alert text in a variable let alertText = await alert.getText(); //Press the Cancel button await alert.dismiss(); // Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample confirm\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Store the alert in a variable val alert = driver.switchTo().alert() //Store the alert in a variable for reuse val text = alert.text //Press the Cancel button alert.dismiss()     Prompt 提示框 提示框与确认框相似, 不同之处在于它们还包括文本输入. 与处理表单元素类似, 您可以使用WebDriver的sendKeys来填写响应. 这将完全替换占位符文本. 按下取消按钮将不会提交任何文本. 查看样例提示框.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;).click() # Wait for the alert to be displayed wait.until(expected_conditions.alert_is_present()) # Store the alert in a variable for reuse alert = Alert(driver) # Type your message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) # Press the OK button alert.accept()   //Click the link to activate the alert driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).Click(); //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable IAlert alert = wait.Until(ExpectedConditions.AlertIsPresent()); //Type your message alert.SendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button alert.Accept();   # Click the link to activate the alert driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;).click # Store the alert reference in a variable alert = driver.switch_to.alert # Type a message alert.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Press on Ok button alert.accept   //Click the link to activate the alert await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#39;See a sample prompt\u0026#39;)).click(); // Wait for the alert to be displayed await driver.wait(until.alertIsPresent()); // Store the alert in a variable let alert = await driver.switchTo().alert(); //Type your message await alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;); //Press the OK button await alert.accept(); //Note: To use await, the above code should be inside an async function    //Click the link to activate the alert driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;See a sample prompt\u0026#34;)).click() //Wait for the alert to be displayed and store it in a variable val alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent()) //Type your message alert.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium\u0026#34;) //Press the OK button alert.accept()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/","title":"同cookies一起工作","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Cookie是从网站发送并存储在您的计算机中的一小段数据. Cookies主要用于识别用户并加载存储的信息.\nWebDriver API提供了一种使用内置的方法与Cookie进行交互:\n添加 Cookie 这个方法常常用于将cookie添加到当前访问的上下文中. 添加Cookie仅接受一组已定义的可序列化JSON对象. 这里  是一个链接, 用于描述可接受的JSON键值的列表\n首先, 您需要位于有效Cookie的域上. 如果您在开始与网站进行交互之前尝试预设cookie, 并且您的首页很大或需要一段时间才能加载完毕, 则可以选择在网站上找到一个较小的页面 (通常404页很小, 例如 http://example.com/some404page)\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class addCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;})   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace AddCookie { class AddCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;}); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Adds the cookie into current browser context  driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     获取命名的 Cookie 此方法返回与cookie名称匹配的序列化cookie数据中所有关联的cookie.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class getCookieNamed { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  Cookie cookie1 = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.out.println(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;}) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; print(driver.get_cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;))   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetCookieNamed { class GetCookieNamed { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  var cookie = driver.Manage().Cookies.GetCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;) # Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39; puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;bar\u0026#39;}); // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;).then(function (cookie) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookie); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;)) // Get cookie details with named cookie \u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;  val cookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed(\u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;) println(cookie) } finally { driver.quit() } }     获取全部 Cookies 此方法会针对当前访问上下文返回“成功的序列化cookie数据”. 如果浏览器不再可用, 则返回错误.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.Set; public class getAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Add few cookies  driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  Set\u0026lt;Cookie\u0026gt; cookies = driver.manage().getCookies(); System.out.println(cookies); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Get all available cookies print(driver.get_cookies())   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace GetAllCookies { class GetAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // Get All available cookies  var cookies = driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies; } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # Get all available cookies puts driver.manage.all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // Get All available cookies  val cookies = driver.manage().cookies println(cookies) } finally { driver.quit() } }     删除 Cookie 此方法删除与提供的cookie名称匹配的cookie数据.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteCookie { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); /* Selenium Java bindings also provides a way to delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context */ driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.delete_cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteCookie { class DeleteCookie { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); var cookie = new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie); // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;\t driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;); // Selenium .net bindings also provides a way to delete  // cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteCookie(cookie); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39; driver.manage.delete_cookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().deleteCookie(\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;); // Get all Available cookies  driver.manage().getCookies().then(function (cookies) { console.log(\u0026#39;cookie details =\u0026gt; \u0026#39;, cookies); }); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) val cookie1 = Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) // delete a cookie with name \u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;  driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;) // delete cookie by passing cookie object of current browsing context.  driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1) } finally { driver.quit() } }     删除所有 Cookies 此方法删除当前访问上下文的所有cookie.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class deleteAllCookies { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;}) # Deletes all cookies driver.delete_all_cookies()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace DeleteAllCookies { class DeleteAllCookies { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(new Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)); // deletes all cookies  driver.Manage().Cookies.DeleteAllCookies(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;) # deletes all cookies driver.manage.delete_all_cookies ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Add few cookies  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test1\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie1\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;test2\u0026#39;, value:\u0026#39;cookie2\u0026#39;}); // Delete all cookies  await driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34;)) driver.manage().addCookie(Cookie(\u0026#34;test2\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34;)) // deletes all cookies  driver.manage().deleteAllCookies() } finally { driver.quit() } }     Same-Site Cookie属性 此属性允许用户引导浏览器控制cookie, 是否与第三方站点发起的请求一起发送. 引入其是为了防止CSRF（跨站请求伪造）攻击.\nSame-Site cookie属性接受以下两种参数作为指令\nStrict: 当sameSite属性设置为 Strict, cookie不会与来自第三方网站的请求一起发送.\nLax: 当您将cookie sameSite属性设置为 Lax, cookie将与第三方网站发起的GET请求一起发送.\n注意: 到目前为止, 此功能已在Chrome(80+版本), Firefox(79+版本)中提供, 并适用于Selenium 4以及更高版本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class cookieTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build(); Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build(); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie); driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1); System.out.println(cookie.getSameSite()); System.out.println(cookie1.getSameSite()); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}) driver.add_cookie({\u0026#34;name\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#39;sameSite\u0026#39;: \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}) cookie1 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) cookie2 = driver.get_cookie(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) print(cookie1) print(cookie2)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace SameSiteCookie { class SameSiteCookie { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;); var cookie1Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie1\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34; } }; var cookie1 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie1Dictionary); var cookie2Dictionary = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary\u0026lt;string, object\u0026gt;() { { \u0026#34;name\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;test2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;cookie2\u0026#34; }, { \u0026#34;sameSite\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34; } }; var cookie2 = Cookie.FromDictionary(cookie2Dictionary); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie1); driver.Manage().Cookies.AddCookie(cookie2); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie1.SameSite); System.Console.WriteLine(cookie2.SameSite); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Adds the cookie into current browser context with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39; driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;) driver.manage.add_cookie(name: \u0026#34;foo1\u0026#34;, value: \u0026#34;bar\u0026#34;, same_site: \u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo\u0026#39;) puts driver.manage.cookie_named(\u0026#39;foo1\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // set a cookie on the current domain with sameSite \u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39; (or) \u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;  await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Strict\u0026#39;}); await driver.manage().addCookie({name:\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;, value: \u0026#39;value\u0026#39;, sameSite:\u0026#39;Lax\u0026#39;}); console.log(await driver.manage().getCookie(\u0026#39;key\u0026#39;)); })();   import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.example.com\u0026#34;) val cookie = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Strict\u0026#34;).build() val cookie1 = Cookie.Builder(\u0026#34;key\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;value\u0026#34;).sameSite(\u0026#34;Lax\u0026#34;).build() driver.manage().addCookie(cookie) driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1) println(cookie.getSameSite()) println(cookie1.getSameSite()) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/","title":"性能测试","tags":[],"description":"","content":"通常不建议使用Selenium和WebDriver进行性能测试. 并非因为不能做, 只是缺乏针对此类工作的优化, 因而难以得到乐观的结果.\n对于用户而言, 在用户上下文中执行性能测试似乎是自然而然的选择, 但是WebDriver的测试会受到许多外部和内部的影响而变得脆弱, 这是您无法控制的. 例如, 浏览器的启动速度, HTTP服务器的速度, 托管JavaScript或CSS的第三方服务器的响应 以及WebDriver实现本身检测的损失. 这些因素的变化会影响结果. 很难区分网站自身与外部资源之间的性能差异, 并且也很难明确浏览器中使用WebDriver对性能的影响, 尤其是在注入脚本时.\n另一个潜在的吸引点是\u0026quot;节省时间\u0026rdquo;-同时执行功能和性能测试. 但是, 功能和性能测试分别具有截然不同的目标. 要测试功能, 测试人员可能需要耐心等待加载, 但这会使性能测试结果蒙上阴影, 反之亦然.\n为了提高网站的性能, 您需要不依赖于环境的差异来分析整体性能, 识别不良代码的实践, 对单个资源 (即CSS或JavaScript) 的性能进行细分 以了解需要改进的地方. 有很多性能测试工具已经可以完成这项工作, 并且提供了报告和分析结果, 甚至可以提出改进建议.\n例如一种易于使用的 (开源) 软件包是: JMeter\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/","title":"远程 WebDriver","tags":[],"description":"","content":"远程 WebDriver 您可以如本地一样, 使用远程WebDriver. 主要区别在于需要配置远程WebDriver, 以便可以在不同的计算机上运行测试.\n远程WebDriver由两部分组成：客户端和服务端. 客户端是您的WebDriver测试，而服务端仅仅是可以被托管于任何现代Java EE应用服务器的Java Servlet.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/avoid_sharing_state/","title":"避免共享状态","tags":[],"description":"","content":"尽管在多个地方都提到过, 但这点仍值得被再次提及. 确保测试相互隔离.\n  不要共享测试数据. 想象一下有几个测试, 每个测试都会在选择操作执行之前查询数据库中的有效订单. 如果两个测试采用相同的顺序, 则很可能会出现意外行为.\n  清理应用程序中过时的数据, 这些数据可能会被其他测试. 例如无效的订单记录.\n  每次测试都创建一个新的WebDriver实例. 这在确保测试隔离的同时可以保障并行化更为简单.\n  "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/","title":"Http 代理","tags":[],"description":"","content":"代理服务器充当客户端和服务器之间的请求中介. 简述而言, 流量将通过代理服务器流向您请求的地址, 然后返回.\n使用代理服务器用于Selenium的自动化脚本, 可能对以下方面有益:\n 捕获网络流量 模拟网站后端响应 在复杂的网络拓扑结构或严格的公司限制/政策下访问目标站点.  如果您在公司环境中, 并且浏览器无法连接到URL, 则最有可能是因为环境, 需要借助代理进行访问.\nSelenium WebDriver提供了如下设置代理的方法\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; public class proxyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.quit(); } }   from selenium import webdriver PROXY = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34; webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX[\u0026#39;proxy\u0026#39;] = { \u0026#34;httpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;ftpProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;sslProxy\u0026#34;: PROXY, \u0026#34;proxyType\u0026#34;: \u0026#34;MANUAL\u0026#34;, } with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: # Open URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; public class ProxyTest{ public static void Main() { ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); Proxy proxy = new Proxy(); proxy.Kind = ProxyKind.Manual; proxy.IsAutoDetect = false; proxy.SslProxy = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; options.Proxy = proxy; options.AddArgument(\u0026#34;ignore-certificate-errors\u0026#34;); IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.selenium.dev/\u0026#34;); } }   # this code was written with Selenium 4 proxy = Selenium::WebDriver::Proxy.new(http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;) cap = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome(proxy: proxy) driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for(:chrome, capabilities: cap) driver.get(\u0026#39;http://google.com\u0026#39;)   let webdriver = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); let chrome = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/chrome\u0026#39;); let proxy = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver/proxy\u0026#39;); let opts = new chrome.Options(); (async function example() { opts.setProxy(proxy.manual({http: \u0026#39;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#39;})); let driver = new webdriver.Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .setChromeOptions(opts) .build(); try { await driver.get(\u0026#34;https://selenium.dev\u0026#34;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } }());   import org.openqa.selenium.Proxy import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions class proxyTest { fun main() { val proxy = Proxy() proxy.setHttpProxy(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;HOST:PORT\u0026gt;\u0026#34;) val options = ChromeOptions() options.setCapability(\u0026#34;proxy\u0026#34;, proxy) val driver: WebDriver = ChromeDriver(options) driver[\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;] driver.manage().window().maximize() driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/","title":"指南和建议","tags":[],"description":"","content":"指南和建议 关于\u0026quot;最佳实践\u0026quot;的注解：我们有意在本文档中避免使用\u0026quot;最佳实践\u0026quot;的说辞. 没有一种方法可以适用于所有情况. 我们更喜欢\u0026quot;指南和建议\u0026quot;的想法. 我们鼓励您通读这些内容, 并仔细地确定哪种方法适用于您的特定环境.\n由于许多原因, 功能测试很难正确完成. 即便应用程序的状态, 复杂性, 依赖还不够让测试变得 足够复杂, 操作浏览器（特别是跨浏览器的兼容性测试）就已经使得写一个好的测试变成一种挑战.\nSelenium提供了一些工具使得功能测试用户更简单的操作浏览器, 但是这些工具并不能帮助你来写一个好的 架构的测试套件. 这章我们会针对怎么来做web页面的功能测试的自动化给出一些忠告, 指南和建议.\n这章记录了很多历年来成功的使用Selenium的用户的常用的软件设计模式.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/test_independency/","title":"测试的独立性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"将每个测试编写为独立的单元. 以不依赖于其他测试完成的方式编写测试:\n例如有一个内容管理系统, 您可以借助其创建一些自定义内容, 这些内容在发布后作为模块显示在您的网站上, 并且CMS和应用程序之间的同步可能需要一些时间.\n测试模块的一种错误方法是在测试中创建并发布内容, 然后在另一测试中检查该模块. 这是不可取的, 因为发布后内容可能无法立即用于其他测试.\n与之相反的事, 您可以创建在受影响的测试中打开和关闭的打桩内容, 并将其用于验证模块. 而且, 对于内容的创建, 您仍然可以进行单独的测试.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/","title":"爬取链接","tags":[],"description":"","content":"建议您不要使用WebDriver来通过链接进行爬网， 并非因为无法完成，而是因为它绝对不是最理想的工具。 WebDriver需要一些时间来启动，并且可能要花几秒钟到一分钟的时间， 具体取决于测试的编写方式，仅仅是为了获取页面并遍历DOM.\n除了使用WebDriver之外， 您还可以通过执行 curl 命令或 使用诸如BeautifulSoup之类的库来节省大量时间， 因为这些方法不依赖于创建浏览器和导航至页面. 通过不使用WebDriver可以节省大量时间.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/","title":"反模式","tags":[],"description":"","content":"反模式 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/consider_using_a_fluent_api/","title":"考虑使用Fluent API","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Martin Fowler创造了术语 \u0026ldquo;Fluent API\u0026rdquo;. Selenium已经在其 FluentWait 类中实现了类似的东西, 这是对标准 Wait 类的替代. 您可以在页面对象中启用Fluent API设计模式, 然后使用如下代码段查询Google搜索页面:\ndriver.get( \u0026#34;http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en\u0026amp;amp;tab=ww\u0026#34; ); GoogleSearchPage gsp = new GoogleSearchPage(); gsp.withFluent().setSearchString().clickSearchButton(); Google页面对象类具有这种流畅行为后可能看起来像这样:\npublic class GoogleSearchPage extends LoadableComponent\u0026lt;GoogleSearchPage\u0026gt; { private final WebDriver driver; private GSPFluentInterface gspfi; public class GSPFluentInterface { private GoogleSearchPage gsp; public GSPFluentInterface(GoogleSearchPage googleSearchPage) { gsp = googleSearchPage; } public GSPFluentInterface clickSearchButton() { gsp.searchButton.click(); return this; } public GSPFluentInterface setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( gsp.searchField, sstr ); return this; } } @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchField; @FindBy(id = \u0026#34;gbqfb\u0026#34;) private WebElement searchButton; public GoogleSearchPage(WebDriver driver) { gspfi = new GSPFluentInterface( this ); this.get(); // If load() fails, calls isLoaded() until page is finished loading  PageFactory.initElements(driver, this); // Initialize WebElements on page  } public GSPFluentInterface withFluent() { return gspfi; } public void clickSearchButton() { searchButton.click(); } public void setSearchString( String sstr ) { clearAndType( searchField, sstr ); } @Override protected void isLoaded() throws Error { Assert.assertTrue(\u0026#34;Google search page is not yet loaded.\u0026#34;, isSearchFieldVisible() ); } @Override protected void load() { if ( isSFieldPresent ) { Wait\u0026lt;WebDriver\u0026gt; wait = new WebDriverWait( driver, Duration.ofSeconds(3) ); wait.until( visibilityOfElementLocated( By.id(\u0026#34;gbqfq\u0026#34;) ) ).click(); } } } "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/","title":"页面加载策略","tags":[],"description":"","content":"定义当前会话的页面加载策略. 默认情况下, 当Selenium WebDriver加载页面时, 遵循 normal 的页面加载策略. 始终建议您在页面加载缓慢时, 停止下载其他资源 (例如图片, css, js) .\ndocument.readyState 属性描述当前页面的加载状态. 默认情况下, 在页面就绪状态是 complete 之前, WebDriver都将延迟 driver.get() 的响应或 driver.navigate().to() 的调用.\n在单页应用程序中 (例如Angular, React, Ember) , 一旦动态内容加载完毕 (即pageLoadStrategy状态为COMPLETE) , 则点击链接或在页面内执行某些操作的行为将不会向服务器发出新请求, 因为内容在客户端动态加载, 无需刷新页面.\n单页应用程序可以动态加载许多视图, 而无需任何服务器请求, 因此页面加载策略将始终显示为 COMPLETE 的状态, 直到我们执行新的 driver.get() 或 driver.navigate().to() 为止.\nWebDriver的 页面加载策略 支持以下内容:\nnormal 此配置使Selenium WebDriver等待整个页面的加载. 设置为 normal 时, Selenium WebDriver将保持等待, 直到 返回 load 事件\n默认情况下, 如果未设置页面加载策略, 则设置 normal 为初始策略.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Normal; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;normal\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;normal\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NORMAL) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     eager 这将使Selenium WebDriver保持等待, 直到完全加载并解析了HTML文档, 该策略无关样式表, 图片和subframes的加载.\n设置为 eager 时, Selenium WebDriver保持等待, 直至返回 DOMContentLoaded 事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.Eager; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;eager\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;eager\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.EAGER) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     none 设置为 none 时, Selenium WebDriver仅等待至初始页面下载完成.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class pageLoadStrategy { public static void main(String[] args) { ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options options = Options() options.page_load_strategy = \u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options) # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace pageLoadStrategy { class pageLoadStrategy { public static void Main(string[] args) { var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions(); chromeOptions.PageLoadStrategy = PageLoadStrategy.None; IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; caps = Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.chrome caps.page_load_strategy=\u0026#39;none\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, :desired_capabilities =\u0026gt; caps driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;)   const {Builder, Capabilities} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); const caps = new Capabilities(); caps.setPageLoadStrategy(\u0026#34;none\u0026#34;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder(). withCapabilities(caps). forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;). build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.PageLoadStrategy import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions fun main() { val chromeOptions = ChromeOptions() chromeOptions.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE) val driver = ChromeDriver(chromeOptions) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/","title":"服务网格","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Grid 通过将客户端命令发送到远程浏览器的实例, Selenium Grid 允许在远程计算机 (虚拟或真实) 上执行WebDriver脚本. 它旨在提供一种在多台计算机上并行运行测试的简便方法.\nSelenium Grid允许我们在多台计算机上并行运行测试, 并集中管理不同的浏览器版本和浏览器配置 (而不是在每个独立的测试中).\nSelenium Grid不是银弹. 它解决了一些常见的委派和分布式问题, 但是例如无法管理基础架构这样的问题, 可能不适合您的特定需求.\n请注意Grid 3不再被支持, Selenium项目建议使用Grid 4\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/","title":"每次测试都刷新浏览器","tags":[],"description":"","content":"每次测试都从一个干净的已知状态开始. 理想情况下, 为每次测试打开一个新的虚拟机. 如果打开新虚拟机不切实际, 则至少应为每次测试启动一个新的WebDriver. 对于Firefox, 请使用您已知的配置文件去启动WebDriver.\nFirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile(new File(\u0026#34;pathToFirefoxProfile\u0026#34;)); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/","title":"网络元素","tags":[],"description":"","content":"WebElement表示DOM元素. 可以通过使用WebDriver实例从文档根节点进行搜索, 或者在另一个WebElement下进行搜索来找到WebElement.\nWebDriver API提供了内置方法来查找基于不同属性的WebElement (例如ID, Name, Class, XPath, CSS选择器, 链接文本等).\nFind Element 此方法用于查找元素并返回第一个匹配的单个WebElement引用, 该元素可用于进一步的元素操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element IWebElement searchbox = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element search_bar = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element let searchBar = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;q\u0026#39; using Find Element val searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements 与\u0026quot;Find Element\u0026quot;相似, 但返回的是匹配WebElement列表. 要使用列表中的特定WebElement, 您需要遍历元素列表以对选定元素执行操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement element : elements) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsExample { class FindElementsExample { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = driver.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get all the elements available with tag \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await driver.findElements(By.css(\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = driver.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (element in elements) { println(\u0026#34;Paragraph text:\u0026#34; + element.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Find Element From Element 此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找子元素. 为此, 父WebElement与\u0026quot;findElement\u0026quot;链接并访问子元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); WebElement searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); WebElement searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) search_form = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#34;form\u0026#34;) search_box = search_form.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) search_box.send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)   IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.Url = \u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;; IWebElement searchForm = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)); IWebElement searchbox = searchForm.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchbox.SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;);   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; search_form = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;f\u0026#39;) # Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Perform action using WebElement search_bar.send_keys \u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   let {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); driver = new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); (async function test(){ //Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.google.com\u0026#39;); //Get and store DOM element \u0026#39;\u0026lt;form\u0026gt;\u0026#39; let searchForm = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;f\u0026#39;)); //Get search box element from webElement \u0026#39;form\u0026#39; let searchBar = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); //Perform action using WebElement await searchBar.sendKeys(\u0026#39;Webdriver\u0026#39;); })();   val driver = FirefoxDriver() driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val searchForm = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;form\u0026#34;)) val searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchBox.sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34;)     Find Elements From Element 此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找匹配子WebElement的列表. 为此, 父WebElement与\u0026quot;findElements\u0026quot;链接并访问子元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.List; public class findElementsFromElement { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  List\u0026lt;WebElement\u0026gt; elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for (WebElement e : elements) { System.out.println(e.getText()); } } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) for e in elements: print(e.text)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace FindElementsFromElement { class FindElementsFromElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.TagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  IList \u0026lt; IWebElement \u0026gt; elements = element.FindElements(By.TagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); foreach(IWebElement e in elements) { System.Console.WriteLine(e.Text); } } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39; element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,\u0026#39;div\u0026#39;) # Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39; elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,\u0026#39;p\u0026#39;) elements.each { |e| puts e.text } ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = new Builder() .forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;) .build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  let element = driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)); // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  let elements = await element.findElements(By.css(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)); for(let e of elements) { console.log(await e.getText()); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;) // Get element with tag name \u0026#39;div\u0026#39;  val element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(\u0026#34;div\u0026#34;)) // Get all the elements available with tag name \u0026#39;p\u0026#39;  val elements = element.findElements(By.tagName(\u0026#34;p\u0026#34;)) for (e in elements) { println(e.text) } } finally { driver.quit() } }     Get Active Element 此方法用于追溯或查找当前页面上下文中具有焦点的DOM元素.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class activeElementTest { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  String attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.out.println(attr); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.get_attribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr)   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; namespace ActiveElement { class ActiveElement { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  string attr = driver.SwitchTo().ActiveElement().GetAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); System.Console.WriteLine(attr); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39; driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;).send_keys(\u0026#39;webElement\u0026#39;) # Get attribute of current active element attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute(\u0026#39;title\u0026#39;) puts attr ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;[name=\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;]\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;); // Get attribute of current active element  let attr = await driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;); console.log(`${attr}`) })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;[name=\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;]\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webElement\u0026#34;) // Get attribute of current active element  val attr = driver.switchTo().activeElement().getAttribute(\u0026#34;title\u0026#34;) print(attr) } finally { driver.quit() } }     Is Element Enabled 此方法用于检查网页上连接的元素是否被启用或禁用. 返回一个布尔值, 如果在当前浏览上下文中启用了连接的元素, 则返回True； 否则返回false .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).is_enabled()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Store the WebElement IWebElement element = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)); // Prints true if element is enabled else returns false System.Console.WriteLine(element.Enabled);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;http://www.google.com/\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is enabled else returns false ele = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;btnK\u0026#39;).enabled?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Resolves Promise and returns boolean value let element = await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is enabled else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;btnK\u0026#34;)).isEnabled()     Is Element Selected 此方法确定是否 已选择 引用的元素. 此方法广泛用于复选框, 单选按钮, 输入元素和选项元素.\n返回一个布尔值, 如果在当前浏览上下文中 已选择 引用的元素, 则返回 True, 否则返回 False.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); //returns true if element is checked else returns false  boolean value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) # Returns true if element is checked else returns false value = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;).is_selected()   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false bool value = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).Selected;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39; # Returns true if element is checked else returns false ele = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;).selected?   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#39;); // Returns true if element ins checked else returns false let res = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:last-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/checkboxes\u0026#34;) //returns true if element is checked else returns false  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;input[type=\u0026#39;checkbox\u0026#39;]:first-of-type\u0026#34;)).isSelected()     Get Element TagName 此方法用于获取在当前浏览上下文中 具有焦点的被引用元素的 TagName .\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); //returns TagName of the element  String value = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns TagName of the element string attr = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).TagName;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns TagName of the element attr = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).tag_name   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns TagName of the element let value = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getTagName();   //navigates to url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) //returns TagName of the element  val attr = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getTagName()     Get Element Rect 用于获取参考元素的尺寸和坐标.\n提取的数据主体包含以下详细信息:\n 元素左上角的X轴位置 元素左上角的y轴位置 元素的高度 元素宽度  Java Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element Rectangle res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect(); // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods System.out.println(res.getX());   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); var res = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)); // Return x and y coordinates referenced element System.Console.WriteLine(res.Location); // Returns height, width System.Console.WriteLine(res.Size);   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element res = driver.find_element(css: \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).rect   // Navigate to url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element let element = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getRect();   // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Returns height, width, x and y coordinates referenced element val res = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).rect // Rectangle class provides getX,getY, getWidth, getHeight methods println(res.getX())     获取元素CSS值 获取当前浏览上下文中元素的特定计算样式属性的值.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;) # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.findElement(By.LINK_TEXT, \u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;).value_of_css_property(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext String cssValue = driver.FindElement(By.LinkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).GetCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;);   # Navigate to Url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext cssValue = driver.find_element(:link_text, \u0026#39;More information...\u0026#39;).css_value(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;)   // Navigate to Url await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext let cssValue = await driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#39;color\u0026#39;);   // Navigate to Url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // Retrieves the computed style property \u0026#39;color\u0026#39; of linktext val cssValue = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;More information...\u0026#34;)).getCssValue(\u0026#34;color\u0026#34;)     获取元素文本 获取特定元素渲染后的文本.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin // Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;); // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText();   # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;).text   // Navigate to url driver.Url=\u0026#34;https://example.com\u0026#34;; // Retrieves the text of the element String text = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).Text;   # Navigate to url driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.example.com\u0026#39; # Retrieves the text of the element text = driver.find_element(:css, \u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;).text   // Navigate to URL await driver.get(\u0026#39;http://www.example.com\u0026#39;); // retrieves the text of the element let text = await driver.findElement(By.css(\u0026#39;h1\u0026#39;)).getText();   // Navigate to URL driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.example.com\u0026#34;) // retrieves the text of the element val text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h1\u0026#34;)).getText()     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/","title":"Chrome开发工具","tags":[],"description":"","content":"在Selenium 4 alpha版本通过对Chrome开发工具协议（Chrome DevTools Protocol）的支持添加了大家期待已久的源生Chrome开发工具“DevTools”调用。这将帮助我们获取Chrome开发属性集例如：应用程序缓存、获取、网络、性能、探查器、资源计时、安全性和目标CDP域等。\nChrome开发工具是在谷歌Chrome浏览其中内置的网页开发工具集。开发工具可以帮助你快速编辑页面和诊断问题，最终帮助你更快地建立更好的网站。\n模拟 Geo location 定位: 有一些应用在不同的定位下有不同的特性和功能。想通过Selenium在浏览器中模拟geo locations定位是从而实现应用的自动化是非常困难的。但是通过开发工具的帮助，我们可以非常简单的模拟它们。下面的代码判断演示了这一点。\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void geoLocationTest(){ ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); Map coordinates = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334); put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334); put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service def geoLocationTest(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() Map_coordinates = dict({ \u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;: 41.8781, \u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;: -87.6298, \u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;: 100 }) driver.execute_cdp_cmd(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, Map_coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)   using System.Threading.Tasks; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools; // Replace the version to match the Chrome version using OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.Emulation; namespace dotnet_test { class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { GeoLocation().GetAwaiter().GetResult(); } public static async Task GeoLocation() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevToolsSession devToolsSession = driver.CreateDevToolsSession(); var geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings = new SetGeolocationOverrideCommandSettings(); geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Latitude = 51.507351; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Longitude = -0.127758; geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings.Accuracy = 1; await devToolsSession .GetVersionSpecificDomains\u0026lt;OpenQA.Selenium.DevTools.V87.DevToolsSessionDomains\u0026gt;() .Emulation .SetGeolocationOverride(geoLocationOverrideCommandSettings); driver.Url = \u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;; } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Latitude and longitude of Tokyo, Japan coordinates = { latitude: 35.689487, longitude: 139.691706, accuracy: 100 } driver.execute_cdp(\u0026#39;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#39;, coordinates) driver.get \u0026#39;https://www.google.com/search?q=selenium\u0026#39; ensure driver.quit end   // Please raise a PR to add code sample    import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val coordinates : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; () coordinates.put(\u0026#34;latitude\u0026#34;, 50.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;longitude\u0026#34;, 0.2334) coordinates.put(\u0026#34;accuracy\u0026#34;, 1) driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setGeolocationOverride\u0026#34;, coordinates) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) }     注册基本认证 一些应用要求某些页面基于认证过的状态, 而大多数时候为了保持简单, 开发者使用基本认证. 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 您可以在出现自动认证的时候自动进行输入.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin Predicate\u0026lt;URI\u0026gt; uriPredicate = uri -\u0026gt; uri.getHost().contains(\u0026#34;your-domain.com\u0026#34;); ((HasAuthentication) driver).register(uriPredicate, UsernameAndPassword.of(\u0026#34;admin\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;password\u0026#34;)); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://your-domain.com/login\u0026#34;);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const pageCdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.register(\u0026#39;username\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;password\u0026#39;, pageCdpConnection) await driver.get(server.url())   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     监听页面元素的事件 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听DOM事件并注册回调以处理DOM事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.logMutationEvents(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;attribute_name\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;style\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;current_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;\u0026#39;) assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;old_value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;display:none;\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.dynamicPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;reveal\u0026#39;}) await element.click() let revealed = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;revealed\u0026#39;}); await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(revealed), 5000);   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     监听页面JS异常 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听JS异常并注册回调以处理异常详细信息.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void jsExceptionsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); List\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; jsExceptionsList = new ArrayList\u0026lt;\u0026gt;(); Consumer\u0026lt;JavascriptException\u0026gt; addEntry = jsExceptionsList::add; devTools.getDomains().events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(addEntry); driver.get(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your site url\u0026gt;\u0026#34;); WebElement link2click = driver.findElement(By.linkText(\u0026#34;\u0026lt;your link text\u0026gt;\u0026#34;)); ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(\u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;); link2click.click(); for (JavascriptException jsException : jsExceptionsList) { System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception message: \u0026#34; + jsException.getMessage()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;JS exception system information: \u0026#34; + jsException.getSystemInformation()); jsException.printStackTrace(); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogException(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;exceptionDetails\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;stackTrace\u0026#39;][\u0026#39;callFrames\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;functionName\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;onmouseover\u0026#39;) }) await driver.get(test.Pages.javascriptPage) let element = driver.findElement({id: \u0026#39;throwing-mouseover\u0026#39;}) await element.click()   fun kotlinJsErrorListener() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logJsError = { j: JavascriptException -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Javascript error: \u0026#39;\u0026#34; + j.localizedMessage + \u0026#34;\u0026#39;.\u0026#34;) } devTools.domains.events().addJavascriptExceptionListener(logJsError) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val link2click = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) (driver as JavascriptExecutor).executeScript( \u0026#34;arguments[0].setAttribute(arguments[1], arguments[2]);\u0026#34;, link2click, \u0026#34;onclick\u0026#34;, \u0026#34;throw new Error(\u0026#39;Hello, world!\u0026#39;)\u0026#34; ) link2click.click() driver.quit() }     监听页面的console.log事件 通过Selenium和开发者工具的集成, 可以监听console.log事件并注册回调以处理该事件.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.v87.log.Log; public void consoleLogTest() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Log.enable()); devTools.addListener(Log.entryAdded(), logEntry -\u0026gt; { System.out.println(\u0026#34;log: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getText()); System.out.println(\u0026#34;level: \u0026#34;+logEntry.getLevel()); }); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   const cdpConnection = await driver.createCDPConnection(\u0026#39;page\u0026#39;) await driver.onLogEvent(cdpConnection, function(event) { assert.equal(event[\u0026#39;args\u0026#39;][0][\u0026#39;value\u0026#39;], \u0026#39;here\u0026#39;) }) await driver.executeScript(\u0026#39;console.log(\u0026#34;here\u0026#34;)\u0026#39;)   fun kotlinConsoleLogExample() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val devTools = driver.devTools devTools.createSession() val logConsole = { c: ConsoleEvent -\u0026gt; print(\u0026#34;Console log message is: \u0026#34; + c.messages)} devTools.domains.events().addConsoleListener(logConsole) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) val executor = driver as JavascriptExecutor executor.executeScript(\u0026#34;console.log(\u0026#39;Hello World\u0026#39;)\u0026#34;) val input = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) input.sendKeys(\u0026#34;Selenium 4\u0026#34;) input.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN) driver.quit() }     Override Device Mode Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can override the current device mode and simulate a new mode. Width, height, mobile, and deviceScaleFactor are required parameters. Optional parameters include scale, screenWidth, screenHeight, positionX, positionY, dontSetVisible, screenOrientation, viewport, and displayFeature.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void deviceSimulationTest() { ChromeDriver driver = (ChromeDriver) Driver.getDriver(); tools = driver.getDevTools(); tools.createSession(); Map deviceMetrics = new HashMap() {{ put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600); put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000); put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true); put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50); }}; driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   fun kotlinOverridDeviceMode() { val driver = ChromeDriver() val deviceMetrics: Map\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt; = object : HashMap\u0026lt;String, Any\u0026gt;() { init { put(\u0026#34;width\u0026#34;, 600) put(\u0026#34;height\u0026#34;, 1000) put(\u0026#34;mobile\u0026#34;, true) put(\u0026#34;deviceScaleFactor\u0026#34;, 50) } } driver.executeCdpCommand(\u0026#34;Emulation.setDeviceMetricsOverride\u0026#34;, deviceMetrics) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) driver.quit() }     Collect Performance Metrics Using Selenium\u0026rsquo;s integration with CDP, one can collect various performance metrics while navigating the application.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.devtools.DevTools; public void performanceMetricsExample() { ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); DevTools devTools = driver.getDevTools(); devTools.createSession(); devTools.send(Performance.enable(Optional.empty())); List\u0026lt;Metric\u0026gt; metricList = devTools.send(Performance.getMetrics()); driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); driver.quit(); for(Metric m : metricList) { System.out.println(m.getName() + \u0026#34; = \u0026#34; + m.getValue()); } }   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample   # Please raise a PR to add code sample     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/","title":"Keyboard","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Keyboard代表一个键盘事件. Keyboard操作通过使用底层接口允许我们向web浏览器提供虚拟设备输入.\nsendKeys 即使遇到修饰符键序列, sendKeys也会在DOM元素中键入键序列. 这里 是WebDriver能够支持的键位列表.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER)   using (var driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter text \u0026#34;q\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyDown keyDown用于模拟按下辅助按键(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)的动作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); Action keydown = actionProvider.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build(); keydown.perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page webdriver.ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).perform()   IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  Actions actionProvider = new Actions(driver); IAction keydown = actionProvider.KeyDown(Keys.Control).SendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).Build(); keydown.Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, :return # Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page driver.action.key_down(:control).send_keys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform ensure driver.quit end   (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;webdriver\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  await driver.actions().keyDown(Key.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#39;a\u0026#39;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Enter \u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; text and perform \u0026#34;ENTER\u0026#34; keyboard action  driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;webdriver\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val action = Actions(driver) // Perform action ctrl + A (modifier CONTROL + Alphabet A) to select the page  action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(\u0026#34;a\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     keyUp keyUp用于模拟辅助按键(CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT)弹起或释放的操作.\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  WebElement search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search,\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) action = webdriver.ActionChains(driver) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) action.key_down(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys_to_element(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Interactions; namespace HelloSelenium { class HelloSelenium { public static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;); Actions action = new Actions(driver); // Store google search box WebElement  IWebElement search = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.KeyDown(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).KeyUp(Keys.Shift).SendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).Perform(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # Store google search box WebElement search = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) # Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty) driver.action.key_down(:shift).send_keys(search,\u0026#39;qwerty\u0026#39;).key_up(:shift).send_keys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store google search box WebElement  let search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  await driver.actions().click(search).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).perform(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com\u0026#34;) // Store google search box WebElement  val search = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) val action = Actions(driver) // Enters text \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34; with keyDown SHIFT key and after keyUp SHIFT key (QWERTYqwerty)  action.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(search, \u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys(\u0026#34;qwerty\u0026#34;).build().perform() } finally { driver.quit() } }     clear 清除可编辑元素的内容. 这仅适用于可编辑且可交互的元素, 否则Selenium将返回错误(无效的元素状态或元素不可交互).\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class clear { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  WebElement searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear(); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Navigate to url driver.get(\u0026#34;http://www.google.com\u0026#34;) # Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element SearchInput = driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;) SearchInput.send_keys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) # Clears the entered text SearchInput.clear()   using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using System; namespace SnipetProjectDelete { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); try { // Navigate to Url  driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(@\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  IWebElement searchInput = driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)); searchInput.SendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  searchInput.Clear(); } finally { driver.Quit(); } } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome begin # Navigate to URL driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com\u0026#39; # store \u0026#39;search_input\u0026#39; element search_input = driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;) search_input.send_keys(\u0026#39;selenium\u0026#39;) # Clears the entered text search_input.clear ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;chrome\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Store \u0026#39;SearchInput\u0026#39; element  let searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)); await searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;); // Clears the entered text  await searchInput.clear(); } finally { await driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() try { // Navigate to Url  driver.get(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com\u0026#34;) // Store \u0026#39;searchInput\u0026#39; element  val searchInput = driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)) searchInput.sendKeys(\u0026#34;selenium\u0026#34;) // Clears the entered text  searchInput.clear() } finally { driver.quit() } }     "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/driver_idiosyncrasies/","title":"驱动特性","tags":[],"description":"","content":"驱动特性 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/","title":"支持的包","tags":[],"description":"","content":"支持的包 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/","title":"Legacy","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Legacy 在此部分，您可以找到与Selenium的旧组件有关的所有文档. 这样做纯粹是出于历史原因，而不是鼓励使用已废弃的组件.\n"},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/","title":"版权页","tags":[],"description":"","content":"版权页 "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/categories/","title":"Categories","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/","title":"Selenium 浏览器自动化项目","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium 浏览器自动化项目 Selenium 是支持 web 浏览器自动化的一系列工具和库的综合项目。\n它提供了扩展来模拟用户与浏览器的交互，用于扩展浏览器分配的分发服务器，以及用于实现 W3C WebDriver 规范 的基础结构，该 规范 允许您为所有主要 Web 浏览器编写可互换的代码。\n这个项目是由志愿者贡献者实现的，他们投入了自己数千小时的时间，并使源代码免费提供给任何人使用、享受和改进。\nSelenium 汇集了浏览器供应商，工程师和爱好者，以进一步围绕 Web 平台自动化进行公开讨论。 该项目组织了一次年度会议，以教学和培养社区。\nSelenium 的核心是 WebDriver，这是一个编写指令集的接口，可以在许多浏览器中互换运行。 这里有一个最简单的说明：\nJava Python C# Ruby JavaScript Kotlin import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated; import java.time.Duration; public class HelloSelenium { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)); try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER); WebElement firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))); System.out.println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } finally { driver.quit(); } } }   from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located #This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer with webdriver.Firefox() as driver: wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10) driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.find_element(By.NAME, \u0026#34;q\u0026#34;).send_keys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.RETURN) first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, \u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) print(first_result.get_attribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;))   using System; using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI; class HelloSelenium { static void Main() { using(IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver()) { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(\u0026#34;https://www.google.com/ncr\u0026#34;); driver.FindElement(By.Name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).SendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.Enter); wait.Until(webDriver =\u0026gt; webDriver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)).Displayed); IWebElement firstResult = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;)); Console.WriteLine(firstResult.GetAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)); } } }   require \u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39; driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 10) begin driver.get \u0026#39;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#39; driver.find_element(name: \u0026#39;q\u0026#39;).send_keys \u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, :return first_result = wait.until { driver.find_element(css: \u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;) } puts first_result.attribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;) ensure driver.quit end   const {Builder, By, Key, until} = require(\u0026#39;selenium-webdriver\u0026#39;); (async function example() { let driver = await new Builder().forBrowser(\u0026#39;firefox\u0026#39;).build(); try { // Navigate to Url  await driver.get(\u0026#39;https://www.google.com\u0026#39;); // Enter text \u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; and perform keyboard action \u0026#34;Enter\u0026#34;  await driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#39;q\u0026#39;)).sendKeys(\u0026#39;cheese\u0026#39;, Key.ENTER); let firstResult = await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.css(\u0026#39;h3\u0026#39;)), 10000); console.log(await firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#39;textContent\u0026#39;)); } finally{ driver.quit(); } })();   import org.openqa.selenium.By import org.openqa.selenium.Keys import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait import java.time.Duration fun main() { val driver = FirefoxDriver() val wait = WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10)) try { driver.get(\u0026#34;https://google.com/ncr\u0026#34;) driver.findElement(By.name(\u0026#34;q\u0026#34;)).sendKeys(\u0026#34;cheese\u0026#34; + Keys.ENTER) val firstResult = wait.until(presenceOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(\u0026#34;h3\u0026#34;))) println(firstResult.getAttribute(\u0026#34;textContent\u0026#34;)) } finally { driver.quit() } }     请参阅 快速浏览 以获得运行此代码时幕后发生的事情的完整解释。 您应该继续阅读介绍，了解如何安装并成功地使用 Selenium 作为测试自动化工具，并将这样的简单测试扩展到多个浏览器上的大型分布式环境中，在多个不同的操作系统上运行。\n入门指南 如果您刚刚接触 Selenium，我们有一些资源可以帮助您快速上手。\n 快速浏览  WebDriver IDE Grid    "},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/","title":"Tags","tags":[],"description":"","content":""},{"uri":"https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/contributing/","title":"为 Selenium 文档做贡献","tags":[],"description":"","content":"Selenium是一个大型软件项目, 其网站和文档是了解事情如何工作以及学习有效利用其潜力的关键.\n该项目包含Selenium的网站和文档. 这是一项持续的工作(不针对任何特定版本), 用于提供有效使用Selenium、 如何参与以及如何为Selenium做出贡献的更新信息.\n对网站和文档的贡献遵循以下部分中有关贡献的描述. 您应该花一些时间来熟悉以下文档 查看更多.\n Selenium项目欢迎每一个人的贡献. 您可以通过多种方式提供帮助:\n上报问题 在报告新问题或评论现有问题时, 请确保讨论与Selenium的软件、 其站点与文档的具体技术问题相关.\n随着时间的推移, 所有Selenium组件的变化都非常快, 因此这可能会导致文档过时. 如前所述, 如果您确实遇到这种情况, 请不要为此担心. 您也可能知道如何更新文档, 因此请向我们发送包含相关更改的Pull Request.\n如果不确定所发现的问题是否存在, 请通过以下沟通渠道进行描述 https://selenium.dev/support.\n贡献 Selenium项目欢迎新的贡献者. 随时间做出重大贡献的个人将成为 提交者 , 并获得对该项目的提交权限.\n本指南将指导您完成贡献的过程.\n步骤 1: Fork 在 Github上Fork本项目, 并check out到您的本地\n% git clone git@github.com:seleniumhq/seleniumhq.github.io.git % cd seleniumhq.github.io 依赖: Hugo 我们使用 Hugo 来构建和渲染网站和文档. 需要在提交任何更改之前, 在本地验证所有内容, 请安装 Hugo, 熟悉它并运行本地服务器 以在本地呈现该网站(详细说明可在后续步骤中找到).\n步骤 2: 分支 创建一个功能分支并开始工作:\n% git checkout -b my-feature-branch 我们实践基于HEAD的开发模式, 这意味着所有更改都直接应用在trunk之上.\n步骤 3: 做出改变 仓库包含站点和文档, 这是两个独立的Hugo项目. 如果要更改站点, 请在 site_source_files 目录上工作. 要查看更改的实时预览, 请在网站的根目录上运行 hugo server 命令.\n% cd site_source_files % hugo server 要更改文档, 请切换到 docs_source_files 目录.\n% cd docs_source_files % hugo server 本文档基于英语内容, 被翻译成多种语言. 更改文件时, 请 确保 也对所有其他翻译文件进行更改. 这可能会略有不同, 例如:\n  如果将代码示例添加到 browser_manipulation.en.md 文件中后, 则还需将其添加到 browser_manipulation.es.md, browser_manipulation.ef.md, browser_manipulation.ja.md 以及所有其他的已翻译文件.\n  如果您发现可以改进的翻译, 请仅更改翻译的文件.\n  如果要添加新的语言翻译, 请添加具有适当后缀的新文件. 无需翻译所有内容即可提交PR, 可以迭代完成. 不要忘记在 config.toml 文件中检查一些必要的配置.\n  如果您用英语版本更改了文本, 请用您的更改替换翻译文件中的同一部分(是的, 用英语), 然后在文件顶部添加以下注意事项.\n  {{% notice info %}} \u0026lt;i class=\u0026#34;fas fa-language\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u0026lt;/i\u0026gt; Page being translated from English to {LANGUAGE}. Do you speak {LANGUAGE}? Help us to translate it by sending us pull requests! {{% /notice %}} 步骤 4: 提交 首先确保git知道您的姓名和电子邮件地址:\n% git config --global user.name \u0026#39;Santa Claus\u0026#39; % git config --global user.email \u0026#39;santa@example.com\u0026#39; 编写良好的提交信息很重要. 提交信息应描述更改的内容, 原因以及已解决的参考问题(如果有). 撰写时应遵循以下规则:\n 第一行应少于或等于50个字符, 并包含对该更改的简短说明. 保持第二行空白. 在所有72列处换行. 包括 Fixes #N, 其中 N 是提交修复的问题编号(如果有).  一个好的提交信息可能看起来像这样:\nexplain commit normatively in one line Body of commit message is a few lines of text, explaining things in more detail, possibly giving some background about the issue being fixed, etc. The body of the commit message can be several paragraphs, and please do proper word-wrap and keep columns shorter than about 72 characters or so. That way `git log` will show things nicely even when it is indented. Fixes #141 第一行必须有意义, 因为这是人们在运行 git shortlog 或 git log --oneline 时看到的内容.\n步骤 5: Rebase 使用 git rebase (并非 git merge) 同步实时的工作.\n% git fetch upstream % git rebase upstream/trunk 步骤 6: 测试 永远记住要运行本地服务, 这样做可以确保您的更改没有破坏任何事情.\n步骤 7: Push % git push origin my-feature-branch 访问 https://github.com/yourusername/seleniumhq.github.io.git 并点击 Pull Request 以及填写表格. 请明确您已经签署了CLA (详见步骤 7).\nPull requests通常会在几天内进行审核. 如果有评论要解决, 请在新提交(最好是修正)中应用您的更改, 然后推push到同一分支.\n步骤 8: 集成 代码审查完成后, 提交者将获取您的PR并将其集成到项目的trunk分支中. 因为我们希望在trunk分支上保持线性历史记录, 所以我们通常会squash并rebase您的分支历史记录.\n沟通 有关如何与项目贡献者和整个社区进行沟通的所有详细信息, 请访问以下网址 https://selenium.dev/support\n"}]
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
index afc85f8cdb3c..b0f4dfd93bb2 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>关于这个文档 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 并搜索问题是否已经提交。
 如果没有，请随意打开一个！</p><p>社区的许多成员经常光顾 <a href=https://libera.chat/>Libera.chat</a> 的 <em>#selenium</em> Libera 频道。
 请随时来访并提出问题，如果您得到了您认为在这些文档中可能有用的帮助，请务必添加您的贡献！
-我们可以更新这些文档，但当我们从普通提交者之外获得贡献时，对每个人来说都容易得多。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“关于这个文档”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=测试的类型><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 安装" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+我们可以更新这些文档，但当我们从普通提交者之外获得贡献时，对每个人来说都容易得多。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/>“关于这个文档”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=测试的类型><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 安装" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/index.html
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class="dd-item
 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@
 如果您创建多个具有相同名称或特性，它会崩溃吗?
 它将只保留现有的一个还是添加另一个?</p><p>每次通过工作流时，您都希望尽量避免创建帐户、以用户身份登录和配置独角兽。
 理想情况下，您将能够创建一个帐户，并通过 API 或数据库预先配置独角兽。
-然后，您只需作为用户登录，找到 Sparkles，并将它添加到购物车中。</p><h3 id=是否自动化>是否自动化?</h3><p>自动化总是有优势吗? 什么时候应该决定去自动化测试用例?</p><p>自动化测试用例并不总是有利的. 有时候手动测试可能更合适. 例如，如果应用程序的用户界面，在不久的将来会发生很大变化，那么任何自动化都可能需要重写. 此外，有时根本没有足够的时间来构建自动化测试. 从短期来看，手动测试可能更有效. 如果应用程序的截止日期非常紧迫，当前没有可用的自动化测试，并且必须在特定时间范围内完成，那么手动测试是最好的解决方案.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/>“关于测试自动化”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=测试的类型 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+然后，您只需作为用户登录，找到 Sparkles，并将它添加到购物车中。</p><h3 id=是否自动化>是否自动化?</h3><p>自动化总是有优势吗? 什么时候应该决定去自动化测试用例?</p><p>自动化测试用例并不总是有利的. 有时候手动测试可能更合适. 例如，如果应用程序的用户界面，在不久的将来会发生很大变化，那么任何自动化都可能需要重写. 此外，有时根本没有足够的时间来构建自动化测试. 从短期来看，手动测试可能更有效. 如果应用程序的截止日期非常紧迫，当前没有可用的自动化测试，并且必须在特定时间范围内完成，那么手动测试是最好的解决方案.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/>“关于测试自动化”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/ title=测试的类型 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
index b73eab6407d3..8e0286f9e7ef 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
@@ -138,5 +138,5 @@
 <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/>Selenium WebDriver</a> 将浏览器交互部分带到浏览器供应商的地盘，
 并要求他们负责后端、面向浏览器的实现，从而推动了这一传统。
 最近，这项工作已经发展成为 W3C 标准化过程，
-其目标是将 Selenium 中的 WebDriver 组件转换为用户代理的 <em>du jeur</em> 远程控制库。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Selenium 项目和工具”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=关于测试自动化 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+其目标是将 Selenium 中的 WebDriver 组件转换为用户代理的 <em>du jeur</em> 远程控制库。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>“Selenium 项目和工具”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=关于测试自动化 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
index 1036506fe986..6aa8082420b1 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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 parent"><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@
 并使各方之间的沟通更加顺畅.</p><p>当前有一组工具可用于编写规范
 并将其与编码功能 (例如 <strong><em>Cucumber</em></strong> 或 <strong><em>SpecFlow</em></strong> ) 匹配.</p><p>在Selenium之上构建了一系列工具,
 可通过将BDD规范直接转换为可执行代码, 使得上述过程更为迅速.
-例如 <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara 和 Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/>“测试的类型”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=关于测试自动化><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=关于这个文档 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+例如 <strong><em>JBehave, Capybara 和 Robot Framework</em></strong>.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/types_of_testing/>“测试的类型”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/on_test_automation/ title=关于测试自动化><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=关于这个文档 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
index b6e1df16627f..f875655a3acc 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -143,5 +143,5 @@
 &lt;td&gt;PASS&lt;/td&gt;
 
 
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=从RC迁移到WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/>“HTML runner”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=从RC迁移到WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/index.html
index ee234d61fb21..17550d8420af 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
 <option id=fr value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/fr/legacy_docs/>Français</option>
 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/legacy_docs/>日本語</option>
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/legacy_docs/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/legacy_docs/_index.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > Legacy</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=legacy>Legacy</h1><p>在此部分，您可以找到与Selenium的旧组件有关的所有文档.
-这样做纯粹是出于历史原因，而不是鼓励使用已废弃的组件.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title=Chrome开发工具><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+这样做纯粹是出于历史原因，而不是鼓励使用已废弃的组件.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/>“Legacy”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title=Chrome开发工具><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
index 2aff8b7dc58e..b114de0cbb25 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -201,5 +201,5 @@
 </code></pre></div><p>请注意, 传入的"element"变量如何显示为JS标准"arguments"数组中的第一项.</p><h3 id=执行javascript不会返回任何内容>执行JavaScript不会返回任何内容</h3><p>WebDriver的JavascriptExecutor将包装所有JS并将其评估为匿名表达式.
 这意味着您需要使用"return"关键字:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java>String title <span style=color:#719e07>=</span> selenium<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>getEval<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;browserbot.getCurrentWindow().document.title&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
 </code></pre></div><p>变成:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-java data-lang=java><span style=color:#719e07>((</span>JavascriptExecutor<span style=color:#719e07>)</span> driver<span style=color:#719e07>).</span>executeScript<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;return document.title;&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>);</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“从RC迁移到WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/>“从RC迁移到WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/ title="Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
index a97cf1e46a72..f536c4b602c4 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>远程WebDriver服务器 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -140,5 +140,5 @@
     server<span style=color:#719e07>.</span>start<span style=color:#719e07>();</span>
   <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
 <span style=color:#719e07>}</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“远程WebDriver服务器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/ title=版权页 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/>“远程WebDriver服务器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/ title="Legacy Selenium IDE"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/front_matter/ title=版权页 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
index dab589f48e0f..4001da7e13df 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -833,5 +833,5 @@
 <strong>Options=>Options=>General</strong> in the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong> field.
 Also, Selenium-IDE must be restarted after any change to either an
 extensions file <em>or</em> to the contents of the <strong>Selenium Core extensions</strong>
-field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=远程WebDriver服务器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+field.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_ide/>“Legacy Selenium IDE”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/html-runner/ title="HTML runner"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/remote_webdriver_server/ title=远程WebDriver服务器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
index a1e20bcc06bb..a6a03a3972d8 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -1104,5 +1104,5 @@
 同源策略检查的选项启动浏览器:</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-bash data-lang=bash>   selenium.start<span style=color:#719e07>(</span><span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;commandLineFlags=--disable-web-security&#34;</span><span style=color:#719e07>)</span>;
 </code></pre></div><h3 id=ie中遇到的错误-无法打开应用程序窗口弹出窗口阻止程序已启用>IE中遇到的错误-&ldquo;无法打开应用程序窗口；弹出窗口阻止程序已启用？&rdquo;</h3><p>为避免此错误, 您必须配置浏览器：
 禁用弹出窗口阻止程序,
-并取消选中工具&#187;选项&#187;安全中的"启用保护模式"选项.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>代理人是中间的第三人, 两人之间传球. 它充当将AUT传送到浏览器的"网络服务器&rdquo;. 作为代理, Selenium服务器可以"说谎"AUT的真实URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>启动浏览器时使用的配置文件将localhost:4444设置为HTTP代理, 这就是为什么浏览器执行的任何HTTP请求都将通过Selenium服务器并且响应将通过它而不是真实服务器通过的原因. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=从RC迁移到WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+并取消选中工具&#187;选项&#187;安全中的"启用保护模式"选项.</p><section class=footnotes role=doc-endnotes><hr><ol><li id=fn:1 role=doc-endnote><p>代理人是中间的第三人, 两人之间传球. 它充当将AUT传送到浏览器的"网络服务器&rdquo;. 作为代理, Selenium服务器可以"说谎"AUT的真实URL. <a href=#fnref:1 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li><li id=fn:2 role=doc-endnote><p>启动浏览器时使用的配置文件将localhost:4444设置为HTTP代理, 这就是为什么浏览器执行的任何HTTP请求都将通过Selenium服务器并且响应将通过它而不是真实服务器通过的原因. <a href=#fnref:2 class=footnote-backref role=doc-backlink>&#8617;&#xfe0e;</a></p></li></ol></section><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/selenium_rc/>“Selenium 1 (Selenium RC)”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/migrating_from_rc_to_webdriver/ title=从RC迁移到WebDriver style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/index.html
index 4ed17dcc585d..6e505bed28bd 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -92,5 +92,5 @@
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-主要区别在于需要配置远程WebDriver, 以便可以在不同的计算机上运行测试.</p><p>远程WebDriver由两部分组成：客户端和服务端. 客户端是您的WebDriver测试，而服务端仅仅是可以被托管于任何现代Java EE应用服务器的Java Servlet.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/>“远程 WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=远程WebDriver客户端 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+主要区别在于需要配置远程WebDriver, 以便可以在不同的计算机上运行测试.</p><p>远程WebDriver由两部分组成：客户端和服务端. 客户端是您的WebDriver测试，而服务端仅仅是可以被托管于任何现代Java EE应用服务器的Java Servlet.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/>“远程 WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/ title=远程WebDriver客户端 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
index 88e0aea81f6f..3dd03eab41b1 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/index.html
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@
   </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>有关所需Selenium版本
 及其外部依赖关系版本等更多信息,
 请参阅<a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/selenium-4.0.0-beta-1/java/server/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/commands/tracing.txt>追踪设置</a> .</p><p>更多信息请访问:</p><ul><li>OpenTelemetry: <a href=https://opentelemetry.io>https://opentelemetry.io</a></li><li>配置OpenTelemetry:
-<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid 可观测性</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“远程WebDriver客户端”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/ title="远程 WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=指南和建议 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure>https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-java/tree/main/sdk-extensions/autoconfigure</a></li><li>Jaeger: <a href=https://www.jaegertracing.io>https://www.jaegertracing.io</a></li><li><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/grid_4/advanced_features/observability/>Selenium Grid 可观测性</a></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/remote_webdriver_client/>“远程WebDriver客户端”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/ title="远程 WebDriver"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/ title=指南和建议 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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+此外，对于要自动运行并运行测试的浏览器，您将需要 WebDriver 二进制文件。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/>“Selenium 安装”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/about_this_documentation/ title=关于这个文档><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="安装 Selenium 库" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
index 6a74c0f390ee..e77940ca3c58 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/index.html
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>安装 Selenium 库 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -118,5 +118,5 @@
 dotnet add package Selenium.WebDriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_ruby_><em>Ruby</em></h2><p>可以使用 gem 安装 Ruby 的 Selenium 库：</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>gem install selenium-webdriver
 </code></pre></div><h2 id=_javascript_><em>JavaScript</em></h2><p>可以使用 npm 安装 JavaScript 的 Selenium 库</p><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell>npm install selenium-webdriver
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“安装 Selenium 库”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 安装"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="安装 WebDriver 二进制文件" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/>“安装 Selenium 库”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/ title="Selenium 安装"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="安装 WebDriver 二进制文件" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
index e4b2bb414482..47d037629747 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -99,5 +99,5 @@
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>selenium-server<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
  <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;version&gt;</span>3.X<span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/version&gt;</span>
 <span style=color:#268bd2>&lt;/dependency&gt;</span>
-</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“安装独立服务器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="安装 WebDriver 二进制文件"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 入门" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/>“安装独立服务器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/ title="安装 WebDriver 二进制文件"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/ title="WebDriver 入门" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
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--- a/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/index.html
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -90,5 +90,5 @@
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/>Selenium 安装</a> > 安装 WebDriver 二进制文件</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>安装 WebDriver 二进制文件</h1><p>要执行项目并控制浏览器，需要安装特定于浏览器的 WebDriver 二进制文件。</p><p>下载 <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/>WebDriver 二进制文件</a> 并放入 <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/>系统 PATH 环境变量</a> 中.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_webdriver_binaries/>“安装 WebDriver 二进制文件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_selenium_libraries/ title="安装 Selenium 库"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/selenium_installation/installing_standalone_server/ title=安装独立服务器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/sitemap.xml b/documentation/zh-cn/sitemap.xml
index 48019fd7a470..c01675693215 100644
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Chrome开发工具 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -497,5 +497,5 @@
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 # Please raise a PR to add code sample
-</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome开发工具”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=同cookies一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/>“Chrome开发工具”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=同cookies一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/legacy_docs/ title=Legacy style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/index.html
index 46924426999c..33b808b8113a 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>支持的包 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/ selected>中文简体</option>
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
index b14ff60ef234..bfe4b24582a2 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -1190,5 +1190,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“鼠标动作详细信息”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=同选择元素一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=同cookies一起工作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/>“鼠标动作详细信息”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=同选择元素一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/ title=同cookies一起工作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
index 12f32dfd0419..22e0dde2b334 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>同颜色一起工作 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asHex().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;#ff69b4&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgba().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgba(255, 105, 180, 1)&#34;</span>))
 assert(loginButtonBackgroundColour.asRgb().equals(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;rgb(255, 105, 180)&#34;</span>))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>颜色不再是问题.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“同颜色一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/ title=支持的包><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=同选择元素一起工作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><p>颜色不再是问题.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/>“同颜色一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/ title=支持的包><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/ title=同选择元素一起工作 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
index 9fb490ec11f4..192ede518295 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>同cookies一起工作 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -797,5 +797,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 } 
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“同cookies一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=鼠标动作详细信息><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title=Chrome开发工具 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_cookies/>“同cookies一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=鼠标动作详细信息><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/chrome_devtools/ title=Chrome开发工具 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
index 64e898c2b1c4..55ad2f2a2264 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>同选择元素一起工作 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -390,5 +390,5 @@
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode6 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> doesThisAllowMultipleSelections = selectObject.isMultiple
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“同选择元素一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title=同颜色一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=鼠标动作详细信息 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_select_elements/>“同选择元素一起工作”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/working_with_colours/ title=同颜色一起工作><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/support_packages/mouse_and_keyboard_actions_in_detail/ title=鼠标动作详细信息 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/tags/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/tags/index.html
index eb6533dee779..c726837f4a03 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/tags/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/tags/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Tags :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/tags/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 25.31.0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
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 <option id=ja value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ja/tags/>日本語</option>
-<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/tags/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > Tags</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>Tags</h1><ul></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/tags/>“Tags”</a> was last updated on: 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
index f52a9609f30e..f1433d38b0f7 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -193,5 +193,5 @@
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> driver = FirefoxDriver()
 driver.<span style=color:#719e07>get</span>(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;http://www.google.com&#34;</span>)
 <span style=color:#586e75>// Please help us create an example for Kotlin
-</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=驱动要求><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=定位元素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span><span style=color:#586e75></span>  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/>“WebDriver Bidi APIs”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=驱动要求><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=定位元素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
index e5840d29df58..bb834aac372f 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>操控浏览器 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -1338,5 +1338,5 @@
 await driver.quit();
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode28 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#586e75>// code sample not available please raise a PR
-</span></code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“操控浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=定位元素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/ title=等待 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</span></code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/>“操控浏览器”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/ title=定位元素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/ title=等待 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
index 91d6772ae65d..61072a856c14 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>驱动要求 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -561,5 +561,5 @@
 但现在明智的做法是避免 PhantomJS。这个项目
 <a href=//groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phantomjs/9aI5d-LDuNE>从 8 月 5 日起</a>
 就一直没有被维护过，所以尽管网络会继续变化，PhantomJS 也不会更新。在谷歌宣布可以无头运行
-Chrome 之后，现在 Mozilla 的火狐浏览器也提供了这个功能。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“驱动要求”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=了解组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+Chrome 之后，现在 Mozilla 的火狐浏览器也提供了这个功能。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/>“驱动要求”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=了解组件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
index edee8c254965..f3a2847b6158 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Http 代理 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231152></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -204,5 +204,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http 代理”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=页面加载策略 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/>“Http 代理”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=页面加载策略 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/index.html
index e5f9f582844d..b9066520c9f7 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>WebDriver :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
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 服务器的远程机器上所做的那样，这标志着浏览器自动化的飞跃。</p><p>Selenium WebDriver 指的是语言绑定和各个浏览器控制代码的实现。
-这通常被称为 <em>WebDriver</em>。</p><p>Selenium WebDriver 是 <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>W3C 推荐标准</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver 被设计成一个简单和简洁的编程接口。</p></li><li><p>WebDriver 是一个简洁的面向对象 API。</p></li><li><p>它能有效地驱动浏览器。</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=第三方驱动和插件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=了解组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+这通常被称为 <em>WebDriver</em>。</p><p>Selenium WebDriver 是 <a href=https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver1/>W3C 推荐标准</a></p><ul><li><p>WebDriver 被设计成一个简单和简洁的编程接口。</p></li><li><p>WebDriver 是一个简洁的面向对象 API。</p></li><li><p>它能有效地驱动浏览器。</p></li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/>“WebDriver”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started_with_webdriver/third_party_drivers_and_plugins/ title=第三方驱动和插件><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/ title=了解组件 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
index 3666474e87a3..fb4674e0c623 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -376,5 +376,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>//Press the OK button
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span>alert.accept()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/ title=支持的类><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 代理" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/>“JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/ title=支持的类><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 代理" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
index 9623963f8f76..d6b50dd47a0d 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231152></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Keyboard :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 01-2.74-.53v-1.39a25.31 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -575,5 +575,5 @@
     driver.quit()
   }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/ title=网络元素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/ title="远程 WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/>“Keyboard”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/ title=网络元素><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/remote_webdriver/ title="远程 WebDriver" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
index 0dd87e42b784..2d460575645c 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>定位元素 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -403,5 +403,5 @@
 </code></pre></div></section><section id=kotlincode8 class=tab-panel><div class=highlight><pre style=color:#93a1a1;background-color:#002b36;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4><code class=language-kotlin data-lang=kotlin>
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressLabel = driver.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;lbl-email&#34;</span>))
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> emailAddressField = driver.findElement(with(By.tagName(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;input&#34;</span>)).near(emailAddressLabel))
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/>“定位元素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=操控浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/locating_elements/>“定位元素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/bidi_apis/ title="WebDriver Bidi APIs"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=操控浏览器 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
index 53680890c65b..dd5e25df89d6 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>页面加载策略 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -412,5 +412,5 @@
         driver.quit()
     }
 }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“页面加载策略”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 代理"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/ title=网络元素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/>“页面加载策略”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/http_proxies/ title="Http 代理"><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/ title=网络元素 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
index b2d38608d33a..e20ab3b8ad88 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>支持的类 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
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@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@
 on thread main (id 1)and is being accessed by thread Thread-1 (id 24)
 This is not permitted and *will* cause undefined behaviour
 
-</code></pre></div><p>正如示例所示:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> 将在主线程中创建</li><li>我们使用Java的 <code>Runnable</code> 启动一个新进程, 并使用一个新的 <code>Thread</code> 运行该进程</li><li>这两个 <code>Thread</code> 都会发生冲突, 因为主线程的内存中没有 <code>protectedDriver</code></li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> 会抛出异常</li></ul><h4 id=注意>注意:</h4><p>这不能代替并发运行时使用 <code>ThreadLocal</code> 管理驱动程序的需求.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/>“支持的类”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/ title=等待><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+</code></pre></div><p>正如示例所示:</p><ul><li><code>protectedDriver</code> 将在主线程中创建</li><li>我们使用Java的 <code>Runnable</code> 启动一个新进程, 并使用一个新的 <code>Thread</code> 运行该进程</li><li>这两个 <code>Thread</code> 都会发生冲突, 因为主线程的内存中没有 <code>protectedDriver</code></li><li><code>ThreadGuard.protect</code> 会抛出异常</li></ul><h4 id=注意>注意:</h4><p>这不能代替并发运行时使用 <code>ThreadLocal</code> 管理驱动程序的需求.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/>“支持的类”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/ title=等待><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/js_alerts_prompts_and_confirmations/ title="JavaScript 警告框,提示框和确认框" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
index f1606f058ac1..056f06f5d6e4 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
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@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@
 进行的 _远程_通信。RemoteWebDriver 与驱动程序和浏览器运行在同一个系统上。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/remote_comms.png?width=400px" alt=远程通信></p><p>远程通信也可以使用 Selenium Server 或 Selenium Grid 进行，这两者依次与主机系统上的驱动程序进行通信</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/remote_comms_server.png?width=400px" alt="通过 Grid 远程通信"></p><h2 id=应用框架>应用框架</h2><p>WebDriver 有且只有一个任务: 通过上面的任何方法与浏览器通信。WebDriver 对测试一窍不通：它不知道如何比较事物、
 断言通过或失败，当然它也不知道报告或 Given/When/Then 语法。</p><p>这就是各种框架发挥作用的地方。至少你需要一个与绑定语言相匹配的测试框架，比如. NET 的 NUnit, Java 的 JUnit,
 Ruby 的 RSpec 等等。</p><p>测试框架负责运行和执行 WebDriver 以及测试中相关步骤。因此，您可以认为它看起来类似于下图。</p><p><img src="https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/test_framework.png?width=400px" alt=测试框架></p><p>像 Cucumber 这样的自然语言框架/工具可能作为上图中测试框架框的一部分存在，
-或者它们可能将测试框架完全封装在它们自己的实现中。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“了解组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=驱动要求 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+或者它们可能将测试框架完全封装在它们自己的实现中。</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/understanding_the_components/>“了解组件”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/ title=WebDriver><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/driver_requirements/ title=驱动要求 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/index.html
index 0791118493fd..c9afbb733cda 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>等待 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -420,5 +420,5 @@
         .ignoring(NoSuchElementException<span style=color:#719e07>::</span><span style=color:#719e07>class</span>.java)
 
 <span style=color:#719e07>val</span> foo = wait.until {it.findElement(By.id(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;foo&#34;</span>)) }
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/>“等待”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=操控浏览器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/ title=支持的类 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/waits/>“等待”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/browser_manipulation/ title=操控浏览器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/support_classes/ title=支持的类 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/index.html
index 76679f34cfa0..b56ae94a2cb7 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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-<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628231152></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628231152></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>网络元素 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628239583></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -952,5 +952,5 @@
 
 <span style=color:#586e75>// retrieves the text of the element
 </span><span style=color:#586e75></span><span style=color:#719e07>val</span> text = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(<span style=color:#2aa198>&#34;h1&#34;</span>)).getText()
-  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/>“网络元素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=页面加载策略><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+  </code></pre></div></section></div></div><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/web_element/>“网络元素”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/page_loading_strategy/ title=页面加载策略><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/webdriver/keyboard/ title=Keyboard style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
index 025ea5520aa4..9f50a41f5b06 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>验证码 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/atom-one-dark-reasonable.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hugo-theme.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/theme-selenium.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js?1628231152></script><style>:root #header+#content>#left>#rlblock_left{display:none!important}</style></head><body data-url=/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/><nav id=sidebar class=showVisitedLinks><div id=header-wrapper><div id=header><a id=logo href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/><svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 139.38 34"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fff}</style></defs><title>Selenium</title><path class="cls-1" d="M46.2 26.37a18.85 18.85.0 01-2.57-.2 25 25 0 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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
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 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/captchas/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/captchas.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>反模式</a> > 验证码</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>验证码</h1><p>验证码 (CAPTCHA), 是 <em>全自动区分计算机和人类的图灵测试</em> <em>(Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart)</em> 的简称,
-是被明确地设计用于阻止自动化的, 所以不要尝试!<br>规避验证码的检查, 主要有两个策略:</p><ul><li>在测试环境中禁用验证码</li><li>添加钩子以允许测试绕过验证码</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/>“验证码”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=双因素认证><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=文件下载 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+是被明确地设计用于阻止自动化的, 所以不要尝试!<br>规避验证码的检查, 主要有两个策略:</p><ul><li>在测试环境中禁用验证码</li><li>添加钩子以允许测试绕过验证码</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/>“验证码”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=双因素认证><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=文件下载 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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3.32a.32.32.0 00.49.0L29.87.36A.23.23.0 0029.69.0H.25A.25.25.0 000 .25v33.5A.25.25.0 00.25 34h32a.25.25.0 00.25-.25V5.06A.23.23.0 0032.06 4.91zm-23 25.36a8.08 8.08.0 01-5.74-2 .31.31.0 010-.41l1.25-1.75A.31.31.0 015 26a6.15 6.15.0 004.2 1.64c1.64.0 2.44-.76 2.44-1.56.0-2.48-8.08-.78-8.08-6.06.0-2.33 2-4.27 5.32-4.27a7.88 7.88.0 015.25 1.76.31.31.0 010 .43L12.9 19.65a.31.31.0 01-.45.05 6.08 6.08.0 00-3.84-1.32c-1.28.0-2 .57-2 1.41.0 2.23 8.06.74 8.06 6C14.67 28.33 12.84 30.27 9.05 30.27zM26.68 25.4a.27.27.0 01-.28.28H19a.09.09.0 00-.08.1 2.81 2.81.0 003 2.32 4.62 4.62.0 002.56-.84.27.27.0 01.4.06l.9 1.31a.28.28.0 01-.06.37 6.67 6.67.0 01-4.1 1.28 5.28 5.28.0 01-5.57-5.48 5.31 5.31.0 015.4-5.46c3.11.0 5.22 2.33 5.22 5.74z"/></svg></a></div><div class=searchbox><label for=search-by><i class="fas fa-search"></i></label><input data-search-input id=search-by type=search placeholder=搜索...>
+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -95,5 +95,5 @@
 可以通过实现<a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/apidocs/com/gargoylesoftware/htmlunit/attachment/AttachmentHandler.html>AttachmentHandler</a>
 接口将附件作为输入流进行访问来下载附件.
 可以将AttachmentHandler添加到
-<a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“文件下载”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/ title=验证码><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTP响应码 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+<a href=https://htmlunit.sourceforge.io/>HtmlUnit</a> WebClient.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/>“文件下载”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/ title=验证码><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTP响应码 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
index a77935d05f1b..acf2777416d3 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
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 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
 通常的经验是, 执行时间较长的测试会更加脆弱和不可靠.</p><p>符合<a href=//w3c.github.io/webdriver/webdriver-spec.html>W3C conformant</a>
 的WebDriver实现,
 也会使用 <code>WebDriver</code> 的属性对 <code>navigator</code> 对象进行注释,
-用于缓解拒绝服务的攻击.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTP响应码><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=测试依赖 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+用于缓解拒绝服务的攻击.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/>“Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/ title=HTTP响应码><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=测试依赖 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
index 129086e39676..69343763dd8d 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -105,5 +105,5 @@
 并且有许多代理可以通过编程方式来操纵发送到Web服务器和从Web服务器接收的请求的内容.
 使用代理可以决定如何响应重定向响应代码.
 此外，并非每个浏览器都将响应代码提供给WebDriver，
-因此选择使用代理可以使您拥有适用于每个浏览器的解决方案.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP响应码”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=文件下载><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+因此选择使用代理可以使您拥有适用于每个浏览器的解决方案.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/http_response_codes/>“HTTP响应码”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/file_downloads/ title=文件下载><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/gmail_email_and_facebook_logins/ title="Gmail, email 和 Facebook 登录" style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/index.html
index cc0977986971..379b8432a9da 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@
 <option id=zh-cn value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/ selected>中文简体</option>
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+<option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/_index.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > 反模式</span></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=chapter><div id=body-inner><h1 id=反模式>反模式</h1><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>“反模式”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/guidelines_and_recommendations/fresh_browser_per_test/ title=每次测试都刷新浏览器><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/ title=双因素认证 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
index 1ac22802dab7..97a40f8f7b9f 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/index.html
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+<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>爬取链接 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><link 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+<span data-search-clear><i class="fas fa-times"></i></span></div><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/lunr.min.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/auto-complete.js?1628239583></script><script type=text/javascript>var baseurl="https:\/\/www.selenium.dev\/documentation\/zh-cn";</script><script type=text/javascript src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/search.js?1628239583></script></div><div class=highlightable><ul class=topics><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/ title=入门指南 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/>入门指南
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/ title=快速浏览 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/getting_started/quick/>快速浏览
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a></li></ul></li><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/ title=介绍 class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/>介绍
 <i class="fas fa-check read-icon"></i></a><ul><li data-nav-id=/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/ title="Selenium 项目和工具" class=dd-item><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/introduction/the_selenium_project_and_tools/>Selenium 项目和工具
@@ -97,5 +97,5 @@
 您还可以通过执行 <a href=//curl.haxx.se/>curl</a> 命令或
 使用诸如BeautifulSoup之类的库来节省大量时间，
 因为这些方法不依赖于创建浏览器和导航至页面.
-通过不使用WebDriver可以节省大量时间.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“爬取链接”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=性能测试><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/ title=服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+通过不使用WebDriver可以节省大量时间.</p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/>“爬取链接”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/ title=性能测试><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/grid/ title=服务网格 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
index 7c7f38ab3f6c..853699034737 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!doctype html><html lang=zh-cn class="js csstransforms3d"><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name=generator content="Hugo 0.66.0"><meta name=description content="Documentation for Selenium"><link rel=icon href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/images/favicon.png type=image/png><title>性能测试 :: Selenium 文档</title><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/nucleus.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/hybrid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/featherlight.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/css/auto-complete.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><link 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@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@
 对单个资源 (即CSS或JavaScript) 的性能进行细分
 以了解需要改进的地方.
 有很多性能测试工具已经可以完成这项工作,
-并且提供了报告和分析结果, 甚至可以提出改进建议.</p><p>例如一种易于使用的 (开源) 软件包是: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“性能测试”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=测试依赖><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=爬取链接 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+并且提供了报告和分析结果, 甚至可以提出改进建议.</p><p>例如一种易于使用的 (开源) 软件包是: <a href=//jmeter.apache.org/>JMeter</a></p><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/performance_testing/>“性能测试”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/ title=测试依赖><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/link_spidering/ title=爬取链接 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
index 8396c1911e22..1b12cfdd876a 100644
--- a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/test_dependency/index.html
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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diff --git a/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
index 7e2cc46cee9f..659dd70d24ec 100644
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+++ b/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/index.html
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@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 <option id=ko value=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/ko/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>한국어</option></select><svg id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="255" height="255" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255"><g><g id="arrow-drop-down"><polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75" /></g></g></svg></div></a></li><li><a class=padding href=# data-clear-history-toggle><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw"></i>清理历史记录</a></li></ul></section><section id=footer><p>&copy; 2013-2021</p><p>Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC)</p></section></div></nav><section id=body><div id=overlay></div><div class="padding highlightable"><div><div id=top-bar><div id=top-github-link><a class=github-link title="Edit this page" href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/edit/dev/docs_source_files/content/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication.zh-cn.md target=blank><i class="fas fa-code-branch"></i><span id=top-github-link-text>Edit this page</span></a></div><div id=breadcrumbs itemscope itemtype=http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb><span id=sidebar-toggle-span><a href=# id=sidebar-toggle data-sidebar-toggle><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a></span><span id=toc-menu><i class="fas fa-list-alt"></i></span><span class=links><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/>Selenium 浏览器自动化项目</a> > <a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/>反模式</a> > 双因素认证</span></div><div class=progress><div class=wrapper><nav id=TableOfContents></nav></div></div></div></div><div id=head-tags></div><div id=body-inner><h1>双因素认证</h1><p>双因素认证通常简写成 <em>2FA</em> 是一种一次性密码（OTP）通常用在移动应用上例如“谷歌认证器”，
 “微软认证器”等等，或者通过短信或者邮件来认证。在Selenium自动化中这些都是影响有效自动化
 的极大挑战。虽然也有一些方法可以自动化这些过程，但是同样对于Selenium自动化也引入了很多不安全因素。
-所以你应该要避免对2FA自动化。</p><p>这里有一些对于如何绕过2FA校验的建议：</p><ul><li>在测试环境中对特定用户禁止2FA校验，这样对于这些特定用户可以直接进行自动化测试。</li><li>禁止2FA校验在测试环境中。</li><li>对于特定IP区域禁止2FA校验，这样我们可以配置测试机器的IP在这些白名单区域中。</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“双因素认证”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 11:55:27 +0530: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/c056d8e3baa0feb00289adfc525db842424e06d1>[grid] Fix typo in Grid Endpoints (#734) [deploy site] (c056d8e)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/ title=反模式><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/ title=验证码 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628231152></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628231152></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628231152></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628231152 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628231152></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
+所以你应该要避免对2FA自动化。</p><p>这里有一些对于如何绕过2FA校验的建议：</p><ul><li>在测试环境中对特定用户禁止2FA校验，这样对于这些特定用户可以直接进行自动化测试。</li><li>禁止2FA校验在测试环境中。</li><li>对于特定IP区域禁止2FA校验，这样我们可以配置测试机器的IP在这些白名单区域中。</li></ul><footer class=footline></footer><h5 class=meta-data><a href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/two_factor_authentication/>“双因素认证”</a> was last updated on: 06 Aug 2021 10:45:49 +0200: <a href=https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/commit/ef8f6bc7a311acc06566f7ad8b58dfc531305675>Updating IEDriver link [deploy site] (ef8f6bc)</a></h5></div></div><div id=navigation><a class="nav nav-prev" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/ title=反模式><i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a><a class="nav nav-next" href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/zh-cn/worst_practices/captchas/ title=验证码 style=margin-right:0><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></section><div style=left:-1000px;overflow:scroll;position:absolute;top:-1000px;border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px><div style=border:none;box-sizing:content-box;height:200px;margin:0;padding:0;width:200px></div></div><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/clipboard.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/featherlight.min.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/highlight.pack.js?1628239583></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/modernizr.custom-3.6.0.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/learn.js?1628239583></script><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/js/hugo-learn.js?1628239583></script><link href=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.css?1628239583 rel=stylesheet><script src=https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/mermaid/mermaid.js?1628239583></script><script>mermaid.initialize({startOnLoad:true});</script><script>if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){const activeLanguage=localStorage.getItem("active_language");if(activeLanguage){document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+activeLanguage).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}
 function handleClick(languageRadio){if(typeof(Storage)!=="undefined"){localStorage.setItem("active_language",languageRadio.value);document.querySelectorAll(".tab"+languageRadio.value).forEach(element=>{element.checked=true;});}}</script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/downloads/index.html b/downloads/index.html
index 2509e4a93fdb..b2531195abaa 100644
--- a/downloads/index.html
+++ b/downloads/index.html
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@
 function toggleAboutNav(){const aboutSubnav=document.getElementById("aboutSubnav");const aboutArrow=document.getElementById("aboutArrow");if(aboutSubnav.className==="about-subnav"){aboutSubnav.className+=" about-subnav-active";}else{aboutSubnav.className="about-subnav"}
 if(aboutArrow.className==="arrow-up")aboutArrow.className="arrow-down";else aboutArrow.className="arrow-up";}</script><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/main.css><link rel=stylesheet href=/css/downloads.css><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Encode+Sans" rel=stylesheet><body><section class=hero><h1>Downloads</h1><div class=header-description><p class=body-large>Below is where you can find the latest releases of all the Selenium components. You can also find a
 list of previous releases, source code, and additional information for Maven users.</p><p onclick=showPreviousReleases() class=releases-button>Previous Releases</p></div></section><div class="split-section container dark-background"><div class=left><h2>Selenium Server (Grid)</h2><p>The Selenium Server is needed in order to run Remote Selenium WebDriver (Grid).</p></div><div class=right><p>Latest stable version <a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/3.141/selenium-server-standalone-3.141.59.jar>3.141.59</a></p><p>To use the Selenium Server in a Grid configuration see the <a href=https://selenium.dev/documentation/en/grid/>documentation</a>.</p><p>Latest Selenium 4 Beta version
-<a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/4.0-beta-4/selenium-server-4.0.0-beta-4.jar>4.0.0-beta-4</a></p></div></div><div class="split-section container"><div class=left><h2>The Internet Explorer Driver Server</h2><p>This is required if you want to make use of the latest and greatest features of the WebDriver InternetExplorerDriver.<br>Please make sure that this is available on your <code>$PATH</code> (or <code>%PATH%</code> on Windows) in order for the IE
-Driver to work as expected.</p></div><div class=right><p>Download version 3.150.1 for:<br><a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/3.150/IEDriverServer_Win32_3.150.1.zip>32 bit Windows IE</a> (recommended)
-<a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/3.150/IEDriverServer_x64_3.150.1.zip>64 bit Windows IE</a>
+<a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/4.0-beta-4/selenium-server-4.0.0-beta-4.jar>4.0.0-beta-4</a></p></div></div><div class="split-section container"><div class=left><h2>The Internet Explorer Driver Server</h2><p>This is required if you want to make use of the latest and greatest features of the WebDriver InternetExplorerDriver.<br>Please make sure that this is available on your <code>%PATH%</code> in order for the IE Driver to work as expected.</p></div><div class=right><p>Download version 3.150.2 for:<br><a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/3.150/IEDriverServer_Win32_.3.150.2.zip>32 bit Windows IE</a> (recommended)
+<a href=https://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/3.150/IEDriverServer_x64_.3.150.2.zip>64 bit Windows IE</a>
 <a href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/trunk/cpp/iedriverserver/CHANGELOG>CHANGELOG</a></p></div></div><div class="container basic dark-background"><h2>Selenium Client & WebDriver Language Bindings</h2><p>In order to create scripts that interact with the Selenium Server (Remote WebDriver) or create local Selenium WebDriver scripts,
 you need to make use of language-specific client drivers.</p><p>While language bindings for <a href=/ecosystem>other languages exist</a>,
 these are the core ones that are supported by the main project hosted on GitHub.</p><table class=data-list><thead><tr><th scope=col>Language</th><th scope=col>Stable Version</th><th scope=col>Release Date</th><th scope=col>Beta Version</th><th scope=col>Beta Release Date</th><th scope=col>Links</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=Language>Ruby</td><td data-label="Stable Version">3.142.6</td><td data-label="Release Date">October 04, 2019</td><td data-label="Beta Version">4.0.0beta4</td><td data-label="Beta Release Date">June 07, 2021</td><td data-label=Links><a href=http://rubygems.org/gems/selenium-webdriver class=link>Download</a>